title: Modern history of Ukraine

text: On September 7, 2019, 22 Ukrainian sailors, 2 SBU officers, and 11 Ukrainian Kremlin political prisoners, Oleh Sentsov, Volodymyr Balukh, Edem Bekirov, Pavlo Hryb, Mykola Karpyuk, Stanislav Klykh, Olexandr Kolchenko, Yevhen and Artur Panovy, Oleksiy Syzonovych and Roman Sushchenko returned to Ukraine as a result of a reciprocal release operation.


title: Modern history of Ukraine

text: Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 (PS752) was a scheduled international passenger flight from Tehran to Kyiv operated by Ukraine International Airlines (UIA). On 8 January 2020, the Boeing 737-800 operating the route was shot down shortly after takeoff from Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport by the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC). All 176 passengers and crew were killed.


title: Modern history of Ukraine

text: Poland and Ukraine created the Lublin Triangle initiative, on July 28, 2020, in Lublin, Lithuania. The aim was to create further cooperation between the three historical countries of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and further Ukraine's integration and accession to the EU and NATO.


title: Modern history of Ukraine

text: On February 2, 2021, a presidential decree banned the television broadcasting of the pro-Russian TV channels 112 Ukraine, NewsOne and ZIK. The decision of the National Security and Defense Council and the Presidential Decree of February 19, 2021 imposed sanctions on 8 individuals and 19 legal entities, including Putin's pro-Russian politician and Putin's godfather Viktor Medvedchuk and his wife Oksana Marchenko.


title: Modern history of Ukraine

text: At the June 2021 Brussels Summit, NATO leaders reiterated the decision taken at the 2008 Bucharest Summit that Ukraine would become a member of the Alliance with the Membership Action Plan (MAP) as an integral part of the process and Ukraine's right to determine its own future and foreign policy, of course without outside interference.


title: Modern history of Ukraine

text: On May 17, 2021, the Association Trio was formed by signing a joint memorandum between the Foreign Ministers of Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine. Association Trio is tripartite format for the enhanced cooperation, coordination, and dialogue between the three countries (that have signed the Association Agreement with the EU) with the European Union on issues of common interest related to European integration, enhancing cooperation within the framework of the Eastern Partnership, and committing to the prospect of joining the European Union. In February 2022, Ukraine applied to join the EU.


title: Modern history of Ukraine

text: On March 2, 2020, the first case of COVID-19 infection was confirmed in Chernivtsi. Subsequently, quarantine was imposed, borders were closed and a state of emergency was declared. The epidemic covered all regions of Ukraine. Every day, the Ministry of Health publishes new information about the spread of the pandemic. Due to quarantine restrictions in the country, the economic crisis intensified, the number of officially unemployed increased by 67%. On March 20, the first patient was cured, at that time the patients were already in several areas.


title: Modern history of Ukraine

text: On February 23, 2021, two coronavirus vaccines were registered in Ukraine: AstraZeneca and Pfizer–BioNTech. On February 24, the first person was vaccinated.


title: Modern history of Ukraine

text: On 24 February 2022, Russia and Belarus invaded Ukraine, with Russian president Vladimir Putin announcing a military operation. He associated Ukraine with Nazism as a justification of his attack. He had amassed a large force of troops along Ukraine's border previous to a ground invasion. This was condemned by many countries globally, and Russia was heavily sanctioned as a result of this. This also caused Europe's largest refugee crisis since WWII. The war has also been supported by the separatist quasi-states the Donetsk PR and the Luhansk PR. As of September 2022, the Ukrainians under president Volodymyr Zelenskyy have launched a successful counterattack in the northeast.


title: Brian Stokes Mitchell

text: Brian Stokes Mitchell (born October 31, 1957) is an American actor and singer. A powerful baritone, he has been one of the central leading men of the Broadway theater since the 1990s. He won the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical in 2000 for his performance in "Kiss Me, Kate".


title: Brian Stokes Mitchell

text: Mitchell was born in Seattle, Washington, the youngest of four children of George Mitchell, an electronics engineer, and his wife Lillian (née Stokes), a school administrator. Mitchell grew up at various U.S. military bases overseas, where his father was a civilian engineer for the U.S. Navy. As a young boy, he lived in San Diego, California, where he began acting in school musicals. He did not attend college, having begun performing professionally while a student at Patrick Henry High School, although he did have private teachers in both acting and voice in his teen years. He has said that he studied film scoring, orchestration, and conducting through UCLA. Prior to "Ragtime", he was known professionally as Brian Mitchell.


title: Brian Stokes Mitchell

text: Mitchell first performed on Broadway in the musical "Mail" in 1988, with music by Michael Rupert and lyrics by Jerry Cocker, winning the Theatre World award. His Broadway credits include an all-black revival of George and Ira Gershwin's "Oh, Kay!" (1990), "Jelly's Last Jam" (1992) based on the works of jazz artist Jelly Roll Morton, and Kander and Ebb's "Kiss of the Spider Woman" (1993).


title: Brian Stokes Mitchell

text: He originated the role of Coalhouse Walker Jr, in the musical "Ragtime", which opened on Broadway in January 1998. He received a 1998 Tony Award nomination for Best Actor in a Musical. He appeared in the 1999 revival of Cole Porter's "Kiss Me, Kate" as Fred Graham / Petruchio, winning the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical. He appeared on Broadway in "King Hedley II" in 2001 (Tony Award nomination) and "Man of La Mancha" in 2002 (Tony Award nomination).


title: Brian Stokes Mitchell

text: He appeared in the New York City Center Encores! staged concert productions of Jule Styne's "Do Re Mi" (1999), Bob Merrill's "Carnival!" (2002), "Kismet" (2006), and "The Band Wagon" in 2014.


title: Brian Stokes Mitchell

text: He played the title role in the 2002 Kennedy Center production of "Sweeney Todd", part of the Stephen Sondheim celebration.


title: Brian Stokes Mitchell

text: On June 9, 2005, Mitchell appeared in a concert version of the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical "South Pacific" at Carnegie Hall. He starred as Emile, alongside Reba McEntire as Nellie Forbush and Alec Baldwin as Luther Billis. The production was taped and telecast by PBS in 2006. Of his performance, Ben Brantley wrote in "The New York Times", "As for Mr. Mitchell, his place in the pantheon of romantic musical leads is now guaranteed."


title: Brian Stokes Mitchell

text: Playbill Records released his debut solo CD, "Brian Stokes Mitchell" on June 6, 2006. Mitchell has also performed in a Christmas concert with the Mormon Tabernacle Choir later released as a CD and DVD entitled "Ring Christmas Bells". His second solo CD, "Simply Broadway", was released October 30, 2012, by CD Baby.


title: Brian Stokes Mitchell

text: Mitchell returned to Broadway to star with Patti LuPone in the musical version of the Pedro Almodóvar film "Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown", which opened at the Belasco Theatre in November 2010.


title: Brian Stokes Mitchell

text: A new musical titled "Shuffle Along, or, the Making of the Musical Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed", based on the making of "Shuffle Along" opened on Broadway on March 14, 2016 in previews, officially on April 21 at the Music Box Theatre. Mitchell played "F.E. Miller", with Audra McDonald as "Lottie Gee", Billy Porter, Joshua Henry and Brandon Victor Dixon.


title: Brian Stokes Mitchell

text: Mitchell has a number of television and film credits, including the role of John Dolan in "" (1979), and a seven-year stint as Dr. Justin 'Jackpot' Jackson on "Trapper John, M.D." from 1979 to 1986. Mitchell made several appearances as a celebrity panelist on episodes of "$25,000 Pyramid" and "$100,000 Pyramid" in the 1980s, and was considered one of the game's better celebrity players, helping a contestant win the $100,000 grand prize on the latter show in February 1986. Mitchell also participated as a celebrity panelist in four weeks' worth of episodes of "The Match Game-Hollywood Squares Hour", a short-lived NBC game show that ran from 1983-1984. He played recurring roles as Hilary Banks' news anchor fiancé Trevor Newsworthy/Collins on "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air" and on "Frasier" as Dr. Frasier Crane's upstairs neighbor and nemesis Cam Winston. He supplied the singing voice of Jethro in the animated feature "The Prince of Egypt" (1998). He guest starred in March 2010 in "Ugly Betty" as Wilhelmina Slater's ex-boyfriend, Don.


title: Brian Stokes Mitchell

text: He appeared on the 57th episode of "Glee", titled "Heart" in 2012, and the 58th, titled "On My Way," as one of Rachel's dads (LeRoy) along with Jeff Goldblum.


title: Brian Stokes Mitchell

text: He also played a recurring role on the USA Network series "Mr. Robot" as Scott Knowles, CTO of E Corp. The series began in June 2015 and ended in December 2019.


title: Brian Stokes Mitchell

text: He has also done voice-overs for animation including "Animaniacs", "Capitol Critters", "Tiny Toon Adventures", "A Pup Named Scooby-Doo", "The Further Adventures of SuperTed", "Kid 'n Play", "New Kids on the Block", "Scooby-Doo! and the Reluctant Werewolf", "Gravedale High", "Potsworth & Co.", "Captain Planet and the Planeteers", "The Tom and Jerry Kids Show", "Yo Yogi!", "Fantastic Max", "Pound Puppies", "The Addams Family", "California Raisins", "The Angry Beavers", "James Bond Jr.", "", "Paddington Bear", "Pinky and the Brain", "Defenders of Dynatron City", "The Hot Rod Dogs and Cool Car Cats", "Droopy, Master Detective", "Denver, the Last Dinosaur", "Mighty Max", "Don Coyote & Sancho Panda", "Vampirina", and the two "Flintstones" animated movies "Hollyrock-a-Bye Baby" and "I Yabba-Dabba Do!".


title: Jeff Garcia

text: Jeffrey Jason Garcia (born February 24, 1970) is a former American football quarterback. After attending high school and junior college in Gilroy, California, Garcia played college football at San Jose State University.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: A four-time CFL All-Star and four-time NFL Pro Bowl selection, Garcia began his professional football career with the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL) as an undrafted free agent in 1994. In 1999, Garcia debuted in the National Football League (NFL) with the San Francisco 49ers. With the 49ers, Garcia made three Pro Bowl appearances (for the 2000, 2001, and 2002 seasons) and led the team to the playoffs in the 2001 and 2002 seasons. Afterwards, Garcia encountered a low point in his career, starting with a lackluster 2003 season with San Francisco then two losing seasons with the Cleveland Browns in 2004 and the Detroit Lions in 2005. With the Philadelphia Eagles, Garcia returned to form late in the 2006 season, starting for an injured Donovan McNabb and leading Philadelphia to the playoffs. Garcia joined the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 2007 and was the starting quarterback for most games of the 2007 and 2008 seasons. Again, Garcia led Tampa Bay to the playoffs in 2007 and made his fourth career Pro Bowl appearance.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: After his stint with Tampa, Garcia returned to the Philadelphia Eagles in 2009 and played only one game. In 2010, Garcia played for the Omaha Nighthawks of the United Football League. In 2011, Garcia signed with the Houston Texans but did not play a game with the team. The following year, Garcia joined the advisory board for the now defunct United States Football League.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: Garcia attended Gilroy High School in Gilroy, California, and was a letterman in football and basketball. As a senior at Gilroy High, Garcia was a South Santa Clara County selection for the Charlie Wedemeyer All-Star Football Game and played defensive back in the game. After graduating from Gilroy in 1988, Garcia attended Gavilan College, a local junior college. He was the starting quarterback on the football team for the 1989 season, in which he passed 2,038 yards for 18 touchdowns and rushed 584 yards for four touchdowns. After the season, Garcia earned junior college honorable mention All-America honors.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: In 1990, Garcia transferred to San Jose State University and redshirted his first year there. From 1991 to 1993, Garcia was starting quarterback on the San Jose State Spartans football team. Under Garcia, San Jose State went 6–4–1 in 1991, 7–4 in 1992, and 2–9 in 1993. In 1991, Garcia had a career-high 61.9% completion rate at San Jose State with 99-for-160 passing for 1,519 yards, 12 touchdowns, and 5 interceptions. He passed for 2,418 yards in 1992 on 209-for-371 passing with 15 touchdowns and 11 interceptions and a career-high 2,608 yards in 1993 on 196-for-356 passing, 21 touchdowns, and 16 interceptions. For his junior season in 1992, Garcia earned UPI All-America honors. As of 2007, Garcia had the most career offensive yards (7,274) in San Jose State history.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: Garcia is one of only twelve quarterbacks in NFL history who have achieved two consecutive thirty-touchdown passing seasons (2000 and 2001) at least one time in his career. The others are Philip Rivers, Steve Bartkowski, Drew Brees, Peyton Manning, Brett Favre, Dan Fouts, Dan Marino, Tom Brady, Aaron Rodgers, Y. A. Tittle, Eli Manning, Russell Wilson, Patrick Mahomes, and Josh Allen. He is also one of only thirteen quarterbacks to throw a 99-yard touchdown pass.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: At 6-foot-1 and 195 pounds, Garcia was considered too small for the National Football League and was not selected in the 1994 NFL Draft. In 1994, Garcia started his professional career in Calgary with the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League. He won a place on Calgary's roster as their third-string quarterback behind Doug Flutie and Steve Taylor when he threw two fourth-quarter touchdowns in his exhibition game appearance in 1994. Soon after he was named backup quarterback to Doug Flutie. Garcia took over as starter in 1995 when Flutie was sidelined midway through the season with an elbow injury. In his second start filling in for Flutie, Garcia set a team record with 546 passing yards and six touchdown passes in the Labour Day game against Edmonton touching off an eventual quarterback controversy among some fans when Flutie later returned. Flutie ended up starting over Garcia in the Grey Cup that year which the Stampeders lost. After Flutie signed as a free-agent with the Toronto Argonauts in 1996, Garcia took over as the Stampeders' starting quarterback. During Garcia's three years as starter, the Stampeders finished with records of 13–5, 10–8, and 12–6.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: In 1997, Garcia won the Jeff Nicklin Memorial Trophy, an award given to the Most Outstanding Player in the CFL Western Division. Garcia led the Stampeders to the Western Final in 1996 and to the Western Semi-Final in 1997. In 1998, he led the team to a Grey Cup victory over the Hamilton Tiger-Cats and was named Grey Cup MVP. Garcia's performance included an 80-yard, game-ending drive to set up the game-winning field goal on the last play of the game. Garcia was also named as the 1998 CFL All-Star at quarterback.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: Garcia was inducted to the Stampeders Wall of Fame on September 14, 2012, along with 5 others (Rudy Linterman, Gerry Shaw, Kelvin Anderson, Sig Gutsche, Norman Kwong).


title: Jeff Garcia

text: Following the Grey Cup victory, Garcia was signed as a backup to Steve Young with the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League. Over the summer, he had been fighting for a spot on the roster, but early in the 1999 season, Steve Young was hit by Arizona Cardinals CB Aeneas Williams and suffered his final professional concussion, knocking him out for the year. Garcia stepped in and shared time with former Stanford quarterback Steve Stenstrom finishing the season.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: Garcia won his first NFL start against the Tennessee Titans 24–22. After being benched for poor performances, Garcia was reinstated as the starting QB and in the final 5 games of the regular season, finished by tossing 8 TD passes to only 2 interceptions. Garcia finished his rookie season with 11 TDs and 11 INTs.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: The following season, with Young retired, and despite the 49ers drafting two quarterbacks (Giovanni Carmazzi in the third round and Tim Rattay in the seventh), Garcia kept the starting quarterback position and made his first Pro Bowl appearance. He set a new 49ers' team record with 4,278 passing yards in the 2000 season, although the team finished with a 6–10 record. Garcia finished the 2000 season, his first as a full-time starter with 31 TD passes to only 10 INTs. Garcia began the season on a tear, after 7 games, he had thrown for 19 TD passes, including 3 games of 4 TD passes.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: By the 2001 season, Garcia had become entrenched as the 49ers' starting quarterback. He had a career-high with 32 touchdown passes, including 21 over an eight-game span. With Garcia at quarterback, the 49ers made their first playoff appearance in almost two years, but fell to Green Bay 25–15 in the first round.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: 2002 saw Garcia's offensive production drop from 31 and 32 TDs in the previous 2 seasons, to only 21. But even though Garcia's numbers dropped, the 49ers won the NFC West for the first time since 1997, with the division-clinching game coming on a last-second TD pass to Terrell Owens against the Dallas Cowboys. The 49ers trailed the Cowboys 27–17 with under 7 minutes left in the game before Garcia picked apart the Cowboy secondary for 2 TD passes (one to Tai Streets and the game winner to Terrell Owens). Garcia completed 36 of 55 passes for 276 yards and 3 4th-quarter TD passes in the division-clinching win.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: On January 5, 2003, during the , Garcia led the 49ers to a comeback win over the New York Giants, the second largest comeback victory in NFL playoff history. In the third quarter, the Giants were up 38–14, with about eighteen minutes left to play. Once the 49ers regained possession of the ball, they began a comeback that saw 25 unanswered points, with San Francisco taking a 39–38 lead. The Giants lost an opportunity to retake the lead after a controversial call, and the improbable victory became the signature game of Garcia's 49er career. He threw for 331 yards, 3 touchdowns, 1 interception, and also ran for 60 yards and 1 touchdown.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: Garcia's favorite target while with the 49ers was WR Terrell Owens. In 2003, Garcia and Owens's relationship turned sour upon Garcia taking issue with Owens's public praise for the play of backup quarterback Tim Rattay. Garcia responded with a cryptic "we can not let the sickness spread" remark, prompting Owens to wear a surgeon's mask at the following practice. Following Owens's trade to Philadelphia, Owens was asked in a "Playboy" interview if he thought Garcia was gay, to which he responded, "If it looks like a rat and smells like a rat, by golly, it is a rat." Garcia called Owens' insinuations "ridiculous" and "untrue."


title: Jeff Garcia

text: Following his 2004 trade to Philadelphia, Owens began speaking out and criticizing Garcia for the 49ers' offensive struggles during the 2003 season (the 49ers finished 7–9, Garcia 18 TD passes, 13 INTs).


title: Jeff Garcia

text: Garcia revealed on multiple occasions that the pressure of following in the footsteps of Joe Montana and Steve Young had gotten to him.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: Upon his departure, Garcia said, "Have somebody step into my shoes and feel what I had to deal with throughout that whole time in San Francisco. The dust would start to settle, and all of a sudden, more fuel was thrown into the fire. It was such a negative situation."


title: Jeff Garcia

text: In Owens' first season with Jeff Garcia as his quarterback, Owens caught 60 passes and went on to have campaigns of 97, 93, 100 and 80 receptions over the next four seasons, two times leading the league in TD catches.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: The 2003 season was a disappointment for Garcia and the 49ers. Following their 2002 playoff loss at the hands of the eventual Super Bowl Champion Tampa Bay Buccaneers, the 49ers fired head coach Steve Mariucci and replaced him with former Seattle Seahawks coach Dennis Erickson, who promised a wide open and vertical passing game.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: Injuries to key players on both sides of the ball, and the often reckless play of Garcia, took a toll on him, as he missed three games during the season. The 49ers finished 7–9 and missed the playoffs for the first time in three seasons.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: Garcia signed a contract with the Cleveland Browns on March 9, 2004. Garcia was released by the Browns after the 2004 season, in which he struggled to find any consistency and battled with injuries. On September 19, 2004, Garcia completed 8 of 27 passes for 71 yards and 3 interceptions in a 19–12 loss to the Dallas Cowboys, resulting in a career-low passer rating of 0. Despite his struggles, Garcia tied the record for longest career pass play (99 yards) on a completion to André Davis on October 17, 2004, in a win against the Cincinnati Bengals.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: He was signed by the Detroit Lions to a one-year contract on March 12, 2005, to play for his former San Francisco head coach, Steve Mariucci, but Garcia broke his fibula in the fourth pre-season game against the Buffalo Bills on September 2, 2005. He started his first regular-season game as quarterback for the Lions on October 23, 2005, against his former teammates, the Browns. Garcia led the Lions to a 13–10 victory completing 22 of his 34 pass attempts for 210 yards, with one touchdown and zero interceptions.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: After the win, Mariucci named Garcia the starting quarterback for the remainder of the season, over Joey Harrington, the longtime Detroit starter. Garcia struggled later in the season and Harrington returned as the starter. Following the season, the Lions did not offer Garcia a new contract.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: On March 15, 2006, after consecutive frustrating seasons with the Browns and Lions, Garcia signed a one-year contract with the Philadelphia Eagles to serve as the primary backup to Donovan McNabb in 2006. McNabb had been lost to injury the previous season, and the Eagles went 1–6 without him and missed the playoffs just a year removed from their Super Bowl appearance. Because McNabb was already wearing number 5, Garcia had his jersey number changed to 7, previously worn in Philadelphia by Ron Jaworski.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: Following McNabb's season-ending knee injury in a game against the Tennessee Titans on November 19, 2006, Garcia entered the game. Coach Andy Reid named Garcia as the starting quarterback for the remainder of the season over fellow backup A. J. Feeley, despite Feeley's popularity in Philadelphia (Feeley had previously gone 4–1 in 2002 when McNabb was injured). Garcia's first start for the Eagles came against the Colts on Sunday Night Football.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: With a 45–21 loss to Indianapolis dropping the Eagles below .500, many sportscasters (namely Jimmy Johnson) predicted the Eagles to be out of contention for the rest of the season. However, Garcia led the Eagles to five consecutive victories and the NFC East division championship. The rejuvenated quarterback threw ten touchdowns and only two interceptions, while posting a QB rating of 95.8 in eight total games played. He also made the front cover of "Sports Illustrated" following his five-game winning streak. On January 7, 2007, Garcia earned only his second ever playoff win, throwing for 153 yards and one touchdown in a 23–20 victory over the Giants. On January 13, 2007, Garcia and the Eagles lost to the New Orleans Saints by a score of 27–24. He threw for 240 yards, 75 of which came on a touchdown to Donté Stallworth (setting the record for the longest passing touchdown in Eagles' postseason history).


title: Jeff Garcia

text: Though he stated that he would love to re-sign with Philadelphia, the Eagles decided not to offer Garcia a new contract after the season. The Eagles opted to instead sign the younger Feeley to a three-year deal, and avoid a potential quarterback controversy between Garcia and McNabb.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: After his run with the Eagles, Garcia signed with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on March 3, 2007, to compete for their starting position. Although his more familiar number 5 was available, Garcia decided to keep the number 7 he wore with the Eagles. He was named the Buccaneers' starting quarterback for 2007.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: Taking over the reins of a Buccaneers team that went 4–12 in 2006, Garcia led them to the NFC South division title. The Buccaneers lost to the eventual Super Bowl champion New York Giants, 24–14, in the . Garcia would be named to his fourth Pro Bowl that season, his first since 2002. The Buccaneers would not return to the playoffs until the 2020 season.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: In the 2008 season opener, Garcia left the game due to injury. Tampa would end up using a "quarterback by committee" rotation between Garcia, Brian Griese, and Luke McCown through the year. During a victory over the Seattle Seahawks, Garcia passed for 310 yards, surpassing 40,000 yards for his career when combining his statistics from both the CFL and NFL, becoming the twentieth player to accomplish the feat. The uncertainty at quarterback led to the Buccaneers losing their final four games in a row, dropping to 9–7 and out of the playoffs. They ultimately decided to move on from Garcia and not re-sign him in the offseason.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: Garcia signed a one-year deal with the Oakland Raiders on April 6, 2009. As he did in Tampa Bay, Bruce Gradkowski changed his number to 5 to allow Garcia to wear number 7. He was expected to back up JaMarcus Russell in the 2009 season, but was released during final cuts on September 5, 2009.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: After Eagles' quarterback Donovan McNabb suffered a fractured rib in week one, the Eagles signed Garcia to a one-year contract on September 14, 2009. He was released on September 29, following Michael Vick's return from suspension. During this short stint with the Eagles, he wore jersey number 9.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: Garcia was one of the signature players of the United Football League and his former team, the Omaha Nighthawks. He won two offensive player of the week awards during the 2010 season having produced a game-winning drive in two separate games.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: On December 6, 2011, Garcia signed with the Houston Texans, following an injury to starting quarterback Matt Schaub. Jake Delhomme was also signed by Houston, as both he and Garcia would back up T. J. Yates.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: Garcia joined the advisory board of the revival of the United States Football League (USFL) in May 2012. In August 2014 Garcia was hired as an offensive consultant by the Montreal Alouettes of the CFL. Just days later he was named the Alouettes' quarterbacks coach. In May 2015, the Los Angeles Rams hired Garcia as an offensive assistant which lasted for one season. Garcia has shown interest in developing the skills and mechanics in other quarterbacks, as he has worked with Matt McGloin, Mark Sanchez, and Tyrod Taylor. Garcia has also expressed his interest in developing Colin Kaepernick's mechanics and skills as well.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: Garcia is the third of seven children born to Bob and Linda (née Elder) Garcia. His father is a former athletic director and football coach at Gavilan College in his hometown of Gilroy, California. A pair of twin girls died before Garcia's birth. His younger brother Jason drowned on a family camping trip in 1977 when Garcia was seven, and fourteen months later his younger sister Kimberly died after falling out of a truck. His two surviving sisters, Jene and Melissa, were born after the deaths of Jason and Kimberly. Garcia has said that much of his drive stems from trying to make his parents happy after the deaths of his siblings.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: In January 2004, Garcia was arrested for driving under the influence. His blood alcohol content (BAC) was measured at .237 percent.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: His maternal grandfather, Maurice "Red" Elder, was a football star at Kansas State University in the 1930s; both played in the East–West Shrine Game while in college, the only grandfather-grandson duo to do so. Elder was a longtime coach at Gilroy High School. Garcia donated money to refurbish the athletic field at the school, and in 2005, the field was renamed Garcia-Elder Field to honor both of them.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: Garcia, who is of Mexican and Irish heritage, has also done various charitable work in support of the Hispanic Scholarship Fund.


title: Jeff Garcia

text: On April 21, 2007, Garcia married Carmella DeCesare, an American model who was "Playboy" magazine's Miss April 2003 and Playmate of the Year for 2004 at the CordeValle Resort in San Martin, California. They have four children. In a Christmas Day 2020 reply to a poster on his Instagram account, Garcia stated that he and DeCesare were divorced, saying, "Things happen but we are still great friends and co parent our beautiful 4 kids together. All is good man."


title: Jeff Garcia

text: Garcia and DeCesare founded the Garcia Pass It On Foundation in order to share resources with people in less fortunate circumstances. The Foundation is closed.


title: Roger Casement

text: Roger David Casement (; 1 September 1864 – 3 August 1916), known as Sir Roger Casement, CMG, between 1911 and 1916, was a diplomat and Irish nationalist executed by the United Kingdom for treason during World War I. He worked for the British Foreign Office as a diplomat, becoming known as a humanitarian activist, and later as a poet and Easter Rising leader. Described as the "father of twentieth-century human rights investigations", he was honoured in 1905 for the Casement Report on the Congo and knighted in 1911 for his important investigations of human rights abuses in the rubber industry in Peru.


title: Roger Casement

text: In Africa as a young man, Casement first worked for commercial interests before joining the British Colonial Service. In 1891 he was appointed as a British consul, a profession he followed for more than 20 years. Influenced by the Boer War and his investigation into colonial atrocities against indigenous peoples, Casement grew to mistrust imperialism. After retiring from consular service in 1913, he became more involved with Irish republicanism and other separatist movements.


title: Roger Casement

text: During World War I, he made efforts to gain German military aid for the 1916 Easter Rising that sought to gain Irish independence. He was arrested, convicted and executed for high treason. He was stripped of his knighthood and other honours. Before the trial, the British government circulated excerpts said to be from his private journals, known as the "Black Diaries", which detailed homosexual activities. Given prevailing views and existing laws on homosexuality, this material undermined support for clemency for Casement. Debates have continued about these diaries: a handwriting comparison study in 2002 concluded that Casement had written the diaries, but this was still contested by some.


title: Roger Casement

text: Casement was born in Dublin to an Anglo-Irish family, and lived in very early childhood at Doyle's Cottage, Lawson Terrace, Sandycove, a terrace that no longer exists, but that was on Sandycove Road between what is now Fitzgerald's pub and The Butler's Pantry delicatessen.


title: Roger Casement

text: His father, Captain Roger Casement of the (King's Own) Regiment of Dragoons, was the son of Hugh Casement, a Belfast shipping merchant who went bankrupt and later moved to Australia. Captain Casement had served in the 1842 Afghan campaign. He travelled to Europe to fight as a volunteer in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 but arrived after the Surrender at Világos. After the family moved to England, Roger's mother, Anne Jephson (or Jepson), of a Dublin Anglican family, purportedly had him secretly baptised at the age of three as a Roman Catholic in Rhyl, Wales. However, the priest who arranged his baptism in 1916 clearly stated that the claimed earlier baptism had been in Aberystwyth, 80 miles from Rhyl, raising the question as to why such a supposedly-important event should also become so misremembered.


title: Roger Casement

text: According to an 1892 letter, Casement believed his mother was descended from the Jephson family of Mallow, County Cork but the Jephson family's historian provides no evidence of this. The family lived in England in genteel poverty; Roger's mother died when he was nine. His father took the family back to Ireland to County Antrim to live near paternal relatives. When Casement was 13 years old, his father died in Ballymena, and he was left dependent on the charity of relatives, the Youngs and the Casements. He was educated at the Diocesan School, Ballymena (later the Ballymena Academy). He left school at 16 and went to England to work as a clerk with Elder Dempster, a Liverpool shipping company headed by Alfred Lewis Jones.


title: Roger Casement

text: Roger Casement's brother, Thomas Hugh Jephson Casement (1863–1939), had a roving life at sea and as a soldier, and later helped establish the Irish Coastguard Service. He was the inspiration for a character in Denis Johnston's play "The Moon in the Yellow River". He drowned in Dublin's Grand Canal on 6 March 1939, having threatened suicide.


title: Roger Casement

text: In a recollection of Casement, which conceivably is coloured by knowledge of his subsequent fate, Ernest Hambloch, Casement's deputy during his consular posting to Brazil, recalls an "unexpected" figure: tall, ungainly; "elaborately courteous" but with "a good deal of pose about him, as though he was afraid of being caught off his guard". "An easy talker and a fluent writer", he could “expound a case, but not argue it". His greatest charm, of which he seemed "quite unconscious" was his voice, which was "very musical." The eyes were "kindly", but not given to laughter: "a sense of humour might have saved him from many things".


title: Roger Casement

text: Joseph Conrad's first impressions of Casement, from an encounter in the Congo he judged "a positive piece of good luck", was "thinks, speaks, well, most intelligent and very sympathetic". Later, "after" Casement's arrest and trial, Conrad had more critical thoughts: "Already in Africa, I judged he was a man, properly speaking, of no mind at all. I don't mean stupid. I mean that he was all emotion. By emotional force (Putumayo, Congo report etc) he made his way, and sheer temperament—a truly tragic figure."


title: Roger Casement

text: Casement worked in the Congo for Henry Morton Stanley and the African International Association from 1884; this association became known as a front for King Leopold II of Belgium in his takeover of what became the so-called Congo Free State. Casement worked on a survey to improve communication and recruited and supervised workmen in building a railroad to bypass the lower 220 miles of the Congo River, which is made unnavigable by cataracts, in order to improve transportation and trade to the Upper Congo. During his commercial work, he learned African languages.


title: Roger Casement

text: In 1890 Casement met Joseph Conrad, who had come to the Congo to pilot a merchant ship, "Le Roi des Belges" ("King of the Belgians"). Both were inspired by the idea that "European colonisation would bring moral and social progress to the continent and free its inhabitants 'from slavery, paganism and other barbarities.' Each would soon learn the gravity of his error." Conrad published his short novel "Heart of Darkness" in 1899, exploring the colonial ills. Casement later exposed the conditions he found in the Congo during an official investigation for the British government. In these formative years, he also met Herbert Ward, and they became longtime friends. Ward left Africa in 1889, and devoted his time to becoming an artist, and his experience there strongly influenced his work.


title: Roger Casement

text: Casement joined the Colonial Service, under the authority of the Colonial Office, first serving overseas as a clerk in British West Africa. In August 1901 he transferred to the Foreign Office service as British consul in the eastern part of the French Congo. In 1903 the Balfour Government commissioned Casement, then its consul at Boma in the Congo Free State, to investigate the human rights situation in that colony of the Belgian king, Leopold II. Setting up a private army known as the "Force Publique", Leopold had squeezed revenue out of the people of the territory through a reign of terror in the harvesting and export of rubber and other resources. In trade, Belgium shipped guns, whips ("chicotte") and other materials to the Congo, used chiefly to suppress the local people.


title: Roger Casement

text: Casement travelled for weeks in the upper Congo Basin to interview people throughout the region, including workers, overseers and mercenaries. He delivered a long, detailed eyewitness report to the Crown that exposed abuses: "the enslavement, mutilation, and torture of natives on the rubber plantations." It became known as the "Casement Report" of 1904. King Leopold had held the Congo Free State since 1885, when the Berlin Conference of European powers and the United States effectively gave him free rein in the area.


title: Roger Casement

text: Leopold had exploited the territory's natural resources (mostly rubber) as a private entrepreneur, not as king of the Belgians. Using violence and murder against men and their families, Leopold's private Force Publique had decimated many native villages in the course of forcing the men to gather rubber and abusing them to increase productivity. Casement's report provoked controversy, and some companies with a business interest in the Congo rejected its findings, as did Casement's former boss, Alfred Lewis Jones.


title: Roger Casement

text: When the report was made public, opponents of Congolese conditions formed interest groups, such as the Congo Reform Association, founded by E. D. Morel with Casement's support, and demanded action to relieve the situation of the Congolese. Other European nations followed suit, as did the United States. The British Parliament demanded a meeting of the 14 signatory powers to review the 1885 Berlin Agreement defining interests in Africa. The Belgian Parliament, pushed by Socialist leader Emile Vandervelde and other critics of the king's Congolese policy, forced Léopold to set up an independent commission of inquiry. In 1905, despite Léopold's efforts, it confirmed the essentials of Casement's report. On 15 November 1908, the parliament of Belgium took over the Congo Free State from Léopold and organised its administration as the Belgian Congo.


title: Roger Casement

text: In 1906 the Foreign Office sent Casement to Brazil: first as consul in Santos, then transferred to Pará, and lastly promoted to consul-general in Rio de Janeiro. He was attached as a consular representative to a commission investigating rubber slavery by the Peruvian Amazon Company (PAC), which had been registered in Britain in 1908 and had a British board of directors and numerous stockholders. In September 1909, a journalist named Sidney Paternoster wrote in "Truth", a British magazine, of abuses against PAC workers and competing Colombians in the disputed region of the Peruvian Amazon.


title: Roger Casement

text: In addition, the British consul at Iquitos had said that Barbadians, considered British subjects as part of the empire, had been ill-treated while working for PAC, which gave the government a reason to intervene. Ordinarily it could not investigate the internal affairs of another country. American civil engineer Walter Hardenburg had told Paternoster of witnessing a joint PAC and Peruvian military action against a Colombian rubber station, which they destroyed, stealing the rubber. He also saw Peruvian Indians whose backs were marked by severe whipping, in a pattern called the Mark of Arana (the head of the rubber company), and reported other abuses.


title: Roger Casement

text: PAC, with its operational headquarters in Iquitos, dominated the city and the region. The area was separated from the main population of Peru by the Andes, and it was 1900 miles from the Amazon's mouth at Pará. The British-registered company was effectively controlled by the archetypal rubber baron Julio César Arana and his brother. Born in Lima, Arana had climbed out of poverty to own and operate a company harvesting great quantities of rubber in the Peruvian Amazon, which was much in demand on the world market. The rubber boom had led to expansion in Iquitos as a trading center, as all the company rubber was shipped down the Amazon River from there to the Atlantic port. Numerous foreigners had flocked to the area seeking their fortunes in the rubber boom, or at least some piece of the business. The rough frontier city, both respectable businesses and the vice district, was highly dependent on the PAC.


title: Roger Casement

text: Casement traveled to the Putumayo District, where the rubber was harvested deep in the Amazon Basin, and explored the treatment of the local Indians of Peru. The isolated area was outside the reach of the national government and near the border with Colombia, which periodically made incursions in competition for the rubber. For years, the Indians had been forced into unpaid labor by field staff of the PAC, who exerted absolute power over them and subjected them to near starvation, severe physical abuse, rape of women and girls by the managers and overseers, branding and casual murder. Casement found conditions as inhumane as those in the Congo. He interviewed both the Putumayo and men who had abused them, including three Barbadians who had also suffered from conditions of the company. When the report was publicised, there was public outrage in Britain over the abuses. Casement made two lengthy visits to the region, first in 1910 with a commission of investigators.


title: Roger Casement

text: Casement's report has been described as a "brilliant piece of journalism", as he wove together first-person accounts by both "victims and perpetrators of atrocities ... Never before had distant colonial subjects been given such personal voices in an official document." After his report was made to the British government, some wealthy board members of the PAC were horrified by what they learned. Arana and the Peruvian government promised to make changes. In 1911, the British government asked Casement to return to Iquitos and Putumayo to see if promised changes in treatment had occurred. In a report to the British foreign secretary, dated 17 March 1911, Casement detailed the rubber company's continued use of pillories to punish the Indians:Men, women, and children were confined in them for days, weeks, and often months. ... Whole families ... were imprisonedfathers, mothers, and children, and many cases were reported of parents dying thus, either from starvation or from wounds caused by flogging, while their offspring were attached alongside of them to watch in misery themselves the dying agonies of their parents.


title: Roger Casement

text: After his return to Britain, Casement repeated his extra-consular campaigning work by organising interventions by the Anti-Slavery and Aborigines' Protection Society and Catholic missions in the region. Some of the company men exposed as killers in his 1910 report were charged by Peru, while most fled the region and were never captured. Some entrepreneurs had smuggled out cuttings from rubber plants and began cultivation in southeast Asia in colonies of the British Empire. The scandal of the PAC caused major losses in business to the company, and rubber demand began to be met by farmed rubber in other parts of the world. With the collapse of business for PAC, most foreigners left Iquitos and it quickly returned to its former status as an isolated backwater. For a period, the Putumayo Indians were largely left alone. Arana was never prosecuted as head of the company. He lived in London for years, then returned to Peru. Despite the scandal associated with Casement's report and international pressure on the Peruvian government to change conditions, Arana later had a successful political career. He was elected a senator and died in Lima, Peru in 1952, aged 88.


title: Roger Casement

text: Casement wrote extensively for his private record (as always) in those two years. During this period he continued to write in his diaries, and the one for 1911 was described as being unusually discursive. He kept them in London along with the 1903 diary and other papers of the period, presumably so they could be consulted in his continuing work as "Congo Casement" and as the saviour of the Putumayo Indians. In 1911 Casement received a knighthood for his efforts on behalf of the Amazonian Indians, having been appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in 1905 for his Congo work.


title: Roger Casement

text: In Ireland in 1904, on leave from Africa from that year until 1905, Casement joined the Gaelic League, an organisation established in 1893 to preserve and revive the spoken and literary use of the Irish language. He met the leaders of the powerful Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP) to lobby for his work in the Congo. He did not support those, like the IPP, who proposed Home Rule, as he believed that the House of Lords would veto such efforts. Casement was more impressed by Arthur Griffith's new Sinn Féin party (founded 1905), which called for an independent Ireland (through a non-violent series of strikes and boycotts). Its sole imperial tie would be a dual monarchy between Britain and Ireland, modeled on the policy example of Ferenc Deák in Hungary. Casement joined the party in 1905.


title: Roger Casement

text: In a letter to Mrs. J. R. Green, dated 20th April 1906 reflected on his conversion to the national cause as someone had "accepted imperialism" and had been close to an "ideal" Englishman. It is a mistake for an Irishman to mix himself up with the English. He is bound to do one of two things—either to go to the wall if he remains Irish or to become an Englishman himself. You see I very nearly did become one once. At the Boer War time, I had been away from Ireland for years, out of touch with everything native to my heart and mind, trying hard to do my duty, and every fresh act of duty made me appreciably nearer the ideal of the Englishman. I had accepted Imperialism. British rule was to be accepted at all costs, because it was the best for everyone under the sun, and those who opposed that extension ought rightly to be 'smashed.' I was on the high road to being a regular Imperialist jingo—although at heart underneath all, and unsuspected almost by myself, I had remained an Irishman. Well, the war, [i.e., the Boer War] gave me qualms at the end—the concentration camps bigger ones—and finally, when up in those lonely Congo forests where I found Leopold I found also myself, the incorrigible Irishman"."


title: Roger Casement

text: In the north, through his sister, Nina, in Portrush, and his close friends in London, Robert Lynd and Sylvia Dryhurst, Casement was drawn into the orbit of Francis Joseph Bigger. A wealthy Presbyterian solicitor, at his house on the northern shore of Belfast Lough, "Ard Righ", Bigger hosted not only the poets and writers of the "Northern Revival""," but also, and critically for Casement, Ulster Protestants committed to taking the case for an Irish Ireland to their co-relgionists. These included Ada McNeil, with whom Casement helped organise the first "Feis na nGleann" (Festival of the Glens) at Waterfoot (Co. Antrim) in 1904, Bulmer Hobson (later of the IRB), the Nationalist MP Stephen Gwynn, and the Gaelic League activist Alice Milligan.


title: Roger Casement

text: Casement retired from the British consular service in the summer of 1913. In October het spoke at a Protestant assembly at Ballymoney Town Hall organised by James Connolly's comrade in the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union, Jack White. On a platform with Ada McNeill, the historian Alice Stopford Green, and the veteran tenant-right activist J. B. Armour, he spoke to the motion disputing the claim of Edward Carson and his unionists "to represent the Protestant community of North East Ulster", and condemning the prospect of "lawless resistance" to Home Rule.


title: Roger Casement

text: Enthused by the meeting, which had been covered by all the London and Irish papers, Casement resolved to replicate the Ballymoney meeting across Ulster, starting with Coleraine. But the Unionist controlled council refused to allow the group access to the local Town Hall, and nothing came of it. Meanwhile an anti-Home Rule meeting addressed by Carson's lieutenant Sir James Craig, then organising the Ulster Volunteers, not only filled the Ballymoney Town Hall but had the crowd spilling out into the surrounding streets. In the event, the Ballymoney Protestant "Protest Against the Lawles Policy of Carsonism" proved to be the only meeting of its kind held anywhere in Ulster.


title: Roger Casement

text: Already in November 1913, Casement had begun focussing on responding to "Carsonism" in kind: he became a Gaelic League member of the Provisional Committee of the Irish Volunteers launched at a meeting in the Rotunda in Dublin. At the same time White and Connolly at the ITGWU formed the Irish Citizen Army. In April 1914, he had been together with Alice Milligan in Larne shortly after Craig had had German guns run through the port, a feat Casement told her nationalists would have to match.


title: Roger Casement

text: In July 1914, Casement journeyed to the United States to promote and raise money for the Volunteers among the large and numerous Irish community there. Through his friendship with men such as Bulmer Hobson, a member both of the Volunteers and of the secret Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), Casement established connections with exiled Irish nationalists, particularly "Clan na Gael".


title: Roger Casement

text: Elements of the suspicious "Clan" did not trust Casement completely, as he was not a member of the IRB and held views they considered too moderate but others, such as John Quinn, regarded him as extreme. Devoy, initially hostile to Casement for his part in conceding control of the Irish Volunteers to John Redmond, was won over in June, and Joseph McGarrity, another "Clan" leader, became devoted to Casement and remained so from then on. The Howth gun-running in late July 1914, which Casement had helped to organise and (with a loan from Alice Stopford Green) finance, further enhanced his reputation.


title: Roger Casement

text: In August 1914, at the outbreak of World War I, Casement and John Devoy arranged a meeting in New York with the western hemisphere's top-ranking German diplomat, Count Bernstorff, to propose a mutually beneficial plan: if Germany would sell guns to the Irish revolutionaries and provide military leaders, the Irish would revolt against England, diverting troops and attention from the war with Germany. Bernstorff appeared sympathetic. Casement and Devoy sent an envoy, "Clan na Gael" president John Kenny, to present their plan personally. Kenny, while unable to meet the German Emperor, did receive a warm reception from the German ambassador to Italy Hans von Flotow, and from Prince von Bülow.


title: Roger Casement

text: In October 1914, Casement sailed for Germany via Norway, traveling in disguise and seeing himself as an ambassador of the Irish nation. While the journey was his idea, "Clan na Gael" financed the expedition. During their stop in Christiania, his companion Adler Christensen was taken to the British legation, where a reward was allegedly offered if Casement were "knocked on the head". British diplomat Mansfeldt Findlay, in contrast, advised London that Christensen had "implied that their relations were of an unnatural nature and that consequently he had great power over this man". Findlay provided no evidence to support this insinuation.


title: Roger Casement

text: Findlay's handwritten letter of 1914 is kept in University College, Dublin, and is viewable online. This letter—written on official notepaper by Minister Findlay at the British Legation in Oslo—offers to Christensen the sum of £5,000 plus immunity from prosecution and free passage to the United States in return for information leading to the capture of Roger Casement. That amount would be approximately £2,616,000 in 2014.


title: Roger Casement

text: In November 1914, Casement negotiated a declaration by Germany which stated:The Imperial Government formally declares that under no circumstances would Germany invade Ireland with a view to its conquest or the overthrow of any native institutions in that country. Should the fortune of this Great War, that was not of Germany's seeking, ever bring in its course German troops to the shores of Ireland, they would land there not as an army of invaders to pillage and destroy but as the forces of a Government that is inspired by goodwill towards a country and people for whom Germany desires only national prosperity and national freedom.


title: Roger Casement

text: Casement spent most of his time in Germany seeking to recruit an Irish Brigade from among more than 2,000 Irish prisoners-of-war taken in the early months of the war and held in the prison camp of Limburg an der Lahn. His plan was that they would be trained to fight against Britain in the cause of Irish independence. American Ambassador to Germany James W. Gerard mentioned the effort in his memoir "Four Years in Germany": The Germans collected all the soldier prisoners of Irish nationality in one camp at Limburg not far from Frankfurt a. M. There efforts were made to induce them to join the German army. The men were well treated and were often visited by Sir Roger Casement who, working with the German authorities, tried to get these Irishmen to desert their flag and join the Germans. A few weaklings were persuaded by Sir Roger who finally discontinued his visits, after obtaining about thirty recruits, because the remaining Irishmen chased him out of the camp.


title: Roger Casement

text: On 27 December 1914 Casement signed an agreement in Berlin to this effect with Arthur Zimmermann in the German Foreign Office, renouncing all his titles in a letter to British Foreign Secretary dated 1 February 1915. Fifty-two of the 2000 prisoners volunteered for the Brigade. Contrary to German promises, they received no training in the use of machine guns, which at the time were relatively new and unfamiliar weapons.


title: Roger Casement

text: During World War I, Casement is known to have been involved in the German-backed plan by Indians to win their freedom from the British Raj, the "Hindu–German Conspiracy", recommending Joseph McGarrity to Franz von Papen as an intermediary. The Indian nationalists may also have followed Casement's strategy of trying to recruit prisoners of war to fight for Indian independence.


title: Roger Casement

text: Both efforts proved unsuccessful. In addition to finding it difficult to ally with the Germans while held as prisoners, potential recruits to Casement's brigade knew they would be liable to the death penalty as traitors if Britain won the war. In April 1916, Germany offered the Irish 20,000 Mosin–Nagant 1891 rifles, ten machine guns and accompanying ammunition, but no German officers; it was a fraction of the quantity of the arms Casement had hoped for, with no military expertise on offer.


title: Roger Casement

text: Casement did not learn about the Easter Rising until after the plan was fully developed. The German weapons never landed in Ireland; the Royal Navy intercepted the ship transporting them, a German cargo vessel named the "Libau", disguised as a Norwegian vessel, "Aud-Norge". All the crew were German sailors, but their clothes and effects, even the charts and books on the bridge, were Norwegian. As John Devoy had either misunderstood or disobeyed Pearse's instructions that the arms were under no circumstances to land before Easter Sunday, the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union (TGWU) members set to unload the arms under the command of Irish Citizen Army officer and trade unionist William Partridge were not ready. The IRB men sent to meet the boat drove off a pier and drowned.


title: Roger Casement

text: The British had intercepted German communications coming from Washington and suspected that there was going to be an attempt to land arms at Ireland, although they were not aware of the precise location. The arms ship, under Captain Karl Spindler, was apprehended by HMS "Bluebell" on the late afternoon of Good Friday. About to be escorted into Queenstown (present-day Cobh), County Cork on the morning of Saturday 22 April, Captain Spindler scuttled the ship by pre-set explosive charges. Its surviving crew became prisoners of war.


title: Roger Casement

text: Casement confided his personal papers to Dr Charles Curry, with whom he had stayed at Riederau on the Ammersee, before he left Germany. He departed with Robert Monteith and Sergeant Daniel Beverley (Bailey) of the Irish Brigade in a submarine, initially the , which developed engine trouble, and then the , shortly after the "Aud" sailed. According to Monteith, Casement believed the Germans were toying with him from the start and providing inadequate aid that would doom a rising to failure. He wanted to reach Ireland before the shipment of arms and to convince Eoin MacNeill (who he believed was still in control) to cancel the rising.


title: Roger Casement

text: Casement sent John McGoey, a recently arrived Irish-American, through Denmark to Dublin, ostensibly to advise what military aid was coming from Germany and when, but with Casement's orders "to get the Heads in Ireland to call off the rising and merely try to land the arms and distribute them". McGoey did not reach Dublin, nor did his message. His fate was unknown until recently. Evidently abandoning the Irish Nationalist cause, he joined the Royal Navy in 1916, survived the war, and later returned to the United States, where he died in an accident on a building site in 1925.


title: Roger Casement

text: In the early hours of 21 April 1916, three days before the rising began, the German submarine put Casement ashore at Banna Strand in Tralee Bay, County Kerry – the boat used is now in the Imperial War Museum in London. Suffering from a recurrence of the malaria that had plagued him since his days in the Congo, and too weak to travel, he was discovered by a sergeant of the Royal Irish Constabulary at McKenna's Fort, an ancient ring fort in Rahoneen, Ardfert now renamed Casement's Fort. They arrested Casement on charges of high treason, sabotage and espionage against the Crown. He sent word to Dublin about the inadequate German assistance. The Kerry Brigade of the Irish Volunteers might have tried to rescue him over the next three days, but its leadership in Dublin held that not a shot was to be fired in Ireland before the Easter Rising was in train and therefore ordered the Brigade to "do nothing" – a subsequent internal inquiry attached "no blame whatsoever" to the local Volunteers for failing to attempt a rescue. "He was taken to Brixton Prison to be placed under special observation for fear of an attempt of suicide. There was no staff at the Tower [of London] to guard suicidal cases."


title: Roger Casement

text: At Casement's ensuing highly publicised trial for high treason, the prosecution had trouble arguing its case. Casement's crimes had been carried out in Germany and the Treason Act 1351 seemed to apply only to activities carried out on English (or arguably British) soil. A close reading of the Act allowed for a broader interpretation: the court decided that a comma should be read in the unpunctuated original Norman-French text, crucially altering the sense so that "in the realm or elsewhere" referred to where acts were done and not just to where the "King's enemies" might be. Afterwards, Casement himself wrote that he was to be "hanged on a comma", leading to the well-used epigram.


title: Roger Casement

text: During his trial, the prosecution (F. E. Smith), who had admired some of Casement's work before he went over to the Germans, informally suggested to the defence barrister (A. M. Sullivan) that they should jointly produce what are now called the "Black Diaries" in evidence, as this would most likely cause the court to find Casement "guilty but insane" and save his life. Casement refused to agree to this and was subsequently found guilty and sentenced to be hanged. Before and during the trial and appeal, the British government secretly circulated some excerpts from Casement's journals, exposing Casement as a "sexual deviant". These included numerous explicit accounts of sexual activity. This aroused public opinion against him and influenced those notables who might otherwise have tried to intervene. Given societal norms and the illegality of homosexuality at the time, support for Casement's reprieve declined in some quarters. The journals became known in the 1950s as the "Black Diaries" and are still in the National Archives, whilst most of the other exhibits from the trial are in the Crime Museum in London.


title: Roger Casement

text: Casement unsuccessfully appealed against his conviction and death sentence. Those who pleaded for clemency for Casement included Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, who was acquainted with Casement through the work of the Congo Reform Association, poet W. B. Yeats, and playwright George Bernard Shaw. Joseph Conrad could not forgive Casement, nor could Casement's longtime friend, the sculptor Herbert Ward, whose son Charles had been killed on the Western Front that January, and who would change the name of Casement's godson, who had been named after him. Members of the Casement family in Antrim contributed discreetly to the defence fund, although they had sons in the British Army and Navy. A United States Senate appeal against the death sentence was rejected by the British cabinet on the insistence of prosecutor F. E. Smith, an opponent of Irish independence.


title: Roger Casement

text: Casement's knighthood was forfeited on 29 June 1916. On the day of his execution by hanging at Pentonville Prison, 3 August 1916, Casement was received into the Catholic Church at his request. He was attended by two Catholic priests, Dean Timothy Ring and Father James Carey, from the East London parish of SS Mary and Michael. The latter, also known as James McCarroll, said of Casement that he was "a saint ... we should be praying to him [Casement] instead of for him". At the time of his death he was 51 years old.


title: Roger Casement

text: Casement's body was buried in quicklime in the prison cemetery at the rear of Pentonville Prison, where he had been hanged, though his last wish was to be buried at Murlough Bay on the north coast of County Antrim, in present-day Northern Ireland. During the decades after his execution, successive British governments refused many formal requests for repatriation of Casement's remains. For example, in September 1953 Taoiseach Éamon de Valera, on a visit to Prime Minister Winston Churchill in Downing Street, requested the return of the remains. Churchill said he was not personally opposed to the idea but would consult with his colleagues and take legal advice. He ultimately turned down the Irish request, citing "specific and binding" legal obligations that the remains of executed prisoners could not be exhumed. De Valera disputed the legal advice and responded:


title: Roger Casement

text: Finally, in 1965 Casement's remains were repatriated to Ireland. Despite the annulment, or withdrawal, of his knighthood in 1916, the 1965 UK Cabinet record of the repatriation decision refers to him as "Sir Roger Casement". Contrary to Casement's wishes, Prime Minister Harold Wilson's government had released the remains only on condition that they could "not" be brought into Northern Ireland, as "the government feared that a reburial there could provoke Catholic celebrations and Protestant reactions."


title: Roger Casement

text: Casement's remains lay in state at the Garrison Church, Arbour Hill (now Arbour Hill Prison) in Dublin city for five days, close to the graves of other leaders of the 1916 Easter Rising, but would not be buried beside them. After a state funeral, the remains were buried with full military honours in the Republican plot in Glasnevin Cemetery in Dublin,


title: Roger Casement

text: alongside other Irish republicans and nationalists. The President of Ireland, Éamon de Valera, then (in his mid-eighties) the last surviving leader of the Easter Rising, attended the ceremony, along with an estimated 30,000 others.


title: Roger Casement

text: British officials have claimed that Casement kept the "Black Diaries", a set of diaries covering the years 1903, 1910 and 1911 (twice). Jeffrey Dudgeon, who published an edition of all the diaries said, "His homosexual life was almost entirely out of sight and disconnected from his career and political work". If genuine, the diaries reveal Casement was a homosexual who had many partners, had a fondness for young men and mostly paid for sex.


title: Roger Casement

text: In 1916 after Casement's conviction for high treason, the British government circulated alleged photographs of pages of the diary to individuals campaigning for the commutation of Casement's death sentence. At a time of strong conservatism, not least among Irish Catholics, publicising the "Black Diaries" and Casement's alleged homosexuality undermined support for him. The question of whether the diaries are genuine or forgeries has been much debated. The diaries were declassified for limited inspection (by persons approved by the Home Office) in August 1959. The original diaries may be seen at the British National Archives in Kew. Historians and biographers of Casement's life have taken opposing views. Roger McHugh (in 1976) and Angus Mitchell (in 2000 and later) regard the diaries as forged. In 2012, Mitchell published several articles in the "Field Day Review" of the University of Notre Dame.


title: Roger Casement

text: In 2005 the Royal Irish Academy, Dublin published "The Giles Report", a private report on the "Black Diaries" written in 2002. Two US forensic-document examiners reviewed the Giles Report; both were critical of it. James Horan stated, "As editor of the "Journal of Forensic Sciences" and "The Journal of the American Society of Questioned Document Examiners", I would not recommend publication of the Giles Report because the report does not show how its conclusion was reached. To the question, 'Is the writing Roger Casement's?' on the basis of the Giles Report as it stands, my answer would have to be I cannot tell."


title: Roger Casement

text: Marcel Matley, a second document examiner, stated, "Even if every document examined were the authentic writing of Casement, this report does nothing to establish the fact." A very brief expert opinion in 1959 by a Home Office employee failed to identify Casement as author of the diaries. This opinion is almost unknown and does not appear in the Casement literature. As late as July 2015 the UK National Archives ambiguously described the "Black Diaries" as "attributed to Roger Casement", while at the same time unambiguously declaring their satisfaction with the result of the private Giles Report.


title: Roger Casement

text: Mario Vargas Llosa presented a mixed account of Casement's sexuality in his 2010 novel, "The Dream of the Celt", suggesting that Casement wrote partially fictional diaries of what he wished had taken place in homosexual encounters. Dudgeon suggested in a 2013 article that Casement needed to be "sexless" to fit his role as a Catholic martyr in the nationalist movement of the time. Dudgeon writes, "The evidence that Casement was a busy homosexual is in his own words and handwriting in the diaries, and is colossally convincing because of its detail and extent."


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: Diya Aur Baati Hum () is an Indian television soap opera that aired on Star Plus from 29 August 2011 to 10 September 2016 completing 1,487 episodes. Produced under Shashi Sumeet Productions. It starred Anas Rashid and Deepika Singh.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: Set on the backdrop of Pushkar, Rajasthan, "Diya Aur Baati Hum" focused on breaking the stereotypical image of women in rural India by showing the inspirational journey of Sandhya Rathi, whose ambition is to become an IPS officer. She achieves her goal with the help of her husband, Sooraj, by going against all odds.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: A sequel series, "Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh, Piyaji" starring Rhea Sharma and Avinesh Rekhi aired from 3 April 2017 to 1 June 2018.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: Ambitious and educated, Sandhya Kothari aspires to fulfill her dream of being an IPS officer for her father Arvind. Sooraj Rathi, a partially-educated and simple young master-confectioner is the perfect elder heir to his middle-class traditional family in Rajasthan. Later, Sandhya is shattered as her parents die in a terrorist attack. Her brother Ankur fixes her marriage to Sooraj whose strict mother, Santosh, wants a simple and uneducated daughter-in-law, with the excellent skills of a housewife. So, Ankur lies about Sandhya's education level.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: Giving up her education and dreams, Sandhya marries Sooraj. Soon as her truth of being educated and not knowing cooking is revealed, Santosh banishes her. Sooraj stands up for and vows to help Sandhya in becoming the daughter-in-law Santosh wants. After helping Sandhya complete studies, Sooraj convinces Santosh to accept her dreams. Sandhya faces challenges in IPS Academy, establishing as an extraordinary police officer. She fights terrorist leader Raj Kumar, and struggles to balance between her professional duties and domestic responsibilities.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: Together with Sooraj, Sandhya forms a relationship with underlying love. She donates one of her kidneys to Santosh battling for life, a fact which the family later learns. Ankur's daughter Bulbul greatly eagers for a sibling but his wife Ankita miscarries and is unable to conceive again. Sandhya, expecting twins, decides to give their one twin to Ankita. Eventually, she delivers twin sons Ved and Vansh who get kidnapped. In the rescue, Ved is saved and the unfound Vansh is presumed dead, shattering all. A police officer saves and returns Vansh though promptly.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: Sandhya, Sooraj and Ved live happily. They find out Vansh never died and was adopted by Ankur, who planned the past things to keep Vansh with them. As Sooraj dreams of opening a big hotel and works for it with Sandhya, she is appointed for an extremely perilous mission Mahabhali, to defeat a dangerous terrorist in his territory in West Bengal, faking her identity as Sagarika. Sandhya leaves and enacts to be presumed dead in a train accident. Sooraj loses his dreams and mental stability due to this shock. Owing to his condition, Santosh starts hating Sandhya.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: Santosh wants Sooraj to marry Laalima Agarwal, who she believes will be able to help him recover. Sandhya battles with the difficulties of Mahabhali and finally sabotages their plan, but her identity is exposed. The terrorists capture and almost torture her to death. Sooraj finds out Sandhya is alive, and joins her on the mission to help. They complete the mission and return home. Santosh refuses to forgive Sandhya. Laalima falls in love with Sooraj.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: But, Sooraj and Sandhya's love wins and Santosh forgives her as Laalima gives up. Later, Sooraj's youngest brother Mohit is shot to death after attempting to molest Laalima by Santoshi. With the help of women's rights activists, Sandhya bails her out.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: Santhosh hates Pakistan because of a tragic accident on the border which took her younger brother's life when they were children. Not knowing Arzoo is from Pakistan, she fixes her alliance with Aryan. At first, Sandhya suspects Arzoo of being a terrorist.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: Later, Sandhya not only saves Arzoo from the terrible misunderstanding but also helps her get accepted by Santosh. Sooraj meets with an accident and gets stuck in a wheelchair. Sandhya decides to run his confectionary shop by leaving her job, much to Sooraj, and the family's displeasure.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: As Sandhya delivers a daughter named Kanak, Sooraj overcomes his disability and is able to walk to run his shop. Sandhya gets a proposal from commissioner and joins the police again before meeting IPS Arpita Khanna, who considers Sandhya as her rival at first but later becomes among her best allies.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: Soon, Vansh discovers the truth about his birth parents but hates them for giving him away. Four terrorists kill Ankur and Ankita and also take the residents of the Rathis' neighborhood hostage, including them. Sandhya and Sooraj bravely rescue the civilians.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: Upon seeing his parents' selflessness and courage, Vansh forgives them and the family is reunited, but not for long. Sandhya and Sooraj unsuccessfully try a trap for the terrorists and punish them. The leader kidnaps Kanak and makes Sandhya and Sooraj eat bomb pills.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: Sandhya and Sooraj bid their farewell to family and others by jumping into the river before exploding. Sandhya's mangal sutra and Sooraj's chain becomes entangled in the water before the setting Sun, highlighting that even death cannot separate them.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: Speaking about the series before its premiere, Nitin Vaidya, the Business Head of StarPlus then said, "It's undeniable that in India, traditionally the women's role is seen as bride, wife or mother, within the geographical parameters of her home. This show aims at breaking that mold and raising public acceptance of women stepping out of their homes towards self-fulfillment. "Diya Aur Bati Hum" is another testimony of Star Plus' programming ethos – 'Rishta Wahi, Soch Nayi (Same relationship, different thinking)'."


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: On 8 January 2013, the cast and crew went to Ajmer for shooting a sequence, expected to return to Mumbai on 11 January 2013. However, with the overcrowding of the fans of the series, they could not properly shoot within the estimated time, sometimes being a halt for a while owing to the rush of people there.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: In December 2014, the shoot was disrupted when an air cooler in the sets burst and two technicians were injured. In the same month, it was announced that Bollywood singers Javed Ali and Shilpa Rao would record a song for an upcoming sequence.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: In September 2015, for the track of Mission Mahabali, six sets of each dress were made for the cast during the outdoor shoot owing unpredictable weather change and rains.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: Gautam Gulati quit the series in September 2014 for participating in "Bigg Boss 8" and was replaced by Karan Goddwani as Vikram. In December 2014, Neelu Vaghela playing Santosh decided quit the series owing health issues and her death sequence was also shot. But the popular demand from both viewers and channel made her to continue and the track was altered. In the same month, Shubha Uplopwar replaced Urmila Nimbalkar as Ankita.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: In May 2015, Jimmy Shergill was in talks for the role of the Kabaddi coach. But, Shahbaz Khan was confirmed. However, Rituraj Singh got the role due to the creative differences with Khan. In April 2015, Randeep Rai, who was cast for the role Adult Chotu, quit the series in few months and was replaced by Kunal Khosla in January 2016. In November 2015, Varun Jain playing Mohit wished to opt out of the series unhappy with his role shaping up and thus his character was killed in the series.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: Due to its fluctuating ratings, it was reported to go off air on 15 August 2016. But, it received an extension for about a month and ended on 10 September 2016. However, before the series was about to end, it was reported to come back with a sequel series owing its popularity. Within seven months, the sequel titled as "Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh, Piyaji" premiered and aired from 3 April 2017 to 1 June 2018 for 365 episodes.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: The series is based on the backdrop of Pushkar, Rajasthan. The series is mainly filmed on the sets created in Mira road, Mumbai. Some of the scenes were filmed in Rajasthan including Pushkar, Ajmer and Bikaner. The final scene of the series was filmed in Udaipur. In June 2012, the sequence of lead character Sooraj's cooking competition was filmed in Singapore for 10 days. For that, the upcoming episodes were shot well in advance before going there such that shooting did not happen for 12 days after it in India.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: From December 2013 for a few months, the main IPS training sequence of lead character Sandhya was shot at Haryana Police Commando Complex in Newal, Karnal and the initial promo of the sequence being shot in a ground at Matunga. During which, in April 2014 the sequence of a training in Jungle was shot at Ghodbunder road, Thane, Maharashtra.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: In March 2015, the storyline took a five years leap. Soon, in the same year, in July, it took a three years leap.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: In 2016, the sequences of the character Arzoo in Pakistan was shot at Bhopal which was shown in the series as Pakistan.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: On 24 August 2012, the show had a crossover episode with "Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai". On 3 March 2016, "Diya Aur Baati Hum"'s lead actress Deepika Singh as Sandhya made an entry in "Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai". In January 2016, "Diya Aur Baati Hum" and "Saath Nibhana Saathiya" had a connection where Devoleena Bhattacharjee as Gopi from Saathiya entered the series.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: "The Indian Express" rated two and a half stars and stated, "The lead actors are impressive. Anas Rashid as maa ka laadla (mother's favorite) Sooraj is likable and Deepika Singh as Sandhya is raw but earnest."


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: "Diya aur baati hum" maintained its number one position mostly on the ratings charts from the beginning till it completed 1000 episodes. It became the no 1 show in India with 14.5 TVM (Television Viewership in Millions), considered to be extremely good at that time. It also became the only fiction show to have a rating of 6.6 on a Saturday. Diya Aur Baati Hum is also known as one of the most popular Indian teledrama for Star Plus.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: The series opened with a low rating of 1.9 TVR in its debut week, but however soon increased and entered top ten Hindi GECs. In week 33 of 2011, it garnered 3.81 TVR being seventh most watched Hindi GEC while the following week, it was the tenth most watched Hindi GEC with 3.11 TVR. In week 42, it was at tenth position garnering 3.65 TVR. In week 50 and 51, it became the second most watched Hindi GEC after "Saath Nibhana Saathiya" garnering 5.7 and 5.87 TVR.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: In first week of 2012, it garnered 5.98 TVR. On week ending 21 January 2012, it garnered 5.88 TVR being most watched Hindi GEC. In week ending 2 May 2012 and the following week it maintained its top position with 5 and 4.7 TVR. In May 2012, during the ongoing IPL broadcast during prime time remained the most watched television program. After three weeks of its premiere being most watched programme, in Week 17 2012, "Dance India Dance" along with "Diya Aur Baati Hum" beat them scoring 4.5 and 4.48 TVR for position number one and two being the only two GECs to top the list. In week 22 during IPL finale, it was the most watched Hindi GEC with 5.1 TVR. During 15 to 21 July 2012 and previous week, it maintained its top position with 5.8 and 5.9 TVR. During 1 to 15 August 2012, it maintained its top position with 5.8 TVR. In week 51, it was at second position with 4.8 TVR. In the year, the track of Sooraj's international cooking competition topped the Hindi GEC ratings list while the following track of terrorist Rajkumar reached a 6.9 TVR.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: In week 5 of 2013, it was the most watched Hindi GEC with 4.3 TVR while it was pushed to second by "Sapne Suhane Ladakpan Ke" garnering 4.2 TVR. In week 9, it was in the top spot with 7.1 TVR. The following week it maintained its position with 5.7 TVR. In week 16 and 17 it maintained its top position with 3.7 and 4 TVR. In week 23, it once again was at the top with a trp of 3.7. In first week of August, it was the top rated with 4.5 TVR. During week 30 and 31 of 2013, it maintained its top position garnering 9.1 and 10.3 million viewership. In week 48 of 2013 it was the most watched Hindi GEC with 11.4 million TVTs. Overall, It secured number one among the top ten shows in India of 2013, with an average viewership of 9.3 million and a peak viewership of 12.3 million in October 2013. In week 47, it remained the top rated with more than about 12 million impressions.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: In first week of 2014, it was at the top position with 6 TVR. In week 3, it maintained its position with 6.4 TVR. In week 5 also it was at top with 5.7 TVR. The series had a tough fight with "Kumkum Bhagya" for the top spot which aired at the rival channel Zee TV during same time slot after it premiered in April 2014. When Kumkum Bhagya premiered, Diya Aur Baati Hum, the top show in its time slot saw a decrease of 22% of its viewership in that week, after which Kumkum's viewership started increasing gradually and soon beat Diya Aur Baati Hum for number one pushing it to second. Since then, both had a tough fight for number one position for a long time alternatively. In week 27 of 2014, it shared the top spot with "Saath Nibhana Saathiya" garnering 4.4 TVR. In week ending 23 August 2014, it had 7.3 million viewership occupying fourth position while the previous week it was at top position with 7.6 million. In third week of September 2014, it was at top with 3.8 TVR. In second week of November 2014, it maintained its top position with 5.5 TVR. In week 52, it continued to maintain its top position. Overall, In 2014, it maintained its position in top three most watched Hindi shows.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: In January 2015, it remained the most watched Hindi show followed by Kumkum Bhagya. In first two weeks of May 2015, it dropped to tenth position garnering 4 and 4.1 TVR. In week 40 of 2015, it was at top position with 4.31 TVR. In week 42 of 2015, Diya Aur Baati Hum was at fourth position with a TRP of 3.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: In week 11 of 2016, it garnered a trp of 2.3 while the following week, it occupied seventh position garnering a trp of 2.6. In week 14, it garnered a trp of 2 slipping down to seventh position. In first week of June 2016, it garnered 1.6 trp moving out of top ten. However, it was ended by the channel in September 2016 due to its decreased ratings since past few months.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: In UK, Diya Aur Baati Hum was consistently one of the most watched top Indian television show with more than 200 K viewership. It garnered its first peak rating of 315.100 K viewership in October 2013 and got a record viewership of 383,700 viewers in April 2014.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: The story is based on a fictional family in Pushkar of Rajasthan who lives in the fictional street named "Hanuman Gali." Owing to "Diya Aur Baati Hum's" huge popularity, Municipal Corporation and Government of Rajasthan renamed a lane in Pushkar as Hanuman Gali. The event was attended by the cast and crew which was held during December 2015. Speaking about it actress Neelu Vaghela who played Santosh said, "Apparently, the show has a great viewership and tourists who visited Pushkar often used to go searching for Hanuman Galli and ask for Sooraj and his jalebi shop. Since this has led to increasing in tourists, I guess the ministry must have come up with this plan. We are excited and the whole team will be going for this event." Lead Deepika Singh stated, "There was a day when I had to run through all the streets in Pushkar for the opening scene of the show. Nobody did recognize me then. But now, as I stood at the same place, the whole crowd present over there was cheering for me and their reactions made me feel so special,"


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: The poster of the series and the main leads are found in the shops in the areas of Pushkar and Jaipur owing its popularity.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: It was dubbed in Telugu on Star MAA as "Eetharam Illalu". In the Tamil it was dubbed under the title, "En Kanavan En Thozhan" on Star Vijay.


title: Diya Aur Baati Hum

text: Owing its popularity, the creators of the show launched a sequel series named "Tu Sooraj Main Saanjh, Piyaji" with the leads Anas Rashid and Deepika Singh not being part of it. It starred Rhea Sharma as Kanak, the grown up daughter of Sooraj and Sandhya and Avinesh Rekhi as Uma Shankar. It began airing from 3 April 2017 and ended on 1 June 2018 completing 365 episodes.


title: Vayu

text: Vayu (, , ), also known as Vata and Pavana, is the Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine massenger of the gods. In the "Vedic scriptures", Vayu is an important deity and is closely associated with Indra, the king of gods. He is mentioned to be born from the breath of Supreme Being Vishvapurusha and also the first one to drink Soma. The "Upanishads" praise him as "Prana" or 'life breath of the world'. In the later Hindu scriptures, he is described as a Dikpala (guardians of the direction), who looks over the North-west direction. The Hindu epics describe him as the father of the god Hanuman and Bhima.


title: Vayu

text: The followers of the 13th-century saint Madhva believe their guru as an incarnation of Vayu. They worship the wind deity as Mukhyaprana and consider him as the son of the god Vishnu.


title: Vayu

text: The word for air ("vāyu") or wind ("pavana") is one of the classical elements in Hinduism. The Sanskrit word "Vāta" literally means 'blown'; "Vāyu", 'blower' and "Prāna", 'breathing' (viz. the breath of life, cf. the *"an"- in "animate"). Hence, the primary referent of the word is the 'deity of life', who is sometimes for clarity referred to as Mukhya-Vāyu (the chief Vayu) or Mukhya Prāna (the chief of life force or vital force).


title: Vayu

text: Sometimes the word "vāyu", which is more generally used in the sense of the physical air or wind, is used as a synonym for "prāna". Vāta, an additional name for the deity Vayu, is the root of "vātāvaranam", the Sanskrit, Hindi and Telugu term for 'atmosphere'.


title: Vayu

text: In the "Rigveda", Vayu is associated with the winds, with the Maruts being described as being born from Vayu's belly. Vayu is also the first god to receive soma in the ritual, and then he and Indra share their first drink.


title: Vayu

text: In the hymns, Vayu is 'described as having "exceptional beauty" and moving noisily in his shining coach, driven by two or forty-nine or one-thousand white and purple horses. A white banner is his main attribute'. Like the other atmospheric deities, he is a 'fighter and destroyer', 'powerful and heroic'.


title: Vayu

text: In the Upanishads, there are numerous statements and illustrations of the greatness of Vayu. The "Brihadaranyaka Upanishad" says that the gods who control bodily functions once engaged in a contest to determine who among them is the greatest. When a deity such as that of vision would leave a man's body, that man would continue to live, albeit as a blind man and having regained the lost faculty once the errant deity returned to his post. One by one the deities all took their turns leaving the body, but the man continued to live on, though successively impaired in various ways. Finally, when Mukhya Prāna started to leave the body, all the other deities started to be inexorably pulled off their posts by force, 'just as a powerful horse yanks off pegs in the ground to which he is bound'. This caused the other deities to realize that they can function only when empowered by Vayu, and can be overpowered by him easily. In another episode, Vayu is said to be the only deity not afflicted by demons of sin who were on the attack. This Vayu is "Mukhya Prana Vayu". The Chandogya Upanishad says that one cannot know Brahman except by knowing Vayu as the "udgitha" (the mantric syllable "om").


title: Vayu

text: American Indologist Philip Lutgendorf says, "According to Madhva whenever Lord Vishnu incarnates on earth, Mukhya Prana/Vayu accompanies him and aids his work of preserving dharma. Hanuman the friend and helper of Rama in the Treta Yuga, the strongman Bhima in Mahabharata, set at the end of Dvapara Yuga and Madhva in the Kali Yuga. Moreover, since the Lord himself does not appear on earth until the end of kali age, the incarnate Vayu/Madhva serves during this period as the sole 'means' to bring souls to salvation".


title: Vayu

text: Pavana played an important role in Anjana's begetting Hanuman as her child so Hanuman is also called Pavanaputra 'son of Pavana' and Vāyuputra. Today, Pavan is a fairly common Hindu name.


title: Vayu

text: In the "Mahabharata", Bhima was the spiritual son of Vayu and played a major role in the Kurukshetra War. He utilised his huge power and skill with the mace for supporting Dharma.


title: Vayu

text: In East Asian Buddhism, Vayu is a "dharmapāla" and often classed as one of the () grouped together as directional guardians. He presides over the northwest direction.


title: Vayu

text: In Japan, he is called Fūten(). He is included with the other eleven devas, which include Taishakuten (Śakra/Indra), Katen (Agni), (Yama), Rasetsuten (Nirṛti/Rākṣasa), Ishanaten (Īśāna), Bishamonten (Vaiśravaṇa/Kubera), Suiten (Varuṇa) Bonten (Brahmā), Jiten (Pṛthivī), Nitten (Sūrya/Āditya) and Gatten (Candra).


title: Medical ethics

text: Medical ethics is an applied branch of ethics which analyzes the practice of clinical medicine and related scientific research. Medical ethics is based on a set of values that professionals can refer to in the case of any confusion or conflict. These values include the respect for autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice. Such tenets may allow doctors, care providers, and families to create a treatment plan and work towards the same common goal. It is important to note that these four values are not ranked in order of importance or relevance and that they all encompass values pertaining to medical ethics. However, a conflict may arise leading to the need for hierarchy in an ethical system, such that some moral elements overrule others with the purpose of applying the best moral judgement to a difficult medical situation. Medical ethics is particularly relevant in decisions regarding involuntary treatment and involuntary commitment.


title: Medical ethics

text: There are several codes of conduct. The Hippocratic Oath discusses basic principles for medical professionals. This document dates back to the fifth century BCE. Both The Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and The Nuremberg Code (1947) are two well-known and well respected documents contributing to medical ethics. Other important markings in the history of medical ethics include "Roe v. Wade" in 1973 and the development of hemodialysis in the 1960s. More recently, new techniques for gene editing aiming at treating, preventing and curing diseases utilizing gene editing, are raising important moral questions about their applications in medicine and treatments as well as societal impacts on future generations, yet remain controversial due to their association with eugenics.


title: Medical ethics

text: As this field continues to develop and change throughout history, the focus remains on fair, balanced, and moral thinking across all cultural and religious backgrounds around the world. The field of medical ethics encompasses both practical application in clinical settings and scholarly work in philosophy, history, and sociology.


title: Medical ethics

text: Medical ethics encompasses beneficence, autonomy, and justice as they relate to conflicts such as euthanasia, patient confidentiality, informed consent, and conflicts of interest in healthcare. In addition, medical ethics and culture are interconnected as different cultures implement ethical values differently, sometimes placing more emphasis on family values and downplaying the importance of autonomy. This leads to an increasing need for culturally sensitive physicians and ethical committees in hospitals and other healthcare settings.


title: Medical ethics

text: The term medical ethics first dates back to 1803, when English author and physician Thomas Percival published a document describing the requirements and expectations of medical professionals within medical facilities. The Code of Ethics was then adapted in 1847, relying heavily on Percival's words. Over the years in 1903, 1912, and 1947, revisions have been made to the original document. The practice of Medical Ethics is widely accepted and practiced throughout the world.


title: Medical ethics

text: Historically, Western medical ethics may be traced to guidelines on the duty of physicians in antiquity, such as the Hippocratic Oath, and early Christian teachings. The first code of medical ethics, "Formula Comitis Archiatrorum", was published in the 5th century, during the reign of the Ostrogothic Christian king Theodoric the Great. In the medieval and early modern period, the field is indebted to Islamic scholarship such as Ishaq ibn Ali al-Ruhawi (who wrote the "Conduct of a Physician", the first book dedicated to medical ethics), Avicenna's Canon of Medicine and Muhammad ibn Zakariya ar-Razi (known as Rhazes in the West), Jewish thinkers such as Maimonides, Roman Catholic scholastic thinkers such as Thomas Aquinas, and the case-oriented analysis (casuistry) of Catholic moral theology. These intellectual traditions continue in Catholic, Islamic and Jewish medical ethics.


title: Medical ethics

text: By the 18th and 19th centuries, medical ethics emerged as a more self-conscious discourse. In England, Thomas Percival, a physician and author, crafted the first modern code of medical ethics. He drew up a pamphlet with the code in 1794 and wrote an expanded version in 1803, in which he coined the expressions "medical ethics" and "medical jurisprudence". However, there are some who see Percival's guidelines that relate to physician consultations as being excessively protective of the home physician's reputation. Jeffrey Berlant is one such critic who considers Percival's codes of physician consultations as being an early example of the anti-competitive, "guild"-like nature of the physician community. In addition, since the mid 19th century up to the 20th century, physician-patient relationships that once were more familiar became less prominent and less intimate, sometimes leading to malpractice, which resulted in less public trust and a shift in decision-making power from the paternalistic physician model to today's emphasis on patient autonomy and self-determination.


title: Medical ethics

text: In 1815, the Apothecaries Act was passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It introduced compulsory apprenticeship and formal qualifications for the apothecaries of the day under the license of the Society of Apothecaries. This was the beginning of regulation of the medical profession in the UK.


title: Medical ethics

text: In 1847, the American Medical Association adopted its first code of ethics, with this being based in large part upon Percival's work. While the secularized field borrowed largely from Catholic medical ethics, in the 20th century a distinctively liberal Protestant approach was articulated by thinkers such as Joseph Fletcher. In the 1960s and 1970s, building upon liberal theory and procedural justice, much of the discourse of medical ethics went through a dramatic shift and largely reconfigured itself into bioethics.


title: Medical ethics

text: Since the 1970s, the growing influence of ethics in contemporary medicine can be seen in the increasing use of Institutional Review Boards to evaluate experiments on human subjects, the establishment of hospital ethics committees, the expansion of the role of clinician ethicists, and the integration of ethics into many medical school curricula.