title: Church of Christ, Scientist

text: The First Church of Christ, Scientist is the legal title of The Mother Church and administrative headquarters of the Christian Science Church. The Mary Baker Eddy Library for the Betterment of Humanity is housed in an 11-story structure originally built for The Christian Science Publishing Society.


title: Church of Christ, Scientist

text: An international newspaper, "The Christian Science Monitor", founded by Eddy in 1908 and winner of seven Pulitzer prizes, is published by the church through the Christian Science Publishing Society.


title: Church of Christ, Scientist

text: The Christian Science Board of Directors is a five-person executive entity created by Mary Baker Eddy to conduct the business of the Christian Science Church under the terms defined in the by-laws of the "Church Manual". Its functions and restrictions are defined by the "Manual".


title: Church of Christ, Scientist

text: Beginning in the mid-1980s, church executives undertook a controversial and ambitious foray into electronic broadcast media. The first significant effort was to create a weekly half-hour syndicated television program, "The Christian Science Monitor" Reports. "Monitor Reports" was anchored in its first season by newspaper veteran Rob Nelson. He was replaced in the second by the "Christian Science Monitor"'s former Moscow correspondent, David Willis.


title: Church of Christ, Scientist

text: In October 1991, after a series of conflicts over the boundaries between Christian Science teachings and his journalistic independence, John Hart resigned.


title: Church of Christ, Scientist

text: The hundreds of millions lost on broadcasting brought the church to the brink of bankruptcy. However, with the 1991 publication of "The Destiny of The Mother Church" by the late Bliss Knapp, the church secured a $90 million bequest from the Knapp trust. The trust dictated that the book be published as "Authorized Literature," with neither modification nor comment. Historically, the church had censured Knapp for deviating at several points from Eddy's teaching, and had refused to publish the work. The church's archivist, fired in anticipation of the book's publication, wrote to branch churches to inform them of the book's history. Many Christian Scientists thought the book violated the church's by-laws, and the editors of the church's religious periodicals and several other church employees resigned in protest. Alternate beneficiaries subsequently sued to contest the church's claim it had complied fully with the will's terms, and the church ultimately received only half of the original sum.


title: Church of Christ, Scientist

text: The fallout of the broadcasting debacle also sparked a minor revolt among some prominent church members. In late 1993, a group of Christian Scientists filed suit against the Board of Directors, alleging a willful disregard for the Manual of the Mother Church in its financial dealings. The suit was thrown out by the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts in 1997, but a lingering discontent with the church's financial matters persists to this day.


title: Church of Christ, Scientist

text: In spite of its early meteoric rise, church membership has declined over the past eight decades, according to the church's former treasurer, J. Edward Odegaard. Though the Church is prohibited by the Manual from publishing membership figures, the number of branch churches in the United States has fallen steadily since World War II. In 2009, for the first time in church history, more new members came from Africa than the United States.


title: Church of Christ, Scientist

text: In 2005, "The Boston Globe" reported that the church was considering consolidating Boston operations into fewer buildings and leasing out space in buildings it owned. Church official Philip G. Davis noted that the administration and Colonnade buildings had not been fully used for many years and that vacancy increased after staff reductions in 2004. The church posted an $8 million financial loss in fiscal 2003, and in 2004 cut 125 jobs, a quarter of the staff, at the "Christian Science Monitor". Conversely, Davis noted that "the financial situation right now is excellent" and stated that the church was not facing financial problems.


title: Adam Rippon

text: Adam Richard Rippon (born November 11, 1989) is an American figure skater. He won the 2010 Four Continents Championships and the 2016 U.S. National Championships. Earlier in his career, he won the 2008 and 2009 World Junior Championships, the 2007–2008 Junior Grand Prix Final, and the 2008 U.S junior national title. Rippon was selected to represent the United States at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea.


title: Adam Rippon

text: At the 2018 Winter Olympics, Rippon won a bronze medal as part of the figure skating team event. Later that year, he won season 26 of "Dancing with the Stars" with professional dancer Jenna Johnson. Rippon announced his retirement from competitive figure skating in November 2018. He was included in "Time" magazine's "100 Most Influential People of 2018."


title: Adam Rippon

text: Adam Rippon was born on November 11, 1989, in Scranton, Pennsylvania, the first child in his family of six children. His parents divorced in 2004. He attended an elementary Catholic school called "Our Lady of Peace".


title: Adam Rippon

text: Rippon started to skate when he was ten years old; his mother skated and brought him along to the rink. He was coached by Yelena Sergeeva from 2000 to 2007.


title: Adam Rippon

text: In the 2004–2005 season, Rippon won the silver medal at the Novice level at the 2005 U.S. Championships. After Nationals he was assigned a spring international assignment, Triglav Trophy in Slovenia 2005, and competed in the Junior division, finishing first and winning the gold medal. In the 2005–06 season, he debuted on the ISU Junior Grand Prix circuit. He competed at the 2005–06 ISU Junior Grand Prix event in Croatia and placed 6th. At the 2006 U.S. Championships, he finished 11th at the junior level. In the 2006–2007 season, Rippon did not compete on the Junior Grand Prix circuit. He placed 6th on the junior level at the 2007 U.S. Championships. Following the event, he left Sergeeva and began working with Nikolai Morozov in February 2007 at the Ice House in Hackensack, New Jersey.


title: Adam Rippon

text: In the 2007–2008 season, Rippon competed on the 2007–2008 ISU Junior Grand Prix circuit. At his first event, the Harghita Cup in Miercurea Ciuc, Romania, he won the gold medal. He then won the silver medal at the Sofia Cup in Sofia, Bulgaria. These two medals qualified him for the ISU Junior Grand Prix Final. At that event, Rippon won the gold medal, and became the first man to break 200 points at a Junior level competition.


title: Adam Rippon

text: He went on to the 2008 U.S. Championships, where he won the Junior title. The Professional Skaters Association recognized Rippon as having the best men's free skate at the National Championships and was awarded the EDI Award. He earned a trip to the 2008 Junior Worlds, where he won the gold medal after finishing first in both segments.


title: Adam Rippon

text: Rippon moved up to the senior level in the 2008–2009 season. In the Grand Prix season he was assigned to compete at the 2008 Skate America where he placed eighth and the 2008 Cup of Russia where he placed third in the short program and fifth overall. In late November 2008, Rippon left Morozov. In December 2008, he moved to Toronto, Ontario, Canada, to begin training with Brian Orser at the Toronto Cricket, Skating & Curling Club. Rippon officially announced his coaching change on January 2, 2009.


title: Adam Rippon

text: At the 2009 U.S. Championships, his senior-level national debut, he placed seventh. He was named to the team for the 2009 Junior World Championships. At Junior Worlds, in his two programs, he landed a total of three 3A jumps, one in combination with a 2T. He won the competition, scoring 222.00 points and becoming the first single skater to win two World Junior titles.


title: Adam Rippon

text: Rippon sprained his ankle during the summer and missed some training time. For the 2009–2010 season, Rippon was assigned to two Grand Prix events. At the 2009 Trophée Eric Bompard, he placed third in both segments of the competition and was awarded the bronze medal. At the 2009 NHK Trophy, he finished 6th after placing 8th in the short and 5th in the free.


title: Adam Rippon

text: At the 2010 U.S. Championships, Rippon finished 5th overall after ranking 4th in both segments. He had a fall on his step sequence in the short program. Following the event, he was named as a second alternate for the 2010 Winter Olympics and 2010 World Championships, and assigned to the 2010 Four Continents Championships. At Four Continents, he placed 7th in the short program and first in the free skate, winning the gold medal. He was included in the U.S. team to Worlds after other skaters withdrew; he placed 7th in the short program, 5th in the free skate, and 6th overall.


title: Adam Rippon

text: Rippon began his season at the Japan Open, where he finished ahead of Daisuke Takahashi and Evgeni Plushenko. His assigned Grand Prix events for the 2010–2011 ISU Grand Prix season were the 2010 Skate Canada International and the 2010 Skate America. In Canada, Rippon had a collision with Patrick Chan during the morning practice before the short program but stated, "That was definitely the most exciting collision, maybe not the most dangerous." He won the bronze medal after placing third in the short and second in the free skate. At the 2010 Skate America, Rippon placed third in the short program, 7th in the free skate, and 4th overall.


title: Adam Rippon

text: At the 2011 U.S. Championships, Rippon finished 5th and was assigned to the 2011 Four Continents Championships, where he had the same result.


title: Adam Rippon

text: On June 16, 2011, Rippon announced he was leaving Canada and returning to train in the US at the Detroit Skating Club in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, home of his DSC-based choreographer Pasquale Camerlengo and began training under the charge of Jason Dungjen.


title: Adam Rippon

text: In the 2011–2012 season, Rippon was assigned to 2011 Skate Canada and 2011 Trophée Eric Bompard as his Grand Prix events. He opened the season with a 4th-place finish at Skate Canada. This competition marked Rippon's first attempt at including a quad jump in his free program. At Trophée Bompard, he was 4th in the short program, 3rd in the long, and finished 4th overall. Rippon won the silver medal at the 2012 U.S. Championships. He finished 4th at Four Continents and 13th at Worlds.


title: Adam Rippon

text: In September 2012, Rippon announced a coaching change, moving to train with Rafael Arutyunyan in Lake Arrowhead, California. At the 2012 Cup of China, Rippon collided with China's Song Nan – who sustained a concussion and withdrew – a minute into the final warm up before the free skate. Rippon said, "I kind of turned around to go into a jump and I think when Nan Song and I saw each other we both tried to avoid each other, but we went in the same way and we went head first into each other." Rippon finished 4th at the event and 8th at the 2012 NHK Trophy. At the 2013 U.S. Championships, he landed three triple Axels and finished 5th. He was assigned to the 2013 Four Continents but withdrew after sustaining an ankle injury on February 2, 2013.


title: Adam Rippon

text: In October 2013, Rippon competed at the 2013 Skate America. He included a quad lutz in both his short and long programs. He set personal bests in both segments, capturing the silver medal and finishing as the top American over Max Aaron and Jason Brown. In November he competed for the NHK Trophy and posted a new ISU personal best in the short program 82.25 . He landed a quad toe-loop in both segments and finished fourth overall.


title: Adam Rippon

text: In October 2014, Rippon competed at the 2014 CS Finlandia Trophy finishing first in the free program and second overall. At the end of October he finished 7th in the free skate and 10th overall at the 2014 Skate Canada International. In November he finished 5th at the 2014 Trophee Eric Bompard after placing third in the free skate. It was a season plagued with equipment issues. Rippon adjusted his blade brand and mount, took on a new trainer to work with his team and met with renewed consistency at U.S. Championships, landing effortless triple axels and once again including a quad lutz in his short and long programs. He went on to win the free-skate portion of the competition and finished second overall with the silver medal. He was assigned to both the Four Continents team and the Worlds team.


title: Adam Rippon

text: He placed sixth at the 2016 World Championships in Boston with a lively program to a medley of Beatles tunes. The audience gave him a standing ovation.


title: Adam Rippon

text: After taking bronze at the 2016 CS U.S. Classic, Rippon won bronze at both of his Grand Prix competitions – the 2016 Skate America and 2016 Trophée de France. As a result, he qualified for the first time to the Grand Prix Final. He would finish 6th at the event in Marseille, France.


title: Adam Rippon

text: During an off-ice warmup on January 6, 2017, Rippon sprained his left ankle and fractured the fifth metatarsal bone in his left foot, resulting in his withdrawal from the 2017 U.S. Championships.


title: Adam Rippon

text: Starting his season strong with a bronze medal at 2017 CS Finlandia Trophy, Rippon then went on to win silver medals in both of his Grand Prix assignments, 2017 NHK Trophy and 2017 Skate America. His placements at these events qualified him for his second Grand Prix Final. During his free skate at Skate America, Rippon fell on his shoulder while executing a quad lutz, but he was able to continue with his performance without stopping. At the 2018 U.S. Championships, Rippon placed 4th.


title: Adam Rippon

text: On January 7, 2018, he was one of three men selected to represent USA in the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. At the 2018 Winter Olympics, Rippon won a bronze medal in the figure skating team event as part of the U.S. team, which made him the United States’ first openly gay athlete to win a medal at the Winter Olympics. In the individual men's event, he placed 7th in the short and 10th in the free to place 10th overall.


title: Adam Rippon

text: On April 13, 2018, Rippon was announced as one of the celebrities who would compete on season 26 of "Dancing with the Stars". His professional partner was Jenna Johnson. Rippon, along with Johnson, won the competition.


title: Adam Rippon

text: Rippon's signature move is a 3Lz that he executes with both arms above his head, colloquially dubbed the "Rippon Lutz". He is capable of performing the 3Lz-2T-2Lo combination with one hand over his head in all three jumps (colloquially named the "'Tano Lutz" after Brian Boitano, who popularized the move).


title: Adam Rippon

text: In March 2018, Rippon appeared at the 90th Academy Awards red carpet wearing a harness designed by Moschino.


title: Adam Rippon

text: At the Time 100 Gala in April 2019, Rippon honored his mother, a single parent, for her inspiration and dedication to his success. He reminded people that success is not overnight: It requires dedication and the support of others. In addition to his mother, Kelly, he has a close relationship with his siblings.


title: Adam Rippon

text: In 2019, Rippon guest-hosted "RuPaul's Drag Race" season 11 "Ruveal" livestreams with reigning queen from season 10, Aquaria.


title: Adam Rippon

text: In 2019, Rippon appeared in Taylor Swift's "You Need to Calm Down" music video, which won the MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year. He also appeared in Superfruit's "The Promise" music video.


title: Adam Rippon

text: In his memoir "Beautiful on the Outside", Rippon revealed that, before coming out as gay, he briefly dated South Korean Olympic champion Yuna Kim while both were training in Toronto.


title: Adam Rippon

text: Rippon and his husband, Jussi-Pekka Kajaala, were married on December 31, 2021. The two met on Tinder in 2018.


title: Adam Rippon

text: In February 2018, Rippon raised concerns about Vice President Mike Pence being chosen to lead the US delegation to the 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony because of Pence's support of legislation and policies deemed hostile to gay people.


title: Adam Rippon

text: Rippon endorsed and campaigned for Elizabeth Warren in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries.


title: Adam Rippon

text: In 2020, Rippon made a donation to The Okra Project, a charity aimed at helping underprivileged black transgender people. Russian skater Alexei Yagudin reacted to the donation with an Instagram post calling Rippon and people like him "mistakes of nature" and wishing them to die. Yagudin later deleted the post. Rippon criticized Yagudin for the comments and made another $1,000 donation, this time in Yagudin's name, to the same organization.


title: Adam Rippon

text: In 2022, Rippon criticized the International Olympic Committee (IOC) for selecting Beijing as the host city of the 2022 Winter Olympic. The athlete said that the IOC was rewarding China's "bad behaviour" on human rights instead of choosing hosting countries that are safe for all athletes to compete to "step up" on human rights.


title: David Anders

text: David Anders Holt (born March 11, 1981), known professionally as David Anders, is an American television and stage actor. He is best known for his roles as Julian Sark on "Alias", as Adam Monroe on "Heroes", as John Gilbert in the TV series "The Vampire Diaries", as Victor Frankenstein / Dr. Whale on ABC's "Once Upon a Time", and as Blaine "DeBeers" McDonough on "iZombie". Although Anders is American, a few of his roles have required him to use a British Home counties accent.


title: David Anders

text: Anders was born in Grants Pass, Oregon, to Dr. Tony and Jeri Holt. Anders has three older siblings: a biological brother (Arik), a brother (Jason), and a sister (Maili).


title: David Anders

text: Anders began acting in school plays at a young age but spent most of high school playing sports such as basketball and tennis. When he was a senior in high school, at 15, he played Philip the Apostle in a regional theater production of "Jesus Christ Superstar". When he was 18 Anders won the part of George in his high school's production of "Our Town", then went on to portray Freddy Eynsford-Hill in a production of "My Fair Lady".


title: David Anders

text: After moving to Los Angeles, he took the stage name of David Anders due to another actor using the name David Holt. In 2001, he played a high school senior in the Olsen twins' series "So Little Time". Later in 2001, he landed the role of Julian Sark in "Alias"; originally a guest star, Anders was made a regular and lasted until 2006. Before his acting debut in "Alias", Anders worked at The Gap and taught tennis. Between 2001 and 2006, while working on "Alias", Anders made guest appearances on television shows such as "Charmed", "" and "Grey's Anatomy". Anders also worked in independent film, and was involved in several plays. In 2002, he played in the independent film, "The Surge". In December 2001, he appeared in "The Source" magazine in an ad for the rapper Canibus, in which Anders doubled as Eminem. In 2005, Anders joined the cast of "Beautiful", an Off-Broadway rock musical, as the lead. "Beautiful" was shown during the New York International Fringe Festival. In the same year, he participated in the film "Circadian Rhythm". In 2006, Anders worked on the horror film "Left in Darkness" alongside actress Monica Keena. In 2007, Anders played the role of ELI in the film of the same name, "ELI".


title: David Anders

text: He was then cast in a regular role in the second season of NBC's hit "Heroes" as Adam Monroe/Takezo Kensei, a character with the ability to regenerate. Anders, playing a British character, was once again called upon to use his British accent from "Alias".


title: David Anders

text: He also worked on two other movies: "" and "The Revenant". He also guest-starred in the eighth season of "24". He guest starred as John Gilbert in the TV series "The Vampire Diaries" in 2010 and 2011.


title: David Anders

text: As of late 2011, Anders had a recurring role as Victor Frankenstein (as well as his Storybrook version Dr. Whale) on ABC's "Once Upon a Time". Anders starred as Troy Cutler in USA's "Necessary Roughness" and continued his role in "Once Upon a Time" in Season 3. Since 2015, he has portrayed Blaine DeBeers in the US series "IZombie". He also returned to "Once Upon a Time" for a quick walk-on scene in 2015, and again in 2016. In 2017 he returned for a nonspeaking cameo in the series finale of "The Vampire Diaries".


title: David Anders

text: In June 2017, Anders revealed that "for kicks" he was in the process of recording his first album. The album, as revealed by Anders on Twitter, was produced by musician/producer David Poe. The EP was self released by Anders in limited quantities, with the single "Above Below" being made available for streaming alongside its music video (a tribute to Anders' late father) on October 20, 2022.


title: David Anders

text: On stage Anders has played the lead role in the world premiere of "Rockne: The Musical". He also appeared in "The Diary of Anne Frank", in 2001, which received an award for Best Ensemble performance at the Back Stage West Garland Awards. In June 2018 Anders performed in along with Ruth Connell, Rob Benedict, and Jason Watkins. The play was presented as part of the 26th Annual Young Playwrights Festival.


title: David Anders

text: In 2006, Anders became a part of "Alias" and "Heroes" co-star Greg Grunberg's band, Band From TV. He sang main vocals alongside Bonnie Somerville. Hugh Laurie ("House") on keyboards and James Denton ("Desperate Housewives") on guitar were also part of the project. The band's main goal was to raise money for major charities; according to Grunberg, they "charge an incredible amount of money to play corporate events, but if it's all going to charity, then it's worth every dime".


title: David Anders

text: In 2015 Anders appeared in a video promoting Stop-Attack, an app that aims to raise awareness and end domestic abuse. Anders was one of over 125 celebrities who supported the app, along with its equity owner Christina Milian.


title: County Galway

text: County Galway ( ; ) is a county in Ireland. It is in the West of Ireland, taking up the south of the province of Connacht.


title: County Galway

text: There are several Irish-speaking areas in the west of the county. The traditional county includes, and is named for, the city of Galway, but the city and county are separate local government areas, administered by the local authorities of Galway City Council in the urban area and Galway County Council in the rest of the county.


title: County Galway

text: The first inhabitants in the Galway area arrived over 7000 years ago. Shell middens indicate the existence of people as early as 5000 BC.


title: County Galway

text: The county originally comprised several kingdoms and territories which predate the formation of the county. These kingdoms included , , , , and . County Galway became an official entity around 1569 AD. The region known as Connemara retains a distinct identity within the county, though its boundaries are unclear, and it may account for as much as one third, or as little as 20%, of the county.


title: County Galway

text: With the arrival of Christianity many monasteries were built in the county. Monasteries kept written records of events in the area and of its people. These were followed by a number of law-tracts, genealogies, annals and miscellaneous accounts. Extant manuscripts containing references to Galway include:


title: County Galway

text: Nearly 20% of the population of County Galway live in the Gaeltacht (Irish-speaking districts). County Galway is home to the largest Gaeltacht Irish-speaking region in Ireland. There are over 48,000 people living within this region, which extends from Galway city westwards through Connemara. The region consists of the following Irish-speaking areas: Galway City Gaeltacht (parts of the city), Gaeltacht Cois Fharraige, Conamara Theas, Aran Islands, and Duiche Sheoigheach (a part of the northern Galway region known as "Joyce Country" and Maam Valley).


title: County Galway

text: All schools within the Gaeltacht use the Irish language for classroom instruction. There is also a third-level constituent college of NUIG called Acadamh na hOllscolaíochta Gaeilge in Carraroe and Carna. Clifden is the largest town in the region. Galway City is also home to Ireland's only Irish-language theatre, Taibhdhearc na Gaillimhe. There is a strong Irish-language media presence in this area too, which boasts the radio station Raidió na Gaeltachta and Foinse newspaper in Carraroe and national TV station TG4 in Baile na hAbhann. The Aran Islands are also part of the Galway Gaeltacht.


title: County Galway

text: According to Census 2016, there were 84,249 people in County Galway who could speak Irish. According to Census 2011, the Galway city and county Gaeltacht has a population of 48,907, of which 30,978 said they could speak Irish; 23,788 can be classed as native Irish speakers, while 7,190 speak Irish daily only within the classroom. There are 3,006 attending the ten Gaelscoil (Irish language primary schools) and three Gaelcholáiste (Irish language secondary schools) outside the Galway Gaeltacht. According to the Irish Census 2016, there are 9,445 people in the county who identify themselves as being daily Irish speakers outside the education system.


title: County Galway

text: Galway City Council and Galway County Council are the local authorities for the respective local government areas. The local government area of County Galway includes some suburbs of the city not within the city area. Each local authority is responsible for certain local services such as sanitation, planning and development, libraries, the collection of motor taxation, local roads and social housing.


title: County Galway

text: Under the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898, County Galway was divided into the urban districts of Ballinasloe and Galway, and the rural districts of Ballinasloe No. 1, Clifden, Galway, Glennamaddy, Gort, Loughrea, Mount Bellew, Oughterard, Portumna, and Tuam. Loughrea, within the rural district of Loughrea, and Tuam, within the rural district of Tuam, had town commissioners. The rural districts were abolished in 1925.


title: County Galway

text: In 1937, the urban district of Galway became the borough of Galway, remaining part of County Galway. In 1986, the borough of Galway became the county borough of Galway and ceased to part of County Galway. In 2002, all county boroughs were redefined as cities.


title: County Galway

text: In 2002, the urban district of Ballinasloe and the town commissioners of Loughrea and Tuam became town councils. All town councils in Ireland were abolished in 2014.


title: County Galway

text: As part of the Northern and Western Region, Galway County Council has three representatives and Galway City Council has two representatives on the Northern and Western Regional Assembly.


title: County Galway

text: The county is part of three Dáil constituencies: Galway East (3 seats), Galway West (5 seats) and Roscommon–Galway (5 seats). It is part of the Midlands–North-West constituency for European elections.


title: County Galway

text: County Galway is home to Na Beanna Beola (Twelve Bens) mountain range, Na Sléibhte Mhám Toirc (the Maum Turk mountains), and the low mountains of Sliabh Echtghe (Slieve Aughty). The highest point in the county is one of the Twelve Bens, Benbaun, at 729m.


title: County Galway

text: County Galway is partly home to a number of Ireland's largest lakes including Lough Corrib (the largest lake in the Republic of Ireland), Lough Derg and Lough Mask. The county is also home to a large number of smaller lakes, many of which are in the Connemara region. These include Lough Anaserd, Ardderry Lough, Aughrusbeg Lough, Ballycuirke Lough, Ballynahinch Lake, Lough Bofin, Lough Cutra, Derryclare Lough, Lough Fee, Glendollagh Lough, Lough Glenicmurrin, Lough Inagh, Kylemore Lough, Lettercraffroe Lough, Maumeen Lough, Lough Nafooey, Lough Rea, Ross Lake and Lough Shindilla.


title: County Galway

text: The location of County Galway, situated on the west coast of Ireland, allows it to be directly influenced by the Gulf Stream. Temperature extremes are rare and short lived, though inland areas, particularly east of the Corrib, can boast some of the highest recorded temperatures of the summer in the island of Ireland (sometimes exceeding 30 °C); though these temperatures only occur when land warmed east winds sweep the area; the opposite effect can occur in the winter. Overall, however, Galway is influenced mainly by Atlantic airstreams which bring ample rainfall in between the fleeting sunshine. Rainfall occurs in every month of the year, though the late autumn and winter months can be particularly wet as Atlantic cyclonic activity increases and passes over and around the area, and which is why Galway tends to bear the brunt of severe windstorms that can occur between August and March. The county on average receives about 1300mm of rainfall annually, though some areas along the west coast of the county can receive up to 1900mm and beyond. Extreme weather such as blizzards, thunderstorms, flash flooding and hail, though rare, can and do occur, particularly when air masses of continental origin are undercut by more humid and unstable Atlantic flows.


title: County Galway

text: One of the least densely populated counties, County Galway harbors a variety of wildlife. The region's biodiversity is best represented by Connemara National Park, situated in the west of the county.


title: County Galway

text: According to numbers published by Galway Chamber of Commerce in early 2019, there were then 196 information and communications technology (ICT) organisations in Galway, including IBM, SAP, Oracle and Cisco. There is a number of medical device companies in the area, including Medtronic (with approximately 1,800 employees) and Boston Scientific (2,800 employees).


title: County Galway

text: Gaelic games are the most popular sport in the county. Galway had traditional regions in which Gaelic football or hurling is played. For example, in south and eastern County Galway, in places such as Portumna, Gort, Clarinbridge and Athenry, hurling is the dominant sport with successful teams at county and national level. Most of the rest of the county is considered to be footballing territory, with most of the county players being from The Tuam area, Oughterard, Moycullen or parts of Galway city.


title: County Galway

text: Galway United FC compete in the SSE Aitricity League of Ireland and plays home games in Eamonn Deacy Park.


title: County Galway

text: Connacht Rugby competes in the United Rugby Championship is based in Galway city. The two main amateur rugby clubs in the county are Galway Corinthians RFC and Galwegians RFC which compete in the All-Ireland League.


title: County Galway

text: Athletics is also a very popular sport in Galway, a few clubs being; Galway City Harriers, Craughwell Athletic Club, Athenry A.C, Tuam A.C, Loughrea A.C and many others.


title: Tasha Yar

text: Natasha "Tasha" Yar is a fictional character that mainly appeared in the of the American science fiction television series "". Portrayed by Denise Crosby, Yar is chief of security aboard the Starfleet starship USS "Enterprise"-D and carries the rank of lieutenant. The character's concept was based upon the character of Vasquez from the film "Aliens" (1986). Following further development she became known first as Tanya, and then Tasha. Crosby had auditioned for the role of Deanna Troi, while Rosalind Chao became a favorite for Tasha. After Marina Sirtis auditioned for the role, the series' creator Gene Roddenberry decided to switch the roles for the actresses, with Sirtis becoming Troi and Crosby becoming Yar. Chao would later appear on the series in a recurring role as Keiko O'Brien.


title: Tasha Yar

text: The character first appeared in the series' pilot episode, "Encounter at Farpoint". After Crosby decided to leave the series, Yar was killed in the episode "Skin of Evil" near the end of the series' . She was written back into the series for a guest appearance in the episode "Yesterday's Enterprise", in which her character was still alive in an alternate timeline, and again in the final episode of the series "", which included events set prior to the pilot.


title: Tasha Yar

text: She was described as a forerunner to other strong women in science fiction, such as Kara Thrace from the 2004 version of "Battlestar Galactica", while providing a step between the appearances of female characters on "" to the command positions they have on "" and "". Questions were raised over the sexuality of the character, and it was thought that the events in the episode "The Naked Now" were designed to establish her heterosexuality. The manner of her first death was received with mostly negative reviews. One critic called it typical of the death of a "Star Trek" security officer, and the scene was also included in a list of tasteless sci-fi deaths.


title: Tasha Yar

text: Inspired by Vasquez in "Aliens", the character was initially named "Macha Hernandez" and was the tactical officer of the "Enterprise". This had been changed by the first casting call—issued on December 10, 1986—when she was given the position of security chief. The producers considered Jenette Goldstein, who had played Vasquez, for the role, but writer Dorothy Fontana pointed out that the actress "is not Latina. She is petite, blue-eyed, freckle-faced". The character was subsequently renamed "Tanya" around March 13.


title: Tasha Yar

text: By the time that the writers' and directors' guide for the series was published, dated March 23, 1987, the character was named Natasha "Tasha" Yar. Her surname was suggested by Robert Lewin, drawing inspiration from the Babi Yar atrocities in Ukraine during the Second World War. Her biography stated that she was 28 years old, and confirmed her Ukrainian descent. She was planned to have a friendship with teenager Wesley Crusher, and was described in the guide as "treat[ing] this boy like the most wonderful person imaginable. Wes is the childhood friend that Tasha never had."


title: Tasha Yar

text: In April 1987, Lianne Langland, Julia Nickson, Rosalind Chao, Leah Ayres, and Bunty Bailey were each listed as being in contention for the role. Chao was a favorite candidate, while Denise Crosby was described as "the only possibility" for the character of Deanna Troi. The production staff were not keen on having two actresses in the bridge crew roles with similar physical types and hair colors, and so the team took account of the casting of the two roles together. The writers and directors guide described Yar as having a muscular but very feminine body type, and being sufficiently athletic to defeat most other crew members in martial arts. After Crosby and Marina Sirtis had each auditioned for Troi and Yar respectively, Gene Roddenberry decided to switch the actresses and cast Crosby as Tasha Yar. He felt that Sirtis' appearance was better suited to the "exotic" Troi.


title: Tasha Yar

text: Before the end of the first season, Crosby asked to be released from her contract as she was unhappy that her character was not being developed. She later said "I was miserable. I couldn't wait to get off that show. I was dying". Roddenberry agreed to her request and she left on good terms. The final episode she filmed was "", which was completed after Yar's death in "Skin of Evil". Her last scene was during the final act of the episode, in which a holographic farewell recording of her is played for the bridge crew. After her departure, archive footage of Crosby as Yar was used in the episodes "" and "".


title: Tasha Yar

text: Crosby was happy to return in "Yesterday's Enterprise" due to the strength of the script, saying that "I had more to do in that episode than I'd ever had to do before". Prior to the episode being aired, the media had to be reassured that Yar was not returning in a dream sequence. Following her appearance in that episode, Crosby pitched the idea of Yar's daughter, Sela, to the producers. She made her first appearance in this role in the two-part "" and appeared once more in another two-part episode, "". Denise returned twice more in the non-canon "Star Trek" universe. In 2007, she appeared as an ancestor of Tasha Yar, Jenna Yar, in "", an episode of the fan-produced series "". Tasha Yar was written into "Star Trek Online" as part of the third anniversary celebration in 2013. Denise Crosby recorded audio for the game, in scenes set after those in "Yesterday's Enterprise".


title: Tasha Yar

text: Natasha Yar's origins are explained in the season four episode "". She was born on the planet Turkana IV in 2337. She had a younger sister named Ishara, who was born five years after her. Shortly after Ishara's birth, the girls' parents were killed and they were taken in by other people; however, they were subsequently abandoned and Tasha was required to look after her sister on her own. The government on the planet had collapsed, and the sisters were forced to scavenge for food while avoiding rape gangs. In 2352, aged 15, Tasha managed to leave Turkana IV. She never saw Ishara again; the latter joined the "Coalition", one of the factions on the planet before Tasha left. Tasha refused to join the cadres on the planet, blaming them for her parents' deaths.


title: Tasha Yar

text: Yar appeared for the first time in the pilot episode of "" as the Security and Tactical Officer on board the USS "Enterprise"-D. When Captain Picard orders an emergency saucer separation, Yar is one of the bridge crew to accompany him to the battle bridge. She is amongst the crew abducted by Q, and later serves on the away team to Farpoint Station. In "The Naked Now", while the crew are under the influence of an alien ailment, she initiates a sexual encounter with the android Data. In "" Yar is abducted by Lutan, the leader of the planet Ligon II, after she demonstrates her combat skills on the holodeck. She kills Lutan's wife Yareena in ritual combat to the death, though Yareena is revived on the "Enterprise" by Doctor Crusher. During the events of "Where No One Has Gone Before", Yar begins to hallucinate that she is back on Turkana IV and running for her life. In "The Arsenal of Freedom", Yar and Data are trapped together on the surface of the planet Minos and are attacked by a series of sentry probes that adapt to Data and Yar's phasers. The situation is resolved by Captain Picard, who is trapped elsewhere on the planet's surface with Dr. Crusher.


title: Tasha Yar

text: Yar forms part of the away team that beams down to Vagra II to rescue Deanna Troi from a crashed shuttlecraft in "Skin of Evil". She is killed by the creature Armus in a display of his power. The crew hold a memorial service for her on the holodeck, and Worf replaces her as chief tactical and security officer. After her death it is revealed that Data keeps a small hologram of her in his quarters. Despite Data's lack of emotions, he is described by reviewers as being sentimentally attached to her image. During the court hearing on Data's stature as a sentient being in "", he explains that he and Yar were intimate and that she was special to him.


title: Tasha Yar

text: After the USS "Enterprise"-C emerges from a rift in space-time in "Yesterday's Enterprise", the timeline is changed and Yar is once again alive and in her former position on the "Enterprise"-D. She works with the older Enterprise's helmsman, Richard Castillo, and the two become close. Guinan, who has some awareness of the timeline that would be restored by the "Enterprise"-C returning into the rift, confides in Yar that she believes that Yar died senselessly in that timeline. Based on that advice, Yar transfers to the "Enterprise"-C and returns with it to two decades into the past, and its expected destruction at the hands of the Romulans while defending the Klingon outpost Narendra III. The alternative universe version of Yar travelled back in time on board the "Enterprise"-C, and into the main timeline. This process was later described as "world jumping" rather than a typical timeline travel story by critics.


title: Tasha Yar

text: Yar's half-Romulan daughter Sela explains in "Redemption" that several members of the "Enterprise"-C crew were captured by the Romulans when it returned through the rift, including Yar. A Romulan general offered to spare the crew's lives if she became his consort. After a year, Yar gave birth to Sela. When Sela was four, Yar attempted to escape but Sela screamed to prevent her from being taken away from her father. After she was caught, Yar was executed.


title: Tasha Yar

text: The series finale "" includes Yar's final appearance, in scenes that take place prior to and in the early parts of "Encounter at Farpoint". As most of the bridge crew are yet to join the "Enterprise"-D in the scenes, Yar is one of the senior members of the crew under Captain Picard in the earliest of the three timeframes in the episode. She needs to be convinced by Picard to put the ship in danger in order to destroy the temporal anti-time anomaly that threatens to prevent life from evolving on Earth.


title: Tasha Yar

text: Science fiction writer Keith DeCandido considered Yar the most interesting role to appear in the "writer's bible", while Hal Boedeker characterized her as "forceful" in an article on women in "Star Trek" for "Knight Ridder". A Den of Geek article by Martin Anderson also about women in "Star Trek" described the character as a predecessor to Kara "Starbuck" Thrace in the 2004 re-imagining of "Battlestar Galactica". A "Post-Tribune" review of the series following the pilot described Yar as a "tough cookie" and the reviewer's favorite crew member. Frank Oglesbee, in his article on "" Kira Nerys, outlined the progression of female roles in "gender assumptions" from "" where women were on the bridge, through Tasha Yar in "The Next Generation" where they were in command positions, to "Deep Space Nine" and "" where women were in lead roles. He noted specifically that women appeared in command positions more regularly as main and supporting characters, and were portrayed as more assertive and combative, with leading roles in action sequences.


title: Tasha Yar

text: In Sarah Projansky's contribution on rape in "Star Trek" to the book "Enterprise Zones: Critical Positions on Star Trek", she extrapolates that Yar's introduction to Starfleet was similar to the actions of United States Army soldiers issuing supplies to the survivors of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the liberation of Nazi concentration camps during the Second World War. The idea of an American savior of colonial rape victims stems from U.S. propaganda during the war, stating that "In "TNG", the Federation citizen represents a new and improved version of this U.S. savior citizen; the Federation citizen is a post-nationalist, post-sexist, and post-racist soldier—feminist".


title: Tasha Yar

text: Reviewers have questioned the character's sexuality since the end of the series. "Curve" magazine speculated that Yar was a "closeted" lesbian. In the book "Science Fiction Audiences: Watching Doctor Who and Star Trek", the authors describe her as "an obvious bisexual", but that "she should be a lesbian". Referring to the events in "The Naked Now", the authors explain "when they decided to straighten her, they used an android. So we ended up heterosexualizing two perfectly wonderful characters". The authors of the book "Deep Space and Sacred Time: Star Trek in the American Mythos" also thought that having Data and Yar consummate sexually was a means to state early on in the series the heterosexuality of the two most androgynous characters in the show.


title: Tasha Yar

text: Fans responded negatively to the departure of Yar as they felt that the character had potential for future expansion. Reviewers were also critical of the manner of Yar's death. Keith DeCandido called it "pointless", but thought that it was no worse than the deaths of other security officer "redshirts" throughout the history of "Star Trek". He said that he preferred her death in "Skin of Evil" to the "clichéd-up-the-wazoo" death she experienced in "Yesterday's Enterprise". Gary Westfahl, in his book "Space and Beyond: The Frontier Theme in Science Fiction", described Yar's death as one of the most notable ones in "Star Trek", alongside that of Spock in "" and James T. Kirk in "Star Trek Generations". "SFX" magazine included her first death in a 2012 list of the top 21 "Naff Sci-Fi Deaths", while the "Chicago Sun-Times" described her death in "Yesterday's Enterprise" as a "hero's death".


title: Jerusalem cricket

text: Jerusalem crickets (or potato bugs) are a group of large, flightless insects in the genera "Ammopelmatus" and "Stenopelmatus", together comprising the tribe Stenopelmatini. The former genus is native to the western United States and parts of Mexico, while the latter genus is from Central America.


title: Jerusalem cricket

text: Despite their common names, these insects are neither true crickets (which belong to the family Gryllidae) nor true bugs (which belong to the order Hemiptera), nor are they native to Jerusalem. These nocturnal insects use their strong mandibles to feed primarily on dead organic matter but can also eat other insects. Their highly adapted feet are used for burrowing beneath moist soil to feed on decaying root plants and tubers.


title: Jerusalem cricket

text: While Jerusalem crickets are not venomous, they can emit a foul smell and are capable of inflicting a painful bite.


title: Jerusalem cricket

text: There are 19 species recognized as valid in the genus "Stenopelmatus", as presently delimited (with 13 more of uncertain status and potentially not valid), though the genus was formerly much larger, including most of the species now placed in the genus "Ammopelmatus", which contains 20 additional species. The family Stenopelmatidae and subfamily Stenopelmatinae contain several Old World genera, but only the genera in the tribe Stenopelmatini (all New World) are referred to as Jerusalem crickets. Other families in the same superfamily (Stenopelmatoidea) in Australia and New Zealand include the wētā and king crickets. They are similar to stenopelmatines in many respects.


title: Jerusalem cricket

text: Similar to true crickets, each species of Jerusalem cricket produces a different song during mating. This song takes the form of a characteristic drumming in which the insect beats its abdomen against the ground.


title: Jerusalem cricket

text: No species have wings with sound-producing structures; moreover, evidently none has structures it could use to hear sound. This contrasts with true crickets and katydids, who use their wings to produce sounds and have hearing organs to sense sounds of others. Jerusalem crickets seem unable to hiss by forcing air through their spiracles, as some beetles and cockroaches do. Instead, the few Jerusalem crickets that do make sound rub their hind legs against the sides of the abdomen, producing a rasping, hissing noise. This hiss may serve to deter predators rather than to communicate with other crickets. For such purposes, Jerusalem crickets rely on substrate vibrations felt by subgenual organs located in all six of the insect's legs.


title: Jerusalem cricket

text: Several hypotheses attempt to explain the origin of the term "Jerusalem cricket". One suggests the term originated from a mixing of Navajo and Christian terminology, resulting from the strong connection Franciscan priests had with the Navajos in developing their dictionary and vocabulary. Such priests may have heard the Navajos speak of a "skull insect" and took this as a reference to Calvary (also known as "Skull Hill") outside Jerusalem near the place where Jesus was crucified.


title: Salma Agha

text: Salma Agha (; born 25 October 1956) is a British singer and actress who worked in Pakistani and Indian films in the 1980s and the early 1990s. She was born in Karachi and raised in London, where she received several film offers from Indian directors. Her first film was the romance "Nikaah" (1982), in which she starred as the female lead and also sang several of the film's songs herself. She was nominated for the Filmfare awards that year in both the Best Actress category and the Best Female Playback Singer category. It was for her singing that she won the Filmfare Best Female Playback Award. She is also known for her role in "Kasam Paida Karne Wale Ki" (1984) opposite Mithun Chakraborty, and for her song "Come Closer" from the same film.


title: Salma Agha

text: Salma Agha was born and raised in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, to Liaqat Gul Agha and his wife Nasreen Agha. Liaqat Gul Agha was a tradesman dealing in rugs and belonged to an Urdu speaking Pathan Muslim family based in Amritsar, East Punjab. She traces the origin of her surname 'Aagha', "Her father (Liaqat Gul Tajik) traded in precious stones and antiques in Iran. He was given the title Aagha there, a kind of knighthood bestowed on a businessman of repute." Her mother Nasreen (born as Zarina Ghaznavi) was the daughter of Rafiq Ghaznavi, a Pashtun musician, and his wife Anwari Bai Begum, who was one of the earliest actresses of Indian cinema, starring in "Heer Ranjha" (1932). Anwari and Rafiq Ghaznavi separated after Nasreen's birth, and Anwari then married a rich Indian Hindu businessman named Jugal Kishore Mehra, who converted to Islam and took the name Ahmed Salman. Jugal Kishore Mehra was a first cousin of Bollywood actors Raj Kapoor, Shammi Kapoor and Shashi Kapoor, because their mother, Ramsarni Kapoor (née Mehra), was the sister of his father.


title: Salma Agha

text: Salma Agha was in a relationship in the 1980s with London-based businessman Ayaz Sipra. This relationship lasted many years, during which time Salma made her film debut, but it did not develop into marriage. She has been married three times. Her first husband was Javed Sheikh in the 1980s. She was then married to the squash player Rahmat Khan from 1989 to 2010 and they have two children together – Zara "Sasha" Agha Khan and Ali Agha Khan (Liaqat Ali Khan). In 2011, she married Manzar Shah, a Dubai-based businessman. She lives in Mumbai, where her daughter Sasha works in Bollywood films. In January 2017, she was granted Overseas Citizenship of India status by the Indian government.


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: La Cage aux Folles () is a musical with music and lyrics by Jerry Herman and a book by Harvey Fierstein.


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: Based on the 1973 French play of the same name by Jean Poiret, it tells the story of a gay couple, Georges, the manager of a Saint-Tropez nightclub featuring drag entertainment, and Albin, his romantic partner and star attraction, and the farcical adventures that ensue when Georges's son, Jean-Michel, brings home his fiancée's ultra-conservative parents to meet them. "La cage aux folles" literally means "the cage of crazy women". However, "folles" is also a slang term for effeminate homosexuals (queens).


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: Opening on Broadway in 1983 "La Cage" broke barriers for gay representation by becoming the first hit Broadway musical centered on a homosexual relationship. The show's Act One finale, "I Am What I Am", received praise as a "gay anthem" and has been widely recorded.


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: The original production ran for more than four years (1,761 performances), and won six Tony Awards, including Best Musical, Best Score and Best Book.


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: The success of the musical spawned a West End production and several international runs. The 2004 Broadway revival won the Tony Award for Best Revival, and the 2008 London revival garnered the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Musical Revival. The 2010 Broadway revival was nominated for eleven Tony Awards, winning the Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical. "La Cage aux Folles" is the first musical which has won the Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical twice and it has won a Best Musical Tony Award (Best Musical or Best Revival of a Musical) for each of its Broadway productions. The show has garnered five nominations for Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical from its three Broadway productions, twice for portrayers of Georges and three times for portrayers of Albin, winning the award twice (both for actors playing Albin).


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: Allan Carr, who had produced the successful film adaptation of "Grease" (1978), was eager to work in theatre and thought a musical version of the hit 1978 film "La Cage aux Folles" would be an ideal vehicle for his Broadway debut. However, he was unable to secure the rights to the film and was forced to settle for the rights to the original play only. Carr hired Jay Presson Allen to write the book and Maury Yeston to compose the score for "The Queen of Basin Street", an Americanized version set in New Orleans. With Mike Nichols set to direct and Tommy Tune on board as choreographer, Carr searched for executive producers and found them in Fritz Holt and Barry Brown, who immediately fired the entire creative team that Carr had assembled. All of them eventually filed lawsuits, but Yeston alone won and later collected a small royalty from "La Cage".


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: Holt and Brown had produced the 1974 revival of "" directed by Arthur Laurents, and they approached him with an offer to direct their new venture. Laurents was not a fan of drag or camp entertainment and thought Holt and Brown never would find enough investors to finance a gay-themed project at a time when, during the early years of the AIDS epidemic, homophobia was more intense than ever. He agreed only because Holt and Brown were close friends and he wanted them to remain on Carr's payroll as long as possible, but his interest grew when he learned Harvey Fierstein and Jerry Herman had committed to the project.


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: According to Laurents, when he met with Fierstein and Herman for the first time, they had restored both the title and locale of the original play but had neither a script nor even an outline for the plot. All they had was the Herman song "I Am What I Am", and Laurents immediately envisioned it as an emotional outburst sung at the close of the first act. Laurents further claims that when he explained his concept to Fierstein and Herman, he inspired the direction they took in writing the musical. Herman tells a very different story in an interview included in the original cast CD. He claims that they were well into the collaboration when Fierstein arrived one day with an emotional fiery scene he had written for the end of Act I that included the words "I am what I am". Delighted, Herman asked to use the five words, boasting he would have a song by morning, which he did. With gay-activist Fierstein and the political Laurents on board, the show could have "become a polemic diatribe on gay rights." However, Herman was a moderating influence. Having suffered a series of disappointments with darker-themed shows since 1969, he was eager to score a hit with a mainstream, emotional, optimistic song-and-dance entertainment that middle-class audiences would enjoy. The team opted to create "a charming, colorful, great-looking musical comedy - an old-fashioned piece of entertainment," as Herman recalled in his memoir "Showtune". By "delivering their sentiments in a sweetly entertaining manner", the team was able to convey their gay-themed message with more impact than they could have with a more aggressive approach.


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: Fierstein, Herman and Laurents met daily in Herman's Manhattan townhouse to work on the musical. Because they were limited to using only the Poiret play as a source, they were unable to include the character of Jean-Michel's birth mother, who had been created for the film. They focused the plot on the fact that the relationship of Georges and Albin seems so natural that the boy is able to accept a man as his "mother". The three men agreed that Albin needed to be as glamorous an entertainer as possible, and Theoni V. Aldredge was hired as costume designer to achieve their goal.


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: The producers agreed to a Boston tryout, and just before the second preview (the first was cancelled due to problems with the mechanized set), Herman had a panic attack prompted by his fear that the city probably was too conservative to embrace a gay-themed musical, albeit one designed for a mainstream audience. The Boston crowds gave the show an enthusiastic reception. Fierstein, Herman and Laurents were also concerned that this was essentially a love story in which the lovers barely touched each other. Fierstein suggested they kiss on the cheeks at the end, and Laurents, citing the common custom of French men kissing each other on both cheeks, agreed.


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: George Hearn as Albin had the showier role and many of the big musical numbers. His character was fully drawn, and behind the drag performer, the audience could see "a person driven to take a stand for himself – a notion that all people could relate to." In contrast, during rehearsals, everyone had supported firing Gene Barry, who was considered adequate but never outstanding as Georges, but finding a replacement proved to be difficult. Finally, just before opening night, Laurents directed him always to look into Hearn's eyes, whenever the two men were on stage, so the audience would sense the depth of the couple's feelings for each other. The director also had Georges introduce the various club acts with more of a flourish, "like an aria that will land like a musical number." Both of these last-minute stage directions enabled Barry to get a better grasp of his character. Barry went on to get a Tony nomination for Best Actor in a musical for his efforts, while co-star Hearn took home the trophy.


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: According to theatre historian John Kenrick, "La Cage aux Folles" helped make the 1983 Broadway season an especially strong one. He noted that following "La Cage" and "Big River" in 1985, for "the first time since "Oklahoma", a full decade would go by before a new American musical would pass the 1,000-performance mark."


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: Georges, the master of ceremonies, welcomes the audience to his St. Tropez drag nightclub, "La Cage aux Folles". The chorus line known as Les Cagelles appear and introduce themselves to the audience ("We Are What We Are"). Georges and his spouse, Albin, have lived happily together for many years in an apartment above La Cage with their "maid" Jacob. Albin is a drag queen and the star performer of La Cage aux Folles under the alias of "Zaza".


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: As Albin prepares to perform ("[A Little More] Mascara"), Georges's 24-year-old son Jean-Michel (the offspring of a confused, youthful liaison with a woman named Sybil) arrives home with the news that he is engaged to Anne Dindon. Georges is reluctant to approve of Jean-Michel's engagement, but Jean-Michel assures his father that he is in love with Anne ("With Anne on My Arm"). Unfortunately, her father is head of the "Tradition, Family and Morality Party", whose stated goal is to close the local drag clubs. Anne's parents want to meet their daughter's future in-laws. Jean-Michel has lied to his fiancée, describing Georges as a retired diplomat. Jean-Michel pleads with Georges to tell Albin to absent himself (and his flamboyant behaviors) for the visit - and for Georges to redecorate the apartment in a more subdued fashion. Jean-Michel also asks Georges to invite Sybil, who has barely seen him since his birth, to dinner in Albin's stead. Albin returns from the show to greet his son when Georges suggests that they take a walk ("With You on My Arm").


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: Georges takes Albin to the Promenade Café, owned by Monsieur and Madame Renaud, where he attempts to soften Albin's emotions before telling him of Jean-Michel's request ("Song on the Sand"). Before Georges can break the news to him, Albin suggests that they hurry back to La Cage to make it in time for the next show. They arrive in time and Albin takes the stage once more as Zaza ("La Cage aux Folles"). While Albin is performing, Georges and Jean-Michel quickly redecorate the house. While Albin is changing for his next number, he notices the two carrying his gowns and demands to know what is going on. Georges finally tells Albin of Jean-Michel's plan and expects Albin to explode with fury, but he remains silent. Albin then re-joins Les Cagelles onstage, tells them to leave, and begins to sing alone in defiance of Jean-Michel, stating that he is proud of who he is and refuses to change for anyone ("I Am What I Am"). He throws his wig at Georges and departs in a huff.


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: The next morning, Georges finds Albin at the Promenade Café after his abrupt departure and apologizes ("Song on the Sand [Reprise]"). He then suggests to Albin that he dress up for dinner as macho "Uncle Al". Albin is still upset, but reluctantly agrees to act like a heterosexual for Jean-Michel. With the help of Monsieur and Madame Renaud, Georges successfully teaches Albin to abandon his flamboyancy ("Masculinity"). Back at the chastely redesigned apartment, Georges shows "Uncle Al" to Jean-Michel. Jean-Michel doesn't like the idea and expresses his dislike for Albin's lifestyle. Georges angrily reminds Jean-Michel of how good of a "mother" Albin has been to him ("Look Over There"). They then receive a telegram that Jean-Michel's mother Sybil is not coming and Anne's parents arrive ("Dishes [Cocktail Counterpoint]"). Hoping to save the day, Albin appears as Jean-Michel's buxom, forty-year-old mother, in pearls and sensible shoes. The nervous Jacob burns the dinner, so a trip to a local restaurant, "Chez Jacqueline", belonging to an old friend of Albin and Georges, is quickly arranged. No one has told Jacqueline of the situation, and she asks Albin (as Zaza) for a song, to which he hesitantly agrees ("The Best of Times"). Everyone in the restaurant begins to take part in the song, causing Albin to yield to the frenzy of performance and tear off his wig at the song's climax, revealing his true identity.


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: Back at the apartment, the Dindons plead with their daughter to abandon her fiancé, for they are appalled by his homosexual parents, but she is in love with Jean-Michel and refuses to leave him. Jean-Michel, deeply ashamed of the way he has treated Albin, asks his forgiveness ("Look Over There [Reprise]"), which is lovingly granted. The Dindons prepare to depart, but their way is blocked by Jacqueline, who has arrived with the press, ready to photograph the notorious anti-homosexual activists with Zaza. Georges and Albin have a proposal: If Anne and Jean-Michel may marry, Georges will help the Dindons escape through La Cage downstairs. Georges bids the audience farewell while Les Cagelles prepare the Dindons for the grand finale ("La Cage aux Folles [Reprise]"). Georges then introduces the Dindons, dressed in drag as members of the nightclub's revue, and they escape the paparazzi with Jean-Michel and Anne behind them. With everyone gone, Albin enters and he and Georges briefly sing of their love for each other before sharing a kiss ("Finale [With You On My Arm/La Cage aux Folles/Song on the Sand/The Best Of Times]").


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: "La Cage aux Folles" opened on Broadway at the Palace Theatre on August 21, 1983. It was directed by Arthur Laurents and choreographed by Scott Salmon, with set design by David Mitchell, costume design by Theoni V. Aldredge, and lighting design by Jules Fisher. The original Broadway cast included Gene Barry as Georges and George Hearn as Albin, with John Weiner as Jean-Michel, Jay Garner as Edouard Dindon, Merle Louise as Mme. Dindon, Elizabeth Parrish as Jacqueline, Leslie Stevens as Anne, and William Thomas Jr. as Jacob. Among the replacement performers who appeared in "La Cage aux Folles" during its original Broadway run were Walter Charles, Keene Curtis, Van Johnson, Peter Marshall, Keith Michell, Jamie Ross and Lee Roy Reams. The original production received nine Tony Award nominations, winning a total of six including Best Musical, Best Original Score and Best Book of a Musical. The show beat several strong competitors in many categories, including Stephen Sondheim's "Sunday in the Park with George". It also won three Drama Desk Awards. The production ran for four years and 1,761 performances, closing on November 15, 1987.


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: The show had its West End premiere at the London Palladium on May 7, 1986, with the same creative team as the Broadway production. Hearn transferred with the production, which was made possible through an agreement with the American and British actors' unions, allowing him to come over in exchange for Robert Lindsay appearing in "Me and My Girl" on Broadway. The production also starred Denis Quilley as Georges, Jonathon Morris as Jean-Michel, Brian Glover as Edouard Dindon, Julia Sutton as Mme. Dindon, Phyllida Law as Jacqueline, Wendy Roe as Anne and Donald Waugh as Jacob. The show closed in London after 301 performances. Its short run and financial failure were partly blamed on the AIDS crisis, and producers were uncomfortable about portraying gay lives onstage quite so openly in mainstream musicals for some time afterwards.


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: The first Broadway revival opened at the Marquis Theatre, beginning previews on November 11, 2004, with an official opening on December 9, 2004. The production team included Jerry Zaks as director, Jerry Mitchell as choreographer, Scott Pask, Donald Holder and William Ivey Long as designers. The cast included Gary Beach as Albin, Daniel Davis as Georges, Gavin Creel as Jean-Michel, Michael Mulheren as Edouard Dindon, Linda Balgord as Mme. Dindon, Ruth Williamson as Jacqueline, Angela Gaylor as Anne, and Michael Benjamin Washington as Jacob.


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: John Hillner took over for Davis as Georges in March on 2005 until Robert Goulet replaced Davis as Georges on April 15, 2005, and played the role until the production closed. Reviews for the production were mixed, with "The New York Times" stating that it "often gives the impression of merely going through the motions, amiably but robotically, of its gag-laden, sentimental plot", yet praised Les Cagelles, who "bring acrobatic oomph and angularity to centerpieces that include an aviary of exotic, back-flipping birds and a vigorous Montmartre-style can-can. As long as the Cagelles are doing their thing, your attention stays thoroughly engaged". The revival won a number of Tony and Drama Desk awards. The production closed on June 26, 2005. Ticket sales for the show had not increased after winning the Tony Award, and the show had been consistently selling at less than 60% capacity in the months before closing.


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: A scaled-down London revival, starring Philip Quast and Douglas Hodge opened at the Menier Chocolate Factory on January 8, 2008, and played there until March 8, 2008. The cast also included Neil McDermott, Iain Mitchell and Una Stubbs, with direction by Terry Johnson and choreography by Lynne Page. The production had originally been scheduled to open in December 2007, but it was delayed twice due to illness within the cast. The show opened to mostly positive press with particular praise for Hodge's performance as Albin.


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: The Menier Chocolate Factory production transferred to the West End on October 20, 2008, at the Playhouse Theatre co-produced with Sonia Friedman Productions, Robert G. Bartner, David Ian Productions, The Ambassador Theatre Group, Matthew Mitchell and Jamie Hendry Productions. It was initially advertised as a "Strictly Limited 12 Week Season", although this became open-ended due to its success. Hodge reprised his role as Albin, joined by Denis Lawson as Georges. The cast also included Iain Mitchell as Edouard Dindon/M. Renaud, Paula Wilcox as Mme. Ranaud/Mme. Dindon and Tracie Bennett as Jacqueline. The production gathered rave reviews, with high praise again for Hodge and Les Cagelles. Whatsonstage.com commented: "A great Broadway show has been reborn as a classic musical comedy with real punch and pizzazz." Michael Billington of "The Guardian" reported that the show had improved with its transfer to the West End from the Menier Chocolate Factory. The production won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Musical Revival, and Hodge won for Best Actor, out of a total of seven nominations. The roles of Albin and Georges have been re-cast in London every three months with well-known actors to keep the production fresh and public interest high. Television personality Graham Norton took over the role of Albin on January 19, 2009, alongside Steven Pacey as Georges. They were succeeded on May 4, 2009, by theatre veterans Roger Allam as Albin and Philip Quast reprising his role of Georges from the Menier Chocolate Factory. From September 12, 2009, until November 28, 2009, John Barrowman and Simon Burke played the roles of Albin and Georges respectively. Douglas Hodge as Albin and Denis Lawson as Georges returned to the production from 30 November 2009, until the production closed on January 2, 2010.


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: A transfer of the 2008 London revival to Broadway began previews at the Longacre Theatre on April 6, 2010, and officially opened on April 18, 2010. Johnson and Page directed and choreographed. Douglas Hodge reprised the role of Albin and Kelsey Grammer starred as Georges. The set design was by Tim Shortall, costumes by Matthew Wright, lighting by Nick Richings, and scaled down eight-player orchestrations by Jason Carr. The production received positive reviews, many praising the scaled-down nature of the production and the performances of newcomers Douglas Hodge and Kelsey Grammer as Albin and Georges. The cast also featured A.J Shively in his Broadway debut as Jean-Michel, Robin de Jesús as Jacob, Fred Applegate as Edouard Dindon/M. Renaud, Veanne Cox as Mme. Dindon/Mme. Renaud, Christine Andreas as Jacqueline and Elena Shaddow as Anne. The Cagelles included Nick Adams, Logan Keslar, Sean Patrick Doyle, Nicholas Cunningham, Terry Lavell and Yurel Echezarreta. The production received 11 Tony Award nominations and won Best Musical Revival, Best Actor in a Musical (Douglas Hodge) and Best Direction of a Musical. A cast recording of the revival was made by PS Classics and was released on September 28, 2010. The production closed on May 1, 2011, after 433 performances and 15 previews.


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: A national tour modeled after the 2010 Broadway revival began in September 2011 starting in Des Moines, Iowa. At first, Fierstein was asked to play the role of Georges and Sieber was asked to play the role of Albin, each taking the role the other had played on Broadway. Due to a full schedule, being set to write the book of the Disney musical "Newsies" and the musical "Kinky Boots", Fierstein had to decline this offer. This tour starred George Hamilton in the role of Georges and Sieber as Albin. This was Sieber's national tour debut.


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: A UK tour produced by Bill Kenwright began on 5 January 2017 at the New Theatre, Oxford. The cast included John Partridge as Albin, Adrian Zmed as Georges and Marti Webb as Jacqueline. Martin Connor directed the production, with choreography by Bill Deamer, design by Gary McCann and musical direction by Mark Crossland. This production was the first to tour the UK.


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: A revival will open at the Regent's Park Open Air Theatre from 29 July running until 16 September 2023. It will be directed by the venue's artistic director Timothy Sheader.


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: There are currently four cast recordings available for the show: the Original Broadway cast, the German cast, the Original Australian cast and the 2010 Broadway revival cast. No recording was made for the 2004 revival.


title: La Cage aux Folles (musical)

text: Albin's Act I finale number, "I Am What I Am", was recorded by Gloria Gaynor and proved to be one of her biggest hits. It was also recorded by other artists, including Shirley Bassey, Tony Bennett, Pia Zadora, and John Barrowman. It also became a rallying cry of the Gay Pride movement.


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: Dumb Ways To Die is an Australian public campaign made by Metro Trains in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, to promote railway safety.


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: On 1 October 2021, PlaySide Studios acquired the Dumb Ways to Die franchise for $2.25 million from Metro. Playside Studios also released an NFT called BEANS on 3 February 2022. The campaign video went viral on social media after it was released in November 2012. The campaign's animation was developed into an app available to iOS devices.


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: The campaign was devised by advertising agency McCann Melbourne. It appeared in newspapers, local radio and outdoor advertising throughout the Metro Trains network and on Tumblr. John Mescall, executive creative director of McCann, said "The aim of this campaign is to engage an audience that really doesn't want to hear any kind of safety message, and we think dumb ways to die will." McCann estimated that within two weeks, it had generated at least $50 million worth of global media value in addition to more than 700 media stories, for "a fraction of the cost of one TV ad". According to Metro Trains, the campaign contributed to a more than 30% reduction in "near-miss" accidents, from 13.29 near-misses per million kilometres in November 2011 – January 2012, to 9.17 near-misses per million kilometres in November 2012 – January 2013.


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: The video was art directed by Patrick Baron, animated by Julian Frost and produced by Cinnamon Darvall. It was uploaded to YouTube on 14 November 2012 and made public two days later. It featured characters with punny names such as "Numpty," "Hapless," "Pillock" and "Dippy" (the first four beans in the song, listed in order of appearance) killing themselves with stupidity. The animated video has two versions, an English one and a Spanish one.


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: The song "Dumb Ways to Die" from the video was written by John Mescall and co created with Patrick Baron, music by Ollie McGill from The Cat Empire, who also produced it. It was performed by Emily Lubitz, the lead vocalist of Tinpan Orange, with McGill providing backing vocals. The band on the recording consists of Gavin Pearce on Bass, Danny Farrugia on drums and Brett Wood on guitar. It was released on iTunes, attributed to the artist "Tangerine Kitty" (a reference to Tinpan Orange and The Cat Empire).


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: On 6 May 2013, Metro released a "Dumb Ways to Die" game as an app for iOS devices. The game, developed by Julian Frost, Patrick Baron and Samuel Baird, invites players to avoid the dangerous activities engaged in by the various characters featured throughout the campaign. Within the app, players can also pledge to "not do dumb stuff around trains." The activities include things like getting toast out with a fork and poking a stick at a grizzly bear.


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: The game is similar to games in the "WarioWare" series. The game presents minigames based on the animated music video in rapid succession and becomes faster and more difficult the longer the game is played.


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: A sequel titled "Dumb Ways to Die 2: The Games" was released on 18 November 2014. In the sequel, there are a lot more varieties of challenges in each particular building, and each building has a particular theme. Before a train arrives at a building, the player plays a challenge to counter something related to trains. If successful, bonus points can be earned at the end of the game. There are 8 challenges each in every building. Like the original game, the game's characters do plenty of dangerous and unsafe activities. Lives can be lost by "dying" in one of the activities. The player has three chances to prevent the characters from dying.


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: The game is recently also available as a web and mobile-web version by MarketJS, license holder of the HTML5 web IP.


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: A second sequel titled "Dumb Ways to Die 3: World Tour" was released on 21 December 2017. Unlike the previous games which both involved the player playing minigames and trying to prevent the characters from dying, here the player collects coins from houses that are fixed up from being initially broken. The houses are fixed by the player playing a new minigame for each area containing those houses.


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: A spinoff was also released, titled "Dumb Ways to Draw" on 5 May 2019. In the game, the player has to draw lines with in-game pens to guide the characters to their goals. But they also have to prevent the characters' deaths by dangers. It also had a colouring section to colour and share drawings as well as a "trace the picture" section, in which the player is required to hold the screen till a line of sufficient length is drawn to trace the given diagram. The sequel titled Dumb Ways to Draw 2 will be released in 2023.


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: Another spinoff, titled "Dumb Ways to Dash" was released on 13 December 2019. The player has to guide their character in a 3D race against other characters to the finish line while avoiding the obstacles.


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: A third spinoff, titled "Dumb Ways to Die: Superheroes" was released on 25 June 2020. It has similar gameplay to the previous spinoff.


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: The Metro Trains has also published a number of other videos on its YouTube channel, "Dumb Ways to Die", including the trailers of the second game, a video centered on the MIFF, a series of Christmas-themed short videos, Halloween-themed videos, and some other videos centered on Train Safety.


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: Susie O'Brien in the "Herald Sun" in Melbourne criticised the ad for trivialising serious injuries and being about advertisers' ego rather than effective safety messages.


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: Simon Crerar of the "Herald Sun" wrote that the song's "catchy chorus was the most arresting hook since PSY's Gangnam Style." Alice Clarke writing in the "Herald Sun" described the video as "adorably morbid" and wrote that Victoria's public transport "broke its long running streak of terrible ads".


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: Daisy Dumas of the "Sydney Morning Herald" described it as "darkly cute — and irksomely catchy" and the chorus as "instant earworm material".


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: Michelle Starr of CNET described the campaign as the Darwin Awards meets "The Gashlycrumb Tinies" and the song as "a cutesy indie-pop hit in the style of Feist".


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: Logan Booker of Gizmodo described it as "taking a page out of the "Happy Tree Friends" book and mixing cute with horrifying".


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: Karen Stocks of YouTube Australia said the video was unusual due to the high number of views from mobile devices. Stocks attributed the success to "A snappy headline. A catchy tune that gets stuck in your head. And a message that is easy to understand and perfectly targeted."


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: Arlene Paredes of the "International Business Times" said the video was "brilliant in getting viewers' attention" and "arguably one of the cutest PSAs ever made."


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: The campaign received some criticism on the basis that suicide is one of the most influential causes of rail trauma, and the ad reinforces deadly trains as a possible suicide method. Writing in Mumbrella in February 2013, a former employee of Victoria's Department of Infrastructure advised critical thinking when evaluating claims made regarding improvements to safety. Reference was made specifically to the claimed 20 percent reduction in risky behavior as being "social media bullshit".


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: In February 2013, Artemy Lebedev's blog was censored by Roskomnadzor, the Russian government agency in charge of Internet censorship, for including the video. Later that day, the YouTube video was also censored, with the "This content is not available in your country due to a legal complaint from the government" message. The official takedown notice sent to Livejournal.com was quoted, in part, by Lebedev in his blog.


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: The song's lyrics contains a description of different ways of committing suicide, such as: using drugs beyond their expiration date, standing on an edge of a platform, running across the rails, eating superglue and other. The animated personages demonstrate dangerous ways of suicide in attractive for children and teenagers comic format. The lines such as "Use a clothes dryer as a hiding place” and “I wonder what’s this red button do?" contain an incitement to commit those acts.


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: Despite this, the video was still included into the ABC Show and was shown in more than 50 cities across Russia.


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: The campaign won seven Webby Awards in 2013 including the Best Animation Film & Video and Best Public Service & Activism (Social Content & Marketing).


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: It won three Siren Awards, run by Commercial Radio Australia, including the Gold Siren for best advertisement of the year and Silver Sirens for the best song and best campaign.


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: The public service announcement was awarded the Grand Trophy in the 2013 New York Festivals International Advertising Awards.


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: In June 2013, the campaign clip won the Integrated Grand Prix at the Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity, and overall, won five Grand Prix awards, 18 Gold Lions, three Silver Lions, and two Bronze Lions, which was the most for the campaign in the festival's history.


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: Within two weeks, the video had spawned over 85 parodies. Some renditions and parodies have been featured in national and international media:


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: Due to their success, the Dumb Ways to Die characters have been featured in a promotional campaign for Empire Life Insurance, with their key message being, "the dumbest way to die is without life insurance." However, the campaign was met with mixed reviews, with some advertising critics accusing Metro of "selling out" on a successful campaign.


title: Dumb Ways to Die

text: On 17 October 2014, the Dumb Ways to Die website was revamped to tease a new installment of the campaign. Slated for release in November 2014, the games take on a more sporting, athletic, and fitness theme, and is labelled "Dumb Ways to Die 2: The Games" and was released November 18. On December 21st, 2017, Dumb Ways to Die 3: World Tour was released. Other prominent spin-offs include Dumb Ways to Die: Wire Walk for Apple TV, Dumb Ways to Die JR, Dumb Ways To Draw, and Dumb Ways To Dash! In 2022, Dumb Ways To Die 4 was announced, but was delayed to 2023, which was announced in the 10 year anniversary video for the series. In that same announcement on December 13th, 2022, A new game called BEANLAND was announced, as well as a sequel to one of the other spin-offs, Dumb Ways To Draw.


title: İbrahim Tatlıses

text: İbrahim Tatlıses (born İbrahim Tatlı in 1952) is a Turkish folk singer and former actor. Since the 1970s he has been one of the best-known and most successful singers of the pop "Arabesk" style. Tatlıses has recorded 42 albums, including notable albums such as "Ayağında Kundura" and "Selam Olsun" and was the host of the highly popular television programme "İbo Show". He was also a leading actor that appeared in several dozen films, and also has had many business ventures.


title: İbrahim Tatlıses

text: İbrahim Tatlı was born in Urfa, Turkey to an Arab father and Kurdish mother. His mother tongue is Kurdish and Arabic. He lost his father during childhood and did not attend high school. He did not know how to read or write growing up.


title: İbrahim Tatlıses

text: İbrahim Tatlıses is often regarded as one of the best-known singers of Turkey, being so famous that he has the nicknames "İbo" and "İmparator". He has had a critically acclaimed and illustrious music career in genres such as Turkish folk music and Arabesk, beginning in 1970 at the age of 18 with his first tape "Kara Kız/Beni Yakma Gel Güzelim". He sold tapes and sang at weddings/restaurants until a producer discovered him in 1976. The following year his album Ayağında Kundura, featuring songs such as "Ayağında Kundura", "İndim Gülüm Bağına" and "Kırmızı Kurdele", was a smash hit and propelled him to fame. Some of his earlier songs have Kurdish origin and were translated into Turkish. From then on, the hit albums came one after another, such as the 1983 album "Yalan",


title: İbrahim Tatlıses

text: the 1985 album "Mavi Mavi", and the 1987 album "Allah Allah". He has recorded a total of 42 albums from 1970 to 2014.


title: İbrahim Tatlıses

text: İbrahim Tatlıses has appeared in a total of 37 movies/TV shows, beginning in 1978 with "Sabuha". In Turkey, well-known singers star in movies with the same name as the album they recently released, and thus the movies include songs from said albums. This is also seen in the 1975 "Ayağında Kundura", its namesake being his smash-hit album. From there he appeared in numerous movies in the 1980s and 1990s, further cementing his colossal fame as the most famous singer and a quite well-known actor in Turkey. Aside from the cinema industry, Tatlıses hosted the critically acclaimed and highly successful İbo Show, which aired from 1993 to 2011. It was one of the most-watched and loved shows in Turkey.


title: İbrahim Tatlıses

text: Tatlıses married his first wife, Adalet Sara, in Urfa. The couple had three children, a son named Ahmet Salim, and two daughters named Gülşen Sara and Gülden Ferrah. In 1979, he began a relationship with his "Kara Yazma" co-star Perihan Savaş. From his marriage to Savaş, he has a daughter named Melek Zübeyde. Savaş and Tatlıses later got divorced. In 1984, it was reported in the media that claims were made by Savaş that she was beaten for seven hours after being kidnapped by İbrahim Tatlıses, following which she applied to the prosecutor's office and asked for his arrest. Tatlıses said in his interrogation by the police, "Savaş is the mother of my child. To let her wander around would make it feel beneath me." From his relationship with his "Günah" co-star, Derya Tuna, he has a son, named İbrahim "İdo" Tatlıses.


title: İbrahim Tatlıses

text: After returning from Germany, Tatlıses married Ayşegül Yıldız on 27 September 2011 in the rehabilitation facility where he was receiving treatment. Mayor of Şişli Mustafa Sarıgül officiated the marriage service, while Fatih Terim was the witness. Together the couple had a daughter, named Elif Ada. They divorced in November 2013.


title: İbrahim Tatlıses

text: From his relationship with Işıl Çıtak, Tatlıses had a daughter named Dilan Çıtak, who was born in 1989. He acknowledged and accepted her as his child in 2013. In 2021, he announced his relationship with Gülçin Karakaya, who is 43 years his junior.


title: İbrahim Tatlıses

text: On 14 March 2011, he was attacked and seriously wounded in the head. At 00:30 local time, he and his spokeswoman Buket Çakıcı were shot at by unknown assailants after leaving the offices of the private Turkish channel Beyaz TV following his weekly television show. As they entered their vehicle, Tatlises was hit with a bullet that entered the back of his skull and exited through the front. Çakıcı was also hit in the neck, but survived the attack. The perpetrators carried Kalashnikov rifles and escaped in a black car. He was taken to the Acıbadem Hospital in Istanbul for emergency treatment. He underwent a four-hour operation to have the bullet removed, after which he was in stable condition. He regained consciousness five days later. After a week, the doctors announced that he was recovering well. Turkey's Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan visited him and also announced that he was recovering well. The police in Turkey arrested around 20 people involved in the attack. On April 7, Tatlıses left Acıbadem Hospital with a police escort and travelled to Atatürk International Airport, where he was boarded the Ministry of Health's Hawker 900XP air ambulance for Germany, to receive intensive rehabilitation at the Murnau Trauma Clinic.


title: İbrahim Tatlıses

text: His son Ahmet Tatlises applied to the court because, he thought that his father was not mentally healthy. Applied to the court Appoint Of Guardian


title: İbrahim Tatlıses

text: Tatlıses is involved in the restaurant and tourism businesses, as well as in construction projects with business partner Ali Sariyildiz in Iraq.


title: İbrahim Tatlıses

text: In the 1980s the Turkish government had banned the use of Kurdish; at a concert in Sweden in December 1986, he had sung folk songs in Kurdish and was thus prosecuted for separatist propaganda, but found not guilty in 1987. The charge was dismissed after he showed regret. In 1988, he was asked by businessman Mehmet Yılmaz at a cultural festival in Uşak to sing a Kurdish folk song, but refused, saying "I am a Kurd, but the laws ban me from singing in Kurdish". For this, he was indicted on September 19, 1988.


title: İbrahim Tatlıses

text: In 1994 there was evidence that Turkish counter-guerrilla organizations targeted Kurdish businessmen, including Tatlıses, İdris Ozbir, Halis Toprak, and Necdet Ulucan. In 1998 it was reported that Tatlıses offered to be an intermediary between the government and the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) during the armed conflict. He recorded a song with Iranian Kurdish musician Abdollah Alijani Ardeshir.


title: Dilsher Shanky

text: Gurvinder Singh Malhotra (born 19 June 1991) is an Indian professional wrestler better known by the ring name Dilsher Shanky. He is currently signed to WWE, where he performs on the SmackDown brand under the ring name Shanky.


title: Dilsher Shanky

text: Gurvinder was born to Sardar Narendra Singh and Narendra Kaur in 1991 in Jagadhri, Haryana, India. He pursued B.Com from Maharaja Agrasen College and worked as an accountant in Maharishi Markandeshwar University in Mullana, Haryana, India. He saw The Great Khali talking about his new academy, Continental Wrestling Entertainment at the 164th episode of "Comedy Nights with Kapil" on 24 June 2015 and thus he decided to join CWE the same year.


title: Dilsher Shanky

text: Malhotra is a Sikh. He is the only son of his father and mother. His father, Sardar Narendra Singh, who is tall, is a factory supervisor. His mother, Narendra Kaur, who is tall, is a housewife. He is personally unhappy with his ring-name, Shanky Singh. According to the "Hindustan Times", his early training in CWE was so hard for him that he "usually cried in the bathroom".


title: Dilsher Shanky

text: At the age of 24, Malhotra joined Continental Wrestling Entertainment (CWE) in 2015. He was officially announced as a CWE Superstar named Shanky Singh on 21 June 2016 through the official YouTube channel of CWE. On 22 March 2017, he announced that he was being selected for the WWE tryouts in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. During his time in CWE, he won the Heavyweight title twice.


title: Dilsher Shanky

text: Malhotra travelled to Dubai, United Arab Emirates in March 2017 where he took part in a five-day audition for WWE tryout and was selected to participate in the tryout. In November 2017, Malhotra attended another WWE tryout in Jalandhar, Punjab, India. On 29 January 2020, WWE announced the signings of three Indian trainees, including Malhotra. At Superstar Spectacle on 22 January 2021, Malhotra, under the ring name Dilsher Shanky, teamed with Giant Zanjeer, Rey Mysterio, and Ricochet to defeat Cesaro, Dolph Ziggler, King Corbin, and Shinsuke Nakamura in an eight-man tag-team match. On 10 May episode of "Raw", Shanky, along with Veer, would align themselves with Jinder Mahal. As part of the 2021 Draft, both Shanky and Mahal were drafted to the SmackDown brand while Veer remained on the Raw brand, ending their alliance with Veer.


title: Dilsher Shanky

text: On the 1 April 2022 episode of "SmackDown", Shanky participated in the annual André the Giant Memorial Battle Royal match. During the match, Shanky momentarily teamed up with Commander Azeez, with both the men eliminated The Viking Raiders in joint efforts before all of the remaining participants ganged up on both Shanky and Azeez, eliminating both the men together. On the 29 April episode of "SmackDown", Shanky faced Intercontinental Champion Ricochet in a title match, but was unsuccessful. Beginning on the 27 May episode of "SmackDown", Shanky began dancing before and after his matches, possibly teasing a face turn. Shanky has been unseen on WWE programming since July, when Triple H took over creative.


title: Crucifix

text: A crucifix (from Latin "cruci fixus" meaning "(one) fixed to a cross") is a cross with an image of Jesus on it, as distinct from a bare cross. The representation of Jesus himself on the cross is referred to in English as the "corpus" (Latin for "body").


title: Crucifix

text: The crucifix is a principal symbol for many groups of Christians, and one of the most common forms of the Crucifixion in the arts. It is especially important in the Roman Rite of the Roman Catholic Church, but is also used in the Eastern Orthodox Church, most Oriental Orthodox Churches (except the Armenian & Syriac Church), and the Eastern Catholic Churches, as well as by the Lutheran, Moravian and Anglican Churches. The symbol is less common in churches of other Protestant denominations, and in the Assyrian Church of the East and Armenian Apostolic Church, which prefer to use a cross without the figure of Jesus (the "corpus"). The crucifix emphasizes Jesus' sacrifice—his death by crucifixion, which Christians believe brought about the redemption of humankind. Most crucifixes portray Jesus on a Latin cross, rather than any other shape, such as a Tau cross or a Coptic cross.


title: Crucifix

text: Roman Catholics see the crucifix as the perfect fulfillment of that inferred by the serpent created by Moses in Numbers 21:8—9, called the Nehushtan. It was promised that those sinners who looked upon the Nehushtan would be healed. The section of Numbers about the Nehushtan is one of the readings on Exaltation of the Cross that occurs on September 14 in the Roman Catholic Church. It is paired with John 3:14, 15 as the gospel reading. Taken together, these readings explain the striking front and center position of a large crucifix normally fixed above or behind a Catholic altar.


title: Crucifix

text: Western crucifixes usually have a three-dimensional "corpus", but in Eastern Orthodoxy Jesus' body is normally painted on the cross, or in low relief. Strictly speaking, to be a crucifix, the cross must be three-dimensional, but this distinction is not always observed. An entire painting of the Crucifixion of Jesus including a landscape background and other figures is not a crucifix either.


title: Crucifix

text: Large crucifixes high across the central axis of a church are known by the Old English term rood. By the Late Middle Ages these were a near-universal feature of Western churches, but they are now very rare. Modern Roman Catholic churches and many Lutheran churches often have a crucifix above the altar on the wall; for the celebration of Mass, the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church requires that "on or close to the altar there is to be a cross with a figure of Christ crucified".


title: Crucifix

text: The standard, four-pointed Latin crucifix consists of an upright post or "stipes" and a single crosspiece to which the sufferer's arms were nailed. There may also be a short projecting nameplate, showing the letters INRI (Greek: INBI). The Russian Orthodox crucifix usually has an additional third crossbar, to which the feet are nailed, and which is angled upward toward the penitent thief Saint Dismas (to the viewer's left) and downward toward the impenitent thief Gestas (to the viewer's right). The corpus of Eastern crucifixes is normally a two-dimensional or low relief icon that shows Jesus as already dead, his face peaceful and somber. They are rarely three-dimensional figures as in the Western tradition, although these may be found where Western influences are strong, but are more typically icons painted on a piece of wood shaped to include the double-barred cross and perhaps the edge of Christ's hips and halo, and no background. More sculptural small crucifixes in metal relief are also used in Orthodoxy (see gallery examples), including as pectoral crosses and blessing crosses.