title: Princess Zelda

text: In 2006, the release of "" presented Zelda in a more realistic artistic style. The sombre tone of the game is also reflected in the dark portrayal of Zelda's character, which involves her being possessed by Ganondorf to become his puppet. Illustrator Yusuke Nakano tried to portray the princess as a pensive character, "as if she's wondering about something". He drew illustrations of Zelda with feelings of "hopelessness and anxiousness", but tried to avoid depicting her and Link "too full of gloom and doom".


title: Princess Zelda

text: For "" (2009), Zelda was given a more active role in the gameplay, adventuring alongside Link in spirit form, which made a sharp contrast to her damsel in distress role in earlier installments. Eiji Aonuma, the series' longtime manager and producer, explained that this decision reflected the desires of fans and developers alike. A survey conducted in the United States signified consumers preferred more independent female characters, including Zelda's alter-egos Sheik (from "") and Tetra (from "" and ""). Director, Daiki Iwamoto, also expressed an interest in making Zelda "a more integral part of the game" during the development of "Spirit Tracks".


title: Princess Zelda

text: In 2011, Zelda appeared in "" as a student of the Knight Academy instead of her usual role as princess. The designers wanted her to look like a "typical village girl" and aimed to "establish her as a heroine". They removed the royal ornamentation from her head and designed her wearing sky blue and a red dress. They also created Zelda in her goddess form, in which she was designed, "dressed simply, and in white". Eiji Aonuma stated that his team had been "looking at how we can create a Zelda that's not just a princess that needs to be rescued, but as somebody who has an active role and has her own part in the story".


title: Princess Zelda

text: For the release of "" in 2017, a variety of concept art was considered for Zelda's character design. In a three-part series on the making of the game, Director Hidemaro Fujibayashi commented that Zelda's character was the most difficult to define: "The planners started by thinking about what kind of person Zelda is, and why she's in a position that makes us want to save her... The designers, on the other hand, took a completely opposite approach, or perhaps I should say different approach compared to the planners. For them it was all about first impressions... about how Zelda's design could make you feel something deep inside". The team was so concerned about her design that they repeatedly made refinements to her design until the end of development. Alongside various dress designs, Zelda's image was updated to include outfits that showed her ready for combat, including the final blue blouse and pants that complemented Link's primary outfit.


title: Princess Zelda

text: Princess Zelda has been voiced by several voice actors, including Bonnie Jean Wilbur in , Brandy Kopp in "Super Smash Bros. Ultimate" (World of Light only) and Stephanie Martone in "Cadence of Hyrule". She is voiced by Canadian-American actress Patricia Summersett in "". Summersett is the first English-language voice actress of Princess Zelda in the thirty years of the canonical video game series. Zelda has also been voiced by several Japanese actors, including Jun Mizusawa ("", "", "Super Smash Bros. Melee", "Super Smash Bros. Brawl", "Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U"), Hikari Tachibana ("", "", "", "Hyrule Warriors"), Akane Omae (""), Ayumi Fujimura ("" and "Super Smash Bros. Ultimate"), Saori Seto ("Hyrule Warriors") and Yū Shimamura ("", "Breath of the Wild" and "").


title: Princess Zelda

text: Zelda is a princess and member of the royal family of Hyrule. She is typically depicted with blonde or brown hair and blue eyes and wears a royal dress, tiara and jewellery. Her appearance bears the characteristic traits of the Hylians, a fictional people that are human in form with elfin features, such as pointy ears. Throughout the series her age has ranged from a child to a teenager and young adult.


title: Princess Zelda

text: In the early games, Zelda primarily takes the role of the damsel in distress for Link to save after she is kidnapped by the series main antagonist, Ganon. However, her role has evolved over the course of the series. She sometimes assists and guides Link during his adventures and aids him in battle. In "", she appears dressed as a mysterious ninja named Sheik who helps Link on his journey. In "", she plays an active role in the game in the guise of Tetra and also takes part in the final battle to defeat Ganondorf. In "" she travels alongside Link in the form of a spirit and assists him in overcoming various obstacles. In "", she plays a prominent role in the storyline, with a complete story arc that is revealed in the form of Link's memories and portrays her as an emotionally complex character.


title: Princess Zelda

text: In the lore of the series, the first incarnation of Zelda is the mortal reincarnation of the goddess Hylia, a prominent deity within the games. Each subsequent incarnation of Zelda possesses the blood of the goddess and a range of inherent magical powers. Zelda also represents the physical embodiment of Hylia's struggle to protect the mortal world from evil and takes responsibility for protecting the kingdom of Hyrule.


title: Princess Zelda

text: Zelda is also closely associated with Nayru, one of the three Golden Goddesses who are the creators of the fictional world of Hyrule. Like Link and Ganon, she is the bearer of one third of the Triforce, a mystical artefact and icon within the series. Zelda possesses the Triforce of Wisdom, which gives her the inherent qualities of intelligence and wisdom. In the original 1986 "The Legend of Zelda", the Triforce of Wisdom is split into fragments, necessitating Link to retrieve it in order to defeat Ganon. In later games, it manifests itself within Zelda, giving her the ability to conjure light arrows.


title: Princess Zelda

text: Throughout the series, Zelda has wielded various weapons. In "" she is depicted holding a sword and also fights with a sword in "Hyrule Warriors". She is also skilled in the use of a bow, which she uses to shoot light arrows at enemies, such as Ganondorf. In addition to using the Twilight Bow in "Twilight Princess", Zelda's signature weapon is the Bow of Light, a recurring legendary weapon in the series. In "", it is the most powerful bow in the game and she gifts it to Link to help him defeat Ganon in beast form. In "", Zelda is able to unleash several powerful attacks using the Bow of Light, including creating rings of light around enemies to deal greater damage. She also uses the Sheikah Slate, a handheld tablet featuring several runes, to attack enemies remotely.


title: Princess Zelda

text: Most iterations of Zelda have magical powers, such as teleportation, precognition, and the ability to heal. In "", she uses telepathy to communicate with Link after being captured. In "Breath of the Wild", Zelda locks Ganon away in an alternate dimension using her sealing power, which is unlocked while defending Link during a fatal attack.


title: Princess Zelda

text: Within the lore of the "Zelda" series, Princess Zelda is directly connected to the other main characters, Link and Ganon. The three characters represent three parts of the Triforce, a mysterious artifact and prominent icon in many "Zelda" games that creates balance within the fictional universe. While Link embodies courage and Ganon represents power, Zelda's role is to be the embodiment of wisdom. The three characters are repeatedly connected in this struggle for the balance of power.


title: Princess Zelda

text: Zelda's connection to Link has been a central aspect of "The Legend of Zelda" series, but their relationship has also been varied and ambiguous. Some games, such as "", "" and "" have hinted at the possibility of a romantic relationship between the two characters. "" placed greater emphasis on a romantic relationship in its storyline. To illustrate this, Nintendo released an official "Romance Trailer" for the game. However, producer Eiji Aonuma had originally planned to cut out any elements of romance from the game but decided to keep it in and explained that "it wasn't that we wanted to create a romance between Link and Zelda as much as we wanted the player to feel like this is a person who's very important to me, who I need to find". In "" a more complex relationship between Link and Zelda is depicted in the storyline, which is revealed within various cutscenes of Link's memories. The memories provide a complete story arc for their relationship in which Zelda initially resents Link, but finally risks everything to protect him.


title: Princess Zelda

text: In "", Zelda disguises herself as a surviving member of the Sheikah clan under the name of . With voice muffled and face concealed, as well as wearing a form-fitting blue unitard with the red Sheikah eye in the center, Sheik is unrecognizable as Zelda. Sheik plays the lyre and teaches Link new songs to help him on his quest. When Link arrives at the Temple of Time near the end of the game, she uses the Triforce of Wisdom and reverts to Zelda. Zelda reveals that she disguised herself as Sheik to hide from Ganondorf, who wants to take the Triforce of Wisdom from her so that he can possess all three pieces of the Triforce and control its power. When she reveals her real identity to Link, she magically transforms into her traditional form wearing her princess attire. This reveal is foreshadowed by a Gossip Stone located outside Hyrule Castle that states, "contrary to her elegant image, Princess Zelda of Hyrule Castle is, in fact, a tomboy". Sheik's gender was the subject of debate, with some fans believing that Zelda transforms herself into a male character in "Ocarina of Time". However, Nintendo senior product marketing manager Bill Trinen responded that Sheik is a woman — Zelda in a different outfit. In 2016, Miyamoto revealed in an interview that the development team had considered the possibility of producing a spin-off game with Sheik as the protagonist. Sheik was also released as one of several compatible amiibo with "The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild".


title: Princess Zelda

text: is a young pirate captain who is the incarnation of Zelda in "" and its Nintendo DS sequel, "". Like Sheik, she plays a major role in the storyline, by helping Link to find his sister, Aryll. However, rather than purposefully taking on the guise of Tetra, Zelda is unaware of her royal bloodline until the end of the game. Tetra is an orphan who inherits her position as pirate captain from her mother, who died when she was young. Throughout "The Wind Waker", she is depicted as a strong but compassionate leader and like Sheik appears at various points in the storyline to help Link. When Ganondorf realises that Tetra is really Zelda, she only believes it is her true identity when it is revealed by the Triforce of Wisdom. Tetra's transformation into Zelda takes place when the long lost king of Hyrule attaches a small golden object to Tetra's necklace to form the Triforce of Wisdom. This surrounds Tetra with blinding white light that subsides and reveals Zelda in her true princess form. After this reveal, she spends the remaining part of the game in her traditional appearance of Zelda, but reappears as Tetra at the end of the game.


title: Princess Zelda

text: "The Phantom Hourglass" follows on from "The Wind Waker" with Link and Tetra exploring the sea. Tetra is captured on a ghost ship, and Link must defeat the monster Bellum to save her. In a 2011 interview with "GamesRadar+", Eiji Aonuma commented on the possibility of Tetra reappearing within the "Zelda" series: "Personally, I really like the character, but the director on the DS games after that, Mr. Iwamoto, said he didn't really like her, so he didn't want to use her".


title: Princess Zelda

text: As the eponymous character of the series, Princess Zelda has appeared in most of "The Legend of Zelda" games. However, there have been several games in which she does not make an appearance, including "" (1993), "" (2000), where she only appears in a flashback, and "" (2015).


title: Princess Zelda

text: In Zelda's first appearance in the original "The Legend of Zelda" (1986), she is kidnapped by Ganon, the series' main antagonist, who seeks to steal the Triforce of Wisdom from her. Before he is able to capture her, she divides the Triforce of Wisdom into eight pieces and hides the pieces across the land. She is eventually rescued by Link, and the two of them reunite the Triforces of Wisdom and Power. Although Zelda has only a minor role in the game, she was established as a central character in the storyline.


title: Princess Zelda

text: Zelda reappears in the sequel, "" (1987). According to the game's manual, this incarnation of Zelda has been put into an eternal slumber after refusing to give up the power of the Triforce. Link breaks the curse by retrieving the Triforce and using its power to awaken her. This is the first game showing a relationship between the two characters, as Zelda rewards Link with a kiss at the end of the game.


title: Princess Zelda

text: In "A Link to the Past" (1991), Zelda is given a prominent role in the storyline and is established as a major character in the battle between good and evil. She is described as one of seven maidens descended from seven sages who sealed away Ganon during the Imprisoning War, a battle fought against Ganon's evil army. She is kidnapped and telepathically pleads with Link to rescue her. After being rescued, she and the six other maidens assist Link in breaking the seal on Ganon's tower so that Link may defeat the villain.


title: Princess Zelda

text: In "Ocarina of Time" (1998), Zelda first appears as a child. Suspicious of the Gerudo King Ganondorf, she charges Link with the task of collecting the three spiritual stones to open the door to the Sacred Realm and obtain the Master Sword and Triforce before Ganondorf does. Just before Link pulls the Master Sword from its pedestal, Ganondorf reveals his wicked intentions and Zelda flees Hyrule Castle with her guardian Impa before he can capture either of them. Still in hiding seven years later, she poses as a young Sheikah boy named Sheik. When Link wakes up after seven years, she guides him on his quest to save Hyrule's Sages before revealing her true identity. With Zelda's help, Link defeats Ganondorf after he transforms into his beast form named Ganon.


title: Princess Zelda

text: In (2001), Zelda only appears after inputting a secret code that is obtained upon completing one of the games. In the storyline, she senses danger in the lands of Holodrum and Labrynna and sends her handmaiden Impa to protect Din, the Oracle of Seasons, and Nayru, the Oracle of Ages. In the full linked game, Zelda is captured by Twinrova and it is revealed that they plan to sacrifice her in order to ignite the Flame of Despair and resurrect Ganon once again, but Link intervenes and takes on Ganon in the final boss battle.


title: Princess Zelda

text: "" (2002) presents Princess Zelda as one of many descendants who protect the seal on the Four Sword. In the plot, she takes Link to the Four Sword Sanctuary, which seals the evil sorcerer Vaati. Sensing that the seal's power is diminishing, she tries to inspect it, but is captured by Vaati, who had already escaped and takes her to his Palace of Winds to marry her. She is again rescued by Link with the power of the Four Sword and together they seal Vaati away.


title: Princess Zelda

text: The Zelda character in "The Wind Waker" (2002) is unaware of her royal identity, living instead as the pirate captain named Tetra. She first appears in the clutches of a giant bird called the Helmaroc King, though she struggles and is dropped at the top of Link's home island of Outset. She then agrees to help Link rescue his younger sister Aryll, whom the Helmaroc King has subsequently captured. She decides to help Link confront Ganon at the Forbidden Fortress, but they are unsuccessful in defeating him. Ganondorf discovers Tetra's true identity as Princess Zelda when the Triforce of Wisdom is repaired. In the final boss battle against Ganondorf, she assists Link by using his bow to shoot arrows of light.


title: Princess Zelda

text: In "" (2004), the storyline is set in motion when dark clouds cause Zelda to fear the return of Vaati. While attempting to reseal him, she and the six maidens are captured by Dark Link. To save them, Link uses the Four Sword but accidentally sets Vaati free. After Link rescues her, it is revealed that Ganon is behind the capture. After Vaati is defeated, Zelda helps Link to finally defeat Ganon by giving him the Magic Bow.


title: Princess Zelda

text: In "" (2004), Princess Zelda is turned to stone by Vaati, who shatters the legendary Picori Blade and breaks the seal that prevents evil spreading across Hyrule. Link is tasked with saving the princess by restoring the Picori Blade in order to lift the curse.


title: Princess Zelda

text: "Twilight Princess" (2006) centres around the Twilight King Zant invading the kingdom of Hyrule. Zelda is forced to surrender to Zant in order to protect her people. This results in the kingdom being enveloped in Twilight and the people of Hyrule disappearing and becoming spirits. The game involves Link, who is transformed into a wolf by the Twilight Realm's power, and his companion Midna working together to free Hyrule from the Twilight before finally defeating Zant, who is revealed to be a devotee of Ganondorf. Towards the end of the game, Zelda appears as the ninth boss when she is possessed by Ganondorf and controlled like a puppet. In the final battle with Ganondorf, Zelda accompanies Link on horseback and offers support by stunning Ganondorf with Light Arrows.


title: Princess Zelda

text: "Phantom Hourglass" (2007) follows on from the storyline of "The Wind Waker" and reintroduces Zelda in her Tetra incarnation. When Tetra is turned to stone and kidnapped by a Ghost Ship, Link jumps overboard and is rescued by a fairy named Ciela. In order to save Tetra, he must set sail with Ciela and a sea captain named Linebeck to find the guardians of Power, Wisdom, and Courage.


title: Princess Zelda

text: In "Spirit Tracks" (2009) Zelda meets Link, who is a railroad engineer, at his graduation ceremony. She is attacked by villainous Chancellor Cole and her spirit is separated from her body. In this ghostly form, she agrees to accompany Link on his adventure. "Spirit Tracks" differs from other "Zelda" games by featuring Zelda as a playable cooperative character. In her spirit form, she is able to possess Phantom Knights in order to help Link restore the Spirit Tracks. Her character can perform various tasks to help Link, such as carrying him on her shield or distracting enemy Phantoms so that Link can sneak past.


title: Princess Zelda

text: Though not a princess in "Skyward Sword" (2011), Zelda is presented as the reincarnation of the goddess Hylia and the character's first incarnation within the fictional timeline. Zelda is a close childhood friend to Link who grew up with him in Skyloft, a place in the clouds. When she is spirited away in a tornado conjured by the demon lord Ghirahim, Link travels to the Surface to search for Zelda. He is eventually reunited with Zelda after opening the Gate of Time. Ghirahim drags Zelda to the past and uses her power to release the antagonist Demise in the past to change events. After Link defeats Demise in battle, he and Zelda remain on the Surface to establish Hyrule Kingdom.


title: Princess Zelda

text: In "A Link Between Worlds" (2013), Zelda entrusts the Pendant of Courage to Link when the sorcerer Yuga begins capturing the descendants of the Seven Sages. After obtaining the remaining two pendants and drawing the Master Sword, Link pursues Yuga but is made to watch when he turns Zelda into a painting and casts her into the dying world of Lorule. Pursuing them to Lorule, Link is nearly destroyed by Yuga when he uses the Sages to revive Ganon and steal his Triforce of Power, but he is saved when Zelda's Lorule counterpart Princess Hilda binds Yuga. On Hilda's suggestion, Link rescues the Sages and is given the Triforce of Courage, then returns to Hilda only to see her taking Zelda's Triforce of Wisdom. She reveals that everything that had happened in Hyrule was intentionally designed to gather the Triforce so that Hilda can steal it and use its magic to restore Lorule. Hilda orders Yuga to take Link's Triforce of Courage, but Yuga betrays Hilda and turns her into a painting alongside Zelda. After Yuga's death, Zelda and Hilda are returned to normal, but Hilda refuses to accept defeat until Link's own Lorule counterpart Ravio convinces her that she has no right to rob Hyrule of its Triforce. Taking pity on Hilda, Zelda and Link use their Triforce to restore Lorule's own, allowing Hilda's kingdom to flourish once again.


title: Princess Zelda

text: In the backstory of "Breath of the Wild" (2017), Zelda is at the forefront of the storyline, which is revealed through a series of cutscenes showing Link's memories. The cutscenes depict her struggles to awaken her sacred power and show her insecurities and initial resentment towards Link after he is appointed as her personal knight. Calamity Ganon appears and takes control of the Guardians and Divine Beasts, ancient Sheikah machinery used to defeat him ten millennia previously. Zelda finally awakens her sacred power while protecting Link from a fatal blow and sends him to be placed in stasis in the Shrine of Resurrection. She uses her power to seal Calamity Ganon and herself in Hyrule Castle. After 100 years she awakens Link so that he can finally destroy Ganon. In the final battle, she gives Link the Bow of Light to defeat Ganon in his dark beast form.


title: Princess Zelda

text: In 2023, Zelda and Link are due to reappear in "". The upcoming release is set within the same game world and features the characters with similar appearances to their 2017 versions. Nintendo released a trailer for the game in its E3 2021 Nintendo Direct, which showed various scenes from the game, including a clip of Zelda falling into an abyss.


title: Princess Zelda

text: Zelda appears in three CD-i games based on "The Legend of Zelda" series. In "" (1993), she is kidnapped by Ganon and has to be rescued by Link. In "" (1993) and "Zelda's Adventure" (1994), Princess Zelda is the protagonist and must save Link. "Zelda: The Wand of Gamelon" is noteworthy as the first time that Zelda appeared as a playable character. However, the series is generally criticized by fans and not recognized by Nintendo as canon.


title: Princess Zelda

text: Zelda is a playable character in "Hyrule Warriors" (2014). Her weapons include the light arrows, which have been associated with her in several previous "Zelda" games, a rapier, as well as the Wind Waker, the titular conductor's baton from the series' entry. The Dominion Rod from "Twilight Princess" is also available as downloadable content for the Wii U game and in "Hyrule Warriors Legends" (2016) for the Nintendo 3DS. In addition to her "Hyrule Warriors" incarnation, Tetra and Toon Zelda (her incarnation from "Spirit Tracks") appear in "Hyrule Warriors Legends" (and can be added to "Hyrule Warriors" as downloadable content). Tetra fights primarily wielding a Cutlass and water magic-infused pistol, though like Princess Zelda can use Light Arrows during certain attacks. Toon Zelda uses her ghostly form to possess a Phantom and fights wielding its sword and shield known as Phantom Arms. In addition to her Phantom, Toon Zelda can also leave it briefly during certain attacks to unleash the power of her spirit. Tetra can be unlocked through the latter part of the main story of "Hyrule Warriors Legends", while Toon Zelda appears as part of the ""Phantom Hourglass" & "Spirit Tracks"" downloadable content.


title: Princess Zelda

text: Zelda is a playable character in the rhythm game "Cadence of Hyrule", which was released in 2019 for the Nintendo Switch. It is a crossover between "Crypt of the NecroDancer" and "The Legend of Zelda" series.


title: Princess Zelda

text: In "" (2020), a prequel to "Breath of the Wild", Princess Zelda is one of eighteen playable characters. The game tells the story of the Great Calamity that happened 100 years before "Breath of the Wild".


title: Princess Zelda

text: Zelda was introduced in the "Super Smash Bros." series as a playable character in "Super Smash Bros. Melee" (2001) and has appeared in every subsequent game, including "Super Smash Bros. Brawl" (2008), "Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS" and "Wii U" (2014) and "Super Smash Bros. Ultimate" (2018). In "Melee" and "Brawl", Zelda possesses the ability to transform into Sheik. In "3DS and Wii U" and "Ultimate", they are separate characters. Her character moves mainly involve magical attacks, while Sheik is focused more on speed and physical attacks. In "Super Smash Bros. Brawl" her design was based on her appearance in "Twilight Princess". In a 2007 interview, Eiji Aonuma said that his design team had submitted initial character models for Sheik, Link and Ganondorf for use within the "Brawl" environment and Sheik was confirmed as a returning character. An alternate color variation for Zelda with an appearance similar to that of "Super Smash Bros. Melee" was also included in "Brawl". The "Twilight Princess" incarnation of Zelda and Sheik returned in "Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS" and "Wii U", this time as separate characters with no ability to switch between them in mid-battle. In "Super Smash Bros. Ultimate", Sheik's design took inspiration from the Sheikah Set in "Breath of the Wild" and Zelda's design is based on her appearance in "A Link Between Worlds" and "A Link To The Past".


title: Princess Zelda

text: A set of "The Legend of Zelda" cartoons aired from 1989 to 1990 as a part of DiC's "The Super Mario Bros. Super Show". The series was loosely based on the original game and centres on four main characters, Link, Zelda, Ganon and a fairy named Spryte. It also features Zelda's father, King Harkinian. The series developed Zelda's character and presents her with a strong personality. Although she is sometimes captured by Ganon, she is depicted as a smart, resourceful character. The series also emphasises a romantic relationship between Link and Zelda, in which Link is always begging Zelda for a kiss. Thirteen episodes were produced before the cancellation of "The Super Mario Bros. Super Show". Zelda was voiced by Cyndy Preston in the TV series.


title: Princess Zelda

text: A version of cartoon Zelda (with slightly more revealing clothing) appeared in assorted episodes in the second season of "". In this crossover, Zelda and Link befriend Kevin Keene and Princess Lana as they all attempt to restore peace to Hyrule. These appearances function as a follow-up to the original "Zelda" cartoon.


title: Princess Zelda

text: A comic series published in the early 1990s by Valiant Comics was based on the adventures of Zelda and Link. It ran for five issues, with a sixth story published under the Nintendo Comics System brand. The storyline echoes "The Legend of Zelda" animated television series, which was being aired around the same time. Like the animated series, it involves Link attempting to get a kiss from Zelda, but also depicts Zelda displaying affections towards Link. In the storyline for "To the First Power", Zelda trains to defend herself and eventually defeats a wizzrobe in order to save Link.


title: Princess Zelda

text: A serial comic by manga author Shotaro Ishinomori was originally published in 1992 in "Nintendo Power" magazine and later collected in graphic novel form. It was based on "The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past" and tells an alternate version of the events. It was reprinted as a single volume in 2015 by Viz Media. Other manga adaptations of "The Legend of Zelda" games have also been published, including "Majora's Mask", "Ocarina of Time", "The Minish Cap" and "Phantom Hourglass", which are illustrated by Akira Himekawa.


title: Princess Zelda

text: Alongside Link, Zelda appears in several Nintendo gamebooks. Two books titled "The Crystal Trap" and "The Shadow Prince" were published in 1992, which were written in the style of "Choose Your Own Adventure" books. In "The Crystal Trap", the plot focuses on Zelda freeing Link from the trap, while "The Shadow Prince" involves Link saving Zelda.


title: Princess Zelda

text: Princess Zelda has been generally well received by critics and gamers alike. "Chip" ranked Princess Zelda as the third top "girl of gaming" in general. "Complex" placed Zelda and Sheik in the fourth and third places on its 2012 list of video game characters that deserve a spin-off. "Entertainment Weekly"s Darren Franich listed her as one of 15 "kick-ass women" in video games in 2013, praising how her portrayal developed from the mere princess who "got kidnapped, over and over again" in early games to "a wise-beyond-her-years youth into a major player in the battle for Hyrule" in "Ocarina of Time". "Den of Geek" ranked Zelda in fourth place on a list of "10 Best Female Game Characters" in 2013. Zelda's alter-ego Tetra was recognised by "The Guardian" as one of 30 "interesting female game characters", with the comment that "despite her young age, Tetra demands respect and gets it".


title: Princess Zelda

text: Critics and gamers have also commented on Zelda's physical attractiveness. GameDaily listed her as one of the 50 "hottest video game women" in 2009, stating that while she did not start out as much, she became beautiful in later games. In 2010, Wesley Yin-Poole of VideoGamer.com included her on his list of "top ten video game crushes": "We love Peach and Kitana, but if we were stranded on a desert island and could only keep one video game princess for company, it would be Princess Zelda from the "Legend of Zelda" series - we've had the hots for Zelda's pointy ears for years, ever since her 8-bit days, in fact". That same year, GameTrailers included her on their countdown of the "Top 10 babes who are out of your league" at number four. "Game Informer" listed Sheik second on its 2011 list of the top ten disguises. In 2014, Julia Cook of "Paste" ranked Princess Zelda from "Four Swords" as the third "best dressed lady" in video games. TF1 ranked her in 13th place on its 2010 list of the sexiest video game characters to cosplay.


title: Princess Zelda

text: The relationship between Link and Princess Zelda has also been positively received. It was ranked as the number one video game romance by James Hawkins of "Joystick Division", who commented, "Never overtly called-out and not yet actualized, this tacit romance has shaped one of gaming's greatest franchises". "IGN" chose Link and Zelda as one of "The Greatest Video Game Couples", particularly highlighting their story in "Skyward Sword".


title: Princess Zelda

text: Some critical commentary has focused on Zelda's role within the series. The book "Female Action Heroes" described Zelda as "perhaps one of the most well-known princesses in video game history", though acknowledged that her role in the games was to serve as a "damsel in distress".


title: Princess Zelda

text: SVG.com's Cody Gravelle commented that "Princess Zelda is so famous she has an entire video game series named after her despite not having starred as the protagonist in any of its entries" and also said that despite being his best ally, she is "often overshadowed by "Legend of Zelda" protagonist and sometimes-partner Link".


title: Princess Zelda

text: Brendan Main for "The Escapist" magazine noted that Zelda's alter-ego of Sheik in "Ocarina of Time" broke the conventions of the character's role. He opined that "Sheik is everything Zelda is not – in fact, she's everything that Zelda cannot be. As far as princesses go, Zelda gets off better than most. She brings a certain stately grace to the role, and is a figure of wisdom and insight. Operating in a trinity that includes the villain, Ganon, symbolic of power, and the hero, Link, symbolic of courage, Zelda serves as seer and spiritual conduit. But though she is elegant and refined, it is exactly these traits that keep her off of the field of play. As an oracle, she may offer advice and comfort, but she’s still a captive to forces beyond her control".


title: Princess Zelda

text: Ashley Taylor Clark for "Looper" responded positively to Zelda's appearance in "Breath of the Wild", describing her as "an intelligent, passionate young woman" and commenting that "her burgeoning friendship with Link shows a vulnerability that fans don't often see in a line of level-headed princesses. Instead, this Zelda struggles to fulfill her destiny and worries that her failure will mean destruction for the people she cherishes. Fully-voiced cutscenes also bring her character to life in a more relatable and human way than ever before".


title: Princess Zelda

text: Jason Guisao writing for "Game Informer" noted that even though the entire series is named after the character, she had been sidelined in "Breath of the Wild", and stated that "Zelda's time to shine is long overdue". He opined that "Zelda should be leading the charge towards a new era where long-awaited features like fully integrated co-op – e.g., the two protagonists embarking on a harrowing, 100-hour quest together – could exist". Jacob Kastrenakes for "The Verge" opined that switching Link's and Zelda's roles could be possible without requiring Link to be absent. However, in an interview with "GameSpot", producer Eiji Aonuma confirmed that this idea had been considered but rejected for "Breath of the Wild" because, "if we have Princess Zelda as the main character who fights, then what is Link going to do?" Miyamoto also commented on this at E3 2016: "Some people might wonder, you know, because the title is Zelda – it's a female character – why isn't the protagonist a female character? But really, to me, "The Legend of Zelda", the main series, Link is the protagonist".


title: Princess Zelda

text: Sara Gitkos of "iMore" opined, "we think it's about time that Zelda had a chance to show why she deserves a game of her own" and commented, "Zelda is a scholar, a leader, and a fierce princess who takes charge of her own destiny. She is clearly a character that has a lot to offer, and it might bring a fresh look to the series to give her a shot as the main protagonist. She has proven that she can handle the likes of Ganon, and if Link can have a solo adventure without her, why can't she?"


title: Princess Zelda

text: Due to her popularity with gamers, Zelda's image has been recreated in various works of fan art. She has also been recreated in the form of cosplay. As the titular character, her image is widely used across various merchandise, including promotional artwork, figurines and Amiibo. Actor and comedian Robin Williams named his daughter Zelda Williams after Princess Zelda, due to being a fan of "The Legend of Zelda" series.


title: Princess Zelda

text: Critics and gamers consider Zelda to be a significant video game character in popular culture. In 2009, she was voted the third greatest female character in games on Nintendo systems by the "Official Nintendo Magazine", which appreciated her as "a strong woman who, with her sword and bow and arrow, is capable of holding her own in a fight". "Complex" ranked her as the fifth greatest heroine in video game history in 2013 and ranked her at number five on its 2013 list of "old school" video game characters "who were style icons". In 2016, Digital Spy ranked the character in sixth place on a list of the "Most iconic female game characters of all time". In 2018, readers of "Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition" voted Princess Zelda as the 31st-top video game character of all time.


title: 1991–92 European Cup

text: The 1991–92 European Cup was the 37th season of the European Cup football club tournament. It was the first European Cup to have a group stage, from which the winning clubs progressed to the final. 1991–92 was the tournament's last edition before it was re-branded as the UEFA Champions League.


title: 1991–92 European Cup

text: The group stage involved the eight winning clubs from round 2. The clubs were split into two groups of four, playing each other home and away, and the winning club from each group met in the 1992 European Cup Final.


title: 1991–92 European Cup

text: The competition was won for the first time by Barcelona after extra time in the final against Sampdoria, the first victory in the tournament by a team from Spain since 1966. The winning goal was scored by Ronald Koeman with a free kick.


title: 1991–92 European Cup

text: The defending champions, Red Star Belgrade, did not have an opportunity to play at their own ground because of the Yugoslav Wars, thereby reducing their chances of defending their title. Red Star were eliminated in the group stage. It was also the final season in which the clubs from that country were able to participate in the primary European football competition. The clubs from some other former Yugoslav republics were allowed to compete as early as in the 1993–94 season, but due to UN embargo it was only in 1997–98 when the clubs from Federal Republic of Yugoslavia returned to what was now the UEFA Champions League.


title: 1991–92 European Cup

text: English clubs returned to the European Cup, after their five-year ban from European competitions following the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985. The 1990 Football League champions Liverpool had been unable to participate in the 1990–91 European Cup because they had been banned for an additional sixth year. Arsenal represented England in 1991–92, and reached the second round.


title: Christadelphians

text: The Christadelphians () or Christadelphianism are a restorationist and millenarian Christian group who hold a view of biblical unitarianism. There are approximately 50,000 Christadelphians in around 120 countries. The movement developed in the United Kingdom and North America in the 19th century around the teachings of John Thomas, who coined the name "Christadelphian" from the Greek words for Christ ("Christos") and brothers ("adelphoi").


title: Christadelphians

text: Basing their beliefs solely on the Bible, Christadelphians differ from mainstream Christianity in a number of doctrinal areas. For example, they reject the Trinity and the immortality of the soul, believing these to be corruptions of original Christian teaching. They were initially found predominantly in the developed English-speaking world, but expanded in developing countries after the Second World War. Congregations are traditionally referred to as "ecclesias".


title: Christadelphians

text: Christadelphianism traces its origins to John Thomas (1805–1871), who emigrated from England to North America in 1832. Following a near shipwreck he vowed to find out the truth about life and God through personal Biblical study. Initially he sought to avoid the kind of sectarianism he had seen in England. In this he found sympathy with the rapidly emerging Restoration Movement in the United States at the time. This movement sought a reform based upon the Bible alone as a sufficient guide and rejected all creeds. However, this liberality eventually led to dissent as John Thomas developed his personal beliefs and began to question mainstream orthodox Christian beliefs. While the Restoration Movement accepted Thomas's right to have his own beliefs, when he started preaching that they were essential to salvation, it led to a fierce series of debates with a notable leader of the movement, Alexander Campbell. John Thomas believed that scripture, as God's word, did not support a multiplicity of differing beliefs, and challenged the leaders to continue with the process of restoring 1st-century Christian beliefs and correct interpretation through a process of debate. The history of this process appears in the book "Dr. Thomas, His Life and Work" (1873) by a Christadelphian, Robert Roberts.


title: Christadelphians

text: During this period of formulating his ideas John Thomas was baptised twice, the second time after renouncing the beliefs he previously held. He based his new position on a new appreciation for the reign of Christ on David's throne. The abjuration of his former beliefs eventually led to the Restoration Movement disfellowshipping him when he toured England and they became aware of his abjuration in the United States of America.


title: Christadelphians

text: The Christadelphian community in the United Kingdom effectively dates from Thomas's first lecturing tour (May 1848 – October 1850). His message was particularly welcomed in Scotland, and Campbellite, Unitarian and Adventist friends separated to form groups of "Baptised Believers". Two thirds of ecclesias, and members, in Britain before 1864 were in Scotland. In 1849, during his tour of Britain, he completed (a decade and a half before the name "Christadelphian" was conceived) "Elpis Israel" in which he laid out his understanding of the main doctrines of the Bible. Since his medium for bringing change was print and debate, it was natural for the origins of the Christadelphian body to be associated with books and journals, such as Thomas's "Herald of the Kingdom".


title: Christadelphians

text: In his desire to seek to establish Biblical truth and test orthodox Christian beliefs through independent scriptural study he was not alone. Among other churches, he had links with the Adventist movement and with Benjamin Wilson (who later set up the Church of God of the Abrahamic Faith in the 1860s). In terms of his rejection of the trinity, Thomas's views had certain similarities with Unitarianism which had developed in a formal way in Europe in the 16th century (although he formally described both Unitarianism and Socinianism as "works of the devil" for their failure to develop his doctrine of God-manifestation).


title: Christadelphians

text: Although the Christadelphian movement originated through the activities of John Thomas, he never saw himself as making his own disciples. He believed rather that he had rediscovered 1st century beliefs from the Bible alone, and sought to prove that through a process of challenge and debate and writing journals. Through that process a number of people became convinced and set up various fellowships that had sympathy with that position. Groups associated with John Thomas met under various names, including Believers, Baptised Believers, the Royal Association of Believers, Baptised Believers in the Kingdom of God, Nazarines (or Nazarenes), and The Antipas until the time of the American Civil War (1861–1865). At that time, church affiliation was required in the United States and in the Confederate States of America in order to register for conscientious objector status, and in 1864 Thomas chose for registration purposes the name "Christadelphian".


title: Christadelphians

text: Through the teaching of John Thomas and the need in the American Civil War for a name, the Christadelphians emerged as a denomination, but they were formed into a lasting structure through a passionate follower of Thomas's interpretation of the Bible, Robert Roberts. In 1864, he began to publish "The Ambassador of the Coming Age" magazine. John Thomas, out of concern that someone else might start a publication and call it "The Christadelphian", urged Robert Roberts to change the name of his magazine to "The Christadelphian", which he did in 1869. His editorship of the magazine continued with some assistance until his death in 1898. In church matters, Roberts was prominent in the period following the death of John Thomas in 1871, and helped craft the structures of the Christadelphian body.


title: Christadelphians

text: Initially, the denomination grew in the English-speaking world, particularly in the English Midlands and in parts of North America. In the early days after the death of John Thomas, the group could have moved in a number of directions. Doctrinal issues arose, debates took place, and statements of faith were created and amended as other issues arose. These attempts were felt necessary by many to both settle and define a doctrinal stance for the newly emerging denomination and to keep out error. As a result of these debates, several groups separated from the main body of Christadelphians, most notably the Suffolk Street fellowship (with members believing that the whole of the Bible wasn't inspired) and the Unamended fellowship.


title: Christadelphians

text: The Christadelphian position on conscientious objection came to the fore with the introduction of conscription during the First World War. Varying degrees of exemption from military service were granted to Christadelphians in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. In the Second World War, this frequently required the person seeking exemption to undertake civilian work under the direction of the authorities.


title: Christadelphians

text: During the Second World War, the Christadelphians in Britain assisted in the Kindertransport, helping to relocate several hundred Jewish children away from Nazi persecution by founding a hostel, Elpis Lodge, for that purpose. In Germany, the small Christadelphian community founded by Albert Maier went underground from 1940 to 1945, and a leading brother, Albert Merz, was imprisoned as a conscientious objector and later executed.


title: Christadelphians

text: After the Second World War, moves were taken to try to reunite various of the earlier divisions. By the end of the 1950s, most Christadelphians had united into one community, but there are still a number of small groups of Christadelphians who remain separate.


title: Christadelphians

text: The post-war and post-reunions periods saw an increase in co-operation and interaction between ecclesias, resulting in the establishment of a number of week-long Bible schools and the formation of national and international organisations such as the Christadelphian Bible Mission (for preaching and pastoral support overseas), the Christadelphian Support Network (for counselling), and the Christadelphian Meal-A-Day Fund (for charity and humanitarian work).


title: Christadelphians

text: The period following the reunions was accompanied by expansion in the developing world, which now accounts for around 40% of Christadelphians.


title: Christadelphians

text: Due to the way the Christadelphian body is organised there is no central authority to establish and maintain a standardised set of beliefs and it depends upon what statement of faith is adhered to and how liberal the ecclesia is, but there are core doctrines most Christadelphians would accept. In the formal statements of faith a more complete list is found; for instance the Birmingham Amended Statement of Faith has 30 doctrines to be accepted and 35 to be rejected.


title: Christadelphians

text: Christadelphians state that their beliefs are based wholly on the Bible, and they do not see other works as inspired by God. They regard the Bible as inspired by God and, therefore, believe that in its original form, it is error-free apart from errors in later copies due to errors of transcription or translation. Based on this, Christadelphians teach what they believe as true Bible teaching.


title: Christadelphians

text: Christadelphians believe that God, Jehovah, is the creator of all things and the father of true believers, that he is a separate being from his son, Jesus (who is subordinate to him), and that the Holy Spirit is the power of God used in creation and for salvation. They also believe that the phrase "Holy Spirit" sometimes refers to God's character/mind, depending on the context in which the phrase appears, but reject the view that people need strength, guidance and power from the Holy Spirit to live the Christian life, believing instead that the spirit a believer needs within themselves is the mind/character of God, which is developed in a believer by their reading of the Bible (which, they believe, contains words God gave by his Spirit) and trying to live by what it says during the events of their lives which God uses to help shape their character.


title: Christadelphians

text: Christadelphians believe that Jesus is the promised Jewish Messiah, in whom the prophecies and promises of the Old Testament find their fulfilment. They believe he is the Son of Man, in that he inherited human nature (with its inclination to sin) from his mother, and the Son of God by virtue of his miraculous conception by the power of God. Christadelphians also reject the doctrine of Christ's pre-existence. They teach that he was part of God's plans from the beginning and was foreshadowed in the Old Testament, but was no independent creature prior to his earthly birth. Although he was tempted, Jesus committed no sin, and was therefore a perfect representative sacrifice to bring salvation to sinful humankind. They believe that God raised Jesus from death and gave him immortality, and he ascended to Heaven, God's dwelling place. Christadelphians believe that he will return to the Earth in person to set up the Kingdom of God in fulfilment of the promises made to Abraham and David. This includes the belief that the coming Kingdom will be the restoration of God's first Kingdom of Israel, which was under David and Solomon. For Christadelphians, this is the focal point of the gospel taught by Jesus and the apostles.


title: Christadelphians

text: Christadelphians believe that the Satan or Devil is not an independent spiritual being or fallen angel. "Devil" is viewed as the general principle of evil and inclination to sin which resides in humankind. They believe that, dependent on the context, the term "HaSatan" in Hebrew merely means "opponent" or "adversary" and is frequently applied to human beings. Accordingly, they do not define Hell as a place of eternal torment for sinners, but as a State of Eternal Death; respectively, non-existence due to annihilation of body and mind.


title: Christadelphians

text: Christadelphians believe that people are separated from God because of their sins but that humankind can be reconciled to him by becoming disciples of Jesus Christ. This is by belief in the gospel, through repentance, and through baptism by total immersion in water. They reject assurance of salvation, believing instead that salvation comes as a result of remaining "in Christ". After death, believers are in a state of non-existence, knowing nothing until the Resurrection at the return of Christ. Following the judgement at that time, the accepted receive the gift of immortality, and live with Christ on a restored Earth, assisting him to establish the Kingdom of God and to rule over the mortal population for a thousand years (the Millennium). Christadelphians believe that the Kingdom will be centred upon Israel, but Jesus Christ will also reign over all the other nations on the Earth. Some unorthodox Christadelphians believe that the Kingdom itself is not worldwide but limited to the land of Israel promised to Abraham and ruled over in the past by David, with a worldwide empire.


title: Christadelphians

text: The "Commandments of Christ" demonstrates the community's recognition of the importance of biblical teaching on morality. Marriage and family life are important. Christadelphians believe that sexual relationships should be limited to heterosexual marriage, ideally between baptised believers.


title: Christadelphians

text: In the absence of centralised organisation, some differences exist amongst Christadelphians on matters of belief and practice. This is because each congregation (commonly styled 'ecclesias') is organised autonomously, typically following common practices which have altered little since the 19th century. Many avoid the word "church" due to its association with mainstream Christianity, and its focus on the building as opposed to the congregation. Most ecclesias have a constitution, which includes a 'Statement of Faith', a list of 'Doctrines to be Rejected' and a formalised list of 'The Commandments of Christ'. With no central authority, individual congregations are responsible for maintaining orthodoxy in belief and practice, and the statement of faith is seen by many as useful to this end. The statement of faith acts as the official standard of most ecclesias to determine fellowship within and between ecclesias, and as the basis for co-operation between ecclesias. Congregational discipline and conflict resolution are applied using various forms of consultation, mediation, and discussion, with disfellowship (similar to excommunication) being the final response to those with unorthodox practices or beliefs.


title: Christadelphians

text: The relative uniformity of organisation and practice is undoubtedly due to the influence of a booklet, written early in Christadelphian history by Robert Roberts, called "A Guide to the Formation and Conduct of Christadelphian Ecclesias". It recommends a basically democratic arrangement by which congregational members elect 'brothers' to arranging and serving duties, and includes guidelines for the organisation of committees, as well as conflict resolution between congregational members and between congregations. Christadelphians do not have paid ministers. Male members (and increasingly female in some places) are assessed by the congregation for their eligibility to teach and perform other duties, which are usually assigned on a rotation basis, as opposed to having a permanently appointed preacher. Congregational governance typically follows a democratic model, with an elected arranging committee for each individual ecclesia. This unpaid committee is responsible for the day-to-day running of the ecclesia and is answerable to the rest of the ecclesia's members.


title: Christadelphians

text: Inter-ecclesial organisations co-ordinate the running of, among other things, Christadelphian schools and elderly care homes, the Christadelphian Isolation League (which cares for those prevented by distance or infirmity from attending an ecclesia regularly) and the publication of .


title: Christadelphians

text: No official membership figures are published, but the "Columbia Encyclopaedia" gives an estimated figure of 50,000 Christadelphians, spread across approximately 120 countries. Estimates for the main centers of Christadelphian population are as follows: Mozambique (10,000), Australia (9,734), the United Kingdom (8,200), Malawi (7,000), United States (6,500), Canada (3,000), Kenya (2,700), New Zealand (1,785), and India (1,790). Figures from Christadelphian mission organisations are as follows: Africa (24,100), Asia (4,000), the Caribbean (400), Europe (including Russia) (700), Latin America (275), and the Pacific (200).


title: Christadelphians

text: The Christadelphian body consists of a number of "fellowships" – groups of ecclesias which associate with one another, often to the exclusion of ecclesias outside their group. They are to some degree localised. The Unamended Fellowship, for example, exists only in North America. Christadelphian fellowships have often been named after ecclesias or magazines who took a lead in developing a particular stance.


title: Christadelphians

text: The majority of Christadelphians today belong to what is commonly known as the "Central Fellowship". The term "Central" came into use around 1933 to identify ecclesias worldwide who were in fellowship with the Birmingham (Central) Ecclesia. These were previously known as the "Temperance Hall Fellowship". The "Suffolk Street Fellowship" arose in 1885 over disagreements surrounding the inspiration of the Bible. Meanwhile, in Australia, division concerning the nature of Jesus Christ resulted in the formation of the "Shield Fellowship". Discussions in 1957–1958 resulted in a worldwide reunion between the majority Christadelphians of the "Temperance Hall Fellowship" and the minority "Suffolk Street Fellowship", closely followed in Australia by the minority "Shield Fellowship".


title: Christadelphians

text: The "Unamended Fellowship", consisting of around 1,850 members, is found in the East Coast and Midwest USA and Ontario, Canada. This group separated in 1898 as a result of differing views on who would be raised to judgement at the return of Christ. The majority of Christadelphians believe that the judgement will include anyone who had sufficient knowledge of the gospel message, and is not limited to baptised believers. The majority in England, Australia and North America amended their statement of faith accordingly. Those who opposed the amendment became known as the "Unamended Fellowship" and allowed the teaching that God either could not or would not raise those who had no covenant relationship with him. Opinions vary as to what the established position was on this subject prior to the controversy. Prominent in the formation of the Unamended Fellowship was Thomas Williams, editor of the Christadelphian Advocate magazine. The majority of the Unamended Fellowship outside North America joined the Suffolk Street fellowship before its eventual incorporation into Central fellowship. There is also some co-operation between the Central (Amended) and Unamended Fellowships in North America – most recently in the Great Lakes region, where numerous Amended and Unamended ecclesias are working together to unify their ecclesias. The "Central Fellowship" in North America is still often referred to today as the "Amended Fellowship".


title: Christadelphians

text: The "Berean Fellowship" was formed in 1923 as a result of varying views on military service in England, and on the atonement in North America. The majority of the North American Bereans re-joined the main body of Christadelphians in 1952. A number continue as a separate community, numbering around 200 in Texas, 100 in Kenya and 30 in Wales. Most of the divisions still in existence within the Christadelphian community today stem from further divisions of the "Berean" "Fellowship".


title: Christadelphians

text: The "Dawn Fellowship" are the result of an issue which arose in 1942 among the Berean Fellowship regarding divorce and remarriage. The stricter party formed the Dawn Fellowship who, following re-union on the basis of unity of belief with the Lightstand Fellowship in Australia in 2007 increased in number. There are now thought to be around 800 members in England, Australia, Canada, India, Jamaica, Poland, the Philippines, Russia and Kenya.


title: Christadelphians

text: The "Old Paths Fellowship" was formed in 1957 in response to the reunion of the Temperance Hall (Central) and Suffolk Street fellowships. A minority from the Temperance Hall (Central) fellowship held that the reasons for separation remained and that full unity of belief on all fundamental principles of Bible teaching was necessary; thus reunion was only possible with the full agreement and understanding of all members rather than a decision by majority vote. Ecclesias forming the Old Paths Fellowship arose in England, Australia, New Zealand and Canada numbering around 500 members in total. They now number around 250 members in total. They maintain that they hold to the original Central Fellowship position held prior to the 1957 Reunion.


title: Christadelphians

text: Other fellowships (ranging in numbers from as few as 10 to over 200 members) include the "Watchman Fellowship", the "Companion Fellowship" and the "Pioneer Fellowship".


title: Christadelphians

text: According to Bryan Wilson, functionally the definition of a "fellowship" within Christadelphian history has been mutual or unilateral exclusion of groupings of ecclesias from the breaking of bread. This functional definition still holds true in North America, where the Unamended Fellowship and the Church of God of the Abrahamic Faith are not received by most North American Amended ecclesias. But outside North America this functional definition no longer holds. Many articles and books on the doctrine and practice of fellowship now reject the notion itself of separate "fellowships" among those who recognise the same baptism, viewing such separations as schismatic. Many ecclesias in the Central fellowship would not refuse a baptised Christadelphian from a minority fellowship from breaking bread; the exclusion is more usually the other way.


title: Christadelphians

text: They tend to operate organisationally fairly similarly, although there are different emphases. Despite their differences, the Central, Old Paths, Dawn and Berean fellowships generally subscribe to the "Birmingham Amended Statement of Faith" (BASF), though the latter two have additional clauses or supporting documents to explain their position. Most Unamended ecclesias use the "Birmingham Unamended Statement of Faith" (BUSF) with one clause being different. Within the Central fellowship individual ecclesias also may have their own statement of faith, whilst still accepting the statement of faith of the larger community. Some ecclesias have statements around their positions, especially on divorce and re-marriage, making clear that offence would be caused by anyone in that position seeking to join them at the 'Breaking of Bread' service. Others tolerate a degree of divergence from commonly held Christadelphian views. While some communities of Christadelphian origin have viewed previous statements of faith as set in stone, others have felt it necessary to revise them in order to meet contemporary issues, update language or add supporting Biblical quotations.


title: Christadelphians

text: For each fellowship, anyone who publicly assents to the doctrines described in the statement and is in good standing in their "home ecclesia" is generally welcome to participate in the activities of any other ecclesia.


title: Christadelphians

text: There are a number of groups who, while sharing a common heritage and many Christadelphian teachings, have adopted alternative names in order to dissociate themselves from what they believe to be false teachings and/or practice within the main Christadelphian body. Ranging in size from two or three members in size to around 50, each group restricts fellowship to its own members. These include the Nazarene Fellowship, the Ecclesia of Christ, the Remnant of Christ's Ecclesia, the Apostolic Fellowship of Christ and the Apostolic Ecclesia.


title: Christadelphians

text: The Church of God of the Abrahamic Faith (CGAF) also has common origins with Christadelphians and shares Christadelphian beliefs. Numbering around 400 (primarily Ohio and Florida, USA), they are welcomed into fellowship by some "Central" Christadelphians and are currently involved in unity talks.


title: Christadelphians

text: Christadelphians reject a number of doctrines held by many other Christians, notably the immortality of the soul (see also mortalism; conditionalism), trinitarianism, the personal pre-existence of Christ, the baptism of infants, the personhood of the Holy Spirit, the divinity of Jesus and the present-day possession of the Holy Spirit (both "gift of" and "gifts of") (see cessationism). They believe that the word "devil" is a reference in the scriptures to sin and human nature in opposition to God, while the word "satan" is merely a reference to an adversary (be it good or bad). According to Christadelphians, these terms are used in reference to specific political systems or individuals in opposition or conflict. "Hell" (Hebrew: "Sheol", "Gehenna"; Greek: "Hades", "Tartarus") is understood to refer exclusively to death and the grave, rather than being a place of everlasting torment (see also annihilationism). Christadelphians do not believe that anyone will "go to Heaven" upon death. Instead, they believe that only Jesus Christ went to Heaven, and when he comes back to the Earth there will be a resurrection and God's Kingdom will be established on Earth, starting in the land of Israel. Christadelphians believe the doctrines they reject were introduced into Christendom after the 1st century in large part through exposure to pagan Greek philosophy, and cannot be substantiated from the Biblical texts.


title: Christadelphians

text: One criticism of the Christadelphian movement has been over the claim of John Thomas and Robert Roberts to have "re-discovered" scriptural truth. However one might argue that "all" Protestant groups make the same claims to some extent. Although both men believed that they had "recovered" the true doctrines for themselves and contemporaries, they also believed there had always existed a group of true believers throughout the ages, albeit marred by the apostasy.


title: Christadelphians

text: The most notable Christadelphian attempts to find a continuity of those with doctrinal similarities since that point have been geographer Alan Eyre's two books "The Protesters" (1975) and "Brethren in Christ" (1982) in which he shows that many individual Christadelphian doctrines had been previously believed. Eyre focused in particular on the Radical Reformation, and also among the Socinians and other early Unitarians and the English Dissenters. In this way, Eyre was able to demonstrate substantial historical precedents for individual Christadelphian teachings and practices, and believed that the Christadelphian community was the 'inheritor of a noble tradition, by which elements of the Truth were from century to century hammered out on the anvil of controversy, affliction and even anguish'. Although noting in the introduction to 'The Protestors' that 'Some recorded herein perhaps did not have "all the truth" — so the writer has been reminded', Eyre nevertheless claimed that the purpose of the work was to 'tell how a number of little-known individuals, groups and religious communities strove to preserve or revive the original Christianity of apostolic times', and that 'In faith and outlook they were far closer to the early springing shoots of first-century Christianity and the penetrating spiritual challenge of Jesus himself than much that has passed for the religion of the Nazarene in the last nineteen centuries'.


title: Christadelphians

text: Eyre's research has been criticized by some of his Christadelphian peers, and as a result Christadelphian commentary on the subject has subsequently been more cautious and circumspect, with caveats being issued concerning Eyre's claims, and the two books less used and publicised than in previous years.


title: Christadelphians

text: Nevertheless, even with most source writings of those later considered heretics destroyed, evidence can be provided that since the first century BC there have been various groups and individuals who have held certain individual Christadelphian beliefs or similar ones. For example, all the distinctive Christadelphian doctrines (with the exception of the non-literal devil), down to interpretations of specific verses, can be found particularly among sixteenth century Socinian writers (e.g. the rejection of the doctrines of the trinity, pre-existence of Christ, immortal souls, a literal hell of fire, original sin). Early English Unitarian writings also correspond closely to those of Christadelphians. Also, recent discoveries and research have shown a large similarity between Christadelphian beliefs and those held by Isaac Newton who, among other things, rejected the doctrines of the trinity, immortal souls, a personal devil and literal demons. Further examples are as follows:


title: Christadelphians

text: Organised worship in England for those whose beliefs anticipated those of Christadelphians only truly became possible in 1779 when the Act of Toleration 1689 was amended to permit denial of the Trinity, and only fully when property penalties were removed in the Doctrine of the Trinity Act 1813. This is only 35 years before John Thomas' 1849 lecture tour in Britain which attracted significant support from an existing non-Trinitarian Adventist base, particularly, initially, in Scotland where Arian, Socinian, and unitarian (with a small 'u' as distinct from the Unitarian Church of Theophilus Lindsey) views were prevalent.


title: Christadelphians

text: Christadelphians are organised into local congregations, that commonly call themselves "ecclesias", which is taken from usage in the New Testament and is Greek for "gathering of those summoned". Congregational worship, which usually takes place on Sunday, centres on the remembrance of the death and celebration of the resurrection of Jesus Christ by the taking part in the "memorial service". Additional meetings are often organised for worship, prayer, preaching and Bible study.


title: Christadelphians

text: Ecclesias are typically involved in preaching the gospel (evangelism) in the form of public lectures on Bible teaching, college-style seminars on reading the Bible, and Bible Reading Groups. Correspondence courses are also used widely, particularly in areas where there is no established Christadelphian presence. Some ecclesias, organisations or individuals also preach through other media like video, Christadelphianvideo.org has the largest collection of video material - working in collaboration with central ecclesias from all over the world. and internet forums. There are also a number of Bible Education/Learning Centres around the world.


title: Christadelphians

text: Only baptised (by complete immersion in water) believers are considered members of the ecclesia. Ordinarily, baptism follows someone making a "good confession" (cf. 1 Tim. 6:12) of their faith before two or three nominated elders of the ecclesia they are seeking to join. The good confession has to demonstrate a basic understanding of the main elements – "first principles" – of the faith of the community. The children of members are encouraged to attend Christadelphian Sunday schools and youth groups. Interaction between youth from different ecclesias is encouraged through regional and national youth gatherings, conferences and camping holidays.


title: Christadelphians

text: Christadelphians understand the Bible to teach that male and female believers are equal in God's sight, and also that there is a distinction between the roles of male and female members. Women are typically not eligible to teach in formal gatherings of the ecclesia when male believers are present, are expected to cover their heads (using hat or scarf, etc.) during formal services, and do not sit on the main ecclesial arranging (organising) committees. They do, however: participate in other ecclesial and inter-ecclesial committees; participate in discussions; teach children in Sunday schools as well as at home, teach other women and non-members; perform music; discuss and vote on business matters; and engage in the majority of other activities. Generally, at formal ecclesial and inter-ecclesial meetings the women wear head coverings when there are acts of worship and prayer.


title: Christadelphians

text: There are ecclesially accountable committees for co-ordinated preaching, youth and Sunday school work, conscientious objection issues, care of the elderly, and humanitarian work. These do not have any legislative authority, and are wholly dependent upon ecclesial support. Ecclesias in an area may regularly hold joint activities combining youth groups, fellowship, preaching, and Bible study.


title: Christadelphians

text: Christadelphians refuse to participate in any military (and police forces) because they are conscientious objectors (not to be confused with pacifists).


title: Christadelphians

text: Most Christadelphians do not vote in political elections, as they take direction from Romans 13:1–4, which they interpret as meaning that God puts into power those leaders He deems worthy. To vote for a candidate that does not win an election would be considered to vote against God's will. To avoid risk of such conflict, most Christadelphians abstain from voting.


title: Christadelphians

text: There is a strong emphasis on personal Bible reading and study and many Christadelphians use the Bible Companion to help them systematically read the Bible each year.


title: Christadelphians

text: Christadelphian hymnody makes considerable use of the hymns of the Anglican and English Protestant traditions (even in US ecclesias the hymnody is typically more English than American). In many Christadelphian hymn books a sizeable proportion of hymns are drawn from the Scottish Psalter and non-Christadelphian hymn-writers including Isaac Watts, Charles Wesley, William Cowper and John Newton. Despite incorporating non-Christadelphian hymns however, Christadelphian hymnody preserves the essential teachings of the community.


title: Christadelphians

text: The earliest hymn book published was the "Sacred Melodist" which was published by Benjamin Wilson in Geneva, Illinois in 1860. The next was the hymn book published for the use of "Baptised Believers in the Kingdom of God" (an early name for Christadelphians) by George Dowie in Edinburgh in 1864. In 1865 Robert Roberts published a collection of Scottish psalms and hymns called "The Golden Harp" (which was subtitled "Psalms, Hymns, and Spiritual Songs, compiled for the use of Immersed Believers in 'The Things concerning the Kingdom of God and the Name of Jesus Christ'"). This was replaced only five years later by the first "Christadelphian Hymn Book" (1869), compiled by J. J. and A. Andrew, and this was revised and expanded in 1874, 1932 and 1964. A thorough revision by the Christadelphian Magazine and Publishing Association resulted in the latest (2002) edition which is almost universally used by English-speaking Christadelphian ecclesias. In addition some Christadelphian fellowships have published their own hymn books.


title: Christadelphians

text: Some ecclesias use the "Praise the Lord" songbook. It was produced with the aim of making contemporary songs which are consistent with Christadelphian theology more widely available. Another publication, the "Worship" book is a compilation of songs and hymns that have been composed only by members of the Christadelphian community. This book was produced with the aim of providing extra music for non-congregational music items within services (e.g. voluntaries, meditations, et cetera) but has been adopted by congregations worldwide and is now used to supplement congregational repertoire.


title: Christadelphians

text: In the English-speaking world, worship is typically accompanied by organ or piano, though in recent years a few ecclesias have promoted the use of other instruments (e.g. strings, wind and brass as mentioned in the Psalms). This trend has also seen the emergence of some Christadelphian bands and the establishment of the Christadelphian Art Trust to support performing, visual and dramatic arts within the Christadelphian community.


title: Christadelphians

text: In other countries, hymn books have been produced in local languages, sometimes resulting in styles of worship which reflect the local culture. It has been noted that Christadelphian hymnody has historically been a consistent witness to Christadelphian beliefs, and that hymnody occupies a significant role in the community.


title: Kirk Douglas filmography

text: The following is the filmography of American film and stage actor, film producer and author Kirk Douglas (1916–2020). His popular films include "Out of the Past" (1947), "Champion" (1949), "Ace in the Hole" (1951), "The Bad and the Beautiful" (1952), "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea" (1954), "Lust for Life" (1956), "Paths of Glory" (1957), "Gunfight at the O.K. Corral" (1957), "The Vikings" (1958), "Spartacus" (1960), "Lonely Are the Brave" (1962), "Seven Days in May" (1964), "The Heroes of Telemark" (1965), "Saturn 3" (1980) and "Tough Guys" (1986).


title: Kirk Douglas filmography

text: He is No. 17 on the American Film Institute's list of the greatest male screen legends in American film history. In 1996, he received the Academy Honorary Award "for 50 years as a creative and moral force in the motion picture community".


title: The Quiet

text: The Quiet is a 2005 American psychological thriller film directed by Jamie Babbit and starring Elisha Cuthbert, Camilla Belle, Martin Donovan, and Edie Falco. It focuses on a deaf teenage orphan who is sent to live with her godparents. She soon becomes a sounding board for the family members, who confess their darkest secrets to her, including the incestous relationship between her godfather and his teenage daughter.


title: The Quiet

text: The second feature film by Babbit after the 1999 comedy "But I'm a Cheerleader", "The Quiet" was shot in Austin, Texas in 2004, the first film by the University of Texas's Burnt Orange production company. Cuthbert served as an associate producer of the film. Its soundtrack features songs by Low, Cat Power, Le Tigre, and numerous Beethoven piano sonatas. The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival before being acquired by Destination Films, who released it in the United States theatrically through Sony Pictures Classics in August 2005.


title: The Quiet

text: The film was commercially unsuccessfull but found success in DVD sales. Many critics at the time of its release dismissed it as sleazy, exploitative, and difficult to watch, with several noting that it was too serious to be satire, yet too campy to be taken seriously.


title: The Quiet

text: Following the accidental death of her deaf father, Dot, an orphaned teenager who is also deaf-mute, is sent to live in Connecticut with her godparents, Paul and Olivia Deer, and their teenaged daughter, Nina. Dot and Nina had been friends in childhood, before Dot lost her hearing as a result of a medical condition. The aloof Nina resents Dot's presence in the home and insults her repeatedly. Meanwhile, Dot observes that Olivia, an unfulfilled interior designer who was close friends with Dot's mother, is an alcoholic with a prescription drug addiction. Late one night, while returning to her bedroom, Dot observes Paul and Nina having sex in Nina's bedroom, unbeknownst to them. It becomes clear that Nina and Paul have had a years-long incestuous relationship, which Nina uses as leverage against her father to get whatever she wants.


title: The Quiet

text: At school, Dot is a social outcast, though Connor, a basketball player, takes an interest in her, much to the chagrin of Nina's abrasive friend, Michelle, who is pursuing him. One afternoon, Nina returns home early from cheerleading practice and overhears Dot playing Beethoven on the family's piano. When one of the strings breaks, Nina hears Dot swear loudly, before vocally harmonizing with the strings as she tunes them. Realizing Dot is neither deaf nor mute, Nina withholds her knowledge of this. At lunch the next day, acting under the guise that Dot cannot hear, Nina assays her by confessing her hatred of her father, and details her plan to murder him.


title: The Quiet

text: That evening, Dot goes on a date with Connor, who is able to communicate with her by lip reading. Dot returns home to find Paul and Nina in bed together, and deliberately breaks a vase in the hallway, interrupting their rendezvous; Nina realizes the action signifies Dot's alliance with her. Later, Dot comforts Nina in her bedroom as she cries herself to sleep. The following night, after a basketball game, Connor confides numerous personal secrets to Dot, including his attention deficit disorder and his chronic masturbation. The two proceed to have sex in the school swimming pool. Meanwhile, Nina returns home from the game and is visited by Paul in her bedroom while she irons her cheerleading uniform. Mustering the courage to proceed with the murder, Nina tells him to close his eyes, and that she has a secret to show him; she proceeds to approach him with the hot iron to burn his face, but is interrupted when Dot returns home. Nina puts the iron down, and instead lies to her father that she is pregnant and needs a thousand dollars for an abortion. He agrees to give Nina the money the next day.


title: The Quiet

text: Nina and Dot prepare to attend the school's spring dance the following night. While getting ready, Nina tells Dot she is going to kill Paul that night and run away with the abortion money he is giving her. She explains that she will find work as a stripper, believing she can become famous "like Courtney Love." Before the girls depart for the dance, Paul confronts Nina after finding tampons in her purse, and accuses her of lying about the pregnancy. Meanwhile, Dot, who is playing "Moonlight Sonata" downstairs, hears the argument. The confrontation becomes violent, and eventually descends into a rape before Dot comes to Nina's defense, strangling Paul to death with a piano wire. Olivia, in a drug-induced stupor, stumbles upon the scene, unfazed by her husband's corpse, but amazed by the revelation that Dot can hear.


title: The Quiet

text: Michelle arrives at the house to pick Nina and Dot up. The two quickly change their dresses, which are soaked in blood, and leave. At the dance, Dot reveals to Connor that she can hear and speak; angered by her deception, he storms away. Nina and Dot leave the dance, and walk to a riverbank in the woods, where they bury a backpack containing their blood-soaked clothing. Nina asks Dot why she pretended to be deaf-mute. Dot explains that, after her mother died during her childhood, she stopped speaking and began communicating only with sign language, as it made her feel closer to her father. When the girls return home, they find police cars at the house, and Olivia turning herself in for Paul's murder. Olivia apologizes to her daughter, and atones for having allowed Paul's sexual abuse of Nina go ignored. The following morning, Nina and Dot sit together and play piano, freed from their respective fathers.


title: The Quiet

text: Upon its original release, critic Andrew O'Hehir of "Salon" noted that "The Quiet" "wobbles between genres." In his 2017 book "Twenty First Century Horror Films", film scholar Douglas Keesey classifies "The Quiet" as a horror film, writing that Dot represents "the gothic heroine haunted by her past," while Nina embodies "the girl in a horror movie whose fear of a monster invading her bedroom comes true." Alexandra Heller-Nicholas of "Vulture" also considers it a horror film that exemplifies a "gothic incest nightmare...  Vicious, tragic, and heartbreaking, "The Quiet" is contemporary suburban gothic at its bleakest." Director Jamie Babbit commented in 2006 that she had largely been drawn to the screenplay because it exemplified the "suburban horror genre."


title: The Quiet

text: After appearing in "The Girl Next Door", Cuthbert wanted to "not just ... play the hot girl in the movie, it kills me." She had just finished the "House of Wax" and "was ready to do something that was definitely more character-driven." She read the Sundance workshop script by writers Abdi Nazemian and Micah Shraft, who had not previously made a feature film, and became an associate producer for the film, originally to be titled "Dot".


title: The Quiet

text: Cuthbert had initially wanted to play the role of the silent Dot, but director Jamie Babbit instead cast Belle in that part after Thora Birch dropped out of the project. Babbit reasoned that "To me, Dot has to be someone you could believe would be invisible in high school. You look at Elisha, this beautiful woman with the most perfect body you've ever seen and you think, there's no high school in America where this girl could be invisible. No matter how much hair and makeup I do, it's not going to happen." Cuthbert ultimately agreed to take the role, though she initially found it difficult to connect with: "I had a healthy childhood. That was a conflict for me because I had nothing to draw on for this character. Everything about this character made no sense in some ways. Everything about me wanted to defend myself and stand up for myself, but I couldn't do that for the character because this is all she knows. It was challenging."


title: The Quiet

text: Belle's role as Dot was a departure from previous roles and the film was released around the same time as two other indie films starring Belle, "The Ballad of Jack and Rose" and "The Chumscrubber". Belle learned sign language and classical piano for the role, and wore no makeup for the part. She said of her part that "It was a lonely time 'cause she is a very lonely, depressing character." Cuthbert said that acting her part was complicated by Belle "not doing a whole lot in the movie, as far as dialogue goes – it was difficult, because we had to find the right timing and the beats."


title: The Quiet

text: The actors were brought together before filming commenced to go through ideas relating to the film, in order that they were familiar with the long-term situation of the characters. Cuthbert spoke to psychiatrists about sexual abuse, and the cast read articles about women who had been sexually abused.


title: The Quiet

text: The film was shot during September and October 2004 in Austin, Texas, and was produced by the University of Texas' Burnt Orange productions as their first feature. It was made for approximately $1 million, funded by the University of Texas Film Institute. Although the film is set in suburban Connecticut, Bowie High School in Austin was the principal filming location. A total of 36 University of Texas students worked on the film.


title: The Quiet

text: The film was shot in high-definition video. "Variety" said that "[director of photography] M. David Mullen's high-definition, widescreen camerawork supplies a lucid, moody look, matched by Jeff Rona's brooding score." MSNBC's Christy Lemire noted that "Every frame of "The Quiet", with its overly styled blue-gray tint and hazy interiors, calls to mind "9½ Weeks", "Fatal Attraction" or "Unfaithful"." Metroactive saw that "the purplish blues (the color that seems to work best in HD) are deeply saturated for such a cost-effective medium, and the color is never milky or streaky. At times, Mullen and Babbit overdo the murk." IndieWire agreed, noting that the "use of smoke to mask the use of high-def video ... results in laughably inexplicable smoky interiors lit like a high school production of "Les Miserables."" "SF Station"s Mel Valentin argued that Babbit effectively exaggerated the limitations of the budget and using HD video: "the video artifacts, lighting, night-time shooting, and sparse sets end up creating an oneiric, fairy-tale quality that helps to balances out the undercurrent of violence that permeates the characters’ actions."


title: The Quiet

text: The scene where Nina's father Paul attacks her was notably difficult to film, because Cuthbert was genuinely hurt by Donovan, who was "very method" during filming, and Babbit was caught between wanting to protect her and the need for Cuthbert "to go to a scary place." Cuthbert said that playing a victim was hard for her, and that "there were moments when I would go to the bathroom and bawl."


title: The Quiet

text: Following its premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2005, the film initially failed to find a distributor. It was released in cinemas by Sony Pictures Classics, first opening in seven theaters in New York and Los Angeles on August 25, 2006, where it earned $27,546 in its opening weekend.


title: The Quiet

text: The film expanded to 300 screens across the United States on September 1, 2006, ultimately appearing on a total of 366 screens. The film remained in release for 18 weeks, and grossed a total of $381,420 in the United States.


title: The Quiet

text: The film was not generally well received by critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film 21% rating based on 95 critic reviews. On Metacritic, the film had an average score of 29 out of 100, based on 24 reviews.


title: The Quiet

text: A number of critics noted that the film exemplified camp, including Jeff Shannon of "The Seattle Times" who noted it "bordered" on it, and was "loaded with lesbian undertones... this wretched drama plays like a high-school horror flick that trades monsters and mayhem for an overdose of force-fed cruelty." Bruce Kirkland of "Canoe" concurred: "If the subject matter was not so damn depressing, this dialogue would be camp-style laughable." Manohla Dargis of "The New York Times" similarly noted that the film lacked the "go-for-broke lunacy that makes a flick like "Wild Things" a classic of its trashy kind and might have saved this film."


title: The Quiet

text: In contrast, Andrea Chase of "Killer Movie Reviews" called the film "a disturbing drama that is as riveting to watch as it is challenging to contemplate." MTV called it "a powerful tale of seclusion, sexual abuse and sisterhood." "The Monitor" believed that "underappreciated at the box office, this film is, excuse the pun, quietly powerful." Patrick Luce of "Monsters & Critics" called it "a slow-burn thriller that keeps the audience hooked ... thanks to a disturbing plot and solid performances from its cast." Shawn Levy of "The Oregonian" also gave a favorable review, awarding it a B-rating and writing that "Babbit, with unnervingly beautiful compositions and sharp editing, lures you so skillfully into the film's awful revelations and sickening atmosphere, you feel rather like Dot: defenseless, alone, vulnerable."


title: The Quiet

text: Tonal inconsistency was a point of contention among critics, including David Rooney of "Variety", who found that the film "seems unsure whether to push for suburban-Gothic psychosexual excess or tongue-in-cheek malevolence... the film is derailed by its own silliness." Christy Lemire of MSNBC complained that "Not a single moment feels believable in the film, which is trying very hard to be a sexy, intense psychological thriller but instead just feels lurid and exploitative." Owen Gleiberman of "Entertainment Weekly" deemed the film "dank and rhythmless," while Andrew O'Hehir of "Salon" wrote that it is "a terrible example of what can happen when the wrong sets of talented people get together. It isn't convincing as talky psychological realism or as high-school satire or as ghoulish forbidden melodrama, although Belle and Cuthbert have their best and creepiest moments in that mode." Alternately, James Berardinelli of "Reel Views" praised the film for its depiction of familial sexual abuse victims, writing: "One strength of "The Quiet" is that it does not deal exploitatively with the incest/sexual abuse issue in its quest to generate tension. This is a grim subject, and Babbit gives it its due. Nina is obviously confused and damaged."


title: The Quiet

text: The writing of the film's characters was a point of contention, with "Metroactive" noting that "The role [of Olivia, Nina's mother] is savagely underwritten, leaving [Edie] Falco dangling, motiveless, for much of the movie"; "Monsters & Critics" also felt that "at times her character seems like more of an after thought than having any real purpose." "IndieWire" also felt that the characters of Dot and Nina were underwritten, and "Empire Movies" similarly decried the "blatant under-use of two talented young actresses." The "Houston Chronicle"s Bruce Westbrook criticized the film for "utterly failing its characters." Jeff Vice of the "Deseret News" noted that the film had "an awful script that features some howlingly bad dialogue."


title: The Quiet

text: Assessment of the acting of Cuthbert and Belle was often positive: Mark Olsen of the "Los Angeles Times", though dismissive of the film overall, wrote that "Both Cuthbert and Belle are nimble, surprising actresses, and they manage to navigate the film’s increasingly ridiculous twists with their dignity intact." Gazelle Emami of "The Daily Californian" similarly conceded that, "Despite the plot's failings, Cuthbert does a convincing job in her role, exuding an outer shell so tough that when her inner, softer layers emerge, it's a natural change of character." "Empire Movies" agreed, commenting that "this is Elisha Cuthbert's best film performance to date. Cuthbert's Nina has the majority of the most graphic and disturbing dialogue in the film, especially during one particular lunchroom scene where the camera is close up on Cuthbert and Belle's faces." "Metroactive" also noted that "Belle nearly carries "The Quiet" in her close-ups." Mel Valentin of "SF Station" agreed that "performance wise, "The Quiet" belongs to Camilla Belle and Elisha Cuthbert," noting that "Belle ... has to act through body language and facial expressions [and] mostly carries it off, but even a talented actress can only do so much with such a passive role ... Cuthbert acquits herself well in the more active, substantive role (again, for the most part), but her performance is undermined by the questionable decision to put her character in skimpy clothing." However, Ruthe Stein of the "San Francisco Chronicle" dissented, arguing that "Cuthbert flounces around a lot but doesn't have the range to express Nina's feelings." Wesley Morris of "The Boston Globe" said of Belle that "on screen she's hollow. The film is already visually dead, and it dies a little more whenever she's alone in a scene, which is often."


title: The Quiet

text: The film was released on DVD on February 13, 2007, with special features including “Fetal Pig, Fetal Pig, Let Me In”, a featurette on the dissection scene, “On Location: Shooting in Austin”, “Sans Celluloid: "The Quiet" and the Digital Camera", a script development featurette, and cast selection.


title: Nikkei 225

text: The Nikkei 225, or , more commonly called the Nikkei or the Nikkei index (), is a stock market index for the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE). It has been calculated daily by the "Nihon Keizai Shimbun" ("The Nikkei") newspaper since 1950. It is a price-weighted index, operating in the Japanese Yen (JP¥), and its components are reviewed once a year. The Nikkei measures the performance of 225 large, publicly owned companies in Japan from a wide array of industry sectors.


title: Nikkei 225

text: The Nikkei 225 began to be calculated on , retroactively calculated back to May 16th 1949, when the average price of its component stocks was 176.21 yen. Since January 2010, the index is updated every 15 seconds during trading sessions.


title: Nikkei 225

text: The Nikkei 225 Futures, introduced at Singapore Exchange (SGX) in 1986, the Osaka Securities Exchange (OSE) in 1988, Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) in 1990, is now an internationally recognized futures index.


title: Nikkei 225

text: The Nikkei average has deviated sharply from the textbook model of stock averages, which grow at a steady exponential rate. The average hit its all-time high on 29 December 1989, during the peak of the Japanese asset price bubble, when it reached an intra-day high of 38,957.44, before closing at 38,915.87, having grown sixfold during the decade. Subsequently, it lost nearly all these gains, closing at 7,054.98 on March 10th, 2009 — 81.9% below its peak nearly twenty years earlier.


title: Nikkei 225

text: On March 15th 2011, the second working day after the massive earthquake in the northeast part of Japan, the index dropped over 10% to finish at 8605.15, a loss of 1,015 points. The index continued to drop throughout 2011, bottoming out at 8160.01 on November 25th, putting it at its lowest close since March 31st, 2009. The Nikkei fell over 17% in 2011, finishing the year at 8455.35, its lowest year-end closing value in nearly thirty years, when the index finished at 8016.70 in 1982.


title: Nikkei 225

text: The Nikkei started 2013 near 10,600, hitting a peak of 15,942 in May. However, shortly afterward, it plunged by almost 10% before rebounding, making it the most volatile stock market index among the developed markets. By 2015, it has reached over 20,000 mark; marking a gain of over 10,000 in two years, making it one of the fastest growing stock market indexes in the world. However, by 2018, the index growth has been more moderate at around the 22,000 mark.


title: Nikkei 225

text: There is concern that the rise since 2013 is artificial and due to purchases by the Bank of Japan ("BOJ"). From a start in 2013, by end 2017, The BOJ owned circa 75% of all Japanese Exchange Traded Funds ("ETFs"), and are a top 10 shareholder of 90% of the Nikkei 225 constituents.


title: Nikkei 225

text: On February 15, 2021, the Nikkei average breached the 30,000 benchmark, its highest level in 30 years, due to the levels of monetary stimulus and asset purchase programs executed by the Bank of Japan to mitigate the financial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Nikkei 225

text: The index is a price-weighted index. As of early 2022, the company with the largest influence on the index is Fast Retailing ().


title: Nikkei 225

text: The Nikkei 225 is traded as a future on the Osaka exchange. The contract specifications for the Nikkei 225 (ticker symbol JNK) are listed below:


title: Nikkei 225

text: The following table shows the annual development of the Nikkei 225, which was calculated back to 1914.


title: Nikkei 225

text: As of October 2021, the Nikkei 225 consists of the following companies: (Japanese securities identification code in parentheses)


title: Ground-glass opacity

text: Ground-glass opacity (GGO) is a finding seen on chest x-ray (radiograph) or computed tomography (CT) imaging of the lungs. It is typically defined as an area of hazy opacification (x-ray) or increased attenuation (CT) due to air displacement by fluid, airway collapse, fibrosis, or a neoplastic process. When a substance other than air fills an area of the lung it increases that area's density. On both x-ray and CT, this appears more grey or hazy as opposed to the normally dark-appearing lungs. Although it can sometimes be seen in normal lungs, common pathologic causes include infections, interstitial lung disease, and pulmonary edema.


title: Ground-glass opacity

text: In both CT and chest radiographs, normal lungs appear dark due to the relative lower density of air compared to the surrounding tissues. When air is replaced by another substance (e.g. fluid or fibrosis), the density of the area increases, causing the tissue to appear lighter or more grey.


title: Ground-glass opacity

text: Ground-glass opacity is most often used to describe findings in high-resolution CT imaging of the thorax, although it is also used when describing chest radiographs. In CT, the term refers to one or multiple areas of increased attenuation (density) "without" concealment of the pulmonary vasculature. This appears more grey, as opposed to the normally dark-appearing (air-filled) lung on CT imaging. In chest radiographs, the term refers to one or multiple areas in which the normally darker-appearing (air-filled) lung appears more opaque, hazy, or cloudy. Ground-glass opacity is in contrast to consolidation, in which the pulmonary vascular markings are obscured. GGO can be used to describe both focal and diffuse areas of increased density. Subtypes of GGOs include diffuse, nodular, centrilobular, mosaic, crazy paving, halo sign, and reversed halo sign.