title: Enter Shikari

text: Ambush Reality is an independent record label owned by Enter Shikari. Although originally it was exclusively for the release of Enter Shikari's albums and songs, on 21 July 2014 the band announced via Facebook and Twitter they were releasing a song by Nottingham hardcore band Baby Godzilla (now known as Heck). Formed in July 2006, it is co-owned and run by the members of the band and their friends. The band has decided that, to tour in the United States, they had to sign with a major record label in America. On 28 August 2007, Ambush Reality said that "Take to the Skies" came out in North America in October 2007, with Ambush Reality joining Interscope Records imprint Tiny Evil. Ambush Reality signed a distribution deal with Warner Music to make the album "Common Dreads" and future releases more accessible outside the UK and also more widely advertised and promoted. As of 8 December 2010 Enter Shikari / Ambush Reality have left distribution through Warner and will distribute throughout UK/Europe/Japan/Australia via PIAS Entertainment Group.


title: Enter Shikari

text: As of 21 June 2011, Enter Shikari's releases in North America are via independent record label Hopeless Records.


title: Enter Shikari

text: Reynolds has produced music as part of a side project with the name "Rout", which he sometimes performs in small venues and before shows. He previously used the names "Shark & Blitz" and "Routron 5000". The music develops on his penchant for electronics, resulting in a drum and bass/jungle/dubstep sound. Some songs feature samples of Rou and friends fooling around as well as iconic lines from movies or songs.


title: Enter Shikari

text: Rolfe also DJs under the moniker "Sgt. Rolfy", regularly playing slots at the band's aftershow parties. He plays a range of sounds, including trance, drum & bass, dubstep and even classical and parody tunes too.


title: Enter Shikari

text: Clewlow recently released his first remix, simply as "Rory C", for Don Broco's track "Priorities", from their new record.


title: Enter Shikari

text: On 25 April 2013 the band announced a side project called Shikari Sound System, an alter-ego of the group. The band announced it on their Facebook page straight after they had been announced to play at Reading and Leeds Festival during the summer. Frontman Rou assured fans on his Twitter page that it would be "The same 4 scallywags but playing a live dance set". Shikari Sound System played their debut set at The Reading and Leeds festivals and were joined by members of hardcore band Hacktivist as well as Danny Price who now regularly hosts SSS DJ sets. Shikari Sound System were announced for Slam Dunk Festival on 24 February 2016 and have done regular slots in the UK and Europe.


title: Enter Shikari

text: In 2017, Rou Reynolds released a book named "Dear Future Historians", a song-by-song lyrical analysis of the band's work including photos. By popular demand, the book was revisited and expanded in 2019 to include music released since its original publication, and received another strictly limited edition run.


title: Enter Shikari

text: In August 2020, it was announced that Enter Shikari would become the main sponsor of their hometown team, St Albans City Football Club. In 2022, Chris Batten signed on with the football club to play one football match against Dagenham & Redbridge F.C. to raise money to support those affected by the Russian Invasion of Ukraine.


title: Khmer script

text: Khmer script (, ) is an abugida (alphasyllabary) script used to write the Khmer language, the official language of Cambodia. It is also used to write Pali in the Buddhist liturgy of Cambodia and Thailand.


title: Khmer script

text: Khmer is written from left to right. Words within the same sentence or phrase are generally run together with no spaces between them. Consonant clusters within a word are "stacked", with the second (and occasionally third) consonant being written in reduced form under the main consonant. Originally there were 35 consonant characters, but modern Khmer uses only 33. Each character represents a consonant sound together with an inherent vowel, either "â" or "ô"; in many cases, in the absence of another vowel mark, the inherent vowel is to be pronounced after the consonant.


title: Khmer script

text: There are some independent vowel characters, but vowel sounds are more commonly represented as dependent vowels, additional marks accompanying a consonant character, and indicating what vowel sound is to be pronounced after that consonant (or consonant cluster). Most dependent vowels have two different pronunciations, depending in most cases on the inherent vowel of the consonant to which they are added. There are also a number of diacritics used to indicate further modifications in pronunciation. The script also includes its own numerals and punctuation marks.


title: Khmer script

text: The Khmer script was adapted from the Pallava script, used in southern India and South East Asia during the 5th and 6th centuries AD, which ultimately descended from the Tamil-Brahmi script. The oldest dated inscription in Khmer was found at Angkor Borei District in Takéo Province south of Phnom Penh and dates from 611. Stelae of the Pre-Angkorean and Angkorean periods, featuring the Khmer script, have been found throughout the former Khmer Empire, from the Mekong Delta to what is now southern Laos, Northeast Thailand, and Central Thailand.


title: Khmer script

text: The modern Khmer script differs somewhat from precedent forms seen on the inscriptions of the ruins of Angkor. The Thai and Lao scripts are descendants of an older cursive form of the Khmer script, through the Sukhothai script.


title: Khmer script

text: There are 35 Khmer consonant symbols, although modern Khmer only uses 33, two having become obsolete. Each consonant has an inherent vowel: "â" or "ô" ; equivalently, each consonant is said to belong to the "a"-series or "o"-series. A consonant's series determines the pronunciation of the dependent vowel symbols which may be attached to it, and in some positions the sound of the inherent vowel is itself pronounced.


title: Khmer script

text: The two series originally represented voiceless and voiced consonants respectively (and are still referred to as such in Khmer). Sound changes during the Middle Khmer period affected vowels following voiceless consonants, and these changes were preserved even though the distinctive voicing was lost (see phonation in Khmer).


title: Khmer script

text: Each consonant, with one exception, also has a subscript form. These may also be called "sub-consonants"; the Khmer phrase is ', meaning "foot of a letter". Most subscript consonants resemble the corresponding consonant symbol, but in a smaller and possibly simplified form, although in a few cases there is no obvious resemblance. Most subscript consonants are written directly below other consonants, although subscript ' appears to the left, while a few others have ascending elements which appear to the right.


title: Khmer script

text: Subscripts are used in writing consonant clusters (consonants pronounced consecutively in a word with no vowel sound between them). Clusters in Khmer normally consist of two consonants, although occasionally in the middle of a word there will be three. The first consonant in a cluster is written using the main consonant symbol, with the second (and third, if present) attached to it in subscript form. Subscripts were previously also used to write final consonants; in modern Khmer this may be done, optionally, in some words ending "-ng" or "-y", such as "" ("give").


title: Khmer script

text: The consonants and their subscript forms are listed in the following table. Usual phonetic values are given using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA); variations are described below the table. The sound system is described in detail at Khmer phonology. The spoken name of each consonant letter is its value together with its inherent vowel. Transliterations are given using the transcription system of the "Geographic Department of the Cambodian Ministry of Land Management and Urban Planning" used by the Cambodian government and the UNGEGN system; for other systems see Romanization of Khmer.


title: Khmer script

text: The letter appears in somewhat modified form (e.g. ) when combined with certain dependent vowels (see Ligatures).


title: Khmer script

text: The letter "nhô" is written without the lower curve when a subscript is added. When it is subscripted to itself, the subscript is a smaller form of the entire letter: "-nhnh-".


title: Khmer script

text: Note that ' and ' have the same subscript form. In initial clusters this subscript is always pronounced , but in medial positions it is in some words and in others.


title: Khmer script

text: The series ', ', ', ', ' originally represented retroflex consonants in the Indic parent scripts. The second, third and fourth of these are rare, and occur only for etymological reasons in a few Pali and Sanskrit loanwords. Because the sound /n/ is common, and often grammatically productive, in Mon-Khmer languages, the fifth of this group, , was adapted as an a-series counterpart of ' for convenience (all other nasal consonants are o-series).


title: Khmer script

text: The aspirated consonant letters ("kh-", "chh-", "th-", "ph-") are pronounced with aspiration only before a vowel. There is also slight aspiration with "k", "ch", "t" and "p" sounds before certain consonants, but this is regardless of whether they are spelt with a letter that indicates aspiration.


title: Khmer script

text: A Khmer word cannot end with more than one consonant sound, so subscript consonants at the end of words (which appear for etymological reasons) are not pronounced, although they may come to be pronounced when the same word begins a compound.


title: Khmer script

text: In some words, a single medial consonant symbol represents both the final consonant of one syllable and the initial consonant of the next.


title: Khmer script

text: The letter "bâ" represents only before a vowel. When final or followed by a subscript consonant, it is pronounced (and in the case where it is followed by a subscript consonant, it is also romanized as "p" in the UN system). For modification to "p" by means of a diacritic, see Supplementary consonants. The letter, which represented /p/ in Indic scripts, also often maintains the sound in certain words borrowed from Sanskrit and Pali.


title: Khmer script

text: The letters "dâ" and "dô" are pronounced when final. The letter "tâ" is pronounced in initial position in a weak syllable ending with a nasal.


title: Khmer script

text: In final position, letters representing a sound ("k-", "kh-") are pronounced as a glottal stop after the vowels , , , , , , , , . The letter ' is silent when final (in most dialects; see Northern Khmer). The letter ' when final is pronounced (which in this position approaches ).


title: Khmer script

text: The Khmer writing system includes supplementary consonants, used in certain loanwords, particularly from French and Thai. These mostly represent sounds which do not occur in native words, or for which the native letters are restricted to one of the two vowel series. Most of them are digraphs, formed by stacking a subscript under the letter "hâ", with an additional "treisăpt" diacritic if required to change the inherent vowel to "ô". The character for "pâ", however, is formed by placing the "musĕkâtônd" ("mouse teeth") diacritic over the character "bâ".


title: Khmer script

text: Most Khmer vowel sounds are written using dependent, or diacritical, vowel symbols, known in Khmer as or ("connecting vowel"). These can only be written in combination with a consonant (or consonant cluster). The vowel is pronounced after the consonant (or cluster), even though some of the symbols have graphical elements which appear above, below or to the left of the consonant character.


title: Khmer script

text: Most of the vowel symbols have two possible pronunciations, depending on the inherent vowel of the consonant to which it is added. Their pronunciations may also be different in weak syllables, and when they are shortened (e.g. by means of a diacritic). Absence of a dependent vowel (or diacritic) often implies that a syllable-initial consonant is followed by the sound of its inherent vowel.


title: Khmer script

text: In determining the inherent vowel of a consonant cluster (i.e. how a following dependent vowel will be pronounced), stops and fricatives are dominant over sonorants. For any consonant cluster including a combination of these sounds, a following dependent vowel is pronounced according to the dominant consonant, regardless of its position in the cluster. When both members of a cluster are dominant, the subscript consonant determines the pronunciation of a following dependent vowel.


title: Khmer script

text: A non-dominant consonant (and in some words also "hâ") will also have its inherent vowel changed by a preceding dominant consonant in the same word, even when there is a vowel between them, although some words (especially among those with more than two syllables) do not obey this rule.


title: Khmer script

text: The dependent vowels are listed below, in conventional form with a dotted circle as a dummy consonant symbol, and in combination with the a-series letter "’â". The IPA values given are representative of dialects from the northwest and central plains regions, specifically from the Battambang area, upon which Standard Khmer is based. Vowel pronunciation varies widely in other dialects such as Northern Khmer, where diphthongs are leveled, and Western Khmer, in which breathy voice and modal voice phonations are still contrastive.


title: Khmer script

text: The spoken name of each dependent vowel consists of the word "srăk" ("vowel") followed by the vowel's a-series value preceded by a glottal stop (and also followed by a glottal stop in the case of short vowels).


title: Khmer script

text: The addition of some of the Khmer diacritics can modify the length and value of inherent or dependent vowels.


title: Khmer script

text: The following table shows combinations with the ' and ' diacritics, representing final and . They are shown with the a-series consonant "’â".


title: Khmer script

text: The first four configurations listed here are treated as dependent vowels in their own right, and have names constructed in the same way as for the other dependent vowels (described in the previous section).


title: Khmer script

text: Other rarer configurations with the "" are (or ), pronounced , and , pronounced . The word "yes" (used by women) is pronounced [caː] and rarely .


title: Khmer script

text: The "bânták" (a small vertical line written over the final consonant of a syllable) has the following effects:


title: Khmer script

text: The ' is equivalent to the "a" dependent vowel with the '. However, its o-series pronunciation becomes before final "y", and before final (silent) "r".


title: Khmer script

text: There are three environments where a consonant may appear without a dependent vowel. The rules governing the inherent vowel differ for all three environments. Consonants may be written with no dependent vowel as an initial consonant of a weak syllable, an initial consonant of a strong syllable or as the final letter of a written word.


title: Khmer script

text: In careful speech, initial consonants without a dependent vowel in weak initial syllables are pronounced with their inherent vowel shortened as if modified by the "bânták" diacritic (see previous section). For example the first-series letter "" in "" ("torch") is pronounced with the short vowel . The second-series letter "" in "" ("light") is pronounced with the short diphthong . In casual speech, these are most often reduced to for both series.


title: Khmer script

text: Initial consonants in strong syllables without written vowels are pronounced with their inherent vowels. The word ("to tie") is pronounced , ("weak", "to sink") is pronounced . In some words, however, the inherent vowel is pronounced in its reduced form, as if modified by a "bântăk" diacritic, even though the diacritic is not written (e.g. "corpse"). Such reduction regularly takes place in words ending with a consonant with a silent subscript (such as "every"), although in most such words it is the "bânták"-reduced form of the vowel "a" that is heard, as in "noise". The word "you, person" has the highly irregular pronunciation .


title: Khmer script

text: Consonants written as the final letter of a word usually represent a word-final sound and are pronounced without any following vowel and, in the case of stops, with no audible release as in the examples above. However, in some words adopted from Pali and Sanskrit, what would appear to be a final consonant under normal rules can actually be the initial consonant of a following syllable and pronounced with a short vowel as if followed by . For example, according to rules for native Khmer words, ("good", "clean", "beautiful") would appear to be a single syllable, but, being derived from Pali "subha", it is pronounced .


title: Khmer script

text: Most consonants, including a few of the subscripts, form ligatures with the vowel (ា) and with all other dependent vowels that contain the same cane-like symbol. Most of these ligatures are easily recognizable, but a few may not be, particularly those involving the letter . This combines with the a vowel in the form , created to differentiate it from the consonant symbol and also from the ligature for with ().


title: Khmer script

text: Independent vowels are non-diacritical vowel characters that stand alone (i.e. without being attached to a consonant symbol). In Khmer they are called "sră pénh tuŏ", which means "complete vowels". They are used in some words to represent certain combinations of a vowel with an initial glottal stop or liquid. The independent vowels are used in a small number of words, mostly of Indic origin, and consequently there is some inconsistency in their use and pronunciations. However, a few words in which they occur are used quite frequently; these include: "now", "father", "or", "hear", "give, let", "oneself, I, you", "where".


title: Khmer script

text: Independent vowel letters are named similarly to the dependent vowels, with the word "sră" ("vowel") followed by the principal sound of the letter (the pronunciation or first of the pronunciations listed above), followed by an additional glottal stop after a short vowel. However the letter ឥ is called "sră ĕ" .


title: Khmer script

text: The Khmer writing system contains several diacritics (, , ), used to indicate further modifications in pronunciation.


title: Khmer script

text: For the purpose of dictionary ordering of words, main consonants, subscript consonants and dependent vowels are all significant; and when they appear in combination, they are considered in the order in which they would be spoken (main consonant, subscript, vowel). The order of the consonants and of the dependent vowels is the order in which they appear in the above tables. A syllable written without any dependent vowel is treated as if it contained a vowel character that precedes all the visible dependent vowels.


title: Khmer script

text: As mentioned above, the four configurations with diacritics exemplified in the syllables are treated as dependent vowels in their own right, and come in that order at the end of the list of dependent vowels. Other configurations with the "reăhmŭkh" diacritic are ordered as if that diacritic were a final consonant coming after all other consonants. Words with the "bânták" and "sâmyoŭk sânhnhéa" diacritics are ordered directly after identically spelled words without the diacritics.


title: Khmer script

text: Vowels precede consonants in the ordering, so a combination of main and subscript consonants comes after any instance in which the same main consonant appears unsubscripted before a vowel.


title: Khmer script

text: Words spelled with an independent vowel whose sound begins with a glottal stop follow after words spelled with the equivalent combination of "’â" plus dependent vowel. Words spelled with an independent vowel whose sound begins or follow after all words beginning with the consonants "rô" and "lô" respectively.


title: Khmer script

text: Words spelled with a consonant modified by a diacritic follow words spelled with the same consonant and dependent vowel symbol but without the diacritic. However, words spelled with (a "bâ" converted to a "p" sound by a diacritic) follow all words with unmodified "bâ" (without diacritic and without subscript). Sometimes words in which is pronounced "p" are ordered as if the letter were written .


title: Khmer script

text: The numerals of the Khmer script, similar to that used by other civilizations in Southeast Asia, are also derived from the southern Indian script. Western-style Arabic numerals are also used, but to a lesser extent.


title: Khmer script

text: In large numbers, groups of three digits are delimited with Western-style periods. The decimal point is represented by a comma. The Cambodian currency, the riel, is abbreviated using the symbol or simply the letter "rô".


title: Khmer script

text: Spaces are not used between all words in written Khmer. Spaces are used within sentences in roughly the same places as commas might be in English, although they may also serve to set off certain items such as numbers and proper names.


title: Khmer script

text: Western-style punctuation marks are quite commonly used in modern Khmer writing, including French-style guillemets for quotation marks. However, traditional Khmer punctuation marks are also used; some of these are described in the following table.


title: Khmer script

text: A hyphen ( "sâhâ sânhnhéa") is commonly used between components of personal names, and also as in English when a word is divided between lines of text. It can also be used between numbers to denote ranges or dates. Particular uses of Western-style periods include grouping of digits in large numbers (see "Numerals" hereinbefore) and denotation of abbreviations.


title: Khmer script

text: Several styles of Khmer writing are used for varying purposes. The two main styles are (literally "slanted script") and ("round script").


title: Khmer script

text: The basic Khmer block was added to the Unicode Standard in version 3.0, released in September 1999. It then contained 103 defined code points; this was extended to 114 in version 4.0, released in April 2003. Version 4.0 also introduced an additional block, called Khmer Symbols, containing 32 signs used for writing lunar dates.


title: Khmer script

text: The first 35 characters are the consonant letters (including two obsolete). The symbols at U+17A3 and U+17A4 are deprecated (they were intended for use in Pali and Sanskrit transliteration, but are identical in appearance to the consonant , written alone or with the "a" vowel). These are followed by the 15 independent vowels (including one obsolete and one variant form). The code points U+17B4 and U+17B5 are invisible combining marks for inherent vowels, intended for use only in special applications.


title: Khmer script

text: Next come the 16 dependent vowel signs and the 12 diacritics (excluding the "kbiĕh kraôm", which is identical in form to the "ŏ" dependent vowel); these are represented together with a dotted circle, but should be displayed appropriately in combination with a preceding Khmer letter.


title: Khmer script

text: The code point U+17D2, called "", meaning "foot", is used to indicate that a following consonant is to be written in subscript form. It is not normally visibly rendered as a character. U+17D3 was originally intended for use in writing lunar dates, but its use is now discouraged (see the Khmer Symbols block hereafter). The next seven characters are the punctuation marks listed hereinbefore; these are followed by the riel currency symbol, a rare sign corresponding to the Sanskrit avagraha, and a mostly obsolete version of the "vĭréam" diacritic. The U+17Ex series contains the Khmer numerals, and the U+17Fx series contains variants of the numerals used in divination lore.


title: Khmer script

text: The symbols at U+19E0 and U+19F0 represent the first and second "eighth month" in a lunar year containing a leap-month (see Khmer calendar). The remaining symbols in this block denote the days of a lunar month: those in the U+19Ex series for waxing days, and those in the U+19Fx series for waning days.


title: Saddiq Bey

text: Saddiq Bey (born April 9, 1999) is an American professional basketball player for the Detroit Pistons of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Villanova Wildcats.


title: Saddiq Bey

text: Bey is the son of Drewana Bey, a former high school principal who played collegiate basketball at Charlotte. He attended DeMatha Catholic High School his freshman year before transferring to Sidwell Friends School. He played AAU ball with D.C. Premier. He stood 5'9 as a freshman before growing through high school. Bey averaged 14.5 points, 6.5 rebounds, 2 assists and 2 steals per game as a junior to lead Sidwell to a conference championship. He injured his ankle as a senior and missed several games. As a senior, Bey averaged 21 points and eight rebounds per game.


title: Saddiq Bey

text: A four-star recruit, Bey was ranked the 83rd best player in his class by 247Sports.com. Bey originally committed to North Carolina State on November 2, 2017. However, he asked to be released from his letter of intent in May 2018, and was denied a waiver to play in the Atlantic Coast Conference. After visiting Wake Forest, Boston College, and Vanderbilt, he signed with Villanova on June 15. Villanova coach Jay Wright had recruited Bey earlier in high school but began targeting him after Omari Spellman left for the NBA and a scholarship became available.


title: Saddiq Bey

text: In his debut versus Morgan State, Bey finished with 16 points and four rebounds. In his first six games he averaged a little under 16 points per game. Bey had his first double-double with 16 points and 11 rebounds on January 30, 2019 against DePaul. Villanova won the Big East Tournament to become the first team with three straight tournament titles, with Bey contributing 16 points and 10 rebounds in the 74–72 championship against Seton Hall. As a freshman, Bey averaged 8.2 points and 5.1 rebounds per game, starting 29 of 36 games. He was named to the Big East All-Freshman Team.


title: Saddiq Bey

text: Coming into his sophomore season, Bey was named to the Julius Erving Award watchlist. On December 4, Bey scored 27 points to lead Villanova to an 80–69 win over Penn. He had a career-high 33 points including eight three-pointers on January 11, 2020, to help the Wildcats to a 80–66 victory over Georgetown. Bey scored 18 points the following game in a 79–75 overtime win against DePaul. At the conclusion of the regular season, Bey was unanimously selected first-team All-Big East. Bey was named the winner of the Robert V. Geasey Trophy as the top player in the Philadelphia Big 5. Bey won the Julius Erving Award at the end of the season as the nation's top small forward. Bey was the third Villanova player to win the award in the previous six seasons, following Josh Hart in 2017 and Mikal Bridges in 2018. He averaged 16.1 points, 4.7 rebounds, and 2.4 assists per game as a sophomore.


title: Saddiq Bey

text: Bey was drafted 19th overall by the Brooklyn Nets in the 2020 NBA draft. The following day, November 19, 2020, the Detroit Pistons acquired the draft rights to Bey in a three-team trade. On December 1, the Pistons announced that they had signed Bey. On February 15, 2021, Bey was named Eastern Conference Player of the Week. Bey would finish 4th in Rookie of the Year voting with 3 third-place votes.


title: Saddiq Bey

text: On January 1, 2022, Bey hit a game-winning three-pointer over two defenders in the final seconds of overtime to propel the Pistons to a 117–116 victory over the San Antonio Spurs. Two days later, Bey scored a then career-high 34 points, along with eight rebounds, leading the Pistons to an 115–106 upset road victory over the defending champion Milwaukee Bucks. On March 17, 2022, Bey scored a career high 51 points, along with nine rebounds, four assists, and three steals, in a 134–120 win against the Orlando Magic.


title: Saddiq Bey

text: On March 23, 2022, Bey set a Pistons franchise record for most 3-pointers made in a season, breaking Allan Houston's previous record of 191. On March 31, 2022, Bey became the first ever Piston to make 200 3-pointers in a single season.


title: Mary Quant

text: Dame Barbara Mary Quant, Mrs Plunket Greene, (born 11 February 1930) is a British fashion designer and fashion icon. She became an instrumental figure in the 1960s London-based Mod and youth fashion movements. She was one of the designers who took credit for the miniskirt and hotpants. Ernestine Carter wrote: "It is given to a fortunate few to be born at the right time, in the right place, with the right talents. In recent fashion there are three: Chanel, Dior, and Mary Quant."


title: Mary Quant

text: Quant was born on 11 February 1930 in Blackheath, London, the daughter of Welsh teachers. Her parents, Jack and Mildred Quant, were both from mining families; however, they had been awarded scholarships to grammar school and had both attained first-class degrees at Cardiff University before they moved to London to work as school teachers.


title: Mary Quant

text: Quant went to Blackheath High School. For college, her desire had been to study fashion; however, her parents dissuaded her from that course of study, and she instead studied illustration and art education at Goldsmiths College for which she received a degree in 1953. In pursuit of her love for fashion, after finishing her degree, she apprenticed with Erik, a high-end Mayfair milliner on Brook Street next door to Claridge's hotel.


title: Mary Quant

text: Quant initially sold clothing sourced from wholesalers in her new boutique. The bolder and more unique pieces in her collection started garnering more attention from media like "Harper's Bazaar," and an American manufacturer purchased some of her dress designs. Because of this attention and her personal love for these bolder styles, she decided to take designs into her own hands. Initially working solo, she was soon employing a handful of sewing machine operators; by 1966 she was working with a total of 18 manufacturers. A self-taught designer inspired by the culture-forward 'Chelsea Set' of artists and socialites, Quant's designs were riskier and more unique than standard styles of the time. Quant's designs revolutionized fashion from the utilitarian wartime standard of the late 40s to the energy of the 50s and 60s' cultural shifts. She stocked her own original items in an array of colours and patterns, such as colourful tights.


title: Mary Quant

text: Quant's impact did not just come from her unique designs; in her boutique, Bazaar, she created a special environment, including music, drinks, and long hours that appealed to young adults. This environment was unique for the industry, as it differentiated from the stale department stores and inaccessible high-end designer store environments that had a hold of the fashion market. Her window displays with models in quirky poses brought a lot of attention to her boutique, where people would often stop to stare at the eccentric displays. She states, "Within 10 days, we hardly had a piece of the original merchandise left."


title: Mary Quant

text: For a while in the late 1950s and early 1960s, Quant was one of only two London-based high-end designers consistently offering youthful clothes for young people. The other was Kiki Byrne, who opened her boutique on the King's Road in direct competition with Quant.


title: Mary Quant

text: The miniskirt, described as one of the defining fashions of the 1960s, is one of the garments most widely associated with Quant. While she is often cited as the inventor of the style, this claim has been challenged by others. Marit Allen, a contemporary fashion journalist and editor of the influential "Young Ideas" pages for UK "Vogue", firmly stated that another British fashion designer, John Bates, rather than Quant or André Courrèges, was the original creator of the miniskirt. Others credit Courrèges with the invention of the style. However, skirts had been getting shorter since the 1950s—a development Quant considered practical and liberating, allowing women the ability to run for a bus.


title: Mary Quant

text: Quant later said: "It was the girls on the King's Road [during the "Swinging London" scene] who invented the miniskirt. I was making easy, youthful, simple clothes, in which you could move, in which you could run and jump and we would make them the length the customer wanted. I wore them very short and the customers would say, 'Shorter, shorter.'" She gave the miniskirt its name, after her favourite make of car, the Mini, and said of its wearers: "they are curiously feminine, but their femininity lies in their attitude rather than in their appearance ... She enjoys being noticed, but wittily. She is lively—positive—opinionated." The fashion model Twiggy would popularise the miniskirt abroad.


title: Mary Quant

text: In addition to the miniskirt, Quant is often credited with inventing the coloured and patterned tights that tended to accompany the garment, although their creation is also attributed to the Spanish couturier Cristóbal Balenciaga, who offered harlequin-patterned tights in 1962, or to John Bates.


title: Mary Quant

text: In the late 1960s, Quant offered short shorts that were the forerunner of hotpants and became a British fashion icon. In 1967 she designed berets in twelve colours for British headwear company Kangol. Quant's berets, featuring her daisy logo, are in her collection at the Victoria and Albert Museum. Through the 1970s and 1980s she concentrated on household goods and make-up rather than just her clothing lines, including the duvet, which she claims to have invented.


title: Mary Quant

text: In 1988, Quant designed the interior of the Mini (1000) Designer (originally dubbed the Mini Quant, the name was changed when popularity charts were set against having Quant's name on the car). It featured black-and-white striped seats with red trimming. The seatbelts were red, and the driving and passenger seats had Quant's signature on the upper left quadrant. The steering-wheel had Quant's signature daisy, and the bonnet badge had "Mary Quant" written over the signature name. The headlight housings, wheel arches, door handles and bumpers were all "nimbus grey", rather than the more common chrome or black finishes. Two thousand were released in the UK on 15 June 1988, and a number were also released on to foreign markets; however, the numbers for these are hard to come by. The special edition Mini came in two body colours, jet black and diamond white.


title: Mary Quant

text: In 2000, she resigned as director of Mary Quant Ltd, her cosmetics company, after a Japanese buy-out. There are more than 200 Mary Quant Colour shops in Japan.


title: Mary Quant

text: In 1963 Quant was the first winner of the Dress of the Year award. In 1966 she was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for her outstanding contribution to the fashion industry. She arrived at Buckingham Palace to accept the award in a cream wool jersey minidress with blue facings.


title: Mary Quant

text: She was appointed a Dame (DBE) by Queen Elizabeth II in the 2015 New Year Honours for services to British fashion.


title: Mary Quant

text: Quant received an honorary doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 2006. In 2009, the miniskirt designed by Quant was selected by the Royal Mail for their "British Design Classics" commemorative postage stamp issue. In 2012, she was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir Peter Blake to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork – the Beatles' "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" album cover – to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life.


title: Mary Quant

text: Quant is a fellow of the Chartered Society of Designers, and winner of the Minerva Medal, the society's highest award.


title: Mary Quant

text: She met her future husband and business partner, Alexander Plunket Greene, grandson of Harry Plunket Greene, in 1953. They were married from 1957 until his death in 1990, and had a son, Orlando (b. 1969).


title: 2018–19 Real Madrid CF season

text: The 2018–19 season was Real Madrid Club de Fútbol's 115th season in existence and the club's 88th consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football. It covered a period from 1 July 2018 to 30 June 2019. The season is widely described as one of the worst campaigns in the club's modern history. It was also the first season since 2008–09 without the club's record goalscorer Cristiano Ronaldo, who departed for Juventus in the summer of 2018.


title: 2018–19 Real Madrid CF season

text: After Zinedine Zidane's departure, Madrid announced on 12 June 2018, that Julen Lopetegui would take over the head coaching position.


title: 2018–19 Real Madrid CF season

text: On 22 June 2018, Madrid announced their first signing of the season, adding Andriy Lunin to the squad. On 5 July 2018, Madrid signed Álvaro Odriozola. Five days later, Madrid agreed to sell Cristiano Ronaldo to Juventus for €117 million.


title: 2018–19 Real Madrid CF season

text: Thibaut Courtois joined Madrid on 8 August 2018 from Chelsea, while Mateo Kovačić moved to Chelsea on loan.


title: 2018–19 Real Madrid CF season

text: The season started on 15 August, with the 2018 UEFA Super Cup against Atlético Madrid. The game was lost 2–4 after extra time. Karim Benzema and Sergio Ramos gave Madrid the 2–1 lead which was cancelled out late in the second half. It was Real's first European finals loss after nine consecutive wins. The new La Liga season started with a 2–0 victory against Getafe four days later, with goals from Dani Carvajal and Gareth Bale. Against Girona, Madrid came out with a 4–1 victory from behind, with a brace from Benzema and goals from Ramos and Bale. On 29 August 2018, Mariano Díaz returned to Madrid.


title: 2018–19 Real Madrid CF season

text: On the first day of the new month, a brace from Benzema and goals from Bale and Ramos secured Madrid three points in a 4–1 win over Leganés. The away game at Athletic Bilbao, on 15 September 2018, ended in a 1–1 draw with the lone goal coming from Isco. Four days later, in the first match of the 2018–19 UEFA Champions League group stage, Madrid defeated Roma 3–0 after goals from Bale, Isco and Mariano. Marco Asensio scored the lone goal in a 1–0 win over RCD Espanyol, just three days later. The first defeat of the league season came on 26 September 2018, against Sevilla, with Real losing 0–3. In the first league Madrid derby against Atlético, the match ended in a goalless draw three days later.


title: 2018–19 Real Madrid CF season

text: On 2 October 2018, the Champions League match at CSKA Moscow ended in a 0–1 loss. Four days later, against Deportivo Alavés, Madrid lost 0–1 again. Their next game was a 1–2 loss against Levante UD on 20 October 2018, with the lone goal coming from Marcelo. The Champions League match against Viktoria Plzeň three days later ended with a 2–1 win with goals from Benzema and Marcelo. Five days later, El Clásico was lost 1–5, with the goal coming from Marcelo. It was Madrid's biggest away defeat to Barcelona since 0–5 in 2010. On 29 October 2018, Lopetegui was sacked and replaced by interim coach Santiago Solari. On the last day of the month, Madrid took on UD Melilla in the Copa del Rey round of 32 first leg and won 4–0 after goals from Benzema, Asensio, Odriozola and Cristo González.


title: 2018–19 Real Madrid CF season

text: On 3 November 2018, late goals from Vinícius Júnior and Ramos gave Madrid a 2–0 victory over Real Valladolid. Four days later, the return game at Viktoria Plzeň in the Champions League ended with a 5–0 win, Benzema scored a brace and Bale, Casemiro and Toni Kroos each added one goal. Madrid defeated Celta Vigo 4–2 on 11 November 2018, after goals from Benzema, Ramos, Dani Ceballos and an own goal. Solari was upgraded to a full-time head coach on 13 November 2018, after signing a contract through 2021. The away game at SD Eibar on 24 November 2018 was lost 0–3. Three days later, the Champions League match at Roma was won 2–0 by goals from Bale and Lucas Vázquez. With that win, Madrid advanced to the knockout stage.


title: 2018–19 Real Madrid CF season

text: On the first day of the month, an own goal and a goal from Vázquez secured Madrid three points with a 2–0 win over Valencia CF. The return leg of the Copa del Rey round of 32 tie against Melilla on 6 December 2018 was won 6–1, giving Madrid a 10–1 victory on aggregate. Asensio and Isco scored a brace each, with the remaining goals coming from Vinícius and Javi Sánchez. Three days later, a Bale goal gave Real a 1–0 victory over SD Huesca. On 12 December 2018, Madrid suffered a 0–3 loss against CSKA Moscow on the last matchday of the Champions League group stage. A lone goal by Benzema helped Madrid to win 1–0 against Rayo Vallecano on 15 December 2018. On 19 December 2018, the semi-final of the 2018 FIFA Club World Cup was won 3–1 against Kashima Antlers with a hat-trick from Bale. Three days later, Madrid defeated Al-Ain 4–1 in the final after goals from Luka Modrić, Marcos Llorente, Ramos and an own goal.


title: 2018–19 Real Madrid CF season

text: In the first game of the new year on 3 January 2019, Madrid drew Villarreal 2–2 with goals from Benzema and Raphaël Varane. Three days later, the match against Real Sociedad was lost 0–2. On 6 January 2019, Madrid announced the signing of Brahim Díaz. Goals from Ramos, Vázquez and Vinícius gave Madrid a 3–0 first leg win against Leganés on 9 January 2019 in the Copa del Rey round of 16. On 13 January 2019, a late goal from Ceballos gave Madrid a 2–1 away win against Real Betis after Modrić scored the other goal. Despite a 0–1 loss in the second leg three days later, an aggregate 3–1 victory over Leganés secured Madrid a place in the quarter-finals of the Copa del Rey. Kiko Casilla joined Leeds United on 17 January 2019. Two days later, Madrid defeated Sevilla 2–0 with goals from Casemiro and Modrić. A brace from Ramos and goals by Vázquez and Benzema helped Madrid to get a 4–2 first leg home victory over Girona in the Copa del Rey quarter-finals of on 24 January. Three days later, Real recorded another 4–2 victory, this time over Espanyol, with two goals from Benzema and goals from Ramos and Bale. On 31 January, Madrid defeated Girona 3–1 away from home to close out the month and progress to the Copa del Rey semi-finals with a 7–3 aggregate victory. Benzema scored a brace and Llorente added another goal.


title: 2018–19 Real Madrid CF season

text: On 3 February, Madrid won 3–0 against Alavés after goals from Benzema, Vinicius and Mariano. The first leg of the Copa del Rey semi-finals against Barcelona on 6 February ended with a 1–1 draw after Vázquez initially gave Madrid the lead. Three days later, Real won the derby against Atlético 3–1 after goals from Casemiro, Ramos and Bale to move up to the second place. In the first leg of the Champions League round of 16 against AFC Ajax on 13 February, Madrid came away with a 2–1 victory, with Benzema and Asensio scoring the goals. Four days later, Girona defeated Madrid with a score of 2–1, with the lone goal coming from Casemiro. The result meant Atlético had again overtaken Real for the second place. A 2–1 victory over Levante was recorded on 24 February, after goals from Benzema and Bale, both being penalties. Three days later, Madrid was knocked out of the Copa del Rey by Barcelona after a 0–3 second leg defeat, resulting in a 1–4 aggregate loss.


title: 2018–19 Real Madrid CF season

text: The league Clásico took place on 2 March and was lost 0–1. Three days later, Madrid suffered a 1–4 home defeat in the return leg of the Champions League round of 16 against Ajax and was eliminated 3–5 on aggregate. On 10 March, the game against Valladolid was won 4–1 after a brace from Benzema and goals from Varane and Modrić. Zidane returned as the head coach the next day while Solari was sacked. On 16 March, Celta Vigo was defeated 2–0 with goals from Isco and Bale. On the last day of the month, goals from Isco, Ceballos and a late one from Benzema secured Madrid three points in a 3–2 win over Huesca.


title: 2018–19 Real Madrid CF season

text: On 3 April, the away game at Valencia was lost 1–2, with the lone goal coming from Benzema in added time. Three days later, a brace from Benzema secured Madrid a 2–1 win over Eibar. On 15 April, Madrid got a 1–1 draw at Leganés with a goal from Benzema. A hat-trick from Benzema secured Madrid a 3–0 win over Athletic Bilbao on 21 April 2019. On 25 April, Madrid was held to a scoreless draw at Getafe. Three days later, the away game at Vallecano was lost 0–1.


title: 2018–19 Real Madrid CF season

text: On 5 May, Madrid defeated Villarreal 3–2 with a brace from Mariano and a goal from Jesús Vallejo. A week later, the away game at Real Sociedad was lost 1–3, with the lone goal coming from Brahim Díaz. With that result, Real Madrid was confirmed to finish no higher than third in the league standings. The last game of the season was lost 0–2 at home to Real Betis on 19 May 2019, marking an end to a disastrous campaign. Real finished the season with the worst points total since 2001–02 and worst goal difference since 1999–2000. A day later, Kroos signed a new contract until 2023.


title: 2018–19 Real Madrid CF season

text: "Times from 1 July to 27 October 2018 and from 31 March to 30 June 2019 are UTC+2, from 28 October 2018 to 30 March 2019 UTC+1."


title: Margaret Wise Brown

text: Margaret Wise Brown (May 23, 1910 – November 13, 1952) was an American writer of children's books, including "Goodnight Moon" and "The Runaway Bunny", both illustrated by Clement Hurd. She has been called "the laureate of the nursery" for her achievements.


title: Margaret Wise Brown

text: Brown was born in Brooklyn, New York, the middle child of three of Maude Margaret (Johnson) and Robert Bruce Brown. She was the granddaughter of politician Benjamin Gratz Brown. Her parents had an unhappy marriage. She was initially raised in Brooklyn's Greenpoint neighborhood, and attended Chateau Brilliantmont boarding school in Lausanne, Switzerland in 1923, while her parents were living in India and Canterbury, Connecticut. In 1925, she attended The Kew-Forest School. She began attending Dana Hall School in Wellesley, Massachusetts, in 1926, where she did well in athletics. After graduation in 1928, Brown went on to Hollins College in Roanoke, Virginia.


title: Margaret Wise Brown

text: Brown was an avid, lifelong beagler and was noted for her ability to keep pace, on foot, with the hounds.


title: Margaret Wise Brown

text: Following her graduation with a B.A. in English from Hollins in 1932, Brown worked as a teacher and also studied art. While working at the Bank Street Experimental School in New York City she started writing books for children. Bank Street promoted a new approach to children's education and literature, emphasizing the real world and the "here and now". This philosophy influenced Brown's work; she was also inspired by the poet Gertrude Stein, whose literary style influenced Brown's own writing.


title: Margaret Wise Brown

text: Brown's first published children's book was "When the Wind Blew", published in 1937 by Harper & Brothers. Impressed by Brown's "here and now" style, W. R. Scott hired her as his first editor in 1938. Through Scott, she published the "Noisy Book" series among others. As editor at Scott, one of Brown's first projects was to recruit contemporary authors to write children's books for the company. Ernest Hemingway and John Steinbeck neglected to respond, but Brown's hero Gertrude Stein accepted the offer. Stein's book "The World is Round" was illustrated by Clement Hurd, who had previously teamed with Brown on W. R. Scott's "Bumble Bugs and Elephants", considered "perhaps the first modern board book for babies". Brown and Hurd later teamed on the children's book classics "The Runaway Bunny" and "Goodnight Moon", published by Harper. In addition to publishing a number of Brown's books, under her editorship W. R. Scott published Edith Thacher Hurd's first book, "Hurry Hurry", and Esphyr Slobodkina's classic "Caps for Sale".


title: Margaret Wise Brown

text: The New York Public Library initially banned "Good Night Moon" due to the influence of retired librarian Anne Carrol Moore, who reportedly "hated" the book. It wasn't until 1972 that the book was finally made available to patrons.


title: Margaret Wise Brown

text: From 1944 to 1946, Doubleday published three picture books written by Brown under the pseudonym "Golden MacDonald" (coopted from her friend's handyman) and illustrated by Leonard Weisgard. Weisgard was a runner-up for the Caldecott Medal in 1946, and he won the 1947 Medal for "Little Lost Lamb" and "The Little Island". Two more of their collaborations appeared in 1953 and 1956, after Brown's death. "The Little Fisherman", illustrated by Dahlov Ipcar, was published in 1945. "The Little Fur Family", illustrated by Garth Williams, was published in 1946. Early in the 1950s she wrote several books for the Little Golden Books series, including "The Color Kittens", "Mister Dog", and "Scuppers The Sailor Dog."


title: Margaret Wise Brown

text: While at Hollins she was briefly engaged. She dated, for some time, an unknown "good, quiet man from Virginia," had a long-running affair with William Gaston, and had a summer romance with Preston Schoyer. In the summer of 1940, Brown began a long-term relationship with Blanche Oelrichs (pen name Michael Strange), poet/playwright, actress, and the former wife of John Barrymore. The relationship, which began as a mentoring one, eventually became romantic and included co-habiting at 10 Gracie Square in Manhattan beginning in 1943. As a studio, they used Cobble Court, a wooden house later moved to Charles Street. Oelrichs, who was almost 20 years Brown's senior, died in 1950.


title: Margaret Wise Brown

text: Brown went by various nicknames in different circles of friends. To her Dana Hall and Hollins friends she was "Tim," as her hair was the color of timothy hay. To Bank Street friends she was "Brownie." To William Gaston she was "Goldie," in keeping with the use of Golden MacDonald as the author of "The Little Island."


title: Margaret Wise Brown

text: In 1952, Brown met James Stillman 'Pebble' Rockefeller Jr. at a party, and they became engaged. Later that year, while on a book tour in Nice, France, she died at 42 of an embolism, shortly after surgery for a ruptured appendix. Kicking up her leg to show her nurses how well she was feeling caused a blood clot that had formed in her leg to dislodge and travel to her heart.


title: Margaret Wise Brown

text: A 1992 profile in the New Yorker "The Radical Woman Behind 'Goodnight Moon,'" featured a trip through Brown's "Only House" island cottage in Vinalhaven, Maine which still retains elements of her picture books. The profile includes an interview with Rockefeller, noting that he was one of the few living people who'd known Brown well. They had planned to marry in Panama and honeymoon aboard his boat, the Mandalay, but she did not recover.


title: Margaret Wise Brown

text: "She was so full in her own life," Rockefeller told the interviewer. "And yet there must have been a lack, somewhere along the line. But whether she would like an ordinary marriage, with children—I just couldn't really see her in that."


title: Margaret Wise Brown

text: In 2022, Rockefeller penned a memoir called "Wayfarer," about his own long life of adventure, including his memories of Brown.


title: Margaret Wise Brown

text: By the time of Brown's death, she had authored well over one hundred books. Her ashes were scattered at her island home, "The Only House," in Vinalhaven, Maine.


title: Margaret Wise Brown

text: Brown bequeathed the royalties to many of her books including "Goodnight Moon" and "The Runaway Bunny" to Albert Clarke, the son of a neighbor who was nine years old when she died. In 2000, reporter Joshua Prager detailed in "The Wall Street Journal" the troubled life of Clarke, who has squandered the millions of dollars the books have earned him and who believes that Brown was his mother, a claim others dismiss.


title: Margaret Wise Brown

text: Brown left behind over 70 unpublished manuscripts. After unsuccessfully trying to sell them, her sister Roberta Brown Rauch kept them in a cedar trunk for decades. In 1991, her future biographer Amy Gary of WaterMark Inc., rediscovered the paper-clipped bundles, more than 500 typewritten pages in all, and set about getting the stories published.


title: Margaret Wise Brown

text: Many of Brown's books have been re-issued with new illustrations decades after their original publication. Many more of her books are still in print with the original illustrations. Her books have been translated into several languages; biographies on Brown for children have been written by Leonard S. Marcus (Harper Paperbacks, 1999), Jill C. Wheeler (Checkerboard Books, 2006), and Amy Gary (Flatiron Books, 2017). There is a Freudian analysis of her "classic series" of bunny books by Claudia H. Pearson, "Have a Carrot" (Look Again Press, 2010).


title: Margaret Wise Brown

text: During her lifetime, Brown essentially had four publishers: Harper & Brothers, W. R. Scott, Doubleday, and Little Golden Books. The books written for Doubleday were published under the pseudonym "Golden MacDonald". All were unpaged picture books illustrated by Leonard Weisgard. Two appeared after her death.


title: Margaret Wise Brown

text: http://www.margaretwisebrownarchive.com Fan website with Bibliography includes Adapted Stories, Articles & Essays, Anthologies, Biographies, Collections, Ghost Written ,Periodicals,Picture Books all with Pictures of covers.


title: Seamus Dever

text: Seamus Patrick Dever (born July 27, 1976) is an American actor known for his role as Detective Kevin Ryan in the ABC series "Castle".


title: Seamus Dever

text: Dever was born in Flint, Michigan, and moved at the age of six to Bullhead City, Arizona, where he grew up. He graduated as valedictorian of Mohave High School, completed his undergraduate studies at Northern Arizona University, and holds MFAs in Acting from the Moscow Art Theatre and Carnegie-Mellon University.


title: Seamus Dever

text: A lifetime member of the Actors Studio, Dever married the future Juliana Dever on May 27, 2006. Juliana played Jenny Ryan, Ryan's wife, on "Castle". He is a cousin of Broadway actress Jeanne Arnold and Canadian singer-songwriter Feist.


title: Seamus Dever

text: Dever also starred in a celebrity episode of the American version of "The Chase", in Season 3 (2014), where he scored 11 questions in the preliminaries and led a team with Dean Cain to defeat the Chaser, Mark Labbett.


title: 2022 New Orleans Saints season

text: The 2022 season is the New Orleans Saints' 56th in the National Football League (NFL), their 47th playing home games at the Caesars Superdome and their first under head coach Dennis Allen.


title: 2022 New Orleans Saints season

text: Long-time head coach Sean Payton announced his retirement shortly after the Saints 2021 season ended on January 25, 2022. In his 16 years as head coach, Payton led the Saints to seven NFC South titles, nine playoff appearances, and to the franchise's first and only Super Bowl title in Super Bowl XLIV. Prior to his departure, Payton was also the second-longest active tenured head coach in the NFL, only behind Bill Belichick of the New England Patriots. On February 8, 2022, Allen was announced as the next head coach.


title: 2022 New Orleans Saints season

text: The Saints failed to improve from their 9–8 season from last year after a loss to the San Francisco 49ers in Week 12, and after another loss to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers the next week, the Saints clinched their first losing season since 2016.


title: 2022 New Orleans Saints season

text: On May 4, the NFL announced that the Saints played the Minnesota Vikings during Week 4 on October 2 at Tottenham Hotspur Stadium in London, as part of the league's International Series. The game kickoff at 2:30 p.m. BST/8:30 a.m. CDT, and was televised by the NFL Network, with the Saints serving as the home team.


title: 2022 New Orleans Saints season

text: Although the Saints trailed by 16 points early in the fourth quarter, Jameis Winston led the team to 17 unanswered points, culminating in a 51-yard game-winning field goal from Wil Lutz. The Falcons had the chance to retake the lead in the last second, but Payton Turner blocked their field goal attempt to seal the win and start off the Saints' season at 1–0.


title: 2022 New Orleans Saints season

text: In the fourth quarter, Marshon Lattimore and Mike Evans got into a fight at midfield, resulting in both players being ejected. The Saints lost to Tampa Bay for the first time since the 2018 season, it is also the first time since the 2017 season that they lost to a side quarterbacked by Tom Brady.


title: 2022 New Orleans Saints season

text: Even though the Saints scored 14 points in the 4th quarter, they still lost to the Panthers in Week 3 for the first time since the 2015 season.


title: 2022 New Orleans Saints season

text: Hoping to grab a second win, the Saints flew to London to host the Minnesota Vikings. This was the first time the Saints had played in the United Kingdom since the 2017 season and their first International Series game as the home team since 2008. After trailing for most of the game, the Saints took the lead in the fourth quarter through a Taysom Hill touchdown run. Justin Jefferson put the Vikings back in front five minutes later, only for Greg Joseph to miss the extra point, allowing Wil Lutz to tie the game with a career-long 60-yard field goal. Joseph put the Vikings back in front again with a 47-yard kick after a long reception by Jefferson with less than 30 seconds to play, only for a Chris Olave catch to put the Saints in range of another game-tying field goal from 61 yards; however, Lutz's kick bounced back off the left upright and the crossbar to give the Vikings a 28–25 win. It was the Saints' first loss to the Vikings since 2017, giving them their worst start to a season since 2016.


title: 2022 New Orleans Saints season

text: After their close loss to the Vikings, the Saints flew back home to the Superdome for their Week 5 matchup against the Seattle Seahawks. Andy Dalton started his second game at quarterback, but it was utility player Taysom Hill that stole the show in the Superdome that afternoon, who helped guide New Orleans to victory over the fiesty Seahawks 39–32 thanks to a phenomenal 3-touchdown performance from him, the last of which being a 60-yard run that put the Saints ahead for good. With the thrilling win, the Saints improved to 2–3.


title: 2022 New Orleans Saints season

text: Andy Dalton would start his third straight game, this time facing off against his former team. Though the Saints found themselves holding a two-score lead twice during the game, the Bengals pulled out a late fourth quarter comeback victory on a 60-yard touchdown pass from Joe Burrow to Ja'Marr Chase. On a botched 4th down conversion play, Eli Apple made a hit on Marquez Callaway which was controversially not flagged. The Saints were defeated 26–30, and fell to 2–4 on the year.


title: 2022 New Orleans Saints season

text: Andy Dalton started for the fourth straight game for the Saints on "Thursday Night Football" against the Cardinals. Although he would pass for four touchdowns, he threw three costly interceptions, two of which were returned for touchdowns in a span of about a minute near the end of the first half. The Cardinals found themselves up 28–14 because of these key defensive plays despite trailing New Orleans 14–6 at the start of the second quarter. The Cardinals would continue their dominance throughout the third quarter, holding the Saints to a field goal while scoring a touchdown of their own to go up 35–17, their largest lead of the night. In the fourth quarter, despite a late Saints rally in which they outscored Arizona 17–7 to cut the lead to just 8, the Cardinals held on for a thrilling 42–34 victory. The loss marked the first time since the 2015 season that the Saints were beaten by the Cardinals.


title: 2022 New Orleans Saints season

text: Andy Dalton started his fifth straight game of the season with Jameis Winston still out with an injury. Against the Raiders, the Saints thoroughly dominated them in front of a raucous capacity crowd of Saints fans in the Superdome, shutting them out 24–0. Dalton recorded a pair of passing touchdowns, both of which went to Alvin Kamara, who also logged a rushing touchdown to cap off a brilliant day for the star running back. The Saints defense smothered a Raiders offense that had put up a season-high 38 points the previous week, only allowing them to cross midfield once late in the game.


title: 2022 New Orleans Saints season

text: With the dominant win, the Saints improved to 3–5. They also defeated the Raiders for the first time since the 2012 season.


title: 2022 New Orleans Saints season

text: Following their win against the Raiders, the Saints stayed home to face off against the Baltimore Ravens in a Week 9 contest on "Monday Night Football". For the sixth straight game, Andy Dalton was named the starting quarterback for the team. The Saints found themselves in a big 14–0 deficit early on in the first half, courtesy of a Lamar Jackson passing touchdown and a Kenyan Drake rushing touchdown. The Saints would get their first points off the night off a Wil Lutz field goal to cut the deficit to 11 as time expired in the first half. In the third quarter, Justin Tucker would kick his first field goal of the night to make the score 17–3, but the Saints answered right back with a second Lutz field goal to make the score 17–6. In the fourth quarter however, the Ravens would put the game away as Tucker nailed his second field goal of the game, followed by another Kenyan Drake touchdown to make it a 21-point deficit for the Saints. A late touchdown pass from Dalton to Juwan Johnson made the final score 27–13, Ravens.


title: 2022 New Orleans Saints season

text: After a tough loss to the Baltimore Ravens, they travel to Acrisure Stadium to take on the Pittsburgh Steelers. With the loss, the Saints drop to 3–7 on the year and it was the first time since 2006 that they were defeated by the Steelers.


title: 2022 New Orleans Saints season

text: They return to the Superdome to take on the Los Angeles Rams. It has been four years since New Orleans played them at home, including the aforementioned NFC Championship. With the win over the Rams, the Saints improve to 4–7 on the year. It was the first time since the 2018 season in which New Orleans defeated the Los Angeles Rams.


title: 2022 New Orleans Saints season

text: They meet with the San Francisco 49ers on the road. After Kamara fumbled twice, the Saints struggled to hold off Jimmy Garoppolo and his offense. They didn't even score points, thus snapping their streak without being shut out. This loss brought the Saints record down to 4–8.


title: 2022 New Orleans Saints season

text: The Saints traveled to Tampa for their second matchup against their division rival, the Buccaneers. They were unable to hold on as they were swept by the Buccaneers for the first time since the 2007 season. With the loss, the Saints fell to 4–9, securing the franchise its first losing season since 2016.


title: 2022 New Orleans Saints season

text: The Saints host the Falcons in the Superdome. In Week 1, they defeated them with a 51-yard field goal and a kick block. With the victory, not only did the Saints sweep Atlanta, but they also improve to their 5-9 record.


title: Chris Bryant

text: Christopher John Bryant (born 11 January 1962) is a British politician and former Anglican priest who is the Chair of the Committees on Standards and Privileges. He previously served in government as Deputy Leader of the House of Commons from 2008 to 2009 and Under-Secretary of State for Europe and Asia from 2009 to 2010, and in the Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Culture Secretary and Shadow Leader of the House of Commons from 2015 to 2016. He has been the Labour Member of Parliament (MP) for Rhondda since 2001.


title: Chris Bryant

text: Born in Cardiff, Bryant was privately educated at Cheltenham College before studying English at Mansfield College, Oxford. After graduating with a further degree in theology, he worked as a Church of England priest as well as having roles at the BBC and Common Purpose. He was elected for Rhondda at the 2001 general election.


title: Chris Bryant

text: Chris Bryant was born in Cardiff, Wales, to a Scottish mother and a Welsh father. Bryant grew up in Cardiff (where his father worked for five years), Spain for five years in the 1960s (leading to his speaking fluent Spanish), and Cheltenham, Gloucestershire. He was educated at Cheltenham College, an independent school for boys in Cheltenham, and at Mansfield College, Oxford, where he read English.


title: Chris Bryant

text: Although initially a member of the Conservative Party, and an elected office-holder in the Oxford University Conservative Association, he joined the Labour Party in 1986 after leaving Oxford.


title: Chris Bryant

text: After completing his first degree, Bryant began his training to be a priest in the Church of England at Ripon College Cuddesdon in Oxfordshire. There, he obtained a further degree in theology.


title: Chris Bryant

text: He was ordained deacon in 1986 and priest in 1987. He served as a curate at the Church of All Saints, High Wycombe from 1986 to 1989 and then as a Youth Chaplain in Peterborough, as well as travelling in Latin America.


title: Chris Bryant

text: In 1991, Bryant left the ordained ministry, after deciding that being gay and being a priest were incompatible. Statements made by Richard Harries, the then-Bishop of Oxford also influenced his decision.


title: Chris Bryant

text: After leaving the priesthood in 1991, Bryant made a radical career move and began work as the election agent to the Holborn and St Pancras Constituency Labour Party, where he helped Frank Dobson hold his seat in the 1992 general election. From 1993, he was Local Government Officer for the Labour Party; he lived in Hackney and was elected to Hackney Borough Council in 1993, representing Leabridge ward and serving until 1998. He became Chairman of the Christian Socialist Movement. From 1994 to 1996, he was London manager of the charity Common Purpose.


title: Chris Bryant

text: In 1996, he became a full-time author, writing biographies of Stafford Cripps and Glenda Jackson. He was Labour candidate for Wycombe in the 1997 general election (where he lost by 2,370 votes), and Head of European Affairs for the BBC from 1998.


title: Chris Bryant

text: His selection for the very safe Labour seat of Rhondda in South Wales in 2000 surprised many people given Bryant's background – gay, a former Anglican cleric, and someone who had been a Conservative as a student. He says of his surprise selection, "I fell off the chair, and my opponents certainly did". Fifty-two people applied for the candidature and a local councillor was hot favourite to win. He retained the seat comfortably at the 2001 general election with a 16,047 majority, one of the largest in the country.


title: Chris Bryant

text: In 2003, Bryant voted for participation in the Iraq war. He is a member of the Labour Friends of Israel and Labour Friends of Palestine and the Middle East group.


title: Chris Bryant

text: From 2004 until 2007, Bryant was chairman of the Labour Movement for Europe, succeeded by Mary Creagh MP. Bryant is a signatory of the Henry Jackson Society principles.


title: Chris Bryant

text: On 5 September 2006, with Siôn Simon, he co-ordinated a prominent letter which was signed by 15 Labour backbenchers calling for Tony Blair's immediate resignation.


title: Chris Bryant

text: Bryant was the Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for Constitutional Affairs Charlie Falconer. In Gordon Brown's autumn 2008 reshuffle, Bryant was promoted from his role as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Harriet Harman to the ministerial position of Deputy Leader of the House of Commons otherwise known as Parliamentary Secretary to the House of Commons. This was followed by another move in the June 2009 reshuffle, when he moved to the Foreign and Commonwealth Office as the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. On 13 October 2009, he was also appointed Minister for Europe.


title: Chris Bryant

text: In May 2020, Bryant was elected as the Chair of the Commons Select Committee on Standards and Commons Select Committee of Privileges, . In October 2021, he chaired the Standards Committee's decision on the sanction to be applied to Owen Paterson for breaching lobbying rules relating to paid advocacy which triggered the parliamentary second jobs controversy. In April 2022, due to having already expressed views about the Partygate scandal, Bryant recused himself from the subsequent investigation by the Privileges Committee into whether Boris Johnson had committed contempt of parliament over statements to the House of Commons concerning alleged parties.


title: Chris Bryant

text: On 11 March 2003, as part of an Enquiry into Privacy and Press Intrusion by the Commons Select Committee on Culture, Media and Sport, he asked Rebekah Wade (now Brooks) whether she had ever paid police officers for information. Seated beside Andy Coulson, the editor of the "News of the World", she said 'yes'. Bryant had his phone hacked later that year by the "News of the World", a fact which became known to the Metropolitan Police when they seized material from the private investigator Glenn Mulcaire. Bryant, along with John Prescott and Brian Paddick, sought judicial review of the Metropolitan Police in an attempt to force them to contact all the victims of phone hacking by the "News of the World". The Metropolitan Police accepted their liability and he won damages of £30,000 from News International in 2012.


title: Chris Bryant

text: Bryant called for and led the parliamentary debates on referring the phone hacking scandal to the Standards and Privileges Committee on 9 September 2010, and the Emergency Debate on whether there should be a judge led enquiry on 6 July 2011 which led to the setting up of the Leveson Inquiry.


title: Chris Bryant

text: Bryant claimed over £92,000 in expenses over the five years leading up to the 2009 scandal over MPs' expenses. During that time he flipped his second-home expenses twice. He claimed mortgage interest expenses that started at £7,800 per year before rising (after flipping) to £12,000 per year. He also claimed £6,400 in stamp duty and other fees on his most recent purchase, and £6,000 per year in service charges.


title: Chris Bryant

text: In October 2010, Bryant stood as one of 49 candidates for election to the 19 places in the Shadow Cabinet in the internal Labour Party poll, receiving 77 votes, 29th position on the list.


title: Chris Bryant

text: In October 2010, Bryant described the coalition government's housing benefit reforms as poorer people "being socially engineered and sociologically cleansed out of London". The use of the term "cleansing" was criticised by members of the coalition, including deputy prime minister Nick Clegg, who called Bryant's comment "offensive to people who had witnessed ethnic cleansing in other parts of the world".


title: Chris Bryant

text: In 2011, in the House of Commons, he criticised Prince Andrew, Duke of York for a number of alleged indiscretions.


title: Chris Bryant

text: Bryant won the Stonewall Politician of the Year Award in 2011 for his work to support equality for lesbian, gay and bisexual people. He was given a score of 100% in favour of lesbian, gay and bisexual equality by Stonewall. On 5 February 2013, he voted in favour in the House of Commons Second Reading vote on same-sex marriage in Britain.


title: Chris Bryant

text: In December 2014, Bryant was moved from Shadow Minister for Welfare Reform to Shadow Minister for the Arts. In this position, he suggested in January 2015 that too many successful artists such as "James Blunt and their ilk" had been educated at private schools, and that he wanted to see more encouragement for the arts for people from a variety of backgrounds, even though Bryant himself attended a private school. Blunt said that Bryant was a "narrow-minded 'classist gimp' who was motivated by the 'politics of jealousy'"; Bryant responded by claiming that Blunt should not be "so blooming precious" and that he was not "knocking [his] success" but attempting to draw attention to the lack of diversity in the arts.


title: Chris Bryant

text: In September 2015, following Jeremy Corbyn's election as Labour Party leader, Bryant was appointed Shadow Leader of the House of Commons. He resigned from this position on 26 June 2016, along with other shadow ministers after the Brexit vote. He supported Owen Smith in the failed attempt to replace Jeremy Corbyn in the 2016 Labour Party leadership election.


title: Chris Bryant

text: He supported Remain in the EU referendum in June 2016 and voted against the triggering of Article 50 in February 2017.


title: Chris Bryant

text: In January 2017, as ex-chair of the all-party parliamentary group for Russia, Bryant claimed that the Russian government orchestrated a homophobic campaign to remove him from this position, saying that the Russian government has acquired "kompromat" on high-profile Conservative Party MPs including Boris Johnson, Liam Fox, Alan Duncan and David Davis.


title: Chris Bryant

text: On 12 January 2017, Bryant bemused his fellow MPs and Speaker of the House John Bercow, when he wished Bercow happy "kiss a ginger day", during business questions.


title: Chris Bryant

text: In November 2017, Bryant called for the arrest of the President of the United States, Donald Trump, if he travels to the United Kingdom, after the President shared a comment on the social media website Twitter from a member of the far-right group Britain First that related to radical Islamic events. Bryant stated: "The Prime Minister should make it absolutely clear that if Donald Trump comes to this country he'll be arrested for inciting religious hatred and therefore he'd be better off not coming at all."


title: Chris Bryant

text: Following John Bercow's resignation as Speaker of the House of Commons on 31 October 2019, Bryant stood in the election a new speaker on 4 November 2019, losing to Lindsay Hoyle by 213 to 325.


title: Chris Bryant

text: In December 2020, Bryant became engaged in a row with the Commons speaker, Lindsay Hoyle. The disturbance started with Bryant heckling the Prime Minister while standing near to a door. The Speaker informed Bryant that social distancing rules meant he needed to move and he then instructed Bryant to sit in one of the seats intended for use by MPs. Some of those present thought that Bryant then uttered an offensive expletive back to the Speaker although Bryant denied this. Bryant then exited the chamber of the Commons while the Speaker called for him. Some moments after the Speaker had denounced Bryant's "disgraceful behaviour", Bryant returned to the chamber to engage in what appeared to be a heated discussion with the speaker. Hoyle said: "Mr Bryant, I think we need to have this conversation later" and Bryant left the chamber.


title: Chris Bryant

text: In December 2021, Bryant told the BBC in an interview that he felt "less physically safe as a gay man than he did 30 years ago." While denying that Boris Johnson himself was homophobic, he accused those around him of being happy to "stir the pot." As evidence, he cited the government's stance on transgender people and their attitude towards conversion therapy.


title: Chris Bryant

text: Bryant entered into a civil partnership with Jared Cranney on 27 March 2010. The ceremony was the first civil partnership ever held in the Houses of Parliament. They are now married. Bryant lives in Porth in the Rhondda.


title: Chris Bryant

text: He was ridiculed by the press in 2003 when he posted a picture of himself wearing only underpants on a gay dating site, Gaydar. Bryant later reflected upon the affair, saying, "It was a wound but it's a rather charming scar now. I had a period when I barely slept and it was horrible, but I'm very lucky in having a supportive set of friends – MP friends and others – and they looked after me." At the time, the media predicted that he would not survive, and there was much talk of his possible deselection. In 2013, he reflected on the incident, saying that the whole affair actually boosted his majority as an MP.


title: Chris Bryant

text: On 25 September 2006, "The Guardian" ran four spoof diary articles called "Chris Bryant's Manchester Diary". The newspaper later printed a clarification to confirm that these were parodies, and were not written by Bryant.


title: Chris Bryant

text: On 1 May 2022, Bryant stated that he had been groped and "touched up" by older male MPs early in his career in the House of Commons.


title: Hippogriff

text: The hippogriff, or sometimes spelled hippogryph (), is a legendary creature with the front half of an eagle and the hind half of a horse.


title: Hippogriff

text: It was invented by Ludovico Ariosto in his "Orlando Furioso", at the beginning of the 16th century. Within the poem, the hippogriff is a steed born of a mare and a griffin—something considered impossible. It is extremely fast and is presented as being able to fly around the world and to the Moon. It is ridden by magicians and the wandering knight Ruggiero, who, from the creature's back, frees the beautiful Angelica. Astolfo also borrows the hippogriff from Bradamante to go search for Roland's wits.


title: Hippogriff

text: Sometimes depicted on coats of arms, the hippogriff became a subject of visual art in the 19th century, when it was often drawn by Gustave Doré.


title: Hippogriff

text: The word "hippogriff", also spelled "hippogryph", is derived from the , meaning "horse", and the Italian "grifo" meaning "griffin" (from Latin "gryp" or "gryphus"), which denotes another mythical creature, with the head of an eagle and body of a lion, that is purported to be the father of the hippogriff. The word "hippogriff" was adopted into English shortly before 1615.


title: Hippogriff

text: Of the heraldic representations of the hippogriff, Arthur Charles Fox-Davies states that hybrid fantastical creatures' depictions are "ugly, inartistic, and unnecessary. Their representation leaves one with a disappointed feeling of crudity of draughtsmanship." John Vinycomb states that the hippogriff is not used in the British heraldic tradition.


title: Hippogriff

text: According to Vidal, a Spanish historian, this creature was supposed to live near Céret, in the County of Roussillon of modern-day France, during the Middle Ages. Claw marks were found on a rock near Mas Carol. The belief in the existence of the hippogriff, such as Ariosto describes, is fiercely attacked in a scientific essay on religion in 1862, which argues that such an animal can neither be a divine creation, nor truly exist. The Book of Enoch quite clearly details how Satan and his fallen angels created various hybrids by admixture. The Sphinx is the best known such hybrid. The hippogriff is supposed to be a mixture of several animals and the author notes that in order to support its weight, the wings would be so heavy that flight would be impossible, which proves—without question—that it does not exist.


title: Hippogriff

text: In some traditions, the hippogriff is said to be the symbol of love, as its parents, the mare and griffin, are natural enemies. In other traditions, the hippogriff represents Christ's dual nature as both human and divine.


title: Morgan J. Freeman

text: Morgan J. Freeman (born December 5, 1969) is an American film director. In 1997, his debut feature, "Hurricane Streets", won three awards at the Sundance Film Festival.


title: Morgan J. Freeman

text: Freeman was born and raised in Long Beach, California on December 5, 1969. He started making films as a teenager, basing them on the TV series "Miami Vice".


title: Morgan J. Freeman

text: Freeman attended the University of California, Santa Barbara, where he worked for the campus newspaper, the "Daily Nexus". While working for the "Daily Nexus", his article entitled "Violence, arson continue in L.A." won Columbia Scholastic Press Association's 1993 Collegiate Gold Circle Award for news writing and third place in the California Intercollegiate Press Awards. He graduated in 1992 with a B.A. in film studies.


title: Morgan J. Freeman

text: He spent the following year in Amsterdam, working for and studying film theory at the Sorbonne. He later entered New York University's Graduate Film Program where he graduated with a M.F.A. in 1996.


title: Morgan J. Freeman

text: During the summer of 1994 while still enrolled at NYU, Morgan met Todd Solondz while doing an internship. Solondz hired Morgan to work on the crew of his upcoming film, "Welcome to the Dollhouse", where he was promoted from production assistant to second assistant director. The movie went on to win Sundance Film Festival's 1996 Grand Jury Prize Dramatic, but more importantly for Freeman it was during this time he befriended actor Brendan Sexton III, the eventual star of "Hurricane Streets".


title: Morgan J. Freeman

text: "Hurricane Streets" served as Freeman's thesis at New York University, against instruction to avoid using feature films. Sexton III's character from "Welcome to the Dollhouse" inspired Freeman to write "Hurricane Streets", which he originally wanted to name "Hurricane" but was unable due to the closeness to the Denzel Washington feature "The Hurricane".


title: Morgan J. Freeman

text: Freeman submitted his thesis to the Sundance Film Festival, where it became the first film to win three major honors at the 1997 Sundance Film Festival: Audience Award Dramatic, Directing Award Dramatic, Excellence in Cinematography Award Dramatic. The film was bought by MGM at Sundance.


title: Morgan J. Freeman

text: Following the critical success of "Hurricane Streets", Freeman wrote and directed "Desert Blue". The film was distributed by the Samuel Goldwyn Company and re-teamed Freeman with Brendan Sexton III. The film starred Christina Ricci, Casey Affleck, Ethan Suplee, Peter Sarsgaard and Kate Hudson (in her film debut).


title: Morgan J. Freeman

text: In 2000, Freeman wrote and directed "The Cherry Picker" for Showtime starring Janeane Garofalo. He directed several music videos, including two for the breakout indie band Rilo Kiley, and directed the teen hit "Dawson's Creek" for The WB. In 2001, Freeman directed "American Psycho 2" for Lions Gate Entertainment. In 2003, he helmed the independent feature "Piggy Banks", which starred Gabriel Mann, Kelli Garner and Tom Sizemore.


title: Morgan J. Freeman

text: "Just Like the Son" premiered to immediate audience and critical acclaim at the 2006 Tribeca Film Festival, and won the Alice Nella Citta Prize for Best Feature Film at its European debut in Italy at the 2006 Rome Film Festival. The film stars Mark Webber, Brendan Sexton III and Rosie Perez.


title: Morgan J. Freeman

text: Freeman produced the MTV reality TV show "". In 2007, he created and executive produced the television series "Maui Fever", another MTV reality series. He also produced the MTV reality shows "16 and Pregnant", "Teen Mom" and "Teen Mom 2".


title: Jackson Heights, Queens

text: Jackson Heights is a neighborhood in the northwestern portion of the borough of Queens in New York City. Jackson Heights is neighbored by North Corona to the east, Elmhurst to the south, Woodside to the west, northern Astoria (Ditmars-Steinway) to the northwest, and East Elmhurst to the north and northeast. Jackson Heights has an ethnically diverse community, with half the population having been foreign-born since the 2000s. The New York Times has described Jackson Heights as "the most culturally diverse neighborhood in New York, if not on the planet." According to the 2010 United States Census, the neighborhood has a population of 108,152.


title: Jackson Heights, Queens

text: The site of Jackson Heights was a vast marsh named Trains Meadow until 1909 when Edward A. MacDougall's Queensboro Corporation bought of undeveloped land and farms. The Queensboro Corporation named the land Jackson Heights after John C. Jackson, a descendant of one of the original Queens families and a respected Queens entrepreneur. Further development arose through the development of transit, and "garden apartments" and "garden homes" soon became prevalent in Jackson Heights. During the 1960s, Jackson Heights' white middle-class families began moving to the suburbs, and non-white residents began moving in.


title: Jackson Heights, Queens

text: Jackson Heights retains much of its residential character in the modern day. It also has numerous commercial establishments clustered around 37th Avenue, as well as along several side streets served by subway stations. Much of the neighborhood is part of a national historic district called the Jackson Heights Historic District, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. Part of the neighborhood was placed on a New York City historic district of the same name in 1993.


title: Jackson Heights, Queens

text: Jackson Heights is located in Queens Community District 3 and its ZIP Code is 11372. The zip code 11370 is co-named with East Elmhurst. It is patrolled by the New York City Police Department's 115th Precinct. Politically, Jackson Heights is represented by the New York City Council's 21st and 25th districts.


title: Jackson Heights, Queens

text: From colonial times to the 1900s, the area now known as Jackson Heights was a vast marsh named Trains Meadow. Urbanization at the turn of the century was creating a New York City housing shortage and urban sprawl. In 1909, Edward A. MacDougall's Queensboro Corporation bought of undeveloped land and farms and christened them Jackson Heights after John C. Jackson, a descendant of one of the original Queens families and a respected Queens County entrepreneur. Northern Boulevard, a major thoroughfare that bisects the neighborhood, was also originally named Jackson Avenue; the name of this road is still retained in a short stretch between Queens Plaza and Queens–Midtown Tunnel in Long Island City. Though the land was not especially known for its elevation, the addition of the term "Heights" echoed the prestige of the neighborhood of Brooklyn Heights and indicated that Jackson Heights was meant to be an exclusive neighborhood. At that time the area could most easily be reached via a ferry from Manhattan or the Brooklyn Bridge; more direct access came with the Queensboro Bridge in 1909, followed by the elevated IRT Flushing Line—the present-day , just 20 minutes from Midtown Manhattan—in 1917, and the Fifth Avenue Coach Company double-decker coaches in 1922.


title: Jackson Heights, Queens

text: Jackson Heights was conceived as a planned development for middle- to upper-middle income workers looking to escape an overcrowded Manhattan. Inspired by Sir Ebenezer Howard's garden city movement, it was laid out by Edward MacDougall's Queensboro Corporation in 1916 and began attracting residents after the arrival of the Flushing Line in 1917. The Queensboro Corporation coined the name "garden apartment" to convey the concept of apartments built around private parks. Although land for churches was provided, the apartments themselves were limited to White Anglo-Saxon Protestants, excluding Jews, Blacks, and perhaps Greeks and Italians.


title: Jackson Heights, Queens

text: Several of the buildings in Jackson Heights were built by the Queensboro Corporation as part of a planned community located a few blocks off of the Flushing Line between Northern Boulevard and 37th Avenue. Targeted toward the middle class, these multi-story apartment buildings designed in the Colonial Revival and neo-Tudor styles were based on similar ones in Berlin. They were to share garden spaces, have ornate exteriors and features such as fireplaces, parquet floors, sun rooms, and built-in bathtubs with showers; and be cooperatively owned. In addition, the corporation divided the land into blocks and building lots, as well as installed streets, sidewalks, and power, water, and sewage lines.


title: Jackson Heights, Queens

text: The Laurel apartment building on 82nd Street at Northern Boulevard was the first of the Queensboro Corporation buildings in Jackson Heights, completed in 1914 with a small courtyard. The Greystones on either side of 80th Street between 37th and 35th avenues were completed in 1918 with a design by architect George H. Wells. There was leftover unused space, which was converted to parks, gardens, and recreational areas, including a golf course; much of this leftover space, including the golf course, no longer exists. This was followed by the 1919 construction of the Andrew J. Thomas–designed Linden Court, a 10-building complex between 84th Street, 85th Street, 37th Avenue, and Roosevelt Avenue. The two sets of 5 buildings each, separated by a gated garden with linden trees and two pathways, included parking spaces with single-story garages accessed via narrow driveways, the first Jackson Heights development to do so; gaps at regular intervals in the perimeter wall; a layout that provided light and ventilation to the apartments, as well as fostered a sense of belonging to a community; the area's first co-op; and now-prevalent private gardens surrounded by the building blocks.


title: Jackson Heights, Queens

text: The Hampton Gardens, the Château, and the Towers followed in the 1920s. The Château and the Towers, both co-ops on 34th Avenue, had large, airy apartments and were served by elevators. Prior to 1922, elevators were required to have attendants and more modest buildings were constructed as walk-ups not exceeding five floors. The elegant Château cooperative apartment complex, with twelve buildings surrounding a shared garden, was built in the French Renaissance style and have slate mansard roofs pierced by dormer windows, and diaperwork brick walls. At first purely decorative, the shared gardens in later developments included paved spaces where people could meet or sit. The Queensboro Corporation started the Ivy Court, Cedar Court, and Spanish Gardens projects, all designed by Thomas, in 1924.


title: Jackson Heights, Queens

text: The Queensboro Corporation advertised their apartments from 1922 on. On August 28, 1922, the Queensboro Corporation paid $50 to the WEAF radio station to broadcast a ten-minute sales pitch for apartments in Jackson Heights, in what may have been the first "infomercial", opening with a few words about Nathaniel Hawthorne before promoting the corporation's Nathaniel Hawthorne apartments. The ad wanted viewers to:


title: Jackson Heights, Queens

text: Built in 1928, the English Gables line 82nd Street, the main shopping area of Jackson Heights' Hispanic community. There are two developments, called English Gables I and II; they were meant to provide a gateway to the neighborhood for commercial traffic and for passengers from the 82nd Street – Jackson Heights station. A year later, the Robert Morris Apartments, on 37th Avenue between 79th and 80th streets, were constructed. Named after Robert Morris, a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence, the apartments have ample green spaces, original high ceilings, and fireplaces, and are relatively expensive.


title: Jackson Heights, Queens

text: During the Depression, two new buildings were built: Ravenna Court on 37th Avenue between 80th and 81st streets, built in 1929; and Georgian Court three blocks east, between 83rd and 84th streets, built in 1930. The Queensboro Corporation began to build on land that until then had been kept open for community use, including the tennis courts, community garden, and the former golf course—located between 76th and 78th streets and 34th and 37th avenues—all of which were built upon during the 1940s and 1950s. The corporation also began erecting traditional six-story apartment buildings. Dunolly Gardens, the last garden apartment designed by Andrew Thomas, was an exception, a modernistic group of six buildings completed in 1939. The corner windows, considered very innovative in the 1930s, gave the apartments a more spacious feeling, and the landscaped interior courtyard is one of the largest in the historic district. After the 1940s, Jackson Heights' real estate was diversified, with more apartment buildings and cooperatives built with elevators; some new transportation infrastructure were also built.


title: Jackson Heights, Queens

text: In 1929, Holmes Airport opened in the northern section of Jackson Heights that is also considered to be a part of East Elmhurst. Bordering St. Michaels Cemetery to the west, the airfield was also called the Grand Central Air Terminal and Grand Central Airport. Holmes Airport shut down in 1940, one year after LaGuardia Airport opened.


title: Jackson Heights, Queens

text: The neighborhood grew steadily from the 1920s to the 1950s, with construction slowing during the Depression and booming back again after World War II. Holmes Airport operated from 1929 to 1940 on adjacent to the community. Later, its land became veterans' housing and the Bulova watch factory site.


title: Jackson Heights, Queens

text: By 1930, artists from the Manhattan theater district, many of whom were homosexual, had moved into the area, forming the beginnings of the second largest LGBTQ community in New York outside of Manhattan. Jews were allowed to move in by the 1940s. In the 1950s, middle-class businessmen from Colombia, escaping violence and repression in Latin America, brought their financial capital and their families to the community. Following the development of Long Island in the 1960s, Jackson Heights' white middle-class families began moving further out into the suburbs. At the same time the neighborhood experienced an influx of ethnically diverse professionals from Latin America and the Indian subcontinent taking advantage of the 1965 Immigration Reform Act, which allowed them to arrange the immigration of their families. White residents' resistance to integration with African-Americans continued late into the decade, and Junction Boulevard came to be called the "Mason-Dixon Line", as it divided Jackson Heights from the black communities in East Elmhurst and Corona.


title: Jackson Heights, Queens

text: By the mid-1970s, Roosevelt Avenue had become the neighborhood's commercial center and also gained national attention as a place for organized crime. A 1993 "New York Times" article detailed how wire transfer services, located in Jackson Heights, inadvertently enabled Colombian cartels to repatriate, and in the process launder, millions of dollars in drug money to South America alongside customers who used the service to transfer legally earned money. The violence that ensued as a result of the growing Jackson Heights illegal drug trade was described by this excerpt from a 1978 "New York" magazine article titled "Gunfights in the Cocaine Corral":


title: Jackson Heights, Queens

text: By the late 1980s, Jackson Heights had rising real-estate values and a moderate amount of crime compared to other city neighborhoods. Nevertheless, there were still high-profile crimes that reinforced perceptions of the neighborhood as dangerous. In 1990, Julio Rivera, a gay Puerto Rican man, was murdered in a hate crime. His death galvanized the LGBTQ community into protesting his death with a candlelight vigil, the formation of several LGBTQ activist groups, and the foundation of the Queens Pride Parade. Two years later, journalist Manuel de Dios Unanue was murdered after authoring articles in El Diario La Prensa about the proliferation of Colombian cartels embedded within the business community along Roosevelt Avenue. Seeking to distance themselves from the portrayal of Jackson Heights as a crime-ridden neighborhood, some residents argued that de Dios had been technically murdered in the neighboring Elmhurst, as the restaurant where he was attacked was on the south side of Roosevelt Avenue.


title: Jackson Heights, Queens

text: Following the reduction of crime in New York City during the late 1990s, the market for illicit substances that fed the Colombian cocaine industry in Jackson Heights eventually decreased, leading to a reduction in the presence of cartels throughout the neighborhood.


title: Jackson Heights, Queens

text: Community leaders responded to the negative perceptions of Jackson Heights by seeking to have the neighborhood designated as a historic district. In 1988, the Jackson Heights Beautification Group was formed; it organized walking tours as well as beautification activities and commissioned a neighborhood history. Five years later, part of Jackson Heights was made a New York City historic district. The designation, which set architectural guidelines for structures within the designated district, affected both existing buildings and planned new developments within the district.


title: Jackson Heights, Queens

text: Starting in the 2000s, Jackson Heights has become once again a desirable destination for professionals and middle-class families. Some of these residents moved to Jackson Heights for the unique architecture of its buildings, while others move for its cultural diversity.


title: Jackson Heights, Queens

text: Most of the original neighborhood, comprising the garden city apartment buildings, was made a National Register Historic District and a New York State Historic Register District. The Jackson Heights New York State and National Register Districts range from 93rd Street through 69th Street between Northern Boulevard and Roosevelt Avenue. Some property fronting on Northern Boulevard and Roosevelt Avenue, as well as some "cut-outs", are not inside the Register Districts. The national historic district called the Jackson Heights Historic District, includes 2,203 contributing buildings, 19 contributing sites, and three contributing objects. Among the landmarked buildings, over 200 original Queensboro Corporation apartment buildings still exist in Jackson Heights. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.