title: Screamo

text: Screamo lyrics often feature topics such as emotional pain, breakups, romantic interest, politics, and human rights. These lyrics are usually introspective, similar to that of softer emo bands. "The New York Times" noted that "part of the music's appeal is its un-self-conscious acceptance of differences, respect for otherness." Some screamo bands openly demonstrate acceptance of religious, nonreligious, and straight edge lifestyles


title: Screamo

text: Many screamo bands in the 1990s saw themselves as implicitly political, and as a reaction against the turn to the right embodied by California politicians, such as Roger Hedgecock. Some groups were also unusually theoretical in inspiration: Angel Hair cited surrealist writers Antonin Artaud and Georges Bataille, and Orchid lyrically name-checked French new wave icon Anna Karina, German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, French philosopher Michel Foucault, and critical theory originators the Frankfurt School.


title: Screamo

text: Some screamo bands borrow the extreme dissonance, speed, and chaos of powerviolence. As a result, the term emoviolence was half-jokingly coined by the band In/Humanity to describe the fusion of the two styles which applied to themselves, as well as other bands including Pg. 99, Orchid, Reversal of Man, Usurp Synapse, and RentAmerica.<ref name="I/HVRPM"></ref> Additionally, bands such as Orchid, Reversal of Man, and Circle Takes the Square tend to be much closer in style to grindcore than their forebears. In contemporary times, the genre is no longer as prevalent or widespread as it had been in the past, yet it still remains as a notable and prevalent force in underground screamo. A revival of the genre has occurred internationally with regional scenes in Southeast Asia and South America taking prominence.


title: Screamo

text: Bands including City of Caterpillar, Circle Takes the Square, Envy, Funeral Diner, Pianos Become the Teeth, Respire, and Le Pré Où Je Suis Mort have incorporated post-rock elements into their music. This fusion is characterized by abrupt changes in pace, atmospheric and harmonic instrumentation, and distorted vocals. Similarly, bands such as Heaven in Her Arms and the aforementioned group Envy, use elements of shoegazing.


title: Screamo

text: Blackened screamo or blackened skramz melds black metal with screamo. Examples of blackened screamo bands include Celeste, Anomie, Bosse-de-Nage, No Omega, and We Came Out Like Tigers.


title: Screamo

text: Sass (also known as sassy screamo, sasscore, white belt hardcore, white belt, sassgrind or dancey screamo) is a style that emerged from the late-1990s and early-2000s screamo scene. The genre incorporates elements of post-punk, new wave, disco, electronic, dance-punk, grindcore, noise rock, metalcore, mathcore and beatdown hardcore. The genre is characterized by often incorporating overtly flamboyant mannerisms, erotic lyrical content, synthesizers, dance beats and a lisping vocal style. Sass bands include the Blood Brothers, An Albatross, The Number Twelve Looks Like You, the Plot to Blow Up the Eiffel Tower, early Daughters, later-Orchid and SeeYouSpaceCowboy.


title: Screamo

text: "Pop screamo" and "MTV screamo" are terms used to describe screamo influenced bands who use metallic instrumentation and pop song structure to form a more commercially viable sound than traditional screamo. The style developed and gained mainstream success in the early-2000s. The scene was led by bands such as Thursday, Hawthorne Heights, Taking Back Sunday, The Used, Senses Fail, Silverstein, Chiodos, From First to Last, Saosin, Thrice and Finch and now-defunct less-known bands such as Before Their Eyes, Here I Come Falling, Agraceful, Yesterdays Rising, Chasing Victory, Beloved, Dead Poetic, Burden of a Day and Sever Your Ties. The genre had a revival in the 2010s, including such outfits as Before Their Eyes, The Ongoing Concept, Too Close to Touch, I Am Terrified. "Alternative Press" describes pop screamo as "metal-influenced riffs and aggressive, high-end screams filled song's verses, while soaring melodies carried choruses to new, previously unattained heights." as well as "Poppy emo music with screaming in it that captured mainstream attention in the mid-2000s". Furthermore, many of these groups are more commonly categorized as, and influenced by, post-hardcore or metalcore.


title: Legends Never Die (Juice Wrld album)

text: Legends Never Die is the third studio album by American rapper and singer Juice Wrld. It was posthumously released by Grade A Productions and Interscope Records on July 10, 2020. The album follows Juice Wrld's death from a drug-related seizure seven months prior, on December 8, 2019. It features guest appearances from the Weeknd, Trippie Redd, Marshmello, Polo G, the Kid Laroi, and Halsey.


title: Legends Never Die (Juice Wrld album)

text: "Legends Never Die" received generally positive reviews and debuted atop the US "Billboard" 200 with 497,000 album-equivalent units in its first week. It also reached number one in several other countries, including Australia, Canada, Ireland and the United Kingdom. The album was supported by six singles: "Righteous", "Tell Me U Luv Me", "Life's a Mess", "Come & Go", "Wishing Well", and "Smile".


title: Legends Never Die (Juice Wrld album)

text: In January 2020, a month following Juice Wrld's death, it was reported that at least two thousand songs were recorded before he died. 26 of these were leaked onto the streaming platform SoundCloud by the user "999 WRLD". Juice's label (Grade A) and family released a statement regarding his unreleased music:


title: Legends Never Die (Juice Wrld album)

text: On May 4, 2020, Juice's girlfriend Ally Lotti referenced an album under the title of "The Outsiders", which Juice Wrld had intended to make his next album. However, the label and Juice Wrld's grieving family chose to delay "The Outsiders" and first put a 15-track tribute album titled "Legends Never Die" that was announced on July 7, 2020. Two days after the album announcement, Juice's manager Lil Bibby hinted at a deluxe edition after fans demanded more songs. A new version of the album's final song "Man of the Year" was added in the track listing on July 14, 2020, just days after the album's release.


title: Legends Never Die (Juice Wrld album)

text: "Righteous" was released on April 24, 2020, as the album's lead single, the song peaked at number 11 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100. "Tell Me U Luv Me" featuring Trippie Redd, was released on May 29, 2020, as the album's second single, the song peaked at number 38 on the "Billboard" Hot 100.


title: Legends Never Die (Juice Wrld album)

text: "Life's a Mess" featuring Halsey, was released on July 6, 2020, as the album's third single, the song peaked at number nine on the "Billboard" Hot 100. A teaser video of the album was released later that day. "Come & Go" featuring EDM producer Marshmello, was released on July 9, as the album's fourth single, the song peaked at number two on the "Billboard" Hot 100.


title: Legends Never Die (Juice Wrld album)

text: The album's fifth single, "Wishing Well", was sent to rhythmic contemporary radio on July 28, 2020, the song peaked at number five on the "Billboard" Hot 100. "Smile" featuring the Weeknd, was released on August 7, 2020, as the album's sixth single, the song peaked at number eight on the "Billboard" Hot 100.


title: Legends Never Die (Juice Wrld album)

text: "Legends Never Die" was met with generally positive reviews. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from professional publications, the album received an average score of 75, based on 10 reviews. Aggregator AnyDecentMusic? gave it 7.2 out of 10, based on their assessment of the critical consensus.


title: Legends Never Die (Juice Wrld album)

text: Writing for "Clash", Mike Milenko acclaimed the album, calling it "poetic, prophetic and poignant". Milenko further stated that the album's production works well with Wrld's voice and noted "Life's a Mess", "Come & Go", "Man of the Year" and "Wishing Well" as standouts from the record. However, Milenko opined that "some tracks are throwaway". Sheldon Pearce of "The Guardian" wrote that "Legends Never Die" is "overstuffed, sometimes underwritten and often puerile", but praise was directed towards Wrlds' performances on the album. Pearce also commended the way Wrld's "leading his listeners through their own angst", referring to the tracks "Bad Energy" and "Fighting Demons", on which Pearce opined that he "sounds like a patron saint of the melancholy masses". "The Line of Best Fit"s reviewer Steven Loftin, who praised the album, wrote that it's "both a celebration and a standing document to the intricate mind he [Wrld] truly was, and it indeed does justice to a unique mind". A. D. Amorosi of "Variety" said, "Sonically, compared with Juice WRLD's early SoundCloud material, "Legends Never Die", is positively lush – not over-produced, but comparatively elaborately arranged". Fred Thomas of AllMusic gave a positive review, stating, ""Legends Never Die" is as strong a collection of Juice WRLD songs as any, with already-searing songs made more intense by the shadow of their departed creator looming over the album". Brody Kenny of "HipHopDX" said, ""Legends Never Die" functions as a goodbye to and from Juice WRLD. His exact wishes for a post-death album might never be known, but this avoids feeling exploitative". Robert Christgau appraised Juice Wrld as an "anxiety-ridden melodicist" and went on to say:


title: Legends Never Die (Juice Wrld album)

text: Other reviewers were less impressed. Dhruva Balram of "NME" called the album bloated and noted that it does "little to serve his [Wrld's] legacy justice". However, Barlam praised the first half of the album, while opining that the "intimacy" of Wrld's other projects is missing on "Legends Never Die". Balram described the criticism as the following: "Despite the contagious nature of most of the tracks, that message is muted or left jumbled within a meandering album. Juice Wrld's music came to life most when he made it seem like you were the only two people in the room like he was speaking directly to you, the listener. That intimacy is sadly missing here." Brandon Caldwell of "Pitchfork" called the record repetitive at times, but stated that "the gripping parts of "Legends Never Die" come when Juice is speaking from the heart". Writing for "Rolling Stone", Danny Schwartz wrote that "the album shines brightest when Juice stops navel-gazing, when he tempers his fatalism with a sense of hope and togetherness, the yang to his depressive yin". Schwartz noted the tracks "Righteous" and "Wishing Well" as standouts.


title: Legends Never Die (Juice Wrld album)

text: "Legends Never Die" debuted at number one on the US "Billboard" 200 with 497,000 album-equivalent units (including 209,000 pure album sales) in its first week, becoming the rapper's second number-one album. The album also accumulated a total of 422.63 million on-demand streams of the set's tracks in the week ending July 25. For the week ending July 25, 2020, a total of 17 of the album's songs charted on the US "Billboard" Hot 100, with five entries in the top 10: "Come & Go", "Wishing Well", "Conversations", "Life's a Mess", and "Hate the Other Side", which reached numbers two, five, seven, nine, and 10, respectively. This made Juice Wrld the third artist to ever achieve this, behind the Beatles and Drake; the album also became the most successful posthumous release in 20 years. "Life's a Mess" notably jumped from number 74 to number nine that week. "Legends Never Die" was the fifth best selling album of 2020 with 1.990 million album-equivalent units, including 301,000 pure copies in the United States.


title: Legends Never Die (Juice Wrld album)

text: In the United Kingdom, "Legends Never Die" debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart with 22,000 album-equivalent units.


title: Nichkhun

text: Nichkhun Buck Horvejkul (; ; born June 24, 1988), better known mononymously as Nichkhun (), is a Thai American singer, songwriter, rapper, actor and model who is currently based in South Korea as a member of the South Korean boy band 2PM.


title: Nichkhun

text: Nichkhun was born in Rancho Cucamonga, California, U.S. to Thai Chinese parents and was raised in Thailand. His mother's family is from Hainan, and he has said that he has extended family and distant ancestors from Guangzhou.


title: Nichkhun

text: Nickhun's mother, Yenjit Horvejkul (née Mekworewut), is the chief executive officer of a Thai pharmaceutical company, Union Medical, established in 1976, which acts as an importer and distributor. He comes from a wealthy background, which earned him the nickname "Thai Prince" in South Korea. Nichkhun has one older brother, Nichan Bert (born September 11, 1986), and two younger sisters, Nichthima Yanin (born July 22, 1990) and Nachjaree (Chereen) (born October 20, 1994). At the age of five, he moved to Thailand from the United States with his family and studied at Dhepkanjana School and Tangpiroondham School. At the age of twelve, he studied at Wanganui Collegiate School in New Zealand for a year and a half and moved back to the United States to finish his schooling at Los Osos High School in Rancho Cucamonga, California. He was scouted by a scout manager of JYP Entertainment at the Los Angeles Korean Music Festival.


title: Nichkhun

text: After passing an audition hosted by JYP Entertainment, he signed a ten-year contract with the company but later re-signed an eight-year contract, not including training, and was brought to South Korea in 2006 as a trainee, being put into a class of 24 other students. Park Jin-young informed him that he was required to learn how to sing and to dance, learn Korean and Mandarin Chinese, and to bulk up. He is now fluent in Thai, English, Korean, Japanese and basic Chinese. He first appeared through "MNET's Hot Blood", a program that showed the intense physical training that 13 male trainees had to go through for the opportunity to debut in either a four-member ballad group (2AM) or a seven-member dance group (2PM) under JYP Entertainment.


title: Nichkhun

text: As a male citizen of Thailand, he was subject to the military draft lottery in 2009 and subsequently received an exemption from military service.


title: Nichkhun

text: On September 4, 2008, Nichkhun debuted as part of 2PM in their first single "10 Points out of 10 Points" () from their single album "Hottest Time of the Day". They have released five studio albums in Korea and four studio albums in Japan.


title: Nichkhun

text: Nichkhun was one of the hosts for the Korean Music Wave in Bangkok in 2010, 2011, and 2013. In 2010, along with Taecyeon and Yoon Eun-hye, Nichkhun played one of the main characters in a 12-minute music video drama for Cass Beer, which was released on February 8. He also hosted JYP's talent competition "Superstar Survival". In June 2010, he was cast in the second season of variety show "We Got Married", pairing up with Victoria of f(x). The couple, known as Khuntoria, was featured on the show leaving in September 2011.


title: Nichkhun

text: In 2011, Nichkhun appeared in the music video of the single "Touch (觸動)" by Taiwanese Mandopop artist Will Pan, which premiered on January 31. He also starred in the Japanese live-adaptation film of "Ouran High School Host Club" as Lawrence, the president of a Singaporean corporation.


title: Nichkhun

text: In 2012, Nichkhun starred in a Thai movie for the first time in "Seven Something" and took on the role of a young marathon runner. The romantic anthology film was produced by Thailand's film studio and distributor GTH and released on July 26, 2012.


title: Nichkhun

text: In 2013, he filmed for the Chinese TV series "One and a Half Summer", where he plays the lead character. The series aired between June and July 2014. Nichkhun has been appointed “Friend of UNICEF” on April 9, 2013. Since then, he has participated in several field visits to promote children's rights and increase awareness of children's issues. Nichkhun has played an important role in helping UNICEF to mobilize funds to help children in Thailand and across the world, especially during emergency situations. As a result, in March 2015, Nichkhun has been awarded a recognition plaque from UNICEF Thailand for his dedication and hard work.


title: Nichkhun

text: In 2014, Japanese network NTV's Kindaichi Shounen no Jikenbo mystery drama special was broadcast on January 4. Nichkhun took on the role of a young student who was involved in a serial murder case set in the jungles of Malaysia. Nichkhun started filming for his Chinese drama "Looking for Aurora" in June. The drama held its production press conference in Shenzhen on August 28. In August, Nichkhun also debuted as a designer and released bag collection in collaboration with Korean fashion brand ‘rosa.K.’ The ‘ROSA.K x Nichkhun Collaboration’ consisted of three different lines: Dustin, Lawnick, and Dave, and the showcase was held on August 26, 2014. Nichkhun teamed up with CNBLUE's Jung Yong-hwa, B1A4's Baro, Infinite's L, and Winner's Mino for project group Lucky Boys (Super 5) for the 2014 SBS Gayo Daejun. Nichkhun and Baro also hosted the show.


title: Nichkhun

text: In 2015, Nichkhun made a cameo appearance in a Chinese movie "Forever Young", starring Li Yi Feng and Zhang Hui We, and a Thai movie "Touch the Sky - Chalui". Nichkhun also became a mentor on a Chinese music reality show "Youth Trainee" on Zhejiang Television.


title: Nichkhun

text: In 2016, Nichkhun and actor Lee Jung-jin released a travel essay and photobook called '여행, 바람을 품은 지도' (Journey, Map that embraces the Wind) on May 3. The photos in the book were taken during their trip to Hawaii, USA.


title: Nichkhun

text: In 2017, Nichkhun joined the main cast of a Korean series for the first time on JTBC's "Magic School". In September, Nichkhun announced his first ever solo Asia fan meeting tour since making his debut in 2008. His fan meetings 'Nichkhun (of 2PM) 1st Asia Fan Meeting Tour <Khunvitation>' were held in Tokyo and Osaka, Japan between November 29–30 and December 13–14, respectively. His fan meeting <Khunvitation> in Seoul, South Korea, was held on December 3.


title: Nichkhun

text: In 2018, Nichkhun continued his fan meeting tour in Thailand and China. Nichkhun has focused on his solo activities while some 2PM's members are serving in the military. His Thai movie "Brother of the Year" ranked No. 1 in Thai box offices and became the second highest-grossing Thai movie in 2018. Nichkhun released his first solo mini album in Japan on December 19, 2018. Titled "Me", the album contains 8 tracks, including songs like "Lucky Charm", "Endearing", and "Mars". Nichkhun participated in composing and writing the lyrics for every song on the album. Prior to the release of his album, Nichkhun held his first solo concert "NICHKHUN (From 2PM) Premium Solo Concert 2018 HOME" in Osaka on November 23 and 24, and in Tokyo from December 20 to 22. Nichkhun's Chinese web drama "Shall We Fall in Love" (勇往直前恋上你) premiered on Tencent on December 27, 2018.


title: Nichkhun

text: Nichkhun travelled to work in several countries in 2018, especially to shoot for travel and food programs, including JTBC and Thailand's ONE31 "The Team Chef" and JTBC "Let's Eat Dinner Together" in South Korea, tvN "Galileo: Awakened Universe" in the United States, tvN Asia "One Night Food Trip – International Edition 2" in the Philippines, tvN Asia "Wok The World" in Singapore, and The Tourism Authority of Thailand "Experience Thailand and More" in Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia.


title: Nichkhun

text: In 2019, Nichkhun released his solo album "Me" in South Korea on February 18. The album was available for streaming in South Korea, China, and Thailand. A special song called "Umbrella" dedicated for his fans was released in five different languages of Japanese, Korean, Chinese, Thai, and English. Nichkhun held his solo concerts 'Home' in Seoul on May 11 and 12. He also held his encore concerts called 'Nichkhun Solo Concert 'Home' Encore in Japan ~Sweet 624~' on June 27 and 28 in Tokyo. On July 27, Nichkhun held his solo concert called Nichkhun Solo Concert 'Home' in Bangkok with Dr.Jill in Thailand. Nichkhun started filming for Viu Original Thai series called "My Bubble Tea" in July 2019 and a Thai horror movie, CJ Major Entertainment's "Cracked" in August 2019. On October 28, Nichkhun announced the release of his second mini album in Japan titled 'Story of...' and solo concerts called "NICHKHUN (From 2PM) Premium Solo Concert 2019-2020 'Story of...'" On December 19, his album 'Story of...' was released in digital format simultaneously in Japan and Korea. The physical format of the album was released on December 25. Nichkhun held his solo concerts 'Story of...' in Osaka on December 26 and 27.


title: Nichkhun

text: In 2020, Nichkhun continued his tour "NICHKHUN (From 2PM) Premium Solo Concert 2019-2020 'Story of...'" in Tokyo on January 6 and 7.


title: Nichkhun

text: On May 22, 2020, his Thai drama "My Bubble Tea" alongside Thai stars Mean Phiravich and Manasaporn Chanchalerm aired on Viu. The Viu Original drama revolves around Manasaporn's character who concocts a ~special tea~ so that she can make her boss (played by Nichkhun) fall in love with her.


title: Nichkhun

text: On September 21, 2020, Nichkhun and Day6's Jae Park took on role as a member of crime-fighting boyband "4 2 Sing" in season three of "Big Hero 6: The Series". Nichkhun played twins Dae and Hyun-ki, one half of the boy band "4 2 Sing", while Jae Park played another set of twins, Kwang-sun and Ye Joon, also "4 2 Sing" members.


title: Nichkhun

text: In 2021, Nichkhun and Hwang Chan-sung made special cameo appearances in Vincenzo (TV series) to support their bandmate Ok Taec-yeon.


title: Nichkhun

text: Nichkhun will be starring in an upcoming Hollywood film, "Hongkong Love Story", a romantic comedy directed by Keoni Waxman. Nichkhun has been cast alongside Byron Mann, Dominika Kachlik, and Kenneth Tsang. This film is based on real events, "Hong Kong Love Story" follows Nichkhun and Byron Mann as the sons of wealthy families who go to Hong Kong and experience various incidents that teach them the meaning of love and friendship.


title: Nichkhun

text: On July 24, 2012, Nichkhun was involved in a vehicular collision with a motorcyclist in Gangnam. It's been reported that the singer had been driving under the influence of alcohol when he crashed into a motorcycle. His BAC measured at 0.056%, thus his license was suspended. Nichkhun personally apologized for his recent drunk driving incident, resulting in him taking a hiatus from the entertainment industry.


title: 2022 Seattle Seahawks season

text: The 2022 season is the Seattle Seahawks' 47th in the National Football League (NFL) and their 13th under the head coach/general manager tandem of Pete Carroll and John Schneider. They will attempt to improve on their 7–10 record from last year and return to the playoffs after a one-year absence. With a Week 13 win over the Los Angeles Rams, they have already matched their 7-win total from last year.


title: 2022 Seattle Seahawks season

text: For the first time since 2011, quarterback Russell Wilson and linebacker Bobby Wagner are not on the roster, as Wilson was traded to the Denver Broncos and Wagner was released and later signed with the Los Angeles Rams. Both were the last remaining players from their Super Bowl-winning season on the roster. Subsequently, Bruce Irvin, who played in two Super Bowls with the Seahawks, signed with the team for a third stint. With a road win over the Los Angeles Rams, the Seahawks defeated the Rams in Los Angeles for the first time since 2017.


title: 2022 Seattle Seahawks season

text: On May 4, the NFL announced that the Seahawks will play the Tampa Bay Buccaneers during Week 10 on November 13 at Allianz Arena in Munich, Germany, as part of the league's International Series. It will be the first-ever regular season game played in Germany. The game will kickoff at 3:30 p.m. CET/6:30 a.m. PST, and will be televised by the NFL Network, with the Buccaneers serving as the home team.


title: The Saturdays

text: The Saturdays were a British-Irish girl group based in London, England. The group formed during the summer of 2007 and have been on hiatus since 2014. The lineup consists of Frankie Bridge, Una Healy, Rochelle Humes, Mollie King, and Vanessa White. They were formed through Fascination Records, a sub-division of Polydor Records, who gave them an instant record deal with the label. As soon as the contract was finalised, the Saturdays went on tour with Girls Aloud during their Tangled Up Tour. The group's music style is pop, but throughout their career, their management has experimented with dance-pop and electropop. Songwriters and producers Ina Wroldsen, Steve Mac, Camille Purcell, and Quiz & Larossi have helped create their music. In July 2008, The Saturdays released their debut single and first Top Ten hit, "If This Is Love". Their debut album, "Chasing Lights", released the same year, charted at number nine on the UK Albums Chart; it was certified platinum by the BPI and produced three more top ten singles: "Up", "Issues", and "Just Can't Get Enough". "Work" was also released from the album. The group's first concert tour, "The Work Tour", took place in 2009. The group's second album, "Wordshaker", produced the Top Ten hits "Forever Is Over" and "Ego". In 2010, the Saturdays released a mini album, "Headlines!", which contained the top 10 hits "Missing You" and "Higher", the latter of which featured guest vocals from Flo Rida. The mini-album was supported by the group's second concert tour, "The Headlines Tour". Their third album, "On Your Radar", was released in 2011 and resulted in two top 10 singles: "Notorious" and "All Fired Up".


title: The Saturdays

text: In 2011, the group tackled their first arena tour, "All Fired Up! Live", in support of their third album, "On Your Radar". Their fourth album, "Living for the Weekend", was released in 2013. The album's first single, "30 Days", charted at number seven on the UK Singles Chart. The follow-up single, "What About Us", became the Saturdays' first UK number one single, selling 114,000 copies in the first week of release. Although "Gentleman" followed as the next single, it was "Disco Love" that entered the UK charts at number five, becoming their thirteenth Top Ten hit. The album, debuting at number ten on 20 October 2013, becoming their fourth top 10 album. The Saturdays released their first greatest hits album, "", on 11 August 2014. It was preceded by a single, "What Are You Waiting For?", which was available to download on 9 August 2014. The Saturdays embarked on their Greatest Hits Live! tour in September 2014. The Saturdays have sold over five million records in the UK and Ireland.


title: The Saturdays

text: The Saturdays were formed in June 2007, after auditions were held to find members for the group. The group was put together through the record label Polydor Records which meant they would have an instant record deal and were signed to Fascination Records, a sub-label of Polydor. The group began recording their debut album while touring with Girls Aloud on their "Tangled Up Tour". They were also offered songs which were rejected by Girls Aloud. They said "We all thought it was a bit of a cheek. Why would we want their rejects? [...] It's bad enough with all the comparisons being made." Whilst on tour with Girls Aloud, the group released their first single "If This Is Love". The song features additional backing vocals from Danish singer Nabiha. The song charted at number eight on the UK Singles Chart after it sold 14,990 copies in its first week of release. The single was also the second highest new entry of the week behind Katy Perry's "I Kissed a Girl" which debuted at number four. As well as supporting Girls Aloud, the Saturdays also supported the Jonas Brothers at their Hammersmith Apollo show.


title: The Saturdays

text: Their debut album, "Chasing Lights" was released in October 2008 and peaked at number 9 on the UK Albums Chart. Later the album was certified Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry. The last track of Chasing Lights, "Why Me, Why Now" was originally a demo by Alex Cartana, but later picked up by the girls. The Saturdays were often compared to other British female acts such as the Sugababes and Girls Aloud, however they have been praised for their debut album. "Up" was confirmed to be the second single from the album and first studio version of "Up" premiered on Popjustice on 17 July 2008 in the form of a short clip, after the group previously performed the song, when it was being recorded, live at various gigs in the United Kingdom. The song then officially premiered in full on 31 August 2008 on BBC Radio 1. On 19 October 2008 "Up" debuted at number five on the UK Singles Chart with first week sales of 26,593. In turn outpeaking and outselling previous single "If This Is Love" which debuted at number eight with first week sales of 14,990. Third single released "Issues" which became a commercial success after charting at number-four. Both "Up" and "Issues" found themselves gaining a certification of Silver by the British phonographic industry. In March 2009 the Saturdays released a cover of Depeche Mode's "Just Can't Get Enough" for Comic Relief, the single was a success and charted at number-two on the UK Singles Chart and was also certificated Silver by the BPI. "Work" was released as the fifth and final single from the album and was their first single to miss the top-ten on the Singles Chart.


title: The Saturdays

text: Their first headlining tour, The Work Tour, had 27 dates. McFly's Dougie Poynter, Sandford's boyfriend played bass guitar during "Just Can't Get Enough". White tripped on some wires back stage and had a foot injury, she remained seated on stage for some shows. In 2008 and 2009 the Saturdays appeared in adverts for several products including a brand of deodorant, tampons, mobile phones, an operating system, and hair removal products. The band was named as models for hair removal product, Veet. The band later became new faces of major campaign of Impulse women's deodorant. The Saturdays said that fashion is a huge part of the group, saying people look up to them as their icons.


title: The Saturdays

text: Whilst performing on their first headlining tour, "The Work Tour", the group started to go back into the studio to record their second studio album in early March 2009, which would be due for release in late 2009. The group performed two songs from the recording sessions at "The Work Tour" : "One Shot" and "Wordshaker" which later would appear on the album. The official cover was revealed in a special mailer to fans on the group's official form/website on 23 September 2009. The band began working with a number of writers and producers, including Louis Biancaniello, Chris Braide, Jörgen Elofsson, Quiz & Larossi, Steve Mac, Per Magnusson and Norwegian songwriter Ina Wroldsen who has previously written for the group, as well as working with the Pussycat Dolls, Pixie Lott and Leona Lewis. "Forever Is Over" was released as the lead single from the group's second studio album and was originally written for former "American Idol" winner Kelly Clarkson by former Busted star James Bourne and production group the Runaways. The single was also wanted by American pop rock artist, Pink. "Forever Is Over" charted at number-two on the UK Singles Chart. "Wordshaker" was released in October 2009. The album had almost identical peaks to their first studio album with the album peaking at number nine on the UK Albums Chart and thirty-six on the Irish Albums Chart. The album also gained a certification of Silver by the BPI. "Ego" was released as the second and final single from the album, which was written by Steve Mac and Ina Wroldsen. Mac also acknowledged the influence of producer RedOne's work with Lady Gaga. "Ego" charted at number nine and number ten on the UK and Irish Singles Charts and later gained a Gold certification by the BPI.


title: The Saturdays

text: The Saturdays originally intended not to release any material in 2010, but Rochelle Humes explained in an interview with Digital Spy that "[they]'d come across some songs that [they] were really excited about. [...] [so they] wanted to just get everything out [then]." "We finished ["Wordshaker"] and we'd come across some songs that we were really excited about. The songs that we had found were so current, and we'd written a couple of songs ourselves, [so] we wanted to just get everything out now." The band confirmed that the album would not be a studio album and would in fact be an Extended play. The group confirmed to be working with Steve Mac and Ina Wroldsen on the album as well as some new producers. "Missing You" was confirmed to be the first single released from the EP. "Missing You" is an electropop song incorporating elements of trance and synthpop. It was written by Lukas Hilbert and Alexander Kronlund. The music video was shot at the end of May 2010, in Málaga, Spain and later premiered on 26 June on the group's official website. "Missing You" entered the UK Singles Chart at number three. After "Headlines!" was released it charted at number three on the UK Albums Chart and number ten on the Irish Singles Chart, marking the group's third UK top-ten album and their first in Ireland. "Higher" was confirmed to be the second single from the EP. After the group's previous single "Missing You" was beaten to number one for a second time by Flo Rida, Wiseman joked that the group would have to record a song with the rapper before they could top the UK Singles Chart. Then several days later it was confirmed that a collaboration had gone ahead with Flo Rida recording vocals for one of the group's songs. The single charted at number-ten on the UK Singles Chart and number-eleven on the Irish Singles Chart.


title: The Saturdays

text: The group announced that they were working on their third full-length studio album in late 2010. While recording the album they worked with a variety of collaborators for the album, including producers Lucas Secon, Labrinth Danish pop band, Alphabeat, Taio Cruz, Space Cowboy, Carl Falk, Rami Yacoub, and Steve Mac. Wiseman confirmed that the record was "different" and "fierce". The Saturdays promised that their third studio album would be different and they would be taking risks in their music. They announced that their new sound is "dance floor" music. The group confessed that the album would be a lot "sexier" and a lot more R&B than their previous albums. The band confirmed that they have written the majority of the album themselves which makes the album a lot more personal to them. They said that the new album is; "it's a very cool". The band said their new music was "current", "fun", "naughty", "girly" and "dancy". Emeli Sandé said that she wrote a track for the group which was very dark and a strong ballad. She said that the lyrics are dark and very honest. The first single released from the album was "Notorious". The single was released digitally on 22 May 2011 in the UK. The single peaked at number 8 on the UK Singles Chart and 19 on the Irish Singles Chart. After the release of "Notorious" the band released a clothing line with high street store, Miss Selfridge. The group-designed T-shirts will feature lyrics from the group's songs "Notorious" and "Higher". "All Fired Up" was released on 4 September 2011, which charted at number-three on the UK Singles Charts and six on the Irish Singles Charts. It was confirmed that the album would be titled "On Your Radar", and the third single released would be "My Heart Takes Over".


title: The Saturdays

text: After the conclusion of "The Headlines Tour", the Saturdays confirmed that they would go on tour again in December 2011, although this time it would be an arena tour, instead of a theatre tour like their two previous headlining tours. They also revealed that they are going to "fly" during the tour as it is a dream for the band. It was confirmed that the tickets would be released on Monday 13 June 2011 and tour would be titled "All Fired Up! Live". There has been 11 dates confirmed [so far]. They said "It's an arena tour so we're forced to go all out for a big production." Mollie King said that fans should expect a lot of bright colours and brightly coloured blocks for the production. The Saturdays later revealed in late June Irish tour dates. The girls confirmed during an interview with Capital FM that their new single, "30 Days" would be "very pop", "amazing" and "crazy". The single was premiered on 30 March 2012 on BBC Radio 1's breakfast show with Chris Moyles. The video premiered on 5 April 2012. It was further confirmed that the group were working on their fifth album.


title: The Saturdays

text: The group began work on their fifth overall release, with first single "30 Days" released in May 2012 and would serve as the lead single from their upcoming fourth studio album. Rochelle Humes explained the concept of the single, "It's a really amazing, catchy song but the sentiment behind it is being all excited and counting down the days to seeing someone when you've really been missing that person." The single charted at number seven on the UK Singles Chart, which gained the band their eleventh top ten single. It was announced that the Saturdays had signed to Island Def Jam and Mercury Records to release future music in the United States. "What About Us" was released as the group's first worldwide single. In order for the group to introduce themselves to the American public, the group released extended play, "Chasing the Saturdays", which was released only in America and Canada. The Saturdays also star in a reality series called "Chasing the Saturdays" which premiered on E! on 20 January 2013. The show features the group trying to make it in America. Upon its premiere in the United Kingdom, "Chasing the Saturdays" became that week's No. 1 most watched show with 72,000 viewers, having 10,000 more viewers than "Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami".


title: The Saturdays

text: After its UK release, it was reported that "What About Us" was on course to knock Justin Timberlake's "Mirrors" off the number-one spot on the UK Singles Chart on 24 March. During the midweek charts, the group were 30,000 copies ahead of Timberlake's track. The Saturdays revealed that they were due to call their upcoming fourth studio album "The Chase", but decided against the title. They also revealed that they would release another single from the album before the release of it. Aston Merrygold tipped the band to be the "biggest UK girl-group". "What About Us" charted at number-one on the UK Singles Chart, gaining the Saturdays their first number-one single, selling 114,000 copies in the first week of release and also becoming the fastest selling single of 2013. The Saturdays sold 40,000 copies more than their nearest competitor to keep them off the number-one spot, which was Timberlake.


title: The Saturdays

text: In March 2013, it was reported that the second track to be taken from "Living for the Weekend" would be titled "Gentleman", with the "Daily Mirror" reporting that body doubles had been hired to appear alongside the five girls in the accompanying video. On 2 May 2013, Sandford announced through her Twitter account that she and her fiancé, Wayne Bridge, were expecting their first child together. On 4 May, it was confirmed that the album's third single would be the previously rumoured track, "Gentleman". A fifteen-second preview of the single was posted with the announcement, and the full track received its radio premiere on 9 May 2013. On 25 July, the Saturdays confirmed that the next single would be "Disco Love". The single was released on 6 October. The single charted at number five on the UK Singles Chart. On 4 September, the album's track list was revealed via Twitter along with the album's title, "Living for the Weekend". The album was released on 14 October 2013, and charted at number 10 on the UK album charts, making it their fourth top ten album to date. The album's fifth single was "Not Giving Up".


title: The Saturdays

text: The Saturdays embarked on a Greatest Hits tour 'Greatest Hits Live!' tour in September 2014, playing 12 venues across Scotland, England and Ireland. and released "" with all their singles plus three new songs; "What Are You Waiting For?", "808" and "Walking Through the Desert". Bridge said during an interview that, "this is not the end." Humes also said, "when we do split up our greatest hits album would be four discs long!" Vanessa White added, "we hope to release another greatest hits album in three years time."


title: The Saturdays

text: On 14 June 2014, it was announced that the first single taken from the album would be titled, "What Are You Waiting For?", produced by previous collaborators Xenomania. The single debuted at number 38 on the UK Singles Chart, their lowest charting single to date, while the album debuted at number 10 on the UK Album Chart. The girls also dropped a remix of "808" with American rap-artist, Angel Haze.


title: The Saturdays

text: On 2 December 2014, the Saturdays announced that they created a cover of the Waitresses' song "Christmas Wrapping" for the film "Get Santa". This song later appeared on the Christmas edition of "Pop Party" called Pop Party Christmas.


title: The Saturdays

text: On 22 March 2015, in an interview with the "Irish Independent", Mollie King revealed that the group was on hiatus and will not be releasing any new music until at least 2016. She is quoted as saying that the band will "be recording another album after Christmas so we are doing our own things this year." On 11 May, in an interview with the "Daily Mirror", Frankie Bridge stated that the Saturdays would be heading back into the recording studio later in the year to begin work on new material. She is quoted as saying "We're recording again this year, which will be great as we all genuinely get on. The reason we've stayed together so long is we have the freedom to do our thing, have time with our families then come back together.".


title: The Saturdays

text: On 31 March 2017, White confirmed that she had no plans to go back to the Saturdays anytime soon, furthering their hiatus. While promoting her debut country music album "The Waiting Game", Una Healy also confirmed that the band had no current plans anytime soon. On 1 April 2017, it was reported that White doesn't have plans to reform with the group as she's focusing on her solo career. Then in September 2017, King hinted that the group could make a comeback in the near future.


title: The Saturdays

text: In mid-2008, the Saturdays made a cameo appearance in "Hollyoaks Later". The group was featured performing in the episode and were also featured talking to the cast members, their "fans". In 2009, they appeared in an episode of BBC TV series "Myths" which was their first acting role as a band. They played a singing group called the Syrens in a modern version of "The Odyssey", with Una Foden as "Peisone". In 2010, the Saturdays filmed a documentary series, "", for ITV2, which witnessed the group touring while promoting the upcoming release of their single "Missing You", and recording sessions for their first extended play, "Headlines!". The documentary had six episodes. The band later announced that the show aimed to prove that there is no bitchiness in the band like the papers always rumour. "You always see in the papers, that me and girls are always arguing, we really don't, and there is no bitching at all." In the first episode of "The Saturdays: 24/7" the band were shown gigging around the UK, without King, after she was taken ill after being bitten by a horse-fly The show was a success and later the band confirmed another show, "The Saturdays: What Goes On Tour", which was also a six-part fly on the wall documentary for Channel 4. The programme featured the girls on tour and what happens on tour with the group and promotional activities including beginning to record their third studio album. The Saturdays then appeared in an episode of "Ghosthunting with..." towards then end of 2010, in which Yvette Fielding guided them through haunted locations. The Saturdays later released a DVD of them performing on tour, titled "The Saturdays: Headlines Live!" which was only included with the Deluxe Fan Edition of "On Your Radar".


title: The Saturdays

text: Before the group, Frankie Sandford and Rochelle Humes (then Wiseman) were regular cast members in children's musical television comedy, "I Dream", where they appeared along with other members from S Club 8. The programme, aimed at (and mostly about) teenagers, which aired in 2004 (see 2004 in British television). It was set at an esteemed performing arts college near Barcelona, Spain, and focuses on thirteen youths who are invited to enroll at the college, Avalon Heights, over the summer. Mollie King appeared on "The X Factor" as a solo act and in a group in a bid to find fame as singer. Vanessa White made common appearances on "Almost Famous" as well as a Cheesestrings advert.


title: The Saturdays

text: It was announced that the group's management were in talks with a number of different American network television programmes to broadcast a reality television series, which would feature the group's day-to-day lives. It was later announced that the Saturdays had signed a contract for their show to be shown through, "E!" and their programme would be titled "Chasing the Saturdays". The series was available on "E!" and later available on "MTV". The series was 10 episodes long and was first broadcast on 10 January. The iTunes download included an extra-minute snippet of the show back in London and was only if you bought the entire series through iTunes.


title: The Saturdays

text: All of the members of the Saturdays have appeared on the BBC Three late-night panel show "Sweat the Small Stuff". Humes was a regular panel member in series 1, and a team captain in series 2. In the second half of series 1 (from June 2013), Rochelle was on maternity leave, and each of the other Saturdays replaced her in the later episodes.


title: The Saturdays

text: In 2010 the Saturdays each contributed their part to a book "" an autobiography which was released on 25 October 2010. The book was written with a ghostwriter and published by the Transworld imprint Bantam Press. The group also began a book signing tour starting at WH Smith in Bluewater. The book gives an insight into the world of each band members, where they explain the success with the band and before their lives in the band (Humes and Sandford's case their time in S Club 8). They also talk about they love life, their friendship within the band and a personal insight before they found fame. They give fashion and beauty tips throughout the book and gossip accompanied by photos from each other group's own collection. The Saturdays became the new face of hair removal product, Veet in 2009. In 2010 the Saturdays became the face of Impulse, a women's deodorant. They became ambassadors for "Nintendo 3DS" game, "Nintendogs + Cats" prior to the release of their third studio album, taking over from Girls Aloud. The Saturdays also worked with "Fashionista" to release a new brand of nail varnish, which was launched in Superdrug.


title: The Saturdays

text: All five of the members have been involved in charity work. The Saturdays released a cover of Depeche Mode's "Just Can't Get Enough". The single was released on 1 March 2009 in aid to 2009's Comic Relief. The song debuted at number-two making the groups the first artist to miss the number-one spot with a Comic Relief single. However, the single out sold the original version. The Saturdays later changed to yellow tabards and they toured London's Westfield Shopping Mall with buckets and asked customers to part with their cash. The Saturdays have supported Marie Curie, which provides nurses to help care for people with terminal cancer. King and Wiseman appeared on 24 March 2012 episode of "The Million Pound Drop" to raise money for Marie Curie, leaving with a £5000 consolation prize after missing the 8th and final question. The band also have done a charity gig for Sport Relief. The band went on to become supporters of Elton John's charity, "Elton John AIDS Foundation". They also went on to do a charity gig with other artists for Help for Heroes to raise money for injured British soldiers.


title: The Saturdays

text: The Saturdays music is pop but throughout the group's lifetime they have experimented and recorded R&B which features styles urban, contemporary and dance-pop. The group have also recorded Synthpop. To create the music the group have closely worked with Ina Wroldsen, Quiz & Larossi, Louis Biancaniello, Steve Mac throughout their career. Their first album was described as "sassy, modern, chart-ready pop is more straightforward than most Girls Aloud singles and younger than the music Sugababes are now recording." Petridis of "Allmusic" described "Wordshaker" "combining aggressive basslines and vocals that are a pinch of prowess" and "praised the catchiness [that the songs] can't be denied". And said "If anything, the girls are showing even more confidence this time around" and said that the album was a "fresh-sounding". Later, when the band released their first Extended play, "Headlines!" critics said "offers a tantalising glimpse of what to expect from the group's next album proper". Others said that the band had "a feisty edge", and concluded by calling the album "short but sweet".


title: The Saturdays

text: The Saturdays' debut album, "Chasing Lights" takes influence from a number of genres such as, synthpop, power pop, and new wave. The album also takes a big electropop and dance-pop influence. Upon the release of the album, it was compared to Girls Aloud, Sugababes and Spice Girls. The band refused to accept that their music had comparisons. The band's debut single, "If This Is Love," features elements of synthpop and new wave genres. Many critics pointed out that they believe that the band's music would appeal more to the gay community.


title: The Saturdays

text: Upon the release of the second album, "Wordshaker" the band released a pop rock track, "Forever Is Over". The album was also said to be a laid-back electro poppy offering that recalls the more subdued moments from their debut album." Talking about the album and the single "Ego"; We were searching for sounds and found the basic hook sound that's in the verse and carries all the way through. I started playing along to it and then Ina started singing along, and the song was written over that. No drums were ever put down." "Headlines!" was released in 2010, which was the band's first Extended play on the EP, the band have made use of auto-tuning on their vocals, most notable on "Missing You" and "Higher" They said about the music on "Headlines!" "We finished ["Wordshaker"] and we'd come across some songs that we were really excited about. The songs that we had found were so current, and we'd written a couple of songs ourselves, [so] we wanted to just get everything out now". The synth-laden "Higher" has become an instant fan fave following recent live performances and, with its infectious chorus and super-sassy lyrics.


title: The Saturdays

text: With third album "On Your Radar", the group said they were beginning to take risks in their music genre. They said; "I think every artist needs to, sort of, reinvent themselves and we don't want any track to sound like it could have been on our previous albums. It's going to be a step up from the last album but we'll keep it The Saturdays-esque." The band described the song's lyrics as "playful" with a "drop-out chorus" and the song is often labelled "it's a very cool" by the band. They described their album as "current", "fun", "naughty" and "girly". "Notorious" was described by critics "big" and that it was "quite amazing". Their new music was also compared to Rihanna, the Black Eyed Peas and Kelis' music. The Saturdays also teamed up with MNEK and Space Cowboy to help them to record "club bangers". "All Fired Up" is an electro house and dance-pop track. Britney Spears, Rihanna, John Mayer, Katy Perry, Beyoncé and Kelly Rowland are all influences on the group.


title: Hardcore (1979 film)

text: Hardcore is a 1979 American neo-noir crime-drama film written and directed by Paul Schrader and starring George C. Scott, Peter Boyle, Ilah Davis and Season Hubley. The story concerns a father (Scott) searching for his daughter (Davis), who has vanished only to appear in a pornographic film. Schrader had previously written the screenplay for Martin Scorsese's "Taxi Driver", and both films share a theme of exploring an unseen subculture.


title: Hardcore (1979 film)

text: Jake Van Dorn is a prosperous local businessman in Grand Rapids, Michigan, who has strong Calvinist convictions. A single parent, Van Dorn is the father of a seemingly quiet, conservative teenage girl, Kristen, who inexplicably disappears when she goes on a church-sponsored trip to Bellflower, California. Andy Mast, a strange private investigator (PI) from Los Angeles, is then hired to find her, eventually turning up an 8mm stag film of Kristen with two young men.


title: Hardcore (1979 film)

text: After Van Dorn views the film, he suspects that his daughter was kidnapped and persuaded to join California's porn underworld. His quest to rescue her takes him on an odyssey through this sleazy adult subculture.


title: Hardcore (1979 film)

text: With no results from Mast's investigations, the Los Angeles Police Department, or even from Los Angeles' sex shopkeepers and "rap parlor" women, a desperate Van Dorn posts an advertisement and disguise as a pornography producer in the "Los Angeles Free Press", hoping to find information about his daughter. After many porn actors visit Van Dorn's motel, a scraggly actor named "Jism Jim", who was in the 8mm stag film with Kristen, appears and knows where she might be. Jim sends Van Dorn to an occasional porn actress and prostitute named Niki. Van Dorn hires Niki to accompany him on the search for Kristen. Chasing a rumor that Kristen was now filming porn in Mexico, their uneasy alliance moves from Los Angeles to San Diego, gradually warming to each other: Niki feels protected by Van Dorn because he is a man who does not see her as merely a sex object, and he is able to speak openly to her about his deepest feelings, such as his wife leaving him. The unlikely pair ends in San Francisco where Van Dorn finds that Kristen may be in the hands of Ratan, a very dangerous S & M porn player who deals in the world of "snuff films". Niki, who had previously begun to think Van Dorn could help her to escape life on the streets, now finds herself fearful of being forgotten once he locates his daughter — alive or dead. As a result, she initially refuses to divulge the address of a porn industry player who is a link to Ratan. Van Dorn loses his temper and strikes her to make her reveal the information.


title: Hardcore (1979 film)

text: Van Dorn finds the player named Tod, in a bondage house and forces Tod to tell him where Ratan hangs out. Van Dorn and Mast track Ratan to a nightclub where he and Kristen are observing a live sex show. When Van Dorn confronts Ratan, Kristen flees and Ratan slashes Van Dorn with a knife. Mast shoots and kills Ratan. Van Dorn tells Kristen he will take her home from the people he believes forced her into pornography. However, she responds with anger, stating that she entered porn of her own free will as a way to rebel against her conservative upbringing. She now felt loved and appreciated in a way that the emotionally distant Van Dorn never offered. Despondent and tearful, Van Dorn asks her if she really wants him to leave her alone but she acknowledges that she does not. As the two prepare to return home, Van Dorn spots Niki. He speaks to her, starting to make a token offer of gratitude, but it is clear to both that it is just as she feared. Her usefulness to him, and thus their relationship, is now over. She walks away, resigned to continuing her life on the streets.


title: Hardcore (1979 film)

text: The film was produced by John Milius who said it was "a wonderful script that turned out to be a lousy movie. I blame Paul's direction for that."


title: Hardcore (1979 film)

text: Warren Beatty originally wanted to play the lead but, according to the director Paul Schrader, "He wouldn't take me as a director. And in his version, it would have been his wife, not his daughter, who split for the Coast. No good. I held out. I turned down a very large sum of money. I went after [George C.] Scott and I got him. One of the greatest actors in the world."


title: Hardcore (1979 film)

text: Despite arguing that the climax lapses into action film cliches, Roger Ebert nonetheless gave the movie a four-out-of-four star review for its "moments of pure revelation", particularly in the scenes between Scott and Hubley. Gene Siskel gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four and called it "both a rich film of ideas and of strikingly real characters". He thought George C. Scott gave "one of his finest performances" in the film. "Variety" called it "a very good film" and predicted that no matter what each individual audience member's attitudes toward pornography and religion were, "nobody's going to be bored". Vincent Canby of "The New York Times" wrote in a mixed review that Schrader "demonstrates an extraordinary sensitivity to the realities of the American heritage that are seldom even thought about on screen, much less dramatized. His characters are complex. Unfortunately the melodrama seldom matches their complexity. It is blunt, clumsy—melodrama that seems not to reflect life but the ways lives are led in the movies."


title: Hardcore (1979 film)

text: Pauline Kael of "The New Yorker" was negative, explaining that "Taxi Driver" worked because "the protagonist, Travis Bickle, had a fear and hatred of sex so feverishly sensual that we experienced his tensions, his explosiveness. But in 'Hardcore' Jake feels no lust, so there's no enticement—and no contest. The Dutch Reformation Church has won the battle for his soul before the film's first frame." She added that "there something a little batty about the way Jake strides through hell swinging his fists, like a Calvinist John Wayne." Charles Champlin of the "Los Angeles Times" called the film "strong but finally disappointing stuff", explaining, "Quite apart from the plot concoctions that leave reality so far behind, the exasperation of 'Hardcore' is that the confrontation has never quite come off. The daughter, whose feelings are presumably crucial to an understanding of the story, is never more than a cipher and a symbol." Gary Arnold of "The Washington Post" called it "absorbing but unsatisfying", finding that the reconciliation at the end "violates too much of what we've been led to believe".


title: Hardcore (1979 film)

text: On "Rotten Tomatoes", the film has an approval rating of 73% based on 26 reviews, with an average rating of 6.7/10. The site's consensus states: "Director Paul Schrader's preoccupations with alienation and faith are given a compelling avatar in George C. Scott's superb performance, although some audiences may find "Hardcore" too soft to live up to its provocative promise."


title: Hardcore (1979 film)

text: "Hardcore" was available on VHS during the 1980s from Columbia Pictures Home Entertainment and later RCA/Columbia Pictures Home Video. In the 1990s, it was reissued on Columbia TriStar Home Video. In 2004, the film received a DVD release from Sony Pictures Home Entertainment.


title: Hardcore (1979 film)

text: In August 2016, the film received a U.S. release on Blu-ray from Twilight Time in a limited edition of 3,000 copies. The disc has a commentary track from Schrader as well as the critics Eddy Friedfeld, Lee Pfeiffer and Paul Scrabo. It is now available on streaming video and digital download through Amazon.com, Apple's iTunes Store, Vudu and other online media.


title: Jerry Jeff Walker

text: Jerry Jeff Walker (born Ronald Clyde Crosby; March 16, 1942 – October 23, 2020) was an American country music and folk singer-songwriter. He was a leading figure in the progressive country and outlaw country music movement. He was best known for having written the 1968 song "Mr. Bojangles".


title: Jerry Jeff Walker

text: Walker was born Ronald Clyde Crosby in Oneonta, New York, on March 16, 1942. His father, Mel, worked as a sports referee and bartender; his mother, Alma (Conrow), was a housewife. His maternal grandparents played for square dances in the Oneonta area – his grandmother, Jessie Conrow, playing piano, while his grandfather played fiddle. During the late 1950s, Crosby was a member of a local Oneonta teen band called The Tones.


title: Jerry Jeff Walker

text: After high school, Crosby joined the National Guard, but his thirst for adventure led him to go AWOL and he was eventually discharged. He went on to roam the country busking for a living in New Orleans and throughout Texas, Florida, and New York, often accompanied by H. R. Stoneback (a friendship referenced in 1970's "Stoney"). He first played under the stage name of Jerry Ferris, then Jeff Walker, before amalgamating them into Jerry Jeff Walker and legally changing his name to that in the late 1960s.


title: Jerry Jeff Walker

text: Walker spent his early folk music days in Greenwich Village in the mid-1960s. He co-founded a band with Bob Bruno in the late-1960s called Circus Maximus that put out two albums, one with the popular FM radio hit "Wind", but Bruno's interest in jazz apparently diverged from Walker's interest in folk music. Walker thus resumed his solo career and recorded the seminal 1968 album "Mr. Bojangles" with the help of David Bromberg and other influential Atlantic recording artists. He settled in Austin, Texas, in the 1970s, associating mainly with the outlaw country scene that included artists such as Michael Martin Murphey, Willie Nelson, Guy Clark, Waylon Jennings, and Townes Van Zandt. "Jerry Jeff's train songs" were cited in the lyrics of Jennings and Nelson's 1977 hit song "Luckenbach, Texas (Back to the Basics of Love)". On September 28, 1974, Walker appeared with Doug Sahm at Carnegie Hall's Main Hall.


title: Jerry Jeff Walker

text: A string of records for MCA and Elektra followed Walker's move to Austin, Texas, before he gave up on the mainstream music business and formed his own independent record label. Tried & True Music was founded in 1986, with his wife Susan as president and manager. Susan also founded Goodknight Music as his management company and Tried & True Artists for his bookings. A series of increasingly autobiographical records followed under the Tried & True imprint, which also sells his autobiography, "Gypsy Songman". In 2004, Walker released his first DVD of songs from his past performed in an intimate setting in Austin.


title: Jerry Jeff Walker

text: Walker married Susan Streit in 1974 in Travis County, Texas. They had two children: a son, Django Walker, who is also a musician, and a daughter Jessie Jane. Walker had a retreat on Ambergris Caye in Belize, where he recorded his "Cowboy Boots and Bathing Suits" album in 1998. He also made a guest appearance on Ramblin' Jack Elliott's 1998 album of duets "Friends of Mine", singing "He Was a Friend of Mine" and Woody Guthrie's "Hard Travelin'".


title: Jerry Jeff Walker

text: Walker recorded songs written by others such as "LA Freeway" (Guy Clark), "Up Against the Wall Redneck Mother" (Ray Wylie Hubbard), "(Looking for) The Heart of Saturday Night" (Tom Waits), and "London Homesick Blues" (Gary P. Nunn). He also interpreted the songs of others such as Rodney Crowell, Townes Van Zandt, Paul Siebel, Bob Dylan, Todd Snider, Dave Roberts, and even a rodeo clown named Billy Jim Baker. Walker was given the moniker of "the Jimmy Buffett of Texas". It was Walker who first drove Jimmy Buffett to Key West (from Coconut Grove, Florida in a Packard). The two musicians also co-wrote the song "Railroad Lady" while riding the last run of the "Panama Limited".


title: Jerry Jeff Walker

text: Walker's "Mr. Bojangles" (1968) is perhaps his best-known and most-often covered song. It is about an obscure alcoholic but talented tap-dancing drifter Walker had met who, when arrested and jailed in New Orleans, insisted on being identified only as "Bojangles" (taken, presumably, from famed tap dancer Bill Robinson, leading to erroneous speculation that Robinson was the subject of the song).


title: Jerry Jeff Walker

text: Notable covers of the song include a live version by his bandmate Bromberg on his album "Demon in Disguise", a single by the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band that charted at number 9 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in 1971 (also released on their album "Uncle Charlie & His Dog Teddy"). and its inclusion in medley on the 1974 debut self-titled album by Jim Stafford.


title: Jerry Jeff Walker

text: Walker had an annual birthday celebration in Austin at the Paramount Theatre and at Gruene Hall in Gruene, Texas. This party became an enormous event in Texas and brought some of the biggest names in country music out for a night of picking and swapping stories.


title: The Fens

text: The Fens, also known as the , in eastern England are a naturally marshy region supporting a rich ecology and numerous species. Most of the fens were drained centuries ago, resulting in a flat, dry, low-lying agricultural region supported by a system of drainage channels and man-made rivers (dykes and drains) and automated pumping stations. There have been unintended consequences to this reclamation, as the land level has continued to sink and the dykes have been built higher to protect it from flooding.


title: The Fens

text: Fen is the local term for an individual area of marshland or former marshland. It also designates the type of marsh typical of the area, which has neutral or alkaline water and relatively large quantities of dissolved minerals, but few other plant nutrients.


title: The Fens

text: The Fens are a National Character Area, based on their landscape, biodiversity, geodiversity and economic activity.


title: The Fens

text: The Fens lie inland of the Wash, and are an area of nearly in Lincolnshire, Cambridgeshire, and Norfolk.


title: The Fens

text: Most of the Fens lie within a few metres of sea level. As with similar areas in the Netherlands, much of the Fenland originally consisted of fresh- or salt-water wetlands. These have been artificially drained and continue to be protected from floods by drainage banks and pumps. With the support of this drainage system, the Fenland has become a major arable agricultural region for grains and vegetables. The Fens are particularly fertile, containing around half of the grade 1 agricultural land in England.


title: The Fens

text: The Fens have been referred to as the "Holy Land of the English" because of the former monasteries, now churches and cathedrals, of Crowland, Ely, Peterborough, Ramsey and Thorney. Other significant settlements in the Fens include Boston, Downham Market, March, Spalding, and Wisbech.


title: The Fens

text: The Fens are very low-lying compared with the chalk and limestone uplands that surround them – in most places no more than above sea level. As a result of drainage and the subsequent shrinkage of the peat fens, many parts of the Fens now lie below mean sea level. Although one writer in the 17th century described the Fenland as entirely above sea level (in contrast to the Netherlands), the area now includes the lowest land in the United Kingdom. Holme Fen in Cambridgeshire, is around below sea level. Within the Fens are a few hills, which have historically been called "islands", as they remained dry when the low-lying fens around them were flooded. The largest of the fen-islands was the 23-square-mile (60 km) Kimmeridge Clay island, on which the cathedral city of Ely was built: its highest point is above mean sea level.


title: The Fens

text: Without artificial drainage and flood protection, the Fens would be liable to periodic flooding, particularly in winter due to the heavy load of water flowing down from the uplands and overflowing the rivers. Some areas of the Fens were once permanently flooded, creating lakes or "meres", while others were flooded only during periods of high water. In the pre-modern period, arable farming was limited to the higher areas of the surrounding uplands, the fen islands, and the so-called "Townlands", an arch of silt ground around the Wash, where the towns had their arable fields. Though these lands were lower than the peat fens before the peat shrinkage began, the more stable silt soils were reclaimed by medieval farmers and embanked against any floods coming down from the peat areas or from the sea. The rest of the Fenland was dedicated to pastoral farming, fishing, fowling, and the harvesting of reeds or sedge for thatch. In this way, the medieval and early modern Fens stood in contrast to the rest of England, which was primarily an arable agricultural region.


title: The Fens

text: Since the advent of modern drainage in the 19th and 20th centuries, the Fens have been radically transformed. Today arable farming has almost entirely replaced pastoral. The economy of the Fens is heavily invested in the production of crops such as grains, vegetables, and some cash crops such as rapeseed and canola.


title: The Fens

text: Drainage in the Fenland consists of both river drainage and internal drainage of the land between the rivers. The internal drainage was organised by "levels" or districts, each of which includes the fen parts of one or several parishes. The details of the organisation vary with the history of their development, but the areas include:


title: The Fens

text: At the end of the most recent glacial period, known in Britain as the Devensian, ten thousand years ago, Britain and continental Europe were joined by the ridge between Friesland and Norfolk. The topography of the bed of the North Sea indicates that the rivers of the southern part of eastern England flowed into the Rhine, thence through the English Channel. From the Fens northward along the modern coast, the drainage flowed into the northern North Sea basin. As the ice melted, the rising sea level drowned the lower lands, leading ultimately to the present coastline.


title: The Fens

text: These rising sea levels flooded the previously inland woodland of the Fenland basin; over the next few thousand years both saltwater and freshwater wetlands developed as a result. Silt and clay soils were deposited by marine floods in the saltwater areas and along the beds of tidal rivers, while organic soils, or peats, developed in the freshwater marshes. Fenland water levels peaked in the Iron Age; earlier Bronze and Neolithic settlements were covered by peat deposits, and have only recently been found after periods of extensive droughts revealed them. During the Roman period, water levels fell once again. Settlements developed on the new silt soils deposited near the coast. Though water levels rose once again in the early medieval period, by this time artificial banks protected the coastal settlements and the interior from further deposits of marine silts. Peats continued to develop in the freshwater wetlands of the interior fens.


title: The Fens

text: In general, of the three principal soil types found in the Fenland today, the mineral-based silt resulted from the energetic marine environment of the creeks, the clay was deposited in tidal mud-flats and salt-marsh, while the peat grew in the fen and bog. The peat produces black soils, which are directly comparable to the American muck soils. A roddon, the dried raised bed of a watercourse, is more suitable for building than the less stable peat.


title: The Fens

text: Since the 19th century, all of the acid peat in the Fens has disappeared. Drying and wastage of peats has greatly reduced the depth of the alkaline peat soils and reduced the overall elevation of large areas of the peat fens. It is also recorded that peat was dug out of the East and West Lincolnshire fens in the 14th century and used to fire the salterns of Wrangle and Friskney. In later centuries it was used locally for winter fuel and its digging controlled by the Duchy of Lancaster.


title: The Fens

text: Written records of earthquakes in the Fen area appear as early as 1048. According to "Historia Ingulfi," p. 64, (1684) this took place in Lincolnshire. In 1117 one affected Holland, Lincs, "endangering and injuring Crowland Abbey". In 1185 Lincoln was damaged. In 1448 a shock was recorded in south Lincolnshire ("Ingulfi," p. 526). In 1750 John Moore records a severe shock attended by a rumbling noise in Bourn after midday. This was felt in Lincolnshire, Leicestershire and Northamptonshire. Houses tottered, slates, tiles and some chimneys fell. As it was a Sunday, some people ran out of the churches "in great consternation". In 1792 another shock was also felt in Bourne and neighbouring towns.


title: The Fens

text: There is evidence of human settlement near the Fens from the Mesolithic on. The evidence suggests that Mesolithic settlement in Cambridgeshire was particularly along the fen edges and on the low islands within the fens, to take advantage of the hunting and fishing opportunities of the wetlands. Internationally important sites include Flag Fen and Must Farm quarry Bronze Age settlement and Stonea Camp.


title: The Fens

text: The Romans constructed the Fen Causeway, a road across the Fens to link what later became East Anglia with what later became central England; it runs between Denver and Peterborough. They also linked Cambridge and Ely. Generally, their road system avoided the Fens, except for minor roads designed for exporting the products of the region, especially salt, beef and leather. Sheep were probably raised on the higher ground of the Townlands and fen islands, then as in the early 19th century. There may have been some drainage efforts during the Roman period, including the Car Dyke along the western edge of the Fenland between Peterborough and Lincolnshire, but most canals were constructed for transportation.


title: The Fens

text: How far seaward the Roman settlement extended is unclear owing to the deposits laid down above them during later floods.


title: The Fens

text: The early post-Roman settlements were made on the Townlands. It is clear that there was some prosperity there, particularly where rivers permitted access to the upland beyond the fen. Such places were Wisbech, Spalding, Swineshead and Boston. All the Townlands parishes were laid out as elongated strips, to provide access to the products of fen, marsh and sea. On the fen edge, parishes are similarly elongated to provide access to both upland and fen. The townships are therefore often nearer to each other than they are to the distant farms in their own parishes.


title: The Fens

text: After the end of Roman Britain, there is a break in written records. It is thought that some Iceni may have moved west into the Fens to avoid the Angles, who were migrating across the North Sea from Angeln (modern Schleswig) and settling what would become East Anglia. Surrounded by water and marshes, the Fens provided a safe area that was easily defended and not particularly desirable to invading Anglo-Saxons.


title: The Fens

text: It has been proposed that the names of West Walton, Walsoken and Walpole suggest the native British population, with the "Wal-" coming from the Old English "walh", meaning "foreigner". However, the villages are in close proximity to the old Roman sea wall, so the "wal-" element is more probably from "wal" or "weal", meaning "wall". "Walton" is generally believed to mean "wall-town", "Walsoken" to mean "the district under particular jurisdiction by the wall", and "Walpole" to mean simply "wall-pole" (Old English "wal" and "pal").


title: The Fens

text: When written records resume in Anglo-Saxon England, the names of a number of peoples of the Fens are recorded in the Tribal Hidage and Christian histories. They include North Gyrwe (Peterborough and Crowland), South Gyrwe (Ely), the Spalda (Spalding), and Bilmingas (part of south Lincolnshire).


title: The Fens

text: In the early Christian period of Anglo-Saxon England, a number of Christians sought the isolation that could be found in the wilderness of the Fens. Later classified as saints, often with close royal links, they include Guthlac, Etheldreda, Pega, and Wendreda. Hermitages on the islands became centres of communities which later developed as monasteries with massive estates. In the "Life of Saint Guthlac", a biography of the East Anglian hermit who lived in the Fens during the early 8th century, Saint Guthlac was described as attacked on several occasions by people he believed were Britons, who were then living in the Fens. However, Bertram Colgrave, in the introduction to one edition, doubts this account, because of the lack of evidence of British survival in the region. British place names in the area are "very few".


title: The Fens

text: Monastic life was disrupted by Danish (Anglo-Saxon) raids and centuries of settlement from the 6th century but was revived in the mid-10th-century monastic revival. In the 11th century, the whole area was incorporated into a united Anglo-Saxon England. The Fens remained a place of refuge and intrigue. It was here that Alfred Aetheling was brought to be murdered and here where Hereward the Wake based his insurgency against Norman England.


title: The Fens

text: Fenland monastic houses include the so-called "Fen Five" (Ely Cathedral Priory, Thorney Abbey, Croyland Abbey, Ramsey Abbey and Peterborough Abbey) as well as Spalding Priory. As major landowners, the monasteries played a significant part in the early efforts at drainage of the Fens.


title: The Fens

text: During most of the 12th century and the early 13th century, the south Lincolnshire fens were afforested. The area was enclosed by a line from Spalding, along the River Welland to Market Deeping, then along the Car Dyke to Dowsby and across the fens to the Welland. It was deforested in the early 13th century. There is little agreement as to the exact dates of the establishment and demise of the forest, but it seems likely that the deforestation was connected with the Magna Carta or one of its early 13th-century restatements, though it may have been as late as 1240. The forest would have affected the economies of the townships around it and it appears that the present Bourne Eau was constructed at the time of the deforestation, as the town seems to have joined in the general prosperity by about 1280.


title: The Fens

text: Though the forest was about half in Holland (Lincolnshire) and half in Kesteven, it is known as Kesteven Forest.


title: The Fens

text: Though some signs of Roman hydraulics survive, and there were also some medieval drainage works, land drainage was begun in earnest during the 1630s by the various investors who had contracts with King Charles I to do so. The leader of one of these syndicates was the Earl of Bedford, who employed Cornelius Vermuyden as engineer. Contrary to popular belief, Vermuyden was not involved with the draining of the Great Fen in Cambridgeshire and Norfolk in the 1630s, but only became involved with the second phase of construction in the 1650s. The scheme was imposed despite huge opposition from locals who were losing their livelihoods based on fishing and wildfowling. Fenmen known as the Fen Tigers tried to sabotage the drainage efforts.


title: The Fens

text: Two cuts were made in the Cambridgeshire Fens to join the River Great Ouse to the sea at King's Lynn – the Old Bedford River and the New Bedford River, the latter being known also as the "Hundred Foot Drain". Both cuts were named after the Fourth Earl of Bedford who, along with some "gentlemen adventurers" (venture capitalists), funded the construction and were rewarded with large grants of the resulting farmland. The work was directed by engineers from the Low Countries. Following this initial drainage, the Fens were still extremely susceptible to flooding, so windpumps were used to pump water away from affected areas. The Company of Adventurers were more formally incorporated in 1663 as the Bedford Level Corporation.


title: The Fens

text: However, their success was short-lived. Once drained of water, the peat shrank, and the fields lowered further. The more effectively they were drained, the worse the problem became, and soon the fields were lower than the surrounding rivers. By the end of the 17th century, the land was under water once again.


title: The Fens

text: Though the three Bedford Levels together formed the biggest scheme, they were not the only ones. Lord Lindsey and his partner Sir William Killigrew had the Lindsey Level inhabited by farmers by 1638, but the onset of the Civil War permitted the destruction of the works until the 1765 Act of Parliament that led to the formation of the Black Sluice Commissioners.


title: The Fens

text: Many original records of the Bedford Level Corporation, including maps of the Levels, are now held by Cambridgeshire Archives and Local Studies Service at the County Record Office in Cambridge.


title: The Fens

text: The major part of the draining of the Fens was effected in the late 18th and early 19th century, again involving fierce local rioting and sabotage of the works. The final success came in the 1820s when windpumps were replaced with powerful coal-powered steam engines, such as Stretham Old Engine, which were themselves replaced with diesel-powered pumps, such as those at Prickwillow Museum and, following World War II, the small electric stations that are still used today.


title: The Fens

text: The dead vegetation of the peat remained undecayed because it was deprived of air (the peat being anaerobic). When it was drained, the oxygen of the air reached it, since then the peat has been slowly oxidizing. This, together with the shrinkage on its initial drying and the removal of soil by the wind, has meant that much of the Fens lies below high tide level. As the highest parts of the drained fen are now only a few metres above mean sea level, only sizeable embankments of the rivers, and general flood defences, stop the land from being inundated. Nonetheless, these works are now much more effective than they were.


title: The Fens

text: The Fens today are protected by of embankments defending against the sea and of river embankments. Eleven internal drainage board (IDB) groups maintain 286 pumping stations and of watercourses, with the combined capacity to pump 16,500 Olympic-size swimming pools in a 24-hour period or to empty Rutland Water in 3 days.


title: The Fens

text: As of 2008, there are estimated to be 4,000 farms in the Fens involved in agriculture and horticulture, including arable, livestock, poultry, dairy, orchards, vegetables and ornamental plants and flowers. They employ about 27,000 people in full-time and seasonal jobs. In turn, they support around 250 businesses involved in food and drink manufacturing and distribution, employing around 17,500 people.


title: The Fens

text: Over 70% of the Fens is involved in environmental stewardship schemes, under which of hedgerow and of ditches are managed, providing large wildlife corridors and habitat for endangered animals such as the water vole.


title: The Fens

text: In 2003, the Great Fen Project was initiated to return parts of the Fens to their original pre-agricultural state. The periodic flooding by the North Sea, which renewed the character of the Fenlands, was characterised conventionally by the 1911 "Encyclopædia Britannica" as "ravaged by serious inundations of the sea". The modern approach is to allow a little farmland to be flooded again and turned into nature reserves. By introducing fresh water, the organisers of the project hope to encourage species such as the snipe, lapwing and bittern. Endangered species such as the fen violet will be seeded.


title: The Fens

text: The Fens Waterways Link is a scheme to restore navigation to some of the drainage works. It is planned to bring the South Forty-Foot Drain and parts of the Car Dyke into use as part of a route between Boston and Cambridge.


title: The Fens

text: The Fens is the origin of English bandy and speed skating. It is the base of Great Britain Bandy Association and in Littleport there is a project in place aiming at building an indoor stadium for ice sports. If successful it will have the largest sheet of ice in the country with both a bandy pitch and a speed skating oval.


title: The Fens

text: Many historic cities, towns and villages have grown up in the fens, sited chiefly on the few areas of raised ground. These include:


title: Traci Braxton

text: Traci Renee Braxton (April 2, 1971 – March 12, 2022) was an American singer, reality television personality, and radio personality.


title: Traci Braxton

text: Braxton was born in Severn, Maryland as the third child of her parents. Her father, Michael Conrad Braxton Sr., was a Methodist clergyman and power company worker, and her mother, Evelyn Jackson, a native of South Carolina, was a former opera singer and cosmetologist, as well as a pastor. Braxton's maternal grandfather was also a pastor.


title: Traci Braxton

text: Braxton has an older brother, Michael Jr. (born in 1968), and four sisters, Toni (born in 1967), Towanda (born in 1973), Trina (born in 1974) and Tamar (born in 1977). Braxton and her siblings were raised in a strict religious household, and Braxton's first performing experience was singing in her church choir.


title: Traci Braxton

text: Toni, Traci, Towanda, Trina, and Tamar Braxton signed their first record deal with Arista Records in 1989. In 1990, they released their first single, "Good Life". It would be their only single as a fivesome. "Good Life" was not a hit, peaking at No. 79 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart. At the time of the single's release, the members' age differences created a problem with marketing. Subsequently, The Braxtons were dropped from Arista Records.


title: Traci Braxton

text: In 1991, during a showcase with Antonio "L.A." Reid and Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds, who were in the process of forming LaFace Records, Toni Braxton, minus her four sisters, was chosen and signed as the label's first female solo artist. At the time, the remaining members were told that LaFace was not looking for another girl group since it had just signed TLC.


title: Traci Braxton

text: After Toni's departure from the group in 1991, the remaining Braxtons members became backup singers for Toni's first U.S. tour, music videos, and promotional appearances. Traci, Towanda, Trina, and Tamar were featured in the music video for Toni Braxton's third single, "Seven Whole Days", from her debut album.


title: Traci Braxton

text: In 1993, LaFace Records A&R Vice President, Bryant Reid, signed The Braxtons to LaFace. However, the group never released an album or single for the record label. When Reid moved on to work for Atlantic Records, he convinced executives at LaFace to allow him take the group to Atlantic also.


title: Traci Braxton

text: It was reported in "Vibe" magazine that in 1995, Traci Braxton had left the group to pursue a career as a youth counselor. However, it was not confirmed until 2004 when Towanda Braxton appeared in season 2 of the reality show "Starting Over", that Traci was not allowed to sign with Atlantic because of her pregnancy at the time.


title: Traci Braxton

text: In 2011, Braxton reunited with her sisters for the WE tv reality show, "Braxton Family Values". She makes appearances as backing vocal singer of her sisters in some shows over the years. In 2013, Braxton and her husband Kevin Surratt joined the third season of Marriage Boot Camp.


title: Traci Braxton

text: In 2013, Braxton began her solo career after signing with independent media conglomerate Entertainment One under eOne Music and Soul World Entertainment to release an album. The same year, she got her own radio show called The Traci Braxton show on the BLIS.F.M. radio.


title: Traci Braxton

text: Her solo debut album, "Crash & Burn", was released on October 7, 2014. The album's lead single "Last Call" peaked at number 16 on the US R&B Adult. "Crash & Burn" debuted at No. 108 on the Billboard Hot 200 with sales of 4,000 in its first week. The album also reached No. 11 on the relaunched "Billboard" R&B Albums chart and at No. 1 on the Heatseekers Albums chart. A follow-up single "Perfect Time" was released in 2015.


title: Traci Braxton

text: On January 14, 2015, she joined the judging panel of Mrs. DC America 2015. In October 2015, "The Braxtons" released their second album "Braxton Family Christmas". The album was released on October 30 and pre-ordered on October 16. "Braxton Family Christmas" debuted at number 27 on the US "Billboard" R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, number 10 on the US R&B chart and number 12 on US Top Holiday Albums on November 21, 2015. The album charted at number 1 on the US Heatseekers Albums on December 12, 2015.


title: Traci Braxton

text: On May 17, 2016, during a Facebook live video on the Braxton Family Values page it was announced that Braxton was releasing a new single in 2016 titled "Body Shots" from her upcoming second studio album.


title: Traci Braxton

text: On May 21, 2017, she starred on the stageplay "There's a Stranger in My House". On September 26, 2017, Braxton was featured on the Kokayi rapper title ""Moonlight"".


title: Traci Braxton

text: On April 20, 2018, she released the single "Broken Things" featuring her sisters Toni, Towanda and Trina. On August 3, 2018, Traci Braxton released "Lifeline" as the official lead single from her second album, "On Earth", which was released on August 24, 2018.


title: Traci Braxton

text: In the same time, she made her movie acting debut in the feature film "Sinners Wanted". On June 13, 2019, she acted in the film, "All In", starring Lil Mama.


title: Traci Braxton

text: On September 24, 2021, she was featured on the song "Stay with Me", performed by Candiace, taken from her album "Deep Space".


title: Traci Braxton

text: Braxton died on March 12, 2022, at the age of 50. She had been suffering from esophageal cancer for at least one year before her death.


title: Traci Braxton

text: In addition to her parents, sisters, and brother, she is survived by her husband, Kevin Surrat, their son, Kevin Surrat Jr. and his wife Olivia (née Barron), and her grandson, Kevin Surrat, III.


title: Purr

text: A purr is a tonal fluttering sound made by some species of felids and two species of genets. It varies in loudness and tone among species and in the same animal. Felids are a family of mammals that belong to the order Carnivora and are informally known as cats. This designation includes larger, outdoor cats and the domestic cat ("Felis catus"). Genets are members of the genus "Genetta" and are slim animals with features similar to cats. Their features include retractile claws, leopard-like spotted fur and the raccoon-like mask and ringed tail.


title: Purr

text: Although true purring is exclusive to felids and viverrids, other animals such as raccoons produce vocalizations that sound similar to true purring. Animals that produce purr-like sounds include mongooses, bears, kangaroos, wallabies, wallaroos, badgers, foxes, hyenas, rabbits, squirrels, guinea pigs, tapirs, ring-tailed lemurs and gorillas while eating. Animals purr for a variety of reasons, including to express happiness or fear, and as a defense mechanism. It has also been shown that cats purr to manage pain and soothe themselves. Purring is a soft buzzing sound, similar to a rolled 'r' with a fundamental frequency of around 25 Hz. This sound occurs with noticeable vibrations on the surface of the body, varies in a rhythmic pattern during breathing and occurs continuously during inhalation and exhalation. The intensity and length of the purr can also vary depending on the level of arousal of the animal.


title: Purr

text: The mechanism by which cats purr is an object of speculation, with different theories proposed. An early theory was that purring is a hemodynamic process where sound is produced as the blood runs through the thorax.


title: Purr

text: There is a unique "neural oscillator" in the cat's brain of uncertain significance. Although the mechanism has not yet been fully explained, recent studies have inferred it could be the result of oscillatory mechanisms in the central nervous system.  Studies have also shown that purring can be caused through electrically stimulating the infundibular region of the cat's brain, suggesting central control.


title: Purr

text: One hypothesis, backed by electromyographic studies, is that cats produce the purring noise by using the vocal folds or the muscles of the larynx to alternately dilate and constrict the glottis rapidly, causing air vibrations during inhalation and exhalation. Combined with the steady inhalation and exhalation of air as the cat breathes, a purring noise is produced with strong harmonics.


title: Purr

text: No cat can both purr and roar. The subdivision of the Felidae into "purring cats" (Felinae) on one hand and "roaring cats" (Pantherinae) on the other goes back to Owen and was definitively introduced by Pocock, based on whether the hyoid bone of the larynx is incompletely ("roarers") or completely ("purrers") ossified. However, Weissengruber et al. argued that the ability of a cat species to purr is not affected by the anatomy of its hyoid.


title: Purr

text: The "roaring cats" (lion, "Panthera leo"; tiger, "P. tigris"; jaguar, "P. onca"; leopard, "P. pardus") have an incompletely ossified hyoid, which, according to this theory, enables them to roar but not to purr. However, the snow leopard ("Uncia uncia", or "P. uncia"), as the fifth felid species with an incompletely ossified hyoid, purrs.


title: Purr

text: All remaining species of the family Felidae ("purring cats") have a completely ossified hyoid, which enables them to purr but not to roar. Based on a technical acoustic definition of roaring, the presence of this vocalization type depends on specific characteristics of the vocal folds and an elongated vocal tract, which is rendered possible by an incompletely ossified hyoid.


title: Purr

text: In domestic cats, many signals that occur when interacting with humans seem to originate from when the animal was dependent on the mother. Cats have been observed to purr for most of their lifespan, starting from when they were young and suckling from their mother. Purring may have developed as an evolutionary advantage as a signalling mechanism of reassurance between mother cats and nursing kittens. Post-nursing cats often purr as a sign of contentment: when being petted, becoming relaxed, or eating. Some purring may be a signal to another animal that the purring cat does not pose a threat.


title: Purr

text: In addition to this, cats have been shown to have different sounding purrs depending on the situation. Purring sometimes seems to be a way for cats to signal their caretakers for food. This purring has a high-frequency component not present in other purrs. These are called solicitation purrs (when the cat is looking for something) and non-solicitation purrs (when the cat is not looking for something), and the two are distinguishable to humans. In a study, 50 humans were subjected to playbacks of purrs recorded in solicitation and non-solicitation situations at the same amplitude. Humans regularly judged the solicitation purrs as less pleasant and more urgent than the non-solicitation purrs. This variety of purring seems to be found more frequently in cats in a one-to-one relationship with a caretaker. Similarities have previously been drawn between an infant crying and the isolation cry of domestic cats. The high frequency aspect of the purr can subtly exploit humans' sensitivity to these cries, which makes it more difficult to become habituated and ignore this. Using sensory biases in communication between species provides the signalers (cats) with a productive way to increase the standard of care received.


title: Purr

text: Cats often purr when distressed or in pain, such as during labor. In cats, there are three stages of labor. In the first stage, the uterus begins to contract, the cervix relaxes and the water breaks. During this stage, the cat begins to purr which is hypothesized to be a self-relaxation technique. This purring may trigger a cat's brain to release a hormone which helps it in relaxing and acts as a painkiller.


title: Purr

text: There is also some evidence that the frequency at which cats purr can help promote bone density and hasten healing.


title: Lee Tamahori

text: Warren Lee Tamahori (; born 17 June 1950) is a New Zealand filmmaker best known for directing the 1994 film "Once Were Warriors", the 2001 film "Along Came a Spider", and 2002's James Bond film "Die Another Day".


title: Lee Tamahori

text: Tamahori was born in Wellington, New Zealand. He is of Māori ancestry on his father's side and British on his mother's.


title: Lee Tamahori

text: Tamahori grew up in Tawa, a northern suburb of Wellington, North Island, New Zealand. Educated at Tawa School and Tawa College, he began his career as a commercial artist and photographer. He moved into the film industry in the late 1970s, initially getting in the door by working for nothing, then working as a boom operator for Television New Zealand, and on the feature films: "Skin Deep", "Goodbye Pork Pie", and "Bad Blood".


title: Lee Tamahori

text: In the early 1980s "Pork Pie" director Geoff Murphy promoted Tamahori to become an assistant director on "Utu", and he subsequently worked as first assistant director on "The Silent One", Murphy's "The Quiet Earth", "Came a Hot Friday "and "Merry Christmas, Mr Lawrence". In 1986 Tamahori co-founded production company Flying Fish, which specialised in making commercials. Tamahori made his name with a series of high-profile television commercials, including one awarded 'Commercial of the Decade'.


title: Lee Tamahori

text: Tamahori had directed a number of shorter dramas for television before he made his feature film debut in 1994 with "Once Were Warriors", a gritty depiction of a violent Māori family. The film had problems finding funding, but it went on to break box office records in New Zealand. Overseas it sold to many countries and won rave reviews from "Time" magazine, "Village Voice", and "The Melbourne Age", with "Time" and "The Age" naming it one of the ten best films of the year.