title: Lauren Weisberger

text: "The Devil Wears Prada" is a semi-fictional but highly critical view of the Manhattan elite, largely based on Weisberger's experience at "Vogue" magazine. There is much speculation that book's primary character Miranda Priestly represents Wintour and the fictional Elias-Clark publishing company in the book is modeled after Condé Nast. The book focuses on many comical aspects of a first job in the world of elite fashion.


title: Lauren Weisberger

text: While commercially successful, the book was not well received at "Vogue". Kate Betts, a "Vogue" editor, criticized Weisberger and the book in "The New York Times", writing that Weisberger and Wintour are actually the direct counterparts of their fictional characters and that "Andrea is just as much a snob as the snobs she is thrown in with."


title: Lauren Weisberger

text: Film rights to "The Devil Wears Prada" were acquired by 20th Century Fox, which released a movie of the same name in June 2006, starring Meryl Streep (ostensibly as Wintour) and Anne Hathaway (ostensibly as Weisberger). The film grossed $27.5 million in its opening weekend, and amassed U.S. sales of nearly $125 million and worldwide sales of $326 million, making it one of the top-grossing films of summer 2006.


title: Lauren Weisberger

text: The film departs from the book in several ways. For example, in the film, Andrea is a graduate of Northwestern University; in the book, she is a graduate of Brown University. The film depicts Miranda asking Andrea to accompany her to Paris when a colleague falls ill. The book, however, has Emily catching mono and being unable to go with Miranda. In the book, Andrea's best friend Lily is an alcoholic who gets into a car crash, leaving Andrea to decide whether to stay with Miranda in Paris or return to assist her friend. The movie does not include any of these details and ends with Andrea and Miranda parting in Paris but viewing each other with mutual respect. In the book, however, Andrea curses Miranda to her face and is consequently fired.


title: Lauren Weisberger

text: In October 2006, Fox acquired the television rights to the book, though the series was ultimately never developed.


title: Lauren Weisberger

text: Weisberger secured a $1 million advance from Simon & Schuster for her second novel, "Everyone Worth Knowing", which based on the trials and tribulations of the New York City public relations world; the book was published in fall 2005. It received generally unfavorable reviews. "The New York Times Book Review" described it as "fatuous, clunky." "USA Today" called it "lackluster imitation" and "Entertainment Weekly" said it was a "ho-hum rehash" of "The Devil Wears Prada". It debuted on "The New York Times" Best Sellers List at No. 10, but dropped off the list in two weeks and was ultimately noted for disappointing sales. The audio book was read by actress Eliza Dushku. In some European countries, the novel was released under the separate title "Gossip and Gucci".


title: Lauren Weisberger

text: "Chasing Harry Winston", Weisberger's third novel, was released May 27, 2008 and on May 19, 2008 in the United Kingdom. The book's main characters are three best friends in New York City, Emmy, Adriana, and Leigh, who are facing fears with turning 30. Recently dumped Emmy promises to make a drastic change and find guys from every continent for casual affairs. Beautiful Brazilian Adriana tries to leave her old lifestyle of sleeping around and living off her father to get a Harry Winston ring on her finger before her first wrinkles begin showing. Leigh, the one with the perfect life, does not know what she needs in order to be happy and relax.


title: Lauren Weisberger

text: In September 2008, Universal Pictures secured rights to the book, and it was translated into French, Dutch, and Italian. In some European countries, the novel was released under the separate title "Chanel Chic". In Italy, the title is "Un anello da Tiffany & Co" ("A ring from Tiffany & Co"). In France, the title is "" (Sex, Diamonds, and maybe more...)


title: Lauren Weisberger

text: "Last Night at Chateau Marmont" was released in August 2010. It debuted at No. 9 on the "New York Times Bestseller List" on September 5, 2010.


title: Lauren Weisberger

text: "Revenge Wears Prada," a sequel to "The Devil Wears Prada", was released on June 4, 2013. It debuted at No. 3 on "The New York Times" Bestseller List.


title: Lauren Weisberger

text: "When Life Gives You Lululemons," a second sequel to "The Devil Wears Prada," was released in 2018. It follows the character of Emily Charlton, Miranda's Priestly's assistant played by Emily Blunt in the movie adaptation. This book has also been published under the title "The Wives".


title: Lauren Weisberger

text: "Where the Grass Is Green and the Girls Are Pretty" was released in May 2021. This book has also been published as a paperback in the United Kingdom and Ireland under the title "One Little Lie".


title: Lauren Weisberger

text: Her short story "The Bamboo Confessions" is included in the anthology "American Girls About Town". It is about a New York City backpacker who travels around the world and, in so doing, begins to view her love life back home in a different light.


title: Space blanket

text: A space blanket (also known as a Mylar blanket, emergency blanket, first aid blanket, safety blanket, thermal blanket, weather blanket, heat sheet, foil blanket, or shock blanket) is an especially low-weight, low-bulk blanket made of heat-reflective, thin, plastic sheeting. They are used on the exterior surfaces of spacecraft for thermal control, as well as by people. Their design reduces the heat loss in a person's body, which would otherwise occur due to thermal radiation, water evaporation, or convection. Their low weight and compact size before unfurling make them ideal when space or weight are at a premium. They may be included in first aid kits and with camping equipment. Lost campers and hikers have an additional possible benefit: the shiny surface flashes in the sun, allowing its use as an improvised distress beacon for searchers and as a method of signalling over long distances to other people.


title: Space blanket

text: the material comprises a thin sheet of plastic (often PET film) that is coated with a metallic, reflecting agent, making it metallized polyethylene terephthalate (MPET) that is usually gold or silver in color, which reflects up to 97% of radiated heat.


title: Space blanket

text: For use in space, polyimide (e.g. Kapton, UPILEX) substrate is usually chosen due to its resistance to the hostile space environment, large temperature range (cryogenic to −260 °C and for short excursions over 480 °C), low outgassing (making it suitable for vacuum use), and resistance to ultraviolet radiation. Aluminized Kapton, with foil thickness of 50 and 125 µm, was used on the Apollo Lunar Module. The polyimide gives the foils their distinctive amber-gold color.


title: Space blanket

text: Space blankets are made by vacuum-depositing a very precise amount of pure aluminum vapor onto a very thin, durable film substrate.


title: Space blanket

text: In their principal usage, space blankets are included in many emergency, first aid, and survival kits because they are usually waterproof and windproof. That, along with their low weight and ability to pack into a small space, has made them popular among outdoor enthusiasts and emergency workers. Space blankets are often given to marathoners and other endurance athletes at the end of races, or while waiting before races if the weather is chilly. The material may be used in conjunction with conductive insulation material and may be formed into a bag for use as a bivouac sack (survival bag).


title: Space blanket

text: In first aid, the blankets are used to prevent or counter hypothermia. A threefold action facilitates this:


title: Space blanket

text: In a hot environment, they can be used to provide shade or protection against radiated heat, but using them to wrap a person would be counterproductive, because body heat would get trapped by the airtight foil. This effect would exceed any benefit gained from heat reflection to the outside. Wearing a space blanket produces an insignificantly slower cooling rate after running in hot, humid conditions.


title: Space blanket

text: Space blankets are used to reduce heat loss from a person's body, but as they are constructed of PET film, they can be used for other applications for which this material is useful, such as insulating containers (e.g. DIY solar concentrators) and other applications.


title: Space blanket

text: In addition to the space blanket, the United States military also uses a similar blanket called the "casualty blanket". It uses a thermal reflective layer similar to the space blanket, backed by an olive drab-colored, reinforcing, outer layer. It provides greater durability and warmth than a basic space blanket at the cost of greater bulk and weight. It is also used as a partial liner inside the layers of bivouac sacks in very cold weather climates. Space blankets were also used by the Taliban to hide their heat signature from NATO forces.


title: Tubal ligation

text: Tubal ligation (commonly known as having one's "tubes tied") is a surgical procedure for female sterilization in which the fallopian tubes are permanently blocked, clipped or removed. This prevents the fertilization of eggs by sperm and thus the implantation of a fertilized egg. Tubal ligation is considered a permanent method of sterilization and birth control.


title: Tubal ligation

text: Female sterilization through tubal ligation is primarily used to permanently prevent a patient from having a spontaneous pregnancy (as opposed to pregnancy via in vitro fertilization) in the future. While both hysterectomy (the removal of the uterus) or bilateral oophorectomy (the removal of both ovaries) can also accomplish this goal, these surgeries carry generally greater health risks than tubal ligation procedures.


title: Tubal ligation

text: Less commonly, tubal ligation procedures may also be performed for patients who are known to be carriers of mutations in genes that increase the risk of ovarian and fallopian tube cancer, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2. While the procedure for these patients still results in sterilization, the procedure is chosen preferentially among these patients who have completed childbearing, with or without a simultaneous oophorectomy.


title: Tubal ligation

text: Most methods of female sterilization are approximately 99% effective or greater in preventing pregnancy. These rates are roughly equivalent to the effectiveness of long-acting reversible contraceptives such as intrauterine devices and contraceptive implants, and slightly less effective than permanent male sterilization through vasectomy. These rates are significantly higher than other forms of modern contraception that require regular active engagement by the user, such as oral contraceptive pills or male condoms.


title: Tubal ligation

text: Many forms of female-controlled contraception rely on suppression of the menstrual cycle using progesterones and/or estrogens. For patients who wish to avoid hormonal medications because of personal medical contraindications such as breast cancer, unacceptable side effects, or personal preference, tubal ligation offers highly effective birth control without the use of hormones.


title: Tubal ligation

text: Occluding or removing both fallopian tubes decreases the likelihood that a sexually transmitted infection can ascend from the vagina to the abdominal cavity, causing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or a tubo-ovarian abscess. Tubal ligation does not eliminate the risk of PID, and does not offer protection against sexually transmitted infections.


title: Tubal ligation

text: Partial tubal ligation or full salpingectomy (a tubal ligation method that relies upon the physical removal of the fallopian tube) reduces the lifetime risk of developing ovarian or fallopian tube cancer later in life. This is true both for patients who are already known to be at high risk for ovarian or fallopian tube cancer secondary to genetic mutations, as well as women who have the baseline population risk.


title: Tubal ligation

text: Most tubal ligation procedures involve accessing the abdominal cavity through incisions in the abdominal wall and require some form of anesthesia. Major complications from laparoscopic surgery may include need for blood transfusion, infection, conversion to open surgery, or unplanned additional major surgery, while complications from anesthesia itself may include hypoventilation and cardiac arrest. Major complications during female sterilization are uncommon, occurring in an estimated 0.1–3.5% of laparoscopic procedures, with mortality rates in the United States estimated at 1–2 patient deaths per 100,000 procedures. These complications are more common for patients with a history of previous abdominal or pelvic surgery, obesity, and/or diabetes.


title: Tubal ligation

text: While female sterilization procedures are highly effective at preventing pregnancy, there is a small continuing risk of unintended pregnancy after tubal ligation. Several factors influence the likelihood of failure: increased time since sterilization, younger age at the time of sterilization, and certain methods of sterilization are all associated with increased risk of failure. Pregnancy rates at 10 years after sterilization vary depending on the type of procedure used, documented as low as 7.5 per 1,000 procedures to as high as 36.5 per 1,000 procedures.


title: Tubal ligation

text: Overall, all pregnancies, including ectopic pregnancies, are less common among patients who have had a female sterilization procedure than among patients who have not. However, if patients do have a pregnancy after tubal ligation, a greater percentage of these will be ectopic; approximately one third of pregnancies that occur after a tubal ligation will be ectopic pregnancies. The likelihood of ectopic pregnancy is higher among women sterilized before age 30 and differs depending on the type of sterilization procedure used.


title: Tubal ligation

text: The majority of patients who undergo female sterilization procedures do not regret their decisions. However, regret appears to be more common among patients who undergo sterilization at a young age (often defined as younger than 30 years old), patients who are unmarried at the time of sterilization, patients who identify as a non-white race, patients with public insurance such as Medicaid, or patients who undergo sterilization immediately after or soon after the birth of a child. Regret has not been found to be associated with the number of children a person has at the time of sterilization.


title: Tubal ligation

text: Patients who have undergone female sterilization procedures have minimal or no changes in their menstrual patterns. They were more likely to have perceived improvements in their menstrual cycle, including decreases in the amount of bleeding, in the number of days of bleeding, and in menstrual pain.


title: Tubal ligation

text: Studies of hormone levels and ovarian reserve have demonstrated no significant changes after female sterilization, or inconsistent effects. There is no strong evidence that women undergoing sterilization will experience earlier onset of menopause.


title: Tubal ligation

text: Sexual function appears unchanged or improved after female sterilization compared with non-sterilized women.


title: Tubal ligation

text: Patients who had tubal occlusion surgeries have been found to be four to five times more likely to undergo hysterectomy later in life than those whose partners underwent vasectomy. There is no known biologic mechanism to support a causal relationship between tubal ligation and subsequent hysterectomy, but there is an association across all methods of tubal ligation.


title: Tubal ligation

text: Some women who have undergone tubal ligation prior to an endometrial ablation procedure experience cyclic or intermittent pelvic pain; this may happen in up to 10% of women who have undergone both surgeries.


title: Tubal ligation

text: Given its permanent nature, tubal ligation is contraindicated in patients who desire future pregnancy or who want to have the option of future pregnancy. In such cases, reversible methods of contraception are recommended.


title: Tubal ligation

text: Since most forms of tubal ligation require abdominal surgery under regional or general anesthesia, tubal ligation is also relatively contraindicated in patients for whom the risks of surgery and/or anesthesia are unacceptably high considering their other medical issues.


title: Tubal ligation

text: Tubal ligation through blocking or removing the tubes may be accomplished through an open abdominal surgery, a laparoscopic approach, or a hysteroscopic approach. Depending on the approach chosen, the patient will need to undergo local, general, or spinal (regional) anesthesia. The procedure may be performed either immediately after the end of a pregnancy, termed a "postpartum" or "postabortion tubal ligation", or more than six weeks after the end of a pregnancy, termed an "interval tubal ligation". The steps of the sterilization procedure will depend on the type of procedure being used. (See Tubal ligation methods below.)


title: Tubal ligation

text: If the patient chooses a "postpartum tubal ligation", the procedure will further depend on the delivery method. If the patient delivers via Cesarean section, the surgeon will remove part or all of the fallopian tubes after the infant has been delivered and the uterus has been closed. Anesthesia for the tubal ligation will be the same as that being used for the Cesarean section itself, usually regional or general anesthesia. If the patient delivers vaginally and desires a postpartum tubal ligation, the surgeon will remove part or all of the fallopian tubes usually one or two days after the birth, during the same hospitalization.


title: Tubal ligation

text: If the patient chooses an "interval tubal ligation", the procedure will typically be performed under general anesthesia in a hospital setting. Most tubal ligations are accomplished laparoscopically, with an incision at the umbilicus and zero, one, or two smaller incisions in the lower sides of the abdomen. It is also possible to perform the surgery without a laparoscope, using larger abdominal incisions. It is also possible to perform an interval tubal ligation hysteroscopically, which may be performed under local anesthesia, moderate sedation, or full general anesthesia. While no methods of hysteroscopic sterilization are currently on the market in the United States as of 2019, the Essure and Adiana systems were previously used for hysteroscopic sterilization, and research trials are investigating new hysteroscopic approaches.


title: Tubal ligation

text: There are a number of methods of removing or occluding the fallopian tubes, some of which rely on medical implants and devices.


title: Tubal ligation

text: Performed immediately after a delivery, this method removes a segment, or all, of both fallopian tubes. The most common techniques for partial bilateral salpingectomy are the Pomeroy or Parkland procedures. The ten year pregnancy rate is estimated at 7.5 pregnancies per 1000 procedures performed, and the ectopic pregnancy rate is estimated at 1.5 per 1000 procedures performed.


title: Tubal ligation

text: This method removes both tubes entirely, from the uterine cornuae out to the tubal fimbriae. This method has recently become more popular for female sterilization, given evidence to support the fallopian tube as the potential site of origin of some ovarian cancers. Some large medical systems such as Kaiser Permanente Northern California have endorsed complete bilateral salpingectomy as the preferred means of female sterilization and professional medical societies such as the Society of Gynecologic Oncology and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommend discussing the benefits of salpingectomy during counseling for sterilization. While complete bilateral salpingectomy theoretically should have an efficacy rate that approaches 100 percent and eliminates the risk of tubal ectopic pregnancy, there is not high quality data available comparing this method to older methods.


title: Tubal ligation

text: This method uses electric current to cauterize sections of the fallopian tube, with or without subsequent division of the tube. The ten year pregnancy rate is estimated at 6.3 to 24.8 pregnancies per 1000 procedures performed, and the ectopic pregnancy rate is estimated at 17.1 per 1000 procedures performed.


title: Tubal ligation

text: This method uses electric current to cauterize the tube, but also allows radiating current to further damage the tubes as it spreads from the coagulation site. The tubes may also be transected after cauterization. The ten year pregnancy rate is estimated at 7.5 pregnancies per 1000 procedures performed.


title: Tubal ligation

text: This method uses a tubal clip (Filshie clip or Hulka clip) to permanently clip the fallopian tubes shut. Once applied and fastened, the clip blocks movement of eggs from the ovary to the uterus. The ten year pregnancy rate is estimated at 36.5 pregnancies per 1000 procedures performed, and the ectopic pregnancy rate is estimated at 8.5 per 1000 procedures performed.


title: Tubal ligation

text: This method involves a doubling over of the fallopian tubes and application of a silastic band to the tube. The ten year pregnancy rate is estimated at 17.7 pregnancies per 1000 procedures performed, and the ectopic pregnancy rate is estimated at 8.5 per 1000 procedures performed.


title: Tubal ligation

text: This method places two ligatures (sutures) around the Fallopian tube and removing the segment of tube between the ligatures. The medial ends of the Fallopian tubes on the side closer to the uterus are then connected to the back of the uterus itself.


title: Tubal ligation

text: This method involves dissecting the Fallopian tube from the overlying connective tissue (serosa), placing two ligatures and excising a segment of the tube, then buries the end of the Fallopian tube closest to the uterus underneath the serosa. Dr. Uchida reported no failures among 20,000 procedures.


title: Tubal ligation

text: This method closed the fallopian tubes through a hysteroscopic approach by placing two small metal and fiber coils in the fallopian tubes through the fallopian ostia. After insertion, scar tissue forms around the coils, blocking off the fallopian tubes and preventing sperm from reaching the egg. It was removed from the US market in 2019.


title: Tubal ligation

text: This method closed the fallopian tubes through a hysteroscopic approach by placing two small silicone pieces in the fallopian tubes. During the procedure, the health care provider heated a small portion of each fallopian tube and then inserts a tiny piece of silicone into each tube. After the procedure, scar tissue formed around the silicone inserts, blocking off the fallopian tubes and preventing sperm from reaching the egg. It was removed from the US market in 2012.


title: Tubal ligation

text: All tubal ligation procedures are considered permanent and are not reliably reversible forms of birth control. Patients who wish to have the option of future pregnancy should ideally be directed towards effective but reversible forms of birth control, rather than sterilization procedures. Examples of this include intrauterine devices. However, patients who desire pregnancy after having undergone a female sterilization procedure have two options.


title: Tubal ligation

text: Tubal reversal is a type of microsurgery to repair the fallopian tube after a tubal ligation procedure. Successful pregnancy rates after reversal surgery are 42-69%, depending on the sterilization technique that was used.


title: Tubal ligation

text: Alternatively, in vitro fertilization (IVF) may allow patients with absent or occluded fallopian tubes to successfully carry a pregnancy. The choice of whether to attempt tubal reversal or move straight to IVF depends on individual patient factors, including the likelihood of successful tubal reversal surgery and the age of the patient.


title: Tubal ligation

text: Most laparoscopic methods of interval tubal ligation are outpatient surgeries and do not require hospitalization overnight. Patients are counseled to expect some soreness but to expect to be ready to perform daily activities 1–2 days after surgery. Patients undergoing postpartum tubal ligations will not be delayed in their discharge from the hospital after birth, and recovery is not significantly different from normal postpartum recovery.


title: Tubal ligation

text: The first modern female sterilization procedure was performed in 1880 by Dr. Samuel Lungren of Toledo, Ohio, in the United States. Hysteroscopic tubal ligation was developed later by Mikulicz-Radecki and Freund.


title: Tubal ligation

text: Since its development, female sterilization has been periodically performed on patients without their informed consent, often specifically targeting marginalized populations. Given this history of human rights abuses, current sterilization policy in the United States requires a mandatory waiting period for tubal sterilization on Medicaid beneficiaries. This waiting period is not required for private insurance beneficiaries, which has the effect of selectively restricting low-income women's access to tubal sterilization.


title: Tubal ligation

text: Of the 64% of married or in-union women worldwide using some form of contraception, approximately one third (19% of all women) used female sterilization as their contraception, making it the most common contraceptive method globally. The percentage of women using female sterilization varies significantly between different regions of the world. Rates are highest in Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, North America, Oceania, and selected countries in Western Europe, where rates of sterilization are often greater than 40%; rates in Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Eastern Europe, however, are significantly lower, sometimes less than 2%. An estimated 180 million women worldwide have undergone surgical sterilization, compared to approximately 42.5 million men who have undergone vasectomy.


title: Tubal ligation

text: In the United States, female sterilization is used by 30% of married couples and 22% of women who use any form of contraception, making it the second-most popular contraceptive after the birth control pill. Slightly more than 8.2 million women in the US use tubal ligation as their main form of contraception, and approximately 643,000 female sterilization procedures are performed each year in the United States.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: Spider-Girl (May "Mayday" Parker) is a superheroine appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. She has been referred to as both Spider-Girl and Spider-Woman. The character appears in the MC2 universe. The character was created by Tom DeFalco and Ron Frenz as the teenage daughter of Peter Parker (Spider-Man) and Mary Jane Watson, and first appeared in "What If" #105 (February 1998). She later acquired her own ongoing comic book, "Spider-Girl", written by DeFalco and drawn by Frenz and Pat Olliffe, which was the longest-running superhero book with a lead female character ever published by Marvel before being relaunched as "The Amazing Spider-Girl", and later "The Spectacular Spider-Girl".


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: The character will make her cinematic debut in the 2023 feature film "", with an infant Mayday depicted as the daughter of Peter B. Parker and his universe's Mary Jane Watson, and an adult Mayday (from a different universe) depicted as a member of Miguel O'Hara's Spider-Forces.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: Spider-Girl first appeared in a one-shot story in the ongoing series "What If". Following positive fan response to the concept, "Spider-Girl" and two other series ("A-Next" and "J2") set in the same alternate future universe were launched under the MC2 imprint. Although each of these titles were slated to be 12-issue limited series, "Spider-Girl"'s initial sales justified their continuation as ongoing titles.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: After initial interest, "Spider-Girl" drew low sales. The book's active fan base convinced Marvel to revoke several cancellation announcements. Reprints of the series in digest size trade paperbacks sold well. Marvel Associate Editor Nick Lowe revealed in a Nov. 2005 interview that ""Spider-Girl", for the first time, is completely safe from cancellation."


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: Despite Lowe's statement, Marvel announced that No. 100 would be the title's final issue. The book was relaunched as "The Amazing Spider-Girl", with issue #0 appearing in Oct. 2006.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: On October 11, 2008, Tom DeFalco announced that "The Amazing Spider-Girl" would be canceled with issue #30, though he revealed that, due to the company's love for the character, she could possibly be given a sixteen-page back-up strip in "The Amazing Spider-Man Family". On November 8, 2008, Marvel EIC Joe Quesada confirmed that Spider-Girl would become a feature in the monthly anthology magazine "Amazing Spider-Man Family". The series would replace the feature "Mr. and Mrs. Spider-Man", written by DeFalco, which served as a prequel series to the Spider-Girl universe.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: On March 18, 2009, Marvel announced that Spider-Girl would continue publication as "The Spectacular Spider-Girl", a web-comic released through Marvel's Digital Comics Unlimited. The title would continue to be simultaneously published in paper form within "Amazing Spider-Man Family". "The Amazing Spider-Man Family" #5 (published April 2009) through No. 8 (July 2009) contained these Spider-Girl stories until the title's cancellation with issue #8.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: The new "The Spectacular Spider-Girl" stories were then contained in "Web of Spider-Man". This lasted for seven issues before being moved to its own four-issue limited series, "Spectacular Spider-Girl", which tied up most of the series plot threads. This was followed by one last Spider girl tale, "Spider-Girl: The End".


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: In November 2010, a new "Spider-Girl" series was launched that was unconnected to the MC2 universe. The MC2 Spider-Girl title was cancelled, having surpassed publisher expectations for longevity. The new series featured a new character, Anya Corazon, whose adventures occurred on Earth 616. The series was canceled after only eight issues. No official reason was given for the cancellation. This character returned for a "Spider Island" limited series.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: Mayday and her family were reintroduced, as part of the "Spider-Verse" crossover event, in the eighth issue of the third volume of "The Amazing Spider-Man", which was the first story with Mayday to be written by Dan Slott, the first time a fully-grown Mayday appeared in the pages of her father's flagship title, and the first story to highlight the "Spider-Marriage" in the regular comics since 2007's controversial "".


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: She appeared again, handled by the original creative team, in July 2015 as part of Marvel's Secret Wars event, serving as a backup story in Christos Gage's "Spider-Island". She also returned for the sequel event to "Spider-Verse", "Spider-Geddon". Shortly after her father reunited with her family, Mayday reverted back to her original Spider-Girl codename. In November 2022, a new serialized adventure starring Mayday was launched on the Marvel Unlimited Infinity Comics app, with the story penned by Stephanie Williams.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: May "Mayday" Parker is the daughter of Peter and Mary Jane Parker and the great-niece of Aunt May in the future, alternate universe continuity. Peter and Mary Jane named their daughter after his Aunt May. In the MC2 continuity, they were reunited with their baby girl by Kaine, who found the child living with Alison Mongraine, the con artist who had kidnapped the baby on instruction from the Green Goblin. After they were reunited, Peter lost a leg during the horrific final conflict with the Green Goblin. After the battle Peter was offered a bionic replacement from Mister Fantastic but, considering it a wake-up call, decided to retire and focus on being a husband and father (the battle is glimpsed in "Spider Girl" #7, and fully explained in "Spider Girl" #49). For years, they chose to keep their past from May and hoped that she wouldn't develop powers of her own.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: Despite her parents' hopes, May began developing versions of her father's spider-powers when she was 15. At the same time, Normie Osborn, grandson of the original Green Goblin, set out to restore the family name. May donned Ben Reilly's Spider-Man costume to stop him and soon took to crime-fighting, at first hindered, then helped, by her worried real parents.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: May shares traits of both of her parents. Like her mother, she is a beautiful, charismatic, and a popular student in her high school, and she is intelligent and talented just like her father. She also inherited his love for in-fight bantering and his intolerance for injustice. Even without her spider powers, she is a very good athlete and excelled in her girls' basketball team until she quit, her resignation coming after the manifestation of her powers. On the one hand, May seems to have inherited the "Parker luck" in which her dual identity wreaks havoc in her private life. On the other hand, her superhero career, unlike her father's, begins with her successfully protecting her family. From the early part of her career onward, Spider-Girl has developed a reputation for avoiding unnecessary battles with anyone and reforming her former adversaries, like Normie Osborn and Raptor. Spider-Girl quickly establishes herself in the superhero community and gets along with other superheroes easily, gaining reserve status in the Avengers and allies in the New Warriors and Fantastic Five.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: In "The Amazing Spider-Girl," May promises to give up costumed super-heroics, dates Eugene Thompson, and runs for student council. When Mary Jane becomes aware that the Hobgoblin poses a threat to her goddaughter's teenage friends, she allows May to resume her activities as Spider-Girl (a situation they wanted to keep secret from Peter). After a battle with the Hobgoblin, May tells her godfather the truth, and after a conversation with Mary Jane, they allowed May to resume her Spider-Girl identity. After Mary Jane has an argument with May's real parents, she realizes that May will come to the truth about Peter someday but Peter planned it all along. Because of this action, she continues her fight to keep the city safe.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: After an attempt at helping the S.H.I.E.L.D. government agency, a case filled with a piece of the Carnage symbiote was released. It attaches itself to May's friend Moose, who becomes the new Carnage. In exchange, Carnage will bond itself to Moose's terminally ill father, curing him in the process. Carnage causes a stir at May's school and kidnaps Peter and Baby Ben, forcing May to confront her friend. May tries to talk to Moose within the symbiote but fails, and it bonds with her cousin Ben. Peter escapes as May battles the two symbiotes and gathers sonic gear that may be able to defeat the symbiote. However, it is May who uses the weapons, thereby destroying the piece of the Carnage symbiote. Her success is not without a measure of collateral damage: not only is Moose furious at Spider-Girl for dooming his father, but the sonic weapon renders Ben deaf.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: Ben's hearing is eventually restored thanks to the intervention of Normie Osborn. Normie later stumbles on one of Norman Osborn's former labs and discovers a fluid tank containing what appears to be a physical duplicate of May Parker. Notes left behind by his grandfather indicate that this Mayday is the original he kidnapped years ago, hinting that the Mayday raised by Peter and MJ is yet another clone.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: Fury the Goblin Queen begins acting out the Green Goblin's final gambit against Peter Parker. While kidnapping the retired Spider-Man, Fury also activates a signal that awakens the unconscious girl within the Osborn labs' tank. The changeling escapes, confronting Mayday on the roof of her high school just as she is changing into Spider-Girl. The two briefly battle before being caught in an explosion. A critically injured May is rescued from the debris by Araña's forces. Araña is suddenly traumatized by her own ordeal, and, thinking that May might not survive her ordeal, offers to merge with her. However, she intervenes in a vision quest that Mayday is undergoing. By aiding her to overcome a force she was meant to overcome alone, she obstructs Spider-Girl from uncovering whether or not she is the true May; mainly because May is half Latina on her father's side and Araña is only going by the trauma she went through not thinking of what could happen to May and her school. Araña also has an ulterior motive: by assuming the body and power of Spider-Girl she hopes to take the Black Tarantula, an adversary and former lover, by surprise and defeat him. Araña successfully completes the merger and temporarily assumes control of May's body, leaving May and a third, blond woman who shares her name (later revealed to be the spirit of Aunt May) trapped within Araña's body.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: Meanwhile, the changeling emerges from the blast relatively unharmed and attempts to resume May's life. However, her presence deeply disturbs Benjy. She later receives a call from Normie, telling her about the capture of Peter Parker, leading the changeling into taking on the role of Spider-Girl.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: The two women are restored to their rightful bodies while in battle with others. May, in Araña's body, runs into the changeling just as Araña, in May's body, enters the lair of the Black Tarantula. The Black Tarantula is able to see through Araña's trick and nearly knocks her unconscious, just as May, in Araña's body, is knocked unconscious as well, leading the two of them to recover their original bodies.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: Normie Osborne, along with Kaine, Phil Urich (in his Green Goblin Costume), Darkdevil, and Raptor, tries to rescue Peter Parker from Fury's hands, unaware of the fact that Peter has absorbed the mind and memories of the original Norman Osborn. This leads to a fight between the assembled heroes and Peter, now possessed by the Green Goblin. May arrives just as Peter/Green Goblin reunites with the changeling, who is revealed to have been genetically spliced with the DNA of the Venom symbiote, giving her similar metamorphic powers displayed by Spidercide, but without the need for a host like normal symbiotes.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: Bonding with his "daughter" (and, unintentionally, Spider-Girl), the possessed Peter declares himself as "The Goblin God" and begins to go on a rampage, while May finds herself trapped within her father's mental psyche. With the aid of the spiritual influence of her Great Aunt May Parker, as well as flashbacks to the day she healed Normie Osborn's psychological scars, Mayday and Peter are able to overcome Norman in a psychic duel and convince the Brand New May that May is a good person (but May tries to attack the changeling). Norman is seemingly defeated, but not before he denies Mayday the chance to discover whenever or not she is the true daughter of Peter and Mary Jane or the clone. Mary Jane is rescued from near-death by Benjy, who reveals he has developed organic webbing.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: With the Brand New May uncertain of her place, May proposes she become a member of the Parker family; Mary Jane agrees, though Peter distrusts her and objects to the idea. May takes a walk, reflecting on how her parents, baby brother, and potential new twin sister have overcome so much and truly become "An Amazing Spider-Man Family".


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: The following story-line sees Mayday and her clone (now named April) begin to steadily grow as crime-fighting partners, with April proving at times to be unstable and far more intense and ruthless than her "cousin" Mayday. At one point, April murders Tombstone when she believes him to have murdered May.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: In the meantime, whilst trying to control the rising gang warfare in New York City as well as keep her unruly cousin in line with both her temper and powers, Mayday's relationship with comic book artist and friend Wesley begins to blossom into a deeper bond, and Wes at times demonstrates hints that he knows May's identity. April briefly attempts to play mischievous match-maker with the pair by posing as May, but Wes sees through her deception. April eventually takes on the name "Mayhem" and embraces her symbiotic, intense, no-nonsense nature and cuts herself off from The Parker family to pursue a life as a vigilante who answers to no one.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: "The Spectacular Spider-Girl" title concludes with May having a nightmare that she sacrificed herself to save April's life. However, in the far future, a future incarnation of April uses Doctor Doom's time machine to return to the present and convince her past self to act responsibly, she does and saves Mayday's life at the cost of her own and at the cost of the future that came to be. May is later united with Wes, who reveals that he does indeed know May's true identity and they kiss, beginning a relationship.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: In the "Spider-Verse" storyline, Daemos, a member of the Inheritors and a relative of Morlun, attacked the Parker home and set it ablaze. Despite Wes' best efforts to help her, May is badly beaten. Peter, whose bionic leg is busted, frees May only to be caught in Daemos' grasp. Mary Jane hands baby Ben to May and tells her to run while she goes to help Peter. Daemos kills Peter and seemingly Mary Jane too. Two alternate universe Spider-Men consisting of Spider-UK and Last Stand Spider-Man appear in time to save May and Ben as Daemos emerges from the Parker home. May vows to avenge her family for what he has done.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: May and the alternative Spiders later travel to Earth-616, where they recruit its version of Peter Parker alongside his most recent partner Silk and his clone Kaine. May reveals her identity to Peter, revealing that they have met before earlier in his timeline (when she travelled back in time to the events of "The Amazing Spider-Man" #25). The Spiders take the three to a safe zone where they eventually also come into contact with a team led by the "Superior Spider-Man" Otto Octavius. When Peter and Octavius clash and do battle with each other, Mayday requests that Captain Universe Spider-Man intervene and stop the fighting, as better time and energy could be spent tracking down the Inheritors, but the Cosmic Spider refuses. Peter eventually wins the fight. The safe zone is then compromised by The Inheritors, led by their father Solus, Cosmic Spider is killed, May is easily defeated, and can only look on helplessly as Baby Benjy is captured, and it is revealed that he is "The Scion", a vital part of a prophecy that also involves "The Other" (Kaine) and "The Bride" (Silk) Despite her earlier vow to kill the Inheritors, after seeing Otto kill the Inheritors' 'Master Weaver' to stop their plans for good, May reconsiders her stance, avoiding destroying a crystal containing the life-essence of the Inheritors' 'father'. With the crisis concluded, Spider-Ham assures May that, if her father was anything like him, he would be proud of what she just did, May accepting the compliment despite Spider-Ham's comical appearance. Returning to her world with the Ben Parker of Earth-3145—a world where Ben became Spider-Man and his family were killed, resulting in Earth being decimated by a nuclear apocalypse—May learns that her mother and Wes survived the Inheritors' attack, although her father gave his life to save them. With Ben deciding to remain on this world to be the grandfather no other Ben Parker had the chance to become, May, on her mother's encouragement, decides to don her father's costume to become Spider-"Woman".


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: Following the events of Secret Wars, the MC2 universe, along with most of the multiverse, is destroyed and is merged with several other alternate realities by God Emperor Doom into the patchwork planet called Battleworld. Mayday continues to protect the innocent as Spider-Woman, but still struggles to come to terms with her father's death. Many citizens still refer to her as Spider-Girl. However, after a battle against the Revengers, she donned a new costume and gained renewed hope for the future.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: Sometime within the eight months following the Incursions, Mayday joined Spider-Gwen, Spider-Man Noir, Spider-UK, Spider-Man India, Spider-Ham and Anya Corazon in protecting Earths without Spider-Men. After a romp on Earth-3015, Mayday confided to Gwen that she was still too concerned in leaving behind her mom and brother and told them to call her if they needed her. However, when an army of Electros attacked a nearby building in an attempt to steal silver, the two Spider-Women jumped into action, only for Gwen to get captured when Mayday attempted to rally the other Spiders. She then returned to Loomworld and informed Spider-Man (Paviitr Prabhakar), Spider-Ham (Peter Porker), and Karn of the situation regarding Gwen's kidnapping. She was later seen alongside the other members of the Warriors of the Great Web in order to investigate the scene of Gwen's kidnapping.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: In the 2018 comics event "Spider-Geddon" and the spin-off mini-series "Spider-Girls", Mayday is once again recruited to help the Web Warriors combat The Inheritors, who had managed to escape their confinement and had set up residence on Earth 616. Mayday and Anya are sent to the world of "" to recruit Annie May Parker, the second child Peter and MJ conceived after their version of Mayday died at birth.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: With Annie's parents assisting the war effort against The Inheritors on Earth 616, Mayday and Anya try to help Annie unlock the mysteries of the Spider-Scrolls and find a means of stopping their enemies. Annie learns that she is the pattern weaver, the fourth Spider involved in the prophecy alongside Mayday's brother Benjy (The Scion), Silk (The Bride), and The Other. After battling two of the Inheritors on Annie's world, Mayday, Anya and Annie retreat to Loomworld where they find the web of destiny has been sabotaged. They then use the scrolls to return to Earth 616 and use Annie's web-weaving powers to help the web warriors defeat the Inheritors and their leader Solos. Afterwards, it is revealed that The Other has resurrected Mayday's father back on her own world


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: Shortly after her father's resurrection, Mayday settled back into what passed for her regular life, allowing her hair to grow longer and reverting back to her original Spider-Girl codename. No longer dating Wes, Mayday began to flirt with a new student called Jason, and aided both pairs of Lady Hawks thwart a nearby crime. While her parents enjoyed reconnecting on date nights, Mayday would babysit her brother Benjy, now having grown into more of a tyke and now speaking


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: In the "End of Spider-Verse" event, Mayday at some unspecified point is attacked and infected by one of the many Spider-Wasps unleashed on the multiverse by the demonic Shathra, turning her against the other warriors of the web.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: May Parker inherited many of her abilities from her father, Peter Parker. May possesses superhuman strength but has less than her father, can leap several stories high, and can cover the width of a city block. Spider-Girl's reflexes are also heightened to levels well beyond that of an ordinary human. She heals somewhat faster than a normal human, and is more agile than Spider-Man.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: Spider-Girl can adhere to almost any surface through a bio-magnetic field her body generates, allowing her to scale the sides of a building, just like a spider. Wall-crawling doesn't come as naturally to May as Peter; she has to concentrate to keep herself from slipping off surfaces. In addition to adhering to surfaces, May can also repel herself like an opposing magnet, or she can repulse and adhere another object or person through a shared medium. For example, she can cause a person to stick to a wall they're touching just by touching that same wall and willing them to, or she can just as easily violently push them away.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: May Parker has inherited a "spider-sense", a clairvoyance that warns her of danger, that is somewhat more powerful and reliable than her father's. It tells her the direction a threat is coming from with a high level of accuracy. Through intensive training, she learned to fight blindfolded using only her spider-sense. She can use it to spot weaknesses in an opponent and use them to her advantage. She can also sense mundane threats or observations like her father, but unlike him, she can use it to sense deception. Her spider-sense is also capable of differentiating between various threats, allowing May to "recognize" a familiar danger. By touching her father's clone, Kaine, she experienced a shared precognitive vision, but she does not normally have that ability.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: May also has mechanical web-shooters based which are on Ben Reilly's web-shooter design, but longer and narrower. They can fire impact webbing and metal needles called "Stingers". May rarely uses the stingers, thinking them to be "too brutal". Her mobile phone is modified to attach to one of her web-shooters, and looks like one of its cartridges. She occasionally uses spider-tracers, but as they are tuned to her father's spider-sense and not hers, she needs a receiver to detect them. She wears a skin tight spandex unitard which she was uncomfortable with at first because of its revealing characteristics but has grown accustomed to it and even enjoys wearing it as she has been quoted as saying "it feels like a second skin."


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: Spider-Girl once lost her powers due to an electric shock. However, she borrowed the Green Goblin equipment from Normie Osborn until she regained them.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: May has also received martial arts training from the Ladyhawks and Elektra Natchios, as well as being drilled in the use of her powers by her father.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: Mary Jane became pregnant at the beginning of the Clone Saga. Impending fatherhood was one of the main reasons Peter retired as Spider-Man during that story-line, passing the mantle to Ben Reilly. However, at the end of the story, Mary Jane was poisoned by Alison Mongrain, an agent of the Green Goblin, and the baby was stillborn (or seemed to be, as Mongrain took the infant away with her). The stillbirth of his child, combined with the death of Ben Reilly at the hands of the Green Goblin that same night, prompts Peter to retake the Spider-Man identity.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: There were hints during the "Identity Crisis" story-line, one of Tom DeFalco's last story-lines on the title, that Baby May would be returned. Instead, the subplot was dropped, and a few issues later DeFalco was replaced by Howard Mackie and John Byrne. Under that team, Aunt May was brought back instead. In a flashback in "Spider-Girl" #49, an alternative version of this story was presented, with the younger May returned instead of the elder.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: However, baby May and her parents were never reunited in Marvel's main continuity. Editors repeatedly stated that the baby died, or at the very least would never be seen again; the child was considered a major factor in the aging of the characters. In "Marvel Knights Spider-Man" issue #9, Mac Gargan, while speaking of Norman Osborn, states "He kills your unborn child, you kill his son". To date, this is the most conclusive evidence of the infant's fate.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: The action in "The Amazing Spider-Man" #439 (Defalco's last on the title) takes place 1,000 years in the future. Two archaeologists stumble across relics belonging to Spider-Man (such as his web-shooters). They speculate on his career, and discuss other heroes who were inspired by him, Spider-Girl and Spider-Man 2099.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: In several interviews at Comic Book Resources following the publication of "One More Day," Joe Quesada mentioned that the Spider-Girl title would be the ideal place for disgruntled readers to follow the development of an aged, married Peter and M.J. as they raise a family. Quesada's comments were followed by a feature article on Spider-Girl with an interview with Tom Defalco, who acknowledged that Quesada was a fan of the character and the title. Moreover, during the '/' story arc, Peter and Mary Jane have visions of a very young girl with red hair, who, after the deal is made with Mephisto, is revealed to be the daughter they would never have now that the deal is done. Despite this, Quesada has stated that he feels the MC2 universe is the natural progression of the characters.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: During the "Sinister War" arc, it is revealed that Mephisto erased the Parkers' marriage to ensure that their daughter does not exist, as she would one day end his eventual reign over the Earth.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: There are two variant and alternate universe versions of Spider-Girl. One was raised by a Ben Reilly who survived after her father died during her childhood, as seen "What If?" vol. 2 #86, and later revealed in the "Paradise X: Heralds" miniseries. Another version of Spider-Girl is actually Venom, who is seen in the "Earth X" miniseries and its two sequels, "Universe X" and "Paradise X".


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: The Venom version of May Parker is later recruited by Kang the Conqueror as part of a scheme against the Apocalypse Twins and the Avengers Unity Squad.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: The world of MC2 is designated as "Earth-982". The world where Spider-Girl was raised by Ben Reilly is known as "Earth-1122" and the world featuring Venom as Spider-Girl along with the other heroes of the "Earth X" saga is known as "Earth-9997".


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: In 2009, Marvel published a miniseries based on the original plans for the Clone Saga. As in the original Clone Saga, Allison Mongraine kidnaps the infant May after she is born. However, the circumstances are a bit different. Mary Jane and Peter actually get to hold May before she is stolen, and Mongraine later hands the baby over to Kaine (who is working for the Green Goblin in this continuity). Holding the baby in his arms makes Kaine begin to doubt the Goblin's plans. His shadowy boss (later revealed to be Harry Osborn) notes to Kaine "You'll have to kill her if things go wrong." At the end of the series, Kaine returns May to Peter and Mary Jane.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: In a time-travel arc taking place in the UK-based publication "The Spectacular Spider-Man", aimed at a much younger audience, Peter meets a Spider-Girl whilst trailing the Sandman in the future. With the aid of Spider-Girl and H.E.R.B.I.E., Peter defeats the Sandman and returns to his own time with H.E.R.B.I.E. At the conclusion of the strip, Spider-Girl returns home to her parents, revealed as Peter and Mary Jane Parker, and unmasks to reveal the features of Mayday Parker. Mayday tells her parents of her experience with a "new Spider-Man", before Peter assures her that the individual she met was a past version of himself. Peter also reveals in the conversation that, like his MC2 counterpart, he was forced to abandon his career as Spider-Man due to a leg injury. This continuity is separate from both MC2 and 616, making this the second continuity to adapt the MC2 version of how Peter relinquished the Spider-Man identity.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: Mayday would again cross paths with her father's past self when Lady Octopus travels back in time to assassinate him. Mayday teams with her father but does not reveal her identity to him, despite desperately wanting to, for fear it may damage the timeline. The two defeat Lady Octopus and Mayday returns to the future.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: Tom Defalco briefly returned to his other Marvel creation Spider-Ham, an alternate version of Spider-Man that is a pig, in 2009 and 2010. Within those stories he introduced an alternate version of Spider-Girl known as Swiney-Girl. May "Mayday" Porker has similar background history with Spider-Girl, with her being the daughter of Peter Porker and Mary Crane Watsow, her father losing his leg after the final battle between Norman Osbird/Green Gobbler, and saving her father as Swiney-Girl from the grandson of the Green Gobbler, Norman Osbird Jr.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: In this continuity, Peter and Mary Jane have a daughter named Annie May Parker, who eventually becomes the superhero Spiderling. While it was believed she was the world's version of Spider-Girl, it eventually was revealed that the Clone Saga from the 616 continuity still happened in this world, which makes Annie May's younger sister.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: In this continuity, Peter and Mary Jane have twins named Claire and Benjy Parker. Despite having a different name, Claire bears a strong resemblance in both appearance and personality to Mayday. For the first ten years of their lives, the two were solely raised by Mary Jane in Portland, Oregon after she left Peter following a traumatic incident. In 1995, Peter lets Ben Reilly take over his life as Spider-Man and CEO of Parker Industries so he could return to his family. In the mid-2000s, Claire convinces Peter to return to New York and become Spider-Man once more shortly after Morlun kills Ben Reilly so he could stop Tony Stark from taking over Parker Industries and to lure Morlun away from his family. Despite his efforts, Morlun attacks the twins and Mary Jane in Oregon as Peter gets involved in the superhero Civil War. When Benjy discovers that Morlun is vulnerable when he is feeding off someone, he uses himself as bait to allow Claire the chance to impale him on a splintered log of wood. Benjy survives the assault, but is crippled for life. By 2019, Claire has become Spider-Woman (now wearing a costume similar to Ultimate Jessica Drew's), and is instructed by her father to stay behind to protect her brother and mother as he goes to space to end Doctor Doom's reign of terror on the planet.


title: Spider-Girl (Mayday Parker)

text: "Spider-Girl", "Amazing Spider-Girl", and "Spectacular Spider-Girl" have been collected in the following trade paperbacks:


title: Bigg Boss (Hindi season 5)

text: Bigg Boss 5 is the fifth season of the Indian reality TV show "Bigg Boss", which aired on Colors TV from 2 October 2011 to 7 January 2012 with Sanjay Dutt and Salman Khan as the hosts.


title: Bigg Boss (Hindi season 5)

text: During the launch on 2 October, fourteen hand-picked housemates entered the house located in Karjat, a town, about halfway between Mumbai and Pune in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Four additional wild card entries were made during the second, third, fourth and the end of seventh week taking the number of contestants to eighteen. Three guest entries, who stayed in the house for a couple of days, took the total number of inhabitants to twenty one. The housemates, considered strangers for each other, spent 98 days (14 weeks) locked out together under the supervision of 55 cameras fitted around the house.


title: Bigg Boss (Hindi season 5)

text: The series was won by actress Juhi Parmar on 7 January 2012. Runner-Up, Mahek Chahal returned to compete in "Bigg Boss Halla Bol".


title: Bigg Boss (Hindi season 5)

text: The opening episode was aired on 2 October 2011 presented by Sanjay Dutt and Salman Khan. This extravagant introductory episode to the season 5 showcased different features of the "Bigg Boss" house and introduced each of the participant. This season also had majority female contestants. It also featured Bollywood actors Ajay Devgn for the promo of their upcoming film "Rascals" and Samir Soni for promoting his new serial "Parichay" on Colors.


title: Bigg Boss (Hindi season 5)

text: The participation of the pornographic actress Sunny Leone was criticised by the Indian Artistes and Actors Forum (IAAF), who sent a request to the Minister of Information and Broadcasting, Ambika Soni, to take action against Colors for indirectly encouraging and promoting pornography in India via the introduction of an adult entertainer.


title: Bigg Boss (Hindi season 5)

text: The hosts Salman Khan and Sanjay Dutt were accused of intimidating behaviour towards some of the housemates, and some of the evicted housemates also accused Khan of favouring Mahek Chahal over other contestants. and Sanjay Dutt.


title: Here's Negan

text: "Here's Negan" is the twenty-second and final episode of the tenth season of the post-apocalyptic horror television series "The Walking Dead." The 153rd episode overall, the episode was directed by Laura Belsey and written by David Leslie Johnson-McGoldrick. "Here's Negan" was released on the streaming platform AMC+ on April 2, 2021, and aired on television on AMC two days later, on April 4, 2021.


title: Here's Negan

text: With Maggie Greene (Lauren Cohan) back at Alexandria, Carol Peletier (Melissa McBride) takes Negan (Jeffrey Dean Morgan) on a journey to minimize the increasing tension. There, Negan reflects on his late wife Lucille (Hilarie Burton-Morgan) and the events that led him to this point. In a major divergence from the source comic of the same name, "Here's Negan" ends with Negan returning to Alexandria to live full time rather than taking off on his own. The episode received acclaim from critics.


title: Here's Negan

text: Maggie is walking with her son Hershel in Alexandria when she meets Negan, sharing a tense stare with him. Carol observes this, and shortly after takes Negan to Leah's cabin, claiming the Alexandrian council voted to banish Negan so that he could live away from Maggie. Negan suspects this is Carol's doing and not the councils'. At night, Negan has hallucinations of his old antagonistic self and begins to debate himself. The next day, Negan returns to where he was defeated by Rick Grimes at the end of the Savior War, recalling how Michonne told him that his baseball bat "Lucille" was never recovered afterwards. Negan searches and digs up his long-lost bat as a walker approaches and he reflects on his past.


title: Here's Negan

text: Twelve years earlier, Negan encounters doctor Franklin (Miles Mussenden) and his adoptive daughter Laura, who eventually becomes a prominent savior. They give him his needed medicine, as well as Laura's baseball bat for defense. In unseen events Negan is captured and beaten by motorcycle gang Valak's Vipers, led by Craven (Rodney Rowland), who taunts Negan about his wife Lucille.


title: Here's Negan

text: Six weeks earlier, after society has fallen to the walkers, Negan treats his wife Lucille with scavenged medicine, attempting to follow a schedule provided from her doctor. After a walker is attracted by the noise of their generator, Negan turns it off, hoping that the walker will lose interest and leave; however Negan falls asleep without turning it back on, spoiling Lucille's medicine which is stored in a fridge. Devastated, he vows to find more medicine, but Lucille reveals she learned of an affair he had before the apocalypse, and knows that he is trying to make up for it; she insists that he has already made amends, and asks her to be with him as her inevitable death approaches. Negan refuses and leaves, unwilling to let her die and determined to make up for the past.


title: Here's Negan

text: Seven months earlier, at the apocalypse's onset, Negan is a deadbeat husband to Lucille (Hilarie Burton-Morgan). Having lost his job as a high school gym teacher he spends his time playing video games. He recklessly spends money on items, including what would soon be his signature leather jacket, and has been having an affair with Lucille's friend Janine. At some point shortly before the apocalypse, Lucille is diagnosed with cancer and discovers Negan's affair, though she chooses not to tell him that she knows about the latter.


title: Here's Negan

text: Negan's reflection on the past culminates with his reluctant betrayal of Franklin's location, and upon capturing Franklin and Laura the gang lets Negan go with the medicine. He returns to Lucille to find she has killed herself. A devastated Negan dons the leather jacket, burns their house down, and wraps the baseball bat in barbed wire. He returns to the bar Craven is based out of and kills most of Valak's Vipers, helping Franklin and Laura go free; Negan then uses the bat, which he names "Lucille", to kill a subdued Craven.


title: Here's Negan

text: In the present, the walker tries to attack Negan, but he kills it with Lucille. The blow combined with the bat's brittle condition after being buried and exposed to the elements for years causes Lucille to splinter and break beyond repair. That night, Negan memorializes his wife and apologizes to her for everything before burning the bat. At peace with his past, Negan returns to Alexandria, where Carol warns him that Maggie will likely try to kill him if he stays. She admits taking him to the cabin so his death would not be on her conscience – but now that he has returned, she will feel no guilt if he does die. Negan accepts whatever fate befalls him, and walks back into Alexandria, answering Maggie's hateful stare with a smile.


title: Here's Negan

text: This episode features Hilarie Burton-Morgan (real-life wife of Jeffrey Dean Morgan) as Lucille, Negan's late wife. Her casting was first announced on November 3, 2020. The episode also guest stars Rodney Rowland and Miles Mussenden, whose casting were announced on January 6, 2021. The episode also brings back Lindsley Register as Laura who appears in Negan's flashbacks. Laura died in the episode "Stalker" and also appeared in one of Michonne's hallucinations in "What We Become".


title: Here's Negan

text: Dalton Ross of "Entertainment Weekly", interviewed Burton and was very comfortable with her character as Lucille and said: "It was definitely already on the page. What was great about Lucille is that, a lot of times when characters, particularly women, get diagnosed with cancer, all of a sudden they're written as these ethereal, angelic creatures."


title: Here's Negan

text: During an interview with Brandon Davis of Comicbook.com, Burton expressed gratitude for working together with her husband Jeffrey Dean Morgan and said: "I'm really lucky in my career that I don't really audition for work. I work with my friends and so I do that intentionally because I like having a short hand with the people that I'm working with. And so you'll see me work a lot with old co-stars from "One Tree Hill", or "White Collar", or other jobs that I've done. But to work with my spouse, like the person that I go to sleep with, and brush my teeth with, and cook with, and do all the things with, that took it to a whole other level. And if anything, I really had difficulty restraining myself and getting emotional because Lucille is supposed to be this bad-ass, like she's the tough one. She's the rock and Negan is the emotional one."


title: Here's Negan

text: The song "Back in Black" by AC/DC is used in the scene where Negan is playing video games. Also used is the song "You Are So Beautiful" by Joe Cocker, which is described by Negan in the episode as "probably the greatest love ballad ever written" and is Lucille's favorite song.


title: Here's Negan

text: "Here's Negan" received widespread critical acclaim, with many hailing it as one of the best episodes of the series. On Rotten Tomatoes, the episode has an approval rating of 86% with an average score of 9 out of 10, based on 14 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads: "Jeffrey Dean Morgan's chemistry with real-life partner Hilarie Burton adds a bittersweet authenticity to "Here's Negan," a strong season finale that brings shades of humanity to one of The Walking Dead's most irredeemable characters."


title: Here's Negan

text: Ron Hogan of "Den of Geek" gave the episode a 5/5 rating, praising Morgan's performance, and wrote: "With "Here's Negan," Jeffrey Dean Morgan was given a major opportunity to show off his acting chops, and he absolutely shines".


title: Here's Negan

text: Jeffrey Lyles of "Lyles' Movie Files" gave it a 10/10 rating and wrote: "Here's Negan provided some stellar context for The Walking Dead's best villain. And in the process provided one of the best, most emotional episodes in the entire series." Zach Marsh of "FilmSpeak" gave the episode an "A+" - the highest possible grade on the site - calling it the series' best episode and adding that it "belongs on the same kind of “best episodes of the decade” lists that the likes of “Ozymandias” or “The Suitcase”...seemed to dominate," also opining that Morgan's performance was worthy of an Emmy nomination.


title: Here's Negan

text: Alex McLevy writing for "The A.V. Club" praised the episode with a qualification of B+ and in his review he said: ""Here's Negan" makes sense as the final installment of these bonus season 10 episodes, not only because it's the best of the bunch, but because it effectively bookends the first, Maggie-centric episode, bringing their histories full circle." Erik Kain in his "Forbes" gave a review positive, said: "This was truly one of the best episodes of The Walking Dead in years. One of the best since the early seasons certainly, and the best of these six bonus episodes without a doubt."


title: Here's Negan

text: Matt Fowler for "IGN" gave it a 8/10 wrote that the episode "Lucille is no longer an idea, as Burton gives us a full and vibrant character who can see the good person tucked away inside a bratty, selfish sneak." Paul Dailly of "TV Fanatic" gave the episode 5 out of 5 and praised the performances of Morgan and Burton, during his review he wrote: "I think it's fair to say that Jeffrey Dean Morgan and Hilarie Burton Morgan deserve all the awards for their work on "Here's Negan.""


title: Here's Negan

text: Writing for "io9", Rob Bricken gave a negative review, and said: "The episode decides to use multiple flashbacks within flashbacks, which are so wildly uneven that they're much more awkward than compelling."


title: Here's Negan

text: The episode was seen by 2.12 million viewers in the United States on its original air date, above the previous episodes.


title: Takaya Kuroda

text: He is best known for his bass voice, which has usually seen him cast in villainous roles such as the voice of Yaiba in "GoGo Sentai Boukenger". He is best known to western audiences for providing the voice of Kazuma Kiryu, the protagonist of the "Like a Dragon" series. Because of his vocal resemblance to the late Hirotaka Suzuoki, he was chosen to replace Suzuoki as the voice of Starscream in "" as Suzuoki's health deteriorated. Kuroda is also the lead singer of the rock band "Takaya Kuroda & Goodfellas".


title: Rie Tanaka

text: When Tanaka was in elementary school, she was a member of the book club. She loved to read to others, and would give picture story shows to the younger students in the morning before the homeroom teacher came to the classroom. One of the activities of the book committee was to hold a picture-story show competition in the audio-visual room, and when the students saw her picture-story show, they were delighted. She loved reading and illustrations to begin with, especially those of Mutsumi Inomata, and her desire to become a voice actress was directly triggered when she bought and listened to the drama CD "CD Theater Dragon Quest", whose jacket illustration was done by Inomata, at a bookstore.


title: Rie Tanaka

text: When she was in high school, she was a member of the Manga Research Club and participated in the Manga Nationals, where she directly appealed to Kazuhiko Shimamoto, a judge from her hometown, that she wanted to be a voice actor. After graduating from high school, she moved to Tokyo and enrolled in the voice acting course at Yoyogi Animation Academy. As she was very fond of reading and taking care of children, becoming a nursery teacher was also a big dream of hers. She was torn between going on to higher education and becoming a nursery teacher or becoming a voice actor, but she chose the latter because she wanted to bring her voice to children in a larger world, not stopping at one world. While still in school, Tanaka won the grand prize at the vocal audition held by MediaWorks & Scitron Digital Contents. She made her debut in the entertainment industry when she sang the opening theme song for the PlayStation version of "Eien no Shin'yū" in "Yūkyū Gensōkyoku 2nd Album". This is why her debut as a singer was earlier than her debut as a voice actor. At the same time, she also participated in the theatrical anime "Rurouni Kenshin: The Motion Picture" as a minor role. She made her debut as an agency voice actress in 1999, playing the role of Mitsuki Sanada, one of the heroines in "Dual! Parallel Trouble Adventure". 2006 saw her first starring role as Hiroko Matsukata in "Hataraki Man".


title: Rie Tanaka

text: Due to management reasons, Tanaka moved from Dramatic Department, to which she had belonged for many years, to Retreat on April 1, 2008, and to Office Anemone on March 1, 2019.


title: Rie Tanaka

text: In addition to voice acting, Tanaka is also active in music, singing character songs for some works, and sometimes releasing singles under her own name. On April 26, 2019, it was announced that she will be working as a Youtuber under the show name "Rie Tanaka TV."


title: Rie Tanaka

text: Tanaka's favorite phrase is "Never get discouraged, never run away, never give up," and she has been actively increasing her Twitter friends since around 2010, including Rina Satō and Kenjiro Hata. However, on June 23, 2013, a man with a knife intruded a "Neptunia" promotion where Tanaka was present, yelling "Give me Tanaka! I am the victim!". In the hustle, Tanaka fell and bruised her knee, and after the incident, she took a break from Twitter and later returned in 2014.


title: Rie Tanaka

text: On June 17, 2012, Tanaka announced on her blog that she had married voice actor Kōichi Yamadera. A year later, she disbanded her official fan club, "Cafe de Rie." She co-starred with Yamadera as Kusuo's maternal grandparents in 2016's "The Disastrous Life of Saiki K.". On August 3, 2018, she announced on Twitter that she and Yamadera had divorced in July.


title: Rie Tanaka

text: Released September 10, 2003, Victor Entertainment. The album reached No. 34 on Oricon weekly chart and stayed on charts in 4 weeks.


title: Engagement ring

text: An engagement ring, also known as a betrothal ring, is a ring indicating that the person wearing it is engaged to be married, especially in Western cultures. A ring is presented as an engagement gift by a partner to their prospective spouse when they propose marriage or directly after a marriage proposal is accepted. It represents a formal agreement to future marriage. In most Western countries, engagement rings are worn mostly by women, and rings can feature diamonds or other gemstones. The neologism "mangagement ring" is sometimes used for an engagement ring worn by men. In some cultures, including Northern Europe, both partners wear matching rings, and engagement rings may also be used as wedding rings. In the Anglosphere, the ring is customarily worn on the left hand ring finger, but customs vary considerably elsewhere across the world.


title: Engagement ring

text: Historically, engagement rings are blessed and then worn during the betrothal ceremony of a couple, but neither the engagement ring nor any other ring is worn at the time when the wedding ring is put by the groom on the finger of the bride as part of the marriage ceremony, and sometimes by the bride onto the groom's finger. After the wedding, the engagement ring is usually put back on and is usually worn on the outside of the wedding ring. In the present-day, the giving of the engagement ring "constitutes the subarrhatio".


title: Engagement ring

text: Although the ancient Egyptians are sometimes credited with inventing the engagement ring, and the ancient Greeks with adopting the tradition, the history of the engagement ring can only be reliably traced as far back as ancient Rome.


title: Engagement ring

text: In many countries, engagement rings are placed on the ring finger of the left hand. At one time it was believed that this finger contained a vein (the vena amoris) that led to the heart. This idea was popularized by Henry Swinburne in "A treatise of Spousals, or Matrimonial Contracts" (1686). The story seems to have its origin in the ancient Roman book "Attic Nights" by Aulus Gellius quoting Apion's "Aegyptiacorum", where the alleged vein was originally a "nervus" (a word that can be translated either as "nerve" or "sinew").


title: Engagement ring

text: The popular belief that an engagement ring was originally part of the bride price which represented purchase and ownership of the bride, has been called into question by contemporary scholarship.


title: Engagement ring

text: In the second century BC, the Roman bride-to-be was given two rings, a gold one which she wore in public, and one made of iron which she wore at home while attending to household duties. At one time Roman citizens wore rings made of iron. In later years senators who served as ambassadors were given gold seal rings for official use when abroad. Later the privilege of wearing gold rings was extended to other public officials, then to the knights, later to all freeborn, and finally under Justinian, to freedmen. For several centuries it was the custom for Romans to wear iron rings at home, gold rings in public. During this period a girl or woman might receive two engagement rings, one of iron and one of gold.


title: Engagement ring

text: The mid-7th century Visigothic Code required "that when the ceremony of betrothal has been performed, ..., and the ring shall have been given or accepted as a pledge, although nothing may have been committed to writing, the promise shall, under no circumstances, be broken."


title: Engagement ring

text: In 860 AD, Pope Nicholas I wrote a letter to Boris I of Bulgaria in reply to questions regarding differences between Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox practices. Pope Nicholas describes how in the Western church the man gives his betrothed an engagement ring. At the Fourth Council of the Lateran in 1215, convoked by Pope Innocent III, the banns of marriage was instituted, prohibiting clandestine marriages and requiring that marriages be made public in advance. Some legal scholars have seen in this a parallel with the engagement-ring tradition described by Pope Nicholas I.


title: Engagement ring

text: The first well-documented use of a diamond ring to signify engagement was by the Archduke Maximilian of Austria in the imperial court of Vienna in 1477, upon his betrothal to Mary of Burgundy. This then influenced those of higher social class and of significant wealth to give diamond rings to their loved ones.


title: Engagement ring

text: During the Protestant Reformation the wedding ring replaced the betrothal ring as the primary ring associated with marriage. In Catholic countries the transition took place somewhat later.


title: Engagement ring

text: During the Age of Enlightenment both the gimmal rings and posie rings were popular, although the latter was more often used as an expression of sentiment than to indicate a formal engagement.


title: Engagement ring

text: In South Africa, diamonds were first found in 1866, although they were not identified as such until 1867. By 1872, the output of the diamond mines exceeded one million carats per year. As production increased, those of lesser means were able to join in on this movement. However, diamond engagement rings were for a long time seen as the domain of the nobility and aristocracy, and tradition often favoured simpler engagement bands.


title: Engagement ring

text: In 1852, the ‘Kohinoor’ diamond was re-cut and embellished in Queen Victoria’s crown. This triggered a diamond rush throughout the world.


title: Engagement ring

text: In the United States, the popularity of diamond engagement rings declined after World War I, even more so than after the onset of the Great Depression.


title: Engagement ring

text: In 1938, the diamond cartel De Beers began a marketing campaign that would have a major impact on engagement rings. During the Great Depression of the 1930s, the price of diamonds collapsed. At the same time, market research indicated that engagement rings were going out of style with the younger generation. Before World War II, only 10% of American engagement rings contained a diamond. While the first phase of the marketing campaign consisted of market research, the advertising phase began in 1939. One of the first elements of this campaign was to educate the public about the 4 Cs (cut, carats, color, and clarity). In 1947 the slogan "a diamond is forever" was introduced. Ultimately, the De Beers campaign sought to persuade the consumer that an engagement ring is indispensable, and that a diamond is the only acceptable stone for an engagement ring. The sales of diamonds in the United States rose from $23 million to $2.1 billion between 1939 and 1979.


title: Engagement ring

text: Law professor Margart F. Brining links the surge in engagement ring sales in the USA after 1945 to the abolishment of the "breach of promise", that had entitled a woman whose fiancé had broken off their engagement to sue him for damages. This rule of law was especially important for many women who had been sexually intimate with the fiancé, but were socially expected to be virgins in a new marriage, therefore lost "market value". After the gradual abolishment of that law action in all states the expensive engagement ring rose to popularity as a new financial security in case of a break-up, since it was custom for the women to keep the ring (partly only under the condition that the break-up was not seen as her fault).


title: Engagement ring

text: In the early 21st century, the jewellery industry started marketing engagement rings for men under the name "mangagement rings".


title: Engagement ring

text: In the 20th century, if he could afford it, the typical Western groom privately selected and purchased an engagement ring, which he then presented to his desired bride when he proposed marriage. In countries where both partners wear engagement rings, matching rings may be selected and purchased together. In the United States and Canada, where only women traditionally wear engagement rings, women also occasionally present their partners with an engagement gift.


title: Engagement ring

text: Like all jewellery, the price for an engagement ring varies considerably depending on the materials used: the design of the ring, whether it includes a gemstone, the value of any gemstone, and the seller. The price of the gemstones, if any, in the ring depends on the type and quality of the gem. Diamonds have a standardized description that values them according to their carat weight, color, clarity, and cut. Other gemstones, such as sapphires, rubies, and emeralds have different systems. The jewellery may be chosen to honor a family tradition, to use family heirlooms, to have an unusual style, to have socially responsible characteristics (e.g., a style that is not associated with blood diamond controversy or the pollution caused by gold mining and cyanide process), to fit the individual's stylistic preferences, or to manage cost. Synthetic stones and diamond substitutes such as cubic zirconias and moissanites are also popular choices that are socially responsible and reduce cost while maintaining the desired appearance.


title: Engagement ring

text: The idea that a man should spend a significant fraction of his annual income for an engagement ring originated from De Beers marketing materials in the mid-20th century in an effort to increase the sale of diamonds. In the 1930s, they suggested that a man should spend the equivalent of one month's income in the engagement ring. In the 1980s, they suggested that he should spend two months' income on it (three months in Japan). In 2012, the average cost of an engagement ring in the US as reported by the industry was US$4,000. In a 2015 scholarly study, almost a quarter of couples said that they did not buy a ring, and another third spent less than US$2000 on it. Less than 15% of couples spent $4,000 or more. In the UK, estimates of the average cost of an engagement ring range from £1200 to £2000. Scholarly research indicates that expensive engagement rings are associated with early divorces, possibly because spending more than US$2,000 on an engagement ring is strongly associated with debt-related stress. Couples that spend less money on engagement rings and the wedding ceremony tend to have longer marriages and a lower risk of divorce.


title: Engagement ring

text: One reason for the increased popularity of expensive engagement rings is its relationship to human sexuality and the woman's marriage prospects. In the United States, until the Great Depression, a man who broke off a marriage engagement could be sued for breach of promise. Monetary damages included actual expenses incurred in preparing for the wedding, plus damages for emotional distress and loss of other marriage prospects. Damages were greatly increased if the woman had engaged in sexual intercourse with her fiancé. Beginning in 1935, these laws were repealed or limited. However, the social and financial cost of a broken engagement was no less: marriage was the only financially sound option for most women, and if she was no longer a virgin, her prospects for a suitable future marriage were greatly decreased. The diamond engagement ring thus became a source of financial security for the woman.


title: Engagement ring

text: The online purchase of engagement rings is growing, disrupting the market for the diamonds by bringing greater transparency to an industry that has traditionally relied on opacity. Online diamond retailers and e-commerce platforms include Blue Nile, Brilliant Earth, and Costco.


title: Engagement ring

text: Gold (Available in Yellow Gold, White Gold and Rose Gold) and platinum are preferred for engagement rings, but common metal types such as titanium, silver, and stainless steel are also used for engagement rings. This allows for the bride-to-be to exert her own individual style into the ring in a simple manner.


title: Engagement ring

text: In the United States, where engagement rings are worn by women, diamonds have been widely featured in engagement rings since the middle of the 20th century. Solitaire rings have one diamond. The most common setting for engagement rings is the solitaire prong setting, which was popularized by Tiffany & Co. in 1886 and its six-claw prong setting design sold under the "Tiffany setting" trademark. The modern favorite cut for an engagement ring is the brilliant cut, which provides the maximum amount of sparkle to the gemstone. The traditional engagement rings may have different prong settings and bands. Another major category is engagement rings with side stones. Rings with a larger diamond set in the middle and smaller diamonds on the side fit under this category. Three-stone diamond engagement rings, sometimes called "trinity rings" or "trilogy rings", are rings with three matching diamonds set horizontally in a row with the bigger stone placed in the center. The three diamonds on the ring are typically said to represent the couple's past, present, and future, but other people give religious significance to the arrangement.


title: Engagement ring

text: A wedding set, or bridal set, includes an engagement ring and a wedding band that matches and can be bought as a set. In some cases, the wedding ring looks incomplete; it is only when the two halves, engagement and wedding, are assembled that the ring looks whole. In other cases, a wedding set consists of two rings that match stylistically and are worn stacked, although either piece would look appropriate as a separate ring. Although the wedding band is not to be worn until the wedding day, the two rings are usually sold together as a wedding set. After the wedding, the bride may choose to have the two pieces welded together, to increase convenience and reduce the likelihood of losing one of the rings. A trio ring set includes a women's engagement ring, a women's wedding band, and a men's wedding band. These sets often have matching rings and are lower in price.


title: Engagement ring

text: In Nordic countries, engagement rings are worn by both men and women. Traditionally they are plain gold bands, although more ornate designs and other materials are gaining popularity. The engagement rings resemble the wedding bands sold in the United States, whereas women's wedding rings may resemble US engagement rings.


title: Engagement ring

text: In North America and the United Kingdom, it is customarily worn on the left hand ring finger. Similar traditions purportedly date to classical times, dating back from an early usage reportedly referring to the fourth finger of the left hand as containing the "vena amoris" or "vein of love". This custom may have its origins in an ancient Egyptian myth that the finger contained a vein leading directly to the heart, or it may simply be because the heart lies slightly to the left side of the body. In Germany the ring is worn on the left hand while engaged, but moved to the right hand when married. In Poland and Turkey, the engagement ring and wedding band are traditionally worn on the right hand but modern practice varies considerably.


title: Engagement ring

text: Tradition generally holds that if the betrothal fails because the man himself breaks off the engagement, the woman is not obliged to return the ring. This reflects the ring's role as a form of compensation for the woman's damaged reputation. Legally, this condition can be subject to either a modified or a strict fault rule. Under the former, the fiancé can demand the return of the ring unless he breaks the engagement. Under the latter, the fiancé is entitled to the return unless his actions caused the breakup of the relationship, the same as the traditional approach. However, a no-fault rule is being advanced in some jurisdictions, under which the fiancé is always entitled to the return of the ring. The ring only becomes the property of the woman when marriage occurs. An unconditional gift approach is another possibility, wherein the ring is always treated as a gift, to be kept by the fiancée whether or not the relationship progresses to marriage. Recent court rulings have determined that the date in which the ring was offered can determine the condition of the gift. E.g. Valentine's Day and Christmas are widely recognized as gift-giving holidays in the United States and some other countries. A ring offered in the form of a Christmas present is likely to remain the personal property of the recipient in the event of a breakup.


title: Engagement ring

text: In most states of the United States, engagement rings are considered "conditional gifts" under the legal rules of property. This is an exception to the general rule that gifts cannot be revoked once properly given. See, for example, the case of "Meyer v. Mitnick", 625 N.W.2d 136 (Michigan, 2001), whose ruling found the following reasoning persuasive: "the so-called 'modern trend' holds that because an engagement ring is an inherently conditional gift, once the engagement has been broken, the ring should be returned to the donor. Thus, the question of who broke the engagement and why, or who was 'at fault,' is irrelevant. This is the no-fault line of cases." Though in certain states, whether a judicial action can be maintained at all to require return of an engagement ring is blocked by statute, as many states have statutes which state that no civil action shall be maintained for breach of promise to marry.


title: Engagement ring

text: One case in New South Wales, Australia ended in the man suing his former fiancée because she threw the ring away, after he told her she could keep it even though the marriage plans had fallen through. The Supreme Court of New South Wales held that, despite what the man said, the ring remained a conditional gift (partly because his saying that she could keep it reflected his desire to salvage the relationship) and she was ordered to pay him its A$15,250 cost.


title: Engagement ring

text: In England and Wales, the gift of an engagement ring is presumed to be an absolute gift to the fiancée. This presumption may be rebutted however by proving that the ring was given on condition (express or implied) that it must be returned if the marriage did not take place, for whatever reason. This was decided in the case "Jacobs v Davis" (1917).


title: Engagement ring

text: In the historic Christian traditions of Catholicism, Lutheranism and Anglicanism, engagement rings are blessed by a pastor and then worn by the couple during the betrothal rite (also known as 'blessing an engaged couple' or 'declaration of intention').


title: Engagement ring

text: In some countries it is common for both men and women to wear engagement rings. The rings are often in the form of a plain band of a precious metal. Sometimes, the engagement ring eventually serves as the wedding ring for the man. In Brazil, for example, the groom and bride-to-be usually wear a plain wedding band on the right hand during the course of their engagement. After the wedding, the band is moved to the left hand. In Argentina, it is also known for the groom and bride-to-be to wear a plain silver band on the left hand while engaged. Then, after the wedding the silver band is either replaced with the wedding ring or moved to the right hand.


title: Engagement ring

text: Traditionally, women in the British Isles may propose marriage to men during a leap year. Women proposing has become more common in recent years, to the point that some jewellery companies have started manufacturing men's engagement rings. They resemble typical men's rings, often with a diamond centrepiece. In the countries where both sexes have traditionally worn engagement rings, the rings tend to be plainer bands, and there is no real difference between men's and women's engagement ring designs.


title: JSX (airline)

text: JSX is an independent air carrier in the United States and Mexico that describes itself as a "hop-on jet service" which operates point-to-point flights between and within Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, and Texas in the United States and Baja California Sur in Mexico. The air carrier sells its flights as public air charters under DOT 14 CFR Part 380 and flights are operated by its subsidiary Delux Public Charter (as JSX Air) under FAA Part 135.


title: JSX (airline)

text: JSX operates Embraer ERJ-135 and ERJ-145 aircraft, each retrofitted with 30 seats, removed overhead bins, and in-row power.


title: JSX (airline)

text: The airline was originally founded as JetSuiteX in April 2016. According to chief executive officer (CEO) Alex Wilcox, the air carrier was created in response to declining short-haul traffic and the rise in fares on short-haul flights in the United States. Wilcox attributes these phenomena in part to long wait times in airports.


title: JSX (airline)

text: The company started operations on April 19, 2016, with its first flight between Burbank and Concord, both in California.


title: JSX (airline)

text: In September 2020, Orange County Board of Supervisors notified JSX that the airline would be barred from operating flights to John Wayne Airport in Orange County, California, starting January 1, 2021. Wilcox publicly addressed the situation through emails and social media, and a customer outreach program invited fliers to voice support for the carrier to continue its flights to Orange County. On December 14, 2020, JSX filed a lawsuit against the airport, stating that it has “refused to offer any accommodations” to the carrier and that the airport “discriminatorily chose" the termination "in favor of two large airlines [Allegiant and Spirit Airlines]." The first of the two operates the same routes from SNA as JSX. On December 23, 2020, the airline was granted a temporary restraining order against SNA, preventing the airport officials from terminating the airline's operations on the planned date of January 1, 2021. A spokeswoman told a news outlet that the airport will comply with the order. JSX continues to operate from the airport.


title: JSX (airline)

text: JetBlue and Qatar Airways are minority shareholders in JSX.<ref name="DFW Move/Investors"></ref> CEO Alex Wilcox was a founding executive of both JetBlue and Kingfisher Airlines.


title: JSX (airline)

text: JSX does not participate in any major global airline alliances, but holds a codeshare agreement with JetBlue, which includes JetBlue's TrueBlue loyalty program.


title: JSX (airline)

text: It is possible also for passengers to enter United Airlines MileagePlus numbers to earn miles on JSX.


title: JSX (airline)

text: Since all flights operate from private FBO terminals, there are no ticketing or baggage agreements at any location.