title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: The group battles Fei-Wang who destroys the Syaoran clone when he betrays him. He then uses the immeasurably strong ability and strength of the two Sakuras to resurrect Yūko, accidentally frozen in time by Clow Reed himself to halt her death, therein proving himself Clow's superior. Yūko uses her life and Clow's magic as payment to make the clones reborn in the past to live together. As the two know all of the series' events would repeat, the clones seal themselves in Yūko's shop until the battle against him. The group manages to kill Fei-Wang, who traps Syaoran in a void between time and space, dragging both his clone and Watanuki along as a consequence of their connection. With their creator's death, both clones of Sakura and Syaoran fade away leaving behind two feathers. Syaoran and Watanuki escape from the void for a price: Syaoran must continue traveling through the dimensions forever, while Watanuki must stay in Yūko's shop. The group rests in the Kingdom of Clow where Fai, Kurogane, and Mokona decide to join Syaoran once again in hope of finding a way to bring back the clones who still exist as the two feathers. Before departing on their separate ways, Syaoran and Sakura confess their mutually strong, close and pure romantic love for each other, as well as their shared real name, Tsubasa, as they hope to meet again.


title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: "Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle" began with an inspiration of the four-member team, Clamp, to link their works set in a realistic world with their works set in different fantasy worlds. Prior to beginning work on "Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle", Clamp had created the manga "Cardcaptor Sakura", from which the two main characters are taken. Clamp decided to draw "Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle" by using a style first conceived by Osamu Tezuka, named the "father of manga" and often credited as the "father of anime", known as Osamu Tezuka's Star System. In this system, characters with the same name and design are used in different settings, drawing mostly from the vast character pool of its own works and occasionally from others' works. Unlike characters under the Star System, three months prior to the release of "Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle", the "Young Magazine" began serializing Clamp's "xxxHolic", a manga whose two main characters, Kimihiro Watanuki and Yūko Ichihara, are two of the same characters used in "Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle"; both series run in parallel. Like many of their other works, each member of Clamp had a role different from their other projects instead of retaining set roles. For "Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle", Mokona drew the main characters, whereas Tsubaki Nekoi and Satsuki Igarashi drew the side characters and backgrounds; Nanase Ohkawa was the sole person in charge of the storyline; the other members of Clamp were not told in advance how the plot would unfold. The word "Tsubasa" was used so that the title would be easy to read. However, believing "Tsubasa" only would be too short, they added the words "Chronicle" and "Reservoir" from Nekoi's notes.


title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: A special interview with Ohkawa and Kiichiro Sugawara, Clamp's editor from the "Weekly Shōnen Magazine"s Editorial Department, took place after the story of "Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle" had progressed past the arc from Ōto Country. Ohkawa has stated that the group is very conscious of the fact that "Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle" is the title in "Shōnen Magazine" with the youngest readership and that it is their very first foray into the "shōnen" demographic. Thus, the members of Clamp ensure that they employ a drawing style and dialogue appropriate for young male audiences; the manga incorporates furigana that makes reading Japanese easier. To aid in this effort, the group holds conferences with Sugawara where they discuss the plot. Ohkawa stated during the interview that the only time the story significantly changed was during Country of Jade arc; It went from a "horror story with vampires" to a "detective mystery". Following the story in the Piffle Country, Clamp aimed to make the series darker and more complex, resulting in it receiving elements previously seen in other of their series. The Shura Country's story was written to introduce the idea that a dead person cannot be revived even if somebody travels back to the past and changes history. This theme would be further explored later in the story.


title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: The members of Clamp had some difficulty adjusting from their typical style after deciding to publish with "Weekly Shōnen Magazine". Because their typical thinner lines did not give the desired impact, Ohkawa expressed the group's desire to make their lines thicker, and to use simpler layouts similar to the other stories already present in "Shōnen Magazine". She stated that they used their original artistic style to attract initial readers and then slowly transitioned to a new style. Sometime around when the story arc focused on the Country of Ōto took place, their art style had gradually been changing again; at this point they were thinking of returning to their original style. They were still adjusting to a weekly schedule; many of their previous works were on a monthly schedule. Sugawara expressed concerns about the strain on the artists of concurrently doing a weekly issue of "Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle" linked with "xxxHolic", but in the end he whole-heartedly approved. In accordance with Ohkawa's desire for each to have a well-organized story, Clamp avoids putting references between the two stories too frequently. The main idea was connecting these two series was to have protagonists from two different manga with different personalities and designs. However, during the ending they would be stated to share the same existence, and had to go on different paths. As "Tsubasa" is connected with "xxxHolic", the characters' designs are also meant to be similar; Like "xxxHolic", the artwork is sometimes influenced by Ukiyo-e art style which leads to the characters have longer limbs. When asked if another series influenced "Tsubasa" in the concept of parallel worlds, Ohkawa replied that she was not a fan of sci-fi series and pointed that all worlds shown in the series were other works from "Tsubasa". At the same time, she wanted to segregate "Tsubasa" from previous works. She also explained that while some characters are the same, their traits and personalities were modified due to different backstories.


title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: When thinking about including character goods with the volume releases, Sugawara came up with the atypical idea of releasing a deluxe and normal edition of the manga after contemplating the inconsistency of novels getting both a soft-cover and hard-cover release, but manga only received one version. Because it was a new concept, the group experienced several mishaps such as accidentally placing a vertically flipped illustration on the first deluxe edition. The group also decided to use another atypical practice of keeping catchphrases that appeared in the magazine identical to the ones that appear on the frontispieces of the deluxe editions.


title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: "Tsubasa" explores the fragility of human relationships through Sakura losing all of her memories involving her love interest, Syaoran. Despite this tragedy, Syaoran manages to become friends with other characters across his journey. Furthermore, Sakura once again develops feelings for Syaoran who at the same time starts falling for her again. The development of the characters' relationship demonstrates how while modern society depends on already existing one, a severed one can be reformed if people have the will. At the same time, Syaoran has to say goodbye to the people he met as a result of having to continue travelling. Despite also losing these newfound friends, these actions will help Syaoran grow into a young man. Based on the "shōjo manga" character Syaoran Li, the initial Syaoran from the series was written to be a "shōnen manga" lead instead. As a result, the narrative places emphasis on his friendships as he obtains new powers while retaining a kind demeanor. Although the series is a "shōnen manga", Clamp incorporates "shōjo manga" motfifs into the character to attract a female demographic, with his desire to recover the magic feathers of Sakura being a common element of "shōjo manga". The angel-like feathers and multiple outfits serve as a mean to appeal to the female demographic while the ending exploring the characters named Tsubasa serve as major symbolism about romantic relationships.


title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: Another theme in the series is the use of identical people as a result of the characters travelling to parallel worlds where they find alternative versions of people they met before. Despite sharing the same physical appearances, these identical versions have been through different experiences earning their own identities. Syaoran also has his own doppelgänger commonly referred as "The Other Syaoran" who at the same time shares the same identity as the protagonist from "xxxHolic", Kimihiro Watanuki. Across the series, these character are developed and choose their own paths to earn their own identities. The exploration of cloning in "Tsubasa" becomes a major theme in the narrative despite Syaoran and Sakura being identical to their original personas, they have different identities that the audience is given as a reward to explore.


title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: Written and illustrated by Clamp, "Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle" was serialized in Japan in Kodansha's "Weekly Shōnen Magazine" between May 2003 and October 2009. Its 233 chapters, which are called , French for "Chapter", have been compiled into twenty-eight "tankōbon" volumes by Kodansha, with the first volume released on August 9, 2003, and the last one on November 17, 2009. All the volumes were also released in deluxe editions containing color pages and new illustrations at the same time as the original release.


title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: In June 2014, Kodansha's "Magazine Special" announced a new manga of "Tsubasa" would start serialization in August that year and that it would be connected to "xxxHolic Rei". Titled "Tsubasa: WoRLD CHRoNiCLE", the series has also been licensed by Kodansha USA for English release. A single chapter was also serialized in the "Weekly Shōnen Magazine" in February 2015.


title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: "Tsubasa" was one of the first four manga series licensed for English release in North America by Del Rey Manga and was acquired together with "Mobile Suit Gundam SEED", "Negima! Magister Negi Magi", and "xxxHolic" in January 2004. Del Rey released the first volume of the series on April 27, 2004, and the last one on November 23, 2010. Kodansha USA is due to re-release it in omnibus format during 2014. Tanoshimi, the United Kingdom branch of Random House, published the first 14 volumes as published by Del Rey in the United Kingdom, between August 3, 2006 and June 5, 2008.


title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: The animation studio Bee Train adapted the manga series into a two-season anime television series spanning fifty-two episodes in total. Both seasons were written by Hiroyuki Kawasaki and directed by Kōichi Mashimo, with Hiroshi Morioka joining on as co-director for the second season. The music for the series was composed by Yuki Kajiura. The first season aired Saturday nights at 18:30 on NHK-E from April 9, 2005, to October 15, 2005, and spanned 26 episodes. The second season began on April 29, 2006, at 18:30 and concluded on November 4, 2006; it spanned twenty-six episodes. In Japan, Bandai Visual released the series across fourteen Region 2 DVD compilation volumes between August 26, 2005, and February 23, 2007. Two DVD box sets were then released on October 26, 2011 and November 25, 2011.


title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: Funimation licensed both seasons under the title "Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle" for English-language release January 2006. They released the TV series in North America across twelve Region 1 DVD compilation volumes. Funimation released the DVDs in two collections, where each contains six of the DVDs together in a box set, on November 11, 2008, and December 29, 2009. A DVD box with the first season and the film was released on January 19, 2010. It was re-released in Blu-ray format on May 4, 2010, in a package that also included the anime's second season. Funimation also released the first season of "Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle" in the United Kingdom through Revelation Films beginning on September 17, 2007, across six Region 2 DVD compilation volumes. The English dub of the first season was broadcast on the Funimation Channel in the United States. Revelation Films had previously confirmed the release of the second season of "Tsubasa Chronicle" in the U.K., although no release dates were ever set.


title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: A film interlude, "", was adapted by the animation studio Production I.G and premiered in Japanese theaters on August 20, 2005, in conjunction with "", between the two seasons of the anime series. Its plot continues the journey from Syaoran's group for Sakura's feathers. They locate one at the Country of Birdcages, where they have to confront the world's king in order to obtain it. It was directed by Itsuro Kawasaki and written by Midori Goto and Junichi Fujisaku. Character designs were provided by Yoko Kikuchi, and music was by Yuki Kajiura. Clamp artist Ageha Ohkawa liked how both films were connected, despite that both have different themes. Shochiku released the DVD for the film on February 25, 2006, in Japan in both regular and premium editions. Funimation released the film on a single DVD in English on February 19, 2009, in North America as a double feature with the "xxxHolic" film. It was released alongside a DVD box of the anime's first season on January 19, 2010. It was re-released in Blu-ray format on May 4, 2010, in a package that included the anime's second season.


title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: Two original video animation (OVA) series were animated by Production I.G. They were directed by Shunsuke Tada and written by Nanase Ohkawa, with music provided by Yuki Kajiura. A three-episode OVA series titled was released between November 16, 2007, and March 17, 2008, across three DVDs bundled with limited versions of volumes 21, 22, and 23 of the manga. Their plot is set after the anime's ending, and follows the arrival of Syaoran's group in a postapocalyptic Tokyo, where the connection between Syaoran and a teenager identical to him is revealed. A two-episode OVA series titled was released across two DVDs. The first was packaged with volume 26 of the manga, which was released on March 17, 2009; and the second was packaged with volume 27, released on May 15, 2009. They are set after the characters' journey to Seresu as they search for a way to make Sakura's soul return to her body. In May 2010, Funimation announced they licensed both series of OVAs. They were released together under the title of "Tsubasa: RESERVoir CHRoNiCLE - OVA Collection" in both DVD and Blu-ray formats on January 4, 2011. In June 2011, Funimation started streaming the five episodes on their official website.


title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: The original soundtrack for the anime was released in four soundtrack albums titled "". They were released by Victor Entertainment for the anime from July 6, 2005, to September 21, 2006, each in a normal and a limited edition that featured additional merchandise. Additionally, a compilation album titled "" was released on December 20, 2006, that collected fourteen vocal tracks from the anime. Each release charted on the Oricon charts, and the highest ranking album, "Future Soundscape I", peaked at 39th and remained on the charts for three weeks.


title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: Ten music albums have been released, and each contains a single piece of theme music for the various adaptations. For the anime adaptation "Tsubasa Chronicle", four maxi singles titled "", "", "", and "" were released between May 10, 2005, and July 14, 2006. For the anime film "Tsubasa Chronicle the Movie: The Princess of the Country of Birdcages", two maxi singles titled "" and "" were released on August 17, 2005, and on August 18, 2005. For the OVA adaptations, two maxi singles and two studio albums titled "", "", "", and "" were released between November 21, 2007, and February 25, 2009. All of the releases charted on the Oricon charts, with the highest ranking single being "Loop", which peaked at 7th and remained on the chart for nine weeks.


title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: Victor Entertainment released a series of three drama CDs titled "The Matinée of the Palace", based on the anime adaptation featuring the same voice actors. The first, subtitled "", was released on December 16, 2005. "" followed on February 1, 2006. The final CD, subtitled "", was released on March 24, 2006. All of the releases charted on the Oricon charts, with the highest ranking album being "Chapter.2 ~Impossible Goal~", peaking at 161st and remaining on the chart for a week. A spin-off series of four drama CDs titled "" have been released between 2006 and 2009, and has also had a one-chapter manga adaptation. Set in an alternate universe, the series features characters from "Tsubasa" and "xxxHolic" as students and teachers from the fictional school "Holitsuba".


title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: A video game titled developed by Cavia, based on the anime adaptation of the same name, was released in Japan for the Nintendo DS on October 27, 2005, by Akira. "Tsubasa Chronicle" is a role-playing game whose gameplay requires the player to navigate the world as Sakura and Syaoran in search of Sakura's memory fragments. Players can compete with each other wirelessly. A sequel titled was released on April 20, 2006, again for the Nintendo DS and shares various gameplay traits with "Tsubasa Chronicle".


title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: Two different fanbooks have been released for the anime of "Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle". Kodansha released two in Japan by between 2005 and 2006 that contain character illustrations and information, a collection of the theme song videos, and interviews with the voice actors. The first book published was on May 17, 2005. The second book published was on June 16, 2006. DH Publishing released one in English on May 25, 2008, titled "Tsubasa Chronicle Factbook: Mystery, Magic and Mischief", the eighteenth of the "Mysteries and Secrets Revealed!" series of books. In Japan, Kodansha will release another guidebook on December 31, 2016.


title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: Three different artbooks which contain illustrations have been released in Japan by Kodansha between 2006 and 2009. The first book published was on April 17, 2006, bearing an . The second book published was on April 17, 2007, and containing art from the first 14 volumes. An English version of "ALBuM De REProDUCTioNS" was released on December 8, 2009. This contained one of the short stories titled "Tsubasa: World of the Untold Story" that also featured as omake to the manga volumes. Another artbook, , was released on November 17, 2009, containing art from the final 14 volumes.


title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: Two character guides were released by Kodansha in Japan and then translated and released in North American by Del Rey Manga. They contain overviews of the worlds, overviews of characters, fan reports, illustrations, and interviews. The was released on April 15, 2005, covering events from volume 1 to volume 7. It was released in English on December 26, 2006. The was released on October 17, 2006. It was released in English on October 13, 2009. Another related book is which was released by Kodansha on July 17, 2004. It is set prior to the events of "xxxHolic" and "Tsubasa" and tells the lives from the two Mokona Modoki ever since their creation by Clow Reed and Yūko Ichihara.


title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: There are two guidebooks focused in the soundtrack used in the anime adaptation of "Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle" that were published in Japan by Kodansha. The first one, , was released on August 30, 2005, and focused on piano sheet music for tracks from the series' soundtrack album bearing an . The second one, , was published on July 24, 2006, and it had piano sheet music for several soundtracks.


title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: The "Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle" manga series was well received by Japanese readers, and appeared at various times on lists of best-selling volumes. In September 2009, it was announced that the first 27 volumes had sold over 20 million copies in Japan, becoming one of Clamp's best selling titles. In its debut, the first volume of "World Chronicle" sold 127.643 units. After the first volume's English release on April 27, 2004, it sold 2,330 copies in May 2004, placing it at the top end of the top 100 sales of that month. It was fifth on Waldenbooks's 2004 list, obtaining the highest place ever by a manga volume. It was consistently ranked in the top 10 of the list of Manga Top 50 for every quarterly release of the "ICv2 Retailers Guide to Anime/Manga", based on sales from both mainstream bookstores and comic book shops, since its release in May 2004, except for the fourth quarter of 2007, reaching a top rank of number 3. By November 2006, over a million manga volumes from the series had been sold in North America by Del Rey Manga. The series was also listed as the nineteenth best-selling manga from North America in 2010 by ICv2. In the Society for the Promotion of Japanese Animation Award from 2009, "Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle" was the winner in the category "Best Manga - Action". About.com placed it twenty-ninth in their article "36 Great Manga Missed by the Eisner Awards", while the artbook "Tsubasa ALBuM De REProDUCTioNS" was third in their 2009 poll "Best Manga Book". In Mania Entertainment's "Best Manga Awards For 2005", "Tsubasa" was third in the category "Best Shōnen". It was a nominee for the American Anime Awards in 2007, but was one of the last series announced due to an error made by the people in charge.


title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: "Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle" was fairly well received by reviewers, who described it as a treat for Clamp fans due to the large number of crossover characters in the series. Initial fan response to "Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle" was that it was ""Cardcaptor Sakura" for guys". Fans speculated that the series would conclude one of Clamp's unfinished series, "X", or that it would be a sequel to "Cardcaptor Sakura" that focused on the character Syaoran Li. Critics described the series as being marked by several plot twists, with About.com writer Katherine Luther labelling it as "perhaps the "twistiest" of twists that we have seen in anime and manga in quite some time". For the earlier half of the series, Mikhail Koulikov from Anime News Network described the series as settling into a "predictable pattern" that Melissa Harper, also from Anime News Network, described as somewhat slow, and "frankly a bit boring". However, Michael Aronson from Manga Life found the series appealing and accessible to readers who have not read other Clamp series, and he hoped it would remain this accessible for following volumes. He found that the relation between "Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle" and "xxxHolic" would persuade readers to also read the latter series. Mania Entertainment's Megan Lavey found the introduction to be a "pretty simple love story", while liking the characters' personalities. She liked how the series was connected with "xxxHolic" and hoped that both series would continue crossing over. In a general overview of the manga, Julie Gray from Comic Book Bin gave positive remarks to the characters' complex personalities and how the plot has been developed throughout its first ten volumes. She recommended that people should buy the series. Active Anime's Blake Waymire found that the change of settings was well done, and he noted how some story arcs could go from dramatic to charming.


title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: From volume 15 onwards, Clamp unleashed a series of "mind-blowing" plot twists that had been foreshadowed frequently throughout the series. These twists have been described by Anime News Network as "stunning" but confusingly executed due to the sheer number of storylines coming together. Other critics praised the pacing as letting "the story progress at its own natural momentum", keeping the reader "from being bored by any one literary genre". The plot twists and the ever-changing relationships between the manga's main characters were praised; "few manga creators could pull off this sort of outrageous storytelling stunt". Active Anime writer Holly Ellingwood called the plot twists as "the most shocking set of events in the Tsubasa Reservoir Chronicles to date!", finding that despite such twists, more secrets were brought to readers to persuade them to read the following volumes. Ellingwood also reviewed following volumes and found the last plot revelations intriguing; she enjoyed that a strong connection is revealed between characters from "Tsubasa" and "xxxHolic". Comic Book Resources regarded the ending of the series as bittersweet homage to "Cardcaptor Sakura" due to the clones disappearing and the original Syaoran separating from Sakura despite confessing their mutual love. Manga News praised the ending for the heavy focus on the clones of Syaoran and Sakura, giving emotional scenes as well and their relationship Yuko and Fei-Wang Reed but lamented Fai and Kurogane had less prominent roles.


title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: Critics have described the artwork as "keeping up the standards expected of Clamp" with its high level of detail, though perhaps too much detail, especially during action sequences. The artstyle is "stylish" and "dynamic", characterized by a large number of "sweeping lines curlicues that look unlike anything else in the genre" that help bring the action scenes to life for exciting experiences. Ed Sizemore from "Comics Worth Reading" highlighted the fact that each dimension that the protagonists visit is characterized by its very own look and feel so that "no two worlds are even remotely similar". However, the amount of detail and lack of contrast, while beautiful, often render scenes incomprehensible to the point where the reader is left guessing who is attacking. Critics have praised Del Rey's inclusion of English translation notes that aid in understanding the plot, especially due to its crossover nature. Lavey found the translation a "good read", liking how some Japanese words were not translated and instead explained in notes. The handling of fight scenes, most notably Syaoran's, was highly praised. Paul Price lists both "Tsubasa" series as examples of "isekai" in "A Survey of the Story Elements of Isekai Manga" for the "Journal of Anime and Manga Studies", describing them as "immersive", examples of "isekai" where there is no portal between worlds and all the action takes place in fantastical other worlds rather than the real world.


title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: Critics have described the anime adaptation as having a very slow pace but having a beautiful musical score. Carl Kimlinger from Anime News Network faulted the director, Koichi Mashimo, for "downshifting the plot's energy" and as having "too many flashbacks, too many slow pans over inexpressive eyes", that create an end-product that is "tediously formulaic". Active Anime's Christopher Seaman had mixed feelings, finding the romantic themes mature and the magical themes appealing to younger audiences; he concluded that "teens would get the most out of the series." He recommended the series in general, praising its plot and its themes. DVDTalk's Todd Douglass Jr. ranked the anime DVD box as "Highly Recommended"; he liked how, despite borrowing elements from other series, it was "entirely self-contained". Douglas pointed out that following its second season, the anime kept entertaining viewers, and felt they would not find a reason to dislike it. Douglas enjoyed the anime's storytelling. He liked its characters, but found it sometimes dragging due to its episodic nature. Kimlinger praised the musical score as being beautiful, as Yuki Kajiura's work has always been. Chris Beveridge from Mania Entertainment made similar comments, praising the series' score and animation, while commenting on the series' accessibility. He said that people unrelated with Clamp's works would like "Tsubasa", in contrast to other people who would "get out of the series". Its episodic nature was praised by Luther, who commented how the main plot was connected to each of the story arcs. The English cast for the anime has been labelled as "done and very solid". IGN's Jeffrey Harris felt Christopher Sabat was its best actor. Harris called the anime "a nice looking and at times elegant looking show", pointing to the traits of the main characters. He criticized the lack of extras in the DVDs releases. Reviewing the anime's and "xxxHolic"s films, IGN writer N.S. Davidson said the "Tsubasa" film would be appealing to viewers of the series, despite its short length. He liked how both films' storylines interacted, allowing parts of the plot of "Tsubasa" to be explained in the "xxxHolic" film, and he found artistic similarities between the two films. Carlo Santos was more critical of the film but still called it "good art". In a TV Asahi poll, "Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle" was ranked as the fifty-ninth most popular anime in Japan. It ranked ninth in "Animage"s Anime Grand Prix anime popularity poll from 2005, while it was also listed as an "Honorable Mention" in IGN's "Top Ten Anime of 2007" feature.


title: Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle

text: Although the "Tsubasa" OVAs were not the first original animation DVDs (OADs), OVAs published with manga volumes, its release helped to popularize the term. Chris Beveridge from Mania Entertainment considered the OVAs to have better quality than the TV series, mainly because they were developed by Production I.G instead of Bee Train and because they have a darker storyline. In a further review, Beveridge found fascinating the events occurring in the OVAs due to the number of revelations changed the way people viewed the series. The character designs were felt to be more similar to the manga's ones than the TV series, while the animation has been considered "a notch above that of standard Television". The themes were noted to be more mature both brutally and mentally; although the number of changes presented throughout them has been praised, another series of OVAs that would conclude the storyline built in the last episode from "Spring Thunder Chronicles" has been requested by reviewers.


title: Ruma Guha Thakurta

text: Ruma Guha Thakurta (21 November 1934 – 3 June 2019) was an Indian actress and singer primarily associated with Bengali language films. She founded Calcutta Youth Choir in 1958.


title: Ruma Guha Thakurta

text: Ruma Guha Thakurta was born on 3 November 1934 to Satyen Ghosh (Monty Ghosh) and singer Sati Devi. Her family was culturally inclined to Brahmo Samaj, a societal component of Brahmoism. Sati was a trained vocalist and a niece of Bijoya Ray, the wife of Satyajit Ray. Ruma Guha Thakurta began as a dancer. Later, she went to Almora Academy of Uday Shankar at Lahore to study dance. She started training in music at Swarabitan in Kolkata, which had been established by her parents. In later years, she studied under Abdul Rehman Khan of Patiala gharana, the Ustad of Nirmla Devi and Lakshmi Shankar in Bombay.


title: Ruma Guha Thakurta

text: She married Kishore Kumar in 1951 and had a son Amit Kumar by this marriage. The couple divorced in 1958 and she married Arup Guha Thakurta in 1960. The couple had two children, Ayan and Sromona. Sromona is also a singer.


title: Ruma Guha Thakurta

text: Guha Thakurta made her acting debut in Amiya Chakravarty's "Jwar Bhata" (1944) at age ten. This was the debut film of Dilip Kumar. Her next film as Ruma Ghosh was Nitin Bose, whose first cousin was her aunt's father-in-law,'s "Mashaal" (1950) in Hindi, which had a Bengali version called "Samar", adapted from Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay's novel "Rajani". She portrayed a blind girl, Sarla.


title: Ruma Guha Thakurta

text: After her divorce, Ruma moved to Calcutta to act in Rajen Tarafdar’s "Ganga" based on Samaresh Bose’s eponymous cult novel. She acted as one of two leading ladies, with Sandhya Roy. "Ganga" won the National award for Best Feature Film that year and Ruma's portrayal of Himi received critical acclamation. In the same year, she acted in "Personal Assistant" opposite to Bhanu Bandopadhayay and in "Khaniker Atithi" by Tapan Sinha.


title: Ruma Guha Thakurta

text: Her film career revived in 1962 with "Benarasi," produced by her and directed by her husband. It was the tale of a courtesan who tries to lead a life of dignity and respect, when her childhood sweetheart, Ratan, takes her away from her terrible environment. It flopped, but won the BFJA Award for Best Feature Film the following year.


title: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

text: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross (July 8, 1926 – August 24, 2004) was a Swiss-American psychiatrist, a pioneer in near-death studies, and author of the internationally best-selling book, "On Death and Dying" (1969), where she first discussed her theory of the five stages of grief, also known as the "Kübler-Ross model".


title: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

text: Kübler-Ross was a 2007 inductee into the National Women's Hall of Fame, was named by "Time" as one of the "100 Most Important Thinkers" of the 20th century and was the recipient of nineteen honorary degrees. By July 1982, Kübler-Ross taught 125,000 students in death and dying courses in colleges, seminaries, medical schools, hospitals, and social-work institutions. In 1970, she delivered an Ingersoll Lecture at Harvard University on the theme "On Death and Dying".


title: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

text: Elisabeth Kübler was born on July 8, 1926, in Zürich, Switzerland, into a Protestant Christian Family. She was one of a set of triplets, two of whom were identical. Her life was jeopardized due to complications, weighing only 2 pounds at birth, but she said she survived due to her mother's love and attentiveness. Elisabeth later contracted pneumonia and was hospitalized at age 5, during which she had her first experience with death as her roommate died peacefully. Her early experiences with death led her to believe that, because death is a necessary stage of life, one must be prepared to face it with dignity and peace.


title: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

text: During World War II, Elisabeth worked as a laboratory assistant for refugees in Zürich at only 13 years of age. Following the war, she did relief work in France, Germany, Belgium, Denmark, Sweden, Czechoslovakia, and Poland. She would later visit the Maidanek extermination camp in Poland in 1954, which sparked her interest in the power of compassion and resilience of the human spirit. The horror stories of the survivors left permanent impressions on Elisabeth, and led to her decision in dedicating her life to the help and healing of others. She was also profoundly affected by the images of hundreds of butterflies carved into some of the walls there. To Kübler-Ross, the butterflies—these final works of art by those facing death—stayed with her for years and influenced her thinking about the end of life. During this same year, she also became involved with the International Voluntary Service for peace as an activist.


title: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

text: From a young age, Elisabeth was determined to become a doctor despite her father's efforts in forcing her to become a secretary for his business. She refused him and left home at 16. She began working as a housemaid for a mean woman, where she met a doctor who wished to help her in becoming a doctor. She then worked as an apprentice for a Dr. Braun, a scientist in her hometown, up until he went bankrupt. Here, she remembered getting her first lab coat with her name on it. Then, she worked for a dermatologist named Dr. Kan Zehnder. After this time she worked to support herself in a variety of jobs, gaining major experience in hospitals while volunteering to provide aid to refugees. Following this she went on to attend the University of Zurich to study medicine, and graduated in 1957.


title: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

text: After graduating from the University of Zurich in 1957, Kübler-Ross moved to New York in 1958 to work and continue her studies.


title: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

text: She began her psychiatric residency in the Manhattan State Hospital in the early 1960s, and began her career working to create treatment for those who were schizophrenic along with those faced with the title "hopeless patient", a term used at the time to reference terminal patients. These treatment programs would work to restore the patient's sense of dignity and self-respect. Kübler-Ross also intended to reduce the medications that kept these patients overly sedated, and found ways to help them relate to the outside world. During this time, Ross was horrified by the neglect and abuse of mental patients as well as the imminently dying. She found that the patients were often treated with little care or completely ignored by the hospital staff. This realization made her strive to make a difference in the lives of these individuals. She developed a program that focused on the individual care and attention for each patient. This program worked incredibly well, and resulted in significant improvement in the mental health of 94% of her patients.


title: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

text: In 1962, she accepted a position at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. There, Kübler-Ross worked as a junior faculty member and gave her first interview of a young terminally ill woman in front of a roomful of medical students. Her intentions were not to be an example of pathology, but she wanted to depict a human being who desired to be understood as she was coping with her illness and how it has impacted her life. She stated to her students:Now you are reacting like human beings instead of scientists. Maybe now you'll not only know how a dying patient feels but you will also be able to treat them with compassion – the same compassion that you would want for yourself Kübler-Ross completed her training in psychiatry in 1963, and moved to Chicago in 1965. She sometimes questioned the practices of traditional psychiatry that she observed. She also undertook 39 months of classical psychoanalysis training in Chicago. She became an instructor at the University of Chicago's Pritzker School of Medicine where she began to conduct a regular weekly educational seminar consisting of live interviews with terminally ill patients. She had her students participate in these despite a large amount of resistance from the medical staff.


title: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

text: In November 1969, "Life" magazine ran an article on Kübler-Ross, bringing public awareness to her work outside of the medical community. The response was enormous and influenced Kübler-Ross's decision to focus on her career on working with the terminally ill and their families. The intense scrutiny her work received also had an impact on her career path. Kübler-Ross stopped teaching at the university to work privately on what she called the "greatest mystery in science"—death.


title: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

text: During the 1970s Kübler-Ross became the champion of the world wide hospice movement. She traveled to over twenty countries on six continents initiating various hospice and palliative care programs. In 1970, Kübler-Ross spoke at the prestigious Ingersoll Lecture at Harvard University on the subject of on death and dying. On August 7, 1972, she spoke to the United States Senate Special Committee on Aging to promote the "Death With Dignity" movement. In 1977, she was named "Woman of the Year" by "Ladies' Home Journal".


title: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

text: Kübler-Ross was one of the central figures in the hospice care movement, believing that euthanasia prevents people from completing their "unfinished business".


title: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

text: In 1977 she persuaded her husband to buy forty acres of land in Escondido, California, near San Diego, where she founded "Shanti Nilaya" (Home of Peace). She intended it as a healing center for the dying and their families. She was also a co-founder of the American Holistic Medical Association.


title: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

text: In the late 1970s, after interviewing thousands of patients who had died and been resuscitated, she became interested in out-of-body experiences, mediumship, spiritualism, and other ways of attempting to contact the dead. This led to a scandal connected to the Shanti Nilaya Healing Center, in which she was duped by Jay Barham, founder of the Church of the Facet of the Divinity. Claiming he could channel the spirits of the departed and summon ethereal "entities", he encouraged church members to engage in sexual relations with the "spirits". He may have hired several women to play the parts of female spirits for this purpose. Kubler-Ross' friend Deanna Edwards was invited to attend a service to ascertain whether allegations against Barham were true. He was found to be naked and wearing only a turban when Edwards unexpectedly pulled masking tape off the light switch and flipped on the light. Despite the accusation of sexual misconduct Kübler-Ross protected him for over a year. Then she announced the ending of her association with both Jay Barham and his wife Martha in her "Shanti Nilaya Newsletter" (issue 7) on June 7, 1981.


title: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

text: Kübler-Ross also dealt with the phenomenon of near-death experiences. She was also an advocate for spiritual guides and afterlife, serving on the Advisory Board of the International Association for Near-Death Studies (IANDS).


title: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

text: Kübler-Ross reported her interviews with the dying for the first time in her book, "On Death and Dying: What the Dying Have to Teach Doctors, Nurses, Clergy, and Their Own Families" (1969).


title: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

text: Kübler-Ross went on to write more about near-death experiences (NDEs) in her books, "On Life After Death" 1991, and "The Tunnel and The Light" 1999.


title: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

text: Throughout her career, Kübler-Ross worked extensively with children and wrote two books called "Living with Death and Dying" (1981) and "On Children and Dying" (1983) where she wrote about the unique ways that children perceive, discuss, and recognize death. Written after many patients and readers asked her for a more in depth look into language that terminally ill children use when conveying their needs, she wrote "Living with Death and Dying" in 1981. She states that children recognize death much more than we give them credit for and they discuss it with less hesitation than we assume. The language that children use is somewhat unique to them, depending on their age. Young children tend to use what Kübler-Ross stated as "Nonverbal Symbolic Language", where the use of drawings, pictures, or objects allows them to talk about their understanding of death, since they likely do know the words to use. Even as people age, they may not have the words to describe their needs. That is why Kübler-Ross recognized a second form of language that is typically used by older children, adolescents, and sometimes adults. This is known as "Verbal Symbolic Language", where elaborate stories and bizarre questions are used to express their feelings on death. Children may be fearful of asking direct questions regarding their death, so they may come up with stories or strange questions that will meet their needs.


title: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

text: During a time where people were being disowned and discriminated against for their illness, Kübler-Ross accepted patients with AIDS with open arms. She conducted many workshops on life, death, grief, and AIDS in different parts of the world. In December 1983, she moved both her home and workshop headquarters to her own farm in Head Waters, Virginia, to reduce her extensive traveling. In one of the five-day workshops she hosted, many lives were changed due to the inclusion of a patient who had AIDS. They learned much about the disease and worked to reduce the stigma surrounding the illness, reminding the world that they are people too. Later, she created a workshop meant solely for patients who had contracted AIDS, where she began to witness the struggles these patients experienced. And even though the majority of people who contracted AIDS were gay men, an overwhelming number of women and children also had the disease. After this, she began working to remove the stigma surrounding people with the illness, as it was popularly known as "the gay disease".


title: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

text: One of her greatest wishes was her plan to build a hospice for abandoned infants and children infected with HIV to give them a lasting home where they could live until their death. Kübler-Ross attempted to do this in the late 1980s in Virginia, but local residents feared the possibility of infection and blocked the necessary re-zoning. In October 1994, she lost her house and many possessions, including photos, journals, and notes, to an arson fire that is suspected to have been set by opponents of her AIDS work.


title: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

text: One thing that Kübler-Ross did not expect was just how many children and babies had contracted the terminal illness. She noted in her book that babies typically contracted the disease through the mother or father or through blood infusions with contaminated blood. She also briefly mentions that older children that had the disease likely got it due to sexual assault from someone who was contaminated.


title: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

text: Kübler-Ross was the first individual to transfigure the way that the world looks at the terminally ill, she pioneered hospice care, palliative care, bioethics, and near-death research, and was the first to bring terminally ill individuals' lives to the public eye. Kübler-Ross was the driving force behind the movement for doctors and nurses alike to "treat the dying with dignity". Her extensive work with the dying led to the internationally best-selling book "On Death and Dying" in 1969, she proposed the now famous five stages of grief as a pattern of adjustment: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. In general, individuals experience most of these stages when faced with their imminent death. The five stages of grief have since been adopted by bereavement as applying to the survivors of a loved one's death as well alike. After 2000 an increasing number of companies began using the five stages model to explain reactions to change and loss. This is now known as the "Kübler-Ross Change Curve"® and is used by a large variety of "Fortune" 500 companies in the US and internationally. In 2018 Stanford University acquired the Kübler-Ross archives from her family and intends to build a digital library of her papers, interviews and other archival material. The "American Journal of Bioethics" devoted its entire December 2019 issue to the 50th anniversary of, "On Death and Dying". The Elisabeth Kubler-Ross Foundation continues her work through a series of international chapters around the world.


title: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

text: Kübler-Ross wrote over 20 books on death and dying, which are now available in 44 languages. At the end of her life she was mentally active, co-authoring two books with David Kessler including "On Grief and Grieving".


title: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

text: In 1958, she married a fellow medical student and classmate from America, Emanuel "Manny" Ross, and moved to the United States. Together, they completed their internships at Long Island's Glen Cove Community Hospital in New York. After they married, she had their first child in 1960, a son named Kenneth, and in 1963, a daughter named Barbara. The marriage dissolved in 1979.


title: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

text: Kübler-Ross suffered a series of strokes between 1987 and 1995 which eventually left her partially paralyzed on her left side; in the meantime the Healing Waters Farm and the Elisabeth Kübler-Ross Center closed. After the Virginia house fire and subsequent stroke, she moved down to Scottsdale, Arizona, in October 1994. After suffering a larger stroke a few months later she found herself living in a wheelchair and wished to be able to determine her time of death.


title: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

text: In 1997 Oprah Winfrey flew to Arizona to interview her and discuss with Kübler-Ross if she herself was going through the five stages of grief. Further, in a 2002 interview with "The Arizona Republic", she stated that she was ready for death and even welcomed it, calling God a "damned procrastinator".


title: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

text: Kübler-Ross died at a nursing home in Scottsdale on August 24, 2004, aged 78. She was buried at the Paradise Memorial Gardens Cemetery in Scottsdale, Arizona.


title: Dungeness crab

text: The Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister) is a species of crab inhabiting eelgrass beds and water bottoms along the west coast of North America. It typically grows to across the carapace and is a popular seafood. Its common name comes from Dungeness Spit, United States, which shelters a shallow bay inhabited by the crabs.


title: Dungeness crab

text: The carapace widths of mature Dungeness crabs may reach 10 inches, or 25.4 centimeters, but are typically 6-7 inches, or approximately 15-18 centimeters. They are a popular delicacy, and are the most commercially important crab in the Pacific Northwest, as well as the western states generally. The annual Dungeness Crab and Seafood Festival is held in Port Angeles, Washington each October.


title: Dungeness crab

text: Dungeness crabs have a wide, long, hard shell, which they must periodically moult to grow; this process is called ecdysis. They have five pairs of legs, which are similarly armoured, the foremost pair of which ends in claws the crab uses both as defense and to tear apart large food items. The crab uses its smaller appendages to pass the food particles into its mouth. Once inside the crab's stomach, food is further digested by the "gastric mill", a collection of tooth-like structures. "M. magister" prefers to eat clams, other crustaceans and small fish, but is also an effective scavenger. Dungeness crabs can bury themselves completely in the sand if threatened.


title: Dungeness crab

text: Mature female crabs generally molt between May and August, and mating occurs immediately after the female has molted and before the new exoskeleton hardens. Males are attracted to potential mates by pheromones present in the urine of females. Upon locating an available female, the male initiates a protective premating embrace that lasts for several days. In this embrace, the female is tucked underneath the male, oriented such that their abdomens touch and their heads face each other. Mating occurs only after the female has molted, and the female signals her readiness to molt by urinating on or near the antennae of the male. The female extrudes the eggs from her body several months later; however, they remain attached under her abdomen for three to five months until they hatch. Young crabs are free-swimming after hatching, and go through five larval stages before reaching maturity after about 10 molts or two years.


title: Dungeness crab

text: Juvenile crabs develop in eelgrass beds and estuaries where salinity levels tend to be low. The hyposaline conditions of the estuaries are lethal to some of the crab's symbionts, such as "Carcinonemertes errans" which consumes a brooding female's live eggs. Dungeness crabs surveyed in Coos Bay were less likely to be infected by "C. errans" and have fewer worms present on their carapace when inhabiting less saline waters farther inland.


title: Dungeness crab

text: The Dungeness crab is named after Dungeness, Washington, which is located approximately north of Sequim and east of Port Angeles. Its typical range extends from Alaska's Aleutian Islands to Point Conception, near Santa Barbara, California, while it is occasionally found as far south as Magdalena Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico.


title: Dungeness crab

text: A genetic analysis of adult Dungeness crabs indicated that there is one population across the California Current System, but it is likely that interannual variation in physical oceanographic conditions (such as ocean circulation patterns) influence larval recruitment among regions, causing genetic diversity to change through time.


title: Dungeness crab

text: The Dungeness crab is considered a delicacy in the United States and Canada. Long before the area was settled by Europeans, Indigenous peoples throughout the crustacean's range had the crab as a traditional part of their diet and harvested them every year at low tide. The flesh has what is considered to be a delicate flavour and slightly sweet taste. Today they are an integral part of the cuisines of California, British Columbia, and the Pacific Northwest and traditionally feature in dishes like Crab Louie or Cioppino.


title: Dungeness crab

text: About one-quarter of the crab's weight is meat. Dungeness crabs can typically be purchased either live or cooked. Many cook live crabs by simply dropping them into boiling salt water, waiting for a boil to return, and then allowing it to continue for 15 minutes, after which time the crabs are removed and placed into cold water to cool, and then cleaned. Another method of preparing crab is called half backing. Half backing is done by flipping the crab upside down and chopping it in half (from head to "tail"), after which the guts and gills can be scooped or hosed out. Many consider half backing to be superior to cooking the entire crab, because the meat is not contaminated by the flavor or toxins of the guts. Furthermore, half backed crabs boil faster or can be quickly steamed instead of boiled. Two common tools for removing crab meat from the shell are a crab cracker and a shrimp fork. Sometimes, a cleaver, mallet, or small hammer is used for cracking Dungeness crab, but the use of these devices is not recommended, as the integrity of the meat may be compromised by the impact.


title: Dungeness crab

text: Seafood Watch has given the Dungeness crab a sustainable seafood rating of "Good Alternative" to overfished species or fish that is farmed in ways that harm other marine life or the environment. In 2014, 53 million pounds worth $170 million was harvested.


title: Dungeness crab

text: A 2020 study funded by NOAA showed that larval crabs are being affected by ocean acidification caused by lowered pH levels resulting in a higher concentration of hydrogen ions.


title: Dungeness crab

text: In 2009, after lobbying from schoolchildren at Sunset Primary School in West Linn, Oregon, and citing its importance to the Oregon economy, the Oregon Legislative Assembly designated the Dungeness crab as the state crustacean of Oregon.


title: Zuko

text: Prince Zuko () is a fictional character in Nickelodeon's animated television series "". Created by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko, the character is voiced by Dante Basco in "Avatar: The Last Airbender", Bruce Davison in "The Legend of Korra", and portrayed by Dev Patel in M. Night Shyamalan's 2010 film "The Last Airbender". He will be portrayed by Dallas Liu in the upcoming live-action Netflix adaptation of


title: Zuko

text: Zuko is the Crown Prince of the Fire Nation and a skilled firebender, meaning he has the ability to create and control fire. He is the eldest child of Fire Lord Ozai and the older brother of Princess Azula. Before the events of the series, Zuko is banished from the Fire Nation by his father and told he must capture the Avatar, a unique spiritually powerful individual who could threaten Ozai's plan for global conquest, in order to restore his honor and right to the throne. Zuko is accompanied and advised in his search by his uncle Iroh.


title: Zuko

text: At the beginning of the series, he is the primary antagonist, opposing Avatar Aang and his allies. Over time, however, Zuko loses faith in the Fire Nation's war, feels guilt for his crimes, and begins to sympathize with those the Fire Nation has oppressed. In the later part of the animated series, Zuko joins Aang, teaching him firebending, and fights to overthrow his father and restore peace. Zuko also comes to realize that Iroh has been more of a father to him than Ozai.


title: Zuko

text: In , Zuko is introduced as the main antagonist, who is attempting to capture Avatar Aang in hopes of reclaiming his honor. Throughout the season he pursues the Avatar, at times both helped and hindered by Iroh. Zuko competes in his quest against , an ambitious Fire Nation admiral who is also attempting to capture the Avatar for political gain. When Zhao captures Aang, Zuko disguises himself as "The Blue Spirit" and rescues Aang from Zhao's fortress to prevent him from accomplishing his goal. Later, Zuko escapes an assassination attempt plotted by Zhao. During the invasion of the Northern Water Tribe, Zuko captures Aang, but both nearly die in a snowstorm before they are rescued by Aang's friends. Zuko encounters Zhao and attacks him, but Aang , in the Avatar State, abducts Zhao before the fight is concluded. Zuko attempts to save Zhao from the Aang, but Zhao is too proud to accept Zuko's help. Zuko survives the battle with help from Iroh, who betrayed Zhao to protect the ocean and moon spirits. In retaliation for Iroh's betrayal and Zuko's failure to capture the Avatar, Fire Lord Ozai assigns Zuko's younger sister Azula to capture Zuko and Iroh.


title: Zuko

text: In , Zuko and Iroh travel the Earth Kingdom as impoverished refugees, pursued by Azula. After briefly quarreling and parting ways with Iroh, Zuko reunites with his uncle against Azula. After Azula wounds Iroh, Zuko nurses Iroh back to health and Iroh teaches Zuko the rare firebending technique of redirecting lightning. Zuko and Iroh travel to the walled city of Ba Sing Se and find employment at a tea shop in the slums. Zuko reluctantly adapts to his new life until he learns of Aang's presence in Ba Sing Se and attempts to steal Aang's pet bison Appa. However, Iroh convinces Zuko to abandon his quest and let Appa go. Azula infiltrates the city to stage a coup and arranges a trap for Zuko and Iroh. Zuko is imprisoned together with Aang's friend , and the two share a brief moment of compassion before Aang and Iroh come to rescue them. Azula convinces Zuko to betray Iroh, Katara and the Avatar. In the resulting fight, Aang is mortally wounded, though later revived by Katara, and Iroh is arrested for helping Aang and Katara escape from the conquered city.


title: Zuko

text: In , Zuko returns to his country a hero thanks to Azula crediting him with killing the Avatar. Zuko suspects that Aang survived and hires an assassin to ensure Aang's death to cover up Azula's lie. He resumes his romantic relationship with his childhood friend Mai, but continues to feel guilty and uncertain of his decisions. After he learns that his mother's grandfather was Avatar Roku, Aang's predecessor, as well as Azula and Ozai's plan to burn the Earth Kingdom to the ground, Zuko decides to turn his back on the Fire Nation and help Aang overthrow Ozai. He confronts his father about his cruel treatment and the Fire Nation's destructive effect on the world, before leaving to join Aang. Although they initially reject him, Aang and his companions grow to accept Zuko as a member of the group after he proves his loyalty to them. He trains Aang in firebending, and the two journey together to meet the last dragons, from whom they learn that firebending can be powered by the energy of life, rather than rage.


title: Zuko

text: When Zuko is finally reunited with Iroh in the series finale, he tearfully apologizes for his mistakes and gets his uncle's forgiveness. Refusing the throne himself, Iroh suggests that Zuko become the next Fire Lord, citing Zuko's "unquestionable honor." Arriving at the Fire Nation capital with Katara, Zuko duels Azula for the throne. When Azula faces defeat, she forces Zuko to place himself in the path of a lightning bolt aimed at Katara, wounding him. Katara defeats Azula and heals Zuko. After Aang defeats Ozai and wins the war, Zuko becomes the new Fire Lord, promising world order and harmony with the aid of the Avatar.


title: Zuko

text: In , following Zuko's crown ceremony, seventeen-year-old Zuko asks Aang to promise to kill him if he ever becomes like his father. Aang reluctantly agrees. One year later, Zuko is working with the other nations to return captured colonial lands to the Earth Kingdom as part of the Harmony Restoration Movement. Kori Morishita attempts to assassinate Zuko in retaliation for forcibly relocating the multicultural residents of the Fire Nation colonies. Zuko travels to Kori's hometown, and Fire Nation Colony, Yu Dao, where he meets people of Fire Nation and the Earth Kingdom ancestry living and working together. Zuko becomes conflicted and consults with the imprisoned Ozai, who advises Zuko that whatever decision he makes is inherently the correct choice because he exercises the power of the Fire Lord. Zuko decides to break from the Harmony Restoration Movement. The Earth King responds with a military force of his own and Zuko is forced to lead troops to Yu Dao to protect the Fire Nation civilians. In the battle, Aang and Zuko clash. However, Katara convinces the Earth King that the colonies are neither Fire Nation nor the Earth Kingdom, but rather a multicultural people. Peace is restored, and Zuko realizes that forcing Aang to make the promise was a way of distancing himself from his responsibilities as Fire Lord. He releases Aang from the promise, and the two reestablish their friendship and trust.


title: Zuko

text: In various flashbacks in , it is revealed that Zuko's mother, Ursa, was previously engaged to a man named Ikem in her hometown of Hira'a, but had to leave him after being pressured into marrying Prince Ozai. Even after Zuko's birth, Ursa continued to write letters to Ikem, but Ozai intercepted the letters. Ursa, suspecting the interception, writes a letter claiming Zuko is Ikem's son rather than Ozai's. Ozai confronts her, and although he believes Zuko is truly his son, he retaliates by claiming to have ordered Ikem to be killed and stating he will treat Zuko as if he were actually Ikem's son.


title: Zuko

text: A later flashback reveals that Ursa was responsible for creating an untraceable poison used by Ozai to kill Fire Lord Azulon in order to protect Zuko from Azulon. Ozai, fearing that Ursa would one day use the same poison against him, banishes Ursa from the palace the same night.


title: Zuko

text: In the present, Azula reveals to Zuko she had access to the letters intercepted by Ozai. She uses her knowledge of their contents as leverage to be allowed to come with Zuko to find Ursa. Zuko and Azula travel with Aang, Katara, and Sokka to Hira'a. On the journey, Zuko tries to be more compassionate towards Azula, who suffers from erratic behavior and hallucinations following her mental breakdown. Zuko discovers the letter from Ursa stating that Zuko is Ikem's son, and begins to doubt if he is the rightful Fire Lord. Azula manipulates these doubts to weaken Zuko's resolve to be Fire Lord.


title: Zuko

text: Zuko and Azula discover that Ursa is alive and married to Ikem, having had her memories erased and appearance changed by a spirit to relieve her of the pain of losing her children. Zuko is satisfied to know that Ursa is happy and is prepared to leave Ursa in peace, but with Ikem's encouragement, reveals to her that he is her forgotten son. Zuko also says that he is Ikem's son, but Ikem says that this is not possible, implying that he and Ursa never had intercourse before her marriage to Ozai. Azula attacks Ursa and Zuko and tries to persuade Zuko to give up the throne. Zuko reaffirms his commitment to his destiny as Fire Lord as well as their relationship as brother and sister. Azula's emotional and mental resolve breaks, and she flees into the forest.


title: Zuko

text: Ursa chooses to have her memories and appearance restored by the spirit. Ursa reveals her past to Zuko, including that the letter claiming he was Ikem's son is false and that he is the rightful Fire Lord.


title: Zuko

text: Weeks later, in , Azula secretly manipulates Ozai loyalists into taking actions against Zuko, including an assassination attempt and kidnapping schemes that target Zuko's family and allies. In response, Zuko begins making harsher decisions in an attempt to preserve security and authority. Zuko's decisions are criticized by his allies and citizens as excessive. This leads to protesting and rioting within the Fire Nation capitol. Zuko and his allies eventually discover Azula's plot. Before escaping, Azula says she has accepted Fire Lord Zuko's claim as rightful Fire Lord, and has also accepted her own destiny to shape Zuko into becoming a stronger and more ruthless leader. In a speech, Fire Lord Zuko apologizes to his people and asks for their forgiveness, patience and trust as he tries to become a better leader.


title: Zuko

text: In "The Legend of Korra", the multicultural region created in "The Promise" has developed into the United Republic of Nations. Lord Zuko, now eighty-seven years old, has abdicated the throne in favor of his daughter, Izumi, and travels the world on his dragon Druk as an ambassador for peace. He is commemorated by a statue at Republic City's Central City Station. His grandson Iroh (also voiced by Dante Basco) serves as a general of the United Republics' armed forces.


title: Zuko

text: In "Book Three: Change", it is revealed that Zuko worked with the Order of the White Lotus to keep major threats in check in the years before Avatar Korra was able. Most notably, he worked alongside Sokka, Aang's son Tenzin, and Korra's father Tonraq to thwart an attempt by the criminal Zaheer and his Red Lotus followers to kidnap Korra when she was a child. Fourteen years later, Zuko learns that Zaheer has become an airbender and escaped from prison. He enlists Tonraq and Korra's cousins Desna and Eska to keep Zaheer's partner P'Li from escaping, but fails to prevent P'Li from rejoining Zaheer. After Zaheer assassinates the Earth Queen, Zuko returns to the Fire Nation to protect Izumi. Zuko briefly counsels Korra he departs and is surprised to learn that the Avatar has spoken to his long-deceased uncle in the Spirit World. After Korra defeats Zaheer, Zuko attends Jinora's airbending mastership ceremony and expresses concerns about the lingering threat of the Red Lotus.


title: Zuko

text: Zuko makes a final non-speaking appearance in "Book Four: Balance", attending the coronation of Prince Wu along with Izumi.


title: Zuko

text: Zuko's addition to the plot of Avatar: The Last Airbender came from executive producer Eric Coleman; during very early production, when Ozai was planned to be the main villain, Coleman suggested that they needed a character who would follow Team Avatar. Additionally, Zuko was initially to be portrayed as an adult. Coleman, however, suggested that the character be portrayed as a "really driven kid" chasing Aang. It was followed by Bryan Konietzko asking whether he could have a scar, to which Coleman agreed. As a result, Coleman was dubbed "the godfather of Zuko".


title: Zuko

text: In the "Avatar Extras" for "The Avatar Returns" it is stated that "Zuko was originally going to be the love interest for ", and in "The Ember Island Players" it is stated that "the creators and writers toyed with the idea of Zuko and Katara falling in love". Co-creators Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko deny that they ever considered Zuko and Katara getting together, and claim that Katara becoming a couple with Aang was planned from the start"." However, these statements are contradicted by writer John O'Bryan, who said that the topic of Katara ending up with Zuko instead of Aang came up a lot in the writer's room. This is corroborated by writer Joshua Hamilton who says that the staff argued about whether Katara should end up with Zuko or Aang. The initial proposal of the series as outlined in the I.P. Bible also does not have Katara enter a romantic relationship with anyone, countering the claims that Katara was always intended to end up with Aang.


title: Zuko

text: Zuko was originally going to switch sides and join Team Avatar at the end of Book Two: Earth, but head writer Aaron Ehasz felt that he "still wasn't ready" at that point.


title: Zuko

text: According to the "Avatar Extras" of the "The Cave of Two Lovers", Zuko was no longer a sheltered prince and was forced to experience life as a refugee, and thus his journey reflected the experiences of the Buddha.


title: Zuko

text: The Blue Spirit design was inspired from a Dragon King Nuo mask from Chinese opera. His mask was made blue, because the creators thought that a red mask would give away the Blue Spirit's secret identity to the audience too easily.


title: Zuko

text: Zuko is a complex character who demonstrates a number of contradictory traits, beliefs, and behaviors. As Fire Nation royalty, he has a superiority complex and considers many people to be inferior to him. Though at the same time he has a great sense of justice and refuses to view people as expendable. Zuko felt that he did not need luck so he could be the master of his own fate; but he also believed that he was "lucky to be born" in contrast to Azula who was "born lucky", and that his bad luck had turned the whole world against him.


title: Zuko

text: He is skilled in "Dao duel-wielding," as in the episode "The Blue Spirit" wherein he withstands a large number of adversaries. In "Avatar: The Lost Adventures," it was revealed that he studied under Master Piandao, his uncle's colleague and Sokka's master sword fighting instructor. Zuko has also demonstrated an ability in stealth and unarmed combat, as when able to infiltrate a Fire Nation fortress, the Northern Water Tribe's city, and the Dai Li's base in the Earth Kingdom without detection.


title: Zuko

text: Zuko is highly skilled in Firebending, and is one of the most powerful firebenders by the end of the show. Firebending is mostly based on Northern Shaolin, with firebenders utilizing Chinese martial arts techniques of Changquan, Shaolinquan, Lóng Xíng Mó Qiáo and Xing Yi Quan.<ref name="avatar2/index.jhtml"></ref> The series' creators consulted a professional martial artist in the design of the show's fighting style. Firebending represents the element of power, and is categorized as the most aggressive of the "four bending arts." Firebender discipline stresses self-restraint and breath control as a means of directing and containing the fire manifested. Poor breath control means dangerously poor control of any fire generated. For this reason, breathing exercises are one of the most critical first steps for beginning firebenders.


title: Zuko

text: Zuko's character has received overwhelmingly positive reception from critics and audiences alike. Tory Ireland Mell of "IGN" thought it was "painful" to watch Zuko try to win the trust of Team Avatar as he was "completely vulnerable, and no one cared." Mell found his reunion with Iroh to be "heartwarming." Zuko was listed by Zach Blumenfeld from "Paste" as the best character from the "Avatar" universe, with Blumenfeld noting his complex transformation and redemption story over the course of the series. John Maher of "The Dot and Line" stated that Zuko's character development throughout the series is "the best redemption arc in the history of television". Dante Basco received praise for his portrayal of the character.


title: Clive Myrie

text: Clive Myrie (born 25 August 1964) is a British journalist, newsreader and presenter who works for the BBC. Since August 2021 he has been the host of the long-running BBC quiz shows "Mastermind" and "Celebrity Mastermind".


title: Clive Myrie

text: Myrie was born on 25 August 1964 in Bolton, Lancashire, England, to Jamaican immigrant parents, who came to the United Kingdom in the 1960s. His uncle Cecil was a munitions driver in the Royal Air Force during the war. His mother was a seamstress who worked for Mary Quant, while his father Norris was a factory worker who made car batteries and carpets. His parents are divorced, and his father returned to Jamaica following his retirement. Myrie was educated at Hayward Grammar School in his home town of Bolton, followed by Bolton Sixth Form College, where he completed his A-levels. He graduated from the University of Sussex with a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1985.


title: Clive Myrie

text: Myrie joined the BBC in 1987 as a trainee local radio reporter, on the corporation's graduate journalism programme. His first assignment was as a reporter for Radio Bristol in 1988, returning to the BBC after a year with Independent Radio News. He then reported for "Points West", and latterly BBC Television and Radio News.


title: Clive Myrie

text: In 1996 he became a BBC foreign correspondent and has since reported from more than 80 countries. He initially became the BBC's Tokyo correspondent, and was then the Los Angeles correspondent from 1997 to 1999. He was appointed a BBC Asia Correspondent in 2002 and was Paris correspondent from 2006 to 2007. His career has encompassed major stories such as the impeachment of U.S. President Bill Clinton, and wars in Kosovo, Afghanistan and Iraq. During the invasion of Iraq by coalition forces in March 2003, Myrie was an embedded correspondent with 40 Commando Royal Marines, joining them initially on HMS "Ocean" and subsequently during operations on the Al-Faw Peninsula. Myrie had to write a "goodbye" letter to his family, in case of his death due to the danger this particular assignment posed.


title: Clive Myrie

text: After latterly serving as Europe correspondent based in Brussels, he was appointed a presenter on the BBC News Channel in April 2009, replacing the retired Chris Lowe. Since joining BBC News, Myrie has presented the "BBC Weekend News" and weekend editions of "BBC News at Ten" and "BBC Breakfast", both on BBC One. In June 2014, he began presenting weekday bulletins on BBC One.


title: Clive Myrie

text: In September 2010 Myrie broke the story that ETA had declared a unilateral ceasefire after he met an ETA operative in Paris, who handed over a tape of the organisation's leaders making the declaration.


title: Clive Myrie

text: He has presented the 18:30-to-midnight slot, Monday to Thursday, on the BBC News Channel. During the 2015 general election, he was the main presenter of "Election Tonight" at 19:30 and 21:30. Since 2019, Myrie has focused on BBC One network bulletins with the evening shift presented by a set of relief presenters.


title: Clive Myrie

text: Myrie reported extensively from Kathmandu on the earthquake that struck the city on 25 April 2015, including the rescues of two Nepali citizens who were found alive under two collapsed buildings on 30 April 2015. In October 2017, Myrie visited Bangladesh to report on the Rohingya refugee crisis.


title: Clive Myrie

text: Myrie has occasionally presented on BBC World News, including "World News Today", "World News America" and the 2016 US election. He appeared as a guest on BBC One's "Have I Got News for You" on 15 April 2016. In September 2017, Myrie appeared as a panellist on Richard Osman's "House of Games" quiz show. He has also presented with Katty Kay the current affairs programme "Beyond 100 Days".


title: Clive Myrie

text: In 2019 Myrie began presenting the "BBC News at Six" and "BBC News at Ten" on alternate Fridays with Sophie Raworth following the departure of Fiona Bruce to "Question Time". He now presents the "BBC News at Ten" on Fridays and in the absence of Huw Edwards.


title: Clive Myrie

text: On 22 March 2021 it was announced that Myrie would become the new host of the flagship BBC Two quiz show "Mastermind" and its BBC One spin-off show, "Celebrity Mastermind," following John Humphrys' decision to leave after 18 years. Myrie made his debut as host on 23 August 2021. In November 2021, he featured as a guest participant in an episode of the BBC Two programme "Celebrity Antiques Road Trip" with fellow newsreader Reeta Chakrabarti.


title: Clive Myrie

text: Myrie hosted a documentary series on Jazz FM entitled "The Definitive History of Jazz In Britain", broadcasting over ten weeks from 4 April to 6 June 2021. He also occasionally presents classical music on BBC Radio 3.


title: Clive Myrie

text: In February 2022 he travelled to Ukraine and was the anchor for BBC coverage of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. In one report on the invasion, Myrie stated that he and other journalists were staying in the city as "We all want to tell the story of this war, and we want to tell it accurately." On 8 March, he announced his return to the UK but promised he would return to the warzone.


title: Clive Myrie

text: Myrie is married to Catherine Myrie, an upholsterer and furniture restorer. Myrie met his wife, who then worked in publishing, at the 1992 London launch of a book about Swiss cheeses. According to Myrie, she "gave me the courage and space to pursue my dreams."


title: Clive Myrie

text: Myrie enjoys going to the cinema and his favourite music genre is jazz, which he discovered at university. While at school he learned to play the violin and the trumpet and played in the local youth orchestra; appearing on "Saturday Live" in February 2022 his Inheritance Tracks were "Welcome to My World" by Jim Reeves and "So What" by Miles Davis. He is a supporter of Manchester City F.C.


title: Clive Myrie

text: Myrie has experienced racist abuse, which has included death threats, and being the recipient of a card, with a gorilla on the front, which read: "We don't want people like you on our TV screens."


title: Clive Myrie

text: Myrie has won several nominations for his work, most significantly for his role in the BAFTA-nominated BBC team behind coverage of the Mozambique floods in 2000. He was awarded the Bayeux-Calvados Award for war correspondents for his reporting of ethnic violence on the island of Borneo.


title: Clive Myrie

text: In 2016, he received an honorary doctorate from Staffordshire University. In 2019, the University of Sussex awarded him a "Doctor of the University" degree. In 2022, he received an honorary doctorate from University of Bolton, which he described as "an honour".


title: Clive Myrie

text: In the RTS Television Journalism Awards 2021, Myrie was named both "Television Journalist of the Year" and "Network Presenter of the Year", winning the accolades "for his versatile, measured and compelling style".


title: Bruce Wayne (Gotham)

text: Bruce Wayne, alternately known by his vigilante name the Dark Knight, is a fictional character appearing in the Warner Bros. TV/DC Comics series "Gotham", based on the character of the same name who is the secret identity of DC Comics superhero Batman, created by Bill Finger and Bob Kane, and developed for television by Bruno Heller. "Gotham" portrays Bruce's teenage years and transition into adapting his Batman personality in later years. The series marks the second time Batman was adapted for live-action television after the 1960s Batman series, though the lead character in "Gotham" is James Gordon. Bruce is portrayed by David Mazouz while Mikhail Mudrik had an uncredited role as the adult Bruce in the series finale (with Mazouz providing the character's voice). In October 2022, Heller expressed interest in Mazouz potentially reprising his role as Bruce in a flashforward sequence towards the end of the eventual series finale of the "Gotham" and "V for Vendetta" prequel television series "Pennyworth".


title: Bruce Wayne (Gotham)

text: Bruce Wayne is the orphaned son of Thomas and Martha Wayne, who are murdered at the beginning of the series by a masked gunman. After the incident, Bruce began to question the inner workings of Gotham City, and along with his allies, seeks to uncover the corruption destroying Gotham and get to the reason behind his parents' murder. In the process, he begins the training that shapes his destiny as a feared vigilante, known as Batman. In "Pennyworth", Bruce is revealed to have had an older sister, Samantha, who disappeared long before he was born.


title: Bruce Wayne (Gotham)

text: After long efforts were made to create a television series based on Batman's origins with little success, "Gotham" was conceived by Bruno Heller and was eventually picked up by Fox. Though the series eventually focused on James Gordon, chronicling his rise to commissioner of the Gotham City police, Bruce Wayne remained a central character. David Mazouz went through a long audition before finally winning the role of Bruce, hearing the news after attending school one day. Mazouz cites Batman comics as main inspiration for playing his character.


title: Bruce Wayne (Gotham)

text: For the series finale, which flashes forward ten years into the future from the rest of the series, Mikhail Mudrik provides the body double for the adult Bruce in his vigilante suit during action sequences, but Mazouz provides the character's voice and is seen in the suit for closeup shots.


title: Bruce Wayne (Gotham)

text: Mazouz said that "Gotham" characterizes Bruce as wise beyond his years, and that he was drawn to the character's maturity:


title: Bruce Wayne (Gotham)

text: In October 2022, asked alongside John Stephens as to who he would consider casting as a young 10 to 11-year-old Bruce Wayne in the "Gotham" and "V for Vendetta" prequel television series "Pennyworth", while promoting its third season, Heller stated that there were no plans beyond featuring Bruce as a baby in the main plot of "Pennyworth", but with regards to a future flashforward epilogue: "I think we had the best Batman out there in David Mazouz. I'll bring him back [in the series finale."


title: Bruce Wayne (Gotham)

text: Bruce is introduced as the 12-year-old son of wealthy businessman Thomas Wayne and his wife Martha. Thomas is the CEO of Wayne Enterprises, a vast multinational corporation that is secretly actually controlled by the secret organization The Court of Owls. After Bruce's parents are murdered, he embarks on a mission to find their killer and protect Gotham City from criminals.


title: Bruce Wayne (Gotham)

text: In the pilot episode, Bruce witnesses a mugger murder his parents in a dark alley behind the movie theater. As the Gotham City Police Department arrives, detective Jim Gordon comforts Bruce at the scene and promises to find his parents killer. Though Gordon and his partner Harvey Bullock find the alleged killer, Mario Pepper, and gun him down, they later realize that mobster Fish Mooney framed him and that the real killer is still at large. Bruce becomes obsessed with finding the real killer, and with training himself to become a vigilante. Alfred Pennyworth, the Waynes' butler and Bruce's guardian following their deaths, is troubled by Bruce's behavior, but nevertheless agrees to train him in armed and unarmed combat, and becomes his guide and mentor.


title: Bruce Wayne (Gotham)

text: Bruce later meets street orphans Selina Kyle and Ivy Pepper; unbeknownst to Bruce, Selina witnessed the murder of his parents, and Ivy is the daughter of the wrongly accused murderer. Bruce and Selina become close as Selina temporarily stays at Wayne Manor for shelter. Bruce becomes skeptical of how his father's company is run and is convinced that someone in the company wanted his parents dead. With Selina's help, he infiltrates Wayne Enterprises and gains access to crucial information. Though the executive he was trying to spy on catches him, Bruce encounters Lucius Fox in the aftermath of being caught. Fox offers to help him, revealing that Thomas Wayne did not approve of the corruption behind the company. Alfred and Bruce later find a secret cave underneath Wayne Manor belonging to his father.


title: Bruce Wayne (Gotham)

text: Bruce digs further into Wayne Manor, and finds a letter from his father telling him to choose between "happiness or truth". He also finds a computer that appears to have vital information about Wayne Enterprises, but Alfred attempts to stop Bruce from investigating further out of concern for his safety, even smashing the computer. Bruce refuses to back down and fires Alfred, but later relents and hires him back under the condition they work together. Bruce, Selina and Alfred later attend a charity ball that is infiltrated by criminals led by Jerome Valeska and Barbara Kean. When Alfred's life is threatened by the intrusion, Bruce goes back for him and is almost killed himself before Theo Galavan, a wealthy industrialist, intervenes and kills Jerome. Galavan turns out to actually be the leader of the criminals, masterminding the event to make himself look like a hero while secretly planning to destroy the Wayne family. Galavan poses as a father figure to gain Bruce's trust, and Bruce grows close to Galavan's niece Silver St. Cloud. Galavan eventually reveals his true colors and kidnaps Bruce and Silver. With help from Selina, Gordon and Galavan's sister Tabitha, Bruce escapes and saves Silver's life, leaving Theo there before Gordon and crime boss Oswald Cobblepot confront and kill Theo.


title: Bruce Wayne (Gotham)

text: The second half of season two has Bruce continuing to track down his parents' killer. Alfred eventually confronts Bruce and confirms the name of the killer as Patrick "Matches" Malone (Michael Bowen). After receiving a gun from Selina and finding Matches' location, Bruce confronts Matches in the latter's apartment, only to find that Matches was contracted by another source that he refuses to name. Matches, who is suicidal, begs Bruce to put him out of his misery, but Bruce refuses, leaving Matches to shoot himself. Bruce then decides to live in the streets with Selina in order to learn what it takes to fight crime in Gotham. He returns once Fox fixes his father's computer. Soon afterward, Bruce, Fox, and Alfred discover that Hugo Strange (B.D. Wong), a former colleague of Thomas Wayne, was the one who ordered the hit. Strange had been conducting mutation experiments within Wayne Enterprises' Indian Hills program; when Thomas shut the program down, Strange retaliated by having him killed. When the GCPD refuses to indict Strange due to a lack of evidence, Bruce personally heads to Indian Hills with Selina to confront Strange, who unleashes a number of mutated monsters onto the city and captures Bruce, Lucius, and Alfred. The GCPD intervenes when Strange threatens to blow the facility up, arresting Strange and freeing the captives. Strange's monsters continue to roam the streets, however, one of them including a teenage boy who resembles Bruce himself.


title: Bruce Wayne (Gotham)

text: Upon further investigation, Bruce encounters the Court of Owls, an organization revealed to be pulling the strings in Wayne Enterprises. The leader of the Court, Kathryn Monroe, offers Bruce a deal: if he stops investigating them, they will spare his life and those of his loved ones. Bruce reluctantly agrees. Bruce eventually encounters and fights his doppelgänger, faces off against a resurrected Jerome, enters a relationship with Selina, and is kidnapped and trained by a mysterious Shaman, later meeting Ra's al Ghul in the process. In the season's final scene, a masked Bruce dressed in military-grade body armor of his father's invention saves a family from a mugger.


title: Bruce Wayne (Gotham)

text: While training to fight crime as the "Dark Knight", Bruce starts investigating Ra's al Ghul, and learns that the mysterious terrorist wants to gain possession of a millennia-old dagger. Bruce buys the dagger at auction to draw Ra's out, but Ra's retaliates by killing Bruce's young friend Alex. Bruce becomes obsessed with avenging Alex, and confronts Ra's – who surprises him by begging Bruce to put him out of his misery. Bruce refuses, but when Ra's threatens his loved ones, he loses control and stabs Ra's with the dagger. Bruce feels guilty for killing Ra's in cold blood, and falls into a deep depression. He numbs the pain by partying nonstop, fires Alfred and gives up his plan to protect Gotham. When Ivy (Peyton List) doses him with her hallucinogenic plant toxin, however, he sees a vision of a fearsome, mysterious cloaked entity – what he would be in the future  – who says he cannot escape who he really is before dissolving into a swarm of bats. That night, he reconciles with Alfred, and prevents Ivy from killing a crowd full of Gotham's social elite at a charity auction.


title: Bruce Wayne (Gotham)

text: Meanwhile, he befriends Jerome Valeska's twin brother Jeremiah – unaware that he is just as insane as his brother and planning to destroy Gotham. The League of Shadows later kidnaps Bruce with the goal of resurrecting Ra's and having Ra's usurp the League's current leader, Barbara Kean. Bruce reluctantly does so as a way to redeem his sin and Ra's returns, albeit in a weakened form. Ra's eventually regains his strength and promises to leave Bruce alone until the time comes to reforge Bruce into "Gotham's Dark Knight." After Jeremiah's plan to bomb the city fails, Ra's returns to Gotham to ally himself with Jeremiah to fulfill Bruce's destiny. When Ra's and Jeremiah reveal their plan, they both tell Bruce that they are destroying Gotham for his benefit, to help him become the "Dark Knight" he is destined to be. The two criminal masterminds kidnap Alfred and dose Bruce with Jonathan Crane's fear toxin, plaguing him with hallucinations of Alfred going insane and attacking him. When it wears off, he returns with Alfred and Selina to Wayne Manor – where Jeremiah appears and shoots Selina in the stomach, injuring her spinal cord. After seeing Selina off to the hospital, he goes to confront Ra's and Jeremiah, who have destroyed all bridges leading outside of Gotham, turning the city into a "". During the ensuing struggle, Kean, Ra's' onetime lover and protégé, puts the dagger in Bruce's hand and forces him to stab Ra's, mortally wounding him. As he dies, Ra's tells Bruce that he must choose between simply being Bruce Wayne and becoming the "Dark Knight". After Gotham is evacuated, Bruce decides to stay behind and help Gordon fight the criminals who have taken over the city.


title: Bruce Wayne (Gotham)

text: Months later, Bruce helps Gordon provide the people of the Narrows with food, shelter and medicine. He also uses herbs reluctantly supplied by Ivy to help Selina regain the ability to walk. When Selina goes after Jeremiah looking for revenge, he tries to stop her, but is unable to prevent her from stabbing and seemingly killing Jeremiah. She tearfully confesses to him that she saw his parents die and did nothing, and rejects his attempts to comfort her.


title: Bruce Wayne (Gotham)

text: Meanwhile, Jeremiah, who has become obsessed with Bruce, kidnaps him and tries to convince him of his plan to recreate the night that Bruce's parents were murdered. When Bruce refuses and sees the ruse, Jeremiah blows up Wayne Manor. Jeremiah then flees to Ace Chemicals, and in the ensuing struggle with Bruce falls into a vat of toxic waste.


title: Bruce Wayne (Gotham)

text: Soon afterward, Ivy uses her plant toxins to hypnotize Bruce and get him to poison Gotham's water supply. Selina manages to snap him out of it, and they defeat Ivy with help from Fox. Later, Bruce and Selina attend the wedding of Gordon and Leslie Thompkins, and share a passionate kiss.


title: Bruce Wayne (Gotham)

text: Theresa Walker, the government operative who has been overseeing Gotham's reconstruction, reveals her true identity as Nyssa al Ghul, Ra's al Ghul's daughter, and pledges to avenge her father's death by killing Bruce. With help from Selina and Gordon, Bruce defeats Nyssa, but at a cost: Nyssa's henchman Bane severely injures Alfred. Bruce blames himself, and leaves Gotham so no one else he loves will be hurt. Before he leaves, he tells Alfred that he will be gone a long time, but that he will return once he is able to protect Gotham. Bruce decides to start his training for his war on crime.


title: Bruce Wayne (Gotham)

text: In the series finale ten years later, Bruce returns to Gotham, which has flourished with Gordon as Commissioner of the GCPD, to celebrate the opening of the new Wayne Tower. At the same time, a mysterious vigilante in a bat-like costume begins apprehending Gotham's wanted criminals, including Penguin, Riddler, and a returned Jeremiah. This mysterious figure, whom Lucius and Alfred know is Bruce, also has a run-in with Selina, who has become a cat burglar, and has a quietly emotional exchange with her while concealed in the shadows. After escaping a prison van, Penguin and Riddler are frightened by the Dark Knight using a grappling hook to glide between rooftops. Finally, as Gordon and Bullock summon Batman through the Bat-Signal, he quietly observes the city from afar atop a building, becoming Gotham's protector for years to come.


title: Bruce Wayne (Gotham)

text: Mazouz has received praise for his portrayal of the teenage Bruce Wayne, with critics lauding his mature approach to portraying the character, especially for someone his age. However, there was some criticism for the perceived rushed pacing of Bruce's development in the show. In 2018, Mazouz was nominated for the Saturn Award for the Best Performance by a Younger Actor in a Television Series and the "Choice Action TV Actor" award at the Teen Choice Awards.


title: Survivor: Gabon

text: Survivor: Gabon — Earth's Last Eden is the seventeenth season of the American CBS competitive reality television series "Survivor". The premiere aired September 25, 2008, with the first two episodes screened back-to-back. "Survivor: Gabon" began filming in late June. It marked the second season of the series that was filmed in Africa ("" had been filmed seven years earlier in Kenya). Reports from Gabon indicate the show was filmed around the coastal towns of Nyonie and Ekwata in the Wonga-Wongue Presidential Reserve.


title: Survivor: Gabon

text: This season, players sent to Exile Island had a choice of receiving a clue to the location of a Hidden Immunity Idol or a comfort item. On April 13, 2008, at the National Association of Broadcasters's annual show, Sony announced that the 17th season of "Survivor" would be the first to be shot in high definition, using Sony's XDCAMs. The show ranked number ten in DVR playback (2.33 million viewers), according to Nielsen prime DVR lift data from September 22, 2008 – November 23, 2008.


title: Survivor: Gabon

text: The winner was 57-year-old Robert "Bob" Crowley, a high school physics teacher from Maine. He defeated Susie Smith and Jessica "Sugar" Kiper in a 4–3–0 vote at the live finale to take the million dollar prize. In addition, Bob won the $100,000 "Sprint Survivor of the Season" award, beating out Matty Whitmore and Sugar, who were next highest in the popular vote. Crowley is the oldest survivor winner to date, by both birthday and age at victory.


title: Survivor: Gabon

text: This season started with 18 people divided into two tribes, Fang and Kota, named after ethnic groups in Gabon through a schoolyard pick. Former Dallas Cowboys head coach Jimmy Johnson was initially cast for this season, but was forced to drop out for medical reasons; he was replaced by Bob Crowley. Johnson went on to compete on "". Notable contestants from this season include former 2004 Olympic gold medalist Crystal Cox, professional gamer Ken Hoang, and Matty Whitmore, the grandson of actor James Whitmore.


title: Survivor: Gabon

text: Jessica "Sugar" Kiper and Randy Bailey returned for "". Corinne Kaplan returned for "" and later competed on "The Amazing Race 31" with two-time "Survivor" contestant Eliza Orlins. In 2020, Marcus Lehman competed on FOX's "Labor of Love".


title: Survivor: Gabon

text: The players were divided into tribes by a schoolyard pick started by the oldest players, Bob and Gillian. It became evident that Gillian's tribe, Fang, was weaker, losing many of the reward and immunity challenges even after a tribal switch, but a core alliance between Matty, Ken, and Crystal developed. On Bob's tribe, Kota, a series of alliances were formed, strengthened after the swap with the addition of Randy. Both the hidden immunity idol and Exile Island were in play; the winning tribe on reward challenges was able to send one of the losing tribe's members to the latter. At Exile, that player had the option of a clue to the immunity idol hidden near Exile (ultimately leading to a string of hidden clues to the idol), or to relax in a small shack with a provision of fruit and a hammock. Sugar was the second player to visit Exile and found the idol on her first visit; she was repeatedly sent back to Exile, where, isolated from both tribes, she relaxed most of the time. Sugar's idol was eventually discovered by Matty, Ken, and Crystal, and they decided to bring her into their alliance, with Ken convincing her to vote off her closest ally Ace who he claimed was using her for the idol.


title: Survivor: Gabon

text: On Day 22, both tribes were given clues suggesting a tribal merge; they enjoyed a celebratory meal, and discovered a hidden immunity idol nearby. Unanimously, the players agreed to throw the idol away into the ocean. They then discovered they were still separate tribes, mixed by random draw, and returned to their camps. This development proved crucial for the minority Fang alliance, who successfully convinced Kota alliance member Susie that she was on the bottom of her alliance, resulting in the elimination of Kota alliance leader Marcus. The tribes were then merged with the former Kota alliance in the minority. The Fang alliance, now with Susie, dominated the game, eliminating the former Kota alliance until only Bob was left. Bob won three consecutive immunity challenges, forcing the Fang alliance to turn on themselves and resulting in the eliminations of Crystal and Ken due to their strong strategic prowess.


title: Survivor: Gabon

text: The final four were Matty, Sugar, Susie, and Bob. Susie won the final immunity challenge and ended Bob's immunity streak. Sugar decided to vote with Bob due to their social bond, forcing a tie between him and Matty; Bob won the fire-making tiebreaker challenge.