title: Fascinator

text: A fascinator is a formal headpiece, a style of millinery. Since the 1990s, the term has referred to a type of formal headwear worn as an alternative to the hat; it is usually a large decorative design attached to a band or clip. In contrast to a hat, its function is purely ornamental: it covers very little of the head, and offers little or no protection from the weather. An intermediate form, incorporating a more substantial base to resemble a hat, is sometimes called a hatinator.


title: Fascinator

text: The word "fascinator" is derived from the Latin verb "fascinare" ("to fascinate"), and simply means a thing or person that is enthralling or extremely interesting. Historically, the term was also applied to a person or animal with the (perhaps magical) power of rendering others unable to move or escape.


title: Fascinator

text: It was customary for Christian women in Europe to wear some sort of headcovering. The European fashion of decorating the head with a hat can be traced back to the late Renaissance era of the 16th century. Starting with the Baroque era of the 17th century, head decorations without a hat developed. Queen Marie Antoinette made the fashion of using ostrich feathers as a head decoration popular among the European royal courts. Increased trade with Africa meant ostrich feathers were becoming more readily available to be used in fashion items, although this was still costly and therefore affordable only to the aristocracy and upper class.


title: Fascinator

text: In the mid-19th-century United States, the term "fascinator" was first applied to headwear. In this context, a fascinator was a lightweight hood or scarf worn about the head and tied under the chin, typically knitted or crocheted. The earliest citation identified by the "Oxford English Dictionary" for the use of the word in this sense is from an advertisement in the "Daily National Intelligencer" of December 1853. The fascinator was made from soft, lightweight yarns and may originally have been called a "cloud". The "cloud" is described in 1871 as being "a light scarf of fine knitting over the head and round the neck, [worn] instead of an opera hood when going out at night". The fascinator went out of fashion in the 1930s, by which time it described a lacy hood similar to a "fussy balaclava". Apart from the common terminology, these fascinators bore no relationship to the modern headpiece.


title: Fascinator

text: The use of the term "fascinator" to describe a particular form of late-20th- and early-21st-century millinery emerged towards the end of the late 20th century, possibly as a term for 1990s designs inspired by the small 1960s cocktail hats, which were designed to perch upon the highly coiffed hairstyles of the period. The "Oxford English Dictionary" cites a use of the word (in quotation marks) from the "Australian Women's Weekly" of January 1979, but here it appears to have been used in a slightly variant sense, to describe a woman's hat incorporating a small veil (in other words, a cocktail hat). However, the term was certainly in use in its modern sense by 1999.


title: Fascinator

text: Although they did not give the style its name, the milliners Stephen Jones and Philip Treacy are credited with having established and popularised fascinators in 20th-century couture.


title: Fascinator

text: Today, a fascinator is worn on occasions where hats are customary, sometimes serving as an evening accessory, when it may be called a cocktail hat. It is generally worn with fairly formal attire. In addition, fascinators are frequently worn by women as a Christian headcovering during church services, especially weddings.


title: Fascinator

text: A substantial fascinator is a fascinator of some size or bulk. Bigger than a barrette, modern fascinators are commonly made with feathers, flowers or beads. They need to be attached to the hair by a comb, headband or clip. They are particularly popular at premium horse-racing events, such as the Grand National, Kentucky Derby and the Melbourne Cup. Brides may choose to wear them as an alternative to a bridal veil or hat, particularly if their gowns are non-traditional.


title: Fascinator

text: At the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton in April 2011, various female guests arrived wearing fascinators. Among them was Princess Beatrice of York, who wore a piece designed by the Irish milliner Philip Treacy. The unusual shape and colour caused quite a media stir and went on to become an internet phenomenon with its own Facebook page. Princess Beatrice used the publicity to auction it off on eBay, where it garnered €99,000 for charity.


title: Fascinator

text: In 2012, Royal Ascot announced that women would have to wear hats, not fascinators, as part of a tightening of the dress code in Royal Ascot's Royal Enclosure. In previous years, female racegoers were simply advised that "many ladies wear hats".


title: Fascinator

text: The term "hatinator", which emerged in the early 2010s, is used to describe headgear that combines the features of a hat and a fascinator. The hatinator is fastened on the head with a band like a fascinator, but has the appearance of a hat, while a fascinator is much smaller and normally does not go over the sides of the head. The particular style of headgear favoured by the Princess of Wales, is sometimes described as a hatinator.


title: Yemọja

text: Yemanjá (; also: yemoya, yemaya; there are many different transliterations in other languages) is a major water spirit from the Yoruba religion. She is the mother of all Orishas. She is an orisha, in this case patron spirit of rivers, particularly the Ogun River in Nigeria; and oceans in Cuban and Brazilian orisa religions. She is often syncretized with either Our Lady of Regla in the Afro-Cuban diaspora or various other Virgin Mary figures of the Catholic Church, a practice that emerged during the era of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade. Yemanjá is said to be motherly and strongly protective, and to care deeply for all her children, comforting them and cleansing them of sorrow. She is said to be able to cure infertility in women, and cowrie shells represent her wealth. She does not easily lose her temper, but when angered she can be quite destructive and violent, as the flood waters of turbulent rivers.


title: Yemọja

text: Yemanjá is often depicted as a mermaid, and is associated with the moon (in some diaspora communities), water, and feminine mysteries. She is the protector of women. She governs everything pertaining to women; parenting, child safety, love, and healing. According to myth, when her waters broke, it caused a great flood creating rivers and streams and the first mortal humans were created from her womb.


title: Yemọja

text: In traditional Yoruba culture and spirituality, "Yemọja" is a mother spirit; patron spirit of women, especially pregnant women; She is the patron deity of the Ogun river (Odò Ògùn) but she has other rivers that are dedicated to her throughout Yorùbáland. In addition, she is also worshipped at almost any stream, creek, springs in addition to wells and run-offs.


title: Yemọja

text: Her name is a contraction of the Yoruba words "Iye", meaning "mother"; "ọmọ", meaning "child"; and "ẹja", meaning "fish"; roughly translated the term means "mother of fish children". This represents the vastness of her motherhood, her fecundity, and her reign over all living things.


title: Yemọja

text: The river deity Yemoja is often portrayed as a mermaid, even in West Africa, and she can visit all other bodies of water, but her home and the realm she owns are rivers and streams, especially the Ogun River in Nigeria.


title: Yemọja

text: River deities in Yorubaland include Yemo̩ja, Ọ̀ṣun (Oshun), Erinlè̩, Ọbà, Yewa, etc. It is Olókun that fills the role of sea deity in Yorubaland, while Yemoja is a leader of the other river deities.


title: Yemọja

text: In West Africa, Yemoja is worshipped as a high-ranking river deity, but in Brazil and Cuba she is worshipped mainly as a sea/ocean goddess.


title: Yemọja

text: In Candomblé and Umbanda Yemanjá is one of the seven Orixás. White roses are used as a ritual offering. She is the "Queen of the Ocean", the patron spirit of the fishermen and the survivors of shipwrecks, the feminine principle of creation, and the spirit of moonlight. Saturday is the consecrated day of Yemanjá.


title: Yemọja

text: In Brazil Yemanjá is syncretized with Our Lady of Navigators (Nossa Senhora dos Navegantes) and Our Lady of the Conception (Nossa Senhora de Conceição).


title: Yemọja

text: Sacred objects associated with Yemanjá that are placed in the pegi, the room or space dedicated to an orixá, include:


title: Yemọja

text: Guinea fowl, ducks, hens, she-goat are sacrificed ("orô") on festival days associated with Yemanjá in the Candomblé tradition. Animals sacrificed to Yemonja must be thrown in the water for their disposal.


title: Yemọja

text: In Santería or regla de ocha, Yemayá is the mother of all living things as well as the owner of the oceans and seas.


title: Yemọja

text: When a Yemayá is born it ritually eats duck, but after that only Assesú road has that bird sacrificed to her. The other feathers sacrificed are roosters and rams as four legged animals.


title: Yemọja

text: In Montevideo, worshippers gather on Ramirez Beach in the Parque Rodo neighborhood every February 2 to celebrate Iemanjá Day. Hundreds of thousands sit waiting for the sunset before they launch small boats with offerings into the ocean.


title: Yemọja

text: In 2015, the Uruguayan government estimated that 100,000 people had visited the beach for the celebrations.


title: Rule of 72

text: In finance, the rule of 72, the rule of 70 and the rule of 69.3 are methods for estimating an investment's doubling time. The rule number (e.g., 72) is divided by the interest percentage per period (usually years) to obtain the approximate number of periods required for doubling. Although scientific calculators and spreadsheet programs have functions to find the accurate doubling time, the rules are useful for mental calculations and when only a basic calculator is available.


title: Rule of 72

text: These rules apply to exponential growth and are therefore used for compound interest as opposed to simple interest calculations. They can also be used for decay to obtain a halving time. The choice of number is mostly a matter of preference: 69 is more accurate for continuous compounding, while 72 works well in common interest situations and is more easily divisible.


title: Rule of 72

text: There are a number of variations to the rules that improve accuracy. For periodic compounding, the "exact" doubling time for an interest rate of "r" percent per period is


title: Rule of 72

text: where "t" is the number of periods required. The formula above can be used for more than calculating the doubling time. If one wants to know the tripling time, for example, replace the constant 2 in the numerator with 3. As another example, if one wants to know the number of periods it takes for the initial value to rise by 50%, replace the constant 2 with 1.5.


title: Rule of 72

text: To estimate the number of periods required to double an original investment, divide the most convenient "rule-quantity" by the expected growth rate, expressed as a percentage.


title: Rule of 72

text: Similarly, to determine the time it takes for the value of money to halve at a given rate, divide the rule quantity by that rate.


title: Rule of 72

text: The value 72 is a convenient choice of numerator, since it has many small divisors: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, and 12. It provides a good approximation for annual compounding, and for compounding at typical rates (from 6% to 10%); the approximations are less accurate at higher interest rates.


title: Rule of 72

text: For continuous compounding, 69 gives accurate results for any rate, since ln(2) is about 69.3%; see derivation below. Since daily compounding is close enough to continuous compounding, for most purposes 69, 69.3 or 70 are better than 72 for daily compounding. For lower annual rates than those above, 69.3 would also be more accurate than 72. For higher annual rates, 78 is more accurate.


title: Rule of 72

text: Note: The most accurate value on each row is in italics, and the most accurate of the simpler rules in bold.


title: Rule of 72

text: An early reference to the rule is in the "Summa de arithmetica" (Venice, 1494. Fol. 181, n. 44) of Luca Pacioli (1445–1514). He presents the rule in a discussion regarding the estimation of the doubling time of an investment, but does not derive or explain the rule, and it is thus assumed that the rule predates Pacioli by some time.


title: Rule of 72

text: For higher rates, a larger numerator would be better (e.g., for 20%, using 76 to get 3.8 years would be only about 0.002 off, where using 72 to get 3.6 would be about 0.2 off). This is because, as above, the rule of 72 is only an approximation that is accurate for interest rates from 6% to 10%.


title: Rule of 72

text: The Eckart–McHale second-order rule (the E-M rule) provides a multiplicative correction for the rule of 69.3 that is very accurate for rates from 0% to 20%, whereas the rule is normally only accurate at the lowest end of interest rates, from 0% to about 5%.


title: Rule of 72

text: For example, if the interest rate is 18%, the rule of 69.3 gives "t" = 3.85 years, which the E-M rule multiplies by formula_7 (i.e. 200/ (200−18)) to give a doubling time of 4.23 years. As the actual doubling time at this rate is 4.19 years, the E-M rule thus gives a closer approximation than the rule of 72.


title: Rule of 72

text: To obtain a similar correction for the rule of 70 or 72, one of the numerators can be set and the other adjusted to keep their product approximately the same. The E-M rule could thus be written also as


title: Rule of 72

text: In these variants, the multiplicative correction becomes 1 respectively for r=2 and r=8, the values for which the rules of 70 and 72 are most accurate.


title: Rule of 72

text: The third-order Padé approximant gives a more accurate answer over an even larger range of "r", but it has a slightly more complicated formula:


title: Rule of 72

text: where formula_13 is the present value, formula_14 is the number of time periods, and formula_15 stands for the interest rate per time period.


title: Rule of 72

text: If "r" is small, then ln(1 + "r") approximately equals "r" (this is the first term in the Taylor series). That is, the latter factor grows slowly when formula_15 is close to zero.


title: Rule of 72

text: Call this latter factor formula_21. The function formula_22 is shown to be accurate in the approximation of formula_14 for a small, positive interest rate when formula_24 (see derivation below). formula_25, and we therefore approximate time formula_14 as:


title: Rule of 72

text: This approximation increases in accuracy as the compounding of interest becomes continuous (see derivation below). formula_29 is formula_15 written as a percentage.


title: Rule of 72

text: In order to derive the more precise adjustments presented above, it is noted that formula_31 is more closely approximated by formula_32 (using the second term in the Taylor series). formula_33 can then be further simplified by Taylor approximations:


title: Rule of 72

text: Replacing the ""R"" in "R"/200 on the third line with 7.79 gives 72 on the numerator. This shows that the rule of 72 is most accurate for periodically compounded interests around 8%. Similarly, replacing the ""R"" in "R"/200 on the third line with 2.02 gives 70 on the numerator, showing the rule of 70 is most accurate for periodically compounded interests around 2%.


title: Hardware security module

text: A hardware security module (HSM) is a physical computing device that safeguards and manages secrets (most importantly digital keys), performs encryption and decryption functions for digital signatures, strong authentication and other cryptographic functions. These modules traditionally come in the form of a plug-in card or an external device that attaches directly to a computer or network server. A hardware security module contains one or more secure cryptoprocessor chips.


title: Hardware security module

text: HSMs may have features that provide tamper evidence such as visible signs of tampering or logging and alerting, or tamper resistance which makes tampering difficult without making the HSM inoperable, or tamper responsiveness such as deleting keys upon tamper detection. Each module contains one or more secure cryptoprocessor chips to prevent tampering and bus probing, or a combination of chips in a module that is protected by the tamper evident, tamper resistant, or tamper responsive packaging.


title: Hardware security module

text: A vast majority of existing HSMs are designed mainly to manage secret keys. Many HSM systems have means to securely back up the keys they handle outside of the HSM. Keys may be backed up in wrapped form and stored on a computer disk or other media, or externally using a secure portable device like a smartcard or some other security token.


title: Hardware security module

text: HSMs are used for real time authorization and authentication in critical infrastructure thus are typically engineered to support standard high availability models including clustering, automated failover, and redundant field-replaceable components.


title: Hardware security module

text: A few of the HSMs available in the market have the capability to execute specially developed modules within the HSM's secure enclosure. Such an ability is useful, for example, in cases where special algorithms or business logic has to be executed in a secured and controlled environment. The modules can be developed in native C language, .NET, Java, or other programming languages. Further, upcoming next-generation HSMs can handle more complex tasks such as loading and running full operating systems and COTS software without requiring customization and reprogramming. Such unconventional designs overcome existing design and performance limitations of traditional HSMs. While providing the benefit of securing application-specific code, these execution engines protect the status of an HSM's FIPS or Common Criteria validation.


title: Hardware security module

text: Due to the critical role they play in securing applications and infrastructure, general purpose HSMs and/or the cryptographic modules are typically certified according to internationally recognized standards such as Common Criteria (e.g. using Protection Profile EN 419 221-5, "Cryptographic Module for Trust Services") or FIPS 140 (currently the 3rd version, often referred to as FIPS 140-3) to provide users with independent assurance that the design and implementation of the product and cryptographic algorithms are sound. Although the highest level of FIPS 140 security certification attainable is Security Level 4, most of the HSMs have Level 3 certification. In the Common Criteria system the highest EAL (Evaluation Assurance Level) is EAL7, most of the HSMs have EAL4+ certification. When used in financial payments applications, the security of an HSM is often validated against the HSM requirements defined by the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council.


title: Hardware security module

text: A hardware security module can be employed in any application that uses digital keys. Typically the keys would be of high value - meaning there would be a significant, negative impact to the owner of the key if it were compromised.


title: Hardware security module

text: HSMs are also deployed to manage transparent data encryption keys for databases and keys for storage devices such as disk or tape.


title: Hardware security module

text: HSMs provide both logical and physical protection of these materials, including cryptographic keys, from disclosure, non-authorized use, and potential adversaries.


title: Hardware security module

text: HSMs support both symmetric and asymmetric (public-key) cryptography. For some applications, such as certificate authorities and digital signing, the cryptographic material is asymmetric key pairs (and certificates) used in public-key cryptography. With other applications, such as data encryption or financial payment systems, the cryptographic material consists mainly of symmetric keys.


title: Hardware security module

text: Some HSM systems are also hardware cryptographic accelerators. They usually cannot beat the performance of hardware-only solutions for symmetric key operations. However, with performance ranges from 1 to 10,000 1024-bit RSA signs per second, HSMs can provide significant CPU offload for asymmetric key operations. Since the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is recommending the use of 2,048 bit RSA keys from year 2010, performance at longer key sizes has become more important. To address this issue, most HSMs now support elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), which delivers stronger encryption with shorter key lengths.


title: Hardware security module

text: In PKI environments, the HSMs may be used by certification authorities (CAs) and registration authorities (RAs) to generate, store, and handle asymmetric key pairs. In these cases, there are some fundamental features a device must have, namely:


title: Hardware security module

text: On the other hand, device performance in a PKI environment is generally less important, in both online and offline operations, as Registration Authority procedures represent the performance bottleneck of the Infrastructure.


title: Hardware security module

text: Specialized HSMs are used in the payment card industry. HSMs support both general-purpose functions and specialized functions required to process transactions and comply with industry standards. They normally do not feature a standard API.


title: Hardware security module

text: Typical applications are transaction authorization and payment card personalization, requiring functions such as:


title: Hardware security module

text: The major organizations that produce and maintain standards for HSMs on the banking market are the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council, ANS X9, and ISO.


title: Hardware security module

text: Performance-critical applications that have to use HTTPS (SSL/TLS), can benefit from the use of an SSL Acceleration HSM by moving the RSA operations, which typically requires several large integer multiplications, from the host CPU to the HSM device. Typical HSM devices can perform about 1 to 10,000 1024-bit RSA operations/second. Some performance at longer key sizes is becoming increasingly important. To address this issue, some HSMs now support ECC. Specialized HSM devices can reach numbers as high as 20,000 operations per second.


title: Hardware security module

text: An increasing number of registries use HSMs to store the key material that is used to sign large zonefiles. OpenDNSSEC is an open-source tool that manages signing DNS zone files.


title: Hardware security module

text: On January 27, 2007, ICANN and Verisign, with support from the U.S. Department of Commerce, started deploying DNSSEC for DNS root zones. Root signature details can be found on the Root DNSSEC's website.


title: The Biggest Loser (American TV series)

text: The Biggest Loser is an American competition reality show that initially ran on NBC for 17 seasons from 2004 to 2016 before moving to USA Network in 2020. The show features obese or overweight contestants competing to win a cash prize by losing the highest percentage of weight relative to their initial weight.


title: The Biggest Loser (American TV series)

text: Each season of "The Biggest Loser" starts the 30-week competition with a weigh-in to determine the contestants' starting weights, which serve as the baseline for determining the overall winner.


title: The Biggest Loser (American TV series)

text: The contestants are grouped into teams of three, each wearing separate colored T-shirts. Depending on the season a team may work with a specific trainer or all trainers may work with all contestants. The trainers are responsible (in conjunction with medical personnel retained by the show) for designing comprehensive workout and nutrition plans and teaching them to the contestants. However, the contestants are individually responsible for implementing the principles taught.


title: The Biggest Loser (American TV series)

text: During an episode, various challenges and temptations (see below) are featured. Those who win a particular challenge are given special privileges, such as a weight advantage for the next weigh-in or even full immunity from being voted off the show.


title: The Biggest Loser (American TV series)

text: Each week culminates in another weigh-in to determine which team has lost the most weight for that week, in percentage of total weight lost. The team that has lost the least percentage during that week (known as "falling below the yellow line", which refers to a line featured on a video screen showing the cutoff between safety and being at-risk) will have one member voted off (unless the team consists of only one remaining member, in which case there is no vote). The vote is usually made by the other teams, though some episodes feature one team making the decision alone. Some episodes feature a second, "red line"; if a contestant falls below the red line the contestant is automatically off the show with no vote. Other episodes allow for the contestants, if successfully meeting a goal at the weigh-in, to all receive immunity for the week.


title: The Biggest Loser (American TV series)

text: When the number of contestants has shrunk to a predetermined smaller number (unknown to the contestants), the teams are dissolved and the contestants compete one-on-one against each other.


title: The Biggest Loser (American TV series)

text: The season finale features both the contestants remaining on the show and those sent home early; the latter are brought back for the final show. Those sent home early compete for a smaller prize while those on the show compete for a larger prize and the title of "The Biggest Loser".


title: The Biggest Loser (American TV series)

text: Episodes are typically two hours long. Some episodes have been aired in a shortened one-hour format to accommodate adjacent network programming such as "The Voice" and the State of the Union address. Each episode features some, but not all, of the following activities (some contestants may not participate in an activity with physical requirements if placed on medical restrictions):


title: The Biggest Loser (American TV series)

text: According to LiveScience.com, "physicians and nutritionists worry the show's focus on competitive weight loss is, at best, counterproductive and, at worst, dangerous". Contestants on the show lose upwards of 10 pounds per week (in the very first week, some contestants have lost 20–30+ pounds in that one week alone), whereas the established medical guidelines for safe weight loss are between 1 and 2 pounds per week. This is true even though that weight-loss rate originates from an examination of the database from the National Weight Control Registry, where members have lost a minimum of 30 pounds and maintained that weight loss for a minimum of a year. So while researchers did find a correlation between that rate, on average, with members of the Registry, all this correlation can mean—if there is any causal correlation at all (there is no control group)—is that it is more likely, on average, for someone to be successful at losing a large amount of weight, and more successful at maintaining that weight loss. There is no way of stating whether this rate is more "healthy" than any other rate, simply because there is no comparison with any other rate, and not even any comparison between disease or mortality rates of members of this Registry and any other random group.


title: The Biggest Loser (American TV series)

text: Other health writers take it even further, suggesting that everything from the shows dietary guidelines to workout routines are completely flawed.


title: The Biggest Loser (American TV series)

text: Nutritionist Dr. Barry Sears sums up the wellness paradox: "First, eating less can cause stress to the system causing more hunger. Second, the more people exercise, the hungrier they become." Dr. Sears continues by claiming that "even with the most intense training, people are unlikely to add more than five pounds of muscle in 12 weeks of weight training. The reason viewers see their muscles emerging as the show goes on is because as the layer of fat surrounding the muscles is lost, muscles become more visible. Those muscles were always there but covered by a mass of fat tissue.


title: The Biggest Loser (American TV series)

text: Despite this claim of supervision, however, all contestants are required to sign a waiver that states: "no warranty, representation or guarantee has been made as to the qualifications or credentials of the medical professionals who examine me or perform any procedures on me in connection with my participation in the series, or their ability to diagnose medical conditions that may affect my fitness to participate in the series".


title: The Biggest Loser (American TV series)

text: The weight-loss regimen used in the show—severe caloric restriction combined with up to six hours a day of strenuous exercise—involves risks including a weakening of the heart muscle, irregular heartbeat and dangerous reductions in potassium and electrolytes. Contestants, regardless of their weight, are required to certify that they believe they are "in excellent physical, emotional, psychological and mental health".


title: The Biggest Loser (American TV series)

text: "" included a one-mile foot race in its first week, an event that led to the hospitalization of two of its contestants; Rob Huizenga, the show's medical consultant, when asked about the foot race said that "If we had it to do over, we wouldn’t [have done] it" and noted that in response, the show's producers have "changed a lot of the way [they] do things" (including the close monitoring of contestants’ body temperatures during exercise).


title: The Biggest Loser (American TV series)

text: One attempt to create a more healthy environment after Season 8's dangerous foot race was to include a Pool for low-impact cardio. This helped contestants to lose weight in a healthier and safer way than some previous exercise routines on earlier seasons.


title: The Biggest Loser (American TV series)

text: Because the show is a contest that involves eliminations from it, some contestants are encouraged to take risks that endanger their health. Ryan C. Benson, the winner of the program's first season, publicly admitted that "he dropped some of the weight by fasting and dehydrating himself to the point that he was urinating blood". Also since the show Benson has regained all of his weight, but 10–12 lbs. In 2009, Kai Hibbard (runner-up from the third season) told "The New York Times" that "she and other contestants would drink as little water as possible in the 24 hours before a weigh-in" and would "work out in as much clothing as possible" when the cameras were off. She further stated that two weeks after the show ended, she had regained about 31 pounds, mostly from staying hydrated. In a June 2010 interview, Hibbard said, "I do still struggle [with disordered eating]. I do. My husband says I’m still afraid of food... I’m still pretty messed up from the show."


title: The Biggest Loser (American TV series)

text: According to a report by "The New York Post", California authorities inquired the show due to allegations of doping contestants. The show dismissed these allegations as false and without merit. The show is under internal investigation as of July 2018.


title: The Biggest Loser (American TV series)

text: In 2016, the results of a long-term study by the US National Institute of Health (NIH) were released that documented the weight gain and loss of contestants in Season 8, which aired in 2009. The study found that most of the 16 contestants regained their weight, and in some case gained more than before they entered the contest. Their metabolisms had slowed to the point where they were burning hundreds of calories a day less than other people of their new, reduced size. The "New York Times" reported: "What shocked the researchers was what happened next: As the years went by and the numbers on the scale climbed, the contestants’ metabolisms did not recover... It was as if their bodies were intensifying their effort to pull the contestants back to their original weight." The article quoted Dr. Michael Rosenbaum who said, "The difficulty in keeping weight off reflects biology, not a pathological lack of willpower."


title: The Biggest Loser (American TV series)

text: Seasons two and three of "The Biggest Loser" have been filmed at the Hummingbird Nest Ranch. The ranch is an equestrian estate in Simi Valley, California, northwest of Los Angeles. Recent seasons have been filmed at King Gillette Ranch on Mulholland Highway near Malibu Creek State Park.


title: The Biggest Loser (American TV series)

text: The following table contains records for the American version of "The Biggest Loser". Only records which were officially announced on the show are included.


title: Calathea

text: Calathea is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Marantaceae. They are commonly called calatheas or (like their relatives) prayer plants. About 200 species formerly assigned to "Calathea" are now in the genus "Goeppertia". Calathea currently contains around 60 species. Native to the tropical Americas, many of the species are popular as pot plants due to their decorative leaves and, in some species, colorful inflorescences. The young leaves and bracts can retain pools of water called phytotelmata, that provide habitat for many invertebrates.


title: Calathea

text: Calathea leaves are often large and colorfully patterned. The leaves are often variegated with bright colors such as pink, orange, red, and white. The underside of their leaves are frequently purple. During the night, the leaves fold up. In the morning, the leaves unfurl in search of the morning sun. This phenomenon, known as nyctinasty, is made possible by a small joint the plant possesses between the stem and leaf, called a pulvinus.


title: Calathea

text: Calathea flowers can be yellow, purple, and white and bloom in the summer. The flowers have an asymmetrical structure with three petals and three free sepals. Calathea bracts are often more attractive than its flowers.


title: Calathea

text: Calathea are native to parts of tropical Latin America and were introduced in Hawaii. The species is native to the following countries and regions:


title: Calathea

text: In ample conditions, calatheas can grow up to three feet in height with wide leaves. Though they are slow growers, once they reach their ultimate height they will stop growing.


title: Calathea

text: Like the shady floors of the tropical canopies, this genus prefers low to medium light. Too much direct sunlight can damage their fragile leaves. Signs of too much sun exposure may result in sunburn or dullness in the color of the leaves.


title: Calathea

text: Along with low to indirect light preferences, these plants require high humidity to mimic their natural habitat . Some calatheas are placed in bathrooms, kitchens, and other areas with high-moisture levels. Calatheas prefer temperatures 60°F / 15°C and above to support healthy growth. These plants are also sensitive to cold air. The ideal temperatures range for these plants is 75°F / 23°C to 85°F / 29°C.


title: Calathea

text: Calatheas should be kept moist but not wet. Over or under watering these plants can lead to brown, dry leaves. Calathea are sensitive to minerals found in tap water such as chlorine and fluoride.


title: Calathea

text: Ideal soil conditions for calatheas should be porous and well draining. Drainage is very important for calatheas due to root rot. A light porous soil and pot with a drainage hole will ensure the plant's delicate root system is not over-watered.Calatheas prefer the soil to be moist but not overwatered. The species also prefers an acidic soil pH.


title: Calathea

text: The species was first introduced as a houseplant in the 1970s and 1980s. Over the years, calatheas have become a popular houseplant because of their attractive leaves. Calathea are also grown outdoors in Hawaii and southern Florida. Unlike their wild counterparts, many if not most indoor-kept calathea will not flower.


title: Calathea

text: Plant propagation is the process of creating an offspring of a plant through a mother plant. Calathea achieve propagation through division. To successfully propagate a calathea, one needs to have a healthy established mother plant. After removing the mother plant from its pot, one can gently separate the plant into smaller parts. Once the calathea has been successfully divided, each new grouping must be planted in its own (well-draining) pot. The newly established calathea will soon shoot out new leaves and continue to grow.


title: Calathea

text: In its native range, the large and tough leaves are popular for holding small items. Sometimes, they are used unprocessed, e.g. to wrap fish for transport in parts of Brazil, such as the Benevides region of Pará . In other places, the leaves are used in handicraft to produce containers, such as the quivers of the Nukak people of Colombia . Most famous, perhaps, are the decorative "Calathea"-leaf rice containers produced in some villages of Thailand, especially in Ban Huak (Amphoe Si Bun Rueang) where they are an important source of income and sold to locals and tourists alike .


title: Calathea

text: "Calathea" foliage is of importance to some herbivores, such as the caterpillars of the purple owl ("Caligo beltrao") which feed on "C. zebrina" . For a list of "Calathea" diseases, see List of foliage plant diseases (Marantaceae).


title: Music of the Sun

text: Music of the Sun is the debut studio album by Barbadian singer Rihanna. It was released on August 29, 2005, by Def Jam Recordings. Prior to signing with Def Jam, Rihanna was discovered by record producer Evan Rogers in Barbados, who helped Rihanna record demo tapes to send out to several record labels. Jay-Z, the former chief executive officer (CEO) and president of Def Jam, was given Rihanna's demo by Jay Brown, his A&R at Def Jam, and invited her to audition for the label after hearing what turned out to be her first single, "Pon de Replay". She auditioned for Jay-Z and L.A. Reid, the former CEO and president of record label group The Island Def Jam Music Group, and was signed on the spot to prevent her from signing with another record label.


title: Music of the Sun

text: After Rihanna was signed by Jay-Z, she continued to work with Rogers and his production partner Carl Sturken, as well as other music producers such as Poke and Tone, D. "Supa Dups" Chin-quee, and Stargate. "Music of the Sun" features vocals from Canadian rapper Kardinal Offishall, music group J-Status, and Jamaican singer Vybz Kartel. "Music of the Sun" is a dance-pop, dancehall, and R&B album; it also incorporates Caribbean music and reggae.


title: Music of the Sun

text: "Music of the Sun" received generally mixed reviews from music critics, some of whom complimented its dancehall and Caribbean-inspired songs, while others criticized some of the production. Commercially, the album was a modest success, debuting at number ten on the US "Billboard" 200 and number six on the US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. In addition, it peaked within the top 40 of album charts in Germany, New Zealand, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. It produced two singles – "Pon de Replay" and "If It's Lovin' that You Want" – the former of which peaked at number two on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 and number one on the US Dance Club Songs. "Music of the Sun" was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Rihanna promoted the album along with her next release with her debut concert tour, .


title: Music of the Sun

text: Before signing to Def Jam Recordings, Rihanna was discovered in her home country Barbados by American record producer Evan Rogers. The two met in December 2003 through mutual friends of Rihanna's and Rogers' wife, while the couple was on vacation in Barbados. After meeting for the first time, Rogers asked Rihanna to come to his hotel room, where she performed renditions of Destiny's Child's "Emotion" and Mariah Carey's "Hero". Rihanna's renditions impressed Rogers, who then took her to New York City, where she was accompanied by her mother to record some demo tapes which could be sent to record labels. She recorded the demo over the next year intermittently, due to Rihanna only being able to record during school holidays.


title: Music of the Sun

text: At the age of 16, Rihanna was signed to Rogers' and Carl Sturken's production company, Syndicated Rhythm Productions, who assigned her a lawyer and manager, before the completed demo tape was distributed to various record labels around the world in late 2004. The first to respond to the demo tape was Jay-Z, who had recently been appointed as president and CEO of Def Jam Recordings. Rihanna auditioned for him and music mogul L.A. Reid in his office. Looking back on the audition and meeting Jay-Z, Rihanna explained in an interview how she felt before walking into the room, saying: "That's when I really got nervous... I was like: 'Oh God, he's right there, I can't look, I can't look, I can't look!' I remember being extremely quiet. I was very shy. I was cold the entire time. I had butterflies. I'm sitting across from Jay-Z. Like, Jay-Zee. I was star-struck." During the audition, Rihanna performed Whitney Houston's cover of "For the Love of You", as well as "Pon de Replay" and "The Last Time", which were written and produced by Rogers and Sturken and would be included on her debut album "Music of the Sun".


title: Music of the Sun

text: Jay-Z was initially skeptical about signing Rihanna after he felt "Pon de Replay" was too big for her, saying "when a song is that big, it's hard [for a new artist] to come back from. I don't sign songs, I sign artists". The audition resulted in Rihanna signing a six-album record deal with Def Jam Recordings in February 2005, on the same day of the audition, with Jay-Z saying "There's only two ways out. Out the door after you sign this deal. Or through this window ...", meaning that he was not going to let her leave without signing a record deal.


title: Music of the Sun

text: After signing to Def Jam Recordings, Rihanna cancelled other meetings with record labels and relocated from Barbados to New York City to live with Rogers and his wife. Rihanna explained the concept behind the title of the album to Kidzworld, saying that the sun is representative of her native Caribbean culture as well as herself and that the album consists of music from her heritage.


title: Music of the Sun

text: Rihanna worked with various producers for "Music of the Sun" and continued to work with Carl Sturken and Evan Rogers, who had previously written and produced "Pon de Replay" and "The Last Time" for Rihanna's demo tape. Although Rihanna stated that when she first heard "Pon de Replay", she did not want to record it, expressing that she felt the song was "sing-songy", but grew to like the song at the end of the recording process. In an interview with Kidzworld, Rihanna learned how the pair helped her develop her song-writing abilities, talking about Rogers and Sturken, who had worked with recording artists including Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera and Kelly Clarkson.


title: Music of the Sun

text: "Music of the Sun" is a Caribbean-influenced, "urban" dance-pop album. Its dance-pop songs are complemented by contentional R&B ballads. The lead single "Pon de Replay" was written by Rogers, Sturken and Vada Nobles, and was produced by the first two. "Pon de Replay" is a simple dance-pop song with dancehall beats and reggae vocal cadence. Lyrically, the song has its protagonist asking the DJ to play her favorite song, as well as the fulfillment of dancing in a club. "The Last Time", written and produced by Rogers and Sturken, is an acoustic guitar driven ballad, while "Now I Know" is a stripped down string driven song. In addition to working with Rogers and Sturken for the majority of the album, Rihanna worked with production teams Poke and Tone of Trackmasters and Stargate. The former wrote and produced the second single released from the album, "If It's Lovin' that You Want", which Rihanna described as a "fun song". A R&B song, "If It's Lovin' that You Want" is a song about a girl telling a boy that he should make her his girl, because she has what the boy wants. A remix of the song, entitled "If It's Lovin' That You Want – Part 2", which features rap by Cory Gunz, was included as a bonus track on Rihanna's sophomore studio album, "A Girl like Me" (2006). Alongside Rogers and Sturken, Stargate co-wrote and co-produced "Let Me", which appears as the ninth song on the album. "Music of the Sun" also contains a remake of Jamaican singer Dawn Penn "You Don't Love Me (No, No, No)", and features dancehall recording artist Vybz Kartel.


title: Music of the Sun

text: "Pon de Replay" was released as the album's lead single on May 24, 2005. The song peaked at number one on the New Zealand Singles Chart and at number two on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 and the UK Singles Chart. An accompanying music video was directed by Little X and features Rihanna in a nightclub setting.


title: Music of the Sun

text: Rihanna performed "Pon de Replay" complete with Barbados flags and colorful carnival attire at the MTV Video Music Awards pre-show in Miami, Florida on August 28, 2005. Rihanna also performed the song at the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in November 2005.


title: Music of the Sun

text: "If It's Lovin' that You Want" was released as the second and final single from "Music of the Sun" on December 2, 2005. The song failed to replicate the chart success that "Pon de Replay" experienced, though managed to peak at number 36 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 and inside the top 40 of multiple other record charts. An accompanying music video was directed by Marcus Raboy and features Rihanna in an island setting.


title: Music of the Sun

text: "Music of the Sun" received generally mixed reviews from music critics. Kelefa Sanneh of "The New York Times" viewed that the album's combination of dancehall and pop resulted in "["Pon de Replay" being] one [of] the summer's biggest and most seductive club tracks", but felt that Rihanna sounded "stranded" without a beat to sing along to. Barry Walters of "Rolling Stone" found it lacking in replay value, ingenuity, and rhythm, with "generic vocal hiccups and frills" of US R&B inflecting upon her "Caribbean charm". Sal Cinquemani of "Slant Magazine" called the album a "glut of teen R&B chanteuses" and described the lead single "Pon de Replay" as "a dancehall-pop mixture that owes plenty of its sweat and shimmy to Beyoncé's "Baby Boy". Evan Serpick of "Entertainment Weekly" wrote that Rihanna's "vibrant vocals lift tracks like "That La, La, La" and "Let Me," but this bland dancehall/R&B debut is filled with chintzy production and maudlin arrangements that block out the "Music of the Sun"." Robert Christgau of "The Village Voice" rated the album a "dud", indicating "a bad record whose details rarely merit further thought."


title: Music of the Sun

text: In a positive review, Jason Birchmeier of AllMusic commented that the album presents Rihanna as "winsome rather than [a] wannabe," as well as how she managed to set herself apart from other urban dance-pop artists such as Ashanti, Beyoncé, and Ciara. Birchmeier further explained that "[...] "Music of the Sun" descends into faceless slow jams after a while, overall consistency not being among its attributes, but thankfully it picks up the pace toward the end... the result is one of the more engaging urban dance-pop albums of the year." Chantal Jenoure of "The Jamaica Observer" complimented the dancehall and hip hop composition on several of the songs, including "Pon de Replay", "Rush", "Let Me", "Music of the Sun" and "That La, La, La", writing that they make the listener feel "happy" and "carefree".


title: Music of the Sun

text: In the United States, "Music of the Sun" sold 69,000 copies in its first week and debuted and peaked at number ten on the "Billboard" 200 in the chart issue dated September 17, 2005. The album spent a total of thirty-five weeks on the chart. "Music of the Sun" debuted on the US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart at number six in the same chart issue, and spent a total of forty-four weeks on the chart. After five months of release, the album was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on January 1, 2006, denoting shipments of over 500,000 copies. By the time Rihanna released her third studio album "Good Girl Gone Bad" (2007), the album had sold 539,000 copies, making it a slower selling album than the others in her repertoire. As of June 2015, the album had sold 623,000 copies in the United States. On August 28, 2020, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified the album Platinum. In Canada, "Music of the Sun" debuted and peaked at number seven on the Canadian Albums Chart in the chart issue dated September 17, 2005, but dropped out of the top ten the following week. After four months of release, the album was certified Platinum by Music Canada for shipments of over 100,000 copies.


title: Music of the Sun

text: Internationally, "Music of the Sun" failed to achieve a comparable level of chart success. In the United Kingdom, the album debuted and peaked at number 35 on the UK Albums Chart in the chart issue dated October 10, 2005. In its second week charting, "Music of the Sun" fell by three positions to number 38 and dropped out of the official UK Top 40 the following week. On May 12, 2006, the album was certified Gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), denoting shipments of over 100,000 copies. Elsewhere in Europe, the album debuted on the Swiss Albums Chart at number 46 in the chart issue dated September 11, 2005, and peaked at number 38 four weeks later. In Austria, "Music of the Sun" debuted on the Austrian Albums Chart at number 61 in the chart issue dated September 18, 2005, and peaked at number 45 the following week. The album debuted and peaked at number 93 on the French Albums Chart in the chart issue dated September 24, 2005. In the Netherlands, "Music of the Sun" debuted and peaked at number 98 on the Mega Album Top 100 in the chart issue dated April 29, 2006, and spent one week on the chart. In New Zealand, the album debuted on the New Zealand Albums Chart at number 40 in the chart issue dated September 26, 2005. Between September 29 and October 10, 2005, "Music of the Sun" dropped out of the album chart's top 40, but made a re-entry at number 40 on October 10, 2005. In its fourth week charting, the album peaked at number 26.


title: Modern Baseball

text: Modern Baseball (MoBo) was an American emo band from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania consisting of Bren Lukens, Jake Ewald, Sean Huber, and Ian Farmer. The band formed in 2012 at Drexel University and released their first album, "Sports", on Lame-O Records that same year. Their following albums, "You're Gonna Miss It All" and "Holy Ghost", were released on Run For Cover Records in 2014 and 2016 respectively. The group announced an indefinite hiatus in 2017.


title: Modern Baseball

text: Bren Lukens and Jake Ewald met in High School, when Lukens was interested in Ewald's twin sister. They ran in different friend groups, but found common ground through music. Their name was inspired by a book that Lukens and Ewald found in Ewald’s basement, titled “Modern Baseball Techniques".


title: Modern Baseball

text: Originally from Brunswick, Maryland, they relocated to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to attend college; Lukens at Chestnut Hill College, and Ewald at Drexel University. In Philadelphia, they met fellow music lover Ian Farmer, who helped them record their first album, "Sports", in Drexel's recording studios. "Sports" was released in 2012, and soon after the group left college temporarily to pursue music as their profession.


title: Modern Baseball

text: The band's first concert was in their shared house near Drexel University. The price of entry was either $3 or a picture of Michael Jordan. The house was later dubbed "The Michael Jordan House" which became a center for underground bands in the area. The music video for "The Weekend" was centered within the various.


title: Modern Baseball

text: The quartet started playing house shows around the area in the basement scene. They got introduced to fellow bands like The Menzingers, Lee Hartney, Ted Nguyent and Cayetana.


title: Modern Baseball

text: Around this time, the band also signed with upcoming label, Run For Cover Records . Modern Baseball would become one of their biggest acts.


title: Modern Baseball

text: The group's second full-length album, "You're Gonna Miss It All", was released on Run For Cover Records in 2014, reaching #97 on the "Billboard" 200. The group toured the United States in early 2014 with The Wonder Years. Modern Baseball toured the United Kingdom in September 2014. The band spoke ahead of their tour explaining how they manage their busy schedules. This followed a tour of the United States in a headlining spot with other bands Knuckle Puck, Foxing, Crying, and Somos.


title: Modern Baseball

text: In late 2015, the band announced plans for their third album that would be released in 2016 through Run For Cover Records, titled "Holy Ghost". On February 25, 2016, the band announced that the album would be released on May 13 via Run For Cover and on Big Scary Monsters in the UK/Europe. "Holy Ghost" was produced by Joe Reinhart at Headroom Studios, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.


title: Modern Baseball

text: In May 2016, Modern Baseball embarked on The Holy Ghost Tour with Thin Lips and Joyce Manor. In fall 2016, Modern Baseball supported Brand New on tour along with The Front Bottoms. In December 2016, Ewald released the album "Welcome" as Slaughter Beach, Dog on Lame-O Records.


title: Modern Baseball

text: In January 2017, Bren Lukens released a statement saying that he would not be joining the band on their upcoming Europe/UK tour, instead opting to stay at home to focus on his mental and physical well-being. In February 2017 the band announced that they would be cancelling their US tour and taking a break to help protect their mental health and friendships.


title: Modern Baseball

text: The group played no shows in the spring of 2017, during which time Ewald and Farmer worked on producing Ewald's project Slaughter Beach, Dog, and Lukens and Huber worked on solo material. When interviewed in June 2017, Ewald remarked, "let's not call it a breakup and make a huge deal about it and have a 'Last Show Ever' or anything like that. Let's just take it easy for now, and if we wake up an[d] want to do it again, then let's do it." A few shows followed; in July 2017, Modern Baseball played a one-off show with Daniel Johnston as part of his final US tour, and in October 2017, the band played three consecutive shows in their hometown of Philadelphia. In an October 2017 interview, Ewald confirmed that the band had no plans to play any more shows for the indefinite future.


title: Modern Baseball

text: The band's debut album "Sports" has been described as indie emo, folk punk, pop and pop punk. "You're Gonna Miss It All" has also been described as emo, folk rock, indie folk, indie rock, pop punk, power pop, and rock. "Holy Ghost" was described as emo and indie rock.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: Ethiopian cuisine ( "Ye-Ītyōṗṗyā məgəb") characteristically consists of vegetable and often very spicy meat dishes. This is usually in the form of "wat," a thick stew, served on top of "injera" (), a large sourdough flatbread, which is about in diameter and made out of fermented teff flour. Ethiopians eat most of the time with their right hands, using pieces of to pick up bites of entrées and side dishes.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church prescribes a number of fasting periods known as "tsom" ( "ṣōm"), including all Wednesdays and Fridays and the whole Lenten season (including fifteen days outside Lent proper). Per Oriental Orthodox tradition, the faithful may not consume any kind of animal products (including dairy products and eggs) during fasts; Ethiopian cuisine therefore contains many dishes that are vegan.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: A typical dish consists of accompanied by a spicy stew, which frequently includes beef, lamb, vegetables and various types of legumes, such as lentils. The cuisines of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and People's Region and the Sidama region also make use of the false banana plant (, Ge'ez: እንሰት "ïnset"), a type of ensete. The plant is pulverized and fermented to make various foods, including a bread-like food called "kocho" (Ge'ez: ቆጮ "ḳōč̣ō"), which is eaten with kitfo. The root of this plant may be powdered and prepared as a hot drink called "bulla" (Ge'ez: ቡላ "būlā"), which is often given to those who are tired or ill. Another typical Gurage preparation is coffee with butter ("kebbeh"). "Kita" herb bread is also baked.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: Due in part to the brief Italian occupation, pasta is popular and frequently available throughout Ethiopia, including rural areas. Coffee is also a large part of Ethiopian culture and cuisine. After every meal, a coffee ceremony is enacted and coffee is served.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: Ethiopian Orthodox Christians, Ethiopian Jews and Ethiopian Muslims avoid eating pork or shellfish, for religious reasons. Pork is considered unclean in Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, Judaism and Islam. Many Ethiopians abstain from eating certain meats, and mostly eat vegetarian and vegan foods.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: "Berbere", a combination of powdered chili pepper and other spices (cardamom, fenugreek, coriander, cloves, ginger, nutmeg, cumin and allspice) is an important ingredient used to add flavor to many varied dishes like chicken stews and baked fish dishes. Also essential is "niter kibbeh", a clarified butter infused with ginger, garlic, and several spices.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: "Mitmita" (, ) is a powdered seasoning mix used in Ethiopian cuisine. It is orange-red in color and contains ground birdseye chili peppers (piri piri), cardamom seed, cloves and salt. It occasionally has other spices including cinnamon, cumin and ginger.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: In their adherence to strict fasting, Ethiopian cooks have developed a rich array of cooking oil sources—besides sesame and safflower—for use as a substitute for animal fats which are forbidden during fasting periods. Ethiopian cuisine also uses "nug" (also spelled "noog", also known as "niger seed").


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: "Wat" begins with a large amount of chopped red onion, which is simmered or sauteed in a pot. Once the onions have softened, "niter kebbeh" (or, in the case of vegan dishes, vegetable oil) is added. Following this, "berbere" is added to make a spicy "keiy wat" or "keyyih tsebhi". Turmeric is used instead of "berbere" for a milder "alicha wat" or both spices are omitted when making vegetable stews, such as "atkilt wat". Meat such as beef ("ሥጋ", "səga"), chicken ("ዶሮ", "doro" or "derho"), fish ("ዓሣ", "asa"), goat or lamb ("በግ", "beg" or "beggi") is also added. Legumes such as split peas ("ክክ", "kək" or "kikki") and lentils ("ምስር", "məsər" or "birsin"); or vegetables such as potatoes ("ድንች", "Dənəch"), carrots and chard (ቆስጣ) are also used instead in vegan dishes.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: Each variation is named by appending the main ingredient to the type of "wat" (e.g. ). However, the word "keiy" is usually not necessary, as the spicy variety is assumed when it is omitted (e.g. "doro wat"). The term is sometimes used to refer to all vegetable dishes, but a more specific name can also be used (as in , which translates to "potatoes and carrots stew"; but the word "atkilt" is usually omitted when using the more specific term).


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: Meat along with vegetables are sautéed to make "tibs" (also "tebs", "t'ibs", "tibbs", etc., Ge'ez: ጥብስ "ṭïbs"). "Tibs" is served in a variety of manners, and can range from hot to mild or contain little to no vegetables. There are many variations of the delicacy, depending on type, size or shape of the cuts of meat used. Beef, mutton, and goat are the most common meats used in the preparation of "tibs".


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: The mid-18th-century European visitor to Ethiopia describes "tibs" as a portion of grilled meat served "to pay a particular compliment or show especial respect to someone." It may still be seen this way; today the dish is prepared to commemorate special events and holidays.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: "Kinche" ("Qinch’e"), a porridge, is a very common Ethiopian breakfast or supper. It is incredibly simple, inexpensive, and nutritious. It is made from cracked wheat, Ethiopian oats, barley or a mixture of those. It can be boiled in either milk or water with a little salt. The flavor of "kinche" comes from the "nit'ir qibe", which is a spiced butter.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: The Oromos' cuisine consists of various vegetable or meat side dishes and entrées. as part of a long-established custom, practice, or belief; People do not eat pork in Oromia.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: Another distinctively Ethiopian dish is "kitfo" (frequently spelled "ketfo"). It consists of raw (or rare) beef mince marinated in "mitmita" (Ge'ez: ሚጥሚጣ "mīṭmīṭā" a very spicy chili powder similar to ) and . "Gored gored" is very similar to , but uses cubed rather than ground beef.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: is a Local cheese that is mild and crumbly. It is much closer in texture to crumbled feta. Although not quite pressed, the whey has been drained and squeezed out. It is often served as a side dish to soften the effect of very spicy food. It has little to no distinct taste of its own. However, when served separately, is often mixed with a variety of mild or hot spices typical of Gurage cuisine.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: "Gomen kitfo" is another typical Gurage dish. Collard greens (ጎመን "gōmen") are boiled, dried and then finely chopped and served with butter, chili and spices. It is a dish specially prepared for the occasion of Meskel, a very popular holiday marking the discovery of the True Cross. It is served along with or sometimes even "kitfo" in this tradition called .


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: The enset plant (called "wesse" in the Sidamo language) is central to Sidama cuisine and after grinding and fermenting the root to produce "wassa", it is used in the preparation of several foods.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: "Borasaame" is a cooked mixture of "wassa" and butter sometimes eaten with Ethiopian mustard greens and/or beans. It is traditionally eaten by hand using a false banana leaf and is served in a ', a vase-like ceramic vessel. A common variant of "borasaame" uses maize flour instead of "wassa" and is called "badela borasaame".


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: "Borasaame" is typically paired with a seasoned yogurt drink called "wätät". Both are common foods for funerals and the celebration of "Fichee Chambalaalla", the Sidama new year.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: Gomen ba siga (ጎመን በስጋ, Amharic: "cabbage with meat") is a stewed mixture of beef and Ethiopian mustard served under a layer of .


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: A commonly grown crop in Sidama, maize ("badela" in Sidaamu; also known as "corn" in North America) is often eaten as a snack with coffee. It can be ground into flour to make bread, roasted on the cob, or the kernels can be picked off to make "bokolo", which is served either boiled or roasted.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: "Fit-fit" or "fir-fir" is a common breakfast dish. It is made from shredded "" or "kitcha" stir-fried with spices or "wat". Another popular breakfast food is . The delicacy consists of a large fried pancake made with flour, often with a layer of egg. It is eaten with honey.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: "Chechebsa" (or "kita firfir") resembles a pancake covered with "berbere" and "niter kibbeh", or other spices, and may be eaten with a spoon. "Genfo" is a kind of porridge, which is another common breakfast dish. It is usually served in a large bowl with a dug-out made in the middle of the genfo and filled with spiced "niter kibbeh".


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: A variation of "ful", a fava bean stew with condiments, served with baked rolls instead of , is also common for breakfast.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: Typical Ethiopian snacks are "dabo kolo" (small pieces of baked bread that are similar to pretzels), or "kolo" (roasted barley sometimes mixed with other local grains). "Kolo" made from roasted and spiced barley, safflower kernels, chickpeas and/or peanuts are often sold by kiosks and street vendors, wrapped in a paper cone. Snacking on popcorn and traditional lentil samosa is also common.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: There are many different traditional alcoholic drinks which are home made and of natural ingredients.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: "Tella" is a home-brewed beer served in "tella bet" ("tella houses") which specialize in serving only "tella". "Tella" is the most common beverage made and served in households during holidays.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: It is an alcoholic drink which is prepared from "bikil" (barley) as main ingredient and "gesho" ("Rhamnus prinoides") for fermentation purpose.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: "Tej" is a potent honey wine. It is similar to mead, and is frequently served in bars, particularly in a "tej bet" or ""tej" house".


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: It is prepared from honey and gesho. It has a sweet taste and the alcoholic content is relatively higher than "tella". This drink can be stored for a long time; the longer it is stored, the higher the alcohol content, and the stronger the taste.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: "Areki", also known as "katikala", is probably the strongest alcoholic drink of Ethiopia. It is a home distilled spirit that is often filtered through charcoal to remove off tastes or flavored by smoking or infusion with garlic.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: Ethiopians have diverse traditional non-alcoholic drinks which include natural and healthy ingredients.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: "Kenetto", also known as "keribo", is a non-alcoholic traditional drink. It is mostly used as substitute for "tella" for those who don't drink alcohol.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: Just like the rest of the world, Ethiopians also enjoy several locally manufactured beers, wine and non-alcoholic products like Coca-Cola and other similar products.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: Ambo Mineral Water or "Ambo wuha" is a bottled carbonated mineral water, sourced from the springs in Ambo Senkele near the town of Ambo.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: "Atmet" is a barley- and oat-flour based drink that is cooked with water, sugar and "kibe" (Ethiopian clarified butter) until the ingredients have combined to create a consistency slightly thicker than egg-nog. Though this drink is often given to women who are nursing, the sweetness and smooth texture make it a comfort drink for anyone who enjoys its flavor.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: According to some sources, drinking of coffee ("buna") is likely to have originated in Ethiopia. A key national beverage, it is an important part of local commerce.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: The coffee ceremony is the traditional serving of coffee, usually after a big meal. It often involves the use of a "jebena" (ጀበና), a clay coffee pot in which the coffee is boiled. The preparer roasts the coffee beans in front of guests, then walks around wafting the smoke throughout the room so participants may sample the scent of coffee. Then the preparer grinds the coffee beans in a traditional tool called a . The coffee is put into the "jebena", boiled with water, and then served in small cups called "si'ni". Coffee is usually served with sugar, but is also served with salt in many parts of Ethiopia. In some parts of the country, "niter kibbeh" is added instead of sugar or salt.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: Snacks, such as popcorn or toasted barley (or "kolo"), are often served with the coffee. In most homes, a dedicated coffee area is surrounded by fresh grass, with special furniture for the coffee maker. A complete ceremony has three rounds of coffee ("abol", "tona" and "bereka") and is accompanied by the burning of frankincense.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: Tea will most likely be served if coffee is declined. Tea is grown in Ethiopia at Gumaro and Wushwush.


title: Ethiopian cuisine

text: Across southern Ethiopia, many groups drink boiled coffee leaves, called "kuti" among the Harari in the east and "kaari" among the Majang in the west. This is often made with widely varying seasonings and spices, such as sugar, salt, rue, hot peppers, ginger. The Ethiopian Food Safety Authority has registered the safety of coffee leaf infusions with the European Union.


title: We Continue the Change

text: We Continue the Change (; PP), sometimes translated as Change Continues, is a centrist, anti-corruption political party and an electoral alliance in Bulgaria led by Kiril Petkov and Asen Vasilev, the former caretaker Economy and Finance Ministers, respectively. It competed in the November 2021 Bulgarian National Assembly election, coming in first place with 67 seats. It was given the mandate to form a government on 13 December 2021, and formed a broad coalition between BSP for Bulgaria, There Is Such a People and Democratic Bulgaria.


title: We Continue the Change

text: The party was officially launched on 19 September 2021, after a month-long speculation about its creation. It was created to be an alternative anti-corruption party that could be seen as a "uniting force" between the other parties. Since the coalition was created too late to have its own registration, it has to compete in the elections with the registration of one or more of its member parties. This has been done through Volt Bulgaria and Middle European Class, with the former being a party that recently left the parliamentary coalition IBG-NI.


title: We Continue the Change

text: The party favoured working with the anti-establishment parties, but it has said there is speculation that it will work with BSP for Bulgaria to form a coalition. It had also not ruled out the possibility of working with GERB-SDS or Movement for Rights and Freedoms (DPS), but Kiril Petkov has said that DPS must break contact and drop support of ex-MP Delyan Peevski, and GERB must support the replacement of Chief Prosecutor Ivan Geshev, in order to be considered as potential coalition partners. A new movement, the party announced that it would not create a pre-electoral agreement with the other anti-establishment parties, but there was a signed agreement of cooperation following the November election.


title: We Continue the Change

text: In the November election, the party came out on top with over 25% of the vote, and it negotiated a coalition with the anti-establishment parties ITN and DB, alongside the leftist BSP. The government, led by Kiril Petkov, set out to remove corruption within the country and counter the problems faced by Bulgaria, including the energy crisis and COVID-19 pandemic.


title: We Continue the Change

text: We Continue the Change is a centrist political party, which focuses on rooting out corruption. Economically, the main goals of the coalition are to create a favourable economic and administrative environment for the free development of small and medium-sized businesses and to attract strategic high-tech investments. On a more political level, they seek to stop corruption and misuse of state funds as well as uphold the rule of law. Priority for government formation is the access to quality education and healthcare for all Bulgarian citizens, modern infrastructure. They also stress social policy, in particular improving pensions for retired people.


title: We Continue the Change

text: For the 2021 presidential election, Petkov and Vasilev declared their support for the incumbent President Rumen Radev. For the 2021 parliamentary elections, the coalition campaigned on a vague platform to attract voters of different persuasions, with particular emphasis on the corruption of the former government of Boyko Borisov. Kiril Petkov and Asen Vasilev, both businessmen, were seen as pro-business and advocated anchoring Bulgaria in the European Union and NATO.


title: We Continue the Change

text: PP has two leaders, Kiril Petkov and Asen Vasilev. The main part of the coalition is "We Continue the Change" itself. There are two smaller "mandate carrier" parties, Volt Bulgaria, and Middle European Class (SEC), which have surrendered their party lists up to the coalition to be used at election.


title: We Continue the Change

text: The coalition took part in the November 2021 Bulgarian election, coming in first place with 25.67% of the vote and 67 seats. At the election, the coalition won 67 seats. 4 went to SEC and 2 seats were won by Volt. The main 'We Continue the Change' party won the rest of the seats. In 2022, the electoral coalition dropped down to second place behind GERB, with 53 seats overall.


title: Cessna 402

text: The Cessna 401 and 402 are a series of 6 to 10 seat, light twin-piston engine aircraft. This line was manufactured by Cessna from 1966 to 1985 under the name Utiliner and Businessliner. All seats are easily removable so that the aircraft can be used in an all-cargo configuration. Neither the Cessna 401 nor the 402 were pressurized, nor were they particularly fast for the installed power. Instead, Cessna intended them to be inexpensive to purchase and operate.


title: Cessna 402

text: The Cessna 401 and 402 were developed to be non-pressurized twin engine piston aircraft. Their goal was to be a workhorse, useful to cargo and small commuter airlines among other users.


title: Cessna 402

text: The Cessna 401 and 402 were developments of the Cessna 411. One goal for the Cessna 401/402 was to improve upon the very bad single engine handling of the Cessna 411. Another goal was to avoid using the somewhat expensive and maintenance prone geared engines of the Cessna 411.


title: Cessna 402

text: Cessna 401s and 402s are powered by turbocharged Continental engines with three-bladed, constant speed, fully feathering propellers. On later models cruise power was limited to 75% to reduce cabin noise. Some aircraft have a propeller synchrophaser to reduce cabin noise and vibration.


title: Cessna 402

text: The original Cessna 402 was introduced in 1967. A version without the large cargo door called the Cessna 401 was produced at the same time.


title: Cessna 402

text: In 1969, the 402's nose was stretched for added baggage space. This model was renamed the 402A. The 401 kept the original nose.


title: Cessna 402

text: In 1970, various minor changes were made. Also, optional larger fuel tanks, of , became available. This model was called the 402B.


title: Cessna 402

text: Between 1971 and 1977, many changes were made to the airframe, including an optional engine fire extinguisher (1971), simpler exhaust system (1972), enlarged passenger windows (1973), equipment for flight into known icing conditions (1975), and an optional flushing toilet (1977).


title: Cessna 402

text: In 1976, the very similar Cessna 421 was produced with a new wing, no tip tanks, and a simpler fuel system. The Cessna 414 was given a clean wing in 1978.


title: Cessna 402

text: In 1979, the 402s received a new wing, with a greater span. The landing gear was replaced, using the simpler system from the Cessna 414. The landing gear track was also increased by . The engines' output was boosted to each and max gross weight increased to , creating a much more useful airplane. Fuel capacity was increased to . Even with the weight increase, single-engine performance improved and the stall speed decreased by a couple of knots. After this change, the plane was named the Cessna 402C.


title: Cessna 402

text: In 1969, American Jet Industries began work on a turboprop-powered conversion of the Cessna 402, named the Turbo Star 402, using Allison 250-B17 engines. The prototype flew on 10 June 1970. Further modifications providing increased fuel capacity, higher gross weight, and lower minimum control speed were carried out in 1974 and the modification was re-certified. Scenic Airlines of Las Vegas purchased rights to the design in 1977.


title: Cessna 402

text: The Cessna 402C may be outfitted with vortex generators to increase maximum allowable takeoff weight to , with a zero-fuel weight of .


title: Cessna 402

text: Another modification for the 402C increases the maximum landing weight to , which allows commercial operators to fly with an increased payload on shorter routes.


title: Cessna 402

text: Hendrik Venter of DMI engineering created the Falcon 402: a converted Cessna 402 fitted with a single Walter M601D turboprop in the nose and replacing the two piston engines in the wings with new fuel tanks. The nose was lengthened in order to correct the centre of gravity. It has an increased payload and top speed and can use shorter runways


title: Cessna 402

text: The Cessna 402 has proven to be very dependable over the years, which, along with its range and passenger capacity, has made it a popular choice for many small regional airlines worldwide. The aircraft are generally flown on short, thin routes to hubs where passengers can connect to higher density routes.


title: Cessna 402

text: The largest operator of the type is Cape Air, which as of June 2019 has a fleet of 88 Cessna 402s operating in the Caribbean, Micronesia and United States.


title: Cessna 402

text: American R&B singer Aaliyah died along with eight others, including the pilot, two hairstylists, a makeup artist, a bodyguard, and three record label professionals, when a Cessna 402B registered N8097W, crashed shortly after takeoff on August 25, 2001, around 6:50p.m. local time, in Marsh Harbour, Abaco Islands, The Bahamas. The main cause of the crash was determined to be an improperly loaded aircraft, which was approximately over its maximum takeoff weight, with a center of gravity well aft of the envelope. Investigators discovered that the pilot, Luis Morales III, was unlicensed at the time of the crash and had traces of cocaine and alcohol in his system. Aaliyah's family later filed a wrongful death lawsuit against Blackhawk International Airways, which was settled out of court.


title: Brochevarevarura

text: Brochevarevarura () is a 2019 Indian Telugu-language crime comedy film written and directed by Vivek Athreya and produced by Vijay Kumar Manyam under the banner of Manyam Productions. The film features Sree Vishnu, Nivetha Thomas, Nivetha Pethuraj, and Satyadev Kancharana while Priyadarshi and Rahul Ramakrishna play supporting roles. The music was composed by Vivek Sagar while the cinematography and editing were done by Sai Sriram and Ravi Teja Girijala, respectively.


title: Brochevarevarura

text: The film released worldwide on 28 June 2019, and received positive reviews from critics. The film was remade in Hindi as "Velle" (2021) and in Kannada as "Govinda Govinda" (2021).


title: Brochevarevarura

text: Vishal is an assistant director, who confirms to launch his debut film, for which he decides approach an actress Shalini for lead role. As his directorial debut being a low budget film and crew are mostly new to the industry, he could not find the contacts to reach out to the big stars. However, Vishal manages to get Shalini's email and sends her a short film of his script. She's impressed by his pilot and gives an appointment to hear his story. They meet in a restaurant where Vishal narrates the plot


title: Brochevarevarura

text: High school-college principal Radha Krishna takes his only daughter Mitra to school. There she meets Rahul, Rambabu "Rambo", and Rakesh "Rocky" famous as 'R3' batch who are last benchers and failing their grades for several years. One day they try to steal their answer sheets but they see Mitra sitting in front of the staffroom and were scared as she was the principal's daughter, so Rahul makes up a story about his sick grandmother. But on the next day when the lecturer is showing scores it's revealed that Rakesh kept Rahul's paper in the staffroom so the lecturer would believe that they 3 didn't steal the papers, though the other two ironically thought the same thing and make a fool of themselves in the Physics class. Mitra is just like them, in the aspect that she doesn't have an interest in studying. Instead, she likes classical dance and wants to be a national level dancer. Her parents divorced when she was young and she chose to live with her mother. After her mother passed away she had no other option, but to live with her father. She takes a liking to the R3 gang and starts hanging out with them. Disappointed by her low grades, her father decides to enroll her in a tuition class, which is run by her father's best friend, and later she's forced to do extra tuition. The teacher takes advantage of her and harasses her.


title: Brochevarevarura

text: Saddened, she tells her father, but he dismisses it as a pathetic excuse for skipping tuition. Mitra is heartbroken, her father is unable to help her and this makes her question her insecurity. Having no rapport with her father, Mitra decides to run away from home to pursue her career. R3 batch supports her decision, and she devises a perfect plan for them to execute. She hatches a fake plan to get herself kidnapped by R3 and use the money to learn dance and run away from home. The R3 gang follow the plan perfectly and secure 8 lakh from Mitra's father. Later Mitra runs away from home and moves to Hyderabad for living her dream. Meanwhile, R3 gang thrashes the teacher on Mitra's behalf, and unknowingly injure an innocent person. Radha informs his cop friend Srinu and asks him to investigate on R3. Srinu starts the investigation, but considers R3 as innocent. Mitra is excited to perform on stage and invites R3 to watch her performance. She forgets her phone while leaving for the dance studio. She is really kidnapped by real thugs who are even willing to sell her for human trafficking. The thugs contact R3 for money as Mitra tells them that they are her only point of contact.The R3 batch is worried and decides to beg/borrow/steal money to save Mitra.


title: Brochevarevarura

text: Vishal narrates half of the plot to Shalini and promises to narrate the rest another day after making some minor developments. Later, Shalini starts travelling with Vishal for the film, and falls for him. One day while narrating to Shalini, Vishal receives a call from his mother, who tells him that his father met with an accident(the innocent person whom RE unknowingly injure). They need 10 lakh for the surgery, and Shalini helps him out with the money. She gets the money from the bank by one of her agents, and drives Vishal to his father with the money. Meanwhile, Rocky, who was at the same bank looking for potential withdrawals of high amounts of money so that they could steal, finds this as a good opportunity and follows the car to a petrol bunk. Determining the only possible route the car is going to continue on, they pelt a stone on Shalini's car en route, which leads to a car crash and steal the money. Later, Rahul drops his phone which had the thug's contact on it at the crash scene (a mentally challenged person picks it up later). Vishal and Shalini are admitted to a local hospital and Vishal is hesitant to ask Shalini for more money for his father's surgery. Meanwhile, the thugs try to contact Rahul but to no avail. They decide to sell her and start moving to pick up point.


title: Brochevarevarura

text: Rahul and Vishal realize that the phone was dropped at the crash site, both race to the crash site and deduce that the mentally challenged must've picked up the phone and start hunting for him in the city. Meanwhile, one of the thugs gifts Mitra's bag to his daughter. R3 and thug's daughter end up in the same auto-rickshaw and realize that it is Mitra's bag. They investigate his daughter for his whereabouts and track him down. Meanwhile, Vishal manages to track down the mentally challenged and chases after him. They all run into each other and on realizing it try to disperse. Rahul contacts the kidnappers to save Mitra, but the kidnappers refuse his deal and delete his contact. While transporting Mitra to their place, Mitra creates havoc in the car of thugs which leads to hit into a motorcycle and end up creating a huge ruckus. This leads to the police trying to document the issue for insurance purposes. They are surprised to discover Mitra and save her. Meanwhile, Vishal's sister informs Vishal that operation was completed successfully. He realizes that Shalini arranged the money again for his father and comes to thank her.


title: Brochevarevarura

text: Shalini proposes Vishal, who is confused and Shalini promises to do his film even if he was not ready to accept her proposal. Vishal asks her for some time to think. Then they receive a parcel in the hospital which contains the 10 lakh which was stolen by R3. Srinu makes Radha realize his mistakes while disciplining his daughter. Radha decides to get Mitra back and wholeheartedly apologize to her. Later in the police station Mitra contacts Rahul to pick her up. But Rahul refused and tells her to call Radha, because they have realised they had done a big mistake. Radha is the correct person to handle the situation for setting right and Rahul hopes all for good. Mitra calls Radha, who receives her warmly in the station. Radha supports his daughter's decision by enrolling her in a classical dance academy and bashing his friend in front of his students. Mitra realised she fell for Rahul and proposes indirectly but Rahul did not understand her intention. Vishal starts his film with Shalini. Finally R3 gang discusses about their useless goals in life.


title: Brochevarevarura

text: The film was officially launched in August 2018, with Sree Vishnu playing the lead role, marking his second collaboration with director Vivek Athreya after "Mental Madhilo" (2017). Principal photography commenced very soon after the launch. Later, Nivetha Thomas confirmed their presence in the project, along with Nivetha Pethuraj, who worked with Vishnu in the director's previous film. The production unit completed the first schedule at Guntur in November 2018, and moved to Tenali for the second schedule. The film wrapped up shooting in early March 2019.


title: Brochevarevarura

text: The soundtrack album featured seven songs composed by Vivek Sagar with lyrics by Ramajogayya Sastry, Hasith Goli, Bharadwaj and Krishna Kanth. The film's first single "Vagalaadi" was released on 30 April 2019. The second single track "Doragiri" was released later on 5 May 2019. The third single track "Putukku Zara Zara" which released on 15 May 2019, features traditional lyrics from "Pannendu Metla Kinnera" written by Shri Dasari Ranga in Kalaa Telanganam. The fourth song "Talapu Talupu" was released on 20 May 2019. The full soundtrack album was released by Aditya Music on 24 May 2019.


title: Brochevarevarura

text: The album received positive reviews, with critics noting the mix of folksy-street tunes with the classical-contemporary notes. Neetishta Nyayapati of "The Times of India", stated that "The album of Brochevarevarura has something for everyone for sure. The OST doesn’t just serve the purpose of delivering hummable songs; it also gives an insight into the kind of film it’s going to be. Apart from the vocalists, Vivek Sagar’s guitar sets the tone for most of the numbers and effectively so. While Vagalaadi is a crowd favourite and will remain so, give the rest of the numbers a chance this weekend if you’re in the mood for some good music."


title: Brochevarevarura

text: The official title logo was released on 31 December 2018, coinciding with the occasion of New Year's Eve. On 15 March 2019, the team released the 1-minute video teaser, titled Visual Tale, which reveals the plot line and characters through caricatures. The film's first look poster which features Sree Vishnu, Rahul Ramakrishna and Priyadarshi Pullikonda, was released on 21 March 2019, coinciding with Holi. Another first look poster featuring Nivetha Thomas, was released on 30 March 2019. The official teaser was unveiled on 20 April 2019. The film's pre-release event was held at Hyderabad on 22 June 2019, featuring the presence of the cast and craw along with Ram Pothineni and Nara Rohith as the chief guests. The film released worldwide on 28 June 2019.


title: Brochevarevarura

text: "Brochevaruevarura" received positive response from critics. "The News Minute" gave 3 out of 5 stars and wrote ""Brochevarevaru Ra" floats on impossible coincidences, and plays with incidents, which probably would play out in real life in one in a million circumstances. Things end conveniently, as they are likely to happen in such high-stakes-plan-gone-wrong kind of stories. However, this shouldn't be a cause for concern. The director doesn't dig a hole too deep for logic and makes sure the narrative pans out as a freakish set of events that are nevertheless, a lot of fun to follow." Y Sunita Chowdhary of "The Hindu" wrote "This simple, light-hearted story of friends is worth the time and money." Neetishta Nyayapati of "The Times of India" gave 3 out of 5 stars stating "Go watch "Brochevarevaru Ra" if crime comedy, coming-of-age films and comic capers are your cup of tea because Vivek Athreya’s film delivers all that and more. Just don’t expect the usual commercial elements or even a love story thrown in, for you will be left disappointed. Watch this one for the freshness and laidback-ness of it all and you will love it."


title: Brochevarevarura

text: Sankeerthana Varma of "Film Companion" wrote "Brochevarevarura populates itself with great characters and places them in circumstances where they can shine their eclectic light at us". Cinema Express gave the film a rating of 3.5 out of 5 and stated "This is a well-written and a well-rounded film, which plays around in the sandbox of human emotions." Venkat Arikatla from Greatandhra gave the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote "Brochevarevura is a pretty simple crime comedy that is peppered with interesting screenplay and offers some genuine laughs." 123Telugu gave the film 3.25 out of 5 and stated "Brochevarevarura is a crime comedy which has good fun and entertaining thrills. The fun is generated in a simple manner and keeps you hooked for the most part of the film. The lead cast performance will surely win your hearts. However, things become a bit slow and predictable in the second half but that does not stop you from having a good time watching this film." Indiaglitz gave the film a rating of 2.75 out of 5 and stated 'Brochevarevaru Ra' is a crime comedy. Situational comedy, characterizations, breezy screenplay in the first half are its assets. On the other hand, the second half comes undone with convenient, half-baked writing."


title: Brochevarevarura

text: It is considered as one of the "25 Greatest Telugu films of the decade" by "Film Companion". It was also listed in the Top 7 best Telugu films of the year 2019 by India Today.


title: Brochevarevarura

text: "Brochevarevarura" is being remade into multi-languages. In Kannada it is titled as "Govinda Govinda" directed by debut director Tilak and produced by Shailendra Babu and Ravi R Garini, and stars Sumanth Shailendra, Bhavana and Kavitha Gowda. The Hindi remake rights were bought by Sunny Deol, and stars his son Karan Deol as lead actor. The film is titled Velle, directed by Deven Munjal and featuring Karan Deol, Anya Singh, Abhay Deol and Mouni Roy.


title: Hank Voight

text: Henry "Hank" Voight is a fictional character in the television series "Chicago P.D.". He appeared in a recurring capacity in "Chicago Fire" and as a main character in "Chicago P.D.", as the head of the Chicago Police Department's Intelligence Unit, which operates out of the 21st District. Despite Voight's reputation as a suspected dirty cop and for using underhanded methods, he commands his unit's loyalty and respect.


title: Hank Voight

text: The character was initially introduced in "Chicago Fire" as a dirty cop who tries to cover up a crime by his son Justin and uses all means necessary to do so, including threatening Fire Lieutenant Matthew Casey, one of the protagonists of "Chicago Fire". Voight's circumstances were eventually clarified with the creation of the spin-off "Chicago P.D." However, he has a well-documented feud with Caseyas a result of what happened between themand his interactions with the firefighters of 51 are marked by tension and suspicion, despite the fact that he earns their grudging respect for his dedication in seeking justice for crime victims. Voight carries a SIG Sauer P229 as his sidearm.


title: Hank Voight

text: Hank has a son named Justin whom he bails out in "Professional Courtesy" after he crashes into a van while under the influence of alcohol. As the result of Justin's recklessness, the boy (Mike Duffy) who was in the van is paralyzed from the waist down, stopping him from playing hockey ever again. This incident marks the beginning of the tension between Hank and Fire Lieutenant Matthew Casey (Jesse Spencer).


title: Hank Voight

text: Hank is widowed; his wife Camille died six years prior to "Now I'm God" of ovarian cancer. Hank's father, Richard, was also a Chicago Police Officer, who was killed when Hank was 8.


title: Hank Voight

text: While working a joint case with the , Voight and Cpt. Olivia Benson (Mariska Hargitay) establish a bond of trust and friendship despite their differing methods.


title: Hank Voight

text: This character was first seen in "Chicago Fire" as an antagonist. Voight's ruthless methods cause friction with Lieutenant Matthew Casey, a firefighter at the nearby Firehouse 51. Casey had arrived on the scene of a serious car crash where the driver, Voight's son Justin, had been drinking. The resulting arrest would have been a DUI with possible repercussions as the passenger in the other car had been paralyzed from the waist down. Voight had tried various methods to stop Casey from filing the report against Justin. First beginning with bribery (a new television set for the CFD) and escalating to physical threats towards Casey and his then-fiancé, Dr. Hallie Thomas. Voight attempted to have Casey injured or killed, but was arrested by Detective Antonio Dawson (Jon Seda) in a sting. While in prison he offers Gabriela Dawson (Monica Raymund) information on who shot Antonio, who was working undercover at the time. This was in exchange for a future favor, which Dawson reluctantly accepted. Internal Affairs (I.A.) later releases Voight from prison and promotes him to Sergeant of the Intelligence Unit at CPD. Voight began working with Dawson and Detective Juiliet "Jules" Willhite (Melissa Sagemiller) to investigate a series of murders relating to pharmacy nurses. The case was related to a drug dealer named Thomas Cobb, whom Voight killed to protect Casey. Unfortunately, Hallie was murdered after accidentally discovering a drug operation at the clinic she worked at.


title: Hank Voight

text: Later in the series, he investigates a gang drive-by shooting which claimed the life of a young girl. Working alongside Dawson and Detective Erin Lindsay (Sophia Bush), Voight uses firefighter Joe Cruz's brother, Leon, who had former ties to the gang, as part of a sting. The operation ended with the successful capture of the intended gang lord, but also the deaths of two gang members.


title: Hank Voight

text: In "Category 5", when Voight wants Casey's help with an investigation into Jack Nesbitt, Casey turns him down, indicating there are still tensions between them. Casey eventually agrees to get some intel after he himself notices something was not right. In the season 3 finale, Gabriela discovers that Casey has gone missing.


title: Hank Voight

text: It is common knowledge in the Chicago police department that Voight is a suspected dirty cop for being associated with shady, unsavory characters in Chicago's underworld, breaking police protocol and taking bribes. It's revealed Voight has now and then outright committed and covered up crimes. However, despite his ruthlessness and his morally ambiguous and underhanded approach to police work, Voight is a veteran who is determined in getting the job done, is extremely dedicated to the victims of his cases, goes out of his way to protect and help vulnerable young people, and does have his fellow cops' and Chicago's best interests at heart. It is revealed that he is working with Internal Affairs using his dirty cop reputation as part of an operation to bring down heavy hitters in Chicago's crime world.


title: Hank Voight

text: Prior to his arrest in 2012, Voight served in the Chicago PD's Gang Unit for almost 15 years. He has worked with his long-time best friend, Detective Alvin Olinsky (Elias Koteas), who later transfers to Intelligence, and Detective Jimmy Shi (Mark Dacascos), who now heads up a deep undercover vice squad in Chinatown. It is revealed that a number of years ago, after the death of Olinsky's partner, Eddie Penland, Voight, Shi and Olinsky took the murderer, Browning, out to the docks and killed him by taking him "for a boat ride."


title: Hank Voight

text: Voight has a strained relationship with his son, Justin Voight. This may be due to the fact that his job in CPD was demanding and occupied most of his time. Justin acts out (usually by drinking and driving or fighting in bars) and hangs out with the wrong crowd. More recently, Justin was involved as an accessory to the murder of a rival gang member by his corrupt friend Joe Catalano. Voight learns from Antonio Justin's involvement was that of an innocent pawn and allows the case to be buried. Voight then takes Justin out and forces him to enlist in the United States Army to keep him out of trouble. Voight then kills Catalano by drowning him in the river.