title: 2022 Cincinnati Bengals season

text: The Bengals started the 2022 season against their division rival Steelers in Cincinnati. The Steelers scored first in the first quarter when Minkah Fitzpatrick returned an interception 31 yards for a touchdown to make it 7–0. The Bengals made it 7–3 when Evan McPherson made a 59-yard field goal which was the longest in franchise history. The Steelers then went ahead 10–3 after Chris Boswell kicked a 20-yard field goal. In the second quarter, the Steelers moved ahead 17–3 after Mitchell Trubisky found Najee Harris on a 1-yard touchdown pass. The Bengals drew closer at halftime when McPherson made a 26-yard field goal to make it 17–6. After the break, the Bengals came within 3 in the third quarter when Joe Burrow found Tyler Boyd on a 2-yard touchdown pass (with a successful 2-point conversion) to make it 17–14. In the fourth quarter, the Steelers moved ahead by 6 when Boswell kicked a 48-yard field goal to make it 20–14. Later on in the quarter, the Bengals tied the game when Burrow found Ja'Marr Chase on a 6-yard touchdown pass. (with a blocked PAT) to send the game into overtime tied at 20–20. After going back and forth on possessions, the Steelers managed to win the game when Boswell kicked the game winning 53-yard field goal with seconds left to make the final score 23–20.


title: 2022 Cincinnati Bengals season

text: With their 3-game winning streak against the Steelers snapped, the Bengals started the season 0–1. Wins by the Browns and Ravens would leave them at the bottom of the AFC North. Joe Burrow committed 5 turnovers throughout the course of the game (4 interceptions, 1 lost fumble).


title: 2022 Cincinnati Bengals season

text: Despite a fourth quarter comeback, the Bengals allowed the Cowboys to claim the win by marching down the field in the dying seconds of the game. With the loss, Cincinnati dropped to 0–2. This marked the third 0–2 start in four seasons, as well as the first team since the 2015 Seattle Seahawks to start 0–2 after playing in the Super Bowl the year prior. This also marked the first 0–2 start by a defending AFC champion since the 1999 Denver Broncos started 0–4 after winning Super Bowl XXXIII.


title: 2022 Cincinnati Bengals season

text: After a disappointing 0–2 start to the season, the Bengals bounced back with a win against the Jets. Trey Hendrickson had 2.5 sacks, including 2 forced fumbles, and Joe Burrow threw for 275 yards and 3 touchdowns with no interceptions, preventing an 0–3 start.


title: 2022 Cincinnati Bengals season

text: On Thursday Night Football, the Bengals defeated the Miami Dolphins 27–15. The Bengals had a quick start, getting a touchdown in the first possession of the game from Joe Mixon. The Bengals defense also held the Dolphins offense to 1 touchdown.


title: 2022 Cincinnati Bengals season

text: In a primetime showdown on NBC, the Ravens won on a crucial 43-yard Justin Tucker field goal. With the loss, the Bengals dropped to 2–3.


title: 2022 Cincinnati Bengals season

text: With 1:57 left on the clock and a 2 point deficit, Joe Burrow connected with Ja'Marr Chase for a 60 yard touchdown, essentially winning the game. With the win, the Bengals improved to 3–3 and returned to .500


title: 2022 Cincinnati Bengals season

text: The Bengals jumped out to a 28–17 halftime lead before scoring the only points in the second half to make it 35–17 and improved to 4–3.


title: 2022 Cincinnati Bengals season

text: In the 2022 Battle of Ohio Round 1, the Browns made it an 11–0 halftime lead, scoring all the first half points in the second quarter. After the third quarter, they had made it 25–0. The Bengals finally got on the board in the fourth quarter, making it 25–6 by way of Joe Burrow's 13-yard touchdown pass to Tyler Boyd (with a failed PAT). Though, the Browns scored again, making it 32–6 with Nick Chubb's 11-yard touchdown run. Joe Burrow connected with Tee Higgins on a 41-yard touchdown pass for the final points of the game, making it 32–13.


title: 2022 Cincinnati Bengals season

text: The loss dropped the Bengals to 4–4. Joe Burrow's personal starting record against the Browns dropped to 0–4.


title: 2022 Cincinnati Bengals season

text: The Bengals jumped out to lead 35–0 at halftime before the Panthers finally got on the board in the third with Baker Mayfield's 8-yard touchdown pass to Tommy Tremble, making it 35–7. The Bengals made it 42–7 by way of Joe Mixon's 14-yard touchdown run. The Panthers scored the remaining points in the fourth, making the final score 42–21.


title: 2022 Cincinnati Bengals season

text: The Bengals were able to go into their bye week 5–4, which was coincidentally the same record they had in the first 9 games on the previous season.


title: 2022 Cincinnati Bengals season

text: Coming off of their bye week, the Bengals traveled for Round 2 against the Steelers. In the first quarter, the Bengals scored first when Evan McPherson kicked a 45-yard field goal to make it 3–0. The Steelers then tied it up when Matthew Wright kicked a 42-yard field goal to make it 3–3. The Bengals then moved back into the lead when Joe Burrow found Samaje Perine on a 29-yard touchdown pass to make it 10–3. In the second quarter, the Steelers tied the game up at 10–10 when Najee Harris ran for a 19-yard touchdown. The Bengals then moved into the lead again when Burrow and Perine connected on a 11-yard touchdown pass to make it 17–10. The Steelers were able to tie it up at 17–17 when Kenny Pickett found George Pickens on a 24-yard touchdown pass. They took the lead at halftime 20–17 when Wright kicked a 30-yard field goal. In the third quarter, the Bengals retook the lead when Burrow found Adam Cole on a 1-yard touchdown pass to make it 24–20. The Steelers drew closer when Wright kicked a 34-yard field goal to make it 24–23. The Bengals then pulled away when McPherson kicked a 54-yard field goal to make it 27–23. In the fourth quarter, the Bengals scored a couple more times including a touchdown where Burrow and Perine connected for the third time on a 6-yard touchdown pass for a 34–23 lead and then McPherson kicked a 44-yard field goal to make it 37–23. The Steelers concluded the scoring of the game when Harris ran for a 1-yard touchdown. After a failed onside kick, the Bengals won with a final score of 37–30.


title: 2022 Cincinnati Bengals season

text: After a close win, the Bengals traveled again to take on the Titans. The game was tied at 10–10 at halftime. In the third quarter, Evan McPherson kicked a 38-yard field goal to make it 13–10 Bengals before the Titans tied it up at 13–13 with Caleb Shudak's 24-yard field goal. The Bengals moved up 20–13 when Joe Burrow connected with Tee Higgins on a 27-yard touchdown pass. The Titans countered with another 38-yard field goal by Shudak. After getting stopped in the red zone, the Bengals kicked a field goal to make the score 23–16. However, a personal foul against the Titans took back the field goal and resulted into an automatic first down, ending the game and making the final score 20–16.


title: 2022 Cincinnati Bengals season

text: The Bengals then went home to take on the 9–2 Chiefs. After leading 14–10 at halftime, the Chiefs took a 17–14 lead in the third quarter by way of Isiah Pacheco's 8-yard touchdown run. The Bengals then tied it up at 17–17 when Evan McPherson kicked a 36-yard field goal. Patrick Mahomes then ran for a 3-yard touchdown to put the Chiefs back on top 24–17. The Bengals scored the remaining points in the fourth quarter with McPherson's 41-yard field goal, making it 24–20 and taking the lead with Joe Burrow's 8-yard touchdown pass to Chris Evans. After a missed 55-yard field goal by Harrison Butker, the Bengals faced 3rd and 11. The Bengals converted, making the final score 27–24.


title: 2022 Cincinnati Bengals season

text: The Bengals improved to 8–4 with the win. Joe Burrow's personal starting record against Patrick Mahomes improved to 3–0.


title: Haunt (2019 film)

text: Haunt is a 2019 American slasher film written and directed by Scott Beck and Bryan Woods. The film stars Katie Stevens, Will Brittain, and Lauryn McClain. Set on a Halloween night, it follows a group of friends who encounter a haunted house that promises to feed on their darkest fears. The night turns deadly as they come to the horrifying realization that some nightmares are real.


title: Haunt (2019 film)

text: "Haunt" premiered at Popcorn Frights Film Festival on August 8, 2019, and it had a limited release in the United States on September 13, by Momentum Pictures. The film received generally positive reviews from critics and grossed $2.4 million worldwide.


title: Haunt (2019 film)

text: On Halloween night in Carbondale, Illinois, roommates Harper and Bailey attend a party together where they meet with their friends Angela and Mallory. The group befriends two guys, Nathan and Evan, at a local bar. Throughout the night, Harper suspects she is being stalked by a man in a devil mask. The group encounters a haunted house attraction. Before they enter, they are forced to surrender their cell phones and sign liability waivers. The group becomes separated after entering a maze; Bailey, Nathan and Angela encounter a series of armholes. As Bailey sticks her arm inside, it is slashed with a straight razor. She also accidentally loses Harper's mom's ring, which she was wearing. Harper and Evan lose Mallory. They meet back up with the others and witness a performer in a witch mask impale Mallory through the head with a hot fire poker.


title: Haunt (2019 film)

text: Now believing they are in danger, the group sends Nathan to find an exit. He encounters a man in a ghost mask, "Mitch", who agrees to help. Devil Mask kills Angela. Bailey flees into the tunnels and accidentally activates the trap door, dropping Nathan into the house's operation rooms. He saves Harper from Devil Mask before finding the group's phones. Evan and Mitch make it outside, but Mitch kills him with a hammer before ripping off his face.


title: Haunt (2019 film)

text: Nathan manages to give the location of the house to Harper's abusive boyfriend, Sam, before making it out of the house. Harper enters an escape room very similar to her childhood bedroom where she witnessed her father abuse her mother. Devil Mask attacks her and she kills him. She then encounters another performer in a skull mask and kills them too, but is horrified to find that the person in the costume was Bailey, who was previously captured by the other performers. Sam arrives at the house, where he is promptly killed by the attraction's ringleader, a man in a clown mask.


title: Haunt (2019 film)

text: Nathan goes back inside to save the others but is attacked by Mitch, while Harper is attacked by a man in a zombie mask. She defeats her attacker before helping Nathan kill Mitch. They encounter a man in a vampire mask, who explains that the performers are part of a cult that makes extreme modifications to their faces to look like real monsters, and like to rip the faces off their victims. He is shot to death by Zombie Mask. Harper and Nathan escape the house, killing Witch Mask in the process. Zombie Mask attacks them but Nathan kills him before the two escape in Sam's truck. Clown Mask proceeds to burn down the attraction. Harper and Nathan reach a hospital, where the nurse asks Harper to write her address on a release form similar to the one they were asked to sign before entering the house.


title: Haunt (2019 film)

text: Sometime later, Clown Mask arrives at Harper's house with the intent of killing her, but becomes stuck in a trap by Harper, who emerges with a shotgun and kills him.


title: Haunt (2019 film)

text: In July 2017, it was announced Scott Beck and Bryan Woods, would write and direct the film. The film would be produced by Eli Roth, Todd Garner, Mark Fasano, Ankur Rungta, Vishal Rungta and executive produced by Nick Meyer, Marc Schaberg, Josie Liang, Jeremy Stein and Tobias Weymar. In October 2017, Katie Stevens, Will Brittain, Lauryn McClain, Andrew Caldwell, and Shazi Raja joined the cast of the film.


title: Haunt (2019 film)

text: Principal photography began in October 2017 in Covington, Kentucky. Production concluded in November 2017.


title: Haunt (2019 film)

text: The film had its world premiere at Popcorn Frights Film Festival on August 8, 2019 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida and its international premiere at FrightFest in London, England, on August 23, 2019. The Los Angeles premiere for "Haunt" took place at the Grauman's Egyptian Theatre on September 7, 2019. The film received a limited release on September 13, 2019, by Momentum Pictures. "Haunt" later premiered on Shudder, where it was ranked the #1 most watched movie premiere of 2019.


title: Haunt (2019 film)

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of based on reviews, with an average rating of . The site's critics consensus reads: ""Haunt" is spooked by the spirits of its obvious influences, but still packs enough thrills and chills to satisfy horror fans up for a haunted house excursion." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 69 out of 100, based on 5 critics, indicating "generally positive reviews".


title: Haunt (2019 film)

text: Albert Nowicki included the film on his list of "best Halloween movies of all time" for "Prime Movies".


title: Hereafter (film)

text: Hereafter is a 2010 American drama film directed and scored by Clint Eastwood, who also produced with Kathleen Kennedy and Robert Lorenz. The screenplay written by Peter Morgan. The film tells three parallel stories about three people affected by death in similar waysall three have issues of communicating with the dead; Matt Damon plays American factory worker George, who is able to communicate with the dead and who has worked professionally as a clairvoyant, but no longer wants to communicate with the dead; Cécile de France plays French television journalist Marie, who survives a near-death experience during the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami; and British schoolboy Marcus (played by Frankie and George McLaren), who loses the person closest to him. Bryce Dallas Howard, Lyndsey Marshal, Jay Mohr, and Thierry Neuvic have supporting roles.


title: Hereafter (film)

text: Morgan sold the script on spec to DreamWorks in 2008, but it transferred to Warner Bros. by the time Eastwood (who has a long-standing relationship with Warner Bros.) had signed on to direct in 2009. Principal photography ran from October 2009 to February 2010 on locations in London, San Francisco, Paris, and Hawaii.


title: Hereafter (film)

text: "Hereafter" premiered as a "Special Presentation" at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival on September 12, 2010. The film was given a limited release on October 15, 2010 and was released across North America on October 22, 2010. Although a box office success, the film received mixed reviews, with critics praising the plot and acting performances, while noting that the movie suffered from a lack of focus on the story.


title: Hereafter (film)

text: On assignment in India, French television journalist Marie Lelay is caught in the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Pulled lifeless from the water, she is resuscitated but left for dead. She gasps back to life after glimpsing the afterlife. Marie is reunited with her lover Didier after and they return to Paris. The experience interferes with her work, so Didier (also her producer) gives her a leave of absence.


title: Hereafter (film)

text: In San Francisco, George Lonegan reluctantly agrees to perform a psychic reading for Christos, a wealthy client of his brother Billy. An actual medium, George quit as a psychic due to the emotional, disturbing impact of communicating with the dead. George asks if “June” means anything, which Christos denies; later he tells Billy that June was his late wife's nurse, with whom he was in love.


title: Hereafter (film)

text: In London, 12-year-old twins Jason and Marcus try to prevent their alcoholic, heroin-addicted mother Jackie from losing them to social services. Evading the authorities, Jackie sends Jason to the chemist to pick up her detox prescription, having finally decided to get clean. Running from street thugs, Jason is hit by a van and killed. Social services then put Marcus into a foster home.


title: Hereafter (film)

text: Marie travels to Switzerland to meet a hospice director, a former skeptic now convinced the afterlife exists. She persuades Marie to write a book on her experience, in hopes the scientific community will accept the reality of life beyond death.


title: Hereafter (film)

text: Desperate for a reunion with his brother, Marcus steals money from his foster parents and seeks help to contact Jason, but only encounters frauds. Boarding the London underground at Charing Cross, Jason's cap blows off Marcus’ head. Anxious to find it, he misses his train, which explodes during the 2005 London Bombings.


title: Hereafter (film)

text: At a cooking class, George is partnered with Melanie. Hitting it off, they prepare dinner at George's home, where a phone message from Billy forces him to reveal his ability as a psychic. Melanie persuades George to contact the spirit of her father, who asks forgiveness for what he did to her as a child. Melanie flees in tears, and does not return to the cooking class.


title: Hereafter (film)

text: Having been in talks with a publisher about a biography of François Mitterrand, Marie stuns them with her new manuscript: ""Hereafter: A Conspiracy of Silence"". The publisher rejects the work, but steers her toward another in London. Marie learns Didier does not intend to give back her job, as her reputation has been damaged from her interest in the hereafter, and he is sleeping with another woman, effectively ending their relationship.


title: Hereafter (film)

text: Laid off from his factory job, George is persuaded by Billy to revive his psychic practice. However, he impulsively travels to London, on a Dickens kick, listening to Derek Jacobi’s audiobooks, visiting the Charles Dickens Museum and attending Jacobi's live reading at the London Book Fair, where Marie is also reading her now published book, "Hereafter". Handing George a signed copy, he has a flash of her near-drowning.


title: Hereafter (film)

text: At the event with his foster parents, Marcus spots George, who he has read about online. George brushes him off and returns to his hotel, but Marcus stands outside until George agrees to do a reading. Through George, Jason tells Marcus he is happy in the afterlife, and that he had knocked off his cap to save Marcus at the train station, and not to fear being alone "because we are one". With this closure, Marcus visits his mother, who is improving in a rehab center.


title: Hereafter (film)

text: George leaves a note for Marie, inviting her to a café, He has a vision of them kissing. Their shared glimpses of the hereafter having made them better appreciate life, George and Marie sit together.


title: Hereafter (film)

text: Peter Morgan wrote the script on spec, and it was bought by DreamWorks in March 2008. The deal was reportedly worth a "low-seven-figure advance". Executive producer Steven Spielberg was initially concerned that the low-key ending to the script would put audiences off the film, so Morgan rewrote it to be grander. However, subsequent drafts restored the original ending. Following its split from Paramount Pictures, DreamWorks retained the script, and began talks with Clint Eastwood to direct. Eastwood was signed on in November 2008. By the time of Matt Damon's casting in 2009, the script was being developed under the supervision of Eastwood's Malpaso Productions for Warner Bros. Eastwood was attracted to the script because he was keen to direct a supernatural thriller, and liked how Morgan incorporated real-world events into fiction. Eastwood told "LA Weekly", "There's a certain charlatan aspect to the hereafter, to those who prey on people's beliefs that there's some afterlife, and mankind doesn't seem to be willing to accept that this is your life and you should do the best you can with it and enjoy it while you’re here, and that'll be enough. There has to be immortality or eternal life and embracing some religious thing. I don't have the answer. Maybe there is a hereafter, but I don't know, so I approach it by not knowing. I just tell the story."


title: Hereafter (film)

text: Production was based in the United Kingdom, due to tax incentives and funding from the UK Film Council, though filming locations spanned three countries. Filming commenced in France on October 19, 2009. A days filming was done at the old Belle Epoque, Le Grand Hôtel-Restaurant du Montenvers, in the village of Planet, near Chamonix. The hotel building was transformed into a Swiss hospice for scenes between Cécile de France and Marthe Keller. A cordon was set up around the area to prevent local residents and paparazzi taking photographs of the set, though the mayor of Chamonix was allowed through for a brief meeting with Eastwood. Production then moved to Paris for four days. On October 21, a short scene between de France and Mylène Jampanoï was filmed in a stairwell inside the France Télévisions building.


title: Hereafter (film)

text: In the first week of November, production moved to London for three weeks of filming in locations including Bermondsey and in Walworth. Scenes were also filmed on the Heygate Estate. On November 7, scenes were filmed in Petticoat Lane Market and at the Cafe Le Jardin in Bell Lane. Scenes were also filmed in an auditorium at Red Lion Square and at Camberwell New Cemetery. The room was redressed to represent a fictional Center For Psychic Advancement, which the Marcus character visits. De France filmed the underwater scene in a studio tank at Pinewood Studios. After these scenes were shot, production was halted, as Matt Damon was working on another film.


title: Hereafter (film)

text: Filming resumed on January 12, 2010; Eastwood filmed scenes with de France for three days on the Hawaiian island of Maui. On the first day, scenes were filmed in the lobby and guest rooms of the Sheraton Maui Resort & Spa in Kaanapali. On January 13, scenes were filmed on Front Street in Lahaina. A hundred crew worked on the scenes. The location managers were given permission by Lahaina authorities to close a small section of the street in order to film scenes depicting "an unnamed, South Pacific-type outdoor marketplace, complete with outdoor shopping stalls and street vendors". The location manager explained to the "Lahaina News", "Front Street's proximity to the water and the architecture of its buildings help supply a look that will require much less transformation towards this goal than other locations which were under consideration". The street was closed off to vehicles on the evening of January 12. The scene—the first scene of the film—depicts Cécile de France's character coming out of her hotel just as a tsunami hits the island. The aftermath of the tsunami was filmed on January 14 at a property in Kapalua.


title: Hereafter (film)

text: Production next moved to the San Francisco Bay Area. On January 19, scenes featuring Damon were shot at the California and Hawaiian Sugar Company refinery in Crockett, California, and the exterior of C&H Sugar is seen on screen. The location was not announced until filming had concluded, for fear that large crowds would gather to watch. Filming also took place in Nob Hill, San Francisco and Emeryville. While production was in the Bay Area, it employed 300 local extras and crew members. Production returned to London on January 29 to shoot Damon's final scenes. Later in the month, the London Book Fair was recreated inside the Alexandra Palace for a scene featuring George and Marie. Publishers including Random House had their stands built for the three-day shoot, two months before the real London Book Fair took place. Filming wrapped afterwards.


title: Hereafter (film)

text: Visual effects work was carried out by Los Angeles-based Scanline VFX. 169 effects were created, the key sequence of which was the tsunami, which features "full CG water shots and CG water extensions to water plates, digital doubles, CG set extensions, matte paintings, digital make-up fx and full CG environments with extensive destruction, from toppling digital palm trees to colliding digital cars". An effect described as the "hereafter effect" also appears, "[giving] the viewer glimpses into the afterlife".


title: Hereafter (film)

text: After initial speculation by "Variety" that the film would be released in December 2010, Warner Bros. announced that "Hereafter" would go on general release in the United States and Canada on October 22, 2010.


title: Hereafter (film)

text: A pre-release screening of "Hereafter" was held on August 10, 2010. The film had its world premiere on September 12, 2010 at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival. The theatrical trailer was attached to "The Town" and "Life as We Know It". "Hereafter" was also screened on October 10, 2010 as the Closing Night Film of the 48th New York Film Festival. The film was given a limited release on October 15, 2010.


title: Hereafter (film)

text: A few days after the 11 March 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan, the film was withdrawn from all cinemas in that country, two weeks earlier than originally planned. "Warner Bros. spokesperson Satoru Otani said the film's terrifying tsunami scenes were 'not appropriate' at this time."


title: Hereafter (film)

text: "Hereafter" has received mixed reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes 47% of 235 reviews were positive, with an average rating of 5.70/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "Despite a thought-provoking premise and Clint Eastwood's typical flair as director, "Hereafter" fails to generate much compelling drama, straddling the line between poignant sentimentality and hokey tedium." Metacritic, gave the film a weighted average score of 56% based on 41 reviews. Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade "C+" on a scale of A+ to F.


title: Hereafter (film)

text: Roger Ebert, gave it four out of four, calling it a film that "considers the idea of an afterlife with tenderness, beauty and a gentle tact. I was surprised to find it enthralling." Justin Chang of Variety called it "A beguiling blend of the audacious and the familiar; it dances right on the edge of the ridiculous and at times even crosses over, but is armored against risibility by its deep pockets of emotion, sly humor and matter-of-fact approach to the fantastical."


title: Hereafter (film)

text: William Thomas of Empire magazine gave it 2 out of 5 and called it "Slow, ponderous and as shallow as it thinks it is deep, lifted only by an impressive opening and fine work from Damon and Howard."


title: Hereafter (film)

text: The film received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects, but lost to another Warner Bros. film, "Inception". It won the Visual Effects Society Award for Outstanding Supporting Visual Effects in a Feature Motion Picture and was also nominated in the category of Outstanding Compositing in a Feature Motion Picture.


title: Jersey Mike's Subs

text: A Sub Above, LLC., doing business as Jersey Mike's Subs, is an American submarine sandwich chain headquartered in Manasquan, New Jersey. The Jersey Mike's franchise has about 2000 locations. Outside of the United States, there are two locations in Ontario, Canada; (London and Kitchener) and one location in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.


title: Jersey Mike's Subs

text: In 1968 at age 14, Peter Cancro of Point Pleasant Beach, New Jersey, took a part-time job at Mike's Submarines, a neighborhood sandwich shop in the adjacent borough of Point Pleasant, at 1009 Trenton Avenue. The eatery, founded in 1956, was only a few blocks west of Point Pleasant Beach High School, and then on its third owner. When the shop went up for sale again in 1971, Cancro's mother suggested he buy it. With help from a high school football coach who was also a banker, Cancro, then 17 and a high school senior, pulled together $125,000 in three days. Today, Cancro is the owner and CEO of the company.


title: Jersey Mike's Subs

text: Cancro began franchising the restaurant in 1987. By 2014, it had 750 locations, with an additional 650 in some stage of development. In 2015, 197 new locations opened and the total number of Jersey Mike's locations exceeded 1,000. Jersey Mike's locations are gaining a larger presence on the West Coast, particularly Southern California. The original Jersey Mike's location on Trenton Avenue is still used as a training center for the company.


title: Jersey Mike's Subs

text: Like the original Mike's store in 1956, each Jersey Mike's Subs serves submarine sandwiches made to order, slicing the meats and cheeses as needed. A popular way to top off the sandwich with condiments is to order it "Mike's Way", which involves sliced onions, shredded lettuce, tomatoes, oregano, salt (spices) and "The Juice"—a mixture of red wine vinegar and olive oil. There is also a signature cherry pepper relish.


title: Jersey Mike's Subs

text: Some Jersey Mike's locations also serve various breakfast sandwiches during the morning hours, including sandwiches made with pork roll, a New Jersey product.


title: Don Was

text: Don Edward Fagenson (born September 13, 1952), known professionally as Don Was, is an American musician, record producer and record executive. Primarily a bass player, Was co-founded the funk-rock band Was (Not Was). In later years he produced songs and albums for many popular recording artists including, since 1994, The Rolling Stones. In 2012, he became president of jazz music label Blue Note Records.


title: Don Was

text: Born in Detroit, Michigan, United States, Was graduated from Oak Park High School in the Detroit suburb of Oak Park, then attended the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor but dropped out after the first year. A journeyman musician, he grew up listening to the Detroit blues sound and the jazz music of John Coltrane and Miles Davis, amongst many others. As a teenager, Was took further influence from 1960s counterculture, most notably John Sinclair.


title: Don Was

text: In high school, Was became the lead singer and guitar player in a Detroit rock band called the Saturns.


title: Don Was

text: The first recording project that he engineered and produced was in 1971 with drummer Muruga Booker on a recording called "Rama Rama / Endless Path".


title: Don Was

text: Using the stage name "Don Was", he formed the group Was (Not Was) with school friend David Weiss (David Was). The group found commercial success in the 1980s – releasing four albums and logging several hit records. Their biggest hit was "Walk the Dinosaur", from their album "What up, Dog?" A jazz/R&B album of Hank Williams covers, "Forever's A Long, Long Time" was released in 1997, under the name Orquestra Was. In 2008, Was (Not Was) reunited for a new album titled "Boo!" and tour.


title: Don Was

text: Was has received four Grammy Awards including the 1994 Grammy Award for Producer of the Year. He produced several albums for Bonnie Raitt including her "Nick of Time" album that won the 1989 Grammy Award for Album of the Year. Don also collaborated with co-producer Ziggy Marley, on "Family Time", winner of 2009's Best Musical Album For Children. He produced the Rolling Stones' 2016 album "Blue and Lonesome," which won the Grammy for Best Traditional Blues album.


title: Don Was

text: He served as music director and/or consultant for several motion pictures such as "Thelma and Louise", "The Rainmaker", "Hope Floats", "Phenomenon", "Tin Cup", "Honeymoon in Vegas", "8 Seconds", "Switch", "The Freshman", "Days of Thunder", "Michael", "Prêt-à-Porter", "Boys on the Side", "Toy Story" and "The Paper".


title: Don Was

text: In 1995, he directed and produced a documentary, "", about former Beach Boy Brian Wilson. The film debuted at the Sundance Film Festival and won the San Francisco Film Festival's Golden Gate Award. He also received the British Academy Award (BAFTA) for Best Original Score in recognition of his compositions for the film "Backbeat".


title: Don Was

text: Was, who is a fan of the Rolling Stones and saw them in concert when he was age 12 in 1964, has produced for the band since 1994, working on their albums "Voodoo Lounge", "Stripped", "Bridges to Babylon", "Forty Licks", "Live Licks", "A Bigger Bang" and "Blue & Lonesome". He also worked on the Rolling Stones' reissues "Exile on Main Street", released in May 2010 and "Some Girls" released in October 2011. Was scoured old master recordings of the albums for lost gems, remastering some songs while producing entirely new vocals and tracks on others.


title: Don Was

text: Since 2008, Was has hosted the proceedings (and led the house band) at the "Detroit All-Star Revue", an annual showcase of local acts from the Detroit music scene.


title: Don Was

text: From 2009 to 2012, Don hosted a weekly radio show on Sirius XM satellite radio's Outlaw Country channel called "The Motor City Hayride". During the 2011 season of American Idol, Was appeared in several episodes producing contestants Haley Reinhart, Scotty McCreery, Paul McDonald, Lauren Alaina and Casey Abrams.


title: Don Was

text: In January 2012, he was appointed president of the jazz record label, Blue Note Records in succession to Bruce Lundvall.


title: Don Was

text: He won the 2014 Emmy Award for Outstanding Music Direction for his work on the CBS TV special "The Beatles: The Night That Changed America."


title: Don Was

text: On November 18, 2015, at DAR Constitution Hall in Washington DC, he led the house band that performed at a concert celebrating Willie Nelson, recipient of the 2015 Library of Congress Gershwin Prize for Popular Song.


title: Don Was

text: In 2018, Was joined former Grateful Dead guitarist Bob Weir and drummer Jay Lane to form Wolf Bros, a trio which undertook a North American tour in the Fall of 2018, and continued with a second tour of twenty more shows in the Spring of 2019.


title: Don Was

text: On April 16, 2021, Was debuted a new radio show, the Don Was Motor City Playlist on WDET-FM, Detroit's NPR station, with co-host Ann Delisi.


title: Don Was

text: Don is the son of World War II veteran and Bronze Star Medal awardee Bill Fagenson, who served with the 96th Infantry, 381st Regiment. Don's sister is Nancy Potok, former Chief Statistician of the United States.


title: Don Was

text: Don is married to former Virgin Records A&R executive and video director Gemma Corfield, and they have three sons who are also musicians—Tony, who played in Eve 6, Henry who plays in Thumpasaurus and Justin Jay's Fantastic Voyage, and Solomon who has played in Leven Kali and Felly.


title: SSSS.Dynazenon

text: SSSS.Dynazenon (stylized as SSSS.DYNΛZENON) is a 2021 Japanese anime television series produced by Trigger. It is the sequel to the 2018 anime "SSSS.Gridman" and the second installment in the shared Gridman Universe media established in 2018 after the 1993–94 tokusatsu drama "Gridman the Hyper Agent" by Tsuburaya Productions. The 12-episode series aired in Japan from April to June 2021.


title: SSSS.Dynazenon

text: Yomogi Asanaka is just an ordinary high school boy when he encounters a young man named Gauma, who claims he is a "Kaiju User". When the city is attacked by a Kaiju, Gauma summons the giant robot Dynazenon to battle it. Yomogi, his classmate Yume Minami, and local NEET Koyomi Yamanaka are caught up in the battle and end up becoming Gauma's copilots for Dynazenon. Together, they must uncover and put a stop to whatever is behind the Kaiju attacks.


title: SSSS.Dynazenon

text: A pair of Kaiju in human form who appeared in "SSSS.GRIDMAN", entering the real world to help the Gauma Team. The two return to the Computer World in the series finale, taking Dynazenon and Goldburn with them.


title: SSSS.Dynazenon

text: The are a quartet of youths that serve as the series's antagonists. Five thousand years prior, they were betrayed and killed by Gauma when he sided against them after they attempted a coup against their nation. Having been resurrected in the present day by their link to Kaiju, they use their ability to take control of Kaiju in the name of destroying humanity. After the death of Garnix and the discovery that no new Kaiju will ever be born again, the Kaiju Eugenicists disband and go their separate ways. In the last episode, however, they choose to be absorbed into Gagula to increase his power for his battle with Kaizer Gridknight, existing within it in a very similar way to how the pilots appear within Dynazenon. They are apparently killed after the death of Gagula, though Shimizu is seen afterwards in an indeterminate space.


title: SSSS.Dynazenon

text: In "SSSS.DYNAZENON", the Kaiju are monsters naturally appearing due to human emotions, Sizumu describing them as embodiments of humanity's disillusionment with being restrained by emotional bonds. The Kaiju Eugenicists sought to control them and wipe mankind out. Upon being controlled by a Kaiju User's Instance Domination, they grew into red-eyed behemoths that towered over the cityscape, though Zaiohn grew massive without any outside influence.


title: SSSS.Dynazenon

text: The anime project was announced in December 2019 during Tsuburaya Productions' Tsubucon convention. At that time, original production staffs from "SSSS.Gridman" such as director Amemiya, writer Hasegawa, character designer Sakamoto and composer Sagisu were the ones announced to return to their old positions. Amemiya had hoped that the success of "SSSS.Dynazenon" would open new potential to other "Gridman"-related projects. The first five of the cast members were announced in May 2020, including the key visual of the main characters. The first teaser was aired in October 2020 to promote the initial cast members.


title: SSSS.Dynazenon

text: In December 2020, additional information were announced at the Tokyo Comicon 2020. Other than a few additions to the cast members, the titular mecha Dynazenon was designed by Tsuyoshi Nonaka and Takara Tomy finally return to participate in the "Gridman" franchise after "Gridman the Hyper Agent" back in 1993. The series aired from April 2 to June 18, 2021, on Tokyo MX, BS11, and MBS. The opening theme is "Imperfect" by Masayoshi Ōishi while the ending theme is "Strobe Memory" by Maaya Uchida.


title: SSSS.Dynazenon

text: Funimation licensed the series and is simulcasting on its website in North America, British Isles and Brazil, on AnimeLab in Australia and New Zealand, and on Wakanim in France, Germany, Russia and Scandinavia. Following Sony's acquisition of Crunchyroll, the series was moved to Crunchyroll.


title: Dengue virus

text: Dengue virus (DENV) is the cause of dengue fever. It is a mosquito-borne, single positive-stranded RNA virus of the family "Flaviviridae"; genus "Flavivirus". Four serotypes of the virus have been found, a reported fifth has yet to be confirmed, all of which can cause the full spectrum of disease. Nevertheless, scientists' understanding of dengue virus may be simplistic as, rather than distinct antigenic groups, a "continuum" appears to exist. This same study identified 47 strains of "dengue virus". Additionally, coinfection with and lack of rapid tests for "zika virus" and "chikungunya" complicate matters in real-world infections.


title: Dengue virus

text: "Dengue virus" has increased dramatically within the last 20 years, becoming one of the worst mosquito-borne human pathogens which tropical countries have to deal with. Current estimates indicate that as many as 390 million infections occur each year, and many dengue infections are increasingly understood to be asymptomatic or subclinical.


title: Dengue virus

text: Based on the analysis of the envelope protein, at least three genotypes (1 to 3) are known. In 2013, a fourth serotype was reported. A single report of a fifth serotype DEN-5 in 2015 has not been replicated or further reported on. The rate of nucleotide substitution for this virus has been estimated to be 6.5 per nucleotide per year, a rate similar to other RNA viruses. The American African genotype has been estimated to have evolved between 1907 and 1949. This period includes World War I and World War II, which were associated with considerable movement of populations and environmental disturbance, factors known to promote the evolution of new vector-borne viral species.


title: Dengue virus

text: A Bayesian analysis of all four serotypes estimated that their most recent common ancestor existed about 340 AD (95% confidence interval: 280 BC-850 AD).


title: Dengue virus

text: Until a few hundred years ago, "dengue virus" was transmitted in sylvatic cycles in Africa, Southeast Asia and South Asia between mosquitoes of the genus "Aedes" and nonhuman primates, with rare emergences into human populations. The global spread of "dengue virus", however, has followed its emergence from sylvatic cycles and the primary lifecycle now exclusively involves transmission between humans and "Aedes" mosquitoes. Vertical transmission from mosquito to mosquito has also been observed in some vector species. Dogs have been found to be infected by the virus, but more research is needed to determine if dogs or other animals can serve as reservoirs or are just incidental hosts.


title: Dengue virus

text: Recent findings suggest that as the virus infects human cells, host homeostatic processes such as autophagy and ER stress response, not to mention apoptosis, are triggered depending on the infected cell type. The activation of autophagy and ER stress during infection enhances virus reproduction.


title: Dengue virus

text: The DENV genome is about 11000 bases of positive-sense, single stranded RNA (ssRNA) that codes for three structural proteins (capsid protein C, membrane protein M, envelope protein E) and seven nonstructural proteins (NS1, NS2a, NS2b, NS3, NS4a, NS4b, NS5). It also includes short noncoding regions on both the 5' and 3' ends.


title: Dengue virus

text: The DENV E (envelope) protein, found as a dimer on the surface of the mature viral particle, is important in the initial attachment of this particle to the host cell. Each E protein monomer comprises three ectodomains, ED1 to ED3, and a transmembrane segment. ED2 includes the dimerization interface, two glycosylation sites, and the peptide of fusion with the cellular membrane. ED3 is a continuous polypeptide segment; its fold is compact and immunoglobulin-like. "Dengue virus" is transmitted by species of the mosquito genus "Aedes". Several molecules that interact with the viral E protein (ICAM3-grabbing nonintegrin, CD209, Rab 5, GRP 78, and the mannose receptor) have been shown to be important factors mediating attachment and viral entry. The membrane form of ribosomal protein SA may also be involved in the attachment. E protein is known to contain physicochemically conserved B cells and T cells specific epitopes, which can be exploited to design vaccine. Recombinant domains of the E protein are used as well-defined antigens in the serological detection of antibodies directed against "dengue virus" and as immunogens in vaccine candidates.


title: Dengue virus

text: The DENV prM (membrane) protein, which is important in the formation and maturation of the viral particle, consists of seven antiparallel β-strands stabilized by three disulfide bonds.


title: Dengue virus

text: The glycoprotein shell of the mature DENV virion consists of 180 copies each of the E and M proteins. The immature virion starts out with the E and prM proteins forming 90 heterodimers that give a spiky exterior to the viral particle. This immature viral particle buds into the endoplasmic reticulum and eventually travels via the secretory pathway to the Golgi apparatus. As the virion passes through the trans-Golgi network, it is exposed to low pH. This acidic environment causes a conformational change in the E protein, which disassociates it from the prM protein and causes it to form E homodimers, which lie flat against the viral surface, giving the maturing virion a smooth appearance. During this maturation, pr peptide is cleaved from the M peptide by the host protease, furin. The M protein then acts as a transmembrane protein under the E-protein shell of the mature virion. The pr peptide stays associated with the E protein until the viral particle is released into the extracellular environment. This pr peptide acts like a cap, covering the hydrophobic fusion loop of the E protein until the viral particle has exited the cell.


title: Dengue virus

text: The DENV NS3 is a serine protease, as well as an RNA helicase and RTPase/NTPase. The protease domain consists of six β-strands arranged into two β-barrels formed by residues 1–180 of the protein. The catalytic triad (His-51, Asp-75 and Ser-135) is found between these two β-barrels, and activity is dependent on the presence of a 43 amino acid segment of the NS2B cofactor. This cofactor wraps around the NS3 protease domain and becomes part of the active site. The remaining NS2B residues before and after the cofactor region contain helical domains involved in membrane binding. The remaining NS3 residues (180–618) form the three subdomains of the DENV helicase. A six-stranded parallel β-sheet surrounded by four α-helices makes up subdomains I and II, and subdomain III is composed of four α-helices surrounded by three shorter α-helices and two antiparallel β-strands.


title: Dengue virus

text: DENV NS4A is a nonstructural protein involved in altering cell membrane curvature and induction of autophagy. In addition to its membrane altering property, NS4A is a scaffold for the virus replication complex and undergoes oligomerization. Mutations of NS4A that affect interaction with NS4B abolished or severely reduced virus replication indicating the importance of NS4A and its interaction with NS4B in dengue reproduction.


title: Dengue virus

text: The DENV NS5 protein is a 900-residue peptide with a methyltransferase domain at its N-terminal end (residues 1–296) and a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) at its C-terminal end (residues 320–900). The methyltransferase domain consists of an α/β/β sandwich flanked by N-and C-terminal subdomains. The DENV RdRp is similar to other RdRps containing palm, finger, and thumb subdomains and a GDD motif for incorporating nucleotides.


title: Dengue virus

text: Crystal structures of complexes between antibodies and either the ectodomain (sE) of the viral E protein or its domain 3 (ED3) have helped understand the molecular bases of the virus recognition and neutralization. Some of the epitopes are partially or totally inaccessible in the known structure of the mature virion. The corresponding antibodies are, therefore, assumed to bind to alternate or transitional conformations of the virus at 37 °C.


title: Dengue virus

text: Common names for dengue fever include breakbone fever, vomiting and dandy fever; dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome are the severe forms. Dengue is found in tropical and subtropical climates worldwide, mostly in urban and semiurban areas. People of all ages who are exposed to infected mosquitoes are at risk for developing dengue fever. The disease occurs most often during the rainy season in tropical countries in Southeast Asia, South Asia and South America, with high numbers of infected mosquitoes. The virus is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female mosquitoes, though humans are not capable of transmitting the disease and are not contagious. The incubation period is 3 to 14 days, while the period of the illness is 3–7 days. Signs and symptoms may include severe headache; retro-orbital pain; muscle, joint, and bone pain; macular or maculopapular rash; and minor hemorrhagic manifestations, including petechiae, ecchymosis, purpura, epistaxis, bleeding gums, hematuria, or a positive tourniquet test result. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis showed that allergic symptoms are one of the core symptoms that are highly associated with dengue severity.


title: Dengue virus

text: Some people develop more severe forms of dengue, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever. Different strains of viruses interacting with people with different immune backgrounds lead to a complex interaction. Among the possible causes are cross-serotypic immune response, through a mechanism known as antibody-dependent enhancement, which happens when a person who has been previously infected with dengue gets infected for the second, third, or fourth time. The previous antibodies to the old strain of "dengue virus" now interfere with the immune response to the current strain, leading paradoxically to more virus entry and uptake.


title: Dengue virus

text: In recent years, many studies have shown that flaviviruses, especially "dengue virus", has the ability to inhibit the innate immune response during the infection.


title: Dengue virus

text: Indeed, "dengue virus" has many nonstructural proteins that allow the inhibition of various mediators of the innate immune system response. These proteins act on two levels :


title: Dengue virus

text: NS4B is a small, hydrophobic protein located in association with the endoplasmic reticulum. It may block the phosphorylation of STAT 1 after induction by interferons type I alpha & beta. In fact, as the activity of Tyk2 kinase decreases in association with "dengue virus", so too does STAT 1 phosphorylation. Furthermore, the innate immune system's response to the virus is further damped as expression of interferon-stimulating gene(s) (ISG) is restricted by the aforementioned 'NS4B' protein. NS2A and NS4A cofactor may also take part in the STAT 1 inhibition.


title: Dengue virus

text: NS5 - the presence of this 105-kDa protein results in inactivation of STAT2 (via the signal transduction of the response to interferon) when it is expressed alone. When NS5 is cleaved with NS4B by a protease (NS2B3), it can degrade STAT2. In fact, after the cleavage of NS5 by the protease, an E3 ligase association with STAT2 occurs, and the E3 ligase targets STAT2 for the degradation.


title: Dengue virus

text: NS2B3-b protease complex is a proteolytic core consisting of the last 40 amino acids of NS2B and the first 180 amino acids of NS3.


title: Dengue virus

text: This protease complex allows the inhibition of the production of type I interferon by reducing the activity of IFN-beta promoter; NS2B3 protease complex is involved in inhibiting the phosphorylation of IRF3.


title: Dengue virus

text: "Dengue virus" is transmitted by the mosquito species "Aedes aegypti", which produces saliva that contains over 100 unique proteins, including the protein family D7. Scientists used to believe that "A. aegypti" saliva, when being transmitted, actually enhanced "dengue virus" in the body. The mosquito's saliva was thought to make the virus spread faster due to the weakened immune response of its host. However, a current study has found that the protein D7 hinders the virus transmission into the host cells.


title: Dengue virus

text: The immune responses of antibodies that are trying to fight off the foreign virus actually increase transmission and make the infection worse. Levels of protein D7 are more prevalent in salivary glands of dengue-infected mosquitoes compared to those uninfected ones. D7 is found in mosquito saliva and was thought to assist the process of blood feeding. Despite the prior assumptions, D7 can modulate the host cell and act against the virus to prevent viral infection. Unfortunately, D7 proteins provoke immune responses, which raise anti-D7 antibody levels. These antibodies inhibit the function of D7 proteins, which enhance transmission of "dengue virus". Although immune responses against D7 proteins might impair their antiviral activity, a study showed that non-DENV subjects have slightly higher anti-D7 IgG levels than infected ones, although it was not statistically significant. Thus, more studies over D7 protein family are needed do elucidate its role on DENV infection and its applicability in medicine.


title: Dengue virus

text: Only one vaccine for dengue is currently approved in 11 countries (Mexico, the Philippines, Indonesia, Brazil, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Paraguay, Guatemala, Peru, Thailand, and Singapore). Several vaccines are under development by private and public researchers. Developing a vaccine against the disease is challenging. With four different serotypes of the virus that can cause the disease, the vaccine must immunize against all four types to be effective. Vaccination against only one serotype could possibly lead to severe dengue hemorrhagic shock when infected with another serotype due to antibody-dependent enhancement. When infected with "dengue virus", the immune system produces cross-reactive antibodies that provide immunity to that particular serotype. However, these antibodies are incapable of neutralizing other serotypes upon reinfection and actually increase viral replication. When macrophages consume the 'neutralized' virus, the virus is able to replicate within the macrophage, causing disease. These cross-reactive, ineffective antibodies ease access of virus into macrophages, which induces more severe disease (dengue hemorrhagic fever, dengue shock syndrome). A common problem faced in dengue-endemic regions is when mothers become infected with dengue; after giving birth, offspring carry the immunity from their mother and are susceptible to hemorrhagic fever if infected with any of the other three serotypes. One vaccine was in phase III trials in 2012 and planning for vaccine usage and effectiveness surveillance had started.


title: Dengue virus

text: In 2009, Sanofi-Pasteur started building a new facility in ' , a suburb of Lyon (France). This unit produces four-serotype vaccine for phase III trials. In September 2014, the Sanofi-Pasteur CEO gave early results of the phase III trial efficacy study in Latin America. The efficacy per serotype (ST) varied widely, 42.3% for ST2, 50.3% for ST1, 74.0% for ST3, and 77.7% for ST4. The full analysis of data from the phase III Latin American-Caribbean study will be reviewed by external experts before being published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. Primary results has to be presented at the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Annual Meeting, held November 2–6, 2014, in New Orleans.


title: Dengue virus

text: In late 2015 and early 2016, the first dengue vaccine, Dengvaxia (CYD-TDV) by Sanofi-Pasteur, was registered in several countries for use in individuals 9–45 years of age living in endemic areas.


title: Dengue virus

text: On May 1, 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced the approval of Dengvaxia, the first vaccine for the prevention of dengue disease caused by all dengue virus serotypes in people ages 9 through 16 who have laboratory-confirmed previous dengue infection and who live in endemic areas. Dengue is endemic in the U.S. territories of American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.


title: Dengue virus

text: There are no approved direct antiviral treatments for Dengue fever. Most antiviral drug research for Dengue infections has focussed on inhibition of the NS2B/NS3 protease or NS5 proteins. Reported protease inhibitor approaches have focussed mainly on targeted covalent inhibitors. One drug, Balapiravir, a repurposed hepatitis C NS5 polymerase inhibitor progressed to a Phase II clinical trial before being stopped due to lack of efficacy.


title: Volkswagen ID.3

text: The Volkswagen ID.3 is a battery electric small family car (C-segment) produced by Volkswagen since 2019. It is the first production car to utilize the MEB platform, and the first model of the ID. series. It was unveiled on 9 September 2019 at the Frankfurt Motor Show, after being first shown as the I.D. concept car at the 2016 Paris Motor Show. Deliveries to retail customers began in Germany in September 2020.


title: Volkswagen ID.3

text: The ID.3 was previewed as a concept car called the Volkswagen I.D., first shown at the 2016 Paris Motor Show. It was the first concept model of the new all-electric I.D. sub-brand. According to Volkswagen, the I.D. featured innovations such as virtual wing mirrors (using video cameras), "chocolate bar" battery design, and retractable LiDAR sensors used for autonomous driving, not all of which made it to the production version.


title: Volkswagen ID.3

text: In May 2019, Volkswagen confirmed the production model based on this prototype was named Volkswagen ID.3, instead of the rumoured "I.D. Neo" name, and officially presented at the International Motor Show Germany in September 2019. The ID.3 is one of five new Volkswagen models based on the MEB platform. Smaller cars bearing the ID.1 and ID.2 names are expected, and bigger models will range from ID.4 to ID.9. Volkswagen has also applied for trademark protection of an additional "X", supposedly for a SUV. Reservations (€1000) for the launch model of the ID.3 started on the 8 May 2019, which were set to be delivered in midyear 2020, whereas the base model, expected to cost under €30,000, will be delivered in 2021. Volkswagen named high expected demand as a reason. It received 10,000 buyer reservations within 24 hours after pre-orders opened and 30,000 before the unveiling at IAA 2019. Retail deliveries began in Germany in September 2020.


title: Volkswagen ID.3

text: The production version of the ID.3 was unveiled on 9 September 2019 at the Frankfurt Motor Show (IAA), along with the new Volkswagen logo and branding. The cars are assembled at Volkswagen's Zwickau factory, where the company expects the full plant capacity (330,000 cars per year) to produce electric cars based on the MEB platform for the Volkswagen Group from 2021 onwards. In 2021, an additional ID.3 production line was started at the Transparent Factory in Dresden.


title: Volkswagen ID.3

text: At launch, the European-market ID.3 was available with a choice of two models: "ID.3 Pro Performance" and "ID.3 Pro S". Both the Pro Performance and the Pro S shared the same APP 310 traction motor, which has an output of and . The difference was in the storage capacity of the battery; the Pro Performance battery had a useful capacity of 58 kWh, while the Pro S battery was 77 kWh. A third model (tentatively named "ID.3 Pro") was planned to follow, with an output of . An entry-level model was released as the "ID.3 Pure Performance" in April 2021. The Pure Performance was equipped with a smaller battery of 45 kWh and slightly upgraded output of . A high-performance variant of the ID.3 is under consideration, using battery technology derived from the ID.R project.


title: Volkswagen ID.3

text: Three different battery choices are offered with the ID.3. The modules in the Pro Performance and Pro S are each high and wide. For the Pro Performance, the length is , while the larger Pro S battery is long. The Pro S battery is . A liquid-cooled thermal management system is fitted to improve power output and service life, and VW guarantees the battery will retain 70% of its original capacity after an operating period of 8 years or .


title: Volkswagen ID.3

text: Charging rate for the Pro Performance and Pro S is limited to a maximum of 11 kW using the on-board AC charger; when a DC source is connected through the standard CCS inlet, maximum input power rises to 100 kW (Pro Performance) or 125 kW (Pro S). The charging rates for the basic model were planned to be limited to 7.2 kW (AC) and 50 kW (DC), with an option for 100 kW (DC). The MEB platform supports up to 125 kW charging. The 58 kWh version supports 120 kW DC charging.


title: Volkswagen ID.3

text: The 77 kWh variants have four and five seat options; the others seat five. All but the 77 kWh variant will have an optional panoramic roof that can be combined with a bike rack on a support hook at the back.


title: Volkswagen ID.3

text: The drag coefficient of the car is 0.267, frontal area is 2.36 square meters, and the minimum turning circle is .


title: Volkswagen ID.3

text: It was first available in three different launch trim levels, namely ID.3 1st, ID.3 1st Plus and ID.3 1st Max, all based on the Pro Performance model (58 kWh battery). The battery size and powertrain remain the same across all three trim levels; however, there are different levels of equipment, styling options and wheels. The wheels provided are: for ID.3 1st (215/55R18), for ID.3 1st Plus (215/50R19) and for ID.3 1st Max (215/45R20).


title: Volkswagen ID.3

text: In early 2020 it was announced that delivery of the ID.3 was going to be delayed until at least September 2020 due to software errors that VW had yet to be able to resolve. Some stripped-down cars were delivered in September with cloud-connected ones being delivered at the end of 2020.


title: Volkswagen ID.3

text: Almost 57,000 units were delivered in 2020, ranking among the world's top-ten best-selling plug-in cars in just four months on the market.


title: CNBLUE

text: CNBLUE () is a South Korean pop rock band formed in 2009. The band consists of Jung Yong-hwa (leader, main vocals, guitar, keyboard, rap), Kang Min-hyuk (drums), and Lee Jung-shin (bass). First bassist Kwon Kwang-jin left the band after they released their debut Japanese extended play "Now or Never" in 2009, and was replaced by Lee Jung-shin. Lee Jong-hyun (guitar and vocals) left the band on August 28, 2019.


title: CNBLUE

text: CN is an initialism for "Code Name", while BLUE is a backronym for "burning", "lovely", "untouchable", and "emotional"; it is meant to portray the images of Jong-hyun, Min-hyuk, Jung-shin, and Yong-hwa, respectively. On January 14, 2010, CNBLUE debuted in Korea with the lead single "I'm a Loner" from their first Korean EP "Bluetory".


title: CNBLUE

text: CNBLUE's first live performance took place in Tokyo, Japan, at the entrance of Shinjuku Station in early 2009; it was one of at least 20 other bands performing in the area. By mid-June 2009, the band began to perform on the streets and in live clubs. They formally debuted on August 19, 2009 with "Now or Never". The EP was recorded completely in English, and failed to chart on the Oricon Albums Chart. In late September, their original bassist Kwon Kwang-jin left the band and was replaced by Lee Jung-shin later that year. Their second extended play "Voice" was released in November. Recorded with both English and Japanese tracks, "Voice" peaked at number 227 and charted for two weeks. Guitarist Lee described the band's independence in the country as "tough, but equally rewarding".


title: CNBLUE

text: In January, FNC Entertainment unveiled a series of video teasers for CNBLUE's debut in South Korea. "Bluetory" was released on January 14, 2010, and stayed at the top of the Gaon Album Chart for two weeks. "I'm a Loner" was promoted as the lead single, and peaked at number two on the Gaon Digital Chart. The band had their first televised live performance on KBS' "Music Bank" on January 15. The song was an immediate commercial success and the band had their first music show chart win on "Music Bank" on January 29 and SBS' "Inkigayo" on January 31. CNBLUE held the record for achieving number one on South Korea's music programs in the shortest time since debut, grabbing their first win only 15 days after debuting with "I'm a Loner". The band had their debut reality show "CNBLUEtory", broadcast on Mnet beginning March 10.


title: CNBLUE

text: In March, the band started preparations for their first full-length independent album "Thank U" in Japan. It was released on March 20 with several tracks co-written and co-composed by Jung Yong-hwa. The album peaked at number 90 on the Oricon Weekly Album Charts.


title: CNBLUE

text: CNBLUE headed back to Korea and released their next single, "Love Light" on May 10, in precedence of their next album. On May 19, their second extended play "Bluelove" was released and peaked at number three on the Gaon Album Chart.


title: CNBLUE

text: CNBLUE held their comeback performance on Mnet's "M! Countdown" the following day. It was promoted with the track "Love", which peaked at number two on Gaon, matching the success the band found earlier with "I'm a Loner". The band eventually won on first place on "M! Countdown" on June 10 and "Inkigayo" on June 20.


title: CNBLUE

text: After their success in Korea, the band headed back to Japan. They released their first single "The Way" on June 23. For the first time, they charted in Oricon's Top 40 at number 26. The release was followed by their second single "I Don't Know Why" on September 16. The song reached number eight on the Oricon Daily Chart, marking the first time the band made it inside the top 10. The band then embarked on a small tour across Japan in order to promote the single.


title: CNBLUE

text: The same year, Kang Min-hyuk and Lee Jong-hyun made their acting debut in the omnibus film "Acoustic". They released a song for the movie's OST on October 7, entitled "High Fly".


title: CNBLUE

text: On January 9, CNBLUE released their third Japanese single, "Re-maintenance". They then kick start their 2011 Japanese promotions with a Zepp Tour in four cities – Osaka, Fukuoka, Nagoya and Tokyo – from January 9 to 16.


title: CNBLUE

text: FNC Entertainment released teasers for a CNBLUE comeback in February 2011. However, the release date was later changed to March 21. The teaser was noted for having "more of the same departure from their pop rock sound into a heavier concept." CNBLUE released their first full-length album "First Step" with the lead single "Intuition" on March 21. The song earned the band a total of 7 music show wins, with three wins each on Mnet's "M! Countdown" and KBS "Music Bank", thus marking the first time the band won "triple crown" on the shows. After wrapping up promotions of "Intuition" on April 24 on SBS' "Inkigayo", they followed up with promotions of the song "Love Girl" from their special EP "First Step +1 Thank You", beginning April 29 on "Music Bank" and ending on May 22. "Thank You" did well in the Taiwanese market as well, topping five charts locally and selling 70,000 copies.


title: CNBLUE

text: In April, it was announced that Jung Yong-hwa and Kang Min-hyuk were cast in the MBC drama "Heartstrings", which started airing on June 29. Yong-hwa sang three of the OSTs in "Heartstrings", titled "You've Fallen for Me", "Because I Miss You" (composed by himself), and "Comfort Song", while Min-hyuk sang one OST titled "Star". They first performed the songs in their "BLUESTORM" concert on September 17 at the Olympic Hall, Seoul.


title: CNBLUE

text: After wrapping up promotions in Korea, CNBLUE made a comeback in Japan with the release of their second and last independent album "392" on September 1. They also announced that they would make their major debut in Japan on October 19, 2011, under Warner Music Japan. The band released their debut single "In My Head" on October 19, composed by Jung Yong-hwa. The single peaked at number four on the Oricon Weekly Chart with 70,000+ units sold in its first week. It was later chosen as the theme song for "". In November, "In My Head" claimed a gold record accreditation according to the RIAJ, meaning that the album sold over 100,000 copies within a month of going on sale.


title: CNBLUE

text: The band released a new single in Japan on February 1, titled "Where You Are", composed and co-written by Jung Yong-hwa. The physical single debuted at number one on the weekly Oricon Singles Chart with 60,398 copies sold in the first week. This made CNBLUE the first foreign band to top the Oricon Singles Chart since January 18, 1971 (when the Canadian band Mashmakhan released the single "Two in the Fog"), and made CNBLUE the fourth South Korean male artist/group to rank number 1 on Oricon's weekly singles chart, following TVXQ, JYJ and Jang Keun-suk.


title: CNBLUE

text: CNBLUE and fellow label-mates F.T. Island performed in America for the first time at Los Angeles' Nokia Theater on March 9.


title: CNBLUE

text: On March 26, the band released their third Korean EP, "Ear Fun". The single "Still in Love" was released on March 16, ahead of the EP's release, and peaked at #3 on the Gaon Singles Chart; while the title song "Hey You" peaked at #1. The band wrapped up promotion with 4 music show award wins on April 22 with a goodbye performance on SBS' "Inkigayo".


title: CNBLUE

text: After completing their EP promotions, the members held their first fan meeting in Seoul on May 5. They also started preparing for their upcoming Japanese activities.


title: CNBLUE

text: Their 3rd Japanese single "Come On" was released on August 1 and debuted at number five on the weekly Oricon Singles Chart with 38,000 copies sold. The song was composed by Lee Jong-hyun and written by Jung Yong-hwa in Korean, and later translated into Japanese.


title: CNBLUE

text: This was followed by the release of their Japanese debut album "Code Name Blue" on August 29 which placed number one on both the daily and weekly Oricon Albums Chart, selling a total of 57,744 copies at the end of its nine-week run. They became the first Korean group to achieve that feat with a debut album.


title: CNBLUE

text: On September 22, they held their first exclusive concert, "CNBLUE Live in London" at IndigO2 in the UK. They performed 22 songs in front of over 3000 fans.


title: CNBLUE

text: The concert ended in Seoul, South Korea on December 15 and 16 marked the band's fourth concert in Seoul, all of which were sold out in 10 minutes. On December 19, CNBLUE released their 4th Japanese single "Robot", which placed number two on both the daily and weekly Oricon Singles Chart, selling 45,640 copies.


title: CNBLUE

text: CNBLUE's long-awaited South Korean comeback was officially announced at their "2012 CNBLUE Live BLUE NIGHT in Seoul" concert on December 17. The release date for their fourth EP, "", was set to be January 14, 2013. The first teaser was released on January 3, 2013 All individual video teasers were released on January 7. On January 9, a photo teaser was released for their photoshoot of the album made on the streets of London. The first music video teaser was released on January 10 along with a second one released one day later.


title: CNBLUE

text: In 2012, all of the members received recognition for their acting endeavors, and CNBLUE was said to be the band that has conquered the year-end acting award ceremonies with their nominations. At the KBS Drama Awards, Kang Min-hyuk and Lee Jung-shin were nominated for the "Rookie Actor" award for their roles in "My Husband Got a Family" and "Seoyoung, My Daughter" respectively. Jung Yong-hwa was awarded the "Hallyu Star" award at the APAN Star Awards for his lead role in the 2011 drama "Heartstrings" due to its popularity in Asia. At the SBS Drama Awards, Lee Jong-hyun was awarded the "New Star" award for his role in "A Gentleman's Dignity".


title: CNBLUE

text: On January 14, which is CNBLUE's third anniversary, the band's fourth EP "" and music video of the lead single "I'm Sorry" were released. "I'm Sorry" was co-composed and co-written by the band's leader, Jung Yong-hwa, marking it the first time for Jung's composition to be used as the band's title song in South Korea. Prior to the EP's release, "Re:Blue" reached over 100,000 copies of pre-orders. It eventually went on to top the Gaon Album Chart for two weeks in a row., selling a total of 126,000 copies. The single peaked at number 2 on the Gaon Digital Chart, and achieved an all-kill on music charts.


title: CNBLUE

text: "Re:Blue" ranked #1 on the Billboard World Album Chart, Japan's Tower Records Chart. According to Taiwan's music site 'Omusic', the album and title track "I'm Sorry" ranked #1 on the single and album charts, respectively even before the official release in the country. After its official release in Taiwan, the album topped 8 different charts. The single "I'm Sorry" also ranked #1 in the MYX daily chart in the Philippines.


title: CNBLUE

text: On January 22, FNC Entertainment announced CNBLUE's "Blue Moon World Tour", stating that "They won't be going to just Asian countries such as China, Singapore, and Hong Kong, but also Europe, Australia, North America, and South America. The label confirmed stops for Taiwan, Singapore, Thailand, Hong Kong, Philippines, Malaysia, and Australia, and is in the process of planning America and Europe stops. Taiwan will be the first stop for the world tour starting on April 6, making them the first South Korean rock band to hold a world tour of this kind.


title: CNBLUE

text: On April 20, FNC had announced that CNBLUE will be going on a ZEPP Tour in Japan with their first stop at Sapporo in Hokkaido on July 24 and 25, and the last stop at Namba in Osaka on August 14 and 15. There was a total of 10 concerts in 5 cities. This was held while the "Blue Moon" world tour was still ongoing. It was later revealed that the ZEPP Tour is titled "Lady Zepp Tour" after announcing the name of their upcoming 6th Japanese single titled "Lady" on June 18.


title: CNBLUE

text: On April 24, CNBLUE released their fifth Japanese single, "Blind Love", written and co-composed by Lee Jong-hyun. The physical single debuted at number two on Oricon Daily Single Chart with 35,773 copies sold, the highest first day sale for CNBLUE's Japanese releases.


title: CNBLUE

text: On July 17, the official music video for CNBLUE's sixth Japanese single "Lady" was released. The physical single was later released on July 31, 2013, and ranked at number 4 on Oricon Singles Chart, selling 42,169 copies in its first week.


title: CNBLUE

text: CNBLUE had also participated in the annual two-day Japanese rock festival "Summer Sonic 2013" as one of the line-ups along with their labelmate F.T. Island and rock bands like Linkin Park, Metallica, and ONE OK ROCK. This was held at Tokyo and Osaka on August 10 and 11 respectively


title: CNBLUE

text: On August 13, they released the music video of "One More Time" for their upcoming second Japanese studio album "What Turns You On?". On August 28, the studio album was released. It includes the previous three singles, "Robot", "Blind Love" and "Lady". It debuted at number two on the Oricon Albums Chart and sold 43,492 copies.


title: CNBLUE

text: On November 26, CNBLUE released their first ever "best-of" album in Korea, titled "Present" with the Korean version of the band's Japanese songs. All of the members reportedly took part in the translation of the lyrics.


title: CNBLUE

text: On February 23, 2014, CNBLUE released their fifth EP, "Can't Stop". The album debuted at #2 on the Gaon Album Chart and went on to top the chart the following week. The lead single "Can't Stop" peaked at #3 on the Gaon Digital Chart. On March 2, the band had their comeback performance on SBS's "All Live Comeback Show: Can't Stop".


title: CNBLUE

text: After finishing their promoting activities in Korea, CNBLUE released a new Japanese single "Truth" on April 23, 2014. The band then embarked on their "2014 CNBLUE LIVE- Can’t Stop Tour", which kick-start in Daegu on May 24. On August 20, they released their 8th Japanese single, "Go Your Way".


title: CNBLUE

text: CNBLUE released "Radio" on September 8, as a digital download in precedence of their third Japanese studio album "Wave". Released on September 17, "Wave" debuted at number three on the weekly Oricon Albums Chart. By the end of its chart run, "Wave" sold 42,080 copies in the country. The band then embarked on the "CNBLUE 2014 Arena Tour: Wave" from October to November in Aichi, Tokyo, Osaka, Miyagi, and Fukuoka.


title: CNBLUE

text: On December 6, CNBLUE was the only Korean artist to participate at the 2015 iQiyi All-Star Carnival in Beijing, China, where they received the


title: CNBLUE

text: CNBLUE's song "Can't Stop" was the 17th most tweeted song of 2014, according to the news website Mashable. They were the highest ranked Korean artist (followed by Girls' Generation's "Mr. Mr" at number 18 and Infinite's "Last Romeo" at number 48) on a list of


title: CNBLUE

text: "Twitter's 50 Most-Tweeted Songs of 2014" which included worldwide artists like John Legend, Ariana Grande, Beyonce, Pharrell Williams, Lady GaGa, Enrique Iglesias, Maroon 5, Coldplay and One Direction Billboard K-Town included the EP on their list of the "10 Best K-Pop Albums of 2014" at #9, calling the tracks "Can't Stop" and "Like a Child" "some of the most accessible Korean rock tunes to come out of the scene this year," and "Cold Love" a "gritty ballad" and "Diamond Girl" a feisty rock jam.


title: CNBLUE

text: Throughout the first half of 2015, CNBLUE continued to pursue solo activities. In April 2015, the band released its ninth single "White" under Warner Music Japan. The single peaked at number four on the weekly Oricon Singles Chart, selling over 28,000 copies since its release.


title: CNBLUE

text: After an absence of domestic band promotions in one year and seven months in, CNBLUE released their second studio album "2gether" and lead single "Cinderella" on September 14. The album debuted at number two on the Gaon Album Chart and went on to top the chart the following week. The single peaked at number 10 on the Gaon Digital Chart, ultimately earning the band five music show wins.


title: CNBLUE

text: "2gether" was met with generally favorably reviews from music critics, particular for its use for electronic elements. Jung Min-jae of online magazine "IZM" noted the band for "adhering to a wide-range of pop rock genres", and that the band's "signature smooth melodies and waving grooves are more attractive than ever". Jung Hae-wook of "News Tomato" complimented the band on the mixture of electronic rock and being able to form a distinct sound between the tracks, as well as their effort to experiment in order to establish its musical identity. Jeff Benjamin of "Billboard" stated that in spite of the change in direction of the band's music on the album, their "sentimental songwriting" and "vivacious energy" persisted.


title: CNBLUE

text: CNBLUE released "Supernova" on September 9 as a digital download in precedence of CNBLUE's fourth Japanese studio album "Colors". Released on September 30, the album debuted at number one on the weekly Oricon Albums Chart, selling 31,000 copies in its first week. It is the first time the band topped the chart since "Code Name Blue", released three years and one month prior. The band embarked on the "CNBLUE 2015 Arena Tour: Be a Supernova" from November 3 to December 3. The concerts took place at the Big Hat arena in Nagano, the Yoyogi National Gymnasium in Tokyo, the Nippon Gaishi Hall in Aichi, the Sun Dome in Fukui, and the Osaka-jō Hall in Osaka.


title: CNBLUE

text: CNBLUE released their sixth mini-album "Blueming" and its lead single "You're So Fine" on April 4, 2016. "Blueming" topped the Gaon Album Chart upon its release. "You're So Fine" earned the band six music show wins. The band also released their 10th Japanese single "Puzzle" on May 11. It debuted at number four on the weekly Oricon Singles Chart; the single charted for four weeks and went on to sell over 30,000 copies by the end of its chart run.


title: CNBLUE

text: CNBLUE released their fifth Japanese album "Euphoria" on October 19. "Euphoria" debuted at number two on the Oricon Albums Chart. By the end of its chart run, the album sold 36,074 copies in the country.


title: CNBLUE

text: The band embarked on their fifth anniversary arena tour, "Our Glory Days" from November 2 to November 29, 2016. The concerts took place at the Makuhari Messe Event Hall in Chiba, the Osaka-jō Hall in Osaka, the Nippon Gaishi Hall in Aichi, the Marine Messe Fukuoka arena in Fukuoka, and the Nippon Budokan in Tokyo. Performing 22 songs at each concert, the tour accumulated 75,000 attendees in total. The November 18 show in Aichi was recorded and is scheduled to air on WOWOW on January 15, 2017.


title: CNBLUE

text: Almost a year after the release of "Blueming", CNBLUE released their seventh EP, "7°CN," on March 20, 2017.


title: CNBLUE

text: CNBLUE released their 14th single, "Shake" on May 10, 2017. It debuted on the weekly Oricon Singles Chart at number five. The band then embarked on the CNBLUE Spring Live 2017 "Shake! Shake!" arena tour. They held two concerts each in Tokyo, Aichi, and Osaka, starting from May 17 to June 22.


title: CNBLUE

text: The band also held their 2017 CNBLUE Live: Between Us concert tour on six countries from July 1 to December 9. The initial pair of shows took place between June 3 and 4 in Seoul.


title: CNBLUE

text: CNBLUE released their sixth-major label Japanese studio album, Stay Gold. It debuted at number three on Japan's national weekly Oricon Albums Chart. The band embarked on the CNBLUE 2017 Arena Tour Live "Starting Over" from November 3 to December 1.


title: CNBLUE

text: The band went on hiatus because the members were doing military service; before they did, they released Best of CNBLUE/OUR BOOK [2011-2018] on August 29. The album contained songs from their debut in Japan in 2011.


title: CNBLUE

text: On August 28, 2019, Jonghyun announced he was leaving CNBLUE due to his connections with the Burning Sun scandal and backlash over inappropriate messages towards a YouTuber.


title: CNBLUE

text: On October 20, 2020, it was announced that the 3 remaining members of CNBLUE had successfully renewed their contracts and are releasing their eighth mini album, "Re-Code" and its lead single "Then, Now and Forever", on November 17.


title: CNBLUE

text: CNBLUE launched a reality-variety show, Secret Tour: Don't Call My Name to celebrate their 10th debut anniversary. The show aired every Friday from November 13 to November 20, 2020 on tvN.


title: CNBLUE

text: CNBLUE and its agency FNC Entertainment were sued by Korean punk band Crying Nut for unauthorized use of their song "Pilsal Off-Side" on Mnet's "M Countdown" in 2010. Crying Nut also charged that CNBLUE had released a DVD of the concert in Japan and profited from it. Crying Nut claimed that not only did CNBLUE use the song without permission, but also lip-synced along with the original Crying Nut recording. Crying Nut allegedly posted online that CNBLUE "must pay the penalties for intellectual property rights infringement". CNBLUE later countersued Crying Nut for allegedly accusing CNBLUE of copyright infringement, filing an injunction against Crying Nut's online criticisms, claiming that the intellectual property theft was the responsibility of CJ E&M and the unspecified company responsible for the DVD sales. However, after years of debate in court, CNBLUE lost the lawsuit and its agency was fined 15 million won.


title: CNBLUE

text: CNBLUE undertakes philanthropy work such as donating money and rice to the needy from time to time. Part of their yearly income and the income from the Bluemoon World Tour have been contributed to the construction of CNBLUE Schools. The first CNBLUE School was built in Burkina Faso, Africa in 2012 and can accommodate up to 100 pre-schoolers and 1 000 elementary and junior high school students. CNBLUE Schools will provide meals and daycare services for the enrolled students. In 2014, a second CNBLUE school was built in the Philippines.


title: CNBLUE

text: In July 2021, CNBLUE participated in a summer donation campaign by Happy Bean through the non-profit foundation, LOVE FNC. The proceeds from the sold goods have been donated to support the education of children affected by COVID-19 in Myanmar, Cambodia, and Mongolia.


title: OpenJDK

text: OpenJDK (Open Java Development Kit) is a free and open-source implementation of the Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE). It is the result of an effort Sun Microsystems began in 2006. The implementation is licensed under the GPL-2.0-only with a linking exception. Were it not for the GPL linking exception, components that linked to the Java class library would be subject to the terms of the GPL license. OpenJDK is the official reference implementation of Java SE since version 7.


title: OpenJDK

text: The OpenJDK project produces a number of components: most importantly the virtual machine (HotSpot), the Java Class Library and the Java compiler (javac).


title: OpenJDK

text: The web-browser plugin and Web Start, which form part of Oracle Java, are not included in OpenJDK. Sun previously indicated that they would try to open-source these components, but neither Sun nor Oracle have done so.


title: OpenJDK

text: The only currently available free plugin and Web Start implementations are those provided by IcedTea.


title: OpenJDK

text: OpenJDK 9+ supports AOT compilation () using GraalVM (JEP 295). The experimental flag enables the use of Graal JIT (JEP 317).


title: OpenJDK

text: Since JDK 10, the effort to produce an open-source reference implementation of the Java SE Platform was moved over to the JDK Project. Unlike past JDK Release Projects, which produced just one feature release and then terminated, this long-running project will produce all future JDK feature releases and will ship a feature release every six months according to a strict, time-based model.


title: OpenJDK

text: Due to Oracle no longer releasing updates for long-term support (LTS) releases under a permissive license, others have begun offering builds. Linux distributions have always offered their own builds, and Windows also offers one now;


title: OpenJDK

text: In order to bundle OpenJDK in Fedora and other free Linux distributions, OpenJDK needed to be buildable using only free software components. Due to the encumbered components in the class library and implicit assumptions within the build system that the JDK being used to build OpenJDK was a Sun JDK, this was not possible. To achieve openness, Red Hat started the IcedTea project in June 2007.


title: OpenJDK

text: It began life as an OpenJDK/GNU Classpath hybrid that could be used to bootstrap OpenJDK, replacing the encumbrances with code from GNU Classpath.


title: OpenJDK

text: On November 5, 2007, Red Hat signed both the Sun Contributor Agreement and the OpenJDK Community TCK License. One of the first benefits of this agreement is tighter alignment with the IcedTea project, which brings together Fedora, the Linux distribution, and JBoss, the application server, technologies in a Linux environment. IcedTea provided free software alternatives for the few remaining proprietary sections in the OpenJDK project.


title: OpenJDK

text: distributions included IcedTea 6, based completely on free and open source code. Fedora 9 was the first version to be shipped with IcedTea6, based on the OpenJDK6 sources from Sun rather than OpenJDK7. It was also the first to use OpenJDK for the package name (via the OpenJDK trademark agreement) instead of IcedTea. Ubuntu also first packaged IcedTea7 before later moving to IcedTea6. Packages for IcedTea6 were also created for Debian and included in "Lenny". On July 12, 2008, Debian accepted OpenJDK-6 in unstable, and it later was included in stable. OpenJDK is also available on openSUSE, Red Hat Enterprise Linux and RHEL derivatives such as CentOS.


title: OpenJDK

text: In June 2008, Red Hat announced that the packaged binaries for OpenJDK on Fedora 9, built using IcedTea 6, had passed the Technology Compatibility Kit tests and could claim to be a fully compatible Java 6 implementation. In July 2009, an IcedTea 6 binary build for Ubuntu 9.04 passed all of the compatibility tests in the Java SE 6 TCK.


title: OpenJDK

text: On Android Nougat, OpenJDK replaced the now-discontinued Apache Harmony as the Java libraries in the source code of the mobile operating system. Google was in a legal dispute with Oracle over claims of copyright and patent infringement through its use of re-implementations of copyrighted Java APIs via Harmony. While also stating that this change was to create a more consistent platform between Java on Android and other platforms, the company admitted that the switch was motivated by the lawsuit, arguing that Oracle had authorized its use of the OpenJDK code by licensing it under the GPL.


title: OpenJDK

text: Sun announced in JavaOne 2006 that Java would become open-source software, and on October 25, 2006, at the Oracle OpenWorld conference, Jonathan Schwartz said that the company intended to announce the open-sourcing of the core Java Platform within 30 to 60 days.


title: OpenJDK

text: Sun released the Java HotSpot virtual machine and compiler as free software under the GNU General Public License on November 13, 2006, with a promise that the rest of the JDK (which includes the Java Runtime Environment) would be placed under the GPL by March 2007, "except for a few components that Sun does not have the right to publish in source form under the GPL". According to free-software advocate Richard Stallman, this would end the "Java trap", the vendor lock-in that he argues applied to Java and programs written in Java.


title: OpenJDK

text: Following their promise to release a Java Development Kit (JDK) based almost completely on free and open-source code in the first half of 2007, Sun released the complete source code of the Java Class Library under the GPL on May 8, 2007, except for some limited parts that had been licensed to Sun by third parties and Sun was unable to re-license under the GPL. Included in the list of encumbered parts were several major components of the Java graphical user interface (GUI). Sun stated that it planned to replace the remaining proprietary components with alternative implementations and to make the class library completely free.


title: OpenJDK

text: When initially released in May 2007, 4% of the OpenJDK class library remained proprietary. By the appearance of OpenJDK 6 in May 2008, less than 1% (the SNMP implementation, which is not part of the Java specification) remained, making it possible to build OpenJDK without any binary plugs. The binary plug requirement was later dropped from OpenJDK 7 as part of b53 in April 2009.


title: OpenJDK

text: This was made possible, over the course of the first year, by the work of Sun Microsystems and the OpenJDK community. Each encumbrance was either released as free and open-source software or replaced with an alternative. Beginning in December 2010, all the so-called "binary plugs" were replaced by open-source replacements, making the whole JDK open sourced and the "binary plugs" not necessary anymore.


title: OpenJDK

text: On November 5, 2007, Red Hat announced an agreement with Sun, signing Sun's broad contributor agreement (which covers participation in all Sun-led free and open-source software projects by all Red Hat engineers) and Sun's OpenJDK Community Technology Compatibility Kit (TCK) License Agreement (which gives the company access to the test suite that determines whether a project based on OpenJDK complies with the Java SE 6 specification).


title: OpenJDK

text: Also in November 2007, the "Porters Group" was created on OpenJDK to aid in efforts to port OpenJDK to different processor architectures and operating systems. The BSD porting project led by Kurt Miller and Greg Lewis and the Mac OS X porting project (based on the BSD one) led by Landon Fuller have expressed interest in joining OpenJDK via the Porters Group. As of January 2008, both are part of the mailing list discussions. Another project pending formalization on the Porters Group is the Haiku Java Team led by Bryan Varner.


title: OpenJDK

text: In December 2007, Sun moved the revision control of OpenJDK from TeamWare to Mercurial (and later to Git and GitHub), as part of the process of releasing it to open-source communities.


title: OpenJDK

text: OpenJDK has comparatively strict procedures of accepting code contributions: every proposed contribution must be reviewed by another OpenJDK committer and the contributor must have signed the Sun/Oracle Contributor Agreement (SCA/OCA). Preferably, there should also be a jtreg test demonstrating the bug has been fixed. Initially, the external patch submission process was slow and, until September 2008, commits to the codebase were only made by Sun engineers. The process has improved and, , simple patches and backports from OpenJDK 7 to OpenJDK 6 can take place within hours rather than days.


title: OpenJDK

text: In 2011, an unofficial port of OpenJDK 6.0 to OS/2 was first released. This port is included in the OS/2 derivative ArcaOS.


title: OpenJDK

text: On 25 September 2013, Microsoft and Azul Systems collaborated to create Zulu, a build of OpenJDK for users of the Windows Azure cloud. Zulu is available as a free download from the community site Zulu.org. It is also possible to get Zulu on Amazon Web Services via Canonical's Juju Charm Store, the Docker Hub, and Azul Systems repositories. Azul contributes bug fixes and enhancements back to the OpenJDK project and has several project committers on staff. Red Hat resigned leadership of OpenJDK 6 at the beginning of 2017 and this was then taken up by Azul Systems.


title: OpenJDK

text: Since April 2016 there are unsupported community builds of OpenJDK for Microsoft Windows on GitHub in the project ojdkbuild which are released in pace with updates for Oracle JDK. From build 8u151 on, the MSI-installer offers an optional component for using Java Web Start based on the IcedTea-Web project.


title: OpenJDK

text: The number of external contributions to OpenJDK is growing since project inception. OpenJDK 11, released in September 2018, received 20% of external fixes and brought 17 new JEPs (features), out of which 3 were contributed by the community. Namely, JEP 315: "Improve Aarch64 Intrinsics" (contributed by BellSoft), JEP 318: "Epsilon: A No-Op Garbage Collector" (by Red Hat) and JEP 331: "Low-Overhead Heap Profiling" (contributed by Google).


title: OpenJDK

text: On October 11, 2010, IBM, by far the biggest participant in the Apache Harmony project, decided to join Oracle on the OpenJDK project, effectively shifting its efforts from Harmony to OpenJDK. Bob Sutor, IBM's head of Linux and open source, blogged that "IBM will be shifting its development effort from the Apache Project Harmony to OpenJDK".


title: OpenJDK

text: On November 12, 2010, Apple Inc. (just three weeks after deprecating its own Java runtime port) and Oracle Corporation announced the OpenJDK project for Mac OS X. Apple will contribute most of the key components, tools and technology required for a Java SE 7 implementation on Mac OS X, including a 32-bit and 64-bit HotSpot-based Java virtual machine, class libraries, a networking stack and the foundation for a new graphical client.


title: OpenJDK

text: On January 11, 2011, the Mac OS X Port Project was created on OpenJDK, and Apple made the first public contribution of code to the project. The initial Apple contribution built on the OpenJDK BSD port.


title: ICalendar

text: The Internet Calendaring and Scheduling Core Object Specification (iCalendar) is a media type which allows users to store and exchange calendaring and scheduling information such as events, to-dos, journal entries, and free/busy information, and together with its associated standards has been a cornerstone of the standardization and interoperability of digital calendars across different vendors. Files formatted according to the specification usually have an extension of codice_1. With supporting software, such as an email reader or calendar application, recipients of an iCalendar data file can respond to the sender easily or counter-propose another meeting date/time. The file format is specified in a proposed Internet standard (RFC 5545) for calendar data exchange.


title: ICalendar

text: iCalendar is used and supported by many products, including Google Calendar, Apple Calendar (formerly iCal), HCL Domino (formerly IBM Notes and Lotus Notes), Yahoo! Calendar, GNOME Evolution, eM Client, Lightning extension for Mozilla Thunderbird and SeaMonkey, and partially by Microsoft Outlook and Novell GroupWise.


title: ICalendar

text: iCalendar is designed to be independent of the transport protocol. For example, certain events can be sent by traditional email or whole calendar files can be shared and edited by using a WebDav server, or SyncML. Simple web servers (using just the HTTP protocol) are often used to distribute iCalendar data about an event and to publish busy times of an individual. Publishers can embed iCalendar data in web pages using hCalendar, a 1:1 microformat representation of iCalendar in semantic (X)HTML.


title: ICalendar

text: iCalendar was first created in 1998 by the Calendaring and Scheduling Working Group of the Internet Engineering Task Force, chaired by Anik Ganguly of Open Text Corporation, and was authored by Frank Dawson of Lotus Development Corporation and Derik Stenerson of Microsoft Corporation. iCalendar is heavily based on the earlier vCalendar by the Internet Mail Consortium (IMC). iCalendar data files are plain text files with the extension codice_1 or codice_3 (for files containing availability information only). RFC 5545 replaced RFC 2445 in September 2009 and now defines the standard.


title: ICalendar

text: The filename extension of codice_4 is to be used for files containing calendaring and scheduling information, codice_5 for files with free or busy time information consistent with this MIME content type. The equivalent file type codes in Apple Macintosh operating system environments are codice_6 and codice_7.


title: ICalendar

text: By default, iCalendar uses the UTF-8 character set; a different character set can be specified using the "charset" MIME parameter (if the transport method used supports MIME, such as Email or HTTP).


title: ICalendar

text: Each line is terminated by CR+LF (in hexadecimal: 0D0A). Lines should be limited to 75 octets (not characters) long. Where a data item is too long to fit on a single line it can be continued on following lines by starting the continuation lines with a space character (in hex: 20) or a tab character (in hex: 09).


title: ICalendar

text: Actual line feeds in data items are encoded as a backslash followed by the letter n or N (the bytes 5C 6E or 5C 4E in UTF-8).


title: ICalendar

text: The iCalendar format is designed to transmit calendar-based data, such as events, and intentionally does not describe what to do with that data. Thus, other programming may be needed to negotiate what to do with this data.


title: ICalendar

text: iCalendar is meant to "provide the definition of a common format for openly exchanging calendaring and scheduling information across the Internet". While the features most often used by users are widely supported by iCalendar, some more advanced capabilities have problems. For example, most vendors do not support Journals (VJOURNAL). VTODOs have had conversion problems as well.


title: ICalendar

text: iCalendar's calendar is also not compatible with some non-Gregorian calendars such as the lunar calendars used in Israel and Saudi Arabia.