title: The Late Late Show (American talk show)

text: On September 8, 2014, CBS announced that James Corden would succeed Ferguson as host on March 23, 2015. His show, originally slated to premiere on March 9, 2015, CBS pushed back its premiere to March 23, 2015, in December 2014, in order to use the NCAA basketball tournament as a means of promoting Corden's debut, and prevent a situation where two episodes would be pre-empted during the first week of the tournament. Corden's hosting tenure is the first to have a house band (the lack thereof having been a running joke during Ferguson's tenure); Reggie Watts serves as the franchise's first bandleader.


title: The Late Late Show (American talk show)

text: In keeping with customs employed on British chat shows, Corden interviews all of the nightly guests at once, opting for a more conversational style. He also eschews sitting behind the set's desk during the interview portion of the show, using it only for comedy bits and direct addresses to the audience. Corden's version of the show also originates from Studio 56 on a set that includes a bar. His segment on "Carpool Karaoke" where stars sing their songs in cars became highly popular online and clips of the show became popular videos.


title: The Late Late Show (American talk show)

text: David Letterman's contract included the right to control the time slot that follows his and produce the "Late Late Show" and it was his production company, Worldwide Pants, which selected previous hosts. With Letterman's departure, CBS became the sole producer of the show. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the British chat format was temporarily set aside for a more traditional American talk show format with two individual interviews (sometimes done through videotelephony or distant seating on-set), and musical guests recording in advance from outside studios.


title: The Late Late Show (American talk show)

text: On April 28, 2022, it was announced that Corden would be leaving "The Late Late Show" after the following year.


title: Backtracking

text: Backtracking is a class of algorithms for finding solutions to some computational problems, notably constraint satisfaction problems, that incrementally builds candidates to the solutions, and abandons a candidate ("backtracks") as soon as it determines that the candidate cannot possibly be completed to a valid solution.


title: Backtracking

text: The classic textbook example of the use of backtracking is the eight queens puzzle, that asks for all arrangements of eight chess queens on a standard chessboard so that no queen attacks any other. In the common backtracking approach, the partial candidates are arrangements of "k" queens in the first "k" rows of the board, all in different rows and columns. Any partial solution that contains two mutually attacking queens can be abandoned.


title: Backtracking

text: Backtracking can be applied only for problems which admit the concept of a "partial candidate solution" and a relatively quick test of whether it can possibly be completed to a valid solution. It is useless, for example, for locating a given value in an unordered table. When it is applicable, however, backtracking is often much faster than brute-force enumeration of all complete candidates, since it can eliminate many candidates with a single test.


title: Backtracking

text: Backtracking is an important tool for solving constraint satisfaction problems, such as crosswords, verbal arithmetic, Sudoku, and many other puzzles. It is often the most convenient technique for parsing, for the knapsack problem and other combinatorial optimization problems. It is also the basis of the so-called logic programming languages such as Icon, Planner and Prolog.


title: Backtracking

text: Backtracking depends on user-given "black box procedures" that define the problem to be solved, the nature of the partial candidates, and how they are extended into complete candidates. It is therefore a metaheuristic rather than a specific algorithm – although, unlike many other meta-heuristics, it is guaranteed to find all solutions to a finite problem in a bounded amount of time.


title: Backtracking

text: The term "backtrack" was coined by American mathematician D. H. Lehmer in the 1950s. The pioneer string-processing language SNOBOL (1962) may have been the first to provide a built-in general backtracking facility.


title: Backtracking

text: The backtracking algorithm enumerates a set of "partial candidates" that, in principle, could be "completed" in various ways to give all the possible solutions to the given problem. The completion is done incrementally, by a sequence of "candidate extension steps."


title: Backtracking

text: Conceptually, the partial candidates are represented as the nodes of a tree structure, the "potential search tree." Each partial candidate is the parent of the candidates that differ from it by a single extension step; the leaves of the tree are the partial candidates that cannot be extended any further.


title: Backtracking

text: The backtracking algorithm traverses this search tree recursively, from the root down, in depth-first order. At each node "c", the algorithm checks whether "c" can be completed to a valid solution. If it cannot, the whole sub-tree rooted at "c" is skipped ("pruned"). Otherwise, the algorithm (1) checks whether "c" itself is a valid solution, and if so reports it to the user; and (2) recursively enumerates all sub-trees of "c". The two tests and the children of each node are defined by user-given procedures.


title: Backtracking

text: Therefore, the "actual search tree" that is traversed by the algorithm is only a part of the potential tree. The total cost of the algorithm is the number of nodes of the actual tree times the cost of obtaining and processing each node. This fact should be considered when choosing the potential search tree and implementing the pruning test.


title: Backtracking

text: In order to apply backtracking to a specific class of problems, one must provide the data "P" for the particular instance of the problem that is to be solved, and six procedural parameters, "root", "reject", "accept", "first", "next", and "output". These procedures should take the instance data "P" as a parameter and should do the following:


title: Backtracking

text: The backtracking algorithm reduces the problem to the call "backtrack"("root"("P")), where "backtrack" is the following recursive procedure:


title: Backtracking

text: The "reject" procedure should be a boolean-valued function that returns "true" only if it is certain that no possible extension of "c" is a valid solution for "P". If the procedure cannot reach a definite conclusion, it should return "false". An incorrect "true" result may cause the "backtrack" procedure to miss some valid solutions. The procedure may assume that "reject"("P","t") returned "false" for every ancestor "t" of "c" in the search tree.


title: Backtracking

text: On the other hand, the efficiency of the backtracking algorithm depends on "reject" returning "true" for candidates that are as close to the root as possible. If "reject" always returns "false", the algorithm will still find all solutions, but it will be equivalent to a brute-force search.


title: Backtracking

text: The "accept" procedure should return "true" if "c" is a complete and valid solution for the problem instance "P", and "false" otherwise. It may assume that the partial candidate "c" and all its ancestors in the tree have passed the "reject" test.


title: Backtracking

text: The general pseudo-code above does not assume that the valid solutions are always leaves of the potential search tree. In other words, it admits the possibility that a valid solution for "P" can be further extended to yield other valid solutions.


title: Backtracking

text: The "first" and "next" procedures are used by the backtracking algorithm to enumerate the children of a node "c" of the tree, that is, the candidates that differ from "c" by a single extension step. The call "first"("P","c") should yield the first child of "c", in some order; and the call "next"("P","s") should return the next sibling of node "s", in that order. Both functions should return a distinctive "NULL" candidate, if the requested child does not exist.


title: Backtracking

text: Together, the "root", "first", and "next" functions define the set of partial candidates and the potential search tree. They should be chosen so that every solution of "P" occurs somewhere in the tree, and no partial candidate occurs more than once. Moreover, they should admit an efficient and effective "reject" predicate.


title: Backtracking

text: The pseudo-code above will call "output" for all candidates that are a solution to the given instance "P". The algorithm can be modified to stop after finding the first solution, or a specified number of solutions; or after testing a specified number of partial candidates, or after spending a given amount of CPU time.


title: Backtracking

text: The general constraint satisfaction problem consists in finding a list of integers , each in some range }, that satisfies some arbitrary constraint (boolean function) "F".


title: Backtracking

text: For this class of problems, the instance data "P" would be the integers "m" and "n", and the predicate "F". In a typical backtracking solution to this problem, one could define a partial candidate as a list of integers , for any "k" between 0 and "n", that are to be assigned to the first "k" variables . The root candidate would then be the empty list (). The "first" and "next" procedures would then be


title: Backtracking

text: The call "reject"("P", "c") should return "true" if the constraint "F" cannot be satisfied by any list of "n" integers that begins with the "k" elements of "c". For backtracking to be effective, there must be a way to detect this situation, at least for some candidates "c", without enumerating all those "m" "n"-tuples.


title: Backtracking

text: For example, if "F" is the conjunction of several boolean predicates, , and each "F"["i"] depends only on a small subset of the variables , then the "reject" procedure could simply check the terms "F"["i"] that depend only on variables , and return "true" if any of those terms returns "false". In fact, "reject" needs only check those terms that do depend on "x"["k"], since the terms that depend only on will have been tested further up in the search tree.


title: Backtracking

text: Assuming that "reject" is implemented as above, then "accept"("P", "c") needs only check whether "c" is complete, that is, whether it has "n" elements.


title: Backtracking

text: It is generally better to order the list of variables so that it begins with the most critical ones (i.e. the ones with fewest value options, or which have a greater impact on subsequent choices).


title: Backtracking

text: One could also allow the "next" function to choose which variable should be assigned when extending a partial candidate, based on the values of the variables already assigned by it. Further improvements can be obtained by the technique of constraint propagation.


title: Backtracking

text: In addition to retaining minimal recovery values used in backing up, backtracking implementations commonly keep a variable trail, to record value change history. An efficient implementation will avoid creating a variable trail entry between two successive changes when there is no choice point, as the backtracking will erase all of the changes as a single operation.


title: Backtracking

text: An alternative to the variable trail is to keep a timestamp of when the last change was made to the variable. The timestamp is compared to the timestamp of a choice point. If the choice point has an associated time later than that of the variable, it is unnecessary to revert the variable when the choice point is backtracked, as it was changed before the choice point occurred.


title: Two Chinas

text: The term "Two Chinas" refers to the geopolitical situation where two political entities exist under the name "China".


title: Two Chinas

text: In 1912, the Xuantong Emperor abdicated as a result of the Xinhai Revolution, and the Republic of China was established in Nanjing by revolutionaries under Sun Yat-sen. At the same time, the Beiyang government, led by Yuan Shikai, a former Qing dynasty general, existed in Beijing, whose legitimacy was challenged by the Nationalist government under the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party).


title: Two Chinas

text: From 1912 to 1949, China was scarred by warlords, the Japanese invasion and the Chinese Civil War. Throughout this turbulent period, various multiple governments existed in China. These include Yuan Shikai's Beiyang government (1912–1928), the Chinese Soviet Republic (1931–1937) established by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the puppet states of Manchukuo (1932–1945) and Mengjiang (1939–1945), the Fujian People's Government (1933–1934), Wang Jingwei's Japanese-sponsored puppet government (1940–1945), Ganden Phodrang's Tibet (1912–1951), Khoja Niyaz's Turkic Islamic Republic of East Turkestan (1933–1934), the Soviet-backed East Turkestan Republic (1944–1949), the Tuvan People's Republic (1921–1944), Bogd Khan's Mongolian State in Outer Mongolia (1911–1924) and the Mongolian People's Republic (1924–1992), with the latter recognized by China in 1946.


title: Two Chinas

text: As the Chinese Civil War ended in 1949, the Chinese communist People's Republic of China (PRC), led by CCP Chairman Mao Zedong, took control of Mainland China. The Republic of China, led by President Chiang Kai-shek, retreated the government of the Republic of China to the island of Taiwan,


title: Two Chinas

text: Though fighting continued for the next several years, by the time of the Korean War the lines of control were sharply drawn: the Communist-led People's Republic of China government in Beijing controlled most of mainland China, while the Kuomintang-led Republic of China government, now in Taipei, controlled the island of Taiwan, some surrounding islands, and a number of islands off the coast of Fujian. This stalemate was enforced with the assistance of the United States government that began deterring an invasion of Taiwan after the start of the Korean War.


title: Two Chinas

text: For many years, both governments contended to be the sole legitimate government of China. With the fighting largely over, the major battleground became diplomatic. Before the 1970s, the Republic of China was still recognized by many countries and the United Nations as the sole legitimate government of "China", which claimed sovereignty over both mainland China and Taiwan. The Republic of China had been a founding member of the United Nations and was one of the five permanent members of the Security Council until 1971, when they were expelled from the UN and China's representation was replaced by the People's Republic of China (PRC) via UN General Assembly Resolution 2758. Before the 1970s, few foreign governments recognised the People's Republic of China. The first governments to recognise it as the government of "China" were Soviet bloc countries, members of the non-aligned movement, and the United Kingdom (1950). The catalyst to change came in 1971, when the United Nations General Assembly expelled representatives of Chiang Kai-shek by refusing to recognise their accreditations as representatives of China. Recognition for the People's Republic of China soon followed from most other governments, including the United States. The Republic of China continued to compete with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to be recognised as the legitimate government of China.


title: Two Chinas

text: Since the 1990s, however, a rising movement for formal recognition of Taiwanese independence has made the political status of Taiwan the dominant issue, replacing the debate about the legitimate government of China. A view in Taiwan is that the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China are both sovereign, thus forming "two Chinas", or "one China, one Taiwan". Former Republic of China President Chen Shui-bian adamantly supported this status quo, and accordingly largely abandoned the campaign for the Republic of China to be recognised as the sole legitimate government of China. Under President Chen, the ROC government was campaigning for the Republic of China to join the United Nations as representative of its effective territory—Taiwan and nearby islands—only. Chen's successor, President Ma Ying-jeou, ceased that push.


title: Two Chinas

text: In the past, both the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC) have claimed "de jure" sovereignty over all of China whilst denying the legitimacy of the other. The position of the PRC and the Pan-Blue Coalition of the ROC remains that there is only one sovereign entity of China, and that each of them represents the legitimate government of all of China—including both mainland China and Taiwan—and the other is illegitimate. The position of the Pan-Green Coalition of the ROC is that Taiwan is an independent sovereign state named "Republic of China", and Taiwan is not part of "China". As of , 178 UN member states and the State of Palestine maintain diplomatic relation with the PRC. 13 UN member states and the Holy See maintain diplomatic relation with the ROC.


title: Two Chinas

text: The government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) opposes treating the Republic of China (ROC) as a legitimate state and portrays Taiwan as a rogue province of the PRC. The People's Republic of China government has consistently opposed "two Chinas", instead espousing that all of "China" is under one single, indivisible sovereignty under its "One China Principle", explicitly including Taiwan. Under this principle, while the PRC has no "de facto" control over territory administered by the ROC, the PRC nevertheless claims that the territories controlled by both the PRC and ROC are part of the same, indivisible sovereign entity "China".


title: Two Chinas

text: PRC government policy mandates that any country that wishes to establish a diplomatic relationship with the PRC must first discontinue any formal relationship with the ROC. According to "The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs", "non-recognition of the Taiwanese government is a prerequisite for conducting formal diplomatic relations with the PRCin effect forcing other governments to choose between Beijing and Taipei." In order to compete for other countries' recognition, each government has given money to certain small countries. Several small African and Caribbean countries have established and discontinued diplomatic relationships with both sides several times in exchange for huge financial support from each side. The PRC also uses its international influence to prohibit the ROC from entering international events such as the Olympic Games under its official name. Instead, the ROC was forced to adopt the name Chinese Taipei to enter such events since the 1980s. Furthermore, on press releases and other media, the PRC never refers to the ROC as such, instead referring to the territory of Taiwan as "China's Taiwan Province", and to the ROC government as "the Taiwan authority".


title: Two Chinas

text: Until the constitutional reforms of 1991, the Republic of China (ROC) actively asserted its claim of sovereignty over all of China and still opposes treating the People's Republic of China (PRC) as a legitimate state. ROC authorities clarified the constitutional reforms by stating they do not "dispute the fact that the PRC controls mainland China." Since then, the ROC has neither actively asserted these claims nor denied them. Democratization and liberalization of free speech has led to the emergence of the Taiwan independence movement, which is opposed to the idea of "Two Chinas". The ROC's position with respect to "Two Chinas" has varied by administration, with Pan-Blue administrations favoring it and Pan-Green administrations moving away from it.


title: Two Chinas

text: President Chen Shui-bian declared in 2002 that "with Taiwan and China on each side of the Taiwan Strait, each side is a country". In 2003 he explained that "Taiwan is not a province of one country nor is it a state of another". The Chen administration took steps to use the name "Taiwan" internationally to prevent confusion between the "two Chinas", such as placing the word "Taiwan" underneath "Republic of China" on Republic of China passports.


title: Two Chinas

text: In September 2008 President Ma Ying-jeou from the Kuomintang stated that the relations between the ROC and the PRC are neither between two Chinas nor two states, saying instead that it is a "special relationship". Further, he stated that the sovereignty issues between the two cannot be resolved at present, but he quoted the 1992 Consensus as a temporary measure until a solution becomes available. The spokesman for the ROC Presidential Office Wang Yu-chi () later clarified the President's statement and said that the relations are between two regions of one country, based on the ROC Constitutional position, the Statute Governing the Relations Between the Peoples of the Taiwan Area and Mainland Area and the 1992 Consensus.


title: Two Chinas

text: President Tsai Ing-wen of the Democratic Progressive Party was elected in 2016 and has refused to recognize the 1992 Consensus. Under the Tsai administration, the English words "Republic of China" were removed from Taiwanese passports, though the corresponding Chinese characters remained.


title: Punch (drink)

text: The term punch refers to a wide assortment of drinks, both non-alcoholic and alcoholic, generally containing fruits or fruit juice. The drink was introduced from the Indian subcontinent to England by employees of the East India Company in the late 17th century. Punch is usually served at parties in large, wide bowls, known as "punch bowls".


title: Punch (drink)

text: In the United States, federal regulations provide the word "punch" to describe commercial beverage products that do "not" contain fruit or fruit juice. The term is used to label artificially flavored beverages, with or without natural flavorings, which do not contain fruit juice or concentrate in significant proportions. Thus a product labeled as "fruit punch" may contain no fruit ingredients at all.


title: Punch (drink)

text: The original drink in the Indian subcontinent was named "paantsch". The word "punch" may be a loanword from Hindi पाँच ("pāñć"), meaning "five", as the drink was frequently made with five ingredients: alcohol, sugar, juice from either a lime or a lemon, water, and spices. Some believe the word originates from the English "puncheon", which was a volumetric description for certain sized barrels used to transport alcohol on ships.


title: Punch (drink)

text: The drink was introduced from the Indian subcontinent to England by employees of the East India Company in the late 17th century. From there it was introduced into other European countries. When served communally, the drink is expected to be of a lower alcohol content than a typical cocktail.


title: Punch (drink)

text: The term "punch" was first recorded in English documents in 1632. At the time, most punches were of the wassail type made with a wine or brandy base. But around 1655, Jamaican-produced rum came into use, and the "modern" punch emerged. By 1671, documents make references to punch houses.


title: Punch (drink)

text: As the need for a single-serving punch became evident, the sling, composed of spirits, water, and a sweetener, was invented.


title: Punch (drink)

text: Non-alcoholic varieties, which are especially given to children as well as adults who do not drink alcohol, typically include a mix of fruit juice, water, and a sweetener such as sugar or honey. Lemon-lime soda, ginger ale, or other fruit-flavored carbonated sodas are often added. It also often contains slices or chunks of actual fruit such as oranges and pineapple. The non-alcoholic versions are typically served at school dances, church functions, picnics, and other similar social occasions.


title: Punch (drink)

text: Commercial manufacturers distribute many types of "fruit punch" beverages. These are usually colored red. Despite the name, most brands contain only a small fraction of actual fruit juice; the major constituents are typically sugar or corn syrup, citric acid, and artificial flavors. They may also be carbonated or nonalcoholic cocktail mixers. Hawaiian Punch, Hi-C and Minute Maid are three of the better-known brands in the US. Other related drinks include Kool-Aid powdered drink mix, fassionola, and Tiki Punch (a carbonated soft drink from Shasta).


title: Punch (drink)

text: Historically, most spirit based early alcoholic punches were made using either arrack or rum. "Bajan (Barbadian) rum punch" is one of the oldest rum punches and has a simple recipe enshrined in a national rhyme: "One of Sour, Two of Sweet, Three of Strong, Four of Weak." That is: one part lime juice, two parts sweetener, three parts rum (preferably Barbados), and four parts water. It is served with a dash or two of Angostura bitters and nutmeg.


title: Punch (drink)

text: There are many rum-based punches, including Planter's Punch, Fish House Punch, Caribbean Rum Punch, and others. Arrack based punches were included in Jacob Grohusko's 1910 and Charles Mahoney's 1912 bartenders guides, and an early recipe for arrack punch was written by Pehr Osbeck, Olof Torén, and Carl Gustaf Ekeberg in their 1771 book, "A Voyage to China and the East Indies":


title: Punch (drink)

text: Alcoholic punches are common among parties for college and university students. These punches tend to be highly alcoholic and made with cheap ingredients. They may be referred to by names such as "grain punch" (made with high-proof grain alcohol and sundry mixers) or "Jungle Juice" (liquor of various sorts brought to a BYOB party, mixed in a lined trash can with various carbonated beverages, kool-aid, or whatever is on hand). Some exclude additional water altogether and have 30% alcohol by volume (ABV) or more.


title: Punch (drink)

text: Blow My Skull is a famous alcoholic punch drink that originated in mid-19th-century Australia that contains rum, porter, lime, sugar, and other ingredients.


title: Punch (drink)

text: "Bajan Punch" is made with rum, lime juice, cane sugar, nutmeg, and bitters. Falernum liqueur is also frequently added, which was itself an early form of punch made by steeping cloves with rum, lime, and other ingredients.


title: Punch (drink)

text: Ti' Punch, literally meaning "small punch", is a rum-based punch that is especially popular in Martinique and other French-speaking islands of Caribbean. The drink is traditionally made with white rhum agricole, lime, and cane syrup.


title: Punch (drink)

text: "Cups" is a style of punch, traditionally served before the departure of a hunting party in England. It is served at a variety of social events such as garden parties, cricket and tennis matches, and picnics. Cups are generally lower in alcohol content than other punches and usually use wine, cider, sloe gin, or liqueurs as the base. They often include quantities of fruit juices or soft drinks.


title: Punch (drink)

text: A well-known cup is the Pimm's Cup, using Pimm's No.1 (which contains gin) and British-style lemonade at a ratio of 1:2; a squeeze of lemon; then add orange, lemon and apple slices; a couple of cucumber wedges; and decorate with borage flowers.


title: Punch (drink)

text: Punch ("Punsch" in German) refers to a mixture of several fruit juices and spices, often with wine or liquor added and mostly topped with champagne or sparkling wine. Punch is popular in Germany and with many Germans who emigrated to America. Parties on New Year's Eve ("Silvester") often include a "Feuerzangenbowle" ("burnt punch" or, literally, "fire tongs punch"). This is a punch made of red wine and flaming overproof rum (such as Stroh), poured over a "Zuckerhut" (sugarloaf), a large conical sugar cube placed in the "Feuerzange". It's similar to mulled wine ("Glühwein"). Another warm punch, popular with hunters or others spending time in the cold, is jagertee punch.


title: Punch (drink)

text: Arrack-based punches were historically popular in India and Sri Lanka, where it was distilled from toddy, the wine made from sap of various palm trees.


title: Punch (drink)

text: Hwachae is a term for traditional Korean punches. "Sujeonggwa" is a traditional punch made from dried persimmons, cinnamon, and ginger.


title: Punch (drink)

text: Ponche is served during the Christmas holiday season. It is served warm. Some ingredients used to make "ponche" are more seasonal and even exotic. Fresh "tejocotes", known to the Aztecs as Texocotli (stone fruit) are required by most. "Tejocotes" are the fruit of the hawthorn tree and resemble crab apples; they have a sweet-sour flavor and an orange to golden yellow color. Other ingredients in "ponche" are prunes, pears, dry hibiscus, star anise, and sugar cane pieces.


title: Punch (drink)

text: In Argentina and Uruguay, Claret Cup has been introduced by British immigrants and was widely adopted by the population. Known as "Clericó", its Spanishized form, it is the traditional Christmas and New Year punch, which occur in the summer of the Southern Hemisphere. It is made with red wine and fruits such as oranges, apples, peaches, strawberries, etc. Other alcoholic beverages are commonly added in combination. In Argentina it is generally served from a punch bowl ("ponchera").


title: Punch (drink)

text: Due to its proximity to Argentina, Paraguay has also adopted "Clericó" (and with the same Spanishized name) and it is also consumed during Christmas and New Year celebrations there. In Paraguay, it is tipycally served from a clay pot called "kambuchi".


title: Punch (drink)

text: "Punch" is typically called in Sweden, and is commonly served in a bowl at social functions (e.g. graduation or wedding receptions). Bål as thought of broadly should not to be confused with punsch, which is a specific type of alcoholic punch using arrack that was very popular in Sweden in the decades around 1900. Due to its popularity the arrack punch saw commercial bottling in 1845, and became known more broadly outside Scandinavia as the liqueur Swedish punsch.


title: Punch (drink)

text: "Dragoon punch" was popular in Sweden and Norway in the early 1900s, and added both stout and beer to brandy, champagne, and sherry.


title: Punch (drink)

text: Some claim "Planter's Punch" was invented at the bar of the Planters' House hotel in St. Louis, Missouri. The recipe of Planter's Punch varies, containing some combination of rum, lemon juice, pineapple juice, lime juice, orange juice, grenadine, soda water, curaçao, Angostura bitters, and cayenne pepper. The first known print reference to Planter's Punch was in the August 8, 1908 edition of "The New York Times":


title: Punch (drink)

text: "Southern bourbon punch" is a drink closely associated with Kentucky and other Southern states. Sweet bourbon punch is made with sweet tea (a signature drink of the South), citrus flavors and bourbon whiskey. Bourbon is named for Bourbon County, Kentucky, and each year during the Kentucky Derby, recipes for bourbon punch abound.


title: United Service Organizations

text: The United Service Organizations Inc. (USO) is an American nonprofit-charitable corporation that provides live entertainment, such as comedians, actors and musicians, social facilities, and other programs to members of the United States Armed Forces and their families. Since 1941, it has worked in partnership with the Department of War, and later with the Department of Defense (DoD), relying heavily on private contributions and on funds, goods, and services from various corporate and individual donors. Although it is congressionally chartered, it is not a government agency.


title: United Service Organizations

text: Founded during World War II, the USO sought to be the GI's "home away from home" and began a tradition of entertaining the troops and providing social facilities. Involvement in the USO was one of the many ways in which the nation had come together to support the war effort, with nearly 1.5 million people having volunteered their services in some way. The USO initially disbanded in 1947, but was revived in 1950 for the Korean War, after which it continued, also providing peacetime services. During the Vietnam War, USO social facilities ("USOs") were sometimes located in combat zones.


title: United Service Organizations

text: The organization became particularly known for its live performances, called camp shows, through which the entertainment industry helps boost the morale of servicemen and women. In the early days, Hollywood was eager to show its patriotism, and many celebrities joined the ranks of USO entertainers. They went as volunteers to entertain, and celebrities continue to provide volunteer entertainment in military bases in the U.S. and overseas, sometimes placing their own lives in danger by traveling or performing under hazardous conditions. In 2011, the USO was awarded the National Medal of Arts.


title: United Service Organizations

text: The USO has over 200 locations around the world in 14 countries (including the U.S.) and 27 states. During a gala marking the USO's 75th anniversary in 2016, retired Army Gen. George W. Casey Jr., the chairman of the USO Board of Governors, estimated that the USO has served more than 35 million Americans over its history.


title: United Service Organizations

text: The USO was founded in 1941 by Mary Ingraham in response to a request from President Franklin D. Roosevelt to provide morale and recreation services to U.S. uniformed military personnel. Roosevelt was elected as its honorary chairman. This request brought together six civilian organizations: the Salvation Army, YMCA, Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA), National Catholic Community Service, National Travelers Aid Association and the National Jewish Welfare Board. They were brought together under one umbrella to support U.S. troops, as opposed to operating independently as some had done during the First World War. Roosevelt said he wanted "these private organizations to handle the on-leave recreation of the men in the armed forces." According to historian Emily Yellin, "The government was to build the buildings and the USO was to raise private funds to carry out its main mission: boosting the morale of the military."


title: United Service Organizations

text: The first national campaign chairman was Thomas Dewey, who raised $16 million in the first year. The second chairman was future senator Prescott Bush. The USO was incorporated in New York on February 4, with the first facility erected in DeRidder, Louisiana, 1941. More USO centers and clubs opened around the world as a "Home Away from Home" for GIs. The USO club was a place to go for dances and social events, for movies and music, for a quiet place to talk or write a letter home, or for a free cup of coffee and an egg.


title: United Service Organizations

text: The USO also brought Hollywood celebrities and volunteer entertainers to perform for the troops. According to movie historian Steven Cohan, "most of all ... in taking home on the road, it equated the nation with showbiz. USO camp shows were designed in their export to remind soldiers of home." They did this, he noted, by "nurturing in troops a sense of patriotic identification with America through popular entertainment." An article in "Look" magazine at the time, stated, "For the little time the show lasts, the men are taken straight to the familiar Main Street that is the goal of every fighting American far away from home." Maxene Andrews wrote, "The entertainment brought home to the boys. "Their" home." Actor George Raft stated at the beginning of the war, "Now it's going to be up to us to send to the men here and abroad real, living entertainment, the songs, the dances, and the laughs they had back home."


title: United Service Organizations

text: In 2011, the USO was awarded the National Medal of Arts by President Barack Obama "for contributions to lifting the spirits of America's troops and their families through the arts".


title: United Service Organizations

text: After being formed in 1941, in response to World War II, "centers were established quickly ... in churches, barns, railroad cars, museums, castles, beach clubs, and log cabins." Most centers offered recreational activities, such as holding dances and showing movies. And there were the well-known free coffee and doughnuts. Some USO centers provided a haven for spending a quiet moment alone or writing a letter home, while others offered spiritual guidance and made childcare available for military wives.


title: United Service Organizations

text: But the organization became mostly known for its live performances called "Camp Shows", through which the entertainment industry helped boost the morale of its servicemen and women. USO Camp Shows, Inc. began in October 1941, and by that fall and winter 186 military theaters existed in the United States. Overseas shows began in November 1941 with a tour of the Caribbean.


title: United Service Organizations

text: Within five months 36 overseas units had been sent within the Americas, the United Kingdom, and Australia, and during 1942 1,000 performed as part of 70 units. Average performers were paid $100 a week; top stars were paid $10 a day because their wealth let them contribute more of their talents.


title: United Service Organizations

text: These overseas shows were produced by the American Theatre Wing, which also provided food and entertainment for the armed services in their Stage Door Canteens. Funds from the sale of film rights for a story about the New York Canteen went toward providing USO tours of shows for overseas troops.


title: United Service Organizations

text: Following the Invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944, Edward G. Robinson was the first movie star to travel to Normandy to entertain the troops. He had already been active back home selling war bonds, and donated $100,000 to the USO. During his show, he said, "This is the most privileged moment of my life, the opportunity to be here with you." The following month, Camp Shows began in Normandy.


title: United Service Organizations

text: Until fall 1944 overseas units contained five performers or fewer; "The Barretts of Wimpole Street", using local theaters in France and Italy, was the first to use an entire theater company, including scenery. At its high point in 1944, the USO had more than 3,000 clubs, and curtains were rising on USO shows 700 times a day. The USO's fundraising efforts were controversial. An MGM film, "Mr. Gardenia Jones", created to assist the USO in its fundraising campaign, was nearly withdrawn from theaters due to objections by the War Department, mainly because of scenes showing soldiers jumping with joy at the opportunity to shower in canteens and rest in overstuffed and comfortable USO chairs. The Army, noted the "New York Times", "feels this is not good for morale as it implies that there are no showers or other comforts for soldiers in military camps." The film starred Ronald Reagan, then a captain in the Army Air Force.


title: United Service Organizations

text: Fundraising was also aided by non-USO entertainment groups. Soldier Shows, which troops – often experienced actors and musicians – organized and held their own performances, were common. The army formed a Special Services unit that organized such shows and supervised the USO, and the experience from the Soldier Shows led to Irving Berlin's Broadway show "This Is the Army". Performers and writers from throughout the army were recruited for the production; they remained soldiers and continued drills. Berlin, who had written and produced the similar "Yip, Yip, Yaphank" during World War I, took the entire 165-person cast on tour in Europe in 1942, raising nearly $10 million for the Army Emergency Relief Fund. The following year the show was made into a film by the same title, again starring Ronald Reagan. The "This Is The Army" stage production toured worldwide until it closed in October 1945 in Honolulu. The USO was also supported by the National War Fund.


title: United Service Organizations

text: War correspondent Quentin Reynolds, wrote in an article for "Billboard magazine" in 1943, that "Entertainment, all phases of it – radio, pictures and live – should be treated as essential. You don't know what entertainment means to the guys who do the fighting until you've been up there with the men yourself. ... You can quote me as saying that we should use entertainment as an essential industry so long as it's for the boys in service. Anybody who has been there would insist on it. ... Hell, you should have seen how happy the G.I.s were when they heard the ballplayers were coming over. And John Steinbeck, just back from a chore as war correspondent, ... also applauded show business as part of the war effort and its importance as a morale builder."


title: United Service Organizations

text: According to historian Paul Holsinger, between 1941 and 1945, the USO did 293,738 performances in 208,178 separate visits. Estimates were that more than 161 million servicemen and women, in the U.S. and abroad, were entertained. The USO also did shows in military hospitals, eventually entertaining more than 3 million wounded soldiers and sailors in 192 different hospitals. There were 702 different USO troupes that toured the world, some spending up to six months per tour. In 1943, a United States Liberty ship named the SS "U.S.O." was launched. She was scrapped in 1967.


title: United Service Organizations

text: Twenty-eight performers died in the course of their tours, from plane crashes, illness, or diseases contracted while on tour. In one such instance in 1943, a plane carrying a USO troupe crashed outside Lisbon, killing singer and actress Tamara Drasin, and severely injuring Broadway singer Jane Froman. Froman returned to Europe on crutches in 1945 to again entertain the troops. She later married the co-pilot who saved her life in that crash, and her story was made into the 1952 film "With a Song in My Heart", with Froman providing the actual singing voice. Others, such as Al Jolson, the first entertainer to go overseas in World War II, contracted malaria, resulting in the loss of his lung, cutting short his tour.


title: United Service Organizations

text: One author wrote that by the end of the war "the USO amounted to the biggest enterprise American show business has ever tackled. The audience was millions of American fighting men, the theatre's location: the world, the producer: USO camp shows" Performances continued after the end of the war in 1945. 60 new units went to Europe after V-E Day, and 91 new units went to the Pacific after V-J Day. The USO dissolved in December 1947, after having spent $240 million in contributions on Camp Shows, canteens, and other services. Special Services productions grew in number as replacement.


title: United Service Organizations

text: In 1991, 20th Century Fox produced the film "For the Boys", which told the story of two USO performers, and starred Bette Midler and James Caan. It covered a 50-year timespan, from the USO's inception in 1941 through Operation Desert Storm, in 1991. Another movie was planned in 1950 but never made. Just 10 days after Al Jolson returned from entertaining troops in Korea, he agreed with RKO producers to star in a new movie, "Stars and Stripes for Ever", about a USO troupe in the South Pacific during World War II. Unfortunately, he died a week later as a result of physical exhaustion from his tour.


title: United Service Organizations

text: According to Emily Yellin, many of the key foot soldiers in the USO's mission were women who were "charged with providing friendly diversion for U.S. troops who were mostly men in their teens and twenties." USO centers throughout the world recruited female volunteers to serve doughnuts, dance, and just talk with the troops. USO historian Julia Carson writes that this "nostalgic hour," designed to cheer and comfort soldiers, involved "listening to music – American style" and "looking at pretty girls, like no other pretty girls in the world – American girls."


title: United Service Organizations

text: African-American women scrambled to rally the community around the soldiers and create programs for them. By 1946, hostesses had served more than two thousand soldiers a day while also providing facilities for the wounded and convalescent who were on leave. They went to black businesses and fraternal organizations in order to find sponsorship for their USO group, and later expanded to fulfill the needs of soldiers during the Korean War. Moreover, they worked to merge black and white USOs into one desegregated unit. As black historian Megan Shockley noted, "Their work for the desegregation of USOs had begun during World War II, and it finally paid off."


title: United Service Organizations

text: Women were also key entertainers who performed at shows. Stars such as Marlene Dietrich, Judy Garland, Betty Grable and Rita Hayworth had traveled over a million miles. Yellin notes that on one tour, Hayworth visited six camps, gave thousands of autographs, and "came back from Texas with a full-fledged nervous breakdown from over-enthusiasm!" Opera singer Lily Pons, after she had performed a "serious" opera song to troops in Burma, "an applause erupted that stunned even the most seasoned performers." She later wrote in a letter, "Every woman back home wears a halo now, and those who represent her had better keep theirs on, too."


title: United Service Organizations

text: Author Joeie Dee pointed out that "for women entertainers, traveling with the USO made it possible to be patriots and adventurers as well as professionals." She adds, however, that the G.I.s in the USO audiences "tended to see these women in a different light – as reminders of and even substitutes for their girls back home, as a reward for fighting the war, as embodiments of what they were fighting for." Edward Skvarna remembers 1943, when he met Donna Reed at a USO canteen and asked her to dance. "I had never danced with a celebrity before, so I felt delighted, privileged even, to meet her. ... But I really felt she was like a girl from back home." Jay Fultz, author of a biography of Reed, states that soldiers "often wrote to her as if to a sister or the girl next door, confiding moments of homesickness, loneliness, privation and anxiety."


title: United Service Organizations

text: Like much of American society and its World War II military, USOs were segregated. In Riverside, California a Negro USO was established to serve the March Field service population. Celebrities visiting this USO included Clarence Muse and the Mantan Moreland & Ben Carter duo.


title: United Service Organizations

text: Singer-actress-dancer Ann Miller described performing for badly wounded soldiers. She did forty-eight shows for "broken soldiers," who were mostly lying on stretchers in the lobbies of hotels, watching as she entertained them. Yellin writes, "During her last show she collapsed and had to be taken home on an Army airplane." Afterwards, Miller described the experience:


title: United Service Organizations

text: In 1947, the USO was disbanded, due partly to lack of funds. In 1951, when the United States entered the Korean War, Secretary of Defense George Marshall and Secretary of the Navy Francis P. Matthews requested that the USO be reactivated "to provide support for the men and women of the armed forces with help of the American people." According to war historian Paul Edwards, between 1952 and 1953, not a day went by without the USO providing services somewhere in Korea. At home or overseas, in 1952 it was serving 3.5 million in the armed forces using much the same methods of operation as it did in World War II.


title: United Service Organizations

text: Many stars, both well-known and new, came to perform, including Bob Hope, Errol Flynn, Debbie Reynolds, Piper Laurie, Jane Russell, Paul Douglas, Terry Moore, Marilyn Monroe, Danny Kaye, Rory Calhoun, Mickey Rooney, Linda Coleman, Al Jolson and many others. Hispanic-American soldiers were entertained by artists such as Pérez Prado's Show featuring Evita Muñoz as his invited mambo dancer. Jolson was the first to volunteer, but due to lack of USO funds traveled to Korea at his own expense (he was also the first to entertain troops during World War II).


title: United Service Organizations

text: Author Linda Granfield in describing the show, writes, "For two hours, the men could forget they were soldiers at war. After the show, they returned to the fighting in the hills. Some in that audience never made it back." By the end of the war, over 113,000 American USO volunteers were working at 294 centers at home and abroad. And 126 units had given 5,422 performances to servicemen in Korea and the wounded in Japan.


title: United Service Organizations

text: The USO was in Vietnam before the first combat troops arrived, with the first USO club opened in Saigon in April 1963. The 23 centers in Vietnam and Thailand served as many as a million service members a month, and the USO presented more than 5,000 performances during the Vietnam War featuring stars such as John Wayne, Ann-Margret, Sammy Davis Jr., Raymond Burr, Phyllis Diller, Martha Raye, Joey Heatherton, Wayne Newton, Jayne Mansfield, Redd Foxx, Rosey Grier, Anita Bryant, Nancy Sinatra, Jimmy Hawkins, Jimmy Boyd, Lola Falana, George Peppard and Bob Hope. Philip Ahn, the first actor of Korean descent to become a Hollywood star, became the first Asian American USO performer to entertain troops in Vietnam.


title: United Service Organizations

text: In addition, the USO operated centers at major U.S. airports to provide a lounge and place to sleep for American servicemen between their flights. Vietnam historian James Westheider noted that the USO "tried to bring a little America to Vietnam." Volunteer American civilians, who did 18-month tours, staffed the clubs. According to Westheider, "The young women wore miniskirts – no slacks were allowed." Each club had a snack bar, gift shops, a barbershop, photo developing, overseas phone lines, and hot showers.


title: United Service Organizations

text: When providing entertainment, the USO did its best to attract known stars from back home to help relieve the stresses of war. Senator John Kerry recalled how important this kind of diversion would become. He remembered a "Bob Hope Follies" USO show, which included actress Ann-Margret, Miss America, football star Rosey Grier, and others. According to Kerry biographer Douglas Brinkley, "When the Swift finally made it back to the My Tho River, the crew confronted the heartbreaking sight of a huge Navy landing craft ferrying the troops back. The USO show was over." Kerry later wrote, "The visions of Ann Margret and Miss America and all the other titillating personalities who would have made us feel so at home hung around us for a while until we saw three Chinook helicopters take off from the field and presumed that our dreams had gone with them."


title: United Service Organizations

text: But for GIs who saw the show, it was worth it: "We turned to watch Ann perform, and for about two minutes of American beauty, the war was forgotten. Everyone fully understood just what was really worth fighting for. ... The show was fantastic, but the escape the Bob Hope tour provided us in expectation for days before, and after, helped us keep in touch with what we were there for – God, Country, apple pie ... and Ann-Margret!"


title: United Service Organizations

text: The visits by the stars meant a lot to the men and women in Vietnam. "It was not just the entertainment; it meant that they were not forgotten that far away from home," writes Westheider. He adds that the tours made a "deep impression" on the stars as well. Singer and actress Connie Stevens remembered her 1969 tour with Bob Hope, when she decided to go despite the fact she had two children both under the age of two. Today, she claims that "veterans were still stopping her and thanking her for visiting Vietnam over 30 years later."


title: United Service Organizations

text: Similarly, Ann-Margret during a book signing was approached by a veteran who asked her to sign a photo he took of her performing in Vietnam. Although the book's publishing representative for the signing event would not allow her to sign anything other than her book, the veteran's wife recalls:


title: United Service Organizations

text: In November–December 1968 the Sig Sakowitz troop from Chicago performed over 36 shows in South Vietnam with the USO in: Pleiku, Dalat, Danang, Cam Ran Bay, Phu Bai, Phu Loy, Hue, Natrang, Tan Son Nhut Airbase, Saigon and places in the boonies known only to military intelligence and the lonely soldiers yearning for a taste of home. The troop consisted of Doublemint Twins Terrie and Jennie Frankel, Gaslight Club singer Sara Sue, Comedian Tony Diamond and personality Sig Sakowitz. Shows were also performed with comedian Joey Bishop of the Rat Pack.


title: United Service Organizations

text: George Peppard, successful star of stage, TV and motion pictures, arrived in Vietnam for a USO HANDSHAKE TOUR in 1970 to visit the military in the hospitals and out in the "boonies."... He showed a keen interest in the men's mission while they were hungry for news of life back in the "World."... Polaroid pictures were taken by Mr. Peppard's escort officer, autographed, and given to the men.


title: United Service Organizations

text: In 1983, a bloody civil war was raging in Lebanon. In an effort to stop the violence in the region a Multinational Force of peacekeepers composed largely of U.S., Italian and French armed service members was created and sent to the region to attempt a restoration of order. As part of the multinational force the United States mobilized an expeditionary force composed of members of the United States Marine Corps and elements of the United States Sixth Fleet which operated out of the Mediterranean Sea.


title: United Service Organizations

text: Carrying on a tradition he had begun in World War II of spending Christmas with U.S. forces overseas, Bob Hope and his troupe of entertainers gave a show on board the battleship on December 24, 1983. Four hundred Marines stationed in Beirut attended the show.


title: United Service Organizations

text: American troops have been deployed in Italy since the end of World War II. In 1988, a car bomb targeted the USO club in Naples, which killed five people including a U.S. Navy officer.


title: United Service Organizations

text: To support troops participating in Operation Desert Shield, USO centers opened in Saudi Arabia. Entertainers performing for the troops included Bob Hope, Jay Leno, Steve Martin, Delta Burke, Ann Jillian, Gerald McRaney, Marie Osmond, the Pointer Sisters, country singer Gina James, and Bob Hope on his final USO tour.


title: United Service Organizations

text: To support troops participating in Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom, USO centers opened in Afghanistan, Iraq, Kuwait and Qatar. USO centers number more than 160 around the world. In those years, the USO opened centers at Fort Campbell, Kentucky; Fort Riley, Kansas; Fort Bliss, Texas; Fort Carson, Colorado; and Afghanistan. The USO provides a variety of programs and services, including orientation programs, family events, free Internet and e-mail access, free drinks and snacks, free phone calls home and recreation services. One of the newer programs, called "USO in a Box," delivers program materials ranging from DVD players and videos to musical instruments to remote forward operating bases in Afghanistan.


title: United Service Organizations

text: U.S. military personnel and their families visit USO centers more than eight million times each year.


title: United Service Organizations

text: Bruce Willis visited Baghdad, Camp Kir Kush and Camp Caldwell, Iraq around December 2003. Mr. Willis visited military bases in Iraq during his visit in Iraq.


title: United Service Organizations

text: From June 8 to 11, 2009, TV personality Stephen Colbert traveled to Iraq to film his show "The Colbert Report" for four days in a USO sponsored event.


title: United Service Organizations

text: Other entertainers who have traveled to the Middle East to perform include Al Franken (who made six USO tours in Kosovo, Iraq and Afghanistan before being elected a United States Senator from Minnesota), Robin Williams, Craig Ferguson, Gary Sinise, Zac Brown, Five Finger Death Punch, Artie Lange, Gary Dell'Abate, Nick DiPaolo, Jim Florentine, Jim Norton, Dave Attell, Avenged Sevenfold, Jessica Simpson, Carrie Underwood, Drowning Pool, Toby Keith (with special guest Gina James), Montgomery Gentry, Kellie Pickler, Mayra Veronica, Carlos Mencia, O.A.R., Trace Adkins, Kathleen Madigan, Louis C.K., Dane Cook, Lewis Black, Third Day, Colin Quinn, Kathy Griffin, and Neil McCoy.


title: United Service Organizations

text: The USO has provided services for the annual "Tribute to the Troops" special of World Wrestling Entertainment. They have aired WWE RAW from Afghanistan and Iraq every Christmas in the United States in a pre-taped show from the combat zone.


title: United Service Organizations

text: The USO provides services to troops before, during, and after deployment through staffed and unstaffed USO centers inside and outside combat zones.


title: United Service Organizations

text: USO centers in combat zones provide free phone calls home and internet access to service members through its private telephone network and high-speed internet.


title: United Service Organizations

text: The Bob Hope Legacy Reading program allows service members record and send a video of themselves reading a book to their children at home.


title: United Service Organizations

text: The organization sends toiletry and snack care packages to servicemen including travel-sized hygiene products of which 170,000 were shipped in 2019, healthy snacks, and drink mixes. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the organization assembled thousands of care packages for troops in mandatory 14-day quarantine en-route home.


title: United Service Organizations

text: The USO hosts baby showers for military parents-to-be. The baby showers allow pregnant military spouses to network and form a community while their spouses are deployed.


title: United Service Organizations

text: USO2GO is a service that provides customizable kits to military servicemen stationed in areas without a USO Center containing toiletries and snacks, furniture, electronics, and/or anything else they might need. Since 2008, the USO has shipped more than 2,000 kits to places like Afghanistan, Iraq, Egypt, and others.


title: United Service Organizations

text: In 1997, the U.S. Congress honored Bob Hope by declaring him the "first and only honorary veteran of the U.S. armed forces." According to Hope biographer William Faith, his reputation has become ingrained in the "American consciousness" because he had flown millions of miles to entertain G.I.s during both wartime and peace. His contribution to the USO began in 1941 and ended with Operation Desert Shield in 1991, spending 48 Christmases overseas with American service personnel. He was always treated as "an asset to the U.S. Government with his willingness to entertain whenever they needed him." After WWII was declared over, the USO had sent out an "impassioned bulletin" asking entertainers not to abandon the GIs now that the war was over. Hope was among the first to say yes. The Military Order of the Purple Heart notes that "his contributions to the USO are well known: they are legend."


title: United Service Organizations

text: As a result of his non-stop entertainment to both the civilian population and the military, he received numerous other honors over the years: a C-17 Air Force plane was named "The Spirit of Bob Hope"; a naval vessel was named the USNS "Bob Hope"; and streets, schools, hospitals, and a golf tournament were also named in his honor. A Senate resolution declared him "a part of American folklore." The "Guinness Book of Records" called him the most honored entertainer ever. And during his 1993 televised birthday celebration, when he turned 90, General Colin Powell saluted Hope "for his tireless USO trouping", which was followed by onstage tributes from all branches of the armed forces. General William Westmoreland spoke about his loyalty to the GI throughout the gritty Vietnam years. And bandleader Les Brown, who was with him during many of his tours, mentioned that his band "had seen more of Hope's ass in the last forty years than any of Hope's immediate family."


title: United Service Organizations

text: War correspondent Quentin Reynolds wrote in 1943, "He and his troupe would do 300 miles in a jeep, and give four shows ... One of the generals said Hope was a first rate military target since he was worth a division; that that's about 15,000 men. Presumably the Nazis appreciated Hope's value, since they thrice bombed towns while the comic was there."


title: United Service Organizations

text: During the Vietnam War, Hope produced a number of high-rated television specials and began to perceive that the U.S. media had given him a broad endorsement to continue on his work in Vietnam. Soon after his Christmas show in Saigon in 1967, he learned that the Viet Cong had planned to launch an attack at the hotel Hope's troupe was staying at, missing them by ten minutes. According to Faith, he was later "mystified and... increasingly intolerant of the pockets of dissent. Draft-card burnings on college campuses angered him". Hope wrote in a magazine article that "Can you imagine, that people in America are burning their draft cards to show their opposition and that some of them are actually rooting for your defeat?" In the spring of 1973, Hope began writing his fifth book, "The Last Christmas Show", which was dedicated to "the men and women of the armed forces and to those who also served by worrying and waiting." He signed over his royalties to the USO.


title: United Service Organizations

text: His final Christmas show was during Operation Desert Shield in 1990. The show was not easy, notes Faith. "There were so many restrictions. Hope's jokes were monitored by the State Department to avoid offending the Saudis ... and the media was restricted from covering the shows... Because in Saudi Arabia national custom prescribes that women must be veiled in public, Ann Jillian, Marie Osmond, and the Pointer Sisters were left off Hope's Christmas Eve show."


title: United Service Organizations

text: In 2009, Stephen Colbert performing his last episode of weeklong taping in Iraq for his "The Colbert Report" show, carried a golf club on stage and dedicated it to Bob Hope's service for the USO.


title: United Service Organizations

text: The USO has a paid staff of approximately 800. Additionally, more than 44,000 USO volunteers provide an estimated 371,417 hours of service annually. As reported by the USO, the unpaid volunteer to paid employee ratio overseas is 20 to 1. Within the United States, the number is "significantly higher."


title: United Service Organizations

text: The Charity Navigator gave the United Service Organizations a 3-star overall rating, a 2-star financial rating and a 4-star accountability and transparency rating.


title: Q Lazzarus

text: Diane Luckey (December 12, 1960 – July 19, 2022), known professionally as Q Lazzarus, was an American singer. She is best known for her 1988 song "Goodbye Horses", which became a cult classic after being prominently featured in a scene from Jonathan Demme's 1991 film "The Silence of the Lambs". Several of her songs were featured in other films directed by Demme before she disappeared from the public eye in the mid-1990s.


title: Q Lazzarus

text: Diane Luckey was born on December 12, 1960, in Neptune Township, New Jersey, the youngest of seven children. While attending the Mount Pisgah Baptist Church in Neptune as a child, she sang in the Mount Pisgah Youth Choir. She graduated from Neptune High School and, inspired after seeing a production of "Bubbling Brown Sugar" on Broadway, moved to New York City at age 18 to pursue a music career, where she worked as a backup singer and jingle writer at Sigma Sound Studios.


title: Q Lazzarus

text: In the 1980s, while making music as part of her band Q Lazzarus and the Resurrection, Q Lazzarus was working as a taxi driver in New York City to make a living. The band consisted of Q Lazzarus, songwriter William Garvey, backup singer Gloriana Galicia, Janice Bernstein, and Mark Barrett. According to Galicia, by 1985, Q Lazzarus was working in Chelsea as a live-in housekeeper and au pair for an English businessman named Swan, and the band would record vocal harmonies on cassette at Swan's house; Q Lazzarus also had a number of other day jobs at the time.


title: Q Lazzarus

text: Q Lazzarus was repeatedly turned away by record companies, who insisted they could not market her due to the dreadlocks she wore. After picking up filmmaker Jonathan Demme in her taxi during a blizzard and asking him if he was in the music business, Q Lazzarus played him her demo tape, to which he replied, "Oh my God, what is this and who are you?" Her song "Candle Goes Away" was then included in Demme's 1986 film "Something Wild". In the late 1980s, she moved to London to form an Aerosmith-style rock band, where she stayed for five years.


title: Q Lazzarus

text: In 1988, Q Lazzarus's signature song, "Goodbye Horses", written and produced by Garvey, was released. That same year, the song was included in Demme's film "Married to the Mob". It later became a cult hit following its inclusion in a scene from Demme's 1991 film "The Silence of the Lambs" featuring the film's antagonist, serial killer Buffalo Bill. Q Lazzarus then appeared in Demme's next film, 1993's "Philadelphia", in which she performed a cover of the Talking Heads song "Heaven".


title: Q Lazzarus

text: In 1996, Q Lazzarus and the Resurrection disbanded and Q Lazzarus disappeared from the public eye. , she had been working as a bus driver in Staten Island, and filed a lawsuit against a Hasidic bus company for not hiring female bus drivers. In August 2019, filmmaker Eva Aridjis met Q Lazzarus after getting picked up in her car service in New York City, and the two soon began working on a documentary about Luckey's life, "Goodbye Horses: The Many Lives of Q Lazzarus", which is set to be released in 2023.


title: Q Lazzarus

text: Q Lazzarus was known for her deep contralto voice, which sometimes was confused for the voice of a male singer.


title: The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street

text: "The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street" is episode 22 in the first season of the American television anthology series "The Twilight Zone". The episode was written by Rod Serling, the creator-narrator of the series. It originally aired on March 4, 1960 on CBS. In 2009, "TIME" named it one of the ten best "Twilight Zone" episodes.


title: The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street

text: Maple Street is full of children playing and adults talking when a shadow passes over, accompanied by a roar and a flash of light. Everyone notices, but they assume that it is a meteor and quickly resume their activities. The residents soon discover that their power went off, affecting stoves, lawnmowers, cars, and phones. They gather in the street to discuss the situation. Pete Van Horn, hammer slung in his bib overalls, volunteers to walk over to Floral Street, the next street over, to see if it is affected as well. His neighbors, Steve Brand and Charlie Farnsworth, decide to go into town, but Tommy, a neighborhood boy, urges them not to go. Tommy has read a story of an alien invasion causing similar issues, and says that the monsters do not want anyone to leave the street. Tommy adds that in the story, the aliens are living as a family that appears to be human but who are actually scouts, and the power outage that they cause is meant to isolate the neighborhood. The adults are incredulous, assuring him that the cause is natural.


title: The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street

text: Another resident, Les Goodman, tries unsuccessfully to start his car. As he is walking over to join the other residents, the car starts by itself. This, coupled with the fact that Les didn't rush outside when things started, makes the neighbors suspect that Les may be an alien. Charlie says Les had always been an oddball, and suggests they go over and investigate, while Steve urges them to be calm and not act like a mob. As they all gather, one woman brings up Les' late nights spent standing in the garden looking up at the sky, as if waiting or looking for something. Les, defending himself as a resident of Maple Street for five years, claims to suffer from insomnia, admonishes his neighbors that they should take caution and not panic. Steve tries to defuse the situation and prevent it from becoming a witch-hunt, but tensions remain high.


title: The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street

text: As darkness descends, Charlie begins keeping watch over Les Goodman's house. Steve suggests Charlie go home and go to bed. Another neighbor, Don, mentions that Steve has built a ham radio, which Charlie then claims no one has ever seen. Steve sarcastically confirms this, but only manages to make matters worse. Steve and the other neighbors continue to argue, using each person's idiosyncrasies as evidence that they are an alien. Steve warns that such behavior, looking for a scapegoat, is the surest way for the entire neighborhood to "eat each other up alive."


title: The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street

text: A shadowy figure carrying a hammer is seen walking toward them. Tommy exclaims that it is the monster. Claiming it may be necessary for protection, Don obtains a shotgun which Steve quickly confiscates. As the figure gets closer, Charlie panics, grabs the shotgun, and shoots the figure. When the crowd reaches the fallen figure, they realize it is Pete van Horn, and he is now dead. As Charlie struggles to defend his hasty action, the lights in his house come on. Les and Don voice suspicions that Pete had discovered evidence that Charlie is an alien, and he shot Pete to prevent exposure. Charlie makes a run for his house; everyone chases him, throwing stones, one of which smashes a window, causing the broken glass to fly at Charlie's face, cutting his forehead. Terrified, Charlie attempts to deflect suspicion onto Tommy. While his mother is quick to defend him, several neighbors agree with this idea, as Tommy was the only one who knew about the aliens' plans. Steve continues to try to defuse the situation, but no one listens.


title: The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street

text: Lights begin flashing on and off in houses throughout the neighborhood; lawnmowers and car engines start and stop for no apparent reason. The mob becomes hysterical, hurling accusations, smashing windows, and taking up weapons as the situation devolves into an all-out riot. Meanwhile, at a nearby hilltop, an alien spaceship and its crew are watching the riot on Maple Street while using a device to manipulate the neighborhood's power. They comment on how simply fiddling with consistency leads people to descend into paranoia and panic, and that this is a pattern that can be exploited. They also discuss their intention to use this strategy to conquer Earth, one neighborhood at a time. They then ascend a stairway into their spaceship.


title: The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street

text: The aliens are wearing uniforms left over from the 1956 science fiction film "Forbidden Planet". Also, the mockup set of the retractable stairway, leading into the lower half of the C-57D cruiser from the same film, is reused for this scene. At the end of the episode, a stock footage effects-shot of the cruiser in space can be seen (the same shot was also used in "Third from the Sun"). This technique was also used in "To Serve Man". The cruiser is shown upside down when compared to its orientation in "Forbidden Planet".


title: The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street

text: A 2003 remake of the episode was produced for the 2002 revival of "The Twilight Zone," but it was renamed "The Monsters Are on Maple Street". Serling received "Story By" credit. It starred Andrew McCarthy as Will Marshall and Titus Welliver as Dylan. The difference between the two is that the remake is more about the fear of terrorism. When the power surge happens in the remake, it is caused not by aliens, but instead by the government, specifically the United States Army, experimenting on how small towns react to the fear of terrorism. In the end, the neighborhood takes out its anger and frustration on a family who never left their house after the power surge occurred, thinking that they caused it since they still have power. The residents all fail the test miserably as did all the other inhabitants of every other street they tested.


title: The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street

text: A radio dramatization of this episode was produced in the mid-2000s as part of "The Twilight Zone" radio series, starring Frank John Hughes as Steve Brand. It was included in "The Twilight Zone: Radio Dramas – Collection 12" collection.


title: The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street

text: A graphic novel version was published by the Savannah College of Art and Design partnered with Walker & Co. A short-story version was published in "Stories from The Twilight Zone" and ends with a race of two-headed aliens moving into Maple Street.


title: The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street

text: The episode served as a major influence on science fiction in the decades that followed. Among the films that drew their inspiration from this episode include "The Trigger Effect", directed by David Koepp, and "The Mist", directed by Frank Darabont.


title: Shekhar Suman

text: Shekhar Suman married Alka Suman on 4 May 1983, and has a son Adhyayan Suman, a Bollywood film actor. An older son, Aayush, died of a heart ailment at age 11.


title: Shekhar Suman

text: Suman debuted in films with the "Utsav" opposite Rekha, produced by Shashi Kapoor and directed by Girish Karnad. He has worked in nearly 35 films including "Manav Hatya, Naache Mayuri, Sansar, Anubhav, Tridev, Pati Parmeshwar," and "Ranbhoomi".


title: Shekhar Suman

text: In television, he acted in "Wah Janaab" with Kiran Juneja. His television career included shows like "Dekh Bhai Dekh", "Reporter", "Kabhi Idhar Kabhi Udhar", "Chote Babu", "Andaz", "Amar Prem", "Vilayati Babu", "Movers n Shakers", "Simply Shekhar" and "Carry On Shekhar". He hosted "Film Deewane," "The Great Indian Comedy Show" on Star One until February 2006 and appeared in some episodes of "Dial One Aur Jeeto" on Sahara TV. He has also hosted quiz shows including "Nilaam Ghar" on Zee TV, "He-Man" on Star One and "Poll Khol" on STAR News. In 2015, he began hosting "Abki Bari Shekhar Bihari" on Aaj Tak.


title: Shekhar Suman

text: He was one of the judges of "The Great Indian Laughter Challenge" along with Navjot Singh Sidhu, quitting after three seasons over differences with his co-host. He featured as a judge on several other comedy shows such as "Comedy Circus" on Sony TV and "Comedy Superstar" on SAB TV. He hosted the show "Jab Khelo SAB Khelo" on SAB TV and participated in the fourth season of the popular dance reality show, "Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa" which aired on Sony TV.


title: Shekhar Suman

text: He made his singing debut with a music album named, "Kuch Khwaab Aise", a collection of eight love ballads whose music was composed by Aadesh Shrivastava and lyrics written by Shyam Raj. In December 2009, he appeared as a participant on the reality TV series, "Raaz Pichhle Janam Ka," based on past life regression. Suman made his directorial debut with 2014 film, "Heartless".


title: Shekhar Suman

text: Suman fought Lok Sabha election in May 2009 from Patna Sahib on Congress ticket and lost to BJP's Shatrughan Sinha, coming up in third place.


title: Zach Callison

text: Zachry Dean Callison (born October 23, 1997) is an American actor and singer. He is primarily known as the titular voice of Cartoon Network's "Steven Universe", and its follow-ups "" and "Steven Universe Future".


title: Zach Callison

text: Callison began acting on television in 2009, with a recurring role on "Diary of a Single Mom". For the next few years, he had a variety of one-off television roles. In 2013, he was cast in the main voice role of Prince James on "Sofia the First", and in the lead voice role of Steven Universe. He is also known for his role as Billy from "I'm in the Band" and additional voices from "Kinect Disneyland Adventures". He voiced King Tut in "Mr. Peabody & Sherman",<ref name="http://www.com"></ref> Young Jiro in "The Wind Rises",<ref name="http://www.gotham-news.com"></ref> and Billy Batson in the direct-to-video movies "" and "".<ref name="http://www.galacticnewsone.com"></ref>


title: Zach Callison

text: In January 2018, Callison released his debut single, "War!", followed by the singles "Curtain Call" and "She Don't Know". In August 2018, he released his debut EP, "A Picture Perfect Hollywood Heartbreak". The EP is a concept album about celebrity life and mental illness revolving around the protagonist's breakup with a mysterious woman named Juanita, as well as his thoughts of suicide and substance abuse. Callison detailed his inspiration behind the album, saying "It's also a commentary on a lot of young actors and artists who have lost the battle; there's been a lot of dead 20 and 21-year-olds in the industry this year, some of whom I knew or admired. I don't know how we fix the problem, but I needed to say something." Also in 2018, he starred in singer/songwriter Nathan Sharp's music video for the song "Phantom" playing the role of a magician who learned the wrong spells.


title: Zach Callison

text: Callison is also a singer and can play the piano. Callison is a youth representative for the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. Callison frequents anime and cartoon conventions as a guest, such as Florida Supercon and Holiday Matsuri. He graduated from Oak Park High School in Oak Park, California on June 11, 2015.


title: Zach Callison

text: Callison was nominated for "Best Performance in a Voice-Over Role (Television) – Young Actor" category in the 34th Young Artist Awards which he shared with Jake Sim. He was also nominated in the "Best Performance in a Feature Film – Supporting Young Actor" for his role in "Rock Jocks". In "2012", he was nominated in the "Best Performance in a TV Series – Guest Starring Young Actor 11-13" for his role in Disney's "I'm in the Band".


title: Changes (XXXTentacion song)

text: "Changes" (stylized in lowercase) is a song written and performed by American rapper and singer XXXTentacion from his second studio album "?". The song features uncredited vocals from fellow American rapper and singer PnB Rock. It was released as the second single from the album on March 2, 2018. It is XXXTentacion's last single to be released during his lifetime.


title: Changes (XXXTentacion song)

text: On March 1, 2018, X announced he was releasing two songs from his then-upcoming album "?", saying on Instagram "Dropping two songs from my album tonight at 12:00 am est, play them more times than you can count." "Changes" was released on March 2, 2018, on Spotify, Deezer, iTunes/Apple Music and Tidal alongside "Sad!".


title: Changes (XXXTentacion song)

text: "HotNewHipHop" called it a "slow jam" and noted that X is "channeling his emotion to go for more of a singing vibe." "Billboard" called it a "heart-on-sleeve track" with revealing lyrics. "XXL" called the song a "piano-driven ballad" that takes a different tone than X's "Sad!".


title: JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: All Star Battle

text: A remaster featuring additional content, titled was released for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S, and Microsoft Windows via Steam on September 2, 2022.


text: "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: All Star Battle" is a 3D fighting game in which players can fight against each other using characters taken from the first eight story arcs of Hirohiko Araki's "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure" manga series (and one from a prior work by Araki), fighting in various locations taken from the manga. Like most fighting games, the aim is to defeat your opponent by draining their stamina gauge (HP is used in a certain game mode) with various attacks and special techniques. The player wins a round by draining all of their opponent's stamina, or by possessing more stamina than their opponent when time runs out. Gameplay uses five main buttons; light, medium, and heavy attacks, a dodge button, and a "Style" button. Along with the ability to use various special attacks and techniques with different directional inputs, each character possesses a Battle Style, allowing them to utilize additional moves with the "Style" button. Styles fall into one of six, later seven main categories: Ripple, Vampirism, Mode, Stand, Mounted, Baoh Armed Phenomenon, and Ogre Street, each utilizing different abilities when the Style button is pressed. For example, Ripple users can use the power of the Ripple to augment the strength of their attacks, whilst Stand users can summon out their Stand, giving them additional move types whilst also making themselves more vulnerable.


text: Attacking and receiving damage fills up a player's which, when filled to either one or two levels, allows players to perform powerful or , depending on how much their gauge is filled and which multiple button input is chosen. Players can decrease their opponent's Heart Heat Gauge by using taunts when they are knocked down. Players can also use Flash Cancels to deplete their own Heart Heat Gauge to cancel their current combo attack and chain into a new one. The Heart Heat Gauge is also used in some Battle Styles and certain special techniques. , similar to the "Blazing Fists Match" system of Capcom's 1998 fighting game based on the series, occurs when two "Rush" attacks collide with each other, beginning a button mashing minigame. When a character's Stamina is low, the character enters one of two modes to turn the tide of the match: , which increases the character's attack strength and Heart Heat Gauge restoration, and , which in addition to the bonuses from Rumble Mode adds a temporary invincible armor as well. Novice players can use the system, which allows them to more easily string together combos and techniques by using only a single button. Along with the stamina gauge, players also have a which depletes when they block attacks, causing them to become vulnerable if it is completely drained in a . The Guard Gauge is also depleted by Stylish Evades, special dodges that when executed properly make the character perform one of their iconic poses from the manga. The remaster adds three new mechanics; Assist Attacks, in which players can summon another character for an attack, Air Dash, which lets fighters dash in the air, and Stylish Guard, which lets players dodge attacks at the last second.


text: Each of the game's stages, based on locations from the manga, feature battleground gimmicks which trigger when a character is knocked down onto a certain area, causing hazards such as a speeding chariot to run characters down or a rain of poison dart frogs to induce a poison status. There are also Dramatic Finishes, which trigger when a player is defeated by a super move in a certain area, replicating scenes from the manga.


text: "All Star Battle" features many different game modes. Story Mode is a single player option that allows players to go through an original story inspired by the first eight parts of the manga. Players control the protagonists of the series, partly reenacting various scenes from the manga. Winning Scenarios awards the player Gold that they can use to buy Support Items, items that change certain conditions in battle, for Story Mode or in the Gallery Shop. After completing a Part's Story Mode once, a new option known as Another Battle opens up, allowing the player to play as the opposite character in the Story Mode matches, taking on the role of the series' antagonists. There are also a series of Secret Missions in each Story Mode Scenario, such as requiring the player to hit the opponent with a particular move or not losing a match. These award additional Gold as well as artwork and character models not accessible from the Gallery Shop. It is only through Story Mode that additional on-disc characters are unlocked through play. However, if a player purchases any downloadable characters, new Story Mode Scenarios will open.


text: Campaign Mode is an online mode where players can unlock items known as Customize Medals which allow them to change the preset appearance and mannerisms of their unlocked characters. Players either fight a Vision, a computer opponent customized by another player, or a Boss character, which appears usually less than 7% of the time. While all matches result in the player winning the Taunt, Victory, or Sound Effect Medals, only the Bosses possess the rarer Additional Color, Special Costume, and Additional Line Medals. To enter a match, a player must spend a unit of Energy, similar to the number of lives available in social network games. Boss characters possess an HP bar used outside of battle, depleted by a set amount after every victory or loss. This amount can be multiplied through the expenditure of Energy, with more Medals awarded in a shorter period of time. Once the player encounters the Boss through random chance, they are given a 10-minute window to use another Energy to encounter the Boss, again, at a 100% chance or else the encounter rate is reset. Once the Boss's HP reaches 0, the player will be awarded a Special Costume Medal and the Boss's HP will be restored for the next encounter. Campaign Mode also features several random events that can assist the player in either Vision or Boss matches, such as Rudol von Stroheim depleting the opponent's health bar, Cioccolata increasing the rate at which Boss HP is depleted when more Energy is used, or Ken Oyanagi offering the player a game of rock-paper-scissors to confirm that the next match will be a Boss match of the player's choice. Several of these events may require Energy, such as with Ken Oyanagi where the player can spend one or two Energy levels to remove one or two of Ken's options in the rock-paper-scissors game, ensuring a win. Energy was initially restored at a rate of one unit per 20 minutes, and at points a special campaign was run to increase the restoration process to 5 minutes. In the October 11, 2013, patch, the five-minute restoration was made a permanent aspect of the game. The player can also receive Energy as a result of a random event, or it can be purchased via microtransactions. There are also several Support Items in the game, awarded through random events, as the player improves their Campaign Score, or via microtransaction. The Campaign Score also serves to unlock customization options for the Player Card.


text: Versus Mode features both local offline play and online play in either free battles or ranked matches which affect a player's Battle Score. Customize Mode allows players to utilize the Customize Medals won through Campaign Mode to change their character's taunt phrases, taunt poses, and winning poses, as well as customize their own Vision other players compete against in Campaign Mode. There is also an option to modify the quote that appears on the Player Card used in Versus Mode online play, with new quotes won through increasing one's Campaign Mode Campaign Score, and an option to view the Player Cards of other players encountered through Versus Mode. Gallery Mode displays all of the 2D artwork, 3D character models, sound test, and "JoJo's Dictionary", a collection of trivia relating to characters in the game. The mode also features a Gallery Shop where the player purchases entries for the other Gallery Mode options. In addition, the game features a standard Practice Mode and an Options Mode. The Western version of the game adds an Arcade Mode, in which the player faces up against eight computer-controlled opponents. At some times Arcade Mode will become a "Harvest" mode when connected to the internet, awarding more Gold at the end of the matches.


text: In the remaster, the Story and Campaign modes are replaced by All-Star Battle mode, which features 100 battles, featuring battles from the manga and original "what-if" battles, with unique conditions through which players can unlock costumes and background music. The Versus mode now features 3-on-3 team battles and a tournament function.


text: Characters each possess one of five main , reflecting the origins of their own abilities from the manga's continuity, although some characters may possess aspects of the other Battle Styles. The sixth and seventh battle styles are exclusive to Baoh's Ikuro Hashizawa and Robert E. O. Speedwagon respectively.


text: Both Vampires and the Pillar Men are limited to nighttime or indoor stages until certain qualifications are met in Story Mode. They also all possess a unique animation for the Situation Finish on Part 3's DIO's Mansion stage.


text: Several characters possess unique additional status bars or icons. These include Guido Mista's available ammunition and members of Sex Pistols, Enrico Pucci's 14 Words to switch between Whitesnake and C-Moon, or Gyro's Steel Balls and Rotation energy. Characters from Part 7 "Steel Ball Run" have a shared unique status bar which represents how many parts of the they possess; for example, one piece allows Gyro to use the Scan move, two pieces allow Johnny to automatically restore his fingernail bullets (otherwise requiring a special move to activate), while all three pieces enable Valentine to use D4C -Love Train- which makes him immune to projectile attacks, particularly those from Johnny and Gyro.


text: There are a total of 32 playable characters available on the game disc, with 14 unlocked from the start. Additional characters were made available as part of DLC campaigns, eventually bringing the total number of characters to 41. One of these downloadable characters, Ikuro Hashizawa, makes a guest appearance from Hirohiko Araki's earlier manga series, "Baoh".


text: Ten additional characters were added for the remastered release, bringing the total to 51 initial characters. Most of these newcomers originate from CyberConnect2’s subsequent "JoJo" game, "". Four additional characters are set to be added to the remaster as post-launch downloadable content via a season pass, with two others added as free DLC.


text: There are many non-playable characters that appear throughout the game. Some feature prominently in the menu UI; others can be found in the Story Mode narration, random events in Campaign Mode, the Stage Gimmicks and Situation Finishes, or as options in the Player Card quotes. Dialogue for all characters in the game are quotes from the original manga or related works, such as the light novels. The voice cast of the first season of the anime series reprise their roles for the game; the remastered release expands this to the voice cast of the first five seasons.


text: Several downloadable content campaigns were released, featuring additional playable characters for purchase, additional Customize Medals to be unlocked through Campaign Mode, and unique title screens. The first online campaign, , was made available at launch, featuring 144 Customize Medals as well as the downloadable characters Yoshikage Kira and Shigekiyo Yangu. The second online campaign, , was released on September 12, 2013, adding an additional 128 Customize Medals and the downloadable characters Iggy and Pannacotta Fugo. The third campaign, , was released on September 26, 2013, featuring an additional 128 Customize Medals and adding downloadable characters LisaLisa and Joseph Joestar as seen in "Stardust Crusaders". The fourth campaign, , featured an additional 126 Customize Medals alongside downloadable characters Vanilla Ice and Narsico Anasui. The fifth and final campaign, , added Ikuro Hashizawa as a downloadable character and featured 127 additional Customize Medals. On December 3, 2013, Yoshikage Kira was made available for purchase for those who did not purchase the first edition of the game. In addition, several new items were added to the Campaign Mode store that were previously shown in-game but were unobtainable. A week later, an additional Campaign Data Pack was released, changing the HP and encounter rates of all bosses and restoring the game's original title screen.


text: In addition to these standard download campaigns, a series of special download codes were made available throughout the game's release. The first was a limited edition download code included for people who pre-ordered "All Star Battle" from the HMV via the Loppi kiosks at Lawson stores throughout Japan that unlocked special taunt phrases for the Josuke Higashikata (4), Okuyasu Nijimura, and Koichi Hirose characters. Another such code was included in the game's official guide book, but or a special victory phrase for Jotaro Kujo. A third download code for a special costume for Johnny Joestar was included in Banpresto's "Steel Ball Run" Ichiban Kuji campaign for people who won their local shop's daily Last One prize.


text: December 19, 2013, saw the beginning of a collaboration with the HD version of "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Heritage for the Future", allowing players to download alternate costumes for Jotaro Kujo and Jean Pierre Polnareff based on promotional artwork for the original arcade game.


text: Four paid downloadable characters are planned for the remastered version of the game. The first of these downloadable characters, Risotto Nero from "Golden Wind", was revealed on October 7, 2022 and was released on October 28, 2022. A season pass is available for the game, which offers early access to each of the four planned paid downloadable characters for the game as well as an additional pair of costumes for Rohan Kishibe and Muhammad Avdol.


text: On November 5, 2022, two free downloadable characters, Weather Report and Enrico Pucci (Final) (the latter is original "ASB" version of Pucci) from "Stone Ocean", were revealed to be coming to the game alongside the original game's Kennedy Space Center stage, to coincide with the release of the final episodes of . Both the characters and the stage were released on December 1, 2022.


text: The Digital Deluxe Edition comes bundled with the season pass and an additional set of costumes for the protagonists of the series' first five story arcs. Players who pre-ordered the game received an additional costume for Jolyne Cujoh, which was later made available separately.


text: As a way to promote the video game, Namco Bandai and CyberConnect2 performed a series of Livestream broadcasts called during July and August 2013. During the broadcasts, Bandai Namco producer Noriaki Niino, CyberConnect2 producer Hiroshi Matsuyama, and comedian and "JoJo" fan Kendo Kobayashi hosted a tournament between the computer controlled characters to display gameplay. There were six sets of preliminary matches where characters were grouped together randomly, with the top two characters out of each group moving onto the quarter finals. A seventh group consisting of the last characters to be announced and a fan favorite from the previous groups was run, with the winner joining the other twelve characters. Several fan favorite characters were included as seats. The sixteen characters then were put into a tournament bracket, with the winner of the "All Star Battle League" ultimately being DIO. To commemorate the victory, a special PlayStation 3 theme featuring DIO and his Stand The World was made available.


text: "All Star Battle" was first announced in July 2012. The game is built with an engine known as the , which gives it a stylized manga look.


text: The game is sold as both a standard edition and a limited edition , which contains a gold plate etching of Giorno Giovanna and his Stand Gold Experience, a figure statue of Jotaro Kujo and his Stand Star Platinum, and the game's original soundtrack on a CD resembling the power of the Stand Whitesnake. First edition pressings of both the standard and limited editions include a memo pad designed to look like Part 4 supporting character Hayato Kawajiri under the thrall of Rohan Kishibe's Heaven's Door Stand and a download code to access the character Yoshikage Kira. In the seventh promotional video for the games, Namco Bandai announced it would be providing all downloadable characters for half-price through September 25, 2013, due to the preorders. At the 2013 Tokyo Game Show, Namco Bandai made another announcement that they would be continuing this half-price campaign through at least Campaign 3; in an announcement for a new patch, it was revealed the campaign would run through December 2, 2013.


text: On September 19, 2013, Namco Bandai Games announced it would be releasing the game internationally in 2014, with a release date of Spring 2014 announced for Europe. The game will have localized names for some of the characters, with the publisher working with Shueisha to ensure names fit with Hirohiko Araki's intentions "while not offending any party", and will match with the North American and European releases of the recent anime series for consistency. In late January 2014, it was announced that "All Star Battle" would be given a limited physical release in the United States through Amazon.com and ClubNamco.com, as well a release on the PlayStation Network. The game will also include a new Arcade Mode not found in the Japanese release featuring the player fighting eight CPU-controlled characters that will occasionally enter a "Harvest" mode to connect online and get more gold (the in-game currency). The release also includes all of the patches released for the Japanese version. The European release of the games will also feature a limited edition release, dubbed the "Exquisite Edition", which in addition to a physical copy of the game includes a figurine of Jotaro Kujo and Star Platinum studded with 6000 Swarovski crystals, which will receive a limited release and be auctioned off for charity through GamesAid. The auction ended on April 5, 2014, at . Another Exquisite Edition was sold at auction during the 2014 Anime Expo, with proceeds going to a local children's hospital.