title: Reply 1997

text: Director Shin Won-ho re-edited all 16 episodes for a special director's cut DVD, released in February 2013. It also included 358 minutes of exclusive behind-the-scenes footage, a blooper reel, as well as commentary from the director and actors.


title: Reply 1997

text: The show was said to have sparked the "retro" trend in South Korea and the media and cultural commentators have noted an increased interest in the pop culture of the 1990s after the show aired. Notably, the show garnered more interest in "" K-pop idol groups whose heyday took place during the 1990s prior to the Korean Wave, hence not being as well known to international audiences as their much younger counterparts. Not long after the show concluded, Eun and H.O.T members Moon Hee-joon and Tony An joined two other members of fellow first-generation groups in filming their own variety show "Handsome Boys of the 20th Century", which Moon called the "reality-variety show version of "Reply 1997"". In 2014, the highly successful comebacks of Seo Taiji, g.o.d and Fly to the Sky further added to the retro wave. The variety show "Infinite Challenge" began airing the "Saturday, Saturday is for Singers" (ToToGa) segment which specifically features artists and groups popular during the 1990s and has directly led to the reunions of first-generation groups Jinusean, S.E.S, Sechs Kies and H.O.T after over a decade of inactivity or disbandment.


title: Reply 1997

text: Another series from the same writer and director, "Reply 1994" was produced in 2013. Set in a college campus, it follows the pop culture events of that year, including the emergence of seminal K-pop group Seo Taiji and Boys and the basketball craze of the era. It also starred Sung Dong-il and Lee Il-hwa, but as different characters. Younger cast members Jung Eun-ji, Seo In-guk, Hoya, Lee Si-eon, Shin So-yul, Eun Ji-won, and Lee Jooyeon reprised their "Reply 1997" roles in cameo appearances.


title: Reply 1997

text: An American remake, "Answer Me 1999" is in development at Fox, written by Amy Andelson and Emily Meyer ("Step Up 3D"), with the pilot episode directed by Jon M. Chu.


title: Charlie Patino

text: Charlie Michael Patino (; born 17 October 2003) is an English footballer who plays as a midfielder for EFL Championship club Blackpool, on loan from club Arsenal.


title: Charlie Patino

text: Born in Watford, Patino started his career at St Albans City, before joining Luton Town at the age of seven. At 11 years old he signed for Arsenal in 2015 for a £10,000 fee.


title: Charlie Patino

text: Patino rose quickly through the ranks at Arsenal, featuring for the under-18 side at the age of only 14. He is seen as one of Arsenal's most promising youth prospects, with head of scouting at Arsenal, Sean O’Connor, describing him as the "best player who has ever walked through the doors at Hale End", and Arsenal scout Brian Stapleton calling him "the best kid I've ever seen."


title: Charlie Patino

text: He signed his first professional contract with Arsenal in October 2020. In the same month, he was included in "The Guardian"'s "Next Generation" 2020 list, as one of the best young players emerging from Premier League clubs' academies. On 21 December, Patino made his senior debut for Arsenal in a 5–1 EFL Cup quarter-final victory against Sunderland, scoring the final goal of the game at the end of the second-half, shortly after replacing fellow academy graduate Emile Smith Rowe. On 9 January 2022, Patino was a starter in a 1-0 FA Cup Third Round loss to Nottingham Forest.


title: Charlie Patino

text: Patino has represented England at under-15, under-16 and under-17 level. He remains eligible for Spain through his father holding a Spanish passport, and the Spanish FA have reportedly made attempts to get him to switch allegiance.


title: Charlie Patino

text: On 9 October 2021, Patino made his debut for the England U19s during a 3–1 victory against Mexico in Marbella.


title: Charlie Patino

text: On 21 September 2022, Patino made his England U20 debut as a substitute during a 3-0 victory over Chile at the Pinatar Arena.


title: Charlie Patino

text: A ball-playing midfielder, Patino has stated that former Arsenal players Santi Cazorla and Cesc Fàbregas are influences in his style of play. Through his youth career, he was dubbed 'the next Frenkie De Jong' by fans, as his playstyle was seen as 'eerily close' to the former-Ajax midfielder.


title: Charlie Patino

text: Patino was involved in the Amazon Original sports docuseries "", which documented the club by spending time with the coaching staff and players behind the scenes both on and off the field throughout their 2021–22 season.


title: Charlie Patino

text: Patino also appeared on Season 1 of the docuseries Inside Hale End, which documented Arsenal's academy set-up & gave an exclusive view into the Hale End campus, featuring interviews with players & coaching staff.


title: Academia.edu

text: Academia.edu is a for-profit open repository of academic articles free to read by visitors. Uploading and downloading is restricted to registered users. Additional features are accessible only as a paid subscription. Since 2016 various social networking utilities have been added.


title: Academia.edu

text: The site was registered in the .edu top-level domain in 1999 when that domain was not limited to educational institutions. It is operated as for-profit company under the name Academia Inc. Since the site's launch in 2008, the number of users has grown exponentially, reaching about 10 million daily visits in early 2022. At that time the numbers of registered users is 180 million and 40 million papers are available on the site.


title: Academia.edu

text: On its filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, the company uses the legal name Academia Inc.


title: Academia.edu

text: Months after its acquisition of Academia.edu competitor Mendeley, Elsevier sent thousands of takedown notices to Academia.edu, a practice that has ceased since then, following widespread complaint by academics, according to Academia.edu founder and chief executive Richard Price.


title: Academia.edu

text: In 2022 the company announced plans to launch ten “open access” journals "to swiftly review and publish their work, in a fresh disruption to the sector".


title: Academia.edu

text: Critics mention several alternatives for free access publications for people who want to make their work freely available. Many universities and educational consortia have their own institutional repositories, including the Big Ten Academic Alliance. Zenodo (funded by The OpenAIRE Consortium) and Humanities Commons both work to keep humanities scholarship online without monetizing it. Academia.edu's competitors include ResearchGate, Google Scholar and Mendeley. In 2016 Academia.edu reportedly had more registered users than ResearchGate (about 34 million versus 11 million) and higher web traffic, but ResearchGate had substantially more active usage by researchers. In 2020, the traffic ranks had reversed, with ResearchGate ranked in the top 150–200 websites globally according to Alexa Internet, whereas Academia.edu was positioned in the 200–300 range.


title: Academia.edu

text: Unpaywall, which collects data about open access versions of academic publications and provides easy access to them, is considered a competitor to Academia.edu for the users who prefer more legally sound green open access hosts.


title: Academia.edu

text: Academia.edu is not a university or institution for higher learning and so under current standards it would not qualify for the ".edu" top-level domain. However, since the domain name "Academia.edu" was registered in 1999, before the regulations required .edu domain names to be held solely by accredited post-secondary institutions in the USA, it is allowed to remain active and operational. All .edu domain names registered before 2001 were grandfathered in, even if not an accredited USA post-secondary institution.


title: Academia.edu

text: According to the University of Oklahoma libraries, when interacting with Academia.edu, users should keep in mind that "you are not the customer," but rather "you are the product that these services seek to monetize and/or "offer up" to advertisers," that "you might be breaking the law," even if you are uploading your own work," and finally that "there are privacy implications," because a commercial site does not follow professional standards and "may share information about you".


title: Academia.edu

text: A critic, Kathleen Fitzpatrick, the director of scholarly communication at the Modern Language Association, said she found the use of the ".edu" domain name by Academia.edu to be "extremely problematic", since it might mislead users into thinking the site is part of an accredited educational institution rather than a for-profit company.


title: Academia.edu

text: Academia.edu claims it supports the open science or open access movements and, in particular, instant distribution of research, and a peer-review system that occurs alongside distribution, instead of before it. Accordingly, the company stated its opposition to the proposed (since withdrawn) 2011 U.S. Research Works Act, which would have prevented open-access mandates in the U.S.


title: Academia.edu

text: However, in the view of critic Peter Suber, Academia.edu is not an open access repository and is not recommended as a way to pursue green open access. Peter Suber instead invites researchers to use field-specific repositories or general-purpose repositories like Zenodo.


title: Academia.edu

text: In early 2016, some users reported having received e-mails from Academia.edu where they were asked if they would be interested in paying a fee to have their papers recommended by the website's editors. This led some users to start a campaign encouraging users to cancel their Academia.edu accounts.


title: Academia.edu

text: Other criticisms include the fact that Academia.edu uses a vendor lock-in model: "It's up to Academia.edu to decide what you can and can't do with the information you've given them, and they're not likely to make it easy for alternative methods to access". This is in reference to the fact that, although papers can be read by non-users, a free account is needed in order to download papers: "you need to be logged in to do most of the useful things on the site (even as a casual reader)".


title: Academia.edu

text: In December 2016, Academia.edu announced new premium features that includes data analytics on work and the professional rank of the viewers, which have also received criticism.


title: Academia.edu

text: As of 2022, Academia.edu collects potential publications by scientists based on their names. If people have common names or if there are multiple scientists with the same name, the users get numerous so-called "mentions", and are asked to identify which publications are actually theirs and which are not. Doing so, however, requires a monthly or annually paid premium account. Without paying, scientists are not able to check which "mentions" are correctly or incorrectly assigned to their accounts. Keeping their account up-to-date and faultless therefore requires a paid account.


title: Pyruvic acid

text: Pyruvic acid (CHCOCOOH) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a ketone functional group. Pyruvate, the conjugate base, CHCOCOO, is an intermediate in several metabolic pathways throughout the cell.


title: Pyruvic acid

text: Pyruvic acid can be made from glucose through glycolysis, converted back to carbohydrates (such as glucose) via gluconeogenesis, or to fatty acids through a reaction with acetyl-CoA. It can also be used to construct the amino acid alanine and can be converted into ethanol or lactic acid via fermentation.


title: Pyruvic acid

text: Pyruvic acid supplies energy to cells through the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) when oxygen is present (aerobic respiration), and alternatively ferments to produce lactate when oxygen is lacking.


title: Pyruvic acid

text: In 1834, Théophile-Jules Pelouze distilled tartaric acid and isolated glutaric acid and another unknown organic acid. Jöns Jacob Berzelius characterized this other acid the following year and named pyruvic acid because it was distilled using heat. The correct molecular structure was deduced by the 1870s. Pyruvic acid is a colorless liquid with a smell similar to that of acetic acid and is miscible with water. In the laboratory, pyruvic acid may be prepared by heating a mixture of tartaric acid and potassium hydrogen sulfate, by the oxidation of propylene glycol by a strong oxidizer (e.g., potassium permanganate or bleach), or by the hydrolysis of acetyl cyanide, formed by reaction of acetyl chloride with potassium cyanide:


title: Pyruvic acid

text: Pyruvate is an important chemical compound in biochemistry. It is the output of the metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis. One molecule of glucose breaks down into two molecules of pyruvate, which are then used to provide further energy, in one of two ways. Pyruvate is converted into acetyl-coenzyme A, which is the main input for a series of reactions known as the Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle). Pyruvate is also converted to oxaloacetate by an anaplerotic reaction, which replenishes Krebs cycle intermediates; also, the oxaloacetate is used for gluconeogenesis. These reactions are named after Hans Adolf Krebs, the biochemist awarded the 1953 Nobel Prize for physiology, jointly with Fritz Lipmann, for research into metabolic processes. The cycle is also known as the citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle, because citric acid is one of the intermediate compounds formed during the reactions.


title: Pyruvic acid

text: If insufficient oxygen is available, the acid is broken down anaerobically, creating lactate in animals and ethanol in plants and microorganisms (and carp). Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted by fermentation to lactate using the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase and the coenzyme NADH in lactate fermentation, or to acetaldehyde (with the enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase) and then to ethanol in alcoholic fermentation.


title: Pyruvic acid

text: Pyruvate is a key intersection in the network of metabolic pathways. Pyruvate can be converted into carbohydrates via gluconeogenesis, to fatty acids or energy through acetyl-CoA, to the amino acid alanine, and to ethanol. Therefore, it unites several key metabolic processes.


title: Pyruvic acid

text: In glycolysis, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is converted to pyruvate by pyruvate kinase. This reaction is strongly exergonic and irreversible; in gluconeogenesis, it takes two enzymes, pyruvate carboxylase and PEP carboxykinase, to catalyze the reverse transformation of pyruvate to PEP.


title: Pyruvic acid

text: Pyruvate is sold as a weight-loss supplement, though credible science has yet to back this claim. A systematic review of six trials found a statistically significant difference in body weight with pyruvate compared to placebo. However, all of the trials had methodological weaknesses and the magnitude of the effect was small. The review also identified adverse events associated with pyruvate such as diarrhea, bloating, gas, and increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. The authors concluded that there was insufficient evidence to support the use of pyruvate for weight loss.


title: Pyruvic acid

text: There is also "in vitro" as well as "in vivo" evidence in hearts that pyruvate improves metabolism by NADH production stimulation and increases cardiac function.


title: Intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance

text: ISTAR stands for intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance. In its macroscopic sense, ISTAR is a practice that links several battlefield functions together to assist a combat force in employing its sensors and managing the information they gather.


text: Information is collected on the battlefield through systematic observation by deployed soldiers and a variety of electronic sensors. "Surveillance", "target acquisition" and "reconnaissance" are methods of obtaining this information. The information is then passed to intelligence personnel for analysis, and then to the commander and their staff for the formulation of battle plans. Intelligence is processed information that is relevant and contributes to an understanding of the ground, and of enemy dispositions and intents. Intelligence failures can happen.


text: ISR is the coordinated and integrated acquisition, processing and provision of timely, accurate, relevant, coherent and assured information and intelligence to support commander's conduct of activities. Land, sea, air and space platforms have critical ISR roles in supporting operations in general. By massing ISR assets, an improved clarity and depth of knowledge can be established. ISR encompasses multiple activities related to the planning and operation of systems that collect, process, and disseminate data in support of current and future military operations.


text: On 28 July 2021 the NDAA budget markup by the House Armed Services Committee sought to retain ISR resources such as the RQ-4 Global Hawk, the E-8 Joint Surveillance Radar and Attack System (JSTARS) which the Air Force is seeking to divest.


text: Examples of ISR systems include surveillance and reconnaissance systems ranging from satellites, to crewed aircraft such as the U-2, to uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) such as the US Air Force's Global Hawk and Predator and the US Army's Hunter and PSST Aerostats, to unmanned ocean-going vessels, to other ground-, air-, sea-, or space-based equipment, to human intelligence teams, or to AI-based ISR systems. The intelligence data provided by these ISR systems can take many forms, including optical, radar, or infrared images or electronic signals. Effective ISR data can provide early warning of enemy threats as well as enable military forces to increase effectiveness, coordination, and lethality, and demand for ISR capabilities to support ongoing military operations has increased. In December 2021, the US Navy began testing the usefulness and effectiveness of unmanned "saildrones" at recognizing targets of interest on the high seas.


text: For space-based targeting sensors, in a 2019 Broad Agency Announcement, the US government defined ISR in this case as "a capability for gathering data and information on an object or in an area of interest (AOI) on a persistent, event-driven, or scheduled basis using imagery, signals, and other collection methods. This includes warning (to include ballistic missile activity), targeting analysis, threat capability assessment, situational awareness, battle damage assessment (BDA), and characterization of the operational environment." "Persistence" was in turn described: "Persistent access provides predictable coverage of an area of interest (AOI). Most space-based intelligence collection capabilities consist of multiple satellites operating in concert, or supplemented by other sensors, when continuous surveillance of an area is desired. Persistent sensors must provide sufficient surveillance revisit timelines to support a weapon strike at any time."


text: The United States Space Force, National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), and National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) share the satellite-based ISR task as of 2021. "See Space Delta 7"


text: NGA uses Data transformation services (DTS), a program begun in 2018, to convert raw sensor data into a format usable by its mission partners, who are government agencies whose names are classified. In light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, NGA has taken operational control of DoD's Project Maven, the AI ISR project for area defense, to identify point targets for ISR.


text: NRO "has a proven track record in [ISR]", insists one of the founders of the US Space Force, who defends the capability of the NRO over the ambition of the Space Force to take over the role of ISR. GMTI (ground moving target indicator) data is an objective for Space Force, NGA, and NRO.


text: Junior (3rd year) and Senior (4th year) cadets at West Point had hands-on experience building and using drones with various tactical capabilities, guided by faculty from the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science departments in tactical applications during Cadet Leadership Development Training in July 2022.


text: ISR concepts are also associated with certain intelligence units, for instance Task Force ODIN, ISR TF (Company+) in Bosnia, Kosovo and Afghanistan. In the United States, the similar entity is used within their Marine Corps's Surveillance, Reconnaissance, and Intelligence Group (SRIG). The SRIG modelled as a consolidated military intelligence collection agency, most of the gathered intelligence are collected from many sources (i.e. STA Sniper platoons, Marine reconnaissance assets, signal intelligence, etc.).


text: In light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, commercial satellite imagery is being used to track troop movements, broadcast world events in real time, and conduct war.—NHK World-Japan


text: ISTAR is the process of integrating the intelligence process with surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance tasks in order to improve a commander's situational awareness and consequently their decision making. The inclusion of the "I" is important as it recognizes the importance of taking the information from all the sensors and processing it into useful knowledge.


text: There are several variations on the "ISTAR" acronym. Some variations reflect specific emphasis on certain aspects of ISTAR.


text: RSTA is used by the US Army in place of STAR or ISTAR. Also, a term used to identify certain US Army units: for instance, 3rd Squadron, 153rd RSTA. These units serve a similar role to the below mentioned US Marine Corps STA platoons, but on a larger scale.


title: Pinot gris

text: Pinot Gris, Pinot Grigio (, ) or Grauburgunder is a white wine grape variety of the species "Vitis vinifera". Thought to be a mutant clone of the Pinot Noir variety, it normally has a grayish-blue fruit, accounting for its name, but the grapes can have a brownish pink to black and even white appearance. The word "pinot" could have been given to it because the grapes grow in small pinecone-shaped clusters. The wines produced from this grape also vary in color from a deep golden yellow to copper and even a light shade of pink, and it is one of the more popular grapes for skin-contact wine.


title: Pinot gris

text: Pinot Gris is grown around the globe, with the "spicy" full-bodied Alsatian and lighter-bodied, more acidic Italian styles being most widely recognized. The Alsatian style, often duplicated in New World wine regions such as Marlborough, Tasmania, South Australia, Washington, Oregon, and South Africa tend to have moderate to low acidity, higher alcohol levels and an almost "oily" texture that contributes to the full-bodied nature of the wine. The flavors can range from ripe tropical fruit notes of melon and mango to some botrytis-influenced flavors. In Italy, Pinot grigio grapes are often harvested early to retain the refreshing acidity and minimize some of the overt-fruitiness of the variety, creating a more neutral flavor profile. This style is often imitated in other Old World wine regions, such as Germany, where the grape is known as Ruländer, or more commonly, Grauburgunder.


title: Pinot gris

text: Pinot Gris has been known since the Middle Ages in the Burgundy region, where it was probably called Fromenteau. It spread from Burgundy, along with Pinot Noir, arriving in Switzerland by 1300. The grape was reportedly a favorite of Emperor Charles IV, who had cuttings imported to Hungary by Cistercian monks: the brothers planted the vines on the slopes of Badacsony bordering Lake Balaton in 1375. The vine soon after developed the name "Szürkebarát" meaning "grey monk." In 1711, a German merchant named (re)discovered a grape growing wild in the fields of the Palatinate. The subsequent wine he produced became known as "Ruländer," and the vine was later discovered to be Pinot Gris.


title: Pinot gris

text: Until the 18th and 19th centuries, the grape was a popular planting in Burgundy and Champagne, but poor yields and unreliable crops caused the grape to fall out of favor in those areas. The same fate nearly occurred in Germany, but vine breeders in the early 20th century were able to develop clonal varieties that would produce a more consistent and reliable crop.


title: Pinot gris

text: Researchers at the University of California, Davis, have determined that Pinot Gris has a remarkably similar DNA profile to Pinot Noir and that the color difference is derived from a genetic mutation that occurred centuries ago. The leaves and the vines of both grapes are so similar that the coloration is the only aspect that differentiates the two.


title: Pinot gris

text: Santa Margherita wine group, a wine producer, located in the north of Italy, has been the first company in the world in 1961 to vinify pink Pinot Grigio grapes as a white wine.


title: Pinot gris

text: Around 2005, Pinot gris was enjoying increasing popularity in the marketplace, especially in its Pinot Grigio incarnation and similar New World varietal wines.


title: Pinot gris

text: A major grape in Alsace, grown on 13.9% of the region's vineyard surface in 2006, the varietal is markedly different from Pinot Gris found elsewhere. The cool climate of Alsace and warm volcanic soils are particularly well suited for Pinot Gris, with its dry autumns allowing plenty of time for the grapes to hang on the vines, often resulting in wines of very powerful flavors.


title: Pinot gris

text: Pinot gris is one of the so-called noble grapes of Alsace, along with Riesling, Gewürztraminer, and Muscat, which may be used for varietal Alsace Grand Cru AOC and the late harvest wines Vendange Tardive and Sélection de Grains Nobles.


title: Pinot gris

text: Previously, the Pinot Gris wines produced in Alsace were originally labeled Tokay d'Alsace. In the Middle Ages, the grape was popularized in the region by Hungarian traders who were introduced to the grape from Burgundy. During this time, Tokaji was one of the most popular and sought-after wines on the market, and the name was probably used to gain more prestige for the Alsatian wine. Pinot Gris was believed to have been brought back to Alsace by General Lazarus von Schwendi after his campaign against the Turks in the 16th century. It was planted in Kientzheim under the name "Tokay." However, the Pinot Gris grape has no known genetic relations to the Furmint, Hárslevelű, Yellow Muscat, and Orémus grapes that are traditionally used in Tokaji wine. In 1980, the European Economic Community passed regulations related to Protected designations of origin (PDOs), and when Hungary started negotiations for European Union membership, it became clear that the Tokay name would have to become a PDO for the Tokaj-Hegyalja region. Therefore, in 1993, an agreement was reached between Hungary and the European Union to phase out the name Tokay from non-Hungarian wine. In the case of Alsace, Tokay Pinot Gris was adopted as an intermediate step, with the "Tokay" part to be eliminated in 2007. Many producers had implemented the change to plain Pinot Gris on their labels by the early 2000s, several years before the deadline.


title: Pinot gris

text: Pinot Gris was first introduced into Australia in 1832 in the collection of grapes brought by James Busby. In Victoria, wines from the grape are labeled both Pinot Gris and Pinot Grigio, depending on the sweetness of wine, with the drier wines being labeled Pinot Grigio.


title: Pinot gris

text: Source: Vine area statistics, 13 March 2008, Statistisches Bundesamt, Wiesbaden 2008 in Beschreibende Sortenliste des Bundessortenamtes 2008, p. 198 ff.


title: Pinot gris

text: In Hungary, this variety of wine is called Szürkebarát and is produced primarily in the Badacsony, Mátra, and Balaton-felvidék regions.


title: Pinot gris

text: In Italy, where the grape is known as Pinot Grigio, plantings can be found in the Lombardy region around Oltrepo Pavese and in Alto Adige, Italy's northernmost wine region. The grape is also prominent in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region.


title: Pinot gris

text: Pinot gris is grown in both the North Island, (Waiheke Island, Hawkes Bay, Gisborne) and the South Island (Central Otago, Nelson, Marlborough, Waipara), with producing . This is a nearly eight-fold increase since 2003. In 2007, Pinot Gris overtook Riesling as the third most planted white variety after Sauvignon blanc and Chardonnay. Half of all plantings are in Canterbury and Marlborough, with the wine developing a "rich, flinty, fruit-laden character".


title: Pinot gris

text: David Lett from Eyrie Vineyards planted the first American Pinot Gris vines in Oregon in 1965. Hoping to increase sales, Lett started to graft Riesling vines to Pinot Gris in 1979. The grape originally had difficulties finding a sustainable market until Lett began marketing the wine to salmon traders as a good match to the fish. The wine's popularity only increased slightly until the mid-1990s, when well-capitalized larger producers entered the picture with enough volume to warrant expensive marketing. In 1991, King Estate Winery was the world's leading producer of premium Pinot Gris and farmed the world's largest contiguous organic vineyard, which contains over of Pinot Gris grapes.


title: Pinot gris

text: There are about planted in the Central and South coastal areas of California. The Pinot Gris from California is often called Pinot Grigio because of its similarity in style to the wine of Italy.


title: Pinot gris

text: Pinot Gris can be found in the northern regions of Ohio, which is considered part of the pinot trail.


title: Pinot gris

text: The grape grows best in cool climates and matures relatively early with high sugar levels. This can lead to either a sweeter wine or if fermented to dryness, a wine high in alcohol. Clusters of Pinot Gris may have a variety of colors on the vine. The grapes grow in small clusters (hence the pinecone name) and, upon ripening, often display a pinkish-gray hue, although the colors can vary from blue-gray to pinkish-brown.


title: Pinot gris

text: Wines made from the Pinot Gris vary greatly and are dependent on the region and wine-making style they are from. Alsatian Pinot Gris are medium to full-bodied wines with a rich, somewhat floral bouquet. They tend to be spicy in comparison with other Pinot Gris. While most Pinot Gris are meant to be consumed early, Alsatian Pinot Gris can age well. German Pinot Gris are more full-bodied with a balance of acidity and slight sweetness. In Oregon the wines are medium bodied with a yellow to copper-pink color and aromas of pear, apple, and/or melon. In California, the Pinot Gris are more light bodied with a crisp, refreshing taste with some pepper and arugula notes. The Pinot grigio style of Italy is a light-bodied, often lean wine that is light in color with sometimes spritzy flavors that can be crisp and acidic.


title: Pinot gris

text: Pinot Gris is considered an "early to market wine" that can be bottled and out on the market within 4–12 weeks after fermentation.


title: John Wesley Shipp

text: John Wesley Shipp (born January 22, 1955) is an American actor known for his various television roles. He played the lead Barry Allen on CBS's superhero series "The Flash" from 1990 to 1991, and Mitch Leery, the title character's father, on the drama series "Dawson's Creek" from 1998 to 2001. Shipp has also played several roles in daytime soap operas including Kelly Nelson on "Guiding Light" from 1980 to 1984, and Douglas Cummings on "As the World Turns" from 1985 to 1986 (which earned him his first Daytime Emmy Award). He portrays Barry Allen's father Henry, Earth-2 Flash Jay Garrick, and Earth-90's Barry Allen/The Flash on the current series entitled "The Flash" on the CW network.


title: John Wesley Shipp

text: Shipp was born in Norfolk, Virginia. His father was a farmer who returned to school when Shipp was young, and after attending the seminary in Wake Forest, North Carolina, he became the pastor of a small church outside Wake Forest. Shipp later gave a keynote speech to the graduating class of Wake Forest Rolesville High School Class of 1999 to recount the tale of his father's attempts to integrate the community in the late 1960s.


title: John Wesley Shipp

text: Shipp began his career with a regular role on the daytime soap opera "Guiding Light", playing Dr. Kelly Nelson from 1980 to 1984. Shipp followed this with more roles in daytime, playing Douglas Cummings on "As the World Turns" from 1985 to 1986 (which earned him his first Daytime Emmy Award in 1986), and Martin Ellis on "Santa Barbara" in 1987 (for which he won his second Daytime Emmy Award), followed by Blanchard Lovelace on "One Life to Live" in 1989, and Carter Jones on "All My Children" in 1992. He also had guest appearances on primetime series, such as playing a peeper on an episode of "Fantasy Island" in 1983.


title: John Wesley Shipp

text: Shipp won the title role of Barry Allen/The Flash on the CBS series "The Flash", which aired in the 1990–91 season. He followed this with the recurring role of Lucky on the NBC series "Sisters" from 1994 to 1995. Shipp also appeared on stage in the 1990s, starring in Erik Jendresen's "The Killing of Michael Malloy" in 1993. In 1998, he was cast as Mitch Leery, the father of the lead character Dawson, on The WB drama series "Dawson's Creek"; Shipp remained part of the series' main cast through its first four seasons, exiting in 2001.


title: John Wesley Shipp

text: In November 2010, Shipp returned to daytime in the short-term role of villainous Eddie Ford on "One Life to Live", who was killed off in a murder mystery in mid-December. In the summer of 2011, he guest-starred on the Lifetime series "Drop Dead Diva", playing the ex-husband of the character played by comedian Kathy Griffin. Shipp filmed three episodes of the MTV series "Teen Wolf" as the abusive father of Daniel Sharman's character, which aired during the summer of 2012. Also in 2012, he starred in the independent film "Hell and Mr. Fudge", with Mackenzie Astin and Eileen Davidson.


title: John Wesley Shipp

text: Shipp returned to involvement with The Flash in the 2010s. He was cast in a "mysterious" role on The CW series "The Flash" in early 2014, which was later revealed to be the recurring role of Henry Allen, the father of titular character. In the second-season finale of "The Flash", Shipp played Jay Garrick, an alternate universe counterpart of The Flash. He also provided the voice to the villain Professor Eobard Thawne, the Reverse-Flash, in a 2010 episode of the animated series "".


title: John Wesley Shipp

text: In 2015, Shipp also began lending his voice to the unique role of Sheriff Burns on the podcast drama "Powder Burns". It ran from 2015 to 2018, and was written and produced by David A. Gregory, and was recognized by the Voice Arts Awards and the Audio Verse Awards.


title: John Wesley Shipp

text: Shipp returned to the stage in 2016 as Juror #8 in Judson Theatre Company's production of "Twelve Angry Men". He also performed the same role in a 2017 reading of the play at Brookfield Theatre for the Arts.


title: John Wesley Shipp

text: At the 14th Annual Daytime Emmy Awards in 1987, Shipp won the Outstanding Guest Performer Award (in a category that included Celeste Holm, Eileen Heckart, and Terrance Mann) becoming the only actor with consecutive wins from two different daytime dramas.


title: John Jarratt

text: John Jarratt is an Australian television film actor, producer and director and TV presenter who rose to fame through his work in the Australian New Wave. He has appeared in a number of film roles including "Picnic at Hanging Rock" (1975), "Summer City" (1977), "The Odd Angry Shot" (1979), "We of the Never Never" (1982), "Next of Kin" (1982), and "Dark Age" (1987). He portrayed the antagonist Mick Taylor in the "Wolf Creek" franchise. He voiced the protagonist's father, Jack Hunter, in an audio drama adaptation of "The Phoenix Files". He is also known for his recurring role in the drama series "McLeod's Daughters".


title: John Jarratt

text: Jarratt was born in what was then a small coal-mining village, now the Wollongong suburb of Wongawilli, New South Wales on the 5th August 1951, where he would grow up, before the family later moved to the Snowy Mountains area. His father was a coal miner, and later a concreter working on the Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Scheme. Jarratt comes from a family of Irish Catholic descent; however, his patrilineal ancestor George Jarratt, born 1833, came from Croxton in Cambridgeshire, England. George's son John married Mary Kelly from Ireland. On the genealogy show "Who Do You Think You Are?", Jarratt confirmed that his great-great-grandfather was Chinese.


title: John Jarratt

text: While in high school, Jarratt directed and acted in a school play which was a great success and led to his school principal recommending that he pursue an acting career. As a young boy, he enjoyed recreational activities such as knitting and sewing. His favourite thing to make was scarves for his school peers.


title: John Jarratt

text: Jarratt graduated from the National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA) in 1973. His screen debut was in "The Great Macarthy" (1975). He also appeared in Peter Weir's "Picnic at Hanging Rock" (1975) and "Summer City" (1977) with Mel Gibson. Jarratt had the lead role in the 1979 mini series "The Last Outlaw" playing Ned Kelly. He played a major supporting role as a young Australian soldier in Vietnam War movie "The Odd Angry Shot" (1980) and "We of the Never Never" (1982). In the late 1980s, Jarratt recognised he had a problem with binge-drinking and related violence. He joined Alcoholics Anonymous, an organisation in which he continues to be active.


title: John Jarratt

text: In the 1990s, Jarratt was a presenter on the lifestyle show "Better Homes and Gardens" with then-wife Noni Hazlehurst. He had guest roles in "Inspector Morse", "Police Rescue", "Blue Murder", "Water Rats" and "Blue Heelers" in the 1990s and 2000s. He joined the cast of "McLeod's Daughters" in 2001, and left the show in 2006. In 2010, Jarratt appeared in a commercial for Husqvarna, where he proved the tools' efficiency by playing his character in Wolf Creek.


title: John Jarratt

text: In May 2013, Jarratt filmed a guest star role in the third instalment of the ABC telemovie series, "Jack Irish: Dead Point".


title: John Jarratt

text: In 2016 and 17, Jarratt was working on the Wolf Creek tv series, reprising his role of Mick Taylor from the 2 movies.


title: John Jarratt

text: In 2005, Jarratt had a major role in the Australian film "Wolf Creek", playing the villain Mick Taylor. In 2007, he appeared in two films, "Rogue" and "The Final Winter". Jarratt also had a small role in the 2008 film, "Australia", as a soldier.


title: John Jarratt

text: In 2008, Jarratt launched his own film production company, Winnah Films. Winnah's first feature film, "Savages Crossing" (originally carrying the working title "Flood") went into principal photography outside Ipswich, Queensland in February. In 2009, he appears as the father of a teenage girl via phone in Telstra's "Next G" commercials.


title: John Jarratt

text: In 2010, Jarratt starred in the ensemble exploitation extravaganza, "Bad Behaviour", written and directed by Joseph Sims. In the same year, Jarratt also had a role in the supernatural horror movie "Needle".


title: John Jarratt

text: He made a cameo in Quentin Tarantino's "Django Unchained" in 2012, appearing as an employee of the Le Quint Dickie Mining Company alongside Tarantino himself, both appearing with Australian accents.


title: John Jarratt

text: In February 2013, Jarratt reprised his role as Mick Taylor, filming the "Wolf Creek" sequel, "Wolf Creek 2", with Matt Hearn producing and Greg McLean directing. The film was released on 20 February 2014


title: John Jarratt

text: In January 2014, Jarratt starred in, and co-directed romantic comedy thriller "StalkHer", the film met with mixed reviews. The producer of the film is 'OZPIX', a production company partly owned by Jarratt.


title: John Jarratt

text: Jarratt returned to audio drama work, after working for the ABC in the 1970s to co-star in Benjamin Maio Mackay's adaptation of The Phoenix Files in 2017. The first two instalments were released across 2017 and 2018, but as of August 26 Jarratt is no longer listed as being involved with the project.


title: John Jarratt

text: Jarratt has been married four times. First to Rosa Miano, then to actress Noni Hazlehurst, then Jody Jarratt, and again to Rosa Miano. His children with his second wife, Noni, are all named after characters Jarratt has portrayed in his films. In his spare time, he enjoys collecting bones on his farm in Wollongong.


title: John Jarratt

text: In August 2007, Jarratt filed a lawsuit against the Seven Network over a story which ran on the current affairs show "Today Tonight". He claimed the story defamed him. The story told of Jarratt in a dispute with his tenant and how he had made attempts to intimidate and evict the tenant. The story accused Jarratt of echoing his character Mick Taylor from the film "Wolf Creek" in his intimidation, described an answering machine message left by him to his tenant saying "I have always been a winner—a winner". A lawyer for Seven told the court that the story had not portrayed Jarratt as a "psychopathic killer". The case was adjourned until 12 October 2007.


title: John Jarratt

text: On 25 August 2018, Jarratt was charged with rape after a woman came forward to report an alleged incident in 1976. Jarratt pleaded not guilty. After a five-day trial, he was found not guilty on 5 July 2019. After his acquittal, Jarratt launched a lawsuit against "The Daily Telegraph" over their reporting of his case. He dropped the case after a month, but then restarted it after the "Telegraph" posted an article saying that he "got away with rape". The suit was settled out of court on 22 December 2019, with the "Telegraph" posting an apology on their website.


title: Windows on the World

text: Windows on the World was a complex of dining, meeting, and entertainment venues on the top floors (106th and 107th) of the North Tower (Building One) of the original World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan.


title: Windows on the World

text: It included a restaurant called Windows on the World, a smaller restaurant called Wild Blue (before 1999 was called "Cellar in the Sky"), a bar called The Greatest Bar on Earth, (which had previously been the Hors d'Oeuvrerie)) as well as a Wine School and Conference and Banquet rooms for private functions located on the 106th floor. Developed by restaurateur Joe Baum and designed initially by Warren Platner, Windows on the World occupied 50,000 square feet (4,600 m) of space in the North Tower. The Skydive Restaurant, which was a 180 seat cafeteria on the 44th floor of 1 WTC conceived for office workers, was also operated by Windows on the World.


title: Windows on the World

text: The restaurants opened on April 12, 1976, and were destroyed in the September 11 attacks. All of the staff members who were present in the restaurant on the day of the attacks perished.


title: Windows on the World

text: The main dining room faced north and east, allowing guests to look out onto the skyline of Manhattan. The dress code required jackets for men and was strictly enforced; a man who arrived with a reservation but without a jacket was seated at the bar. The restaurant offered jackets that were loaned to the patrons so they could eat in the main dining room. The dinnerware, rugs, lighting fixtures, menus and the communication equipment were designed by Milton Glaser.


title: Windows on the World

text: A more intimate dining room, Wild Blue, was located on the south side of the restaurant. The bar extended along the south side of 1 World Trade Center as well as the corner over part of the east side. Looking out from the bar through the full length windows, one could see views of the southern tip of Manhattan, where the Hudson and East Rivers meet. In addition, one could see the Liberty State Park with Ellis Island and Staten Island with the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge. The kitchens, utility spaces, and conference center in the restaurant were located on the 106th floor.


title: Windows on the World

text: Windows on the World closed after the 1993 bombing, in which employee Wilfredo Mercado was killed while checking in deliveries in the building's underground garage. The explosion also damaged receiving areas, storage and parking spots used by the restaurant complex. On May 12, 1994, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey announced that the Joseph Baum & Michael Whiteman Company had won the contract to run the restaurants after Windows's former operator, Inhilco, gave up its lease. It underwent a US$25 million renovation and reopened in June 26, 1996. Cellar in the Sky, which was a different space within the restaurant (it could only seat 60 people), reopened after Labor Day. In 1999, Cellar in the Sky was changed into an American steakhouse and renamed "Wild Blue". In 2000, its final full year of operation, it reported revenues of US$37 million, making it the highest-grossing restaurant in the United States.


title: Windows on the World

text: The executive chefs of Windows on the World included Philippe Feret of Brasserie Julien while the last chef was Michael Lomonaco.


title: Windows on the World

text: Windows on the World was destroyed when the North Tower collapsed during the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. That morning, the restaurant was hosting regular breakfast patrons and the Risk Waters Financial Technology Congress. World Trade Center lessor Larry Silverstein was regularly holding breakfast meetings in Windows on the World with tenants as part of his recent acquisition of the Twin Towers from the Port Authority, and was scheduled to be in the restaurant on the morning of the attacks. However, his wife insisted that he had to go to a dermatologist's appointment that morning, whereby he avoided death. Everyone present in the restaurant when American Airlines Flight 11 crashed into the North Tower at 8:46a.m. died that day, as all means of escape (including the stairwells and elevators leading to below the impact zone) were instantly severed. Victims trapped in Windows on the World died either from smoke inhalation from the fire, jumping or falling from the building to their deaths, or the eventual collapse of the North Tower 102 minutes later.


title: Windows on the World

text: There were 72 restaurant staff present in the restaurant, including assistant general manager Christine Olender, whose desperate calls to Port Authority police represented the restaurant's final communications. Sixteen Incisive Media-Risk Waters Group employees, as well as 76 other guests/contractors, were also present. Among those also present was the executive director of the Port Authority, Neil Levin, who was having breakfast. After about 9:40a.m., no further distress calls from the restaurant were made. The last people to leave the restaurant before Flight 11 collided with the North Tower at 8:46a.m. were Michael Nestor, Liz Thompson, Geoffrey Wharton, and Richard Tierney. They departed at 8:44a.m. and survived the attack.


title: Windows on the World

text: In its last iteration, Windows on the World received mixed reviews. Ruth Reichl, a "New York Times" food critic, said in December 1996 that "nobody will ever go to Windows on the World just to eat, but even the fussiest food person can now be content dining at one of New York's favorite tourist destinations." She gave the restaurant two out of four stars, signifying a "very good" quality rather than "excellent" (three stars) or "extraordinary" (four stars). In his 2009 book "Appetite", William Grimes wrote that "At Windows, New York was the main course." In 2014, Ryan Sutton of "Eater.com" compared the now-destroyed restaurant's cuisine to that of its replacement, One World Observatory. He stated, "Windows helped usher in a new era of captive audience dining in that the restaurant was a destination in itself, rather than a lazy byproduct of the vital institution it resided in."


title: Windows on the World

text: Windows of Hope Family Relief Fund was organized soon after the attacks to provide support and services to the families of those in the food, beverage, and hospitality industries who had been killed on September 11 in the World Trade Center. Windows on the World executive chef Michael Lomonaco and owner-operator David Emil were among the founders of that fund.


title: Windows on the World

text: It has been speculated that "The Falling Man", a famous photograph of a man dressed in white falling headfirst on September 11, was an employee at Windows on the World. Although his identity has never been conclusively established, he was believed to be Jonathan Briley, an audio technician at the restaurant.


title: Windows on the World

text: On March 30, 2005, the novel "Windows on the World", by French novelist Frédéric Beigbeder, was released. The novel focuses on two brothers, aged seven and nine years, who are in the restaurant with their dad Carthew Yorsten. The novel starts at 8:29a.m. (just before the plane hits the tower) and tells about every event on every following minute, ending at 10:30a.m., just after the collapse. Published in 2012, Kenneth Womack's novel "The Restaurant at the End of the World" offers a fictive recreation of the lives of the staff and visitors at the Windows on the World complex on the morning of September 11.


title: Windows on the World

text: On January 4, 2006, a number of former Windows on the World staff opened Colors, a co-operative restaurant in Manhattan that serves as a tribute to their colleagues and whose menu reflects the diversity of the former Windows' staff. That original restaurant closed, but its founders' umbrella organization, Restaurant Opportunities Centers United, continues its mission, including at Colors restaurants in New York and other cities.


title: Windows on the World

text: Windows on the World was planned to reopen on the top floors of the new One World Trade Center, when the tower was complete. However, on March 7, 2011, it was cancelled because of cost concerns and other troubles finding support for the project. Instead, One World Observatory contains eateries named ONE Dine, ONE Mix and ONE Café.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: Johann Georg Wyss known as Hansjörg Wyss (born 19 September 1935) is a Swiss billionaire businessman and donor to politically liberal and environmental causes in the United States. He is the founder and the former president and chairman of Synthes Holding AG, a medical device manufacturer. His Wyss Foundation has more than $2 billion in assets. As of March 2022, Wyss had a net worth of US$5.1 billion, according to "Forbes". Having donated hundreds of millions of dollars to environmental causes, he has more recently increased his donations to groups promoting progressive causes. He is currently the co-owner of football club Chelsea.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: Wyss was born in Bern, Switzerland, in 1935. His father sold mechanical calculators and his mother was a homemaker. He was brought up in a flat with two sisters. After receiving a master's degree in civil and structural engineering from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich in 1959, Wyss earned an MBA from Harvard Business School in 1965. Following that, he worked in various positions in the textile industry, including as a factory engineer and project manager for Chrysler in Pakistan, Turkey, and the Philippines.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: Wyss also worked in the steel industry in Brussels, Belgium. During his time working in that industry, Wyss ran a side business selling aeroplanes. Through one sale, he met a surgeon who had co-founded Swiss medical device manufacturer Synthes. After that meeting, Wyss spent two years learning about the medical device industry. He then founded and became president of Synthes USA in 1977.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: In 1977, Wyss founded and became president of Synthes USA, the U.S. division of the Switzerland-based Synthes, a medical device manufacturer making internal screws and plates for broken bones. He founded the company after meeting Martin Allgoewer, the founder of AO Foundation, and obtaining permission to sell the organization's devices in the Americas. In an early initiative, Wyss opened a Synthes USA manufacturing plant in Colorado. Prior to that, another Swiss company manufactured Synthes' devices and exported them to the U.S. Under Wyss' control, the U.S. division expanded its sales team and trained surgeons how to use its products. Wyss served as Synthes' worldwide CEO and chairman until his resignation as CEO in 2007. He maintained his post as company chairman until Johnson & Johnson acquired Synthes in 2012. During his tenure, Wyss said discussions of new products made up one-third of board meetings. A manager assigned to the Norian project testified before a grand jury that "for somebody who is at his level and his level of success, I would say he [Wyss] has a surprising amount of contact with what's going on". Staff recalled meetings in which he intensively probed their projects.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: In 2009, top executives at Synthes were indicted by U.S. Attorneys for Eastern Pennsylvania for using an untested calcium-phosphate-based bone cement on human patients without authorization from the Food and Drug Administration. Use of the bone cement resulted in the deaths of three people. Wyss was not indicted, but four top executives of Synthes were convicted and sentenced to prison terms.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: In 2012, Wyss sold the company for $19.7 billion in cash and stock to Johnson & Johnson. According to "Bloomberg", he received 97.4 million shares in Johnson & Johnson and $3.2 billion cash from the deal.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: According to "Forbes", Wyss is "among the most philanthropic people in the world". Between 2004 and 2008, "Businessweek" estimated that Wyss personally donated nearly US$277 million. His giving increased subsequent to the sale of Synthes in 2012. In 2013, he signed The Giving Pledge, agreeing to give away the majority of his fortune. The assets of his charitable foundations equal nearly $2 billion.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: He has made major donations to environmental and scientific causes, as well as progressive organizations, including the Center for Budget and Policy Priorities, Health Leads, and the Constitutional Accountability Center.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: In 2019, Wyss promised to donate 20 million swiss francs to the Bern Art Museum. He made it a condition that the Hodlerstrasse, on which the museum is located, be free of cars.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: As of 2015, Wyss and the Wyss Foundation had donated more than $350 million to environmental protection, including conservation of national forests and other public lands in the Western United States.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: In October 2018, Wyss published an article in "The New York Times" stating that he was contributing $1 billion to environmental causes.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: Wyss has said that he became passionate about the American West and land preservation after visiting the U.S. in 1958 as a student and taking a summer job as a surveyor with the Colorado Highway Department.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: In 1998, he created the Wyss Foundation. The objective of the foundation was to establish and sponsor informal partnerships between non-governmental organizations and the United States government, in order to place large swathes of land under permanent protection in the American West. The organization sponsors the Wyss Scholars Program for graduate-level education in conservation.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: The landscape protection strategies of the foundation have included assisting the purchase of mineral leases from oil and gas companies. Other causes the Wyss Foundation supports include river restorations, ocean conservation in Peru and Canada, anti-poaching efforts in Africa, and environmental journalism. In 2017, the organization announced a charitable commitment of $65 million to African Parks, a conservation nonprofit overseeing ten parks in seven African nations, to help create new protected areas in Africa.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: In 2010, Wyss gave The Nature Conservancy $35 million to purchase 310,000 acres in Montana as part of one of the largest private conservation purchases in the United States. In 2013, he donated $4.25 million to The Trust for Public Land for the purchase of oil and gas leases in Wyoming to prevent development in the Hoback Basin. In 2016, Wyss made another donation to the Trust for Public Land that resulted in the expansion of Saguaro National Park in Arizona by 300 acres, including a mile and a half of Rincon Creek.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: Wyss is involved with The Wilderness Society and Rails-to-Trails. He serves on the boards of the Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance, the Center for American Progress, and the Grand Canyon Trust. Wyss has donated more than $6 million to the Center for American Progress. In 2011, Wyss won the Robert Marshall Award from The Wilderness Society for his conservation work.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: In January 2015, the conservative U.S. news site, "The Daily Caller", accused John Podesta, who was at the time an advisor on environmental issues to the Obama administration, of an alleged ethics violation for pushing the advocacy agenda of a former employer, because previously, he had received $87,000 as a consulting fee for work he did in 2013 for the HJW Foundation (a Wyss organization that later was merged with the Wyss Foundation). According to the "High Country News", "nothing ever came of the accusations".


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: In 2018, Wyss donated $1 billion to the Wyss Campaign for Nature, aiming to conserve 30% of the world's land and oceans by 2030.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: In 2007, he received the Harvard Business School Alumni Achievement Award, and in the fall of 2008, it was announced that Wyss donated the largest single endowment from one source in the history of Harvard, when he gave $125 million to found a multidisciplinary institute, the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: In 2012–13, he announced the creation of the Campus Biotech and of its Wyss Center for Bio- and Neuro-engineering in Geneva, Switzerland. In 2014, Wyss donated $120 million to the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich and the University of Zurich for the Wyss Translational Center Zurich.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: In 2019, Wyss donated a further $131 million to Harvard Business School to support the Wyss Institute.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: In 2015, Wyss publicly declared that he was in favor of higher inheritance taxes for the wealthy in Switzerland.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: There has been a longstanding rivalry between billionaire Wyss, who supports liberal politics, and billionaire Christoph Blocher, who supports conservative politics. Both entered into public debates about the bilateral agreements between Switzerland and the European Union as well as the limitation of immigration into Switzerland. Wyss highlighted the advantages of openness toward the EU and immigrants while Blocher advocated for Switzerland's independence in those matters.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: In 2021, "The New York Times" reported that Wyss had "quietly created a sophisticated political operation to advance progressive policy initiatives and the Democrats who support them". In 2015, the Wyss Foundation initiated The Hub Project, which seeks "to shape media coverage to help Democratic causes". The goal of The Hub Project is to help Democrats be more effective at conveying their arguments through the news media and directly to voters. It seeks to "dramatically shift the public debate and policy positions of core decision makers". The Hub Project engaged in paid advertising campaigns in 2018 that criticized Republican congressional candidates.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: The Hub Project is part of Arabella Advisors, a leading vehicle for funneling "dark money" on the political center-left. The Hub Project is housed within the Arabella-sponsored groups the New Venture Fund and the Sixteen Thirty Fund. Between 2007 and 2020, the Wyss Foundation donated approximately $56.5 million to these groups. The New Venture Fund underwrites Acronym, which owns the Courier Newsroom, a group seeking to boost Democratic candidates through local news stories and advertising.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: The Wyss Foundation has donated to States Newsroom, a nonprofit media group. Media watchdog NewsGuard said State Newsroom's journalism had been "bought by people with a political agenda".


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: In 2021, along with Stewart W. Bainum Jr., Wyss made a bid to buy Tribune Publishing, which publishes newspapers including "The Chicago Tribune" and "The Baltimore Sun". "The New York Times" reported that "the big-money activism of Mr. Wyss and Mr. Bainum highlights concerns that wealthy owners may try to influence news coverage to advance their political agendas", and on April 14, 2021, they identified him as the top bidder. On April 17, 2021, Wyss backed out of the potential deal while Bainum Jr. continued to seek alternate investors in his bid to buy Tribune Publishing.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: In 2014, Wyss said he carried only a Swiss passport and did not have a U.S. green card. As of 2021, "The New York Times" wrote, he "has not disclosed publicly whether he holds citizenship or permanent residency" in the U.S.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: Wyss lives in Wyoming. His daughter, Amy, is a resident of Wyoming also. Wyss is a hiker, skier, and backpacker. He also is a hobby pilot. He is involved in outdoor education programs and he funds local efforts to conserve wildlife habitat and public lands in the Rocky Mountains.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: In 2000, Wyss purchased the Halter Ranch and Vineyard in western Paso Robles, California. The ranch includes an 1,800-acre wildlife reserve and a 281-acre vineyard producing 13 varietals of grapes using methods that are "Sustainability in Practice" certified. The ranch hosts tours and was named "Best Vineyard Experience" by "Sunset Magazine" in 2015.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: As of 2017, Wyss ranked 281 on the "Forbes" list of billionaires, with an estimated net worth of approximately $5.5 billion. He ranks number 235 on the "Bloomberg" list of billionaires.


title: Hansjörg Wyss

text: On May 6, 2022 Chelsea F.C. announced that the club agreed to terms with a new ownership group, of which Wyss is a member.


title: Shinhwa

text: Shinhwa () is a South Korean six-member boy band based in Seoul, composed of Eric Mun, Lee Min-woo, Kim Dong-wan, Shin Hye-sung, Jun Jin, and Andy Lee. Launched by SM Entertainment on March 24, 1998, the group signed with Good Entertainment in 2004 before creating their Shinhwa Company to manage their career as a band. The band struggled initially with their first album before finding commercial success with their sophomore album "T.O.P." (April 1999). When their contract with SM Entertainment expired in July 2003, all six members signed with Good Entertainment and assumed creative control with the release of "Brand New" (August 2004). That same year, members began to pursue individual careers.


title: Shinhwa

text: After a four-year hiatus due to majority of the members completing their mandatory military service, the sextet established the Shinhwa Company to facilitate their group career. The release of their tenth album "The Return" (2012) made them the first Korean boy band to continue performing after the members' mandatory military services. Shinhwa is also the first K-pop idol group to lead a successful career after leaving its original agency, despite being embroiled in legal battles with SM Entertainment over the name "Shinhwa" for several years. Over the course of their twenty-year career, Shinhwa have released thirteen Korean studio albums, one Japanese album, and various compilation albums.


title: Shinhwa

text: The group is the longest-running boy band in the history of K-pop and is often referred to as part of the "First Generation of K-pop", alongside H.O.T., S.E.S., g.o.d, Fin.K.L, among others. Their work and longevity have served as influences to future generations of K-pop idol groups, leading many to describe the band itself as "legendary".


title: Shinhwa

text: With the already established acts of H.O.T. and S.E.S., SM Entertainment sought to release another group to capitalize on the two formers' successes. Composed of members Mun Eric, Lee Min-woo, Kim Dong-wan, Jun Jin, Shin Hye-Sung, and Lee Andy, the group was named Shinhwa, the Korean word for myth or legend, and made their debut with "Resolver" on May 9, 1998. The album was supported by three singles: the titled track, "Eusha! Eusha!" (Hangul: "으쌰! 으쌰!"), and "Sharing Forever" (Hangul: "천일유혼"). "Resolver"'s chart performance was lackluster, however, and Shinhwa was accused of lacking originality and duplicating label mate H.O.T.'s sound. The group also became embroiled in controversies when the 1998 Sokcho submarine incident occurred, and "Eusha! Eusha!, which was about a fun trip at the beach, was used as a reminder of the event. Although Shinhwa won Best New Artist at the Mnet Asian Music Awards, "Resolver" underperformed commercially, and the sextet almost disbanded.


title: Shinhwa

text: Shinhwa's found mainstream success with their next few albums. Their sophomore album, "T.O.P. ("April 1999), was met with positive reviews for its title song and the group's edgier concept. A second single, "Yo", was promoted but did not fare as well. The album debuted at No. 4 and peaked at No. 3, selling 377,500 copies and charting for 24 weeks on the Korean monthly chart. The group received the Best Music Video from a New Male Pop Group award from the Mnet Asian Music Awards.


title: Shinhwa

text: "Only One" (May 2000) became their first to debut at the top of the chart. Buoyed by three singles, "Only One", "All Your Dreams", and "First Love", it sold over 423,000 copies, and Shinhwa won three awards that year: the SBS Gayo Popularity Award, the KMTV song Bonsang Award, and the Popular Singers Award. That January, Shinhwa held their first concert, First Mythology. Shinhwa's fourth album, "Hey, Come On!", was released on June 8, 2001, debuting at No. 3 and was promoted with two singles: "Hey, Come On!" and "Wild Eyes", the latter of which spawned various dance covers due to its choreography incorporating the use of chairs. The album was a commercial success, selling over 430,700 copies and ranked No. 11 on the 2001 year-end chart. Shinhwa was also associated with several controversies at the time, including scrutiny over the absence of member Andy and the alleged copying of Shinhwa's popular single, "Hey, Come On!" by Taiwanese boy band, Energy.


title: Shinhwa

text: Their first compilation album, "My Choice" (January 2002), featured some of the members' favorite songs and some of their most popular tracks. In contrast to "Hey, Come On!"'s strong sales, "My Choice" was met with moderate success, selling more than 171,300 copies while debuting and peaking at No. 4 before it dropped from the Korean monthly Chart. On the Year-End Chart, "My Choice" ranked No. 31, selling a total of 183,000 copies. A few months after the release of "My Choice", Shinhwa released their fifth studio album, "Perfect Man", on March 29, 2002. The album marked the return of member Andy. "Perfect Man" debuted atop the Korean monthly chart, becoming Shinhwa's second chart-topping album. Along with the title track, the group promoted with the album with the second single "I Pray 4 U". Final sales were over 355,000 copies and the album was ranked No. 14 on the year end Top 100 Albums in 2002 Chart, with over 362,00 copies sold.


title: Shinhwa

text: Shinhwa made history in the Korean music industry by becoming the longest-running Korean boy band with the release of its sixth album, "Wedding" (December 2002). The album debuted and peaked at No. 3 and sold over 273,700 copies. "Wedding" also marked the expiration of their contract with SM Entertainment, who offered all the members except Dongwan a second contract. The group collectively chose to sign with Good Entertainment, resulting in a court battle to retain the use of their name, which they won. Because the contract with Good Entertainment would not begin until 2004, members pursued solo activities in 2003: Min-woo went solo under the name "M," releasing his first album entitled "Un-touch-able", while Hye-sung collaborated with Kangta and Lee Ji-hoon for a project group S. Jun Jin branched out into acting with the drama "Forbidden Love" alongside actress Kim Tae-hee. Andy and Jun Jin participated in a Korean sitcom "Nonstop 4" as well as Banjun Drama. Eric began acting in dramas soon after acting in several CFs. Shinhwa is the first to have its members promote as solo artists while still continuing group activities. The members too strived in the solo activities.


title: Shinhwa

text: The members regrouped and released the compilation album "Winter Story 2003-2004" on December 30, 2003, which sold over 100,000 copies. They held their second concert The Everlasting Mythology from April 18 to 20, 2003, and also embarked on the Winter Story Tour, traveling to six cities: Seoul, Pusan, Daejeon, Incheon, Daegu, and Kwangju. They later traveled to Japan for the Shinhwa First Live in Tokyo, holding a Japanese fan meeting called Have Fun With Shinhwa On M.Net Tour"."


title: Shinhwa

text: Shinhwa's first album with Good Entertainment, "Brand New" (August 2004), debuted at No. 3 on the monthly Korean chart, peaking at No.1 in November and selling over 320,000 copies. The album saw increased creative control by the members, with Eric and Min-woo contributing to its production and Jun Jin with the choreography, leading to more dance songs being included in the final release instead of their usual pop music. The album was promoted with four singles: "Angel", "Oh!", "Crazy", and title track, and ranked No. 4 on the 2004 year-end chart. It won several accolades for the group, including Best Artist of The Year for the first time at the Seoul Gayo Daesang Awards. Several weeks later, on December 29, Shinhwa was awarded their second "daesang" at the 2004 SBS Gayo Daejun Awards, winning two of the possible four d"aesang" in that year with Rain and Lee Soo Young receiving the other two. In 2004, of all musical artists and groups, Shinhwa received the most awards, totaling thirteen or more, from various places: the m.net KMTV Music Video Festival, Seoul Gayo Daesang, Golden Disc Awards and MBC, KBS, SBS Gayo Awards. The awards other than Best Artist of the Year included Best Male Artist, Best Dance Artist, and Overseas Choice Award.


title: Shinhwa

text: After the success of "Brand New," Shinhwa embarked on a tour, holding a Korea-China-Japan summer camp called Shinhwa Summer Story 2004. The camp was dedicated entirely for their non-Korean fans. Although, Shinhwa was mostly on hiatus throughout 2005, they released two popular singles, "How Do I Say" and "Hey Dude!" and held the Tropical Summer Story Festival concert. For a majority of 2005, Shinhwa hosted a reality show called "Let's Coke Play Battle Shinhwa!", a competition to find the next Shinhwa, with the winning group debuting as the short-lived boy band Battle under Good Entertainment. To end the year, Shinhwa released "Winter Story 2004-2005," which sold over 102,300 copies.


title: Shinhwa

text: After renewing their contract with Good Entertainment for another 3 years, the group's "State of the Art" was released on May 11, 2006. The album debuted atop the chart and sold over 215,600 copies domestically. "Brand New" and "State Of The Art" became their first consecutive No. 1 albums, with the latter becoming the third best selling album in 2006, behind SG Wannabe's "The 3rd Masterpiece" and TVXQ's ""O"-Jung.Ban.Hap.". Following a performance at Tokyo's Budokan Hall to celebrate the founding of Mnet Japan, their Japanese language album "Inspiration #1" and the lead single, "This is the Sun in Our Hearts" released on June 14, 2006. The album released in Japan on August 16 peaked at No. 4 on Oricon Chart, selling in excess of 100,000 copies each. Shinhwa later embarked on their first Asia tour, Shinhwa 2006 Tour: State of the Art, kicking off with two concerts at the Olympic Gymnastics Arena, Seoul and visiting Japan, China, Singapore, Hong Kong, Thailand and other countries. They also performed at Budokan Hall in Tokyo, and Osaka-jo Hall on September 24 and 26, as part of the 2006 Japan Tour Inspiration#1.


title: Shinhwa

text: In 2007, members expanded their solo activities even further while Shinhwa was on hiatus, with each members starting their own company – M Rising (Min-woo), New Dream Entertainment (Andy), JF Story Entertainment (Jun Jin), H2 Entertainment (Dong-wan), and Top Class Entertainment (Eric) – to manage their solo careers. Dong-wan also released his first album entitled "Kim Dongwan is" on July 5, 2007. Min-woo released his third album on July 10, 2007 and though he had intended to release his third album in the U.S., he released it in Korea instead. Hye-sung released his second album on August 8, 2007.


title: Shinhwa

text: Although their ninth album was set to be released in October 2007, it was ultimately delayed and they released "Winter Story 2007" on December 6, 2007, which debuted at No. 3 and sold 24,500 copies. Shortly after the release of "Winter Story 2007", Shinhwa staged their Asia Concert with a two-day performance on the December 8 and 9 in Saitama, Japan followed by a concert in Shanghai. Celebrating their anniversary, Shinhwa staged a 10th anniversary concert and released their ninth studio album "Volume 9". Because the concert was the last concert before the members left for the army, all 22,000 seats available for the concert were sold out.


title: Shinhwa

text: After their 10th anniversary and the release of their 9th album, the members continued to work on their individual activities until their mandatory military service, with Eric enlisting in October 2008 and Dong-wan in November at Gongju, Chungcheongnam-do Both served non-active duty, e.g. they were public service workers, after undergoing four weeks of basic training. Jun Jin enlisted on October 22, 2009, at the Nonsan military camp in Chungcheongnam-do Province for four weeks of basic training and continued as a public service worker. On January 11, 2010, Andy enlisted for mandatory military service and was the only member to serve 21 months of active duty. Min-woo was the last of the members to enlist in February 2010. He also served non-active duty after undergoing four weeks of basic training. Hye-sung was exempt from military service due to serious and recurring injuries in his knee sustained during a concert in 2001.


title: Shinhwa

text: On October 30, 2010, Eric was discharged from military service. Dong-wan was discharged on December 17 after serving 24 months as an administrative worker at the Seodaemun-gu District Office. Andy was discharged from active duty on October 31, 2011, from the Ministry of National Defense in Yongsan-gu, Seoul. Jun Jin was discharged on November 14, 2011, after working at the Gangnam Management Corporation, managing the culture center's fitness club and parking lot. This was followed by Min-woo on March 2, 2012, after serving as a public service officer in Seoul Station.


title: Shinhwa

text: After their contract with Good Entertainment expired, Shinhwa created their own company to manage their activities as a group, with Eric and Min-woo as co-CEOs and the remaining members as shareholders. Members' individual activities continue to be manage by their respective agencies. A press conference to launch Shinhwa's comeback was held on March 5, 2012, at CGV cinema in Cheongdam-dong, which was streamed live by Mnet Media. The group released their tenth studio album "The Return" on March 23, 2012. To promote the album, Shinhwa embarked on the , which kicked off at Olympic Gymnastics Arena on March 24 and 25, 2012, and continued with shows in Japan, China, Taiwan and Singapore. They also hosted their first exclusive variety program, "Shinhwa Broadcast", which aired on cable channel JTBC. The producers held a public shoot and press conference to showcase the program.


title: Shinhwa

text: The following year, Shinhwa resumed their music activities as a group with the release of their 11th studio album and 15th anniversary concert in March, in addition to the 2013 Shinhwa 15th Anniversary Concert: The Legend Continues at the Olympic Gymnastics Arena in March. On the same day information on ticketing and a teaser video were released. The 25,000 tickets were sold out within five minutes of going on sale, by over 300,000 people who tried to buy the tickets. Their eleventh album "The Classic" was released on May 16, 2013, followed by an Asian concert tour, in support of the album.


title: Shinhwa

text: Their 16th anniversary concert, Here, was held on March 22–23, 2014 at the Olympic Park Gymnastics Stadium, which sold out its 27,000 seats and crashed the website server. Due to a gambling scandal, however, Andy was absent from the shows, making a surprise appearance during the last show to apologize to the audience.


title: Shinhwa

text: In 2015, Shinhwa announced it would be appearing on Seoul Broadcasting System (SBS)'s 800th Inkigayo episode, including the return of Andy from his extended hiatus. This was followed by the release of their album in over two years, "We" (February 2015). The LDN Noise-produced lead-single "Sniper" rose to the top of five real-time music charts, Bugs, genie, Olleh Music, Mnet, and Cyworld, and the music video for the single reached over a million YouTube views within two weeks of the song's release. Shinhwa also won the Show Champion for the song "Sniper" on March 11, 2015. Their thirteenth album, "Unchanging", was released on January 1, and peaked at No. 3 on the World Albums Chart. They held their 17th anniversary concert 'WE' on March 21 and 22 in Korea, and went on to hold concerts in various parts of China. They held their 17th anniversary FINALE concert 'WE SHINHWA' on August 22 and 23 in Korea. On May 29, Shinhwa won the trademark rights to their group name after 12 years. The members expressed their joy upon earning their name back after years of legal battle.


title: Shinhwa

text: In commemoration of their 20th anniversary, Shinhwa released a re-recorded darker version of their song "All Your Dreams" from the album "Only One", in addition to filming a new music video. They also kicked off a fan meeting party from March 24–25 to signal the start of their 20th anniversary project, "All Your 2018" and performed for KBS Music Bank's twentieth anniversary alongside other artists.


title: Shinhwa

text: On August 28, they released their album, "Heart", with the title track "Kiss Me Like That" and promoted on music shows for three consecutive weeks. Their 20th anniversary concert, Heart Tour in Seoul, which will take place October 6–7, sold out within 5 minutes and crashed the website's servers upon ticket release. On April 20 and 21, 2019, they held their 21st anniversary concert, Chapter 4. On August 17, 2022, Liveworks Company announced Shinhwa's first sub-unit, Shinhwa WDJ, which consisted of Minwoo, Dongwan and Junjin, to debut this winter.The release schedule for the album "Come to Life" was released on December 6.


title: Shinhwa

text: Shinhwa is the longest-running Korean boy band in existence, and is often listed as one of the legendary "first generation" K-pop idol groups including H.O.T., S.E.S., Sechs Kies, Fin.K.L, and g.o.d. Although the word "shinhwa" means myth or legend, the group themselves have been described as a "legendary" K-pop idol group for their longevity, and their constant change in image and rebranding have been credited for their continued success. Shinhwa was the first K-pop group to try a lot of new things: from being an idol-actor, to radio DJ, to branching out as solo artists while still being active as a group.


title: Shinhwa

text: When they debuted, the trend at the time was for male idol group members to remain "mysterious" and "dark", a concept the group utilized when promoting their early materials. They rebranded themselves when the "flower boy" concept, which describes "young males with pretty faces and 'unpretentious cuteness'", became popular; they have continue to adjust their images as they age, incorporating suits and polished haircuts into their looks later on. Shinhwa's intense dance moves have also become one of their staples, with their song "Wild Eyes" spawning various dance covers due to its choreography incorporating the use of chairs and the choreography for "Venus" being described as "high intensity". Shinhwa were also credited for pioneering vogue dancing in Korea. With the rise of competition from the "second generation" of idol groups in South Korea, Shinhwa began to make a foray into Asia in 2005, embarking on tours and fan meetings. They were voted as the Best Korean Singer Overseas twice in poll held by Arirang International Broadcasting. The poll allowed only foreigners to vote, with Shinhwa's songs "Once in a Lifetime" in 2006 and "Pretty" in 2007 topping the polls.


title: Shinhwa

text: Shinhwa's popularity have also led to the creation of the official fan club, Shinhwa Changjo. The color orange has been associated with Shinhwa Changjo ever since its establishment in 1998, and is used in both Shinhwa's official and unofficial merchandise, including light-sticks, balloons, raincoats, and various kinds of apparels and accessories. These orange-colored cheering tools are used in each member's individual promotion activities as well. Similar to the band, Shinhwa Changjo is the longest running Korean fan club, and upon the release of their 12th album in February 2015, Shinhwa opened the recruitment for the 10th wave of its official fanclub. Shinhwa does not have an official light-stick like other groups, instead they have a new light-stick for every concert Shinhwa holds.


title: Shinhwa

text: Their work have inspired newer generations of artists, including 2PM, Big Bang, Dreamcatcher, EXID, MAP6, and Seventeen, many who strive to one day last as long as the sextet. Kangta, a member of H.O.T., have also praised the group for choosing to switch labels when SM Entertainment offered contracts to all but one member instead of splitting up, a rare action among idol groups.


title: Shinhwa

text: In July 2002, Taiwanese boy band Energy covered Shinhwa's song, "Hey, Come On!" causing tensions between the fans of Shinhwa and Energy. As it was later noted, Jeff Vincent and Peter Rafelson who wrote "Hey, Come On!" had sold the song to Energy, therefore, it was legal. Even so, fans of Shinhwa were angry over that fact. The Taiwanese group 5566 also covered Shinhwa's "Dark", a song included in Shinhwa's 4th album.


title: Shinhwa

text: In 2003 SM Entertainment's 5-year contract with Shinhwa ended. Lee Soo Man, the head of SM Entertainment, offered contract renewals to all but Dongwan. Choosing to sign with a new agency instead, the choice sparked controversies when Lee denied their permission to use the name "Shinhwa" with the different company. At the height of the battle in September 2014, the band had to rename the agency Shinhwa Company as ShinCom Entertainment to avoid legal issues. In May 2015, after 12 years of legal battles, Shinhwa finally won the lawsuit over Joon Media and re-renamed their agency as Shinhwa Company. Open World Entertainment CEO, Seok-Woo Jang, holder of the rights to the name of Shinhwa, granted permission to use the name as long as they perform together as a group. Open World held the rights to Shinhwa's overseas concerts with Shinhwa Company, and overseas licensing of the group's albums. The heads of Top Class Entertainment and Liveworks Company are directors of Shinhwa Company, with the former in charge of promotion and management in general, and the latter providing support regarding albums, concerts and promotions.


title: Michele Dotrice

text: Michele Dotrice (born 27 September 1948) is an English actress. She portrayed Betty Spencer, the long-suffering wife of Frank Spencer, portrayed by Michael Crawford, in the BBC sitcom "Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em", which ran from 1973 to 1978, and returned in 2016 for a special.


title: Michele Dotrice

text: Her first significant role was in the 1962 13-part BBC TV adaptation of "The Old Curiosity Shop" in which she played Nell, and she appeared in "The Witches" for Hammer Films in 1966. In 1970 she had starring roles in the horror thrillers "And Soon the Darkness" (1970) and "The Blood on Satan's Claw" (1970). Her other film appearances include "Jane Eyre" (1970) with George C. Scott and the 1976 comedy "Not Now, Comrade".


title: Michele Dotrice

text: It was her appearance in "Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em" that made her a household name, and she played the role for five years from 1973. In February 2016, the BBC announced that she was to reprise the role in a one-off special to be broadcast as part of the Sport Relief charity fundraiser event.


title: Michele Dotrice

text: Her other 1970s roles include Felicity in the "Jason King" episode "Buried in the Cold Cold Ground", and Lady Percy in the BBC productions of "Henry IV, Part 1" and "Part 2" in 1979.


title: Michele Dotrice

text: In 1981 she took the leading role in the short-lived sitcom "Chintz", which aired on ITV. In 1987, Dotrice played the role of a new mother whose child was snatched in an episode of "The Equalizer" along with her future husband Edward Woodward. In the mid-1990s she appeared for several episodes in the period drama "Bramwell". She appeared in the film "Captain Jack" (1999) with Bob Hoskins. She has made numerous guest appearances in well-known British television series, including "Midsomer Murders" (1 episode, 1998), "Holby City" (1 episode, 2002), "Murder in Suburbia" (as Cindy in Episode 6, Season 2, 2005), and the BBC daytime soap opera "Doctors" (1 episode, 2008). In addition, she made several appearances in a 2004 BBC comedy-drama entitled "A Thing Called Love", set in Nottingham, which starred Paul Nicholls and Roy Barraclough among others.


title: Michele Dotrice

text: In 2012 she toured in "The Ladykillers", playing the role of Mrs Wilberforce. In 2014, she played Pam Chandler, a suspected murderer, in the last episode of series three of "Death in Paradise". In 2015, she played Marion, mother to Christine in the "Inside No. 9" episode "The 12 Days of Christine". In 2016, she played Nancy, the faithful dresser and woman of all work to the main character, in the West End production of "Nell Gwynn". In 2017 she played Jessie in the stage musical "The Girls" at the Phoenix Theatre in the West End.


title: Michele Dotrice

text: ITV launched their new drama in 2020 "McDonald & Dodds" in which she played Mary Costair in the second episode of Series 1.


title: Michele Dotrice

text: Her parents were the actors Roy Dotrice and Kay Dotrice. She has two sisters, Karen Dotrice and Yvette Dotrice, who likewise followed their parents into acting.


title: Michele Dotrice

text: Dotrice was married to actor Edward Woodward from January 1987 until his death in November 2009. They have a daughter named Emily Beth.


title: Antonio Pigafetta

text: Antonio Pigafetta (; – c. 1531) was an Venetian scholar and explorer. He joined the expedition to the Spice Islands led by explorer Ferdinand Magellan under the flag of the emperor Charles V and after Magellan's death in the Philippine Islands, the subsequent voyage around the world. During the expedition, he served as Magellan's assistant and kept an accurate journal, which later assisted him in translating the Cebuano language. It is the first recorded document concerning the language.


title: Antonio Pigafetta

text: Pigafetta was one of the 18 men who made the complete trip, returning to Spain in 1522, under the command of Juan Sebastián Elcano, out of the approximately 240 who set out three years earlier. These men completed the first circumnavigation of the world. Others mutinied and returned in the first year. Pigafetta's surviving journal is the source for much of what is known about Magellan and Elcano's voyage.


title: Antonio Pigafetta

text: At least one warship of the Italian Navy, a destroyer of the "Navigatori" class, was named after him in 1931.


title: Antonio Pigafetta

text: Pigafetta's exact year of birth is not known, with estimates ranging between 1480 and 1491. A birth year of 1491 would have made him around 30 years old during Magellan's expedition, which historians have considered more probable than an age close to 40. Pigafetta belonged to a rich family from the city of Vicenza in northeast Italy. In his youth he studied astronomy, geography and cartography. He then served on board the ships of the Knights of Rhodes at the beginning of the 16th century. Until 1519, he accompanied the papal nuncio, Monsignor Francesco Chieregati, to Spain.


title: Antonio Pigafetta

text: In Seville, Pigafetta heard of Magellan's planned expedition and decided to join, accepting the title of supernumerary ("that exceeds the number") and a modest salary of 1,000 maravedís. During the voyage, which started in August 1519, Pigafetta collected extensive data concerning the geography, climate, flora, fauna and the native inhabitants of the places that the expedition visited. His meticulous notes proved valuable to future explorers and cartographers, mainly due to his inclusion of nautical and linguistic data, and also to latter-day historians because of its vivid, detailed style. The only other sailor to maintain a journal during the voyage was Francisco Albo, "Victoria's" last pilot, who kept a formal logbook.


title: Antonio Pigafetta

text: Pigafetta was wounded on Mactan in the Philippines, where Magellan was killed in the Battle of Mactan in April 1521. Nevertheless, he recovered and was among the 18 who accompanied Juan Sebastián Elcano on board the "Victoria" on the return voyage to Spain.


title: Antonio Pigafetta

text: Upon reaching port in Sanlúcar de Barrameda in the modern Province of Cadiz in September 1522, three years after his departure, Pigafetta returned to the Republic of Venice. He related his experiences in the "Report on the First Voyage Around the World" (), which was composed in Italian and was distributed to European monarchs in handwritten form before it was eventually published by Italian historian Giovanni Battista Ramusio in 1550–59. The account centers on the events in the Mariana Islands and the Philippines, although it included several maps of other areas as well, including the first known use of the word "Pacific Ocean" ("Oceano Pacifico") on a map. The original document was not preserved.


title: Antonio Pigafetta

text: However, it was not through Pigafetta's writings that Europeans first learned of the circumnavigation of the globe. Rather, it was through an account written by a Flanders-based writer Maximilianus Transylvanus, which was published in 1523. Transylvanus had been instructed to interview some of the survivors of the voyage when Magellan's surviving ship, "Victoria", returned to Spain in September 1522 under the command of Juan Sebastian Elcano. After Magellan and Elcano's voyage, Pigafetta utilized the connections he had made prior to the voyage with the Knights of Rhodes to achieve membership in the order.


title: Antonio Pigafetta

text: Antonio Pigafetta also wrote a book, in which a detailed account of the voyage was given. It is quite unclear when it was first published and what language had been used in the first edition. The remaining sources of his voyage were extensively studied by Italian archivist , who wrote a critical study of Pigafetta's book in 1898 ("Il primo viaggio intorno al globo di Antonio Pigafetta e le sue regole sull'arte del navigare") and whose conclusions were later confirmed by J. Dénucé.


title: Antonio Pigafetta

text: Today, three printed books and four manuscripts survive. One of the three books is in French, while the remaining two are in the Italian language. Of the four manuscripts, three are in French (two stored in the Bibliothèque nationale de France and one in Cheltenham), and one in Italian.


title: Antonio Pigafetta

text: From a philological point of view, the French editions seem to derive from an Italian original version, while the remaining Italian editions seem to derive from a French original version. Because of this, it remains quite unclear whether the original version of Pigafetta's manuscript was in French or Italian, though it was probably in Italian.


title: Antonio Pigafetta

text: The most complete manuscript, and the one that is supposed to be more closely related to the original manuscript, is the one found by Carlo Amoretti inside the Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan and published in 1800 ("Primo viaggio intorno al globo terraqueo, ossia ragguaglio della navigazione alle Indie Orientali per la via d'Occidente fatta dal cavaliere Antonio Pigafetta patrizio vicentino, sulla squadra del capitano Magaglianes negli anni 1519-1522"). Unfortunately, Amoretti, in his printed edition, modified many words and sentences whose meaning was uncertain (the original manuscript contained many words in Veneto dialect and some Spanish words). The modified version published by Amoretti was then translated into other languages carrying into them Amoretti's edits. critically analyzed the original version stored in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana and published this rigorous version of Pigafetta's book in 1894.


title: Antonio Pigafetta

text: Regarding the French versions of Pigafetta's book, J. Dénucé extensively studied them and published a critical edition.


title: Antonio Pigafetta

text: At the end of his book, Pigafetta stated that he had given a copy to Charles V. Pigafetta's close friend, Francesco Chiericati, also stated that he had received a copy and it is thought that the regent of France may have received a copy of the latter. It has been argued that the copy Pigafetta had provided may have been merely a short version or a draft. It was in response to a request, in January 1523, of the Marquis of Mantua that Pigafetta wrote his detailed account of the voyage.


title: Antonio Pigafetta

text: In June 2019, in the context of the quincentenary of the circumnavigation, an exhibition entitled "Pigafetta: cronista de la primera vuelta al mundo Magallanes Elcano" opened in Madrid at the library of the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID). AECID was also involved in the publication of a book about the expedition "La vuelta al mundo de Magallanes-Elcano : la aventura imposible, 1519-1522" ().


title: Youth (2015 film)

text: Youth is a 2015 comedy-drama film written and directed by Paolo Sorrentino. It is the director's second English-language film, and stars Michael Caine and Harvey Keitel as best friends who reflect on their lives while holidaying in the Swiss Alps. It is a story of the eternal struggle between age and youth, the past and the future, life and death, commitment and betrayal. The cast also includes Rachel Weisz, Paul Dano, and Jane Fonda.


title: Youth (2015 film)

text: The film premiered at the "2015 Cannes Film Festival", where it competed for the Palme d'Or and had a positive critical response. At the 28th European Film Awards, "Youth" won Best Film, Best Director for Sorrentino, and Best Actor for Caine. It received one Academy Award nomination: Best Original Song, for David Lang's composition of "Simple Song #3". At the Golden Globe Awards, Lang was also nominated along with Jane Fonda for Best Supporting Actress.


title: Youth (2015 film)

text: Septuagenarian best friends Fred Ballinger and Mick Boyle are on vacation in the Swiss Alps, staying at a luxury spa/resort in Wiesen. Fred is a retired composer of classical music; at the hotel, he is approached by an emissary for Queen Elizabeth II, conferring a knighthood and asking him to perform his popular piece "Simple Song #3" at Prince Philip's birthday concert. Fred turns down the offer, claiming he is not interested in performing any more – although he still composes pieces in his head when alone. Mick is a film director, and is working with a group of writers to develop the screenplay for his latest film, which he calls his "testament". Also with them is actor Jimmy Tree, who is researching for an upcoming role and frustrated that he is only remembered for his role as a robot. The hotel is inhabited by other quirky individuals, including a young masseuse, an overweight Diego Maradona, and Miss Universe.


title: Youth (2015 film)

text: Fred and Mick reflect on their lives, admitting that their memories are fading and that they see little in their futures. Fred's daughter and assistant, Lena, is married to Mick's son, but the latter leaves her for pop star Paloma Faith. Lena stays at the resort and vents her anger at her father, who was always distant as she grew up. The emissary returns, and Lena cries as Fred explains that he won't perform "Simple Song #3" because the soprano part belongs only to his wife and she can no longer sing.


title: Youth (2015 film)

text: Mick completes his screenplay and is satisfied with it. The main role is written for aging diva Brenda Morel, who has starred in eleven of his previous films. Brenda surprises Mick by arriving at the resort, and telling him that she is taking a television role instead; cinema is the past, she says, and Mick hasn't made a good film in years. Disheartened, Mick commits suicide by jumping off a balcony in front of Fred. Fred decides to visit his wife for the first time in years. She is senile, and living at a care home in Venice. He then returns to the UK to conduct "Simple Song #3" in front of the Queen and Prince.


title: Youth (2015 film)

text: Interspersed throughout the film are surreal sequences, including a levitating monk, an imagined Paloma Faith music video, Jimmy dressed as Adolf Hitler, Fred conducting a field of cowbells, and Mick envisioning all his previous leading ladies on a mountaintop (including Brenda, in her new unglamorous TV role).