title: In the Night Garden...

text: In United Kingdom, "In the Night Garden..." was first aired on 19 March 2007 until its final episode ended on 6 March 2009. Until 29 March 2008, the show aired on the CBeebies channel every day, including weekends, at 6.25 PM in the "Bedtime Hour" slot, in addition to earlier 11 am showings on BBC Two on weekday mornings. From 29 March until 29 August 2008, "In The Night Garden..." was removed from its 6:25 PM "Bedtime Hour" slot, which resulted in a nationwide fan petition outside the BBC's Television Centre studios asking for the programme to be re-instated to its normal slot. The show returned to the daily "Bedtime Hour" slot at 6.20 pm as of 30 August 2008 and began showing the second series (beginning with "Slow Down Everybody") on 1 September 2008.


title: In the Night Garden...

text: The boxset, Hello Everybody! includes "Hello Igglepiggle", "Hello Upsy Daisy", "Hello Makka Pakka", & "Hello Tombliboos"


title: In the Night Garden...

text: In 2007, Ladybird Books published a full In the Night Garden range of books, some had lifted the flap features ("The Prettiest Flower", 2007) and some had sounds from the programme ("What a Noisy Pinky Ponk!", 2009), these usually retailed for £8.99 when they were released from BBC Books/Ragdoll Productions.


title: In the Night Garden...

text: The show's producers, Ragdoll Productions, signed a deal to make the toy producer Hasbro a global partner before the show was first aired and merchandise was first made available in July 2007. The range includes small Igglepiggle, Upsy Daisy and Makka Pakka stuffed toys and a small Ninky Nonk train with detachable carriages. Wheeled toy licensee MV Sports & Leisure Limited produced a range of scooters and trikes. Play-Doh made some dough that came packaged with an Igglepiggle-shaped cut-out.


title: In the Night Garden...

text: In the spring of 2008, several new toys arrived, including roll-along characters, Talking Cuddly Makka Pakka, Ninky Nonk Pop-up tent and more. Hasbro won the 2008 "Best Licensed Toy or Game range" Licensing Award for their "In The Night Garden..." range.


title: In the Night Garden...

text: In January 2009, a spokesman for the BBC confirmed that they had asked Hasbro to change the CGI skin colour of the Upsy Daisy CGI doll following "a handful of complaints". The doll was originally released with a noticeably lighter complexion than seen in the television series, as it was based on the animated version of Upsy Daisy.


title: In the Night Garden...

text: In 2010, more new toys were released like the Igglepiggle and Upsy Daisy set that contained a copy of the Series 2 episode "The Pontipines' Picnic" (2008) on DVD as well as an electronic Ninky Nonk (which made the actual sounds from the Show) and a Playmat that had: the Bridge, the Tombliboo Bush (with The Tombliboos and their beds), the Gazebo and the Pinky Ponk.


title: In the Night Garden...

text: A different company, Golden Bear Toys have also made a range of "In The Night Garden..." toys, featuring Upsy Daisy and Igglepiggle. These include the "Musical Ninky Nonk Bubble Train" and the "Igglepiggle Wind-up Musical Boat."


title: In the Night Garden...

text: On 1 October 2019, the "In the Night Garden Igglepiggle Peek-a-boo Clip-on Toy" made by Golden Bear Toys was recalled due to a possible choking hazard to young children.


title: In the Night Garden...

text: "In the Night Garden...Live!" started a UK tour in July 2010. The show took place in an inflatable purpose-built show dome. The show premiered in Liverpool and moved on to London, Glasgow and Birmingham. In the Night Garden Live has toured the United Kingdom every summer.


title: In the Night Garden...

text: A spin-off special series, titled "In the Night Garden... ZinkyZonk Specials" was announced by WildBrain in September 2022. The six 15-minute specials are animated in Canada by WildBrain Studios, with an initial broadcast deal made with Hop! Channel in Israel. The series first premiered in Australia on ABC Kids in September 2022.


title: In the Night Garden...

text: The specials center on a brand new character called the Zonk, who sends the characters off to the magical world of the ZonkeyZoney so they can relax in peace. The series is fully animated in 3D CGI animation, unlike the original series which was live-action.


title: Honda Civic (fourth generation)

text: The fourth-generation Honda Civic is an automobile produced by Honda from 1987 until 1991 with the wagon continuing in production in some markets until 1996. The suspension had a new double-wishbone suspension in the front and an independent suspension in the rear, the wheelbase was increased to 98.4 inches (250 cm), and the body was redesigned with a lower hood line and more glass, giving less drag. The redesigned Civic was introduced in 1987 for the 1988 model year. The fourth-generation Civic would be available in three variants; 3-door hatchback, 4-door sedan and 5-door wagon with various trim levels offered in each variant.


title: Honda Civic (fourth generation)

text: In Japan, the base version received a 1.3 L SOHC single carbureted engine with , thus equipped it was called either 23L or 23U. This engine was also available in the commercial version of the Shuttle, sold as the "Honda Pro" initially.


title: Honda Civic (fourth generation)

text: The 1.5 L SOHC engine came in a variety of models, dual-point injection, single carbureted and dual carbureted. Those engines were available in the Japanese-market 25X and 25XT. The Si model featured a 1.6L DOHC 16-valve 4-cylinder (ZC) D16A8/A9 engine that produced .


title: Honda Civic (fourth generation)

text: In late 1989, a new trim package was added called the SiR which came equipped with a 1.6-litre DOHC VTEC 16-valve 4-cylinder B16A engine producing at 7,600 rpm. This first B series engine, marked the introduction of Honda's variable valve timing and electronic lift control technology (VTEC). By providing two different camshaft profiles—one for fuel economy, one for performance, the VTEC engines set a high-revving, naturally aspirated precedent for future performance variants of the Honda Civic. The European model, badged as a "1.6i-VT", used a slightly less powerful B16A1 engine, which had an 8,200 rpm redline and made , although it made the same of torque as the Japanese market B16. In Japan, automatic-equipped SiR Civics also received the lower-powered engine. The SiR was available only as a hatchback, with a distinct updated look. Among the visual changes, the SiR had a very distinct front end. It's easily identifiable by the hood with a raised, rather than lowered center, and turn signals that wrap around the front bumper.


title: Honda Civic (fourth generation)

text: The wagon, known in Japan as the Civic Shuttle, continued to be built until 1996. The commercial-use model was called the "Honda Pro"; it was replaced by a dedicated commercial delivery van called the Honda Partner starting with model year 1996.


title: Honda Civic (fourth generation)

text: The fourth-generation Civic was introduced for the 1988 model year. Unlike Civics sold in other markets, all North American Civics were fuel injected. The fourth generation Civic offered larger dimensions than the previous Civic. Initially, the Si model was not available. All fourth-generation Civics have true all independent suspension and power steering is standard on all LX sedans and 4WD wagons and included on some other models when equipped with an automatic transmission. Few changes were introduced in 1989 with the exception of the return of the Si model.


title: Honda Civic (fourth generation)

text: In 1990, the Civic received a minor refresh which included a redesigned front bumper, a revised shaped gauge cluster, updated tail lights and thinner side moldings. Civic sedans and wagons received automatic seat belts as well. The sedan and wagon featured powered automatic shoulder belts that retracted from the B-pillar to a position halfway down the A-pillar when the door was open, while the hatchback received a standard style shoulder and lap belt mechanism that was attached to the door and was intended to remain buckled at all times. While this setup did satisfy the federal regulations, the front doors had to be opened very wide to allow access between the belt and the seat. Many Civic owners used the door mounted belts just as they would pillar mounted belts, buckling and unbuckling as necessary. The Canadian models continued to use manual front seat belts.


title: Honda Civic (fourth generation)

text: Only minor changes were introduced in 1991 such as full wheel covers and body-colored bumpers on the DX hatchbacks and the Si side mirrors were now body-colored (instead of black). 1991 would be the final year for the fourth generation Civic.


title: Honda Civic (fourth generation)

text: Known as the CX in Canada, the base model, only available as a hatchback, came equipped with minimal standard equipment. It came with a 1.5-liter SOHC 16-valve 4-cylinder D15B1 engine, producing . The standard equipped transmission was a 4-speed manual while a 4-speed automatic transmission was optional. The CX came without a rear wiper, black front and rear bumpers, less interior pieces, and a black rear centerpiece between the taillights.


title: Honda Civic (fourth generation)

text: The DX was available as either a sedan or hatchback. The DX sedan was the base model sedan. The DX sedan came with plain black bumper covers while DX hatchbacks had matching body-colored bumper covers. Seats were cloth in all DX Civics. All DX Civics featured a 1.5-liter SOHC 16-valve 4-cylinder D15B2 engine producing and came standard with a 5-speed manual transmission. A 4-speed automatic was optional.


title: Honda Civic (fourth generation)

text: Available only as a sedan, this had a higher level interior with tachometer instrumentation, electric windows and door locks, electric door mirrors, cruise control (beginning in 1990), clock and wheel covers as standard equipment as well as body-colored bumpers. Like the DX model, the LX Civic was equipped with a 1.5 liter SOHC 16-valve 4-cylinder D15B2 engine producing with a 5-speed transmission. A 4-speed automatic transmission was optional.


title: Honda Civic (fourth generation)

text: Available only as a sedan beginning in 1990, the EX is the premium sedan with all LX standard features but had the more powerful 1.6-liter SOHC 16-valve 4-cylinder D16A6 engine making and 100 ft-lbs. It also featured an upgraded interior and 175/65/HR14 tires as well as upgraded front brakes with 10.3-inch disc brakes vs. the 9.5-inch on the STD, DX, LX and Si models.


title: Honda Civic (fourth generation)

text: The Civic Si hatchback returned for the 1989 model year. The Si was only available as a hatchback with a 5-speed manual transmission, which featured shorter gears than lower models. The Si came with a 1.6-liter SOHC 16-valve 4-cylinder D16A6 engine producing . The Civic Si weighed , achieving a factory 0–60 mph of 8.1 seconds; and a quarter-mile time of 16.2 at .


title: Honda Civic (fourth generation)

text: The Si model adds features such as a power sunroof/moonroof, tachometer, dual manual side mirrors, an upgraded interior, color matched bumpers, dash clock, larger exhaust, front and rear anti-roll bars and 14-inch steel wheels with covers mounted with 185/60/R14 tires. There was no power steering and no automatic transmission available (except in Canada). Additional dealer-installed options were air conditioning and fog lights as well as other Honda accessories such as wheels, nose masks and audio components.


title: Honda Civic (fourth generation)

text: The wagon was available as FWD or RealTime4WD. The 4WD wagon featured the same engine found in the Si hatchback; a 1.6 liter SOHC 16-valve 4-cylinder D16A6 engine producing paired with either a 6-speed manual transmission (with a super-low gear left of first) or a 4-speed automatic transmission. The FWD versions include a 1.5 liter SOHC 16-valve 4-cylinder D15B2 engine producing paired with a 5-speed manual or 4-speed automatic transmission. 4WD wagons had white steel wheels with matching center caps. This body style remained in production until February 21, 1996, when it was replaced by the Honda Orthia and professional use Honda Partner, sold only in Japan.


title: Honda Civic (fourth generation)

text: For most of Europe, the base model came equipped with the 1.3 L engine. Next was a 1.4 L SOHC 4-cylinder dual carbureted engine that was available from 1988 until 1991, followed by the fuel injected 1.5i GL and GLX models.


title: Honda Civic (fourth generation)

text: The sporting European 1.6i GT and 1.6i-16 (depends on country) had a 1.6 L DOHC engine and produced (D16Z5) or (D16A9). In Europe, the SiR was called 1.6i-VT and had a similar 1.6-liter DOHC VTEC (B16A1) 4-cylinder engine.


title: Honda Civic (fourth generation)

text: The fourth-generation Honda Civic was included in Car and Driver's 10Best for all four years (1988-1991).


title: Honda Civic (fourth generation)

text: The car was well-received globally, receiving “Golden Steering Wheel Award” from the German newspaper Bild am Sonntag, and ranking first in France’s "l’Automobile" magazine 1989 survey on car quality and reliability.


title: Honda Civic (fourth generation)

text: Despite its image as an economical vehicle, the fourth-generation hatchback became popular in near stock SCCA autocross competition. The ED chassis dominated the Street touring category, competing against the Mazda MX-5 Miata. Fourth-generation Civic hatchbacks became popular among Honda Civic enthusiasts due to their lightweight design and formidable suspension layout..


title: Honda Civic (fourth generation)

text: Due to the difference in engine output and modification potential between the American and JDM models, the fourth-generation Civic Si sparked a popular trend of engine swapping, where tuners would replace the D-series power plant with a more powerful B-series motor.


title: Bobby DeBarge

text: Robert Louis "Bobby" DeBarge, Jr. (March 5, 1956 – August 16, 1995) was an American singer and musician. DeBarge was the lead singer of the Motown R&B/soul vocal group Switch and was noted for his falsetto vocals. Later on, he served as both mentor and a co-producer of his siblings' band, DeBarge, eventually joining them to fill in for departing members El and Bunny. Personal problems, including substance abuse which eventually led to drug trafficking charges in 1988, plagued DeBarge in later years, taking focus away from his musical career. He contracted HIV in the 1980s, and died of AIDS complications in 1995, at age 39.


title: Bobby DeBarge

text: DeBarge was born to Etterlene (née Abney) and Army soldier Robert DeBarge, Sr. in Detroit. He had an unhappy childhood because of his father's abusiveness. At 15, DeBarge was introduced to heroin, which became his lifelong addiction. After his parents separated and divorced in the early 1970s, Bobby DeBarge and his family relocated to Grand Rapids. A talented instrumentalist and vocalist, he began playing in local bands, along with his younger brother Tommy.


title: Bobby DeBarge

text: In 1975, after teaming up with fellow Grand Rapids musician Gregory Williams, the duo began a group with several other Midwestern musicians and successfully auditioned for Barry White's background group, White Heat, helping to produce and release their debut album that year. The following year, White dropped all but one musician from the band due to tax issues. The group – which consisted of DeBarge, Williams, Phillip Ingram, Tommy DeBarge, TC Brown, Stanley Brown, Jody Sims, Arnett Hayes, Adam Frye, Darnell Wyrick, MC Clark and Stanley Hood – then recorded an album in 1976 under the name Hot Ice, entitled "Pall Mall Groove", which included DeBarge's incredible singing and piano performance on his composition, "Please Don't Let Me Go," released in 1977 on Polydor/Germany, in 1979 in the USA/Canada as SMASH on Source Records/MCA, and in 2005 on Burndsman Records worldwide.


title: Bobby DeBarge

text: That year, DeBarge returned to Grand Rapids, despondent that his career hadn't progressed; he ventured deeper into a heroin addiction. After the break up of White Heat, Gregory Williams remained in Akron, and sought out new musicians [including Tommy DeBarge, Phillip Ingram, Jody Sims, Eddie Fluellen, MC Clark and Arnett Hayes] to start a new band. After completing a demo tape, he took it to Motown Records; the label wanted to sign the group, who were now calling themselves Switch, because of their ability to "switch" instruments. At Williams' invitation, DeBarge, seeking a chance to find musical stardom, vowed to get clean from his heroin addiction. Motown soon signed the act, which now included Bobby's brother Tommy.


title: Bobby DeBarge

text: A year after their signing, the band released their debut album in 1978. The album, which featured production from Jermaine Jackson, reached gold status thanks to "There'll Never Be," which was solely written by DeBarge, and also featured a favorite ballad of theirs, "I Want to Be Closer", on which Phillip Ingram and DeBarge shared lead. The following year, the group hit gold again with "Switch II", another Jermaine Jackson-produced album, which included another DeBarge-penned hit, "I Call Your Name." Switch became a recording and performing attraction, not only due to the band's overall musicianship but also due to DeBarge's multi-octave vocal range. In 1980, the group had their third gold-selling album, "This Is My Dream", which was the group's first album to not include input from Jackson and which the band's founding members – DeBarge, Jody Sims and Gregory Williams – co-produced. The album included the hit "Love Over and Over Again." By then, DeBarge had returned to using heroin after several years of sobriety and also began using cocaine, which caused tension between DeBarge and Switch group members.


title: Bobby DeBarge

text: Things came to a head in 1981 when, following the release of Switch's fifth album "Switch V", Bobby DeBarge suddenly left the group after Motown offered him a solo recording deal, later finalized in 1983. By then, DeBarge was overseeing the production of his siblings' albums. Bobby co-produced their debut album, and co-wrote with younger brother El the song, "Queen of My Heart", in which he performed falsetto ad-libs near the end of the recording. The track later re-appeared on DeBarge's third album, "In A Special Way", on which El himself produced, creating a more polished version.


title: Bobby DeBarge

text: By 1987, perhaps taking their cue from Bobby splitting from his own group, El and their sister Bunny had left DeBarge to pursue solo careers, with El finding the most success. Bobby had troubles producing his solo debut, and his solo career failed to pick up, so he curtailed his aspirations and joined his siblings' group, forming a revamped DeBarge quartet that recorded the album, "Bad Boys". Bobby and younger brother James split vocal leads on the project. However, Bobby's career halted in 1988 after he was convicted on drug trafficking charges in Grand Rapids and was sentenced to five years in prison. Following his release, he returned to performing and recording, all the while struggling with AIDS, which he contracted sometime in the late 1980s prior to his prison sentence. He finished his last musical work, "It's Not Over" shortly before his death but was not alive when the album was distributed independently.


title: Bobby DeBarge

text: For several years, he pursued La Toya Jackson of the Jackson family. He mentioned Jackson's song "Night Time Lover" in the Switch ballad "You & I", a song he wrote in response to Jackson's single. By 1984, DeBarge had split from Jackson and later married Teri, with whom he had two children, Christian and Bobby III. DeBarge's heroin addiction started in the early 1970s and, later, DeBarge developed addictions to cocaine and crack.


title: Bobby DeBarge

text: Bunny DeBarge and former Switch bandmate Gregory Williams discussed Bobby's bisexuality in Switch's episode of the "Unsung" series on TV One.


title: Bobby DeBarge

text: In 1988, he was sentenced to five years in a Wisconsin prison for drug trafficking charges. Following his release in 1993, he vowed to stay clean, signing a management agreement with Bernd Lichters (for whom DeBarge, with Hot Ice, recorded the "Pall Mall Groove" album years earlier, as well as signing a management agreement as partnership with Ed Wright in 1985), who guided him during 1994 to record songs he wrote in prison. The resulting album, released in August 1995 on A&E Records just before his death, was entitled "It's Not Over". Throughout that year, he was lying low in Gregory Williams' California home, before he returned to Michigan for his final days.


title: Bobby DeBarge

text: While in prison, DeBarge confided to his family that he had contracted HIV. When he became gravely ill, his family sent him to a hospice in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He died of AIDS complications there on August 16, 1995 at age 39. He is buried in Garfield Park Cemetery in Grand Rapids.


title: Bobby DeBarge

text: In June 2019, nearly two years after TV One had first aired Switch's installment of the "Unsung" series, the network released a biopic about Bobby DeBarge. DeBarge was portrayed by Disney alum Roshon Fegan in this film.


title: Killing of Vincent Chin

text: Vincent Jen Chin (; May 18, 1955 – June 23, 1982) was an American draftsman of Chinese descent who was killed in a racially motivated assault by two white men, Chrysler plant supervisor Ronald Ebens and his stepson, laid-off autoworker Michael Nitz. Ebens and Nitz assailed Chin following a brawl that took place at a strip club in Highland Park, Michigan, where Chin had been celebrating his bachelor party with friends in advance of his upcoming wedding. Against the backdrop of high anti-Japanese sentiment in the United States at the time – known as "Japan bashing" – they had assumed that Chin was Japanese and witnesses described them using anti-Asian racial slurs as they attacked him, ultimately beating him to death. Ebens and Nitz blamed Chin for the success of Japan's automotive industry in the country.


title: Killing of Vincent Chin

text: Although accounts vary, the men got into a physical altercation and were removed from the club as a result. Ebens and Nitz eventually found Chin in front of a Highland Park McDonald’s. There, Nitz held Chin down while Ebens repeatedly bashed him in the head with a baseball bat. Chin was taken to Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, where he died of his injuries four days later. At the time, Metro Detroit was a powder keg of racial animosity toward Asian Americans, specifically as the penetration of Japanese automotive imports in the U.S. domestic market that hastened the decline of Detroit's "Big Three". Resentful workers laid the blame for recent layoffs on Japanese competition.


title: Killing of Vincent Chin

text: Ebens and Nitz pleaded guilty to manslaughter in 1983, in a plea bargain from an initial charge of second-degree murder. While Ebens and Nitz never denied the brawl, they claimed the fight was not racially motivated and said they did not use racial epithets. Wayne County Circuit Court Judge Charles Kaufman sentenced Ebens and Nitz to only three years' probation and a $3,000 fine plus costs but with no jail time. Judge Kaufman's rationale for his leniency was that it was Chin who initiated the physical altercation, Ebens and Nitz had no prior convictions, Chin survived for four days on life support, and the prosecutor failed to argue for a more severe sentence. Judge Kaufman further states that Ebens and Nitz "weren't the kind of men you send to jail [...] You don't make the punishment fit the crime; you make the punishment fit the criminal."


title: Killing of Vincent Chin

text: The lenient sentence led to an uproar from Asian Americans. The president of the Detroit Chinese Welfare Council said it amounted to a "$3,000 license to kill" Chinese Americans. As a result, the case has since been viewed as a critical turning point for Asian American civil rights engagement and a rallying cry for stronger federal hate crime legislation.


title: Killing of Vincent Chin

text: Chin was born on May 18, 1955, in Guangdong province, Mainland China. He was the only child of Bing Hing "David" Chin (a.k.a. C.W. Hing) and Lily Chin ("née" Yee). His father earned the right to bring a Chinese bride into the United States through his service in World War II. After Lily suffered a miscarriage in 1949 and was unable to have children, the couple adopted Vincent from a Chinese orphanage in 1961.


title: Killing of Vincent Chin

text: Throughout most of the 1960s, Chin grew up in Highland Park. In 1971, after the elderly Hing was mugged, the family moved to Oak Park, Michigan. Vincent Chin graduated from Oak Park High School in 1973, going on to study at Control Data Institute, and Lawrence Tech. At the time of his death, he was employed as an industrial draftsman at Efficient Engineering, an automotive supplier, and working weekends as a waiter at the former Golden Star restaurant in Ferndale, Michigan. He was engaged, and the wedding date set for June 28, 1982.


title: Killing of Vincent Chin

text: The fight that would lead to the killing of Vincent Chin started at The Fancy Pants Club on June 19, 1982, when Chin took umbrage at a remark that Ebens made to a stripper who had just finished dancing at Chin's table (Chin was having a bachelor party, as he was to be married eight days later). According to an interview by American documentary filmmaker Michael Moore for the "Detroit Free Press", after Chin gave the dancer a generous gratuity, Ebens shouted, "Hey, you little motherfuckers!" and told the stripper, "Don't pay any attention to those little fuckers, they wouldn't know a good dancer if they'd seen one."


title: Killing of Vincent Chin

text: Ebens claimed that Chin walked over to Ebens and Michael Nitz and threw a punch at Ebens' jaw without provocation, although witnesses at the ensuing trial testified that Ebens also got up and said, "It's because of you little motherfuckers that we're out of work," referring to the Japanese auto industry, particularly Chrysler's increased sales of captively-imported Mitsubishi models rebadged and sold under the Dodge and now-defunct Plymouth brands, and Nitz's layoff from Chrysler in 1979, despite the fact that Chin was of Chinese descent, not Japanese.


title: Killing of Vincent Chin

text: The fight escalated as Nitz shoved Chin in defense of his stepfather, and Chin countered. Nitz suffered a cut on his head from a chair that Ebens had intended to use to strike Chin. Chin and his friends left the room, while a bouncer led Ebens and Nitz to the restroom to clean up the wound.


title: Killing of Vincent Chin

text: While they were there, Robert Siroskey, one of Chin's friends, came back inside to use the restroom. He apologized to the group, stating that Chin had a few drinks because of his bachelor's party. Ebens and Nitz had also been drinking that night, although not at the club, which did not serve alcohol. Jimmy Choi also reentered the club to look for Siroskey.


title: Killing of Vincent Chin

text: When Ebens and Nitz left the club, they encountered Chin and his friends who were waiting outside for Siroskey. Chin called Ebens a "chicken shit", at which point Nitz retrieved a baseball bat from his car and Chin and his friends ran down the street.


title: Killing of Vincent Chin

text: Ebens and Nitz searched the neighborhood for 20 to 30 minutes and even paid another man 20 dollars to help look for Chin, before finding him at a McDonald's restaurant. Chin tried to escape but was held by Nitz while Ebens repeatedly bludgeoned Chin with a baseball bat until Chin's head cracked open. A policeman who witnessed the beating said that Ebens was swinging the bat like he was swinging “for a home run.” He was immediately rushed to Henry Ford Hospital. Chin was unconscious when he arrived; he never regained consciousness and died on June 23, 1982, after being in a coma for four days. Ebens was arrested for the initial assault. After Chin's death, Ebens and Nitz were charged with second-degree murder.


title: Killing of Vincent Chin

text: At the time, government officials, politicians, and several prominent legal organizations generally dismissed the theory that civil rights laws should be applied to the beating of Vincent Chin. The Detroit chapters of the American Civil Liberties Union and the National Lawyers Guild did not consider Chin's killing a violation of his civil rights.


title: Killing of Vincent Chin

text: At first, a new group named itself American Citizens for Justice (ACJ) was the only group that lent its support to the theory that existing civil rights laws should be applied to Asian Americans. Eventually, the national body of the National Lawyers Guild endorsed its efforts.


title: Killing of Vincent Chin

text: Ebens was arrested and taken into custody at the scene of the crime by two off-duty police officers who had witnessed the beating. Ebens and Nitz were convicted in a county court by Wayne County Circuit Judge Charles Kaufman of manslaughter, after a plea bargain brought the charges down from second-degree murder. They served no jail time and were given three years' probation, fined $3,000, and ordered to pay $780 in court costs. In a response letter to protests from American Citizens for Justice, Kaufman said, "These weren't the kind of men you send to jail... You don't make the punishment fit the crime; you make the punishment fit the criminal."


title: Killing of Vincent Chin

text: The verdict angered the Asian American communities in the Detroit area and around the country. Journalist Helen Zia and lawyer Liza Chan () led the fight for federal charges, which resulted in the two killers being accused of two counts of violating Chin's civil rights, under section 245 of title 18 of the United States Code.


title: Killing of Vincent Chin

text: The 1984 federal civil rights case against the men found Ebens guilty of the second count and sentenced him to 25 years in prison; Nitz was acquitted of both counts. After an appeal, Ebens' conviction was overturned in 1986—a federal appeals court found that an attorney had improperly coached prosecution witnesses.


title: Killing of Vincent Chin

text: After a retrial that was moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, due to the publicity the case had received in Detroit, a jury cleared Ebens of all charges in 1987.


title: Killing of Vincent Chin

text: A civil suit for the unlawful death of Vincent Chin was settled out of court on March 23, 1987. Michael Nitz was ordered to pay $50,000. Ronald Ebens was ordered to pay $1.5 million, at $200/month for the first two years and 25% of his income or $200/month thereafter, whichever was greater. This represented the projected loss of income from Vincent Chin's engineering position, as well as Lily Chin's loss of Vincent's services as a laborer and driver. However, Chin's estate would not be allowed to garnish social security, disability, or Ebens' pension from Chrysler, nor could the estate place a lien on Ebens' house.


title: Killing of Vincent Chin

text: In November 1989, Ebens reappeared in court for a creditor's hearing, where he detailed his finances and reportedly pledged to make good on his debt to the Chin estate. However, in 1997, the Chin estate was forced to renew the civil suit, as it was allowed to do every ten years. With accrued interest and other charges, the adjusted total became $4,683,653.89. Ebens sought in 2015 to have the resulting lien against his house vacated.


title: Killing of Vincent Chin

text: In September 1987, Chin's mother, Lily, moved from Oak Park back to her hometown of Guangzhou, China, reportedly to avoid being reminded of her son's death. She returned to the United States for medical treatment in late 2001 and died on June 9, 2002. Prior to her death, Lily Chin established a scholarship in Vincent's memory, to be administered by American Citizens for Justice.


title: Killing of Vincent Chin

text: The attack was considered a hate crime by many, but it predated the passage of hate crime laws in the United States. The ACJ quickly gained the support of diverse ethnic and religious groups, advocacy organizations, and politicians like the Detroit City Council president and Congressman John Conyers.


title: Killing of Vincent Chin

text: After Chin's murder was raised during a 1998 House of Representatives hearing on the Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 1997, Conyers mistook Chin to be Japanese-American and argued that Chin's case was not of racial injustice but rather political, about the automobile industry. Conyers later introduced multiple hate crimes bills from 1999 to 2009.


title: Killing of Vincent Chin

text: Chin's case has been cited by some Asian Americans in support of the idea that they are considered "perpetual foreigners" in contrast to "real" Americans who are considered full citizens. Lily Chin stated: "What kind of law is this? What kind of justice? This happened because my son is Chinese. If two Chinese killed a white person, they must go to jail, maybe for their whole lives... Something is wrong with this country."


title: Killing of Vincent Chin

text: In 2010, the city of Ferndale, Michigan, erected a legal milestone marker at the intersection of Woodward Avenue and 9 Mile Road in memorial of the killing of Chin.


title: Stephen Marley (musician)

text: Stephen Robert Nesta Marley (born April 20, 1974) is a Jamaican-American musician. The son of Bob Marley, Marley is an eight-time Grammy Award winner, three times as a solo artist, twice as a producer of younger brother Damian Marley's "Halfway Tree" and "Welcome to Jamrock" albums, and a further three times as a member of his older brother Ziggy Marley's group Ziggy Marley & The Melody Makers.


title: Stephen Marley (musician)

text: Marley's 2011 album "Revelation Pt. 1 – The Root of Life" won the Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album in 2012. His follow-up, "Revelation Pt. 2 – The Fruit of Life", was released on July 22, 2016.


title: Stephen Marley (musician)

text: In several of his self-produced solo albums "Mind Control" (2007), "Mind Control Acoustic" (2008), "Revelation Part I: The Root of Life" (2011) and "Revelation Part II: The Fruit of Life" (2016) he has composed and produced all the songs on his album, and he has played a variety of the musical instruments himself.


title: Stephen Marley (musician)

text: On April 3, 2017, Marley and Pitbull performed at The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, playing their single, "Options".


title: Stephen Marley (musician)

text: In 1979, a five-year-old Marley started his musical career as part of the child band Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers alongside older siblings Ziggy, Sharon and Cedella – the children of Bob Marley and wife, Rita. The Melody Makers recorded the song "Children Playing in the Streets" written by their father Bob Marley. Proceeds of the sale of the song went to the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). In 1980, Stephen performed the lead on the Melody Makers' single "Sugar Pie".


title: Stephen Marley (musician)

text: Stephen and older brother Ziggy – Bob Marley's two eldest sons – were directly mentored into music by their father and performed alongside Bob Marley and the Wailers at the 1978 One Love Peace Concert in Kingston, Jamaica, 1979 Reggae Sunsplash in Montego Bay and at Zimbabwe's independence celebrations in Salisbury, Rhodesia (Harare, Zimbabwe) in 1980. The brothers performed, alongside the Wailers and the I Threes, at their father's funeral on May 21, 1981.


title: Stephen Marley (musician)

text: After Bob Marley's death, the Melody Makers continued with Ziggy taking over as the group's leader, composing songs such as "What a Plot" in 1982, as well as "Lying in Bed" and "I Met Her on a Rainy Day" in 1984. In 1985, the group released their first album, "Play the Game Right". With their third album, "Conscious Party", the group was now called "Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers" with Ziggy performing the lead vocals, and Stephen playing instruments, the group gained fame with hits such as "Tomorrow People," "Tumblin' Down," "Lee and Molly" and "Conscious Party." The album went platinum in the United States, and the Melody Makers would become the youngest recipients of the Grammy for Best Reggae album for Conscious Party.


title: Stephen Marley (musician)

text: Their follow up album "One Bright Day" released in 1989 featured the hit "Look Who's Dancing" written by Ziggy and Stephen. Just 17 at the time, Stephen shared the lead vocals with his big brother and performed dancehall toasting on the song, which also featured energetic backing female vocals by Sharon, Cedella and Erica. Stephen earned the nickname "Raggamuffin" or "Ragga" as he was the first Marley to engage in dancehall rap/deejaying.


title: Stephen Marley (musician)

text: Other albums released in the 1990s included "Jahmekya", "Free Like We Want to B", "Joy and Blues", "Fallen is Babylon" and "Spirit of Music". Stephen played a mostly background role, as an instrumentalist, songwriter, and co-producer; but performed the lead vocals on some songs such as "Keep On," "Postman," and "One Good Spliff." Stephen shared the lead with Ziggy on songs such as "Works to Do," a track produced by Stephen himself, and "Water and Oil" adding ragga toasting to Ziggy's singing. Another Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers song written and fronted (lead vocals) by Stephen was "Tipsy Dazy" featured in the soundtrack of the 1997 Hollywood film Anaconda. Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers won a total of three Grammy awards for Best Reggae Album.


title: Stephen Marley (musician)

text: In 1999, Marley produced "Chant Down Babylon" a remix album of Bob Marley's music, modernised to appeal to a modern audience, featuring hip-hop, R&B and rock stars including Lauryn Hill, Erykah Badu, Guru, Busta Rhymes, MC Lyte, Steven Tyler, Joe Perry, Chuck D, and The Roots. The single "Turn Your Lights Down Low" featuring Lauryn Hill became a huge hit internationally, Marley modernising a song that had received little attention as a B side song in the 1977 Exodus album.


title: Stephen Marley (musician)

text: In 1996, Stephen produced debut albums by younger brothers Julian and Damian Marley (Bob Marley's sons from relationships outside his marriage to Rita). Stephen was particularly successful in Damian's musical success, producing his brother's first three albums, "Mr Marley" (1996), as well as the Grammy Award-winning "Halfway Tree" (2001) and "Welcome to Jamrock" (2005). Stephen contributed production of three songs to Damian's collaboration album with Nas, "Distant Relatives" (2010). On that album, Stephen produced the songs "Patience," "Leaders" and "In His Own Words," lending vocals to the latter two tracks.


title: Stephen Marley (musician)

text: Marley also worked with the Fugees in their mid 1990s remake of Bob Marley's "No Woman No Cry," and produced music for popular hip-hop artists such as Krayzie Bone ("Revolution" from 'Thug Mentality' album 1999), Erykah Badu ("In Love with You" from 'Mama's Gun' album 2000), Eve ("No, no, no" from her 'Scorpion' album, 2001), and Mr Cheeks ("Mama Say" and "Till We Meet Again" from the 'John P Kelly' album, 2001) . He also produced music for dancehall artists such as Capleton, ("Sunshine Girl" from the "Reign of Fire" album, 2004) and reggae legends Inner Circle, ("Smoke Gets in My Eyes" from the 'State of Da World' album, 2009).


title: Stephen Marley (musician)

text: In 2022 he produced an EP in tribute to Nina Simone, "Celebrating Nina: A Reggae Tribute to Nina Simone", featuring Queen Ifrica, Cedella Marley, and Etana.


title: Stephen Marley (musician)

text: After spending many years in the background as a producer, and backing big brother Ziggy as a Melody Maker, Marley finally became a solo artist, releasing the albums "Mind Control" (2007), "Mind Control Acoustic" (2008), "Revelation Part I: The Root of Life" (2011), and "Revelation Part II: The Fruit of Life" (2016). His first three solo albums won Grammy awards for Best Reggae Album, adding to the three Grammy awards he had already won as a member of Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers and the two other Grammy awards he earned for producing younger brother Damian's albums "Halfway Tree" and "Welcome to Jamrock"."


title: Stephen Marley (musician)

text: "Mind Control", which featured the single "Hey Baby" featuring Mos Def peaked at number 35 on the Billboard Hot 100, while "Revelation Part I: The Root of Life" reached position 92 and "Revelation Part II: The Fruit of Life" peaked at position 129. All Marley's albums reached the number 1 position on the Billboard reggae charts.


title: Stephen Marley (musician)

text: In reviewing "Revelation Part II: The Fruit of Life", Jon Pareless, writing in "The New York Times" on July 20, 2016, noted that:


title: Marcus Scribner

text: Marcus Scribner (born January 7, 2000) is an American actor. He is best known for starring as Andre "Junior" Johnson Jr. in all eight seasons of the ABC sitcom "Black-ish", before starring as Junior in its spin-off "Grown-ish" from the fifth season onward (also serving as the series' narrator, after guest starring in the second to fourth seasons and "Mixed-ish"), as well as voicing the character Bow in the Netflix animated series "She-Ra and the Princesses of Power".


title: Marcus Scribner

text: Scribner was born and raised in Los Angeles. His name is derived from Roman and Greek mythology, like those of his father Troy and sister Athena. Scribner also has a dog named Zeus whom he adopted as a puppy to commemorate his first professional acting job. Similar to his character on "Black-ish", his father is Black while his mother is biracial (Black and white). His father's family is from Los Angeles while his maternal grandmother is from England. He began studying acting at age seven. At the time he was very shy and didn't have any hobbies. In addition to sports, Scribner took an acting class and immediately fell in love with it. From that point, Scribner took acting classes on the weekends. Scribner later admitted that at the time, he was afraid of getting injured. Despite that, he enjoys sports such as basketball and lacrosse and also loves video games. When he was in kindergarten, Scribner hit his head on concrete while playing basketball and had to get five staples. Scribner started playing the clarinet in fifth grade. Though Scribner started at public high school in 2014, by early 2015, he was enrolled in home school to accommodate his work schedule.


title: Marcus Scribner

text: When he was 10 years old, Scribner booked his first guest-star role on the ABC crime dramedy "Castle". Scribner would go on to appear in an episodes of Fox's "New Girl", TBS' "Wedding Band" and Nickelodeon's "Wendell & Vinnie". At the age of 14, Scribner booked his first major role when he was cast in the role Andre Johnson Jr. in the ABC sitcom "Black-ish" opposite Anthony Anderson, Tracee Ellis Ross, Laurence Fishburne and Jenifer Lewis. Scribner actually beat out Anderson's own son Nathan for the role. In an interview with "Teen Vogue", the actor explained that he heavily identified with the show. Scribner was 13 when he first auditioned for the series and 14 years old when the pilot was filmed. Scribner received an NAACP Image Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy for his portrayal of Junior in the first season. In 2015, Scribner voiced Buck in Pixar's animated film "The Good Dinosaur". In 2016, Scribner began voicing the recurring role of Smudge as a guest star on the Netflix animated series "". Later that summer Scribner started production on the Independent comedy "Alexander IRL" opposite Nathan Kress. With the launch of the Freeform spin-off "Grown-ish", Scribner takes on a more prominent role during the fourth season of "Black-ish". In 2018, it was announced that Scribner would star in thriller "Confessional."


title: Marcus Scribner

text: Scribner voiced Bow in the animated Netflix series, "She-Ra and the Princesses of Power". As his name suggests, Bow is a skilled archer. Bow is also the best friend of Glimmer and She-Ra.


title: Marcus Scribner

text: In March 2022, it was announced that Scribner would be continuing as Andre Johnson Jr. by shifting over to "Grown-ish" for its fifth season, following the end of "Black-ish"s eight season run, replacing Yara Shahidi as the lead character and narrator of the series.


title: Skimmed milk

text: Skimmed milk (British English), or skim milk (American English), is made when all the milkfat is removed from whole milk. It tends to contain around 0.1% fat.


title: Skimmed milk

text: Historically, skimmed milk was used for fattening pigs, and was recommended as "not only the very best supplement for growing pigs, but is of almost equal value for fattening purposes" as it "furnishes a complete protein” and makes the feed "more palatable".


title: Skimmed milk

text: In the UK milk is sometimes still delivered by milkmen, it can delivered on the doorsteps by a milkman in the early hours of the morning in glass pint bottles with the colour printed foil lid indicating the milkfat content. Whole milk had plain silver foil, semi-skimmed milk had silver foil with red stripes and skimmed milk silver foil with a blue checker pattern.


title: Skimmed milk

text: United States milk producers also use a color-coding system to identify milk types, usually with the bottle cap or colored accents on the packaging. Whole milk is often denoted by red, while 2% is most often colored blue. 1% and skim colors vary by region or dairy, with common colors for these lines being purple, green, yellow, pink, or light blue.


title: Skimmed milk

text: Today, most skimmed milk is created by spinning whole milk in a centrifuge so that the fat droplets separate out.


title: Safety Not Guaranteed

text: Safety Not Guaranteed is a 2012 American science fiction romantic comedy film directed by Colin Trevorrow and starring Aubrey Plaza and Mark Duplass. The picture was screened at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival, where it won the Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award. The film was inspired by a joke classified ad that ran in "Backwoods Home Magazine" in 1997.


title: Safety Not Guaranteed

text: Darius Britt is an intelligent but disillusioned graduate of the University of Washington who lives at home in Seattle with her widower father and works as an intern at "Seattle Magazine". One of the magazine's writers, Jeff Schwensen, proposes to investigate a newspaper classified ad that reads:


title: Safety Not Guaranteed

text: Jeff's boss Bridget approves of his story idea and Jeff selects his team: Darius and Arnau, a studious UW student interning at the magazine to diversify his résumé for medical school applications. They travel to the seaside community of Ocean View to find and profile the person who wrote the ad. Jeff's ulterior motive for this out-of-town assignment is to track down his long-lost love interest who lives in town.


title: Safety Not Guaranteed

text: Darius discovers the ad was placed by Kenneth Calloway, a stock clerk at a local grocery store. Jeff's attempt to approach Kenneth alienates him, so Jeff orders Darius to make contact. Darius' disaffected attitude serves her well, and she quickly endears herself to Kenneth as she poses as a candidate to accompany him on his mission. While Kenneth is paranoid and believes secret agents are tracking his every move, Darius gains his trust as she participates in a series of training exercises in the woods around his house and she begins to develop feelings for him. She tells Kenneth about losing her mother when she was young and her mission is to prevent her mother's death. Kenneth says his mission is to go back to 2001 and prevent the death of his old girlfriend, Belinda, who was killed when someone drove a car into her house.


title: Safety Not Guaranteed

text: Meanwhile, Jeff tracks down Liz, a fling from his teenage years. Although she is not as attractive as he recalls, they reconnect and sleep together. He asks her to come back with him to Seattle, but she believes this is just another fling for him, so she refuses. Upset by her rejection, Jeff takes Arnau out on the town and they pick up some young women. Jeff tells Arnau to not waste his youth and convinces him to spend the night with one of the women.


title: Safety Not Guaranteed

text: The next morning, Jeff receives a phone call from Bridget, who has been following up the team's notes on the story. She informs Jeff that Belinda is still alive and lives an hour away from where they are. During an interview, Darius learns Belinda was only friends with Kenneth and Kenneth actually was the one who drove into her then-boyfriend's house, yet no one was injured. After the interview, Darius is questioned by two government agents who have been following Kenneth and believe that he may be a spy because of his communication with government scientists. They know Kenneth has been breaking into labs and stealing equipment.


title: Safety Not Guaranteed

text: Darius returns to Kenneth's house to confront him, but Kenneth rationalizes Belinda is now alive because his time travel mission succeeded. Jeff runs in to warn them that the government agents are also on the property. Kenneth panics and runs into the woods. Darius follows Kenneth, who has boarded his time machine, which has been integrated into a small boat on the lake. Darius apologizes for lying to Kenneth, tells him everything else they shared was real, and joins him on the boat. Kenneth tells Darius that his mission is now only to go back for her. Jeff, Arnau, and the agents watch as Kenneth and Darius activate the time machine and vanish. A filmed interview, presumably from earlier, shows Kenneth explaining why he chose to enlist a partner for his time travels.


title: Safety Not Guaranteed

text: In the September/October 1997 issue of "Backwoods Home", Senior Editor John Silveira wrote a joke ad as filler for the magazine's classified ad section:


title: Safety Not Guaranteed

text: This issue of the magazine also featured a fake personals ad using the same post office box, Silveria's own mailing address, which Silveria thought would give away the joke. However, the "Safety Not Guaranteed" ad became a cultural phenomenon. The address received thousands of letters in response to the time travel ad. The ad was featured on "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno" and discussed repeatedly on the "Car Talk" radio series.


title: Safety Not Guaranteed

text: Conolly came across references to the ad in 2007, and initially assumed it was genuine: “There was something really sad about it all. What if he is really lamenting something from his past that he wants to go back and fix. That’s what drew my attention.” Conolly wrote a first draft of the script as a buddy comedy but later re-wrote the lead role with Plaza in mind, after seeing her performance in "Funny People". Wanting to gain permission of the ad's writer to adapt the concept into a film, Conolly eventually tracked down Silviera who gave his blessing.


title: Safety Not Guaranteed

text: The film was shot in Seattle and Ocean Shores, Washington, and other locations within 30 miles of Seattle. It is also partially set in Seattle. The film was shot with a Sony F3 camera using old Panavision lenses, which gave the film a desired "Hal Ashby look" for director Colin Trevorrow. Production budget was reported by The Film Collaborative to be $750,000. Duplass and his brother Jay received executive producer credit.


title: Safety Not Guaranteed

text: "Safety Not Guaranteed" has a 91% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on reviews from 150 critics; the average rating is 7.40/10. The site's critical consensus states: ""Safety Not Guaranteed"s ostensibly modest ambitions are outmatched by the movie's strong performances, beguiling charm, and heartfelt story." Metacritic gives the film a score of 72/100 based on reviews from 31 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


title: Safety Not Guaranteed

text: Stephen Holden of "The New York Times" wrote that the story's shenanigans are "harnessed to a plaintive underlying theme about the fading dreams of those aspiring professionals in their 20s and 30s." Roger Ebert praised the film for the quality of the dialogue, characters with depth and dimension, as well as Mark Duplass for his balanced performance.


title: Safety Not Guaranteed

text: "Safety Not Guaranteed" has been called "one of the most influential films of the last decade" in terms of its effect on the film making industry. Made in 2012 with a first-time director and writer and costing less than a million dollars, this character-driven indie caught the eye of Netflix, foreshadowing the role of streaming in film creation and distribution and of such directors being tapped to direct big-budget films due to their experience with well-regarded small-budget films.


title: M3U

text: M3U ("MP3 URL" or Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer 3 Uniform Resource Locator in full) is a computer file format for a multimedia playlist. One common use of the M3U file format is creating a single-entry playlist file pointing to a stream on the Internet. The created file provides easy access to that stream and is often used in downloads from a website, for emailing, and for listening to Internet radio.


title: M3U

text: Although originally designed for audio files, such as MP3, it is commonly used to point media players to audio and video sources, including online sources. M3U was originally developed by Fraunhofer for use with their Winplay3 software, but numerous media players and software applications now support the format.


title: M3U

text: Careless handling of M3U playlists has been the cause of vulnerabilities in many music players such as VLC media player, iTunes, Winamp, and many others.


title: M3U

text: An M3U file is a plain text file that specifies the locations of one or more media files. The file is saved with the "m3u" filename extension if the text is encoded in the local system's default non-Unicode encoding (e.g., a Windows codepage), or with the "m3u8" extension if the text is UTF-8 encoded.


title: M3U

text: Each entry ends with a line break which separates it from the following one. Furthermore, some devices only accept line breaks represented as codice_1, but do not recognize a single codice_2.


title: M3U

text: The M3U file can also include comments, prefaced by the "#" character. In extended M3U, "#" also introduces extended M3U directives which are terminated by a colon ":" if they support parameters.


title: M3U

text: Apple used the extended M3U format as a base for their HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) which was documented in an Independent Submission Stream RFC in 2017 as RFC 8216. Therein, a "master playlist" references segment playlists which usually contain URLs for short parts of the media stream. Some tags only apply to the former type and some only to the latter type of playlist, but they all begin with codice_3.


title: M3U

text: The Unicode version of M3U is M3U8, which uses UTF-8-encoded characters. M3U8 files are the basis for the HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) format originally developed by Apple to stream video and radio to iOS devices, and which is now a popular format for adaptive streaming in general.


title: M3U

text: The 2015 proposal for the HLS playlist format uses UTF-8 exclusively and does not distinguish between the "m3u" and "m3u8" file name extensions.


title: M3U

text: The only Internet media type registered for M3U and M3U8 is codice_4, registered in 2009 and only referring to the playlist format as used in HLS applications.


title: M3U

text: The current proposal for the HLS playlist format acknowledges two media types which it treats as equivalent: codice_4 and codice_6. Likewise, these are the two types recommended for HLS use by Microsoft.


title: M3U

text: For non-HLS applications, no media types were standardized or registered with the IANA, but a number of media types are nonetheless associated with the historical and ongoing use of the M3U and M3U8 formats for general playlists:


title: M3U

text: These types, plus codice_4 and codice_12, are supported for HLS applications by (for example) Microsoft's Windows 10 and Internet Explorer 9, and LG's WebOS.


title: M3U

text: This is an example of an extended M3U file on the Windows platform. Sample.mp3 and Example.ogg are the media files. 123 and 321 are the lengths in seconds. A length of -1 or 0 may be used when the media file is a streaming file, as there is no actual, predefined length value. The value after the length is the title to be shown, which is generally the same as the location of the file which is on the second line. On the macOS and Linux platforms, Unix paths are used.


title: M3U

text: This example shows how to create an m3u file linking to a specified directory (for example, a flash drive, or CD-ROM). The m3u file should contain only one string: the path to the directory. After starting, the media player will play all contents of the directory:


title: M3U

text: Here is another example, using relative format. The M3U file is placed in the same directory as the music, and directories must be preserved when moving the playlist to another device if subdirectories are used. This method is more flexible, as it does not rely on the file path staying the same.


title: M3U

text: The following is an example of a M3U playlist file for "Jar of Flies" album by "Alice in Chains" that was created by Mp3tag with the following custom option settings:


title: M3U

text: The following tag editor software allows users to edit the ID3 tags in MP3 files, and has support for creating M3U files.


title: Ellison Onizuka

text: Born on June 24, 1946, Onizuka was the oldest son and second-youngest child of Masamitsu and Mitsue Onizuka. He was a Buddhist. He had two older sisters, Shirley and Norma, and a younger brother, Claude, who became the family spokesman after the "Challenger" disaster. Growing up, Ellison was an active participant in FFA, 4-H, and the Boy Scouts of America, where he reached the level of Eagle Scout.


title: Ellison Onizuka

text: Onizuka graduated from Konawaena High School in 1964. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering in June 1969, and a Master of Science degree in that field in December of the same year, from the University of Colorado at Boulder. He participated in U.S. Air Force ROTC during his time there and is an alumnus of Triangle Fraternity, as well as a member of the Tau Beta Pi honor society.


title: Ellison Onizuka

text: Onizuka married Lorna Leiko Yoshida on June 7, 1969, while completing his studies at the University of Colorado. They had two daughters, Janelle Onizuka-Gillilan (b. 1969) and Darien Lei Shizue Onizuka-Morgan (b. 1975).


title: Ellison Onizuka

text: On January 15, 1970, Onizuka entered active duty with the United States Air Force, where he served as a flight test engineer and test pilot at Sacramento Air Logistics Center at McClellan Air Force Base. He worked in test flight programs and systems security engineering for the F-84, F-100, F-105, F-111, EC-121T, T-33, T-39, T-28, and A-1.


title: Ellison Onizuka

text: From August 1974 to July 1975, Onizuka attended the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School. In July 1975, he was assigned to the Flight Test Center at Edwards Air Force Base in California. He became a squadron flight test engineer at the USAF Test Pilot School, and later worked as a manager for engineering support in the training resources division. His duties there consisted of course instruction and management of the airship fleet (A-7, A-37, T-38, F-4, T-33, and NKC-135) being used for the Test Pilot School and Flight Test Center. While at the school, he registered more than 1,700 flight hours.


title: Ellison Onizuka

text: Onizuka was selected for the astronaut program in January 1978 and completed one year of evaluation and training in August 1979. Later, he worked in the experimentation team, Orbiter test team, and launch support crew at Kennedy Space Center for the STS-1 and STS-2. At NASA, he worked on the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL) test and revision software team.


title: Ellison Onizuka

text: Onizuka's first space mission took place on January 24, 1985, with the launch of mission STS 51-C on Space Shuttle "Discovery", the first Space Shuttle mission for the Department of Defense. He was accompanied by Commander Ken Mattingly, Pilot Loren Shriver, fellow Mission Specialist James Buchli, and Payload Specialist Gary E. Payton. During the mission, he was responsible for the activities of the primary payloads, which included the unfolding of the Inertial Upper Stage (IUS) surface. After 48 orbits around the Earth, "Discovery" landed at Kennedy Space Center on January 27, 1985. He had completed a total of 74 hours in space.


title: Ellison Onizuka

text: Onizuka was assigned to the mission STS 51-L on the Space Shuttle "Challenger" that took off from Kennedy Space Center at 11:38:00 EST (16:38:00 UTC) on January 28, 1986. The other "Challenger" crew members were commander Dick Scobee, pilot Michael J. Smith, mission specialists Ronald McNair, Judith Resnik, and payload specialists Gregory Jarvis and Christa McAuliffe. The shuttle was destroyed when a flame jet leaking from a solid rocket booster ruptured the liquid hydrogen fuel tank 73 seconds after launch. All seven crew members were killed.


title: Ellison Onizuka

text: Following the "Challenger" disaster, examination of the recovered vehicle cockpit revealed that three of the crew members' Personal Egress Air Packs were activated: those of Onizuka, mission specialist Judith Resnik, and pilot Michael Smith. The location of Smith's activation switch, on the back side of his seat, means that either Resnik or Onizuka could have activated it for him. This is the only evidence available from the disaster that shows Onizuka and Resnik were alive after the cockpit separated from the vehicle. However, if the cabin had lost pressure, the packs alone would not have sustained the crew during the two-minute descent.


title: Ellison Onizuka

text: Onizuka was buried at the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific in Honolulu, Hawaii. At the time of his death, he held the rank of lieutenant colonel. Posthumously, he was promoted to the rank of colonel.


title: Ellison Onizuka

text: Onizuka belonged to the following organizations: Society of Flight Test Engineers, the Air Force Association, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Tau Beta Pi, Sigma Tau, Arnold Air Society, and Triangle Fraternity.


title: Ellison Onizuka

text: Among his distinctions are the Air Force Meritorious Service Medal, Air Force Commendation Medal, Air Force Outstanding Unit Award, Air Force Organizational Excellence Award, National Defense Service Medal, Air Force Longevity Award, and NASA Space Flight Medal. He was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor.


title: Ellison Onizuka

text: Onizuka Air Force Station in Sunnyvale, California and Onizuka Village family housing on Hickam Air Force Base are dedicated to him.


title: Ellison Onizuka

text: The Ellison S. Onizuka Space Center at Kona International Airport in the Kona district of Hawaii island where he was born and raised, was dedicated to him. The center closed in March 2016 and was unable to find a suitable location to reopen. Select items from the center's collection have been put on permanent display at the Japanese Cultural Center of Hawaii in Moiliili on the island of Oahu. They not only feature Onizuka's personal items, but also the only Moon rock in Hawaii and the space suit from Apollo 13 astronaut Fred Haise.


title: Ellison Onizuka

text: Two astronomical features were also named after him: an asteroid discovered by Edward L. G. Bowell on February 8, 1984, 3355 Onizuka and a 29-km-diameter crater on the Moon, Onizuka.


title: Ellison Onizuka

text: Little Tokyo in Los Angeles, California also has a street named after him, as does the street surrounding Whitcomb Elementary school in Clear Lake City, Houston, Texas, where his daughters attended. It also named its library the Onizuka Memorial Library. (At the time of the "Challenger" disaster, his older daughter, Janelle, attended Clear Lake High School. His younger daughter, Darien Lei, was at Whitcomb.) In addition, Onizuka Street in Little Tokyo has a scale replica of the "Challenger" as a memorial, and a permanent memorial to Onizuka is located in the lobby of the Hompa Hongwanji Buddhist Temple.


title: Ellison Onizuka

text: The Onizuka Center for International Astronomy, named in Onizuka's honor, is the mid-level support and visitor complex for the Mauna Kea Observatories in Hawaii. It includes a Visitor Information Station as well as dining, lodging, office, and maintenance facilities for observatory staff and astronomers. A plaque of his face is mounted on a boulder by the entrance to the Visitor Information Station.


title: Ellison Onizuka

text: The Ann & H.J. Smead Aerospace Engineering Sciences building at the University of Colorado at Boulder features a conference room named after him on the third floor.


title: Ellison Onizuka

text: The Arnold Air Society Squadron attached to the 105th Air Force ROTC Detachment at the University of Colorado at Boulder bears Onizuka's name.


title: Ellison Onizuka

text: Page 28 (Page X of additional page inserts, or page 52 of the extended length version) of every new standard U.S. passport contains this quotation: "Every generation has the obligation to free men's minds for a look at new worlds... to look out from a higher plateau than the last generation." - Ellison Onizuka


title: Ellison Onizuka

text: The Hawaii Space Grant Consortium holds an annual Astronaut Ellison Onizuka Science Day at the University of Hawai'i-Hilo for students in grades 4–12, parents and teachers. El Camino College in Torrance, California hosts an annual Onizuka Space Science Day, jointly organized by the Onizuka Memorial Committee.


title: Ellison Onizuka

text: The students at the United States Air Force Test Pilot School present the Onizuka Prop Wash Award to the classmate who contributed most to class spirit and morale.


title: Ellison Onizuka

text: On January 1, 2017, the airport in his home district of Kona was renamed Ellison Onizuka Kona International Airport at Keāhole.


title: Ellison Onizuka

text: Clear Lake High School, where Ellison's children went to school, has on display a soccer ball that was on board the "Challenger" during the accident. It was given to Ellison on behalf of the soccer team that he coached, and for which his children played, to be brought into space. The ball was retrieved during the recovery efforts and donated to the school. In 2016, Col. Robert Kimbrough on Expedition 49/50 brought the ball into space.


title: Ellison Onizuka

text: A Cygnus resupply vehicle on ISS resupply mission Cygnus NG-16 was named the "SS Ellison Onizuka" in his honor. It launched on August 10, 2021, and arrived at the ISS on August 12.


title: William Shatner filmography

text: William Shatner (born 1931) is a Canadian actor who has had a career in film and television for seven decades. Shatner's breakthrough role was his portrayal of James T. Kirk in "".


title: Wolf (1994 film)

text: Wolf is a 1994 American romantic horror film directed by Mike Nichols and starring Jack Nicholson, Michelle Pfeiffer, James Spader, Kate Nelligan, Richard Jenkins, Christopher Plummer, Eileen Atkins, David Hyde Pierce, and Om Puri. It was written by Jim Harrison and Wesley Strick, and an uncredited Elaine May. The music was composed by Ennio Morricone and the cinematography was done by Giuseppe Rotunno.


title: Wolf (1994 film)

text: Will Randall is bitten by a black wolf he accidentally struck while driving home in Vermont. Afterwards, he gets demoted from editor-in-chief of a publishing house when it gets taken over by tycoon Raymond Alden, who replaces him with Will's protégé Stewart Swinton. Will discovers that Stewart had begged Raymond for the job behind Will's back and suspects that Stewart is having an affair with his wife Charlotte, after he smells Stewart's scent on her clothes. Will bites Stewart on the hand while entering his apartment and rushes to the room to find Charlotte half-naked. His worst fears are confirmed, and he leaves without saying a word. Will becomes more aggressive as he starts taking on the characteristics of a wolf.


title: Wolf (1994 film)

text: With the help of Raymond's headstrong daughter Laura, Will sets out for his new life. His first werewolf transformation takes place at Laura's estate, where he wakes up at night and hunts down a deer. In the morning, Will finds himself on the bank of a stream, with blood all over his face and hands. He visits Dr. Vijav Alezais, who gives him an amulet to protect him from turning completely into a wolf. However, he cannot persuade Will to infect him. That night, Will transforms into a werewolf again: he breaks into the zoo and steals handcuffs from a policeman. Muggers want his wallet, but Will attacks and bites the fingers off one of them. He wakes up in his hotel, with no memory of what happened.


title: Wolf (1994 film)

text: Will organizes a mutiny of writers, who threaten to leave the publishing house unless he is retained as editor-in-chief. Raymond agrees, and Will's first act is to fire Stewart, urinating on his shoes in a bathroom and claiming he is "marking his territory". While washing his hands, Will finds the fingers in his handkerchief and realizes he has wounded someone. He cuffs himself to a radiator in his hotel room, but Laura arrives and downplays his belief that he is werewolf. The next morning, Detective Bridger knocks on Will's door to inform him that Charlotte was found dead in Central Park with canine DNA on her. Will wonders if he murdered Charlotte, but does not know that it was actually Stewart who killed her.


title: Wolf (1994 film)

text: Believing Will is a murderer, Laura goes to the police station. There, she runs into Stewart, who makes an animal-like pass at her while sporting increasingly obvious werewolf traits (noticeably, golden eyes). Laura hurries away, making arrangements for her and Will to leave the country. After killing two guards at the estate, Stewart corners Laura in the barn with the intention to rape her, but Will intervenes after discarding the amulet restraining him and the two fight; in the end, Stewart is shot to death by Laura after getting heavily mauled by Will. Still in a half-human state, Will has a brief moment with Laura and then runs into the forest before anyone else can arrive.


title: Wolf (1994 film)

text: Minutes later, Laura herself shows heightened senses when the police arrive; telling Bridger that she can smell vodka on his breath before taking her leave. The final scene is a close-up of her face and of Will finally turning into a full wolf howling for Laura. Then it goes back to Laura's face as her eyes become wolf-like, hinting that she herself is transforming into a werewolf.


title: Wolf (1994 film)

text: Screenwriter Jim Harrison left the production because of creative differences with director Mike Nichols, claiming, "I wanted Dionysian, but he wanted Apollonian. He took my wolf and made it into a Chihuahua. I cracked up for 10 minutes and then went out into the country and stood in front of a wolf den and apologized while my dog hid under the truck." Following his experience with the film, Harrison decided to leave Hollywood.


title: Wolf (1994 film)

text: Mia Farrow was initially signed on for the role of Charlotte Randall, but was apparently considered too controversial a choice by the film company due to the then-current Woody Allen and Soon-Yi Previn affair. She decided to take a pay cut to accommodate the studios but had to eventually bow out in the long run due to other scheduling conflicts. Kate Nelligan was immediately cast instead.


title: Wolf (1994 film)

text: Sharon Stone turned down the role of Laura Alden, eventually played by Michelle Pfeiffer. Filming took place in New York City, Long Island, and Los Angeles. The exteriors for Raymond Alden's country mansion were filmed at Old Westbury Gardens in Nassau County, New York. Will Randall's publishing offices are in the Bradbury Building in downtown Los Angeles, a location frequently used in movies.


title: Wolf (1994 film)

text: The film was shot from early April to late July in 1993. Its release was delayed for six to eight months, in order to reshoot the poorly received ending.


title: Wolf (1994 film)

text: The wolves were professionally trained by employees from Thousand Oaks, California's "Animal Actors of Hollywood" and Palmdale, California's "Performing Animal Troupe".


title: Wolf (1994 film)

text: "Wolf" grossed $65 million domestically and $66 million internationally, for a total of $131 million worldwide.


title: Wolf (1994 film)

text: "Wolf" holds a score of 63% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 56 reviews. The website's consensus reads, ""Wolf" misses the jugular after showing flashes of killer instinct early on, but engaging stars and deft direction make this a unique horror-romance worth watching".


title: Wolf (1994 film)

text: Janet Maslin of "The New York Times" wrote, "So long as it stays confined to the level of metaphor, as it does in the first hour of "Wolf", this idea really is irresistible." Roger Ebert of the "Chicago Sun-Times" wrote, ""Wolf" is both more and less than a traditional werewolf movie. Less, because it doesn't provide the frankly vulgar thrills and excesses some audience members are going to be hoping for. And more, because Nicholson and his director, Mike Nichols, are halfway serious about exploring what might happen if a New York book editor did become a werewolf". Hal Hinson of "The Washington Post" wrote, "In its own delightfully peculiar way, the film is the only one of its kind ever made – a horror film about office politics ... The movie isn't wholly great; it starts to unravel just after the midway point. Still, there are charms enough all the way through to make it the most seductive, most enjoyable film of the summer". Peter Travers of "Rolling Stone" called it "a rapturous romantic thriller with a darkly comic subtext about what kills human values".


title: Wolf (1994 film)

text: Desson Howe of "The Washington Post" wrote that it "works beautifully when it's rooted in reality, when the Werewolf Thing functions as a multiple metaphor for unleashed-id sexuality and the law of the corporate jungle" Todd McCarthy of "Variety" wrote, "The studio must convince the horror/special-effects crowd to attend a Jack Nicholson/Michelle Pfeiffer/Mike Nichols picture and persuade the film-makers' fans to see a genre pic... But no matter how snazzy the trappings, when you get down to it, this is still, at heart, a werewolf picture". "Time Out" wrote, "Quite frankly, it's hard to fathom why exactly anyone would have wanted to make this slick, glossy, but utterly redundant werewolf movie... Overall, this is needlessly polished nonsense: not awful; just toothless, gutless and bloodless."


title: Wolf (1994 film)

text: "Wolf" won a Saturn Award for Best Writing for Jim Harrison and Wesley Strick's screenplay, and it was nominated for a further 5 Saturn Awards, in the categories of Best Horror Film, Best Actor (Jack Nicholson), Best Actress (Michelle Pfeiffer), Best Supporting Actor (James Spader) and Best Make-up (Rick Baker).


title: Wolf (1994 film)

text: Ennio Morricone was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television.


title: Phillips 66

text: The Phillips 66 Company is an American multinational energy company headquartered in Westchase, Houston, Texas. Its name, dating back to 1927 as a trademark of the Phillips Petroleum Company, helped ground the newly reconfigured Phillips 66. The company today was formed ten years after Phillips merged with Conoco to form ConocoPhillips, the merged company spun off its refining, chemical, and retail assets (known as downstream operations in the oil industry) into a new company bearing the Phillips name. It began trading on the New York Stock Exchange on May 1, 2012, under the ticker PSX.


title: Phillips 66

text: The company is engaged in refining, transporting, and marketing natural gas liquids (NGL) petrochemicals. They are also active in research and development of emerging energy sources and partners with Chevron on chemicals through a joint venture known as Chevron Phillips Chemical.


title: Phillips 66

text: Phillips 66 is ranked No. 29 on the Fortune 500 list and No. 74 on the Fortune Global 500 list as of 2022 with revenues of over $115 billion USD. Phillips 66 has approximately 14,000 employees worldwide and is active in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, and currently owns and licenses out various service station brands across the country, such as 76 and Conoco within the United States, and JET in Europe.


title: Phillips 66

text: The Phillips Petroleum Company was founded by Lee Eldas "L.E." Phillips and Frank Phillips of Bartlesville, Oklahoma, and incorporated on June 13, 1917. The new company had assets of $3 million, 27 employees and land throughout Oklahoma and Kansas. After discovery of Texas's huge Panhandle gas field in 1918 and the Hugoton Field to its north in Kansas, Phillips became increasingly involved in the rapidly developing natural gas industry. In particular, the company specialized in extracting liquids from natural gas and by 1925 was the nation's largest producer of natural gas liquids. According to the Phillips Petroleum Company Museum in Bartlesville, the “Phillips 66” name for the gasoline came about by a combination of events. The specific gravity of the gasoline was close to 66; the car testing the fuel did 66 miles per hour; and, the test took place on US Route 66. So, the naming committee unanimously voted for “Phillips 66.”


title: Phillips 66

text: The first Phillips 66 service station opened November 19, 1927, at 805 E. Central Street in Wichita, Kansas. This station still stands, preserved by the local historical society. The first Phillips 66 service station built in Texas opened on July 27, 1928, on the corner of 5th and Main streets in Turkey, Texas.


title: Phillips 66

text: The Phillips 66 shield logo, linking it to U.S. Route 66, was introduced in 1930 in a black and orange color scheme that would last nearly thirty years. In 1959, Phillips replaced these colors with red, white and black, the one still deployed. The first design had the second 6 lower than the first; the current design does not.


title: Phillips 66

text: From the late 1930s until the 1960s, Phillips employed registered nurses as "highway hostesses" that made random visits to Phillips 66 stations within their districts. The nurses inspected station restroom facilities to ensure they were clean and stocked with supplies. They also served as concierges, spreading goodwill for the company by helping motorists identify suitable dining and lodging facilities. (Union 76 employed similar hostesses, called the "Sparkle Corps".)


title: Phillips 66

text: Phillips was among the first oil companies to introduce a multi-grade motor oil, "TropArtic," in 1954. Such motor oils were designed to be used year-round in automobile engines, as opposed to single grades for which different grades of motor oils were recommended to meet weather variances.


title: Phillips 66

text: Phillips also had gasoline stations in Canada's western provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan under the name Pacific 66 until the late 1970s. In 1932, the 76 brand, long familiar in the western U.S., was created by Union Oil Company of California (later Unocal). In 1946, Phillips purchased the Utah-based Wasatch Oil Co., bringing the Phillips 66 brand to the northern Rocky Mountain states and the far eastern portions of Oregon and Washington.


title: Phillips 66

text: In 1966, Phillips entered the West Coast market by purchasing Tidewater Oil Co.'s refining and marketing properties in that region and rebranding all Flying A distributorships and service stations to Phillips 66.


title: Phillips 66

text: In 1967, Phillips became the nation's second oil company, after Texaco, to sell and market gasoline in all 50 states, by opening a Phillips 66 station in Anchorage, Alaska. However, Phillips' experiment in 50-state marketing was short-lived.


title: Phillips 66

text: The company withdrew from gasoline marketing in the northeastern U.S. in 1972, and sold the former Tidewater properties on the West Coast to The Oil & Shale Corporation (Tosco) in 1976. Today, Phillips 66 primarily operates in the Midwest and Southwest. In recent years, the 76, Phillips 66 and Conoco brand-names have begun to reappear in Eastern markets, including the New York City metro region, via a licensing deal with Motiva Enterprises.


title: Phillips 66

text: Phillips Petroleum created a joint venture with Chevron Corporation's chemicals and plastics division in 2000 and also acquired ARCO Alaska from BP. It purchased Tosco, which included Circle K convenience stores and Union 76 gasoline, in 2001. The 76 brand, long familiar in the western and southern U.S., was created by Union Oil Company of California (later Unocal) in 1932. In 1983, Phillips Petroleum purchased the General American Oil Company from owners Algur H. Meadows, Henry W. Peters, and Ralph G. Trippett.


title: Phillips 66

text: In 2002, Phillips Petroleum merged with Conoco to form ConocoPhillips. The merged company continued marketing gasoline and other products under the Phillips 66, Conoco, and 76 brands. However, Phillips 66 Company licenses the Phillips 66 brand to Suncor Energy for its Phillips 66-branded stations in Colorado.


title: Phillips 66

text: In 1973, Phillips began billing itself as "The Performance Company," promoting innovations with asphaltic materials, fertilizers, and other non-automotive products as well as its traditional automotive products. Other slogans have included: "Go first-class... Go Phillips 66"; "The gasoline that won the West"; "Good things for cars and the people who drive them"; "Hard working gas"; and "At Phillips 66, it's performance that counts." Their slogan as of July 2015 is "Proud To Be Here". Phillips 66's newest slogan as of 2017 is “Live To The Full”.


title: Phillips 66

text: Phillips 66 has long been a supporter of basketball in the Midwest and Southwest, particularly at the collegiate and senior amateur level. The men's and women's conference basketball tournaments of the Big Eight Conference, which featured multiple universities in Phillips 66's footprint, was officially sponsored by the firm since the 1980s: the sponsorship would move to its successor, the Big 12 Conference, in 1997 and Phillips remains the tournament's presenting sponsor to this day. Company employees founded the Phillips 66ers team in 1919: initially playing against other Bartlesville and Tulsa-area company teams or athletic clubs, chairman Frank Phillips would later expand the team to play a high-quality, nationwide schedule against other amateur teams while marketing Phillips 66 products. Before the foundation of the NBA after World War II, many top collegiate players would continue to play organized ball on these "industrial" teams while earning a living as corporate employees and keeping their amateur status to play in the Olympics. The most notable 66er was Bob Kurland, who won two NCAA titles at nearby Oklahoma A&M and was considered one of American basketball's first great "big men". The 7-footer passed up the opportunity to play pro for a marketing job at Phillips, winning three AAU titles and two Olympic gold medals while eventually rising to the executive level and helping to develop self-serve gas stations. Rising pro salaries and the resulting loss of national media coverage spelled doom for senior AAU ball, though, and the 66ers would close up shop after losing in the 1968 AAU quarterfinals.


title: Phillips 66

text: Phillips 66 conspicuously sponsored PBS programming during the 1980s. It funded "A.M. Weather"; "The Search for Solutions"; and "Onstage with Judith Somogi".


title: Phillips 66

text: On December 30, 2013, it was announced that Berkshire Hathaway would trade more than 19 million of its 27.2 million shares in Phillips 66 to acquire a business that makes additives that help crude oil flow through pipelines. The final number of shares was determined when the deal closed.


title: Phillips 66

text: On February 17, 2015, Phillips 66 sold two natural gas pipeline systems to its affiliate, Phillips 66 Partners for $1.01 billion in cash and stock.


title: Phillips 66

text: In the United States, the company operates Conoco, Phillips 66 and 76 stations. In Europe, Phillips 66 operates Jet filling stations in Austria, Denmark, Germany, Sweden and the United Kingdom. It sold its Jet stations in Belgium, the Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia to its Russian affiliate, Lukoil. It uses the Coop identity in Switzerland. The company is the fourth largest finished lubricants supplier in the United States. Phillips 66 has stations in 44 U.S. states, just behind Shell Oil Company and ExxonMobil, lacking a presence in Alaska, Delaware, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and West Virginia.


title: Phillips 66

text: Phillips 66 owns 13 refineries with a net crude oil capacity of , 10,000 branded marketing outlets, and of pipelines. It has 50 percent stake in DCP Midstream, LLC, a natural gas gatherers and processors with of processing capacity. It also owns 50 percent stake in Chevron Phillips Chemical Co.


title: Phillips 66

text: Phillips 66's Los Angeles (CA), Lake Charles (LA), San Francisco (CA), and Sweeney (TX) refineries receive and process crude oil from the Amazon River Basin of South America. In 2015, the Los Angeles refinery was processing 21,512 barrels per day of Amazonian oil.


title: Phillips 66

text: In 2012, after Phillips 66 split from ConocoPhillips, it moved its operations from the ConocoPhillips headquarters to the Pinnacle Westchase building, a nine-story Class A office building located on of land in Westchase, Houston. This was a temporary headquarters location.


title: Phillips 66

text: In July 2016, Phillips 66 completed its move to a new permanent headquarters on a plot of land in Westchase. The new headquarters is between Westheimer Road and Briar Forest, in close proximity to the Sam Houston Tollway. Phillips 66 purchased the land from a subsidiary of Thomas Properties Group. The architect of record is HOK. The official groundbreaking was in November 2013, and the opening was completed on schedule. The 1.1 million square foot headquarters includes conference spaces, medical facilities, food service facilities, outdoor recreational space, a gymnasium with full-size basketball court, and training facilities. Irrigation of the outdoor landscaping is via a reclaimed water system. The new campus houses 2,200 workers who were spread among six different Houston locations, including the ConocoPhillips headquarters, where several hundred Phillips 66 workers had remained post spin-off.


title: Phillips 66

text: On 4 August 2015 it was announced that the company had formed a "long-term partnership" with English non-league association football club Leamington F.C. The deal involved, amongst other things, the renaming of the club's ground from ""The New Windmill Ground"" to ""The Phillips 66 Community Stadium.""


title: Phillips 66

text: Phillips 66 reported Total CO2e emissions (Direct + Indirect) for the twelve months ending 31 December 2020 at 30,050 Kt (-4,690 /-13.5% y-o-y).


title: Gloomy Sunday

text: "Gloomy Sunday" (Hungarian: "Szomorú vasárnap"), also known as the "Hungarian Suicide Song", is a popular song composed by Hungarian pianist and composer Rezső Seress and published in 1933.


title: Gloomy Sunday

text: The original lyrics were titled "Vége a világnak" ("The world is ending") and were about despair caused by war, ending in a quiet prayer about people's sins. Poet László Jávor wrote his own lyrics to the song, titled "Szomorú vasárnap" ("Sad Sunday"), in which the protagonist wants to commit suicide following his lover's death. The latter lyrics ended up becoming more popular while the former were essentially forgotten. The song was first recorded in Hungarian by pop singer Pál Kalmár in 1935.


title: Gloomy Sunday

text: "Gloomy Sunday" was first recorded in English by Hal Kemp in 1936, with lyrics by Sam M. Lewis, and was recorded the same year by Paul Robeson, with lyrics by Desmond Carter. It became well known throughout much of the English-speaking world after the release of a version by jazz and swing music singer Billie Holiday in 1941. Lewis's lyrics referred to suicide, and the record label described it as the "Hungarian Suicide Song". There is a recurring urban legend which claims that many people have committed suicide while listening to this song, particularly Hungarians.


title: Gloomy Sunday

text: The song was composed by Rezső Seress while living in Paris, in an attempt to become established as a songwriter in late 1932. The original musical composition was a piano melody in C minor, with the lyrics being sung over it. Seress wrote the song at the time of the Great Depression and increasing fascist influence in the writer's native Hungary, although sources differ as to the degree to which his song was motivated by personal melancholy rather than concerns about the future of the world. The basis of Seress's lyrics is a reproach to the injustices of man, with a prayer to God to have mercy on the modern world and the people who perpetrate evil. There are some suggestions that the words of ""Vége a világnak"" were in fact not written until World War II itself and not copyrighted until 1946.


title: Gloomy Sunday

text: Seress initially had difficulty finding a publisher, mainly due to the unusually melancholy nature of the song. One potential publisher stated:


title: Gloomy Sunday

text: The song was published as sheet music in late 1933, with lyrics by poet László Jávor, who was inspired by a recent break-up with his fiancée. According to most sources, Jávor rewrote the lyrics after the song's first publication, although he is sometimes described as the original writer of its words. His lyrics contained no political sentiments, but rather were a lament for the death of a beloved and a pledge to meet with the lover again in the afterlife. This version of the song became the best known, and most later rewritings are based around the idea of lost love.


title: Gloomy Sunday

text: There have been several urban legends regarding the song over the years, mostly involving it being allegedly connected with various numbers of suicides, and radio networks reacting by purportedly banning the song. However, most of these claims are unsubstantiated.


title: Gloomy Sunday

text: Press reports in the 1930s associated at least 100 suicides, both in Hungary and the United States, with "Gloomy Sunday", but most of the deaths supposedly linked to it are difficult to verify. The urban legend appears to be, for the most part, simply an embellishment of the high number of Hungarian suicides that occurred in the decade when the song was composed due to other factors such as famine and poverty. No studies have drawn a clear link between the song and suicide.


title: Gloomy Sunday

text: The BBC banned Billie Holiday's version of the song from being broadcast, as being detrimental to wartime morale, but allowed performances of instrumental versions. However, there is little evidence of any other radio bans; the BBC's ban was lifted by 2002.


title: Gloomy Sunday

text: The song's notoriety contributed towards many other notable artists later recording the song, including:


title: Gloomy Sunday

text: The song's lyrics are featured in the bridge of the Dead Milkmen song "Blood Orgy of the Atomic Fern."


title: Gloomy Sunday

text: The song inspired the 2006 movie "The Kovak Box", in which a writer is trapped on the island of Mallorca with people who are injected with a microchip that causes them to take their own lives when they hear "Gloomy Sunday". The song plays during the movie, sung by the actress Lucía Jiménez. A music video from the cover was released as part of the movie promotion. The song also features on the soundtrack of "" (2006), performed by Artie Shaw.


title: Gloomy Sunday

text: In 2008, Belgian artist Marieke Van Wuytswinkel used a sample of "Gloomy Sunday" in her work "A Natural Morning".


title: Gloomy Sunday

text: A cover of "Gloomy Sunday" is featured on track three of Venetian Snares's 2005 album "Rossz Csillag Alatt Született." It also samples Billie Holiday's vocals.


title: Gloomy Sunday

text: A cover of the song appeared on the Associates' second studio album "Sulk", released on 14 May 1982. Lead vocalist Billy Mackenzie took his own life on 22 January 1997.


title: American militia movement

text: The American militia movement is a term used by law enforcement and security analysts to refer to a number of private organizations that include paramilitary or similar elements. These groups may refer to themselves as militia, unorganized militia, and constitutional militia.


title: American militia movement

text: While groups such as the Posse Comitatus existed as early as the 1980s, the movement gained momentum after standoffs with government agents in the early 1990s. By the mid-1990s, such groups were active in all 50 US states, with membership estimated at between 10,000 and 250,000.


title: American militia movement

text: Although the far-right patriot movement had long been a fringe factor in American politics, cultural factors paved the way for the wide-scale growth of the ideological militia movement. The catalysts came with the FBI's 1992 shootout with Randy Weaver at Ruby Ridge, and the 1993 Waco siege involving David Koresh and the Branch Davidians at Mt. Carmel in Waco, Texas. Critic Mark Pitcavage described the militia movement of the 1990s:


title: American militia movement

text: During the 1990s public attention to the militia movement began to grow. The Oklahoma City bombing on April 19, 1995, the second anniversary of the Waco fire, drew nationwide attention to the militia movement as Timothy McVeigh was associated with the Michigan Militia, having possibly attended meetings before the attack. This increased public scrutiny and law enforcement pressure, and brought in more recruits due to the heightened awareness of the movement.


title: American militia movement

text: In March 1996, agents of the FBI and other law enforcement organizations surrounded the eastern Montana "Justus Township" compound of the Montana Freemen. The Freemen were a Sovereign Citizen group that included elements of the Christian Identity ideology, espoused common law legal theories, and rejected the legitimacy of the Federal Reserve. Montana legislator Carl Ohs mediated through the standoff. Both Randy Weaver (one of the besieged at Ruby Ridge) and Bo Gritz (a civilian negotiator at Ruby Ridge) had attempted to talk to the group but had given up in frustration, as did Colorado Senator Charlie Duke when he had attempted negotiations. A break finally came when far right leaders abandoned the group to their fate. The group surrendered peacefully after an 81-day standoff and 14 of the Freemen faced criminal charges relating to circulating millions of dollars in bogus checks and threatening the life of a federal judge. The peaceful resolution of this and other standoffs after Ruby Ridge and Waco have been credited by some to the creation of the Critical Incident Response Group (CIRG) in the U.S. Department of Justice in 1994.


title: American militia movement

text: A 1999 US Department of Justice analysis of the potential militia threat at the millennium conceded that the vast majority of militias were reactive (not proactive) and posed no threat. By 2001, the militia movement seemed to be in decline, having peaked in 1996 with 858 groups. With the post-2007 global financial crisis and the election of Barack Obama to the United States presidency in 2008, militia activity experienced a resurgence. Militia groups have recently been involved in several high-profile standoffs, including the Bundy Standoff in 2014 and the Occupation of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge in 2016.


title: American militia movement

text: Militia groups strongly supported the candidacy and presidency of Donald Trump, with their focus on anti-government sentiment being replaced with opposing perceived enemies of Trump. During Trump's presidency, support among militia groups was further solidified. In 2020, militia groups were heavily involved in rallies against COVID-19 related restrictions, gun control measures, and Black Lives Matter protests. After Trump's loss in the 2020 presidential election, militia groups mobilized to protest the election results, including participating in the "Stop the Steal" movement that falsely claims that the election was fraudulent.


title: American militia movement

text: In the storming of the US Capitol on January 6, 2021, members with ties to various militia groups participated in the attack. In recent years, there have been increasing incidents in which Republicans have been co-opted by militia groups in exchange for the militias' political and ideological support.


title: American militia movement

text: Most militia organizations envisage themselves as legally legitimate organizations, despite the fact that all 50 states prohibit private paramilitary activity. Others subscribe to the "insurrection theory" which describes the right of the body politic to rebel against the established government in the face of tyranny. (In the 1951 case "Dennis v. United States", the U.S. Supreme Court rejected the insurrection theory, stating that as long as the government provides for free elections and trials by jury, "political self-defense" cannot be undertaken.)


title: American militia movement

text: While militia organizations vary in their ideologies and objectives, with many high profile organizations espousing anti-tax, anti-immigration, survivalist, sovereign citizen, libertarian, land rights and southern restoration views, they generally share a common belief in the imminent or actual rise of a tyrannical government in the United States which, they believe, must be confronted through armed force. Some believe in the New World Order conspiracy theory.


title: American militia movement

text: The Southern Poverty Law Center identified 334 militia groups at a peak in 2011. It identified 276 in 2015, up from 202 in 2014 and in 2022 nearly 200 groups still exist, down from 2015.