title: Hardness

text: The way to inhibit the movement of planes of atoms, and thus make them harder, involves the interaction of dislocations with each other and interstitial atoms. When a dislocation intersects with a second dislocation, it can no longer traverse through the crystal lattice. The intersection of dislocations creates an anchor point and does not allow the planes of atoms to continue to slip over one another A dislocation can also be anchored by the interaction with interstitial atoms. If a dislocation comes in contact with two or more interstitial atoms, the slip of the planes will again be disrupted. The interstitial atoms create anchor points, or pinning points, in the same manner as intersecting dislocations.


title: Hardness

text: By varying the presence of interstitial atoms and the density of dislocations, a particular metal's hardness can be controlled. Although seemingly counter-intuitive, as the density of dislocations increases, there are more intersections created and consequently more anchor points. Similarly, as more interstitial atoms are added, more pinning points that impede the movements of dislocations are formed. As a result, the more anchor points added, the harder the material will become.


title: Hardness

text: Careful note should be taken of the relationship between a hardness number and the stress-strain curve exhibited by the material. The latter, which is conventionally obtained via tensile testing, captures the full plasticity response of the material (which is in most cases a metal). It is in fact a dependence of the (true) von Mises plastic strain on the (true) von Mises stress, but this is readily obtained from a nominal stress – nominal strain curve (in the pre-necking regime), which is the immediate outcome of a tensile test. This relationship can be used to describe how the material will respond to almost any loading situation, often by using the Finite Element Method (FEM). This applies to the outcome of an indentation test (with a given size and shape of indenter, and a given applied load).


title: Hardness

text: However, while a hardness number thus depends on the stress-strain relationship, inferring the latter from the former is far from simple and is not attempted in any rigorous way during conventional hardness testing. (In fact, the Indentation Plastometry technique, which involves iterative FEM modelling of an indentation test, does allow a stress-strain curve to be obtained via indentation, but this is outside the scope of conventional hardness testing.) A hardness number is just a semi-quantitative indicator of the resistance to plastic deformation. Although hardness is defined in a similar way for most types of test – usually as the load divided by the contact area – the numbers obtained for a particular material are different for different types of test, and even for the same test with different applied loads. Attempts are sometimes made to identify simple analytical expressions that allow features of the stress-strain curve, particularly the yield stress and Ultimate Tensile Stress (UTS), to be obtained from a particular type of hardness number. However, these are all based on empirical correlations, often specific to particular types of alloy: even with such a limitation, the values obtained are often quite unreliable. The underlying problem is that metals with a range of combinations of yield stress and work hardening characteristics can exhibit the same hardness number. The use of hardness numbers for any quantitative purpose should, at best, be approached with considerable caution.


title: Polish Haitians

text: Polish Haitians ( or "La Pologne") are Haitian people of Polish ancestry dating to the early 19th century; a few may be Poles of more recent native birth who have gained Haitian citizenship. Cazale, a small village in the hills about 45 miles away from Port-au-Prince, is considered the main center of population of the ethnic Polish community in Haiti, but there are other villages as well. Cazale has descendants of surviving members of Napoleon's Polish Legionnaires which were forced into combat by Napoleon but later joined the Haitian slaves during the Haitian Revolution. Some 400 to 500 of these Poles are believed to have settled in Haiti after the war. They were given special status as "Noir" (legally considered to be black, not white despite actual race) by Jean-Jacques Dessalines, governor-general and emperor, and full citizenship under the Haitian constitution.


title: Polish Haitians

text: In 1802, Napoleon dispatched a Polish legion of around 5,200 men to join the French forces in Saint-Domingue to suppress the Haitian slave rebellion. The Poles may have been hoping to receive French support in restoring Poland's independence from its partitioners and oppressors – Prussia (later Germany), Russia, and Austria – who divided the country in the late 18th century. Some were told that there was a revolt of prisoners in Saint-Domingue. After they arrived and began to be thrown into battle, the Polish platoon learned that the French were trying to suppress an uprising by enslaved Africans fighting for their freedom from white masters.


title: Polish Haitians

text: Both French and Polish soldiers had high mortality, with more dying because of yellow fever than being killed in warfare. Surviving Polish soldiers admired their opponents, and eventually turned on the French army and joined the rebelling Haitians. Those of the Polish soldiers who remained alongside the French, intentionally did not follow the orders properly and refused to murder the captured prisoners. Władysław Franciszek Jabłonowski, who was half-black, was one of the Polish generals but died soon after reaching Saint-Domingue. Polish soldiers are credited with contributing to the establishment of the world's first free black republic and the first independent Caribbean state.


title: Polish Haitians

text: After Haiti gained its independence, Dessalines recognized the Poles and spared them when he ordered the massacre of most French whites and many free people of color (mulattos) on the island. He granted the Poles classification as "Noir" (black), who constituted the new ruling class, and in the constitution granted them full Haitian citizenship. Cazale became a center of their community. Descendants of Polish-Haitians were peasants like the great majority of most of the residents on the island. Cazale was sometimes called "home of Zalewski", as many locals believed that was the source of the name. "Zalewski" is a common name, and the Haitian Creole word for home () may also have been part of its history.


title: Polish Haitians

text: Haiti's first head of state Jean-Jacques Dessalines called Polish people ""the White Negroes of Europe"", which was then regarded a great honour, as it meant brotherhood between Poles and Haitians.


title: Polish Haitians

text: About 160 years later, in the mid-20th century, François Duvalier, the president of Haiti who was known for his black nationalist and Pan-African views, used the same concept of ""European white Negroes"" while referring to Polish people and glorifying their patriotism.


title: Polish Haitians

text: In 1983, Pope John Paul II visited Haiti. He mentioned how the Polish contributed to the slave rebellion leading to Haiti's independence. Jean-Claude Duvalier, the son of Papa Doc and his successor, ordered Polish Haitians to be selected to attend the various ceremonies planned for the Pope's visit and to wear "traditional clothes". Most wore their Sunday best.


title: Polish Haitians

text: One of the most revered Polish religious symbols is the icon named the Black Madonna of Częstochowa. It is thought to have been absorbed by Haitian Voodoo as Erzulie, or Ezili Dantor. This image of a black Virgin Mary holding the dark-skinned Infant Jesus influenced the vision of one of the Haitian Loa spirits. It is thought that Polish soldiers may have carried her image to Saint-Domingue.


title: Polish Haitians

text: To this day, Polish Haitians are mixed race and often identified by such European features as blonde or lighter and straighter hair, light eyes, and facial features. Of course, there were other Europeans on the island, including some who arrived after the war. Initially most Poles settled in Cazale, La Vallée-de-Jacmel, Fond-des-Blancs, La Baleine, Port-Salut and Saint-Jean-du-Sud, where they lived as peasants, along with their Haitian wives and families.


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: Walnut Creek is a city in Contra Costa County, California, United States, located in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, about east of the city of Oakland. With a total population of 70,127 per the 2020 census, Walnut Creek serves as a vibrant hub for its neighboring cities because of its location at the junction of the highways from Sacramento and San Jose (I-680) and San Francisco/Oakland (SR-24), and its accessibility by BART. Its active downtown neighborhood features hundred-year-old buildings and extensive high-end retail establishments. The city shares its borders with Clayton, Lafayette, Alamo, Pleasant Hill, and Concord.


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: There are three bands of Bay Miwok Native Americans associated with the area of Walnut Creek (the stream for which the city is named): the "Saclan", whose territory extended through the hills east of present-day cities of Oakland, Rossmoor, Lafayette, Moraga and Walnut Creek; the "Volvon" (also spelled Bolbon, Wolwon or Zuicun), who were near Mt. Diablo; and the "Tactan", located on the San Ramon Creek in present-day Danville and Walnut Creek.


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: The city of Walnut Creek has developed within the earlier area of four extensive Mexican land grants. One of these land grantsmeasuring belonged to Juana Sanchez de Pacheco. The grant was called Rancho Arroyo de Las Nueces y Bolbones, named after the principal waterway, "Arroyo de las Nueces" (Walnut Creek in English), and for the local group of Volvon indigenous Americans (also known as "Bolbones" in Spanish). The "Arroyo de las Nueces" was named for the local species of walnut tree, the California Walnut. The two grandsons of Sanchez de Pacheco inherited the thousands of acres of land. One, Ygnacio Sibrian, built the first roofed home in the valley in about 1850.


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: As settlers from the United States arrived following US annexation of California after victory in the Mexican–American War, a small settlement called "The Corners" emerged. It was named for the junction where roads met from the settlements of Pacheco and Lafayette. The intersection of Mt. Diablo Boulevard and North Main Street is now at this site. The first town settler was William Slusher, who built a dwelling on the bank of Walnut Creek, first called "Nuts Creek" by Americans in 1849. In 1855, Milo Hough of Lafayette built the hotel named "Walnut Creek House" in The Corners. A blacksmith shop and a store were soon established by settlers. In 1850 Hiram Penniman laid out the town site and realigned Main Street to what it is today. (Penniman also developed Shadelands Ranch.)


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: In December 1862 a United States Post Office was established here, named "Walnut Creek". Pioneer Homer Shuey platted the downtown street patterns in 1871–1872 on a portion of one of his family's large cattle ranches. These streets have been maintained to the present.


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: The arrival of Southern Pacific Railroad service in 1891 stimulated development of Walnut Creek. On October 21, 1914, the town and the surrounding area were incorporated as the 8th city in Contra Costa County. A branch line of the Southern Pacific ran through Walnut Creek until the late 1970s. Portions were adapted by East Bay Regional Park District for the Iron Horse Trail, which is used by walkers, runners and bikers. The mainline of the Sacramento Northern Railway passed through Walnut Creek. Both railroads had stations here. Today, the of the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) serves Walnut Creek with a station adjacent to Highway 680.


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: With the 1951 opening of the downtown Broadway Shopping Center (now Broadway Plaza), Contra Costa County's first major retail center, the city took off in a new direction. In the postwar period of suburban development, its population more than quadrupledfrom 2,460 in 1950 to 9,903 in 1960. Growth has accelerated since the late 20th century, and the population in 2019 was estimated at slightly more than 70,000.


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: Walnut Creek is located at . Portions lie in both the San Ramon Valley and the Ygnacio Valley below the western slopes of Mount Diablo. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , 0.06 percent of which is water. Walnut Creekthe actual waterway that runs through the townhas been routed underneath downtown through a series of tunnels. These start at the southwest end of Macy's and end just southwest of El Charro Restaurant.


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: Walnut Creek consists of a bustling, upscale downtown with established neighborhoods in its surrounding areas. Neighborhoods range in affordability and feel, with some being exceptionally charming and tight-knit (e.g., Parkmead) while others are more rural and forested with homes on generous lots (e.g., Tice Valley). Not all neighborhoods are incorporated; there are many unincorporated areas that are serviced by Contra Costa County. A non-exhaustive list of neighborhoods in Walnut Creek include:


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: Depending on the neighborhood, homes can be assigned to schools in Lafayette, San Ramon Valley, Walnut Creek, or Mt. Diablo Unified School District.


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: Walnut Creek owns more open space per capita than any other community in the state of California. In 1974, Walnut Creek voters approved a $6.7million bond measure to acquire and protect open space: the city purchased of undeveloped hillsides, ridge lines, and park sites. Walnut Creek owns parts of Lime Ridge Open Space, Acalanes Ridge Open Space, Shell Ridge Open Space, and Sugarloaf Open Space.


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: The East Bay Regional Park District operates Diablo Foothills Regional Park and Castle Rock Regional Recreation Area, both of which are located in Walnut Creek.


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: Walnut Creek's warm summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification "Csb") is typical of California's interior valleys. In summer, high pressure results in almost unbroken sunshine and virtually no precipitation. Days start out cool but quickly warm up, with high temperatures normally in the 80s Fahrenheit (27 to 32°C). Temperatures of or hotter occur numerous times during heatwaves, however. In the winter, the jet stream moves far enough south so that Pacific storms can reach Walnut Creek, bringing much-needed rainaverage annual rainfall approximates , with slight variations occurring in microclimates based on elevation and topography. During particularly cold storms, snow falls on the peak of nearby Mount Diablo, but snow in the valley floor is very rare. There are numerous clear, mild days in winter, often with morning frost. The climate allows for the successful cultivation of many plants and crops, being warm enough for citrus yet cold enough for apples. The Ruth Bancroft Garden is a renowned botanical garden that showcases the diversity of plants that can be successfully grown.


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: The city has two Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) stations – and (in the unincorporated area known as Contra Costa Centre Transit Village) – both served by the .


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: Central Contra Costa Transit Authority (County Connection/CCCTA) provides bus service throughout Walnut Creek and Contra Costa County at a modest cost. County Connection also operates three free weekday shuttles within city limits: the Downtown Trolley/Route 4 loops from Walnut Creek BART to Broadway Plaza; Route 5 runs from Walnut Creek BART to Creekside; and Route 7, which runs from Pleasant Hill BART to Shadelands Business Park.


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: Walnut Creek is transected by the Iron Horse Trail (running north–south) through its downtown, as well as the Contra Costa Canal Trail (running east–west) at the north end of the city. Both these trails, in addition to city bike lanes, make bicycle transportation feasible both for recreation and as an alternative commute.


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: The 2010 United States Census reported that Walnut Creek had a population of 64,173. The population density was . The racial makeup of Walnut Creek was 50,487 (78.7 percent) White, 1,035 (1.6 percent) African American, 155 (0.2 percent) Native American, 8,027 (12.5 percent) Asian, 125 (0.2 percent) Pacific Islander, 1,624 (2.5 percent) from other races, and 2,720 (4.2 percent) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5,540 persons (8.6 percent).


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: The Census reported that 63,171 people (98.4 percent of the population) lived in households, 176 (0.3 percent) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 826 (1.3 percent) were institutionalized.


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: There were 30,443 households, out of which 6,363 (20.9 percent) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 13,305 (43.7 percent) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 2,071 (6.8 percent) had a female householder with no husband present, 844 (2.8 percent) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,286 (4.2 percent) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 298 (1.0 percent) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 11,884 households (39.0 percent) were made up of individuals, and 6,424 (21.1 percent) had someone living alone who was 65years of age or older. The average household size was 2.08. There were 16,220 families (53.3 percent of all households); the average family size was 2.79.


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: The population was spread out, with 10,719 people (16.7 percent) under the age of 18, 3,599 people (5.6 percent) aged 18 to 24, 15,137 people (23.6 percent) aged 25 to 44, 17,653 people (27.5 percent) aged 45 to 64, and 17,065 people (26.6 percent) who were 65years of age or older. The median age was 47.9years. For every 100 females, there were 86.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.0 males.


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: There were 32,681 housing units at an average density of , of which 20,262 (66.6 percent) were owner-occupied, and 10,181 (33.4 percent) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.4 percent; the rental vacancy rate was 6.7 percent. 43,079 people (67.1 percent of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 20,092 people (31.3 percent) lived in rental housing units.


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: City Council members are elected at-large to staggered, four-year terms, in elections held in even-numbered years.


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: As of 2022, the current elected representatives are Matt Francois (Mayor), Cindy Silva (Mayor Pro Tem), Loella Haskew, Cindy Darling and Kevin Wilk (Council members).


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: On the Contra Costa County Board of Supervisors, Walnut Creek is split between Supervisorial District 2 and Supervisorial District 4, represented by Candace Andersen and Karen Mitchoff, respectively.


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: In the United States House of Representatives, Walnut Creek is located in California's 11th congressional district, represented by .


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: According to the California Secretary of State, as of February 10, 2019, Walnut Creek has 46,149 registered voters. Of those, 21,391 (46.4%) are registered Democrats, 10,708 (23.2%) are registered Republicans, and 12,147 (26.3%) have declined to state a political party.


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: Walnut Creek residents attend schools in five public school districts. The Walnut Creek School District (K8) has five elementary schools, one magnet school (K–8), and one middle school in the city. Some residents are served by schools from the Mount Diablo Unified School District (K12), the Acalanes Union High School District (912), the San Ramon Valley Unified School District (K12), and the Lafayette School District (K8). The following public schools are within the city limits of Walnut Creek:


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: The Walnut Creek Library and the Ygnacio Valley Library of the Contra Costa County Library are located in Walnut Creek. The Ygnacio Valley Branch, which opened in 1975, is also known as the Thurman G. Casey Memorial Library. Fundraising and other support is provided by the Walnut Creek Library Foundation.


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: On February 26, 2008, the city demolished the Walnut Creek Library, that was built in 1961 at the southern end of Civic Park. Mayor Gwen Regalia hosted a groundbreaking on the same site for the new library on May 19, 2008. The new library, designed by Group4 Architecture, Research + Planning, Inc., has and an underground parking garage. Construction was completed in 2010 and the library was officially opened on July 17, 2010.


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: Companies based in Walnut Creek include Central Garden & Pet (makers of the AvoDerm, Amdro, Kaytee brands, among others), American Reprographics Company, CSE Insurance Group, Maximum Games, and the PMI Group.


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: Walnut Creek is served by the daily newspaper, "The East Bay Times" (formerly "The Contra Costa Times"). The paper was originally run and owned by the Lesher family. Since the death of Dean Lesher in 1993, the paper has had several owners. "The Times", as it is known, has a section called "The Walnut Creek Journal."


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: Walnut Creek TV (WCTV) is the city's government-access television channel, covering local government and community events. WCTV is available in Walnut Creek on Comcast channel 28 (channel 26 in Rossmoor), Astound channel 29, AT&T U-verse channel 99 under the menu option "Walnut Creek Television," and on YouTube. Claycord.com is the widely read independent news and talk blog serving the greater Walnut Creek metropolitan area.


title: Walnut Creek, California

text: Walnut Creek has an active Sister Cities International program with two sister cities. Schools in the city have a yearly student exchange with these cities.


title: E minor

text: E minor is a minor scale based on E, consisting of the pitches E, F, G, A, B, C, and D. Its key signature has one sharp. Its relative major is G major and its parallel major is E major.


title: E minor

text: Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The E harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:


title: E minor

text: Much of the classical guitar repertoire is in E minor, as this is a very natural key for the instrument. In standard tuning (E A D G B E), four of the instrument's six open (unfretted) strings are part of the tonic chord. The key of E minor is also popular in heavy metal music, as its tonic is the lowest note on a standard-tuned guitar.


title: I Dont Know How But They Found Me

text: I Dont Know How But They Found Me (stylized in all caps), often shortened to IDKHow (stylized as iDKHOW), is an American musical duo based in Salt Lake City, Utah and formed in 2016. The band consists of lead vocalist and bassist Dallon Weekes and drummer Ryan Seaman. Before signing with Fearless Records, the duo was described as "the hottest unsigned band in the world" on the cover of "Rock Sound" in March 2018.


title: I Dont Know How But They Found Me

text: Prior to the formation of the band, Dallon Weekes and Ryan Seaman were longtime friends who had worked together in the past. Seaman joined Weekes' former band The Brobecks in 2008 and played drums for Weekes' solo projects, including the songs "Sickly Sweet Holidays" and "Please Don't Jump (It's Christmas)."


title: I Dont Know How But They Found Me

text: Initially a solo act, Weekes had been writing and recording songs for several years while on the road with Panic! at the Disco. Seaman performed drums on these songs, which eventually became their debut EP "1981 Extended Play", and Weekes proposed that they present themselves as a duo.


title: I Dont Know How But They Found Me

text: As evidenced by old tweets and Weekes confirming it in interviews, the "I Dont Know How But They Found Me" moniker and project idea has existed since 2009. Uniquely, the punctuation of the band name is intentionally incorrect, with no apostrophe in "don't" and no comma after "how." Weekes credited it to his time in Panic! at the Disco, stating that "punctuation was a big deal [in the band], so I just wanted to take the opposite approach and get rid of it all." The band's name was inspired by a quote from the movie "Back to the Future".


title: I Dont Know How But They Found Me

text: Weekes and Seaman began secretly performing in small venues from late 2016 to mid-2017. They debuted at Emo Nite Los Angeles' 2-year anniversary event on December 6, 2016. After the show, different sources wrote about a "new side project" by Weekes and Seaman and confirmed the band name. Even when confronted with photos and videos taken at the shows, Weekes and Seaman denied the whole project for months. Weekes later stated that they did not want to exploit his and Seaman's name recognition and association with the well-known bands they played in. Seaman would depart his band Falling in Reverse in May 2017, followed by Weekes leaving Panic! at the Disco in December.


title: I Dont Know How But They Found Me

text: The duo teased the release of their first song "Modern Day Cain" one day prior with a post on their Instagram account. On August 18, 2017 the full song was self-released on iTunes and Spotify and followed up with a music video on the same day. The single reached number 8 of the Top 10 Alternative Music Charts on iTunes on the day of release. The duo's second single "Choke" was released on October 26, 2017. It was again self-published and accompanied by a lyric video. The single peaked at number 7 of the iTunes Top 100 Alternative Music Charts. The band went on a few short tours between July and December 2017, playing shows in Utah, California and neighboring states, as well as one show in New York. They also performed as the opening act for The Aquabats and Dashboard Confessional. On March 14, 2018 they released the song "Nobody Likes The Opening Band" as a free download on their website accompanied with a music video. On March 28, it was announced that the band would perform at the Reading and Leeds Festivals.


title: I Dont Know How But They Found Me

text: On August 24, the duo re-released "Choke" alongside a new song titled "Do It All The Time" as a double A-side single via Fearless Records. In October, the duo announced their debut EP titled "1981 Extended Play", with a release date of November 9. Later that month, they released a single from the EP titled "Bleed Magic". Upon its release, the EP topped the US "Billboard" Heatseekers chart. In March, 2019, the duo announced "Night Heat", a headlining tour consisting of 17 stops across North America as well as music festivals from April 28th to May 18th with the band Superet supporting headlining dates.


title: I Dont Know How But They Found Me

text: On April 26, 2019, the duo released the single "Choke (Acoustic)" which features a cabaret style version of their hit single. The band also released a Christmas EP titled "Christmas Drag" on November 15, 2019, which includes a cover of "Merry Christmas Everybody". This was followed by three music videos, one for each song on the EP.


title: I Dont Know How But They Found Me

text: On August 5, 2020, the band released a lyric video for the single "Leave Me Alone" and announced the coming release of their debut album, "Razzmatazz". On September 16, the title track "Razzmatazz" was released, along with a lyric video. On October 2, "New Invention" and an accompanying lyric video were released. The album was released on October 23, 2020. On January 25, 2021, the band made their national television debut on "Jimmy Kimmel Live!", performing "Leave Me Alone". The band followed up with a performance on The Ellen DeGeneres Show on February 23, as well as releasing a new single, a recording of the Beck song "Debra", which they've played during live shows. They also performed their songs "New Invention" and "Kiss Goodnight" for the first time on live television for CBS This Morning's Saturday Sessions.


title: I Dont Know How But They Found Me

text: On June 11, 2021, the band released a new single called "Mx. Sinister" which was previously performed live under the title "Mr. Sinister." The band had their first show since the Covid-19 pandemic began at Utah’s Forkfest Festival in June, and then continued to do 4 headlining dates in the UK in August, including sold-out shows at Glasgow’s SWG3 and London’s Kentish Town Forum, and a set on the Main Stage of the Reading and Leeds Festivals. The band then announced the Razzmatazzmatour, which ran from November 2 - November 20, 2021, as well as the Thought Reform Tour, which ran from January 18 - February 26, 2022. On November 5, 2021, the band released a remix of "New Invention" featuring Tessa Violet. On November 18, 2021, the band released a deluxe version of "Razzmatazz" with 7 additional tracks, including a cover of The Cure song "Boys Don't Cry", the demo version of "From The Gallows", and live renditions of "Sugar Pills" and "Leave Me Alone". On May 31, 2022, the band announced The Welcome to Hellvetica Tour, a North American co-headlining tour with Joywave.


title: I Dont Know How But They Found Me

text: Their style has mainly been described as indie pop. Weekes himself also described their musical style as indie pop, as well as "hipster nonsense" and "Glam Wham". The band has also been described as new wave, alternative, electronic rock, "electro pop rock", and a pop rock-influenced mix of "sixties garage, seventies glam, eighties new wave, and the early days of Britpop".


title: I Dont Know How But They Found Me

text: On its website the band describes itself as "...a band out of time. One who faded away into obscurity after struggling to find success in the late 70's and early 80's". The duo's music, as well as their appearance and social media presence, is strongly influenced by the style of the 1980s; Weekes has stated that he draws inspiration from the pop culture of the time.


title: I Dont Know How But They Found Me

text: Among others, Weekes has named Marc Bolan, David Bowie, Oingo Boingo, Elvis Costello, The Ink Spots, and Joe Jackson as musical influences for the band's sound.


title: Adam LaVorgna

text: Adam Lavorgna (born March 1, 1981) is an American actor, known for his role on the television series "Brooklyn Bridge", and in the films "Milk Money", "The Beautician and the Beast", and "I'll Be Home for Christmas", and as Robbie Palmer on "7th Heaven".


title: Adam LaVorgna

text: Lavorgna was born near New Haven, in North Branford, Connecticut, the son of Sandra (née Schnepf), a college professor, and Joseph LaVorgna, a high school assistant principal. Raised with his three siblings in North Branford, LaVorgna has been appearing on television and film since the early age of three when he first appeared on the daytime series "As the World Turns".


title: Adam LaVorgna

text: Other television work included the role of a young Frank Sinatra at the age of ten in the miniseries "Sinatra", a role as a witness to a bank robbery in a 1995 episode of "Matlock" ("The Getaway") and appearances in the miniseries "Degree of Guilt" and "Blood Brothers: The Joey DiPaolo Story", along with an episode of the HBO series "".


title: Adam LaVorgna

text: Lavorgna attended high school at the athletic powerhouse Avon Old Farms in Avon, Connecticut. He also enrolled at Boston College, prior to leaving the school after his freshman year to pursue acting, specifically, "7th Heaven".


title: Adam LaVorgna

text: Lavorgna starred as Nicholas Scamperelli in the series "Brooklyn Bridge", for which he received the 1993 Youth in Film Award for Best Actor. He then joined "7th Heaven" as a series regular portraying Robbie Palmer, Mary's (Jessica Biel) troubled ex-boyfriend who has moved into the family home. He left the show in 2002. LaVorgna recalled his choice to leave was due to having a hard time managing his way around Hollywood, California, in addition to missing his family, mutually agreeing with the staff of "7th Heaven" for a dismissal. He returned to the East Coast of the US subsequently.


title: Adam LaVorgna

text: Lavorgna has a number of film roles to his credit, including "I'll Be Home for Christmas", "The Beautician and the Beast", "Milk Money", "Monkey Trouble"; and "Blast". He appeared in two independent features: "Outside Providence" and "The Bumblebee Flies Away..."


title: Adam LaVorgna

text: LaVorgna can be recently seen in the Lifetime/A&E movie "Stealing Chanel" on demand and currently on the hit Starz show "Power".


title: Adam LaVorgna

text: Lavorgna said he was raised in Catholicism by his grandmother but became distant from the faith with age: "I got away from church at 15–16, and by my mid-20s, I was lost." Of returning to the faith, LaVorgna said, "Once I matured enough to face God, to look at Him, for Him to be proud, once I started doing that, my life turned around. It was slow, but on a steady incline."


title: Crenshaw, Los Angeles

text: In the post–World War II era, a Japanese American community was established in Crenshaw. African Americans started migrating to the district in the mid 1960s, and by the early 1970s were the majority.


title: Crenshaw, Los Angeles

text: The Crenshaw Boulevard commercial corridor has had many different cultural backgrounds throughout the years, but it is still "the heart of African American commerce in Los Angeles".


title: Crenshaw, Los Angeles

text: According to Google Maps, the Crenshaw neighborhood is centered on Crenshaw Boulevard and Buckingham Road. The neighborhood of Baldwin Hills is to the south, Baldwin Village is to the west, Leimert Park is to the east and West Adams to the north.


title: Crenshaw, Los Angeles

text: Cartographer Eric Brightwell considers Baldwin Village to be part of Crenshaw. Google Maps includes in Crenshaw areas labelled by Brightwell as being Baldwin Hill Estates, Baldwin Hill, Baldwin Village, and southern parts of West Adams and Jefferson Park. Google Maps plots Crenshaw as bounded by Crenshaw Boulevard, Stocker Street, and South La Brea Avenue, with the border going along West Jefferson Boulevard to Vineyard Ave, northeast to West 30th Street, east to 11th Avenue, south and west along West Exposition Boulevard.


title: Crenshaw, Los Angeles

text: In the post-World War II era, a Japanese-American community was established in Crenshaw. There was an area Japanese school called Dai-Ichi Gakuen. Due to a shared sense of discrimination, many Japanese-Americans had formed close relationships with the African-American community.


title: Crenshaw, Los Angeles

text: At its peak, it was one of the largest Japanese-American settlements in California, with about 8,000 residents around 1970, and Dai-Ichi Gakuen had a peak of 700 students.


title: Crenshaw, Los Angeles

text: Beginning in the 1970s the Japanese American community began decreasing in size and Japanese-American businesses began leaving. Scott Shibya Brown stated that "some say" the effect was a "belated response" to the 1965 Watts riots and that "several residents say a wave of anti-Japanese-American sentiment began cropping up in the area, prompting further departures." Eighty-two-year-old Jimmy Jike was quoted in the "Los Angeles Times" in 1993, stating that it was mainly because the residents' children, after attending universities, moved away.


title: Crenshaw, Los Angeles

text: By 1980, there were 4,000 Japanese ethnic residents, half of the previous size. By 1990 there were 2,500 Japanese-Americans, mostly older residents. By 1993, the community was diminishing in size, with older Japanese Americans staying but with younger ones moving away. That year, Dai-Ichi Gakuen had 15 students. In the 90s there began a shift to a new generation of Japanese Americans moving back into the neighborhood.


title: Crenshaw, Los Angeles

text: The Los Angeles Police Department is responsible for law enforcement in the area. The Southwest Community police station is at 1546 W. Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard.


title: Crenshaw, Los Angeles

text: The United States Postal Service operates the Crenshaw Post Office, the Julian Dixon Post Office and the North Torrance Post Office.


title: Crenshaw, Los Angeles

text: Crenshaw is a largely residential neighborhood of single-story houses, bungalows and low-rise condominiums and apartments. There are also commercial buildings with an industrial corridor along Jefferson Boulevard. There are also several other commercial districts throughout the neighborhood.


title: Crenshaw, Los Angeles

text: After courts ruled segregation covenants to be unconstitutional, the area opened up to other races. A large Japanese American settlement ensued, which can still be found along Coliseum Street, east and west of Crenshaw Boulevard. African Americans started migrating to the district in the mid 1960s, and by the early 1970s later were the majority.


title: Crenshaw, Los Angeles

text: In the 1970s, Crenshaw, Leimert Park and neighboring areas together had formed one of the largest African-American communities in the western United States. Crenshaw had suffered significant damage from both the 1992 Los Angeles riots and the 1994 Northridge earthquake but was able to rebound in the late 2000s with the help of redevelopment and gentrification.


title: Crenshaw, Los Angeles

text: In 2006, the population of Crenshaw was around 27,600. Currently, there is a huge demographic shift increase in which many middle and lower-class blacks and Latinos are migrating to cities in the Inland Empire as well as cities in the Antelope Valley sections of Southern California as a form of gentrification. The gentrification process continues into 2010's as the Crenshaw mall been approved for a major renovation plan, that will include apartments, shops, and more restaurants.


title: Crenshaw, Los Angeles

text: The K Line, known as the Crenshaw/LAX Line during planning and construction, is an light rail line that will "add eight new stations serving the Crenshaw neighborhood, Leimert Park, Inglewood, Westchester and surrounding areas".


title: Crenshaw, Los Angeles

text: The line will run between the Expo/Crenshaw station and Aviation/96 Street station, transiting generally north-south along Crenshaw Boulevard.


title: Crenshaw, Los Angeles

text: John Singleton's 1991 film "Boyz n the Hood" is a story set in Crenshaw. It was filmed in the Crenshaw neighborhood and other South Central (as it was called then; now called South Los Angeles) Los Angeles locations. It was Singleton's directorial debut and received Oscar nominations for Best Director and Best Original Screenplay at the 64th Academy Awards.


title: Kongō-class battlecruiser

text: The was a class of four battlecruisers built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) immediately before World War I. Designed by British naval architect George Thurston, the lead ship of the class, , was the last Japanese capital ship constructed outside Japan, by Vickers at Barrow-in-Furness. Her sister ships, , and , were all completed in Japan.


title: Kongō-class battlecruiser

text: During the late 1920s, all but "Hiei" were reconstructed and reclassified as battleships. After the signing of the London Naval Treaty in 1930, "Hiei" was reconfigured as a training ship to avoid being scrapped. Following Japan's withdrawal from the treaty, all four underwent a massive second reconstruction in the late 1930s. Following the completion of these modifications, which increased top speeds to over , all four were reclassified as fast battleships.


title: Kongō-class battlecruiser

text: The "Kongō"-class battleships were the most active capital ships of the Japanese Navy during World War II, participating in most major engagements of the war. "Hiei" and "Kirishima" acted as escorts during the attack on Pearl Harbor, while "Kongō" and "Haruna" supported the invasion of Singapore. All four participated in the battles of Midway and Guadalcanal. "Hiei" and "Kirishima" were both lost during the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal in November 1942, while "Haruna" and "Kongō" jointly bombarded the American Henderson Field airbase on Guadalcanal. The two remaining Kongō-class battleships spent most of 1943 shuttling between Japanese naval bases before participating in the major naval campaigns of 1944. "Haruna" and "Kongō" engaged American surface vessels during the Battle of Leyte Gulf in late October 1944. "Kongō" was torpedoed and sunk by the submarine in November 1944, while "Haruna" was sunk at her moorings by an air attack in Kure Naval Base in late July 1945, but later raised and scrapped in 1946.


title: Kongō-class battlecruiser

text: The design of the "Kongō"-class battlecruisers came about as a result of the IJN's modernization programs, as well as the perceived need to compete with the British Royal Navy.


title: Kongō-class battlecruiser

text: In April 1907, the Royal Navy launched at Newcastle upon Tyne. Armed with eight main guns, "Invincible" rendered all current—and designed—Japanese capital ships obsolete by comparison. In 1911, the Japanese Diet passed the Emergency Naval Expansion Bill, authorizing the construction of one battleship () and four armoured cruisers, to be designed by British naval architect George Thurston. In his design of the class, Thurston relied on many techniques that would eventually be used by the British on .


title: Kongō-class battlecruiser

text: Under the terms of the contract signed with Vickers in November 1910, one member of the "Kongō" class—the lead ship "Kongō"—was to be built in Britain and Vickers was to maximize the transfer of naval technology to Japan. The design of the ships was from Vickers Design 472C (corresponding to the Japanese design designation B-46). The original design featured eight or ten 12-inch (304.8 mm) 50-calibre guns, sixteen guns, and eight torpedo tubes.


title: Kongō-class battlecruiser

text: Commander Katô Hirohasu pushed for the adoption of a new /45 calibre gun that was currently under development. After trials of the new gun, which were witnessed by both the Japanese Navy and Royal Navy, the Japanese made the decision on 29 Nov 1911 to use the new gun despite the keel having already been laid down on 17 January 1911, and the resulting need to quickly make a large number of alterations to the design, so as to not prolong the construction.


title: Kongō-class battlecruiser

text: The final design of the battlecruisers resulted in an improved version of the , displacing an estimated 27,940 tonnes (27,500 long tons). It also called for eight 14-inch guns mounted in four twin gun turrets (two forward and two aft) with a top speed of .


title: Kongō-class battlecruiser

text: To ensure transfer of the latest design knowledge to Japan more than 100 technical specialists were sent on 18 months secondments from Japan to Vickers during the construction phase of "Kongō". If superintendents, supervisors and trial witnesses are also included then about 200 Japanese spent time in Britain.


title: Kongō-class battlecruiser

text: The "Kongō"-class ships had two sets of Parsons direct-drive steam turbines, except for "Haruna"s Brown-Curtis turbines, each of which drove two propeller shafts. The high-pressure turbines drove the wing shafts while the low-pressure turbines drove the inner shafts. The turbines were arranged in two compartments, separated by a centerline longitudinal bulkhead; both compartments were situated between turrets No. 3 and 4. They were designed to produce a total of , using steam provided by 36 Yarrow or Kampon water-tube boilers, with working pressures ranging from . The boilers, arranged in eight compartments, were mixed-firing with fuel oil sprayed onto the coal for extra power. The ships had a stowage capacity of of coal and of oil, giving them a range of at a speed of . The battlecruisers were designed to reach a speed of and all of them exceeded that speed on their sea trials. The "Kongō" and "Hiei" attained and with and , respectively.


title: Kongō-class battlecruiser

text: In their first reconstruction during the late 1920s, the ships were reboilered with 10, 11 ("Hiei") or 16 ("Haruna") Kampon boilers, and their fuel stowage was rearranged to accommodate of coal and of oil. This increased their range to at 14 knots and allowed the fore funnel to be removed, which greatly decreased smoke interference with the bridge and fire-control systems. Coupled with the addition of external torpedo bulges, this reduced their speed to and caused the IJN to reclassify them as battleships. During their 1930s reconstructions into fast battleships, the existing boilers were removed and replaced with eleven oil-fired Kampon boilers. These upgraded boilers gave the "Kongō" and her sister ships much greater power, with the ships of the class capable of speeds exceeding . This made them the only Japanese battleships at the time fully suited to operations alongside fast aircraft carriers.


title: Kongō-class battlecruiser

text: The primary armament of the "Kongō" class consisted of eight 14"/45 guns, mounted in four superfiring twin-gun turrets. The turrets had an elevation capability of −5/+20 degrees, except in "Kongō", whose turrets had a maximum elevation capability of +25 degrees. The shells could be loaded at any angle and the guns had a firing cycle of 30–40 seconds. These guns and their turrets underwent multiple modernizations throughout the ships' careers. During the first reconstruction of the class during the 1920s, the elevation of the main guns was increased to a maximum of +33 degrees. The recoil mechanism of the guns was also changed from a hydraulic to pneumatic system, which allowed for a faster firing cycle of the main guns.


title: Kongō-class battlecruiser

text: By World War II, the guns used Type 91 armor-piercing, capped shells. Each of these shells weighed and had a muzzle velocity of . They had a maximum range of at +20 degrees of elevation and at +33 degrees after modernisation. Also available was a high-explosive shell that had a muzzle velocity of . A special Type 3 "Sanshikidan" incendiary shrapnel shell was developed in the 1930s for anti-aircraft use.


title: Kongō-class battlecruiser

text: As built, the "Kongō" class was fitted with a secondary armament of sixteen 15 cm/50 guns mounted in single casemates along the sides of the hull at the level of the upper deck. Eight guns were mounted per side, and each had an arc of fire of 130 degrees and a maximum elevation of +15 degrees. Each gun could fire a high explosive projectile a maximum distance of at a rate of between four and six shots per minute. During their reconstruction in the 1930s, the maximum elevation of the guns was increased to +30 degrees, which increased their maximum range by approximately .


title: Kongō-class battlecruiser

text: The ships also mounted four 76 mm/40 anti-aircraft (AA) guns. The high-angle guns were in single mounts. Each of these guns had a maximum elevation of +75 degrees, and could fire a projectile with a muzzle velocity of to a maximum height of . Both ships were equipped with eight submerged torpedo tubes, four on each broadside.


title: Kongō-class battlecruiser

text: The "Kongō" class's secondary armament changed significantly over time. During the modernizations of the 1930s, all of the 76 mm guns were replaced with eight /40 dual-purpose guns. These guns were fitted on both sides of the fore and aft superstructures in four twin-gun mounts. When firing at surface targets, the guns had a range of ; they had a maximum ceiling of at their maximum elevation of +90 degrees. Their maximum rate of fire was 14 rounds a minute, but their sustained rate of fire was around eight rounds per minute. During reconstruction, the two foremost 152 mm guns were also removed.


title: Kongō-class battlecruiser

text: The light AA armament of the "Kongō" class changed dramatically from 1933 to 1944. During the second reconstruction, the ships were fitted with four to eight twin machine-guns, later replaced by gun mounts. Both weapons were license-built French Hotchkiss designs. The 25 mm guns were mounted on the "Kongō" class in single, double, and triple mounts. This model was the standard Japanese light anti-aircraft gun during World War II, but severe design shortcomings rendered it largely ineffective. The twin and triple mounts "lacked sufficient speed in train or elevation; the gun sights were unable to handle fast targets; the gun exhibited excessive vibration; the magazine was too small, and, finally, the gun produced excessive muzzle blast". "Haruna" ultimately carried 118 guns in 30 triple, two twin, and 24 single mounts.


title: Kongō-class battlecruiser

text: The "Kongō"-class battlecruisers were designed with the intention of maximizing speed and maneuverability, and as such were not as heavily armoured as later Japanese capital ships. Nevertheless, the "Kongō" class possessed significant quantities of armour, and were heavily upgraded during their modernizations. In their initial configuration, the "Kongō" class possessed an upper belt that was thick, and a lower belt with a thickness of . Vickers Cemented was used in the construction of the "Kongō", while the original armour of the other three was constructed of a variation of Krupp Cemented Armour, designed by the German Krupp Arms Works. Subsequent developments of Japanese armour technology relied upon a hybrid design of the two variations until drastic changes were made during the design of the "Yamato" class battleship in 1938. The armoured belt near the bow and stern of the vessels was strengthened with an additional of cemented armour. The conning tower of the "Kongō" class was very heavily armoured, with variations of Krupp Cemented Armour up to thick. The turrets were lightly armoured compared to later designs, with a maximum plate thickness of . The deck armour ranged from .


title: Kongō-class battlecruiser

text: During the reconstructions that each ship underwent during the interwar period, most of the armour of the "Kongō" class was heavily upgraded. The main lower belt was strengthened to be a uniform thickness of 8 inches, while diagonal bulkheads of a depth ranging from reinforced the main armoured belt. The upper belt remained unchanged, but was closed by 9-inch bulkheads at the bow and stern of the ships. The turret armour was strengthened to , while were added to portions of the deck armour. The armour upgrades increased the displacement by close to 4,000 tons on each ship, violating the terms of the Washington Treaty. Even after these modifications, the armour capacity of the "Kongō" class remained much less than that of newer capital ships, a factor which played a major role in the sinking of "Hiei" and "Kirishima" at the hands of U.S. Navy cruisers and battleships in 1942.


title: Kongō-class battlecruiser

text: Due to a lack of available slipways, the latter two were the first Japanese warships to be built by Japanese private shipyards. Completed by 1915, they were considered the first modern battlecruisers of the Imperial Japanese Navy. According to naval historian Robert Jackson, they "outclassed all other contemporary [capital] ships". The design was so successful that the construction of the fourth battlecruiser of the British "Lion"-class——was halted so that design features of the "Kongō" class could be added.


title: Kongō-class battlecruiser

text: "Kongō" was laid down 17 January 1911 at Barrow-in-Furness, England, launched 18 May 1912, and commissioned 16 August 1913. She arrived in Yokosuka via Singapore in November 1913 to undergo armaments sighting checks in Kure Naval Arsenal, being placed in reserve upon her arrival. On 23 August 1914, Japan formally declared war on the German Empire as part of her contribution to the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, and "Kongō" was deployed near Midway Island to patrol the communications lines of the Pacific Ocean, attached to the Third Battleship Division of the First Fleet. Following the 1922 Washington Naval Treaty, "Kongō" and her contemporaries (including the ships in the , and es) were the only Japanese capital ships to avoid the scrapyard. On 1 November 1924, "Kongō" docked at Yokosuka for modifications which improved fire control and main-gun elevation, and increased her antiaircraft armament. In September 1929, she began her first major reconstruction. Her horizontal armour, boilers, and machinery space were all improved, and she was equipped to carry Type 90 Model 0 floatplanes. When her reconstruction was completed on 31 March 1931, she was reclassified as a battleship. From October 1933 to November 1934, "Kongō" was the flagship of the Japanese Combined Fleet, before being placed in reserve when the flag was transferred to .


title: Kongō-class battlecruiser

text: On 1 June 1935, "Kongō"s second reconstruction began. Japan's withdrawal from the London Naval Treaty led to reconstruction of her forward tower to fit the pagoda mast style of design, improvements to the boilers and turbines, and reconfiguration of the aircraft catapults aft of Turret 3. Her new top speed of qualified her as a fast battleship. The modifications were completed on 8 January 1937. In either August or November 1941, she was assigned to the Third Battleship Division with her three sister ships, and sailed on 29 November as part of the main body—four fast battleships, three heavy cruisers, eight destroyers—for the Japanese invasion of Malaya and Singapore. Following the destruction of the British Force Z, the Main Body departed for French Indochina, before escorting a fast carrier task force in February during the invasion of the Dutch East Indies. "Kongō" provided cover for Japanese carriers during attacks on the Dutch East Indies in February and Ceylon in March and April. "Kongō" and "Hiei" were part of the Second Fleet Main Body during the Battle of Midway, but were diverted north on 9 June to assist in the invasion of the Aleutian Islands. "Kongō" and her sisters engaged American naval forces in the Battle of Guadalcanal. During this engagement "Kongō" and "Haruna" bombarded Henderson Field with 430 14-inch and 33 6-inch shells on 13 October 1942. Following armament and armour upgrades in late 1943 and early 1944, "Kongō" sailed as part of Admiral Jisaburō Ozawa's Mobile Fleet during the Battle of the Philippine Sea. During the Battle of Leyte Gulf, "Kongō" sortied as part of Admiral Kurita's Center Force, scoring hits on an American escort carrier and sinking or damaging two destroyers during the Battle off Samar. "Kongō" and an escort, , were sunk northwest of Taiwan on 21 November 1944 by the submarine , after being hit on the port bow by two or three torpedoes. Approximately 1,200 of her crew—including her Captain and the commander of the Third Battleship Division, Vice Admiral Yoshio Suzuki—were lost. She was removed from the Navy List on 20 January 1945.


title: Kongō-class battlecruiser

text: "Hiei" was laid down at Yokosuka Naval Arsenal on 4 November 1911, launched 21 November 1912, and commissioned at Sasebo 4 August 1914, attached to the Third Battleship Division of the First Fleet. After conducting patrols off China and in the East China Sea during World War I, "Hiei" was placed in reserve in 1920. After undergoing minor reconstructions in 1924 and 1927, "Hiei" was demilitarized in 1929 to avoid being scrapped under the terms of the Washington Treaty; she was converted to a training ship in Kure from 1929 to 1932. All of her armour and most of her armament were removed under the restrictions of the treaty and carefully preserved. In 1933, she was refitted as an Imperial Service Ship and—following further reconstruction in 1934—became the Emperor's ship in late 1935. In 1937, following Japan's withdrawal from the London Treaty, "Hiei" underwent a massive reconstruction along lines similar to those of her sister ships. When the reconstruction was completed on 31 January 1940, "Hiei" was reclassified as a battleship. "Hiei" sailed in November 1941 as an escort of Vice-Admiral Chuichi Nagumo's carrier force which attacked Pearl Harbor. "Hiei" provided escort cover during carrier raids on Darwin in February 1942, before a joint engagement with "Kirishima" that sank an American destroyer in March. She participated in carrier actions against Ceylon and Midway Island, and was subsequently drydocked in July. Following carrier escort duty during the Battles of the Eastern Solomons and Santa-Cruz, "Hiei" departed as the flagship of Rear Admiral Hiroaki Abe's Combat Division 11 to bombard Henderson Field on the night of 12–13 November 1942. When the fleet encountered Rear Admiral Daniel Callaghan's Task Group in Ironbottom Sound, the First Naval Battle of Guadalcanal ensued. In an extremely confusing melee, "Hiei" disabled two American heavy cruisers—killing two rear admirals in the process—but was hit by about 85 shells from the guns of cruisers and destroyers, rendering her virtually unmaneuverable. Abe transferred his flag to "Kirishima", and the battleship was taken under tow by the same ship, but one of her rudders froze in the full starboard position. Over the next day, "Hiei" was attacked by American aircraft many different times. While trying to evade an attack at 14:00, "Hiei" lost her emergency rudder and began to show a list to stern and starboard. "Hiei" was scuttled northwest of Savo Island on the evening of 13 November by Japanese destroyers.


title: Kongō-class battlecruiser

text: "Kirishima"s keel was laid in Mitsubishi's Nagasaki yard on 17 March 1912. She was launched about a year and a half later (1 December 1913) and transferred to Sasebo Naval Arsenal for fitting out. After her completion on 19 April 1915, she served off Japan, China and Korea's coasts during the First World War. After the war, she alternated between being based in Japan and patrolling off Japanese ports. On 14 September 1922, she collided with the destroyer , causing minor damage to both ships. "Kirishima" also assisted rescue efforts in the aftermath of the devastating 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, which destroyed most of Tokyo. After being sent to the reserve fleet in December 1923, she received a refit during 1924. Returning to the main fleet, the battlecruiser operated off China for periods of time in 1925–1926, until she returned to reserve from 1927 to 1931 in preparation for a major reconstruction. Her superstructure was rebuilt, and she received extensive upgrades to armour, propulsion, and waterline bulges. After a period of fleet duty in the early 1930s, she underwent a two-year reconstruction (1934–1936) to rebuild her as a Fast Battleship. This upgrade improved her engine plant, redesigned the superstructure, lengthened the stern, and enabled her to equip floatplanes. After serving as a transport and support-ship during the Second Sino-Japanese War, "Kirishima" escorted the aircraft carrier strikeforce bound for the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941. Following the start of World War II, "Kirishima" served as an escort during carrier attacks on Port Darwin and the Dutch East Indies. "Kirishima" joined her sister ships in escorting naval sorties against Ceylon. She once again served escort duty during the disastrous Battle of Midway, before transferring to Truk Lagoon in preparation for operations against American landings on Guadalcanal. After participating in the Battles of the Eastern Solomons and Santa Cruz, "Kirishima" joined "Hiei" in a night attack on 13 November 1942. Following the loss of the latter on the evening of 13 November, "Kirishima" subsequently engaged American battleships on the night of 14/15 November. She managed to inflict superficial damage on , but she was in turn caught off guard while attacking "South Dakota" and was crippled by . With her engines largely disabled and listing heavily to starboard, "Kirishima" was abandoned in the early morning of 15 November 1942. She capsized and sank at 03:25 with the loss of 212 of her crew.


title: Kongō-class battlecruiser

text: "Haruna" was laid down at Kobe by Kawasaki on 16 March 1912, launched 14 December 1913, and formally commissioned 19 April 1915. After a short patrolling duty off Sasebo, "Haruna" suffered a breech explosion during gunnery drills on 12 September 1920; seven crewmen were killed and the No. 1 turret badly damaged. After a long period of time in reserve, "Haruna" underwent her first modernization from 1926 to 1928. The process upgraded her propulsion capabilities, enabled her to carry and launch floatplanes, increasing her armour capacity by over 4,000 tons, and was shortly thereafter reclassified as a Battleship. She was overhauled a second time from 1933 to 1935, which additionally strengthened her armour and reclassified her as a fast battleship. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, "Haruna" primarily served as a large-scale troop transport for Japanese troops to the Chinese mainland. On the eve of the commencement of World War II, "Haruna" sailed as part of Vice-Admiral Nobutake Kondō's Southern Force. On 8 December 1941, "Haruna" provided heavy support for the invasion of Malaya and Singapore. She participated in the major Japanese offensives in the southern and southwestern Pacific in early 1942, before sailing as part of the carrier-strike force during the Battle of Midway. "Haruna" bombarded American positions at Henderson Field at Guadalcanal, and provided escort to carriers during the Solomon Islands campaign. In 1943, she deployed as part of a larger force on multiple occasions to counter the threat of American carrier strikes, but did not actively participate in a single battle. In 1944, "Haruna" was an escort during the Battle of the Philippine Sea and fought American surface vessels off Samar during the Battle of Leyte Gulf. She was the only one of the four battleships in her class to survive 1944. "Haruna" remained at Kure throughout 1945, where she was sunk by aircraft of Task Force 38 on 28 July 1945, after taking nine bomb hits at her moorings. She was subsequently raised and broken up for scrap in 1946.


title: Jayson Williams

text: Jayson Williams (born February 22, 1968) is an American former professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for 11 seasons, primarily with the New Jersey Nets. He played his first three seasons with the Philadelphia 76ers, who acquired him in trade with the Phoenix Suns following the 1990 NBA draft. Williams spent the remainder of his career with the Nets and was an All-Star in 1998.


title: Jayson Williams

text: Following his retirement, Williams was charged in 2002 with the accidental shooting death of a limousine driver. He pled guilty to aggravated assault in 2010 and served a 27-month prison sentence.


title: Jayson Williams

text: Williams was born in Ritter, South Carolina, to Elijah Joshua "EJ" Williams and Barbara Williams. He is of Polish, Italian and African-American descent. His mother Barbara worked for years at Gouverneur skilled nursing facility in lower Manhattan. Raised Catholic, Williams moved to Brooklyn at the age of twelve and attended Christ The King Regional High School and St. John's University, both in New York City, and played on the basketball team at both.


title: Jayson Williams

text: Williams was selected by the Phoenix Suns in the first round with the 21st pick of the 1990 NBA draft. His draft rights were thereafter traded by the Suns to the Philadelphia 76ers for a 1993 first-round draft choice on October 28, 1990. After two seasons as a bench player with the 76ers, Williams was traded to the New Jersey Nets for conditional draft choices on October 8, 1992.


title: Jayson Williams

text: While with the Nets, Williams only earned 12 starts in his first three seasons with the team before finally earning a full-time starting position in the 1996–97 season. The following season, on October 31, 1997, Williams set a franchise record with 17 offensive rebounds (20 total) in an opening night 97-95 win over the Indiana Pacers. That season, Williams had a career year, leading the league in offensive rebounds and offensive rebound percentage while also finishing the season in the top five in total rebounds, rebounds per game, total rebound percentage and offensive rating. Williams also received an All-Star game selection, playing in the 1998 NBA All-Star Game.


title: Jayson Williams

text: Williams' career came to a sudden end on April 1, 1999, after he broke his right leg in a collision with teammate Stephon Marbury in a game against the Atlanta Hawks. The following day, Williams underwent career-ending surgery in which a plate and five screws were inserted into his leg. After sitting out the entire 1999–2000 season, Williams officially announced his retirement on June 28, 2000, at the age of 32 after 11 seasons. At the time of the injury, Williams was in the first year of a six-year, $90 million contract. In 2005, he briefly came out of retirement to play for the Idaho Stampede of the Continental Basketball Association.


title: Jayson Williams

text: In 1992, Williams was accused of breaking a beer mug over a patron's head at a saloon in Chicago. Two years later, he was accused of firing a semiautomatic weapon into the parking lot at the Meadowlands Sports Complex. He was never criminally charged in either case.


title: Jayson Williams

text: On February 14, 2002, 55-year-old limousine driver Costas "Gus" Christofi was shot and killed at Williams's estate in Alexandria Township, New Jersey. Christofi had been hired to drive Williams's NBA charity team from a Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, event to his mansion, about northwest of Trenton, New Jersey. Members of Williams's NBA charity basketball team were present at the scene. The "New York Post" reported that Williams was playing with a shotgun while giving a tour of his home when the weapon fired, killing Christofi.


title: Jayson Williams

text: In April 2004, Williams was acquitted of the more serious charges against him, but the court's jury deadlocked on a charge of reckless manslaughter. He was convicted on four counts of trying to cover up the shooting.


title: Jayson Williams

text: On April 21, 2006, a Hunterdon County appeals court ruled that Williams could be retried on a reckless manslaughter charge stemming from the shooting death of Christofi. The court repeatedly delayed the retrial for a series of reasons, such as the State's 2008 appeal of a ruling relating to prosecutorial misconduct at the first trial.


title: Jayson Williams

text: On January 11, 2010, Williams pleaded guilty to aggravated assault. On February 23, 2010, he was finally sentenced to 5 years in prison with possible parole after 18 months. Williams was subsequently moved on April 19, 2011, to Rikers Island to serve an additional 1-year sentence for a DWI, of which he served 8 months and was released from custody on April 13, 2012. On the entire experience, Williams said in a 2012 interview with ESPN: "…I truly don't want to see anybody cause any more pain to anybody. And I don't want to see anybody in a cage, man. Everybody thinks they're so tough and they can go to jail. I've never seen a newbie go to jail and not cry the first two months every night, scream and have to get suicide prevention in front of his cell." Relating specifically to the shooting incident, Williams went on to say "I struggle with the loss of lives. The loss of Mr. Christofi and the loss of my father. An hour doesn't go by that I don't think about [the accident], think about how can I replay this as to bring back Mr. Christofi. And not one person died that night, two people died. My dad had never been in the hospital in 70 years. That's the ripple effect."


title: Jayson Williams

text: The New York City Police Department (NYPD) reported on April 27, 2009, that Williams was stunned with a taser in a New York City hotel by members of the NYPD after reports that Williams had become suicidal and violent. Upon entering the Manhattan hotel room police said that Williams was visibly intoxicated, and that empty bottles of prescription medications were found around the room. Officers stunned him with the taser and took him to a hospital.


title: Jayson Williams

text: Williams was arrested on May 24, 2009, for allegedly punching a man in the face at a bar in Raleigh, North Carolina. He was charged with simple assault. Later the charges were dropped.


title: Jayson Williams

text: On January 5, 2010, Williams was charged with driving while intoxicated after an early morning accident in lower Manhattan, in which he crashed his Mercedes into a tree. On August 20, 2010, he was sentenced to an additional year in prison, to be added on to the five-year prison sentence for the shooting death of a limousine driver. He additionally received a $16,433 fine for the damage to the tree. Williams was released from prison in April 2012.


title: Jayson Williams

text: Williams was the principal owner of the New Jersey Storm of the National Lacrosse League (NLL). The franchise operated for two seasons, 2002 and 2003, before moving to Anaheim, California, and becoming the Anaheim Storm. Due to consistently poor results, as well as its presence in tough markets, the Storm failed to make much of an impression and it became defunct before the start of the 2006 season.


title: Jayson Williams

text: In 2001, Williams authored a book about basketball entitled "Loose Balls". The book, intended largely to be a humorous recollection of Williams's life in the NBA, was later cited as containing nine separate anecdotes involving his tendency to play with guns, including one where football player Wayne Chrebet is nearly shot and one where the uncle of Manute Bol is threatened with an unloaded handgun.


title: Jayson Williams

text: In 2012, Williams published a second book, an autobiography entitled "Humbled ~ Letters From Prison". The book includes revelations about being abused as a child.


title: Jayson Williams

text: In 1996, Williams proposed during halftime of a nationally televised basketball game to model Cynthia Bailey. The two later parted.


title: Jayson Williams

text: Williams married Kellie Batiste in December 1999; they divorced soon afterward. In 2000, he married Tanya Young and together they had two daughters. The couple divorced in 2011. Young was a cast member of VH1's reality TV show "".


title: Jayson Williams

text: Williams' father, Elijah Joshua Williams, died of a stroke aged 76 in November 2009. All 3 of his sisters died tragically. Two from AIDS (one after a blood transfusion following a mugging), and another was killed by her husband in a murder-suicide.


title: Jayson Williams

text: In 2022, St. John's University announced intentions to induct Williams into their athletics Hall of Fame.


title: Joshua Selman

text: Joshua Selman Nimmak, also known as Apostle Joshua Selman is a Nigerian Gospel minister, instrumentalist, Chemical Engineer, conference speaker, and televangelist. He is the founder and Senior Pastor of the Eternity Network International (ENI).He hails from Langtang in Plateau State.


title: Joshua Selman

text: On 25 June 1980, Selman was born in Jos, Plateau State. He was raised in a Christian home, according to Christian tenets. Selman said in an interview at the Household of David Church, Lagos, that his maternal grandfather was the first president of Church of Christ In Nations (COCIN).


title: Joshua Selman

text: He studied chemical engineering at the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Selman began his work as a minister of God as an undergraduate, preaching and sharing the gospel to fellow students in school with the help of his friends.


title: Joshua Selman

text: Selman began his Christian ministry as a preacher to student congregations while in university, alongside friends, at various gatherings they got invited to. Selman afterwards founded Eternity Network International (ENI) in March 2011,in Zaria, Kaduna state, commonly called "Koinonia", created to impact lives by way of worship and studying the Word of God. It is often said that Apostle Selman is a man of God who has mastered the dynamics of hosting and introducing God’s presence and effortlessly demonstrating the power and potency of God’s Word. Koinonia Abuja is a branch of Eternity Network International, also known as Koinonia Global, located in Abuja, Nigeria. The ministry was launched on Sunday 28th February, 2021 with the first inaugural teaching delivered by Apostle Joshua Selman.


title: Joshua Selman

text: Joshua Selman was listed by "YNaija" in December 2018 and April 2020 as one of the 100 most influential Christian ministers in Nigeria.


title: The Way Down (TV series)

text: The Way Down is a 2021 American documentary television miniseries directed and produced by Marina Zenovich. It follows Gwen Shamblin Lara, the founder of a diet program "Weigh Down Workshop", and The Remnant Fellowship, a new Christian group led by Shamblin Lara. It consists of 5 episodes and premiered with the first three on HBO Max on September 30, 2021, with the last two premiering on April 28, 2022.


title: The Way Down (TV series)

text: The series follows Gwen Shamblin Lara, the founder of a diet program "Weigh Down Workshop", and The Remnant Fellowship, a church founded by Shamblin Lara.


title: The Way Down (TV series)

text: Nile Cappello began researching Gwen Shamblin Lara and The Remnant Fellowship, spending months getting to know former members. Cappello brought the project to Campfire, who agreed to produce the series, and asked Marina Zenovich to direct.


title: The Way Down (TV series)

text: The producers had reached out to Gwen Shamblin Lara and The Remnant Fellowship for an interview, but all declined. However, the church posted a response to the miniseries on the RemnantFellowship.org website. During the final stages of post-production on the series, Gwen Shamblin Lara died in a plane crash. Afterward, people who had been unwilling to speak about their experiences with Shamblin Lara and The Remnant Fellowship reached out to Zenovich.


title: Toxin

text: A toxin is a naturally occurring organic poison produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms. Toxins occur especially as a protein or conjugated protein. The term toxin was first used by organic chemist Ludwig Brieger (1849–1919) and is derived from the word toxic.


title: Toxin

text: Toxins can be small molecules, peptides, or proteins that are capable of causing disease on contact with or absorption by body tissues interacting with biological macromolecules such as enzymes or cellular receptors. Toxins vary greatly in their toxicity, ranging from usually minor (such as a bee sting) to potentially fatal even at extremely low doses (such as botulinum toxin). Toxins are largely secondary metabolites, which are organic compounds that are not directly involved in an organism's growth, development, or reproduction, instead often aiding it in matters of defense.


title: Toxin

text: Less strict understandings embrace naturally occurring non-organic toxins, such as arsenic. Other understandings embrace synthetic analogs of naturally occurring organic poisons as toxins, and may or may not embrace naturally occurring non-organic poisons. It is important to confirm usage if a common understanding is critical.


title: Toxin

text: Toxins are a subset of toxicants. The term toxicant is preferred when the poison is man-made and therefore artificial. However, the human and scientific genetic assembly of a natural-based toxin should be considered a toxin as it is identical to its natural counterpart. The debate is one of linguistic semantics.


title: Toxin

text: The word toxin does not specify method of delivery (as opposed to venom, a toxin delivered via a bite, sting, etc.). Poison is a related but broader term that encompasses both toxins and toxicants; poisons may enter the body through any means - typically inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption. Toxin, toxicant, and poison are often used interchangeably despite these subtle differences in definition. The term toxungen has also been proposed to refer to toxins that are delivered onto the body surface of another organism without an accompanying wound.<ref name="10.1111/brv.12062">Nelsen, D. R., Nisani, Z., Cooper, A. M., Fox, G. A., Gren, E. C., Corbit, A. G., & Hayes, W. K. (2014). "Poisons, toxungens, and venoms: redefining and classifying toxic biological secretions and the organisms that employ them". Biological Reviews, 89(2), 450–465. doi: 10.1111/brv.12062 PMID: 24102715</ref>


title: Toxin

text: A rather informal terminology of individual toxins relates them to the anatomical location where their effects are most notable:


title: Toxin

text: On a broader scale, toxins may be classified as either exotoxins, excreted by an organism, or endotoxins, which are released mainly when bacteria are lysed.


title: Toxin

text: The term "biotoxin" is sometimes used to explicitly confirm the biological origin as opposed to environmental or anthropogenic origins. Biotoxins can be classified by their mechanism of delivery as poisons (passively transferred via ingestion, inhalation, or absorption across the skin), toxungens (actively transferred to the target's surface by spitting, spraying, or smearing), or venoms (delivered through a wound generated by a bite, sting, or other such action). They can also be classified by their source, such as fungal biotoxins, microbial toxins, plant biotoxins, or animal biotoxins.


title: Toxin

text: Toxins produced by microorganisms are important virulence determinants responsible for microbial pathogenicity and/or evasion of the host immune response.


title: Toxin

text: Biotoxins vary greatly in purpose and mechanism, and can be highly complex (the venom of the cone snail can contain over 100 unique peptides, which target specific nerve channels or receptors).


title: Toxin

text: Many living organisms employ toxins offensively or defensively. A relatively small number of toxins are known to have the potential to cause widespread sickness or casualties, but these may be appealing to those who would use them nefariously for several reasons. They are often inexpensive and easily available, and in some cases it is possible to refine them outside the laboratory. As biotoxins act quickly, and are highly toxic even at low doses, they can be more efficient than chemical agents.


title: Toxin

text: Due to these factors, it is vital to raise awareness of the clinical symptoms of biotoxin poisoning, and to develop effective countermeasures including rapid investigation, response, and treatment.


title: Toxin

text: The term "environmental toxin" can sometimes explicitly include synthetic contaminants such as industrial pollutants and other artificially made toxic substances. As this contradicts most formal definitions of the term "toxin", it is important to confirm what the researcher means when encountering the term outside of microbiological contexts.


title: Toxin

text: In general, when scientists determine the amount of a substance that may be hazardous for humans, animals and/or the environment they determine the amount of the substance likely to trigger effects and if possible establish a safe level. In Europe, the European Food Safety Authority produced risk assessments for more than 4,000 substances in over 1,600 scientific opinions and they provide open access summaries of human health, animal health and ecological hazard assessments in their OpenFoodTox database. The OpenFoodTox database can be used to screen potential new foods for toxicity.


title: Toxin

text: The Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Program (TEHIP) at the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) maintains a comprehensive toxicology and environmental health web site that includes access to toxins-related resources produced by TEHIP and by other government agencies and organizations. This web site includes links to databases, bibliographies, tutorials, and other scientific and consumer-oriented resources. TEHIP also is responsible for the Toxicology Data Network (TOXNET), an integrated system of toxicology and environmental health databases that are available free of charge on the web.


title: Toxin

text: TOXMAP is a Geographic Information System (GIS) that is part of TOXNET. TOXMAP uses maps of the United States to help users visually explore data from the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Toxics Release Inventory and Superfund Basic Research Programs.


title: Toxin

text: In the context of quackery and alternative medicine, the term "toxin" is used to refer to any substance alleged to cause ill health. This could range from trace amounts of potentially dangerous pesticides, to supposedly harmful substances produced in the body by intestinal fermentation (auto-intoxication), to food ingredients such as table sugar, monosodium glutamate (MSG), and aspartame.


title: Toxin

text: The use of "detoxification" or "detox" as justification for treatments such as infrared saunas, diets, or chiropractic treatments, is often called the "toxin gambit", referring to a marketing technique which can frighten the public into seeking treatments that claim to remove unspecified toxins. These claims can be harmful financially and physically. Healthy kidneys and liver are all that most people need to remove almost anything potentially toxic that would be ingested.


title: Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka

text: Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka () is an Indian romantic drama series which premiered on 4 June 2018 on Colors TV. It was produced by Sunjoy Waddhwa by Sphere Origins. The show focused on changing relationships, love triangles and extra marital affairs. In 2018, the story revolved around Kunal, Nandini and Mauli played by Shakti Arora, Drashti Dhami and Aditi Sharma. In 2018, the show moved to digital platform Voot and in 2019, took a generation leap, focusing on Mishti, Pari and Ruhaan played by Tejasswi Prakash, Aneri Vajani and Kunal Jaisingh.


title: Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka

text: The first season was about Kunal, Mauli and Nandini where Kunal and Nandini fall for each other while Mauli moves on in life with Ishaan after divorcing Kunal. It also focused on showing domestic violence against women by showcasing Nandini's husband, Rajdeep. The first season was first telecasted on Colors TV but later shifted to Voot. while the second season which focused on modern age youth, love and relationships was fully on digital streaming platform Voot.


title: Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka

text: Mauli Srivastav and Nandini Verma are best friends who grew up together. Nandini chooses Rajdeep Thakur over Mauli's friendship despite her of warning Nandini of his bad character which leads to a fallout between the two and they part ways.


title: Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka

text: Mauli, who is now a gynaecologist is married to Kunal Malhotra who is a pediatrician. Married to Rajdeep, Nandini is a victim of domestic violence. An ambitious businessman and a dominating husband, Rajdeep often abuses Nandini, both physically and mentally.


title: Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka

text: Kunal sees Nandini at a medical conference and saves her from a major accident. He discovers she is the friend Mauli reminisces about. He discusses it with Mauli. She meets Nandini after seven years. Nandini informs Mauli of her pregnancy. Rajdeep beats Nandini upon hearing about her pregnancy and leaves her on a road. Kunal finds her and takes her to the hospital. Nandini miscarries.


title: Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka

text: With the support of Kunal, she gets Rajdeep arrested on domestic abuse charges and begins to live in Kunal's home. He starts falling for her; he reminds himself about Mauli but is unable to stop thinking about Nandini. Slowly, she begins to feel the same for Kunal and decides to leave town due to her inability to control her romantic feelings for him.


title: Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka

text: When Kunal learns this, he stops her and confesses his own feelings. Nandini and Kunal love each other secretly. Mauli is heartbroken upon knowing this and want to move out his house. Kunal's mother stops her from leaving and force Kunal to leave. Kunal accepts his mistake and gets out of house. Mauli files for a divorce. After Kunal and Mauli parted their ways, Kunal and Nandini planned to get married. Mauli finds out that she is pregnant. Kunal discovers this, but accuses her of false pregnancy after a misunderstanding. He marries Nandini and they move out while Mauli decides to get up by herself.


title: Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka

text: Mauli lives with her daughter Mishti Malhotra and best friend Ishaan Khanna. Kunal returns from London with his and Nandini's daughter Pari. He is unaware that Mishti is his daughter. Mishti and Pari become best friends, unaware they are half-sisters. Kunal and Mauli come face to face. She learns that Nandini died due to cancer. She is deeply heartbroken and begins to take care of Pari as her own.


title: Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka

text: Kunal discovers that Mishti is his daughter. However, Mishti also learns that Kunal is her father, and becomes bitter towards him and Pari. Mauli forgives Nandini. Ishaan proposes to her. Kunal loses his memory in an accident, only remembering Mauli. She stays with him. Kunal after having visions of past finally regains his memory and meet Pari. Later Mauli marries Ishaan they soon have a son, named Ansh Khanna.


title: Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka

text: Mishti, Pari and Ansh grow up. Mauli, Kunal and Ishaan are dead. Mishti is a perfectionist who believes in love and commitment, about to get engaged to her boyfriend, Veer. Pari is commitment phobic and easy going; her childhood friend Arnav loves her but she doesn't love him. Mishti and Pari run an event-management company.


title: Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka

text: Pari gets fascinated by Veer's friend, Ruhaan; who is attracted to Mishti. He develops a conflicting relation with Mishti and an easy going bond of friendship with Pari.


title: Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka

text: Mishti and Veer get engaged. Ruhaan tries to ignore his feelings for her. Mishti is nervous sensing how she feels around Ruhaan and tries to push away her love.


title: Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka

text: Pari starts falling for Ruhaan. Arnav is heartbroken. Eventually, Mishti accepts her feelings for Ruhaan. They confess their love to each other; she breaks up with Veer, who informs Pari about Mishti and Ruhaan's relationship hoping to cause problems between them. Upon knowing Pari's feelings for Ruhaan, Mishti decides to sacrifice her love.


title: Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka

text: She denies having feelings for Ruhaan by faking to get back with Veer. Pari proposes Ruhaan but is heartbroken when he rejects her. Ruhaan questions Mishti's sacrifice. She is adamant. later after many discussion mishti-veer and pari-ruhaan's marriage is fixed .on the wedding day, Mishti faints and is diagnosed with a lupus. Pari discovers Mishti and Ruhaan's love for each other, and donates her kidney to save Mishti.


title: Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka

text: Mishti and Ruhaan get married and move into a new house in same apartment. Mishti, Pari, Ruhaan, Ansh and Arnav celebrate together with Kunal's mother, Radhika.


title: Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka

text: Initially, Devoleena Bhattacharjee was selected to play Nandini but the role went to Drashti Dhami. Similarly, Sukirti Kandpal was selected to play Dr Mauli but Aditi Sharma got the role. Likewise, although Aham Sharma was selected to play Rajdeep, Abhinav Shukla was later chosen.


title: Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka

text: The serial was named " 'Bawre Nain' " but the makers changed the title to "'Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka"'.


title: Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka

text: Dhami stated that the serial is not about extra marital affairs but it focus on the friendship between two friends and two couples and how circumstances takes place in their lives.


title: Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka

text: Shweta Ksheri of "India Today" wrote, "Drashti Dhami nails it as the tormented wife; a good comeback for the actress." Soumyata Chauhan of "DNA India" wrote: "Shakti-Aditi's sizzling romance perfectly off-sets Drashti Dhami's abusive marriage." Shruti Shiksha of "NDTV" wrote: "The show is a good take on new-age friendship, love and marriage". "The Times of India" stated, ""Silsila Badalte Rishton" Ka has managed to grab the attention of the viewers for its unique storyline and bold content".


title: Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka

text: In the beginning, the makers and Drashti Dhami told that the series is not about extra marital affairs but how circumstances takes place in couples lives and channel programming head of Colors stated that the serial is about exploring an evolved and modern love story.


title: Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka

text: In September 2018, some audiences were not happy about the storyline and blames the makers and main cast for showing extra marital affairs content on national television.


title: Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan

text: Jamaat-e-Islami (JI; Urdu: , "Islamic Congress"), or Jamaat as it is simply known, is an Islamist political party which is based in Pakistan and it is the Pakistani successor to Jamaat-e-Islami, which was founded in colonial India in 1941. Its objective is the transformation of Pakistan into an Islamic state, governed by Sharia law, through a gradual legal, and political process.


title: Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan

text: JI strongly opposes capitalism, communism, liberalism, and secularism as well as economic practices such as offering bank interest. JI is a vanguard party: its members form an "elite" with "affiliates" and then "sympathizers" beneath them. The party leader is called an "ameer". Although it does not have a large popular following, the party is quite influential and considered one of the major Islamic movements in Pakistan, along with Deobandi and Barelvi (represented by Jamiat Ulema-e Islam and Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan respectively).


title: Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan

text: Jamaat-e-Islami was founded in Lahore, British India in 1941 by the Muslim theologian and socio-political philosopher, Abul Ala Maududi, who was widely influenced by the Sharia based reign of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. At the time of the Indian independence movement, Maududi and the Jamaat-e-Islami actively worked to oppose the partition of India. In 1947, following the partition of India, the Jamaat split into two organisations, Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan and Jamaat-e-Islami Hind (the Indian wing). Other wings of Jamaat include Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir, founded in 1953, Jamaat-e-Islami Azad Kashmir founded in 1974, and Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami, founded in 1975.


title: Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan

text: Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan came under severe government repression in 1948, 1953, and 1963. During the early years of the regime of General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, Jamaat-e-Islami's position improved and was became seen as the "regime's ideological and political arm", with party members at times holding cabinet portfolios of information and broadcasting, production, and water, power and natural resources (although none remained long in their positions).


title: Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan

text: In 1971, during the Bangladesh Liberation War, JI opposed the independence of Bangladesh. However, in 1975, it established Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh with Abbas Ali Khan (Joypurhat) as the first ameer. Since the early 1980s, it has also developed close links with Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir and acted as the vanguard of the armed insurgency in Kashmir.


title: Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan

text: Jamaat-e-Islami's founder and leader until 1972 was Abul A'la Maududi, a widely read Islamist philosopher and political commentator, who wrote about the role of Islam in South Asia. His thought was influenced by many factors including the Khilafat Movement; Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's ascension at the end of the Ottoman Caliphate; and the impact of Indian Nationalism, the Indian National Congress and Hinduism on Muslims in India. He supported what he called "Islamization from above", through an Islamic state in which sovereignty would be exercised in the name of Allah and Islamic law ("sharia") would be implemented. Mawdudi believed politics was "an integral, inseparable part of the Islamic faith, and that the Islamic state that Muslim political action seeks to build" would not only be an act of piety but would also solve the many (seemingly non-religious) social and economic problems that Muslims faced.


title: Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan

text: Maududi opposed British rule but also opposed the Muslim nationalist movement (nationalism being un-Islamic) and their plan for a circumscribed "Muslim state". Maududi agitating instead for an "Islamic state" covering the whole of India – this despite the fact Muslims made up only about one quarter of India's population.


title: Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan

text: Jamaat-e-Islami thus actively opposed the partition of India, with its leader Maulana Abul A'la Maududi arguing that concept violated the Islamic doctrine of the ummah. The Jamaat-e-Islami saw the partition as creating a temporal border that would divide Muslims from one another.


title: Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan

text: Jamaat-e-Islami was founded in colonial India on 26 August 1941, at Islamia Park in the city of Lahore, before the Partition of India. JI began as an Islamist social and political movement. Seventy-five people attended the first meeting and became the first members of the movement. Maulana Amin Ahsan Islahi, Maulana Naeem Siddiqui, Maulana Muhammad Manzoor Naumanai and Maulana Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi (although he left after a few years) were among the founders of Jamat e Islami along with Syed Abul Ala Maududi.


title: Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan

text: Maududi saw his group as a vanguard of Islamic revolution following the footsteps of early Muslims who gathered in Medina to found an Islamic state. JI was and is strictly and hierarchically organised in a pyramid-like structure, working toward the common goal of establishing an ideological Islamic society, particularly though educational and social work, under the leadership of its emirs (commanders or leaders). As a vanguard party, its fully-fledged members ("arkan") are intended to be leaders and devoted to the party, but there is also a category of much more numerous sympathizers and workers ("karkun").


title: Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan

text: The emir is obliged by the party constitution to consult an assembly called the "shura". The JI also developed sub-organisations, such as those for women and students. JI began by volunteering in refugee camps; performing social work; opening hospitals and medical clinics and by gathering the skins of animals sacrificed for Eid-ul-Azha.


title: Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan

text: JI had a number of unique features. All members, including its founder Mawdudi, uttered the shahadah – the traditional act of converts to Islam – when they joined. This was a symbolic gesture of conversion to a new Islamic perspective, but to some implied that "the Jamaat stood before Muslim society as Islam before jahiliyah", (pre-Islamic ignorance). After Pakistan was formed, it forbade Pakistanis to take an oath of allegiance to the state until it became Islamic, arguing that a Muslim could in clear conscience render allegiance only to God.


title: Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan

text: Following the Partition of India, Maududi and JI migrated from East Punjab to Lahore in Pakistan. There they volunteered to help the thousands of refugees pouring into the country from India – performing social work; opening hospitals and medical clinics; and by gathering the skins of animals sacrificed for Eid-ul-Azha.


title: Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan

text: JI opposed the Awami League East Pakistani separatist movement. Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba organised the Al-Badar to fight the Mukti Bahini (Bengali liberation forces). In 1971, during the Bangladesh liberation war, JI members may have collaborated with the Pakistani army.


title: Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan

text: After Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (1973–1977) was elected, the student wing of the Jamaat-e-Islami (Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba) burned effigies of him in Lahore and declared his election a "black day." In early 1973, the amir, of the JI even appealed to the army to overthrow Bhutto's government because of "its inherent moral corruption."


title: Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan

text: JI "spearheaded" the anti-Bhutto political movement under the religious banner of "Nizam-i-Mustafa" (Order of the Prophet). Bhutto attempted to suppress JI through the imprisonment of JI and Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba members. There were electoral irregularities at the 1975 elections with JI members being arrested in order to prevent them from lodging their nomination papers. However, by 1976, JI had 2 million registrants.


title: Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan

text: In the 1977 election, JI won nine of the 36 seats won by the opposition Pakistan National Alliance. The opposition considered the election rigged (Bhutto's PPP won 155 out of 200 seats) and Maududi, who had been arrested, called on Islamist parties to commence a campaign of civil disobedience. The Sunni-led government of Saudi Arabia intervened to secure Maududi's release from prison warning of revolution in Pakistan. JI assisted the Pakistan National Alliance (PNA) to oust Bhutto and met with Zia-ul-Haq for ninety minutes on the night before Bhutto was hanged.


title: Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan

text: Initially, JI supported General Zia-ul-Haq (1977–1987). In turn, Zia's use of Islamist rhetoric gave JI importance in public life beyond the size of its membership. According to journalist Owen Bennett-Jones, JI was the "only political party" to offer Zia "consistent support" and was rewarded with jobs for "tens of thousands of Jamaat activists and sympathisers", giving Zia's Islamic agenda power "long after he died."