title: Kris Allen

text: Allen realized during college that he wanted to play music professionally and began trying to write music. He played his first gig at a local venue in downtown Conway during his sophomore year, and he went on to drop out of college in the middle of his junior year to follow his dream of becoming a professional musician. He worked as a shoe salesman at a sporting goods store during the day to make ends meet and continued playing gigs in Little Rock and Fayetteville at night. In 2007, Allen wrote and self-produced an album entitled "Brand New Shoes" with college friends and bandmates Michael Holmes (drums) and Chase Erwin (bass). The album's title makes reference to Allen's days as a shoe salesman, and only 600 copies of the album were produced, most of which were given to family and friends.


title: Kris Allen

text: Allen auditioned for the eighth season of "American Idol" in Louisville, Kentucky, with his brother Daniel, who did not make it to Hollywood. In the early stages of the season, he was among the finalists (along with Allison Iraheta) that received the least amount of screen time. Only several seconds of his first audition (and neither of his Hollywood Week solo performances) were shown, although his group performance with "White Chocolate" (including fellow finalist Matt Giraud) was aired in its entirety. The judges also asked him to participate in an un-aired sing-off with another contestant before they allowed him to enter the semifinals round.


title: Kris Allen

text: Throughout the competition, Allen received many compliments for his folk-inspired interpretations of modern pop songs. He played several instruments during his performances, including the acoustic guitar, the electric guitar, the keyboard, and the piano. His performance of "To Make You Feel My Love" as part of the Top 11 earned praise from the judges, with Simon Cowell commenting, "I am genuinely beginning to think you have a shot of doing well in this competition." In the finals, he performed his own arrangement of "Ain't No Sunshine" on a keyboard, with a few musicians on stage, which earned praise from the judges. Cowell lauded it as Allen's "best performance so far."


title: Kris Allen

text: On the first Top 7 night, Allen chose to sing the Oscar-winning song "Falling Slowly" from the indie film "Once". While Randy Jackson described it as "pitchy from note one", Kara DioGuardi declared it "one of your best moments ever." Due to time constraints, Paula Abdul and Cowell did not comment, but on the following night's results show, Cowell stated "Kris, you were brilliant." Allen subsequently received a signed record and other gifts from the original artists, Glen Hansard and Markéta Irglová. On the second Top 7 show, Allen brought back the guitar for the fourth time and performed an original, acoustic version of "She Works Hard for the Money", complete with bongo drums and the band on stage. This earned praise from all four judges, with Abdul remarking "There aren't many men who are willing to shop in the women's department. You shopped and found a perfect fit." For his second Top 3 performance, Allen impressed the judges with an acoustic arrangement of Kanye West's "Heartless", prompting Jackson to state that he preferred it to West's original and The Fray's cover version. Cowell agreed and said, "I had written you out of the competition but that has changed after that performance." This performance helped Kris move on to the finals and win.


title: Kris Allen

text: After being voted into the Top 3, Allen returned to Arkansas, filming the hometown material needed for the next two "American Idol" episodes. Allen's homecoming parade was greeted by a crowd estimated to be greater than 20,000. Allen performed at three concerts in Little Rock and Conway, Arkansas, playing many of his popular songs during the competition, including "Man in the Mirror", "Ain't No Sunshine", "Falling Slowly" and "She Works Hard for the Money" at the venues, as well as "Come Together" at the studio of local Fox affiliate KLRT-TV. He accompanied himself on all of these songs with his guitar.


title: Kris Allen

text: During the final performance show, Allen performed a reprise of "Ain't No Sunshine", Simon Fuller's choice of "What's Going On" and the coronation song, "No Boundaries". During the final results show, he performed a duet with Keith Urban, singing Urban's single "Kiss a Girl", as well as a series of medleys with his fellow Season 8 contestants. Before the results were announced, Allen performed "We Are the Champions" with eventual runner-up Adam Lambert and Brian May and Roger Taylor of Queen.


title: Kris Allen

text: On May 20, 2009, Kris Allen was declared the winner of the eighth season of "American Idol", becoming the first married contestant to claim the title, as well as the sixth winner from the show's inception from the Southern United States. Allen also became the first winner to accept a trophy shaped like a microphone. Nearly 100 million votes were cast during the finale, setting a new world record for a televised singing competition. Unlike the previous season, the winning margin was undisclosed. Numerous sources, including the Associated Press, claimed that the margin "wasn't even close". Allen has admitted that the alleged disparity in votes was a "total surprise" to him.


title: Kris Allen

text: Certain commentators labeled the win as an "upset" since runner-up Adam Lambert had received a significant amount of media attention throughout the season and was widely perceived to be the show's front-runner. Allen's victory was seen as highly controversial as viewers and the media speculated about the details of the result. However, during the Top 3 results show, host Ryan Seacrest had revealed that the margin between Allen and Lambert was fewer than a million votes. Fox and AT&T have stated that they "stand by the outcome" and are "absolutely certain" that "Kris Allen is the American Idol".


title: Kris Allen

text: After winning "Idol", Allen made his "Billboard" Hot 100 debut with five songs charting within the top 100. His coronation single "No Boundaries" debuted at number 11, followed by "Heartless" at number 16, "Ain't No Sunshine" at number 37, "Apologize" at number 66, and "Falling Slowly" at number 94. "No Boundaries" also topped the iTunes singles chart following the "Idol" season finale. On June 7, 2009, Allen performed the National Anthem at Game 2 of the 2009 NBA Finals to a packed house including Adam Levine, Jack Nicholson, Rihanna, Paula Abdul and Leonardo DiCaprio. Following the performance, which was described as "executed to perfection", the announcement was made that Allen had signed a record deal with Jive Records (along with fellow finalist Allison Iraheta). His major label debut was quickly scheduled for a Fall 2009 release.


title: Kris Allen

text: On his self-titled debut album, Allen collaborated with Claude Kelly, David Hodges, Jon Foreman of Switchfoot, Salaam Remi and Joe King of The Fray. He also worked with Toby Gad, Alex Band of The Calling, Dan Wilson of Semisonic, Chris Daughtry and Mat Kearney for the album. Allen's debut single, "Live Like We're Dying" was released via Z100 in New York on September 21, 2009. On November 6, 2009, his music video for "Live Like We're Dying" premiered on AOL's PopEater.com. "Live Like We're Dying" would go on to peak at number 18 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and achieve platinum status with over 1.7 million in combined sales.


title: Kris Allen

text: "Kris Allen" was released on November 17, 2009. Allen wrote or co-wrote 9 of 12 tracks on the album. In a break with "Idol" tradition, Allen chose not to include his coronation single "No Boundaries" on his debut album, choosing instead to record a new version of his cover of "Heartless" as a bonus track. After its first week of sales, the album debuted at 11 on the "Billboard" 200 after selling just over 80,000 copies. Allen's first-week album sales were the weakest that had yet been seen by an "Idol" champion's post-show debut, although observers attributed this partly to weak album sales throughout the industry at the time. As of December 2011, "Kris Allen" has sold approximately 329,000 copies.


title: Kris Allen

text: On February 19, 2010, Allen traveled to Haiti with the United Nations Foundation in order to raise awareness for the disaster relief efforts there as the UN and other groups continue to rebuild after the earthquake. Allen made his return to the "Idol" stage during the February 25 "American Idol" results show to share footage of his experiences in Haiti and to perform "Let It Be". This performance was made available for download as a charity single on iTunes after the show.


title: Kris Allen

text: The second single released from the album was "The Truth" featuring Pat Monahan, the lead singer of the Grammy award-winning rock band Train, who co-wrote the song. Allen performed the song live at the American Idol Season 9 finale on May 26, 2010. That same night, Allen joined the other "Idol" winners to sing "Together We Are One" to honor Simon Cowell. Allen hit the road for his first solo tour during June and July 2010 with Green River Ordinance and Justin Gaston as opening acts. He then went on to join a few major tours over the rest of the summer, opening for Barenaked Ladies, Maroon 5, and Keith Urban between July and September 2010. He then opened for Lifehouse during October and November 2010. Allen revealed that the third single off his album would be "Alright with Me" on October 6, 2010. On November 18, 2010, he posted an unofficial music video for the song on his official website to thank his fans for their support.


title: Kris Allen

text: "Before We Come Undone", a song that Allen had co-written for his debut album, was covered by season six "South African Idol" runner-up Lloyd Cele for his debut album "One" released April 24, 2011. Allen co-wrote a song, "Still Got Tonight", with Andrew Frampton and Steve Kipner that appeared as the second single on "Glee"'s Matthew Morrison's self-titled debut album released May 10, 2011. "Still Got Tonight" was also featured in the season 2 finale of "Glee" sung by Matthew Morrison himself. On May 29, 2011, Kris sang "God Bless the USA" at the National Memorial Day Concert in Washington, D.C., aired live by PBS.


title: Kris Allen

text: Allen co-wrote a song, "Blindfolded" with Lindy Robbins and Toby Gad that appeared on the season one "South African Idol" winner, Heinz Winckler's album "24/7/365". released July 8, 2011. The song was released as Winckler's English debut single & performed at the finale of the 2011 edition of "South African Idol". The song was later recorded by Allen himself, who included it on his second album. Allen co-wrote a song, "Raise Your Hand", with Andrew Frampton and Kevin Hughes that appears on "The Voice" season one winner Javier Colon's debut album "Come Through For You" released November 21, 2011. Javier sang the song as part of the Walmart Soundcheck performance series.


title: Kris Allen

text: On December 3, 2011, Allen along with Grammy-winning singer/songwriter and producer, David Hodges and Andy Davis, founder of Music Empowers Foundation were celebrity judges for The Alchemy Songwriting Competition in Conway, AR. The proceeds of the contest to benefit Blackbird Academy, an arts and music school in Conway, Arkansas. The following day, Allen performed John Lennon's "Imagine" at Trevor Live, a star-studded benefit for The Trevor Project.


title: Kris Allen

text: On October 7, 2011, RCA Music Group announced it was disbanding Jive Records along with Arista Records and J Records. Following the shutdown, Allen (and all other artists previously signed to these three labels) has released his recordings on the 19 Recordings and RCA Records labels. Allen debuted several new songs at an acoustic concert at The Mint in Los Angeles on February 9, 2012. The new tracks he performed were called "Monster", "Out Alive", "Better with You", "The Vision of Love" and "Teach Me How Love Goes". He also performed "Leave You Alone", "You Got a Way", and "Keep that Devil Out", which he had debuted at earlier concerts.


title: Kris Allen

text: "The Vision of Love" was officially announced as the lead single from Allen's second album on March 6, 2012. The song was co-written by Allen, Nasri, and Adam Messinger, and it is available for download on iTunes and an exclusive version consisting the remix from the Finnish duo Maison and Dragen on Walmart since March 26, 2012. The remix of the track leaked onto the internet on January 25, 2012.


title: Kris Allen

text: It was announced March 29, 2012, that Allen's second album titled, "Thank You Camellia", would be released on May 22, 2012. Allen auditioned for the lead role in the 2012 musical film "Rock of Ages", but lost the role to Diego Boneta. Although Allen was considered to be a better singer than anyone else who had tried out for the role up to that point, he had never auditioned for a film before and has said that he did not feel confident in his acting abilities. In an interview with "OK Magazine", Allen said he does not feel that he would have been a good fit for role and currently does not have any further plans to pursue acting. On September 4, 2012, Allen revealed that he parted ways with 19 Management when his contract expired in May 2012 and has signed with new management, Pearl Group Entertainment. In the same month he left RCA.


title: Kris Allen

text: On November 7, 2012, the cover of an EP entitled "Waiting for Christmas" was revealed via Twitter. The five song EP includes "Holly Jolly Christmas", "White Christmas", "O Holy Night", "Have Yourself A Merry Little Christmas", "The Christmas Song". The EP was released on December 10, 2012. On December 20, 2012, during an online concert, Allen debuted a new song called "Where Are You Amy?" that he dedicated to those affected by the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting.


title: Kris Allen

text: From January 8 to May 3, 2013, Allen toured the United States on his second solo tour "Out Alive." The tour consisted of 40 dates with bandmates, Cale Mills and Chris Torres, and newcomer Andrew St. Marie on the piano. The opening act for most of the dates was Jillette Johnson. The tour ended in a sold-out Rams Head in Hanover, Maryland.


title: Kris Allen

text: On January 8, 2014, Allen entered the recording studio with producer Charlie Peacock to begin recording his third post-"Idol" album at Peacock's studio in Nashville. "Prove It to You", featuring Lenachka, was announced as the lead single on July 1, 2014, debuted at Yahoo Music on July 7, 2014 and released on iTunes on July 8, 2014. He performed multiple tracks from the album live acoustically on Yahoo. On August 12, 2014, Allen released "Horizons". It debuted at #80 on the "Billboard" 200, and #10 on the Independent Album chart. Allen did a tour of the U.S. and Canada with the group Boyce Avenue in the fall of 2014. Meanwhile, one of his songs off "Horizons", "Lost" was used on the CW shows "Arrow" (in episode titled "The Secret Origin of Felicity Smoak") and "The Vampire Diaries" (episode titled "Alone"). Allen has continued to tour in early 2015, including performing at U.S. military bases in Italy and Portugal.


title: Kris Allen

text: In 2015, he began work on his next studio album. The lead single, "Waves", was released to digital retailers on February 19, 2016, alongside pre-orders of the album. His fifth studio album, "Letting You In," was released on March 18, 2016. "Love Will Find You" was released to American hot adult contemporary radio on September 19, 2016, as the second single.


title: Kris Allen

text: In April, he released an EP called "Acoustic Tapes" which featured songs from throughout his previous albums. "Somethin' About Christmas," was released on November 4, 2016. It was supported by the single "Mommy, Is There More Than Just One Santa Claus?" for which he asked fans for photo submissions for the music video. He also recorded a track with Jim Brickman for his album "Comfort & Joy" called "A Little Bit of Christmas" and joined him for a holiday tour.


title: Kris Allen

text: In February 2017, he released an acoustic version of his single "Waves" for Valentine's Day. Also that month, he announced he had formed a new band called The Dames. They premiered a song called "The Death of Mr. Jones" in addition to doing a StageIt show. On April 7, 2017, he released a surprise "Letting You In" acoustic EP which featured a brand new song called "Venice". On May 20, 2017, The Dames released their first song digitally, "The Death of Mr. Jones". The song was the first of six songs to be released that year by the band.


title: Kris Allen

text: On May 6, 2018, Allen announced on Twitter that he would be joining the American Idol Live! Tour as a special guest. The tour kicked off in Redding, California, on July 11. Allen also released a new single, "When All The Stars Have Died," on June 29, 2018. On September 20, 2019, Allen released "10", which consisted of reworked versions of songs from his previous albums. The album title referenced that it had been ten years since Allen won "American Idol" and began his music career.


title: Kris Allen

text: Prior to appearing on "American Idol", Allen participated in missionary work in several countries around the world, including Burma, Thailand, Mozambique, Morocco, and South Africa with the University of Central Arkansas' Chi Alpha campus ministry. In Morocco, during his first mission trip, Allen contracted a rare form of hepatitis that left him sick for an entire year after returning home. Allen credits this near-death experience with giving him the ability to write songs as he was finally able to compose his first original song while recuperating from his illness. A couple of years later, while on a mission trip in Thailand, Allen became moved when he saw a worship leader struggling with poor music and sound equipment during a church service at a refugee camp. He chose to leave behind a brand new guitar for the church to use even though that was the only guitar he owned at the time. His experiences in Thailand inspired the song "Land of Smiles" from his pre-"Idol" album "Brand New Shoes".


title: Kris Allen

text: Allen is a strong proponent of music education, and since winning "Idol", he has become heavily involved with several charitable organizations that promote music education, including the Music Empowers Foundation and Little Kids Rock. He has stated, "To me, music education is vital to every kid's development, and it can change their lives. I know that if I hadn't had access to music programs in school that I wouldn't be where I am today." For his support of music education in schools, Allen was honored by Little Kids Rock in October 2010. In November 2011, Allen announced that he would be growing a mustache for four weeks to give his fans an incentive to support DonorsChoose and Music Empowers in their efforts to promote music education in public schools. This campaign played a major role in the raising of $80,000 by Music Empowers for music education programs as more than 50% of the donations came from Allen's fans.


title: Kris Allen

text: Allen has also been a supporter of TOMS Shoes and participated in the company's first shoe drop in Rwanda in March 2010. Following his trip to Rwanda, Allen joined the Barefoot Walk at his alma mater the University of Central Arkansas and performed barefoot to support TOMS shoes and Bridge2Rwanda, an organization that collaborated with TOMS for the Rwanda shoe drop.


title: Kris Allen

text: In February 2010, Allen traveled to Haiti with the United Nations Foundation to help with relief efforts following the Haiti earthquake. When he returned, he kicked off that year's Idol Gives Back campaign by discussing his trip to Haiti and performing The Beatles' "Let It Be" on the "American Idol" Season 9 Top 24 results show on February 25, 2010. Allen's rendition of "Let It Be" was made available for download on iTunes with all proceeds going toward the UN Foundation's relief efforts in Haiti. Sales from this performance raised over $250,000 for the UN Foundation.


title: Kris Allen

text: Allen's humanitarian work has inspired his fans to organize charitable efforts in his honor. To celebrate Allen's 25th birthday, his fans donated over $25,000 to Heifer International, enough to pay for 50 cows to feed families in need. Inspired by Allen's support of music education, his fans also organized a donation of over $28,000 to Music Empowers in December 2010. In honor of Allen's 26th birthday, his fans banded together once again to donate more than $26,000 to Direct Relief toward disaster relief.


title: Kris Allen

text: In November 2012, Allen visited World Vision's project in Kenya. The visit was part of the True Spirit of Christmas tour, where Allen also made a short video clip singing "Silent Night."


title: Kris Allen

text: Allen married his high school sweetheart Katy O'Connell on September 26, 2008. The two began dating in Allen's junior year of high school. Their son was born in 2013. Their second child, a daughter, was born in 2016. Their third child, another son, was born in 2019.


title: Marina Picasso

text: Marina Picasso (born 14 November 1950) is the granddaughter of Pablo Picasso. She inherited a fifth of her grandfather's estate and has used much of the inheritance to fund humanitarian efforts for children in need. She has five children and lives in Geneva, Switzerland and Cannes, France.


title: Marina Picasso

text: Marina was born in 1950 to Emiliénne Lotte May and Paulo Picasso. Paulo was the son of a Russian ballerina Olga Khokhlova and artist Pablo Picasso. Her brother Pablito was born a year earlier on May 5, 1949.


title: Marina Picasso

text: Marina's father Paolo worked odd jobs for Pablo Picasso (such as a chauffeur), and did not spend a lot of time with his immediate family. Consequently, Marina's parents divorced in 1953, three years after she was born. Paolo remarried Christine Pauplin and they had a son, Bernard Ruiz-Picasso.


title: Marina Picasso

text: Emiliénne did not work and, "relied on handouts from her ex-husband to raise Marina and her older brother, Pablito." Paolo did not work regularly, so Marina and her brother grew up in poverty despite her grandfather's proximity and enormous wealth.


title: Marina Picasso

text: In 1957, Pablo Picasso sued unsuccessfully for custody of Marina and Pablito on the grounds that their environment was “degrading to their health and morality.” He did not succeed, but he did become more involved in their lives by paying for their school. However, he paid for room and board only so, the children struggled to pay for books and "could afford neither school trips nor proper clothes."


title: Marina Picasso

text: Marina wanted to go to college and medical school but could not pay for it. Instead, she supported herself by working in a home for children with mental health issues and learning disabilities.


title: Marina Picasso

text: Pablo Picasso died in Mougins, France on April 8, 1973. Picasso's second wife Jacqueline did not allow Marina's brother Pablito to attend the funeral; a few days later, he drank a bottle of bleach. As a result, Pablito suffered from internal injuries for three months before dying on July 2, 1973.


title: Marina Picasso

text: Despite the wealth Pablo Picasso left behind, the immediate family could not afford Pablito's funeral, so the burial expenses were paid for with donations from friends.


title: Marina Picasso

text: Picasso did not leave a will, which caused years of fighting between his widow, mistresses, children and grandchildren. After a judge sorted out the details of the inheritance, Marina Picasso inherited a fifth of the estate. Her portion consisted of over 10,000 pieces of art, including Picasso's Cannes residence, Villa La Californie.


title: Marina Picasso

text: Marina has slowly worked to sell her vast Picasso collection to pay for her charitable causes. Until his death in 2008, she worked with gallery representative Jan Krugier. When Krugier died, she tried to sell through Sotheby's but wasn't happy with the results. Since 2013, Marina has been selling privately. She said, "...helping to look after orphaned children or suffering adolescents and surrounding them with affection has been a constant aim of my life."


title: Marina Picasso

text: In 1990, through her charitable company, the Marina Picasso Foundation, she founded an orphanage in a former military base in Thu Duc, Vietnam. The orphanage was called "The Village of Youth." Marina’s foundation also funded well digging in Vietnam, sent food to orphanages, purchased medical equipment for hospitals and gave out farming subsidies and scholarships. She has donated to various charities in countries around the world, including Vietnam, Switzerland, France, and various African countries.


title: Marina Picasso

text: Marina Picasso has five children: Gael, Flore, Dimitri, Florian, and May. Dimitri, Florian, and May were adopted from Vietnam. Florian Picasso is a DJ and music producer. Marina has never been


title: Commercial software

text: Commercial software, or seldom payware, is a computer software that is produced for sale or that serves commercial purposes. Commercial software can be proprietary software or free and open-source software.


title: Commercial software

text: While software creation by programming is a time and labor-intensive process, comparable to the creation of physical goods, the reproduction, duplication and sharing of software as digital goods is in comparison disproportionately easy. No special machines or expensive additional resources are required, unlike almost all physical goods and products. Once a software is created it can be copied in infinite numbers, for almost zero cost, by anyone. This made commercialization of software for the mass market in the beginning of the computing era impossible. Unlike hardware, it was not seen as trade-able and commercialize-able good. Software was plainly shared for free (hacker culture) or distributed bundled with sold hardware, as part of the service to make the hardware usable for the customer.


title: Commercial software

text: Due to changes in the computer industry in the 1970s and 1980s, software slowly became a commercial good by itself. In 1969, IBM, under threat of antitrust litigation, led the industry change by and services, and ceasing to supply source code. In 1983 binary software became copyrightable by the "Apple vs. Franklin" law decision, before only source code was copyrightable. Additionally, the growing availability of millions of computers based on the same microprocessor architecture created for the first time a compatible mass market worth and ready for binary retail software commercialization.


title: Commercial software

text: Common business wisdom is that software as digital good can be commercialized to the mass-market most successful as proprietary good, meaning when the free sharing and copying of the users ("software piracy") can be prevented. Control over this can be achieved by copyright which, along with contract law, software patents, and trade secrets, provides legal basis for the software's owner, the intellectual property (IP) holder, to establish exclusive rights on distribution and therefore commercialization. Technical mechanisms which try to enforce the exclusive distribution right are copy-protection mechanisms, often bound to the physical media (floppy disc, CD, etc.) of the software, and digital rights management (DRM) mechanisms which try to achieve the same also in physical media-less digital distribution of software.


title: Commercial software

text: When software is sold in binary form only ("closed source") on the market, exclusive control over software derivatives and further development is additionally achieved. The reverse engineering reconstruction process of a complex software from its binary form to its source code form, required for unauthorized third-party adaption and development, is a burdensome and often impossible process. This creates another commercialization opportunity of software in source code form for a higher price, e.g. by licensing a game engine's source code to another game developer for flexible use and adaption.


title: Commercial software

text: This business model, also called "research and development model", "IP-rent model" or "proprietary software business model", was described by Craig Mundie of Microsoft in 2001 as follows: ""[C]ompanies and investors need to focus on business models that can be sustainable over the long term in the real world economy…. We emphatically remain committed to a model that protects the intellectual property rights in software and ensures the continued vitality of an independent software sector that generates revenue and will sustain ongoing research and development. This research and development model … based on the importance of intellectual property rights [was the] foundation in law that made it possible for companies to raise capital, take risks, focus on the long term, and create sustainable business models…. [A]n economic model that protects intellectual property and a business model that recoups research and development costs have shown repeatedly that they can create impressive economic benefits and distribute them very broadly.""


title: Commercial software

text: While less common than commercial proprietary software, free and open-source software may also be commercial software in the free and open-source software (FOSS) domain. But unlike the proprietary model, commercialization is achieved in the FOSS commercialization model without limiting the users in their capability to share, reuse and duplicate software freely. This is a fact that the Free Software Foundation emphasizes, and is the basis of the Open Source Initiative.


title: Commercial software

text: Under a FOSS business model, software vendors may charge a fee for distribution and offer paid support and software customization services.


title: Commercial software

text: Proprietary software uses a different business model, where a customer of the proprietary software pays a fee for a license to use the software.


title: Commercial software

text: This license may grant the customer the ability to configure some or no parts of the software themselves.


title: Commercial software

text: Often some level of support is included in the purchase of proprietary software, but additional support services (especially for enterprise applications) are usually available for an additional fee.


title: Commercial software

text: Free software is often available at no cost and can result in permanently lower costs compared to proprietary software.


title: Commercial software

text: With free software, businesses can fit software to their specific needs by changing the software themselves or by hiring programmers to modify it for them.


title: Commercial software

text: Free software often has no warranty, and more importantly, generally does not assign legal liability to anyone.


title: Commercial software

text: However, warranties are permitted between any two parties upon the condition of the software and its usage.


title: Commercial software

text: All or parts of software packages and services that support commerce are increasingly made available as FOSS software.


title: Commercial software

text: Microsoft uses "commercial software", to describe their business model but is also mostly proprietary.


title: Commercial software

text: A report by Standish Group says that adoption of open source has caused a drop in revenue to the proprietary software industry by about $60 billion per year.


title: Main Tera Hero

text: Main Tera Hero () is a 2014 Indian Hindi-language romantic action comedy film, directed by David Dhawan and produced by Shobha Kapoor and Ekta Kapoor under the Balaji Motion Pictures banner. It is a remake of the 2011 Telugu film "Kandireega". The film stars Nargis Fakhri, Varun Dhawan and Ileana D'Cruz. Principal photography for the movie began on 30 May 2013, filming started on 5 July 2013 and was completed by 15 October. The film released on 4 April 2014 to mixed reviews from critics, though it became a box office success.


title: Main Tera Hero

text: Across a college in Ooty, Sreenath Prasad aka 'Seenu' fails his final exam by two marks. Eager to get a degree, he kidnaps the professor's daughter during her wedding and demands his professor to give him two more marks in exchange for his daughter. Seenu accidentally lets go of her however while letting his parents into his house, and his plan fails.


title: Main Tera Hero

text: Although Seenu's father offers him a job at his shopping mall, Seenu plans to get a degree at Tift College in Bengaluru. He leaves Ooty on a train headed for Bengaluru. On the train, he beats up a gang harming a group of teenage girls. When Seenu arrives in Bengaluru, a friend of his who lives there reluctantly allows him to stay in his house.


title: Main Tera Hero

text: Once Seenu arrives in Tift College, he prays to Krishna to concentrate on nothing but studies. However, once he finishes, he sees a Middle - Class girl named Sunaina Goradia and gets attracted to her. He tries to get her attention, but she ignores him constantly. She tells him that she has been forced into marrying a corrupt policeman named Angad Negi since he tricked her father into shooting Angad's sidekick and friend Peter's arm. Angad's men chase Seenu until he beats up two of them and scares away the rest. Seenu goes to Angad to make a truce with him and leave Sunaina, but Angad (believing he cannot do it) gives Seenu a chance to try to woo Sunaina for up to three days. Seenu publicly tells Sunaina he loves her and tells her not to be afraid of Angad and his goons. She gains courage, scares off Angad's men, and falls in love with Seenu. Angad finds Seenu, finds out what happened, and attempts to shoot Seenu, but instead accidentally shoots Peter. The media quickly finds out and Angad gets suspended as a police officer.


title: Main Tera Hero

text: All seems well until Sunaina is kidnapped and taken away in a helicopter. Seenu learns from Angad that Sunaina will be taken to the mansion of Vikrant Singhal one of Asia's most notorious gangsters. Vikrant's daughter, Ayesha Singhal was on the Ooty-to-Bangalore train Seenu was in and was attracted by his impressive fighting skills. She told her father about the experience as well as her interest in marrying him. Angad and Peter told Vikrant's men that in order to get Seenu, they would have to take Sunaina to lure him to their place, forcing Seenu to marry Ayesha.


title: Main Tera Hero

text: Feeling helpless, Seenu goes to Vikrant's residence in Bangkok, Thailand. He tricks Vikrant and his friend and associate Balli into thinking that he wants to marry Ayesha. However, he requests that he is given ten days to get to know Ayesha before the wedding day, which Vikrant initially refuses until Ayesha tells her father to "do as Seenu says". Ayesha and Seenu spend the day together; later, Seenu tells Ayesha that he does not love her. Later When Seenu met Sunaina and Try to Intimate with her she asks him to leave the house, but Fails. When Angad and Peter come later, she then falls in love with Angad through a sheer coincidence. Seenu Likes Ayesha As Wells he Likes Sunaina and never show differences.


title: Main Tera Hero

text: Seenu and Sunaina use Ayesha's love for Angad as a way of solving their problem. Sunaina wears identical clothes to Ayesha; as a result, Angad confuses Sunaina for Ayesha, making Ayesha believe that Angad loves her. The plan later fails, though, when Angad realizes this and tricks Ayesha once again into marrying Seenu. Angad is tricked by Seenu and Sunaina into kissing Ayesha, when Vikrant sees this and points his gun at Angad to shoot him, but Ayesha steps in between and stops him saying that she loves Angad. Seeing this, Angad realizes that Ayesha's love for him is true and that Ayesha is the right girl for him, not Sunaina and decides to marry Ayesha. Vikrant realizes his daughter loves Angad and reluctantly tells Seenu that Ayesha will marry Angad. Seenu pretends to have agonized but celebrates later. Ayesha marries Angad, and Vikrant convinces Sunaina (who is also pretending to hate Seenu) to marry Seenu, by saying that he took 10 days to hatch a plan to bring Ayesha and Angad together, not to get to know Ayesha (not realizing that this is true) Seenu and Sunaina are back together again and get married.


title: Main Tera Hero

text: Ekta Kapoor producer confirmed her big budget movie in January 2013 as she bought the rights for her next venture from Telugu film "Kandireega" for . Production team wants the movie to capture it as a modern-day "Himmatwala" with a treatment like "The Wedding Crashers". Nargis Fakhri dubbed in her own voice over for the first time in a Hindi language film which was stopping her due to language barriers.


title: Main Tera Hero

text: Balaji Motion Pictures approached Varun Dhawan, Ileana D'Cruz and Nargis Fakhri as the main leads for the film and it was confirmed.


title: Main Tera Hero

text: Initial filming began on 5 July 2013, the filming locations include Bangalore, Bangkok and London. Next schedule commenced in Bangkok October 2013 with the main cast. Number of songs for the movie has been choreographed by Bosco-Caesar in Bangkok. Anupam Kher was seen alongside main cast in a supporting role.


title: Main Tera Hero

text: The soundtrack was composed by Sajid–Wajid, while the lyrics were penned by Kumaar, Kausar Munir and Danish Sabri. The first song, "Besharmi Ki Height", sung by Benny Dayal and Shalmali Kholgade, released on 20 February 2014. The soundtrack was released on 3 March 2014. The producers of the film capitulating on the popularity of the song "Palat – Tera Hero Idhar Hai" from the soundtrack attached a remix version of it along with the theatrical prints of "Ragini MMS 2", which released on 21 March 2014—instead of the theatrical trailer—marking the first such instance. Some critics compared the track, "Palat – Tera Hero Idhar Hai" to the 1981 song, "Jahan Teri Yeh Nazar Hai", from the film "Kaalia".


title: Main Tera Hero

text: "Filmfare" review given by Devesh Sharma gave 4 stars out of 5 and said "This breezy soundtrack offers a good antidote for dull evenings. One can say that Sajid-Wajid are certainly back in business. They might not have experimented much but have given us the classic Hindi film sound that has gone missing in today's times." Another 3 stars out of 5 was given by Joginder Tuteja from "Rediff" mentioning "The Main Tera Hero soundtrack has no dull moments. Songs like Palat and Besharmi keep the fun element intact right through."


title: Main Tera Hero

text: The film's official trailer was released online on 23 January 2014 with presence of the main cast. Positive responses came along for the young stars' vibe and one of the tabloid reviews compared the movie to Archie Comics characters. Arise India and PVR Cinemas collaborated to bring the star-cast of "Main Tera Hero" to the initial screening at MGF Metropolitan Mall in Saket, Delhi.


title: Main Tera Hero

text: Promotional events for the film took place in various cities. As a part of the tour, the cast visited many colleges, malls, and news channels to promote their film. The cast made appearances at colleges and malls in Indore and then touring New Delhi, turned up at Delhi University's campus which saw thousands of youngsters turn up to see actors Varun Dhawan, Ileana D'Cruz and anchor Bharat Jain. They have reportedly disheartened at Nargis Fakhri's absence as she was shooting in Budapest.


title: Main Tera Hero

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 20% based on 5 reviews, and an average rating of 5/10.


title: Main Tera Hero

text: Taran Adarsh of "Bollywood Hungama" gave the movie 3.5/5 stars and wrote, "On the whole, MAIN TERA HERO is a wild, wacky, madcap entertainer that has the unmistakable stamp of the master of entertainers – David Dhawan. An over the top plot, humor quotient and performances are three aces the film stands on. The film should work well with admirers of typical Bollywood masalathons, also because Varun Dhawan pulls off the act with flamboyance and bowls you over with an uproarious act in this zany entertainer. Go, have fun and laugh out loud!" Srijana Mitra Das of "Times of India" gave the movie 3.5/5 stars saying, Main Tera Hero is a pav bhaji picture, quick, spicy, hot. It has the depth of a comic strip but it also has its neon-shaded fun. For those who want a light laugh, here's your boy. Paloma Sharma of "Rediff" gave the movie 3.5/5 stars, and wrote, Main Tera Hero rests almost solely on the bases of strong performances extracted by a tough taskmaster, director David Dhawan—who makes a surprisingly clean film for the most part but doesn't seem to have been able to resist the temptation to indulge in a few less-than-tasteful jokes post-interval. The second half is primarily where the problem lies. The script dwindles slightly. Too many characters with too many subplots emerge, messing things up for a bit. Film Critic Subhash K. Jha gave the film 3 stars, saying ""Main Tera Hero" is a cleverly designed blues-chaser...While Varun Dhawan goes about the task of filling up the screen with his confident zest, David Dhawan ensures there is enough fuel to furnish the funnies with a furious tempo".


title: Main Tera Hero

text: Mohar Basu of Koimoi praised the film, stating that, "Main Tero Hero transports you into a world of fun that we have been kept devoid of from weeks. Quick witted, jocular and pricelessly silly, this film is a sure shot must watch." She gave the film 3 out of 5 stars. Raedita Tandan of "Filmfare" rated the movie with 3 stars stating, "Main Tera Hero (MTH) is a textbook David Dhawan movie. This is the kind of low-brow humour you enjoy without pretensions. It's not great cinema but it is a paisa vasool comedy." Sarita Tanwar of "DNA" gave the movie 3/5 stars and said, "Main Tera Hero is a light-hearted entertainer, under two hours long which moves along at a brisk pace. Tushar Hiranandani has penned a mad script that will reel you in as soon as the credits end. If the industry was looking for a replacement for Govinda, then there isn't a better option than Varun." Saibal Chatterjee of "NDTV" gave the movie 2.5/5 stars and said that "Main Tera Hero is an action-packed romantic comedy that is peppered with vivacious performances, peppy musical set pieces, and a breezy and an unusual love triangle that eventually acquires an additional angle. The story, which is clearly only a pretext to hang the film's many gags on, delivers frantic twists and turns that strain credulity." "Zee News" Aparna Mudi, rated the movie 2.5/5 stars, stating, "The cast of the movie have definitely been given leverage to play their characters with ease, and performances are good all around. They also seem to have had a lot of fun with the movie, especially Varun, as he looks adorable pulling faces and romancing the two lead heroines. Highly entertaining in the first half, 'Main Tera Hero' slumps in the second. The jokes are slightly in-your-face and fail to make you laugh at times."


title: Main Tera Hero

text: Abhishek Gupta of "India TV" gave it 2.5 stars and wrote, "Twists and turns in the climax look forcibly inducted to give a feeling of suspense, though, it doesn't work at all. The cop and the Don turning into comic characters were expected from it but despite all these hiccups, Main Tera Hero reaches its destination." The "Hindustan Times" Anupama Chopra gave the film 2 stars, saying, "There are a few moments in the film that took me back to the good old day. But mostly, Main Tera Hero is loud and tiring. The frenzied plot didn't deliver enough funny lines. The burden of making this enterprise work rests mostly with Varun, who is as hyper as a helium-filled energizer bunny. Meanwhile, the two svelte heroines – Ileana D'Cruz and Nargis Fakhri – simper about looking sexy. I just wish it had been more interesting". "India Today" gave the film 2 stars: "If this film was made to establish Varun Dhawan as a comedy actor who can do something different then they have achieved what they wanted. Because he does put a great show together but there is absolutely nothing else that deserves any compliments."


title: Main Tera Hero

text: "Main Tera Hero" opened to an occupancy of around 40% in India. The film, which released alongside "", led in the morning shows in places like Rajasthan, Gujarat and CI while lost out to it in multiplexes of Kolkata, Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai and Mumbai. The film saw a major setback during evening shows in the first day of its release owing to the semi-final match between India and South-Africa collecting . The film collected another on the second day of its theatrical release—taking its two-day total to —showing a considerable growth of 80%, which was expected considering the loss on its first day to the cricket match. On the third day it collected — to take its weekend total to — which though "high" by normal standards were understandable because of the cricket matches affecting its growth. On its first Monday it had a collection of around —. On the fifth day of its theatrical release there was a growth of 15% courtesy a holiday, another on the next day pushed the film's six-day total to . Overall the film had a decent first week collecting domestically. The film with the fourth highest first week total of the year—after "Jai Ho", "Gunday" and "Ragini MMS 2"—performed best in circuits like CP Berar, Nizam and Andhra Pradesh, where it collected an estimated plus and above all in Gujarat with . Suffering a heavy drop of 75% the film collected on its eighth day. The film in all collected in its second week managing a two-week total of with best collections from Mumbai, Rajasthan and CP Berar circuits. From the Mumbai circuit—comprising the Gujarat-Saurashtra belts—alone it collected . It was declared a "Semi Hit" by Box Office India.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Caroline Garcia (, born 16 October 1993) is a French professional tennis player. She has been ranked in the top 5 in both singles at world No. 4 and in doubles at world No. 2. Garcia is the 2022 WTA Finals singles champion.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: She is also a two-time major champion in doubles, having won the French Open women's doubles title in 2016 and 2022 partnering Kristina Mladenovic. The pair were also runners-up at the 2016 US Open, and reached the semifinals at the 2017 Australian Open. Garcia reached her career-high doubles ranking of world No. 2 in October 2016, and has won seven doubles titles on the WTA Tour, including the 2016 Madrid Open. She has also qualified for the WTA Finals on two occasions, winning the tournament in 2022, and alongside Mladenovic was voted the 2016 WTA Doubles Team of the Year.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Garcia is also a successful singles player. She has won ten WTA Tour singles titles, including three at the WTA 1000 level: the 2017 Wuhan Open, 2017 China Open and 2022 Cincinnati Open. She achieved her career-high singles ranking of world No. 4 in both September 2018 and November 2022, the latter after winning the 2022 WTA Finals.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Garcia has represented France in the Billie Jean King Cup since 2013, and was part of the team that won the title in 2019. She won a Fed Cup Heart Award in 2016 for her role in leading France to its first final in eleven years. She has also twice competed for France at the Olympics.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Caroline Garcia was born in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, in the Yvelines "département", but moved with her family to Bron, a suburb of Lyon, shortly after. She is the only child of Louis-Paul, a former sales manager whose family originates from the Spanish Costa Blanca region, and Mylène.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: As a junior, Garcia reached the semifinals of the Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon, and the finals of the US Open, losing to Grace Min, all in 2011. She reached her highest junior ranking of 5, on 12 December 2011.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: At the Australian Open, she earned a wild card and beat Varvara Lepchenko in the first round in her first appearance in the main draw of a WTA tournament. However, she lost to Ayumi Morita in the second round.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Garcia made entry into the French Open as a wildcard. She played Zuzana Ondrášková and defeated her in straight sets. In the second round, she had a 6–3, 4–1, 15–0 lead against former No. 1, Maria Sharapova, who then won eleven games in a row. Garcia garnered a lot of respect for her talent. Andy Murray said the following via his Twitter account: "The girl Sharapova is playing is going to be number one in the world one day... what a player".


title: Caroline Garcia

text: At the Australian Open, Garcia lost in the first round to No. 47 Elena Vesnina. She then beat qualifier Yuliya Beygelzimer, before losing to eventual champion, Serena Williams, at the French Open. She qualified for Wimbledon. This marks the first Grand Slam for which she qualified; she received a wild card for the previous five. Caroline beat Zheng Jie in the first round, before losing again to Serena Williams in the second round.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: She was ranked high enough to gain direct entry to the main draw of the US Open, and beat American wild card Shelby Rogers in the first round, before losing to 30th seed Laura Robson of Great Britain. Her first round win meant that Garcia reached the world's top 70 for the first time.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: At the Sony Open, Garcia was the only player to win a set against Serena Williams, as Williams was on her way toward winning her seventh title and setting the record for the most titles held by a man or woman at the tournament. At the Copa Claro Colsanitas in Bogotá, Colombia, Garcia won her maiden WTA Tour singles title, beating the defending champion and former world No. 1, Jelena Janković, winning in straight sets.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: At the Madrid Open in May, Garcia reached the quarterfinals of any Premier event for the first time, defeating Angelique Kerber in the first round after the German retired with a lower back injury, receiving a walkover from Maria Kirilenko after the Russian withdrew with a wrist injury, and then defeating tenth seed Sara Errani in three sets in the third round. She eventually lost to third seed Agnieszka Radwańska in the quarterfinals in three sets. Garcia lost in the first round of the French Open to Ana Ivanovic.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Garcia made the third round of the Wimbledon, eventually losing to Ekaterina Makarova. She lost early at the US Open to American Nicole Gibbs. Garcia rebounded at the Wuhan Open, defeating Venus Williams and Agnieszka Radwańska back to back, in final-set tiebreaks. She also defeated American CoCo Vandeweghe in straight sets to reach the quarterfinals, where she was defeated by eventual champion Petra Kvitová. Despite the loss, Garcia moved up to a career high of No. 36 in the rankings.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Garcia began her season at the Brisbane International where she lost in the first round to No. 3 seed Angelique Kerber. She then played at the Australian Open where she beat No. 27 seed Svetlana Kuznetsova and Stefanie Vögele before losing to Eugenie Bouchard in the third round. After her campaign, Garcia joined France's Fed Cup team for their tie against Italy. Despite losing to Sara Errani, Garcia managed to grab a win as she beat Camila Giorgi in three sets as her country advanced to the semifinals.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: At the Dubai Tennis Championships, Garcia lost in the second round to Agnieszka Radwańska after beating qualifier Arina Rodionova in straight sets. She followed that with a run to the finals at the Mexican Open, receiving a walkover from Maria Sharapova in the semis as the Russian withdrew due to illness. She then lost to Timea Bacsinszky. Garcia also reached the finals of the Monterrey Open where she also was a runner-up to Bacsinszky. She grabbed her first win over former world No. 1, Ana Ivanovic, en route.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: After receiving a first round-bye at Indian Wells, Garcia beat qualifier Polona Hercog before grabbing her second straight win over Ivanovic in three sets. She then lost to eventual semifinalist Sabine Lisicki.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Garcia represented France at the 2016 Hopman Cup alongside Kenny de Schepper. She was undefeated in her singles matches, beating Heather Watson, Sabine Lisicki, and eventual champion Daria Gavrilova. Garcia and de Schepper were beaten in all of their mixed doubles matches. At the Sydney International, Garcia defeated Kristina Mladenovic, but lost in three sets to eventual semifinalist Simona Halep. She then fell short in the first round of the Australian Open, losing to Barbora Strýcová in straight sets.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: At the Fed Cup, however, Garcia rebounded and helped France in their tie against Italy, earning singles wins over Sara Errani and Camila Giorgi. In her next tournament, the Dubai Tennis Championships, she lost her singles semifinal match, defeating Anna Karolína Schmiedlová, Carla Suárez Navarro and Andrea Petkovic en route. Two weeks later, she reached her second WTA Tour singles semifinals of the year at the tournament in Monterrey, losing her semifinal match to Heather Watson. Garcia then lost in her opening match in Indian Wells to Christina McHale. Her next tournament was the Miami Open, where she beat Mirjana Lučić-Baroni and Andrea Petkovic before losing in three sets to eventual finalist Svetlana Kuznetsova.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: She then played in Charleston, losing her first-round match to Irina-Camelia Begu. However, Garcia won the doubles title alongside Kristina Mladenovic.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Playing for France in the Fed Cup semifinal, Garcia lost her first match against Kiki Bertens in straight sets, but managed to beat Arantxa Rus. France eventually won the tie after the doubles match, in which Garcia once again played with Mladenovic. Her next tournament was the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix, where, despite another first-round defeat in the singles to Monica Niculescu, she won another title in doubles with Mladenovic after beating top-seeds Martina Hingis and Sania Mirza in the final.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: In May, Garcia won her first Premier Mandatory/Premier-5 doubles title at the Madrid Open, partnering Mladenovic. In the same month, Garcia won the Internationaux de Strasbourg singles title by defeating Mirjana Lučić-Baroni in straight sets in the final, becoming only the third Frenchwoman to win that title since it became a WTA event in 1987.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: At the French Open, Garcia won the women's doubles event partnering Mladenovic, beating Ekaterina Makarova and Elena Vesnina in the final. It was the first Grand Slam women's doubles crown for Garcia and Mladenovic and they became the first all-French pair to win the French Open women's doubles title since Gail Chanfreau and Françoise Dürr in 1971.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: On 19 June, Garcia won her second WTA singles title of 2016 and her first on grass by beating Anastasija Sevastova in straight sets in the final of the inaugural Mallorca Open. She had defeated a pair of former Wimbledon singles semifinalists in Ana Ivanovic and Kirsten Flipkens to reach the final. On 20 June, she returned to No. 32 of the singles rankings and replaced Kristina Mladenovic as the French singles No. 1.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Garcia participated in both the women's singles and women's doubles of the 2016 Summer Olympics. Garcia and Kristina Mladenovic, seeded No. 2, lost in the first round of the women's doubles.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: At the US Open, Garcia was seeded No. 25 in singles. She reached the third round of the draw, defeating Kiki Bertens and Kateřina Siniaková before falling to the fourth-seeded Agnieszka Radwańska. As a result, Garcia reached a career-high ranking of 24. In the doubles event, Garcia yet again partnered with Mladenovic. The Frenchwomen were the No. 1 seed of the event. They reached the final, where they were defeated by Bethanie Mattek-Sands and Lucie Šafářová. As a result of reaching the final, Garcia and Mladenovic qualified for the WTA Finals as second doubles team.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Garcia kicked off the Asian swing at the Wuhan Open. She was scheduled to play singles at the Guangzhou Open one week earlier, but withdrew before the tournament started. In Wuhan, Garcia played in both singles and doubles. In singles, she was defeated in the second round by No. 8 seed Madison Keys. In doubles, Garcia and Mladenovic, the No. 1 seeds, lost their opening second round to Christina McHale and Peng Shuai. Next, at the China Open, Garcia reached the third round of the singles draw, before falling to Daria Gavrilova. In doubles, she was once again top-seeded with Mladenovic. The French team fought their way to the final, defeating third-seeds, Chan Hao-ching and Chan Yung-jan, in the semifinals. This was Garcia and Mladenovic's eighth final together. They would end up losing to Mattek-Sands and Šafářová, the US Open champions.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Garcia ended her run in Asia at the Hong Kong Open, where she was seeded No. 5 in singles. She passed the first round before losing to her doubles rival, Bethanie Mattek-Sands, in the second round.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: She also played singles at her last regular-season tournament of the year, the Luxembourg Open, where she was seeded fourth. She had a hard-fought match against Anett Kontaveit, and just barely won. She was then defeated by Andrea Petkovic.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Garcia and Mladenovic received the WTA Award for "Best Doubles Team of the Year" shortly before the start of the WTA Finals. Garcia also won the Heart Award for the Fed Cup World Group semifinals stage. At the Finals, Garcia and Mladenovic started strong, defeating Julia Görges and Karolína Plíšková in the quarterfinals. However, in the semifinals, they were once again defeated by their rivals, Bethanie Mattek-Sands and Lucie Šafářová. Garcia and Mladenovic missed the chance to become the WTA year-end doubles world number-ones.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Garcia made a last-minute appearance at the WTA Elite Trophy. She was originally one place short of qualifying, but was able to join the tournament when Venus Williams withdrew. She played in the Azalea Group against Johanna Konta and Samantha Stosur. Garcia won her first match against Stosur, but lost her second match against Konta, the top-seed, and thus did not reach the semifinals. However, she walked away with a year-end ranking of 23, her best ranking yet.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: In the Fed Cup final in November against the Czech Republic, Garcia defeated two-time Wimbledon champion Petra Kvitová, then upset US Open finalist and Czech No. 1, Karolína Plíšková. Unfortunately, Garcia and Mladenovic then lost their doubles rubber against Pliskova and Strýcová, which meant that the Czech won the Fed Cup final 3–2.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: During the off-season, Garcia announced that she would not play in the 2017 Fed Cup, explaining that she wanted to focus on her singles career.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Garcia's first tournament of the year was the Australian Open, in which she was the 21st seed. In the first round of the singles event, she defeated Kateryna Bondarenko in straight sets. In the second round, she faced countrywoman Océane Dodin. Garcia lost the first set, but rallied back to win the match. She then lost in the third round to Barbora Strýcová. In the doubles event, Garcia paired up with Kristina Mladenovic, the French duo being the top seeds of the tournament. The pair won their first three matches to advance to the quarterfinals, in which they defeated Ashleigh Barty and Casey Dellacqua. Garcia and Mladenovic then lost in the semifinals to Andrea Hlaváčková and Peng Shuai.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Garcia moved on to the Taiwan Open, in which she was seeded No. 3. She won her opening match against Marina Erakovic, setting up an encounter with Mandy Minella in the second round, to whom she lost in straight sets. At the Qatar Open, Garcia won her first round match against qualifier Madison Brengle before falling to No. 2 seed Karolína Plíšková in straight sets in the second round. At the Dubai Tennis Championships, Garcia was seeded No. 15. She defeated Johanna Larsson in the first round, but lost to the 2016 Olympics singles gold medalist Monica Puig in the second round. Garcia's poor form continued in Kuala Lumpur, where seeded No. 3, she lost in the first round to the Russian qualifier Anna Kalinskaya.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Wanting to focus on her singles success, Garcia ended her partnership with Mladenovic. However, she still played doubles at the Indian Wells Open, partnering Karolína Plíšková instead. In the BNP Paribas Open singles, Garcia received a bye into the second round, as she was seeded No. 21. She defeated lucky loser Evgeniya Rodina, upset No. 11th seed Johanna Konta in the third round before losing to eventual finalist Svetlana Kuznetsova in the fourth round. Prior to the Miami Open, Garcia lost her status as the top-ranked Frenchwoman in singles to Mladenovic. In that tournament, Garcia was seeded No. 21 and lost her opening match to Peng Shuai in the second round. As the No. 3 seed at the Monterrey Open, Garcia reached the semifinals where she lost to eventual champion Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Garcia began her clay season at the Madrid Open where she lost in the first round to the qualifier Wang Qiang. She also had an early exit at her next event, falling in the second round of the Italian Open to Daria Gavrilova, having beaten Donna Vekić in the first round. She was also beaten by Gavrilova in the semi-finals of the Internationaux de Strasbourg.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: At the French Open, Garcia beat Nao Hibino, Chloé Paquet, Hsieh Su-wei and Alizé Cornet to reach her first Grand Slam singles quarterfinal, where she lost to the No. 2 seed Karolína Plíšková. Garcia reached a career-high ranking of No. 21 in the singles rankings.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Garcia continued her good form at Wimbledon by reaching the fourth round for the first time, where she lost to the No. 6 seed, Johanna Konta, in three tight sets. She then reached the singles semifinals in Mallorca and Båstad and the singles quarterfinals at the Rogers Cup and Pan Pacific Open.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Garcia won her first career Premier-5 singles title at the Wuhan Open. It was the biggest singles title won by any French female player since Marion Bartoli won Wimbledon in 2013. At Wuhan, the unseeded Garcia defeated the No. 12 seed Angelique Kerber in the first round, registered her first victory of 2017 over a player ranked in the top 10 of the WTA singles rankings by beating the No. 7 seed Dominika Cibulková in the third round, and went on to defeat the unseeded Ashleigh Barty in three sets in the final. Garcia reached a career-high of No. 15 in the WTA singles rankings.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: At the China Open, Garcia progressed to the quarterfinals after defeating Elise Mertens and Cornet. She then saved a match point in her three-set victory over the third seed Elina Svitolina to reach the semifinals. She defeated Petra Kvitová in straight sets to reach her second consecutive WTA final, where she beat the newly crowned No. 1, Simona Halep, in straight sets, to win her first Premier-Mandatory title, becoming the first WTA player to win the Wuhan and China Open in the same year. After Johanna Konta pulled out of the Kremlin Cup, Garcia was confirmed to be the final qualifier for the WTA finals. Garcia lost her first match in the WTA Finals to Halep in straight sets, but then beat both Svitolina and Caroline Wozniacki in three sets to reach the semifinals, where she was defeated by Venus Williams.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: After starting her season in Brisbane, Garcia played at the Australian Open. The eighth seed, she advanced to the fourth round for the first time in her career before losing to Madison Keys.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: She also reached the quarterfinals in Dubai and Doha, semifinals in Stuttgart and Madrid, as well as quarterfinals in Rome, Montreal, New Haven, and Tokyo. She reached a career-high ranking of world No. 4 on 10 September 2018 following her third round showing at the 2018 US Open (tennis).


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Garcia helped France win the 2019 Fed Cup. She reunited with Mladenovic to clinch the final doubles match against Ashleigh Barty and Sam Stosur of Australia


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Garcia began the 2020 tennis season with average results, losing in the second round of the Australian Open to Ons Jabeur. However, at the US Open, Garcia reached the third round, beating top-seeded Karolína Plíšková in the second round.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: She also achieved positive results at the postponed French Open, beating 17th seed Anett Kontaveit, Aliaksandra Sasnovich, and 16th seed Elise Mertens en route to the fourth round. Garcia was defeated by third seed Elina Svitolina in the fourth round. Garcia's best performance of 2020 was a quarterfinal finish at the Lyon Open, losing to the fifth seed Alison Van Uytvanck, in straight sets.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Garcia started her 2021 season at the first edition of the Gippsland Trophy. Seeded 12th, she reached the third round where she lost to seventh seed and eventual champion, Elise Mertens. At the Australian Open, she was defeated in the second round by third seed, 2019 champion, and eventual champion, Naomi Osaka. Seeded 10th at the first edition of the Phillip Island Trophy, she was eliminated in the first round by Misaki Doi. In Adelaide, she was beaten in her first-round match by Anastasija Sevastova.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Seeded third at the Lyon Open, Garcia lost in the second round to qualifier and eventual finalist, Viktorija Golubic. At the Dubai Tennis Championships, she beat Angelique Kerber in the first round. She was defeated in the third round by tenth seed Elise Mertens. In Miami, she faced third seed Simona Halep in the second round. She pushed Halep to three sets but ended up losing the match.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: In May 2021, Garcia announced her new coach as Gabriel Urpí, thus ending a partnership with her father and long-time coach Louis-Paul Garcia. She started her clay-court season at the Italian Open. She was eliminated in the second round by Veronika Kudermetova. Seeded eighth at the first edition of the Emilia-Romagna Open in Parma, she reached the quarterfinals where she was beaten by Kateřina Siniaková. At the Internationaux de Strasbourg, she lost in the second round to fifth seed and eventual champion, Barbora Krejčíková. At Roland Garros, she beat last year quarterfinalist, Laura Siegemund, in the first round. She was defeated in the second round by Polona Hercog.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Kicking off her grass-court season at the Birmingham Classic, Garcia lost in the second round to eighth seed Marie Bouzková.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Her last match was at the Indian Wells Open in the beginning of October where she lost to Coco Gauff in the second round. She finished the season ranked No. 74 in the singles rankings.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: She secured her eighth career singles title in the lead up to Wimbledon at the Bad Homburg Open in the two longest matches of the tournament, over Alizé Cornet in the semifinals (2:45) and Bianca Andreescu in the final (2:42).


title: Caroline Garcia

text: At the Poland Open, Garcia upset the world No. 1, Iga Swiatek, in the quarterfinals for her first win against a world No. 1 in ten attempts, ending Swiatek's 18 match win streak on clay in the process. She went on to win the tournament, defeating Ana Bogdan, in straight sets in the final, for her ninth title and second in two months.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: At the Cincinnati Open, she reached the quarterfinals of a WTA 1000 in four years, since the Canadian Open in 2018, as a qualifier, defeating world No. 3 Maria Sakkari, her second top-3 win of 2022 and Elise Mertens. Next she defeated world No. 8 and seventh seed Jessica Pegula to reach her first WTA 1000 semifinal since Madrid in 2018, becoming the first qualifier to advance to the semifinals at this tournament since Akgul Amanmuradova in 2007. With her win over sixth seed Aryna Sabalenka she became the first qualifier to ever advance to a WTA 1000 final since the tier was created in 2009. She won her tenth title defeating Petra Kvitová in straight sets. As a result, she moved back into the top 20, at world No. 17.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Garcia entered the US Open as the 17th seed, on an eight-match winning streak dating back to the first round of qualifying in Cincinnati. She defeated lucky loser Kamilla Rakhimova, Anna Kalinskaya, 2019 champion Bianca Andreescu, and Alison Riske-Amritraj in the first four rounds to advance to the quarterfinals for the first time in her career at the US Open and the second time at a major. She defeated 12th seed Coco Gauff in the quarterfinals, but lost to fifth seed Ons Jabeur in straight sets in her first major semifinal, snapping a 13-match winning streak. As a result, she re-entered the top 10 in singles on 12 September 2022. In doubles, she reached the quarterfinals with compatriot Mladenovic.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: She qualified for the WTA Finals by defeating Rebecca Marino in the first round of Guadalajara Open. One week before the start of WTA Finals, Bertrand Perret quit being her coach. Seeded sixth, she was placed in Group Tracy Austin of the WTA Finals. She defeated Maria Sakkari in the semifinal in straight sets. She proceeded to win the biggest title of her career defeating Aryna Sabalenka also in straight sets and moved back to her career-high world No. 4 in the singles rankings.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Garcia is an offensive baseliner, with consistent and powerful groundstrokes, and a strong service game. Her forehand is her stronger wing, and she can hit many clean winners off it. She also possesses a consistent and strong two-handed backhand. She also has a strong first and second serve, known for its accuracy. She served the ninth most aces in 2016, with 218. Her doubles success means she also has a solid net game, although this isn't frequently seen in her singles game. She has good movement and footwork around the court, which help her with hitting her groundstrokes effectively.


title: Caroline Garcia

text: Garcia is sponsored by Yonex for her clothing, by New Balance for her shoes, and by Yonex for her racquets. She uses the Yonex VCORE SV 100 racquet. Garcia is also a spokeswoman for Sothys, a French cosmetics company.


title: The Winner Takes It All

text: "The Winner Takes It All" is a song recorded by Swedish pop group ABBA. Released as the first single from the group's seventh studio album, "Super Trouper" (1980), it is a ballad in the key of G-flat major, reflecting on the end of a relationship. The single's B-side was the non-album track "Elaine". The song peaked at No.1 in several countries, including the UK, where it became their eighth chart-topper. It was also the group's final top 10 hit in the United States. It was written by Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson, with Agnetha Fältskog singing the lead vocal.


title: The Winner Takes It All

text: In a 1999 poll for Channel 5, "The Winner Takes It All" was voted Britain's favourite ABBA song. This feat was replicated in a 2010 poll for ITV. In a 2006 poll for a Channel Five programme, "The Winner Takes It All" was voted "Britain's Favourite Break-Up Song."


title: The Winner Takes It All

text: Ulvaeus and Andersson started writing "The Winner Takes It All" in the summer of 1979 in a cottage on the island of Viggsö. According to Andersson, the idea for the song suddenly came up "from old ideas, from old small musical pieces" they had. The demo had an original title of "The Story of My Life" and the first arrangement for the song was uptempo with a constant beat. However, they felt their first effort "much too stiff and metrical", so they left the song for a few days while they worked on other songs. Four days later they returned to the song, and Andersson came up the idea of using a French chanson-style arrangement with a descending piano line and a looser structure. Ulvaeus then recorded a demo using nonsense French words for lyrics, and took the recording home to write the lyrics for "The Winner Takes It All". According to Ulvaeus, he drank whiskey while he was writing, and it was the quickest lyrics he ever wrote. He said, "I was drunk, and the whole lyric came to me in a rush of emotion in one hour." Ulvaeus said that when he gave the lyrics to Fältskog to read, "a tear or two welled up in her eyes. Because the words really affected her."


title: The Winner Takes It All

text: Ulvaeus denies the song is about his and Fältskog's divorce, saying the basis of the song "is the experience of a divorce, but it's fiction. 'Cause one thing I can say is that there wasn't a winner or a loser in our case. A lot of people think it's straight out of reality, but it's not". However, Ulvaeus admitted that the heartache of their breakup inspired the song, but noted that the words in the song should not be taken literally. He said: "Neither Agnetha nor I were winners in our divorce." American critic Chuck Klosterman, who says "The Winner Takes It All" is "[the only] pop song that examines the self-aware guilt one feels when talking to a person who has humanely obliterated your heart" finds Ulvaeus' denial hard to believe in light of the original title. The booklet for the double CD compilation "The Definitive Collection" states "The Winner Takes It All" is the song where Bjorn admits that the sad experience of his and Agnetha's divorce the previous year left its mark on the lyrics."


title: The Winner Takes It All

text: "The Winner Takes It All" was a major success for ABBA, hitting No. 1 in Belgium, Ireland, the Netherlands, South Africa and the United Kingdom. It reached the Top 5 in Austria, Finland, France, West Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Zimbabwe, while peaking in the Top 10 in Australia, Canada, Italy, Spain and the United States (where it became ABBA's fourth and final American Top 10 hit, peaking at No. 8; the song spent 26 weeks on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, more than any other ABBA single). It was also the group's second "Billboard" Adult Contemporary #1 (after "Fernando"). "The Winner Takes It All" was also a hit in Brazil: it was included on the soundtrack of "Coração Alado" ("Winged Heart"), a popular soap opera in 1980, as the main theme.


title: The Winner Takes It All

text: As of September 2021, it is the group's fifth-biggest song in the UK with 920,000 chart sales (including pure sales and streaming numbers).


title: The Winner Takes It All

text: A music video to promote the song was filmed in July 1980 on Marstrand, an island on the Swedish west coast. It was directed by Lasse Hallström. Appropriately, the video was shot ten days after the divorce of Björn Ulvaeus and Agnetha Fältskog was officially declared by the courts. It starts with a black-and-white photo montage of ABBA, then moves to the face of Agnetha singing the song. Interspersed in the video are footages of her walking alone, still photographs and other happier members of the band.


title: Baleen

text: Baleen is a filter-feeding system inside the mouths of baleen whales. To use baleen, the whale first opens its mouth underwater to take in water. The whale then pushes the water out, and animals such as krill are filtered by the baleen and remain as a food source for the whale. Baleen is similar to bristles and consists of keratin, the same substance found in human fingernails, skin and hair. Baleen is a skin derivative. Some whales, such as the bowhead whale, have longer baleen than others. Other whales, such as the gray whale, only use one side of their baleen. These baleen bristles are arranged in plates across the upper jaw of whales.


title: Baleen

text: Depending on the species, a baleen plate can be long, and weigh up to . Its hairy fringes are called baleen hair or whalebone hair. They are also called baleen bristles, which in sei whales are highly calcified, with calcification functioning to increase their stiffness. Baleen plates are broader at the gumline (base). The plates have been compared to sieves or Venetian blinds.


title: Baleen

text: The oldest true fossils of baleen are only 15 million years old because baleen rarely fossilizes, but scientists believe it originated considerably earlier than that. This is indicated by baleen-related skull modifications being found in fossils from considerably earlier, including a buttress of bone in the upper jaw beneath the eyes, and loose lower jaw bones at the chin. Baleen is believed to have evolved around 30 million years ago, possibly from a hard, gummy upper jaw, like the one a Dall's porpoise has; it closely resembles baleen at the microscopic level. The initial evolution and radiation of baleen plates is believed to have occurred during Early Oligocene when Antarctica broke off from Gondwana and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current was formed, increasing productivity of ocean environments. This occurred because the current kept warm ocean waters away from the area that is now Antarctica, producing steep gradients in temperature, salinity, light, and nutrients, where the warm water meets the cold.


title: Baleen

text: The transition from teeth to baleen is proposed to have occurred stepwise, from teeth to a hybrid to baleen. It is known that modern mysticetes have teeth initially and then develop baleen plate germs "in utero", but lose their dentition and have only baleen during their juvenile years and adulthood. However, developing mysticetes do not produce tooth enamel because at some point this trait evolved to become a pseudogene. This is likely to have occurred about 28 million years ago and proves that dentition is an ancestral state of mysticetes. Using parsimony to study this and other ancestral characters suggests that the common ancestor of aetiocetids and edentulous mysticetes evolved lateral nutrient foramina, which are believed to have provided blood vessels and nerves a way to reach developing baleen. Further research suggests that the baleen of "Aetiocetus" was arranged in bundles between widely spaced teeth. If true, this combination of baleen and dentition in "Aetiocetus" would act as a transition state between odontocetes and mysticetes. This intermediate step is further supported by evidence of other changes that occurred with the evolution of baleen that make it possible for the organisms to survive using filter feeding, such as a change in skull structure and throat elasticity. It would be highly unlikely for all of these changes to occur at once. Therefore, it is proposed that Oligocene aetiocetids possess both ancestral and descendant character states regarding feeding strategies. This makes them mosaic taxa, showing that either baleen evolved before dentition was lost or that the traits for filter feeding originally evolved for other functions. It also shows that the evolution could have occurred gradually because the ancestral state was originally maintained. Therefore, the mosaic whales could have exploited new resources using filter feeding while not abandoning their previous prey strategies. The result of this stepwise transition is apparent in modern-day baleen whales, because of their enamel pseudogenes and their "in utero" development and reabsorbing of teeth.


title: Baleen

text: If it is true that many early baleen whales also had teeth, these were probably used only peripherally, or perhaps not at all (again like Dall's porpoise, which catches squid and fish by gripping them against its hard upper jaw). Intense research has been carried out to sort out the evolution and phylogenetic history of mysticetes, but much debate surrounds this issue.


title: Baleen

text: A whale's baleen plates play the most important role in its filter-feeding process. To feed, a baleen whale opens its mouth widely and scoops in dense shoals of prey (such as krill, copepods, small fish, and sometimes birds that happen to be near the shoals), together with large volumes of water. It then partly shuts its mouth and presses its tongue against its upper jaw, forcing the water to pass out sideways through the baleen, thus sieving out the prey, which it then swallows.


title: Baleen

text: Whale baleen is the mostly mineralized keratin-based bio-material consisting of parallel plates suspended down the mouth of the whale. Baleen's mechanical properties of being strong and flexible made it a popular material for numerous applications requiring such a property (see Human uses section).


title: Baleen

text: The basic structure of the whale baleen was characterized to be a tubular structure with a medulla hollow core enclosed by a tubular layer with a diameter varying from 60 to 900 microns, which had approximately 2.7 times higher calcium content. The elastic modulus in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction are 270 megapascals (MPa) and 200MPa, respectively. This difference in the elastic moduli could be attributed to the way the sandwiched tubular structures are packed together.


title: Baleen

text: Hydrated versus dry whale baleen also exhibit significantly different parallel and perpendicular compressive stress to compressive strain response. Although parallel loading for both hydrated and dry samples exhibit higher stress response (about 20MPa and 140MPa at 0.07 strain for hydrated and dry samples respectively) than that for perpendicular loading, hydration drastically reduced the compressive response.


title: Baleen

text: Crack formation is also different for both the transverse and longitudinal orientation. For the transverse direction, cracks are redirected along the tubules, which enhances the baleen's resistance to fracture and once the crack enters the tubule it is then directed along the weaker interface rather than penetrating through either the tubule or lamellae.


title: Baleen

text: People formerly used baleen (usually referred to as "whalebone") for making numerous items where flexibility and strength were required, including baskets, backscratchers, collar stiffeners, buggy whips, parasol ribs, switches, crinoline petticoats, and corset stays. It was commonly used to crease paper; its flexibility kept it from damaging the paper. It was also occasionally used in cable-backed bows. Synthetic materials are now usually used for similar purposes, especially plastic and fiberglass. Baleen was also used by Dutch cabinetmakers for the production of pressed reliefs.


title: Baleen

text: In the United States, the Marine Mammal Protection Act in 1972 makes it illegal "for any person to transport, purchase, sell, export, or offer to purchase, sell, or export any marine mammal or marine mammal product".


title: Baleen

text: Baleen serves as a habitat for some species from the gastropod families Pyropeltidae, Cocculinidae, Osteopeltidae, and Neolepetopsidae.


title: MC Eiht

text: Aaron Tyler (born May 22, 1971), better known by his stage name MC Eiht (pronounced MC eight), is an American rapper and actor. Many of his songs are based on his life in Compton. His stage name was partly inspired by the numeral in KRS-One's name. He chose Eiht for its links to "hood culture", including Olde English 800 (8 Ball) and .38 caliber firearms. He is the "de facto" leader of West Coast hip hop group Compton's Most Wanted, which also included fellow Compton-based rappers Boom Bam, The Unknown DJ, Tha Chill, DJ Mike T, DJ Slip and Ant Capone. He is also known for his role as A-Wax in the 1993 film "Menace II Society," as well as playing the character Ryder in the 2004 video game "."


title: MC Eiht

text: Tyler was born in Compton, California and grew to fame on the West Coast as one of two MCs in the four-man crew, Compton's Most Wanted. After enjoying increasing success with the group, which peaked with 1992's "Music to Driveby", Eiht took a role in the hit movie Menace II Society as well as a high-profile spot on the soundtrack. The song, "Streiht Up Menace," which chronicles the unfortunate downturn of the film's protagonist within the pathological conditions of American inner city life, is considered by many critics to be Eiht's "magnum opus". The movie spurred him into a solo career, although his next two albums "We Come Strapped" and "Death Threatz" would be accredited as MC Eiht featuring Compton's Most Wanted. These albums were considered his best and took place during the most tense years of the 'beef' between Eiht and DJ Quik, Eiht's childhood friends Boom Bam and Tha Chill of N.O.T.R were heavily involved with both albums and the Quik beef, there are several explicit remarks towards Quik made on these albums by E, Bam and Chill. E was also associated with W 159th St Tragniew Park Compton Crips.


title: MC Eiht

text: He states that he did not wish to star in comedy films in order to maintain his public image. He later only appeared in the low-budget movies "Reasons", "Thicker than Water" and "Who Made the Potatoe Salad?" as well as providing the voice for Lance 'Ryder' Wilson in the video game "". His music has also been included in the Grand Theft Auto series, both alone and with Compton's Most Wanted.


title: MC Eiht

text: He put out "Last Man Standing", the first album accredited only to MC Eiht, then broke from the label for Big Beat/Atlantic. Eiht never ended up putting out an album on the label, instead eventually signing to and releasing the album "Section 8" on Priority in 1999.


title: MC Eiht

text: Eiht would hop between record labels and one-off releases in the next years, moving between independent labels Half-Ounce, D3 Entertainment, and Lookin' Up Entertainment from 2001 to 2003. He would put out records with Spice 1 and Brotha Lynch Hung in 2004 and 2006 on Real Talk Ent., releasing another solo album between them on West Inc./Native Records. His inability to settle at a label contributed to his joining the Warzone, a trio put together by Snoop Dogg and consisting of Goldie Loc, Kam and MC Eiht himself. In 2006, Eiht and the group appeared on the single "Candy (Drippin' Like Water)" on Snoop Dogg's album "Tha Blue Carpet Treatment". In 2010, Eiht appears on the remix to Dam Funk's "Hood Pass Intact". MC Eiht also appeared with Young Maylay in Blaq Poet's new street single, "Ain't Nuttin' Changed (Remix)".


title: MC Eiht

text: In June 2011, MC Eiht released his single "Fine By Me" accompanied by a music video directed by Director Hugo V. under his new label Year Round/Blue Stamp Records. Year Round Records is owned by New York-based hip hop artist DJ Premier.


title: MC Eiht

text: In October 2012, MC Eiht was featured on the song "m.A.A.d city", by Kendrick Lamar, from his major label debut "Good Kid, m.A.A.d City". Eiht released the "Keep It Hood" EP, through BLUESTAMP Music Group on January 4, 2013. The album features cuts from DJ Premier and production from Brenk Sinatra. In 2013, he plans to release a collaboration album with DJ Premier.


title: MC Eiht

text: In the summer of 2014 MC Eiht released a single with The Outlawz, Tupac Shakur's old group, titled "Shut Em Down" which makes references to old Outlawz members Tupac and Kadafi.The song is a part of Eiht's upcoming "Which Way Iz West LP" and is MC Eiht's first LP in eight years.


title: MC Eiht

text: MC Eiht and his group CMW got involved in a long tumultuous rivalry with fellow Compton DJ/rapper DJ Quik that lasted for several years. The feud traces back to a track on DJ Quik's debut mixtape "The Red Tape", where Quik indirectly dissed both Compton's Most Wanted and N.W.A. During that time, Quik was a member to the Tree Top Piru Bloods and Eiht was a member of the 159th St. Tragniew Park Compton Crips. On the track "Duck Sick" from CMW's debut album "It's a Compton Thang", they criticized and questioned Quik's street credibility. They hit Quik again in 1991 on their second effort "Straight Checkn 'Em". Quik didn't respond to CMW's disses on his debut album "Quik is the Name", but he responded to Eiht on the title track to his sophomore effort "Way 2 Fonky". CMW responded months later with a music video for "Def Wish II" which featured a DJ Quik lookalike having a surreal nightmare of CMW chasing & ambushing him leading to him getting killed. Quik responded to it with "Let You Have It", mentioning the Compton's Most Wanted music video, while facing label problems and other music projects. However, on the soundtrack to the 1994 short film "Murder Was The Case", on the track "Dollaz + Sense", Quik ruthlessly verbally attacks Eiht, calling him a movie script killer (in reference to Eiht's appearance in the critically acclaimed 1993 film "Menace II Society"), a coward, and more. Quik fanned the flames even more by performing the song at the 1995 Source Awards in New York City. The feud stayed quiet until April 1996, where Eiht responded to Quik on his second solo album "Death Threatz" which featured the track Def Wish IV (Tap That Azz) which was the last diss track of their feud. The feud between Quik and Eiht slowly died down in 1997 following the deaths of Tupac Shakur and The Notorious B.I.G., but the feud didn't actually end until the summer of 2002, where Snoop Dogg, Daz Dillinger, and other West Coast rappers helped Eiht and Quik squash the beef. Since then, Quik and Eiht collaborated on various songs. Even though the rivalry was not on the level of the Nas-Jay Z rivalry or the East Coast-West Coast hip hop rivalry since it was not covered by the media, it has been hailed by most hip hop fans and critics that it stands out as one of the longest active hip hop rivalries of all time (from 1992 to 1998).


title: Amos Yee

text: Amos Yee Pang Sang (, born 31 October 1998), also known as just Amos Yee, is a Singaporean convicted sex offender and former blogger, YouTuber and child actor. Yee is currently serving six years' imprisonment in the United States for sexual offenses including child pornography and grooming charges.


title: Amos Yee

text: In late March 2015, shortly after the death of the first Prime Minister of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew, Yee uploaded a video on YouTube criticizing Lee. In the video, Yee compared Lee to Jesus, and cast both in what was considered an obscene and disrespectful light. Yee also uploaded to his blog an image depicting Lee and Margaret Thatcher engaged in anal sex. A subsequent 32 police reports resulted in Yee being arrested in Singapore and charged with "intention of wounding the religious feelings of Christians", obscenity, and "threatening, abusive or insulting communication."


title: Amos Yee

text: Yee's trial drew significant public interest and the court found him guilty in May 2015, meting a jail sentence of four weeks which was backdated to include 53 days served in remand, freeing Yee immediately following the trial. Yee appealed against both the court conviction and sentence. Yee's imprisonment drew criticism from human rights organisations, including Amnesty International, which considered Yee to be a "prisoner of conscience".


title: Amos Yee

text: In August 2016, Yee was arrested for the second time and stood trial over six charges for deliberate intent to wound religious feelings and two charges for failure to turn up for police interviews. In September 2016, Yee was sentenced to 6 weeks' jail and fined $2000 for wounding religious feelings, which is under Section 298 of the Penal Code. The presiding judge said that Yee's actions could "generate social unrest" and should not be condoned. Yee began serving his jail term on 13 October 2016.


title: Amos Yee

text: ′In December 2016, Yee fled to the United States just before his call-up for National Service, immediately seeking political asylum. It was granted in March 2017 by the Chicago immigration court, despite being opposed by the U.S. federal government, which appealed the decision, causing Yee to be held in detention by Immigration and Customs Enforcement during the appeal process. Following an immigration appeals court's decision to uphold his bid for asylum, Yee was released in September 2017.


title: Amos Yee

text: In November 2017, Yee received death threats for allegedly supporting pedophilia in videos and blog posts. In May 2018, Yee's channel was removed by YouTube for violating community guidelines and Twitter suspended his account. In July 2018, Yee's Patreon account was shut down. As of December 2018, Yee's WordPress blog, personal Facebook page, were shut down. In October 2020, Yee was arrested in Illinois on charges of solicitation and possession of child pornography; he eventually pled guilty to two charges of child grooming and child pornography in exchange for a sentence of six years in prison, which he began serving in December 2021.


title: Amos Yee

text: Amos Yee Pang Sang was born on 31 October 1998, in Singapore. Yee was raised in Singapore and studied at Pei Chun Public School, where he took his Primary School Leaving Examination, and then attended Zhonghua Secondary School.


title: Amos Yee

text: Yee, who was raised Catholic, and began attending Mass independently of his family, considered himself a practicing Catholic, but in 2013 he was reportedly "kicked out" of service as an altar boy after swearing during a meeting. After meeting with a priest to question his confirmation, and studying skeptical websites and videos, he became an atheist.


title: Amos Yee

text: In March 2011, Yee won awards for Best Short Film and Best Actor at "The New Paper"'s First Film Fest (FFF) for his film "Jan". "The New Paper" described Yee as having taken on four different acting roles in his "self-written, self-directed film", which was described as a "twisted dark comedy" in which a boy tries to persuade his three friends to help a cancer-stricken girl. Yee, thirteen at the time, was described as having made the film "in his bedroom". The FFF awarded Yee a video camera and video editing software.


title: Amos Yee

text: Following the success of "Jan", FFF chief judge Jack Neo offered an internship to Yee, and additionally invited Yee to audition for Neo's film, "We Not Naughty", a film about juvenile delinquency. Neo cast Yee in a minor acting role after Yee improvised and improved the language in a script given to him. Yee played a "smart younger brother" to a lead actor's character, and was allowed by Neo to write his own dialogue. Neo said that while Yee only had three scenes in the movie, they were "crucial," and praised Yee as a "natural comedian" with a passion for film-making. Neo defended Yee against accusations of arrogance, saying "just because [Yee] acts arrogant doesn't mean he is ... He is an actor, he's playing a role" but also suggested that Yee needed to learn humility.


title: Amos Yee

text: In January 2012, Yee was widely criticized by netizens for uploading a video to YouTube which – according to "My Paper" – "called the Chinese New Year a rip-off of the Western New Year's Day". Garnering over 150,000 views, Yee later clarified that the video was satirical in nature. "The New Paper" described Yee as "mocking the origins of the zodiac and joking about how children should be given a one-month holiday for Chinese New Year" in the video. Within the video, Yee had also said that it was his "fake representation" of Chinese New Year.


title: Amos Yee

text: According to "The New York Times", prior to his 2015 Lee Kuan Yew video, Yee had uploaded "more than a dozen comedic riffs ... on subjects including Singapore's legal ban on homosexuality, "The Hunger Games", Valentine's Day, "Boyhood" and the decision to drop out of school 'to pursue my "career" as a 17-year-old boy ranting in front of a video camera'." Nathan Heller of "The New Yorker" also noted in 2015 that Yee had been publishing homemade videos which were "directed equally toward the Singaporean youth and a more international, American-style audience".


title: Amos Yee

text: On 23 March 2015, Lee Kuan Yew, the first Prime Minister of Singapore, died of severe pneumonia in hospital. Five days later, Yee uploaded a nearly nine-minute long video to YouTube titled "Lee Kuan Yew is Finally Dead!" In the expletive-laden video, Yee likened Lee to Jesus, saying that both were "power-hungry and malicious but deceive others into thinking they are both compassionate and kind. Their impact and legacy will ultimately not last as more and more people find out that they are full of bull". Yee went on to describe Lee's followers as "completely delusional and ignorant" with "absolutely no sound logic or knowledge about him that is grounded in reality", while accusing Christians of a similar lack of knowledge of the Bible's teachings. Apart from conveying his hope that the late Lee would not rest in peace, Yee also said that Lee was a "horrible person", an "awful leader" and "a dictator but managed to fool most of the world to think he was democratic". Lastly, Yee issued a challenge to Lee's son, Lee Hsien Loong, stating that if the younger Lee, the current Prime Minister, wished to sue him, Yee would "oblige to dance with him". The 2015 video has since been viewed more than 1 million times.


title: Amos Yee

text: Before uploading the video, Yee said that he was "slightly apprehensive" that what he was doing might be illegal, and told two friends about it. He also looked up the Sedition Act, and told his mother he was making a video criticizing Lee without going into detail about the video's content. She advised him against uploading it but he went ahead anyway. Yee said that his ideas were influenced by meet-ups with members from the Singapore Democratic Party (SDP). Yee was also introduced to Roy Ngerng's blog by an SDP member, and Yee said he was convinced by what Ngerng had published.


title: Amos Yee

text: "The Straits Times" reported that Yee "was largely slammed by netizens over the video, although some defended his right to his opinion", while BBC News reported that the video drew a "visceral response from Singaporeans". The 2015 video resulted in several violent and threatening remarks being made against Yee online, including rape threats, which led to calls by the Media Literacy Council and the Singapore Kindness Movement urging netizens to act responsibly and civilly, even when facing views they find offensive.