title: La Tène culture

text: On the northernmost tip of the lake, between the river and a point south of the village of Epagnier (), Hansli Kopp, looking for antiquities for Colonel Frédéric Schwab, discovered several rows of wooden piles that still reached up about 50 cm into the water. From among these, Kopp collected about forty iron swords.


title: La Tène culture

text: The Swiss archaeologist Ferdinand Keller published his findings in 1868 in his influential first report on the Swiss pile dwellings ("Pfahlbaubericht"). In 1863 he interpreted the remains as a Celtic village built on piles. Eduard Desor, a geologist from Neuchâtel, started excavations on the lakeshore soon afterwards. He interpreted the site as an armory, erected on platforms on piles over the lake and later destroyed by enemy action. Another interpretation accounting for the presence of cast iron swords that had not been sharpened, was of a site for ritual depositions.


title: La Tène culture

text: With the first systematic lowering of the Swiss lakes from 1868 to 1883, the site fell completely dry. In 1880, Emile Vouga, a teacher from Marin-Epagnier, uncovered the wooden remains of two bridges (designated "Pont Desor" and "Pont Vouga") originally over 100 m long, that crossed the little Thielle River (today a nature reserve) and the remains of five houses on the shore. After Vouga had finished, F. Borel, curator of the Marin museum, began to excavate as well. In 1885 the canton asked the Société d'Histoire of Neuchâtel to continue the excavations, the results of which were published by Vouga in the same year.


title: La Tène culture

text: All in all, over 2500 objects, mainly made from metal, have been excavated in La Tène. Weapons predominate, there being 166 swords (most without traces of wear), 270 lanceheads, and 22 shield bosses, along with 385 brooches, tools, and parts of chariots. Numerous human and animal bones were found as well. The site was used from the 3rd century, with a peak of activity around 200 BCE and abandonment by about 60 BCE. Interpretations of the site vary. Some scholars believe the bridge was destroyed by high water, while others see it as a place of sacrifice after a successful battle (there are almost no female ornaments).


title: La Tène culture

text: An exhibition marking the 150th anniversary of the discovery of the La Tène site opened in 2007 at the Musée Schwab in Biel/Bienne, Switzerland, moving to move to Zürich in 2008 and Mont Beuvray in Burgundy in 2009.


title: La Tène culture

text: A genetic study published in "PLOS One" in December 2018 examined 45 individuals buried at a La Tène necropolis in Urville-Nacqueville, France. The people buried there were identified as Gauls. The mtDNA of the examined individuals belonged primarily to haplotypes of H and U. They were found to be carrying a large amount of steppe ancestry, and to have been closely related to peoples of the preceding Bell Beaker culture, suggesting genetic continuity between Bronze Age and Iron Age France. Significant gene flow with Great Britain and Iberia was detected. The results of the study partially supported the notion that French people are largely descended from the Gauls.


title: La Tène culture

text: A genetic study published in the "Journal of Archaeological Science" in October 2019 examined 43 maternal and 17 paternal lineages for the La Tène necropolis in Urville-Nacqueville, France, and 27 maternal and 19 paternal lineages for La Tène tumulus of Gurgy Les Noisats near modern Paris, France. The examined individuals displayed strong genetic resemblance to peoples of the earlier Yamnaya culture, Corded Ware culture and Bell Beaker culture. They carried a diverse set of maternal lineages associated with steppe ancestry. The paternal lineages were on the other hand characterized by a "striking homogeneity", belonging entirely to haplogroup R and R1b, both of whom are associated with steppe ancestry. The evidence suggested that the Gauls of the La Tène culture were patrilineal and patrilocal, which is in agreement with archaeological and literary evidence.


title: La Tène culture

text: A genetic study published in the "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America" in June 2020 examined the remains of 25 individuals ascribed to the La Tène culture. The nine examples of individual Y-DNA extracted were determined to belong to either the paragroups or subclades of haplogroups R1b1a1a2 (R-M269; three examples), R1b1a1a2a1a2c1a1a1a1a1 (R-M222), R1b1 (R-L278), R1b1a1a (R-P297), I1 (I-M253), E1b1b (E-M215), or other, unspecified, subclades of haplogroup R. The 25 samples of mtDNA extracted was determined to belong to various subclades of haplogroup H, HV, U, K, J, V and W. The examined individuals of the Hallstatt culture and La Tène culture were genetically highly homogeneous and displayed continuity with the earlier Bell Beaker culture. They carried about 50% steppe-related ancestry.


title: La Tène culture

text: A genetic study published in iScience in April 2022 examined 49 genomes from 27 sites in Bronze Age and Iron Age France. The study found evidence of strong genetic continuity between the two periods, particularly in southern France. The samples from northern and southern France were highly homogeneous, with northern samples displaying links to contemporary samples form Great Britain and Sweden, and southern samples displaying links to Celtiberians. The northern French samples were distinguished from the southern ones by elevated levels of steppe-related ancestry. R1b was by far the most dominant paternal lineage, while H was the most common maternal lineage. The Iron Age samples resembled those of modern-day populations of France, Great Britain and Spain. The evidence suggested that the Gauls of the La Tène culture largely evolved from local Bronze Age populations.


title: Debris (TV series)

text: Debris is an American science fiction television series that premiered on March 1, 2021 on NBC. The series, produced by Universal Television and Legendary Television, was created and co-executive produced by J. H. Wyman. In May 2021, the series was canceled after one season.


title: Debris (TV series)

text: Debris of an alien spacecraft has been falling across Earth over the last six months. An international task force is formed to identify and collect these pieces because they are found to have unusual and often deadly effects on humans and their surroundings. The show follows partners CIA operative Bryan Beneventi and MI6 operative Finola Jones as they track down these pieces. But there are also others who are seeking the pieces for themselves.


title: Debris (TV series)

text: The series was ordered as a pilot by NBC in January 2020, the first drama to be given a pilot order by the network for the 2020–21 season. The same day it was also announced that Jason Hoffs would be joining J.H. Wyman as co-executive producer. On June 29, 2020, NBC picked up the pilot to series. On May 27, 2021, NBC canceled the series after one season.


title: Debris (TV series)

text: On February 11, 2020, it was announced that Jonathan Tucker had been cast in the pilot as the male lead, in the character of Bryan Beneventi. Shortly after, it was announced that Riann Steele had been cast to portray the character of Finola Jones, the female lead. The same month, it was announced that Norbert Leo Butz would be joining the series main cast as Craig Maddox. On October 20, 2020, Anjali Jay was cast in a recurring role. On December 18, 2020, Gabrielle Ryan joined the cast in a recurring capacity. On January 26, 2021, Scroobius Pip was listed as being a main cast member. On February 3, 2021, Sebastian Roché was cast in a recurring role.


title: Debris (TV series)

text: Though the series was greenlighted only in January 2020, the majority of the pilot was filmed before production was suspended across the United States due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Filming for the remainder of the first season took place from November 2, 2020 to April 9, 2021, in Vancouver, British Columbia.


title: Debris (TV series)

text: The series premiered on March 1, 2021, on NBC. Legendary Television secured a deal with TF1 and U-Next for exclusive distribution rights to the series in France and Japan.


title: Debris (TV series)

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the series holds an approval rating of 72% based on 18 critic reviews, with an average rating of 6.75/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Though "Debris" early characterization is a shade too ambiguous, its central mystery has enough spooky sci-fi juice to keep viewers guessing—for at least one season." On Metacritic, it has a weighted average score of 63 out of 100 based on 11 critic reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


title: Debris (TV series)

text: Saloni Gajjar of "The A.V. Club" gave the series a B- and wrote a review saying, "As much as they're trying, the actors don't yet have the prowess to carry the emotive weight of the show. To find its space in this television landscape, "Debris" should rely on the power of the titular space junk."


title: A Time to Kill (Grisham novel)

text: A Time to Kill is a 1989 legal thriller and debut novel by American author John Grisham. The novel was rejected by many publishers before Wynwood Press eventually gave it a 5,000-copy printing. When Doubleday published "The Firm", Wynwood released a trade paperback of "A Time to Kill", which became a bestseller. Dell published the mass market paperback months after the success of "The Firm", bringing Grisham to widespread popularity among readers. Doubleday eventually took over the contract for "A Time to Kill" and released a special hardcover edition.


title: A Time to Kill (Grisham novel)

text: In 1996, the novel was adapted into a namesake film, starring Sandra Bullock, Matthew McConaughey, and Samuel L. Jackson. In 2011, it was further adapted into a namesake stage play by Rupert Holmes. The stage production opened at the Arena Stage in Washington, D.C. in May 2011 and opened on Broadway in October 2013. The novel spawned two sequels currently, "Sycamore Row", released in 2013, and "A Time for Mercy", released in 2020.


title: A Time to Kill (Grisham novel)

text: The story takes place in the fictional town of Clanton, in the equally fictional Ford County, Mississippi. This setting is also featured in other John Grisham novels. A passage in "The Chamber" reveals that the events of "A Time to Kill" took place in 1984.


title: A Time to Kill (Grisham novel)

text: Three of the characters, Jake Brigance, Harry Rex Vonner, and Lucien Wilbanks, later appear in two sequel novels, 2013's "Sycamore Row" and 2020's "A Time for Mercy". Harry Rex Vonner and Lucien Wilbanks also appear in Grisham's 2003 novel "The Last Juror", which is set in Clanton in the 1970s. Harry Rex Vonner also appears in the 2002 Grisham novel, "The Summons", and in the short story "Fish Files", in the 2009 collection "Ford County".


title: A Time to Kill (Grisham novel)

text: Grisham has described the book as "very autobiographical" in that the novel's "young attorney is basically me" and the drama is based on a case he witnessed. In 1984 Grisham witnessed the harrowing testimony of a 12-year-old rape victim at the DeSoto County courthouse in Hernando, Mississippi. Two sisters, Julie Scott, 16 years old, and Marcie Scott, her twelve-year-old sister, had both been raped, brutally beaten, and nearly murdered by Willie James Harris. Unlike Grisham's depiction, however, the Scotts were white and their assailant was black.


title: A Time to Kill (Grisham novel)

text: According to Grisham's official website, Grisham used his spare time to begin his first novel, which "explored what would have happened if the girl's father had murdered her assailants." He spent three years on "A Time to Kill" and finished it in 1987.


title: A Time to Kill (Grisham novel)

text: Grisham has also cited Harper Lee's "To Kill a Mockingbird" as an influence. Another stated inspiration was the success of "Presumed Innocent".


title: A Time to Kill (Grisham novel)

text: In the small town of Clanton, in fictional Ford County, Mississippi, a ten-year-old African-American girl named Tonya Hailey is viciously raped and beaten by two white supremacists, James "Pete" Willard and Billy Ray Cobb. Tonya is later found and rushed to the hospital while Pete and Billy Ray are heard bragging at a roadside bar about their crime. Tonya's distraught and outraged father, Carl Lee Hailey, consults his friend Jake Brigance, a white attorney who had previously represented Hailey's brother, on whether he could get himself acquitted if he killed the two men. Jake tells Carl Lee not to do anything stupid, but admits that if it had been his daughter, he would kill the rapists. Carl Lee is determined to avenge Tonya, and while Pete and Billy Ray are being led into holding after their bond hearing, he kills both men with an M16 rifle.


title: A Time to Kill (Grisham novel)

text: Carl Lee is charged with capital murder. Despite efforts to persuade Carl Lee to retain high-powered attorneys, he elects to be represented by Jake. Helping Jake are two loyal friends, disbarred attorney and mentor Lucien Wilbanks, and sleazy divorce lawyer Harry Rex Vonner. Later, the team is assisted by liberal law student Ellen Roark, who has prior experience with death penalty cases and offers her services as a temporary clerk "pro bono". Ellen appears to be interested in Jake romantically, but the married Jake resists her overtures. The team also receives some illicit behind-the-scenes help from black county sheriff Ozzie Walls, a figure beloved by the black community and also well respected by the white community who upholds the law by arresting Carl Lee but, as the father of two daughters of his own, privately supports Carl Lee and gives him special treatment while in jail and goes out of the way to assist Jake in any way he legally can. Carl Lee is prosecuted by Ford County's district attorney, Rufus Buckley, who hopes that the case will boost his political career. It is claimed that the judge presiding over Carl Lee's trial, Omar "Ichabod" Noose, has been intimidated by local white supremacist elements. Noose refuses Jake's request for a change of venue, even though the racial make-up of Ford County virtually guarantees an all-white jury, which later becomes the case.


title: A Time to Kill (Grisham novel)

text: Billy Ray's brother, Freddy, seeks revenge against Carl Lee, enlisting the help of the Mississippi branch of the Ku Klux Klan and its Grand Dragon, Stump Sisson. Subsequently, the KKK attempts to plant a bomb beneath Jake's porch, leading him to send his wife and daughter out of town until the trial is over. Later, the KKK attacks Jake's secretary, Ethel Twitty, and kills her frail husband, Bud. They also burn crosses in the yards of potential jurors to intimidate them. On the day the trial begins, a riot erupts between the KKK and the area's black residents outside the courthouse; Stump is killed by a molotov cocktail. Believing that the black people are at fault for Stump's death, the KKK increase their attacks.As a result, the National Guard is called to Clanton to keep the peace during Carl Lee's trial. The KKK shoots at Jake one morning as he is being escorted into the courthouse, missing Jake but seriously wounding one of the guardsmen assigned to protect him. Soon after, Ellen Roark is abducted and assaulted. They burn down Jake's house. During trial deliberations, the jury's spokesman is threatened by a KKK member with a knife. Eventually, they torture and murder "Mickey Mouse", one of Jake's former clients who had infiltrated the KKK and subsequently gave anonymous tips to the police, allowing them to anticipate most KKK attacks.


title: A Time to Kill (Grisham novel)

text: Despite the loss of his house and several setbacks at the start of the trial, Jake perseveres. He badly discredits the state's psychiatrist by establishing that he has never conceded to the insanity of any defendant in any criminal case in which he has been asked to testify, even when several other doctors have been in consensus otherwise. He traps the doctor with a revelation that several previous defendants found insane in their trials are currently under his care despite his having testified to their "sanity" in their respective trials. Jake follows this up with a captivating closing statement.


title: A Time to Kill (Grisham novel)

text: On the day of the verdict, tens of thousands of black citizens gather in town and demand Carl Lee's acquittal. The unanimous acquittal by reason of temporary insanity is only achieved when one of the jurors asks the others to seriously imagine that Carl Lee and his daughter were white and that the murdered rapists were black. Carl Lee returns to his family and the story ends with Jake, Lucien and Harry Rex having a celebratory drink before Jake holds a press conference and leaving town to reunite with his family.


title: A Time to Kill (Grisham novel)

text: Two sequel novels involving the same characters and setting have been released. The first, titled "Sycamore Row", was released on October 22, 2013, and the second, "A Time for Mercy", was released in October 2020.


title: Quetzal

text: Quetzals () are strikingly colored birds in the trogon family. They are found in forests, especially in humid highlands, with the five species from the genus "Pharomachrus" being exclusively Neotropical, while a single species, the eared quetzal, "Euptilotis neoxenus", is found in Mexico and very locally in the southernmost United States. In the highlands of the states of Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Durango, Nayarit, Zacatecas, Jalisco, and Michoacán, the Eared Quetzal (Euptilotis Neoxenus) can be found from northwest to west-central Mexico. It is a Mexican indigenous species, but some reports show that it occasionally travels and nests in southeastern Arizona and New Mexico in the United States. June to October is the mating season for Eared Quetzals. Quetzals are fairly large (all over 32 cm or 13 inches long), slightly bigger than other trogon species. The resplendent quetzal is the national bird of Guatemala because of its vibrant colour.


title: Quetzal

text: Quetzals have iridescent green or golden-green wing coverts, back, chest and head, with a red belly. Their wings are suited to camouflage under rainy conditions, because their feathers blend well with wet and shiny green area. They are strongly sexually dimorphic, and parts of the females' plumage are brown or grey. These largely solitary birds feed on fruits, berries, insects and small vertebrates (such as frogs). Even with their famous bright plumage, they can be hard to see in their natural wooded habitats.


title: Quetzal

text: None of the many quetzal species are under immediate threat in the wild, although the eared and resplendent quetzal are at the Near Threatened status. "Pharomachrus mocinno" is dependent on standing dead and mature trees for breeding holes, which are only formed in primary cloud forest; the species' breeding behavior is linked to the long term existence of these forests such as the few remaining in highland Guatemala. The remaining are not considered threatened by the IUCN and all are locally common. However, it should be kept in mind while despite the fact that quetzals typically inhabit cloud forests. The fact that they are being divided into much smaller patches is what is known as a principal threat to their survival. Resplendent Quetzals are known to relocate in lower elevated areas during the summertime when precipitation is known to increase, their patterns in movement are most likely correlated to an surplus of ripe Lauraceae fruits.


title: Quetzal

text: The name "quetzal" is from Nahuatl , "large brilliant tail feather" ("American Audubon Dictionary") or "tail coverts of the quetzal" ("Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary"), from the Nahuatl root = "stand up" used to refer to an upstanding plume of feathers. The word entered English through Spanish.


title: Quetzal

text: The word "quetzal" was originally used for just the resplendent quetzal, the long-tailed quetzal of Guatemala, (more specifically the area of Northern Guatemala known as the Petén) which is the national bird and the name of the currency of Guatemala. It still often refers to that bird specifically but now also names all the species of the genera "Pharomachrus" and "Euptilotis".


title: Quetzal

text: "Pharomachrus" is from Ancient Greek , "mantle", and , "long", referring to the wing and tail coverts of the resplendent quetzal (the second "h" is unexplained).


title: I Love You, Daddy

text: I Love You, Daddy is a 2017 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Louis C.K. and starring C.K., Chloë Grace Moretz, Pamela Adlon, John Malkovich, Rose Byrne, Charlie Day and Helen Hunt. Co-producer Vernon Chatman co-wrote the story with C.K. It is the second film C.K. directed after "Pootie Tang". He plays television writer and producer Glen Topher, who becomes disconcerted after his teenage daughter (Moretz) is seduced by a much older film director (Malkovich).


title: I Love You, Daddy

text: The film premiered at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival on September 9, 2017. Initially scheduled to be released in the United States on November 17, 2017, by The Orchard, the film was dropped following a week prior to the intended debut. On December 8, 2017, it was reported that C.K. was purchasing the film's global distribution rights back from The Orchard.


title: I Love You, Daddy

text: Glen Topher (Louis C.K.), a successful writer and producer of television dramas based in New York City, informs his ex-wife Aura (Helen Hunt) that their aimless teenage daughter, China (Chloë Grace Moretz), wants to move in with him, probably because of his wealthy lifestyle. Ralph (Charlie Day), Glen's closest friend, insinuates that China, being an attractive 17-year-old girl, probably spent her spring break in Florida playing sexual games with her classmates. China asks to go back to Florida to meet with the new friends she made there, and Glen is worried but can't say no to her. Maggie (Pamela Adlon), Glen's outspoken ex-girlfriend, thinks he's being a bad father for always giving his daughter whatever she wants.


title: I Love You, Daddy

text: A new television series about nurses, created by Glen, is set to air in the fall, but there is no script and no cast yet, much to the chagrin of Glen's nervous production partner Paula (Edie Falco). Through the machinations of an agent, famous actress Grace Cullen (Rose Byrne) shows up unannounced at Glen and Paula's production office seeking the lead role in the show. Grace claims that she has always wanted to work with Glen, who is charmed by her. A few days later, Grace invites Glen and China to a party where veteran film director Leslie Goodwin (John Malkovich), whom Glen idolizes, is also in attendance. China is wary of Leslie due to media reports accusing him of being a pedophile, but after talking with him, she becomes fascinated by him.


title: I Love You, Daddy

text: Glen soon enters into a romantic relationship with Grace, who informs him that Leslie has invited China on a trip to Paris with him and some friends. Glen is appalled, but when he confronts China about it, she is resolute about going. The situation leads Glen to a fight with Grace, and they break up. When China arrives home from Paris, Glen throws her a fancy celebration for her 18th birthday, but is haunted by the notion that she may have had sex with the much older Leslie. Glen confronts them both with his concerns, resulting in China getting upset with him and moving out of his house.


title: I Love You, Daddy

text: Months later, Glen is attending the Emmy Awards, where Leslie has just received the Best Director award for a show featuring Ralph as its star. Leslie tells Glen that he felt inspired by him to finally accept doing television work. Leslie also casually reveals that China had rejected his sexual advances while in Paris. In the end, Maggie acts as intermediary and Glen meets China at her new job at a department store, where the father and daughter begin to reconcile.


title: I Love You, Daddy

text: Production for the film was fully secret, with C.K. shooting entirely on black and white 35 mm film in June 2017. C.K.'s long-time collaborator Paul Koestner served as the film's cinematographer. The film's score by Zachary Seman and Robert Miller was recorded at Abbey Road Studios in London.


title: I Love You, Daddy

text: Woody Allen stated in his 2020 autobiography "Apropos of Nothing" that he and C.K., whom Allen directed in "Blue Jasmine" (2013), attempted to write and act together in a comedy film. Their attempts to collaborate on a script failed, but C. K. contacted Allen years later offering Allen a role in a film he had written and planned to direct. After reading the script, Allen was shocked that the character he would be playing was a famed film director who was once accused of molesting a child, and is in a romantic relationship with a much younger woman. Allen declined the role, thinking the similarities to the allegations made against him would only play "right into the hands of the yahoos." He states that C.K.'s planned film later became "I Love You, Daddy."


title: I Love You, Daddy

text: The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 9, 2017, where distribution rights were bought by company The Orchard for $5 million. It was scheduled to be released on November 17, 2017, in a limited release before opening wide on December 1.


title: I Love You, Daddy

text: On November 9, The Orchard canceled the New York premiere of the film due to "unexpected circumstances". "The Hollywood Reporter" reported that a possibly damaging upcoming "New York Times" story on C.K. was the reason for the cancellation. "The Times" published the story later in the day, accusing C.K. of sexual misconduct against five women. On November 10, 2017, a week before it was set to be theatrically released, it was pulled from the schedule. Shortly after, international distributors dropped the film and scrapped all release plans.


title: I Love You, Daddy

text: In December 2017, C.K. was reported to have purchased the film's global distribution rights back from The Orchard. Later that month, piracy group CM8 acquired one of 12,000 screener DVDs of the film and posted it to several torrent file hosting websites. Asked about C.K.'s move to purchase the rights, lead actress Chloë Grace Moretz said in an August 2018 interview with "The New York Times" that she would prefer the movie "just kind of go away, honestly", adding that "it's devastating to put time into a project and have it disappear". She elaborated the following month that she does not "think that it's a perspective or a story that needs to be told in this day and age, especially in the wake of everything that's come to light". Rose Byrne in an interview stated: "I stand with the women who came forward, I think it will be a while before that film can be seen, and I think that's right."


title: I Love You, Daddy

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 37% based on 46 reviews, with an average rating of 5.30/10. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 56 out of 100, based on reviews from 18 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


title: I Love You, Daddy

text: "The Guardian" film critic Peter Bradshaw gave the film a four-star review, calling it a "very funny and recklessly provocative homage to Woody Allen, channelling his masterpiece "Manhattan"." "Variety" critic Owen Gleiberman was less positive, writing that "the film meanders, and its second half is shapeless", although he praised the dialogue and cast.


title: Byron Scott

text: Byron Antom Scott (born March 28, 1961) is an American former professional basketball player and head coach in the National Basketball Association (NBA). As a player, Scott won three NBA championships with the Los Angeles Lakers during their Showtime era in the 1980s. He was named the NBA Coach of the Year with the New Orleans Hornets (now Pelicans) in 2008.


title: Byron Scott

text: Scott grew up in Inglewood, California, and played at Morningside High School, in the shadow of what was then the Lakers' home arena, The Forum. He played college basketball at Arizona State University for three years and had a successful career with the Sun Devils. He was Pac-10 Freshman of the Year in 1980 and First-team All-Pac-10 in 1983. He averaged 17.5 points per game in his career for the Sun Devils. He left after his junior year, entering the 1983 NBA Draft. In 2011, his No. 11 was retired by the Arizona State Sun Devils.


title: Byron Scott

text: Selected by the San Diego Clippers in the first round, with the fourth pick of the 1983 NBA draft, Scott was traded to the Los Angeles Lakers in 1983 in exchange for Norm Nixon. During his playing career, Scott suited up for the Lakers, Indiana Pacers and Vancouver Grizzlies. Scott was a key player for the Lakers during the Showtime era, being a starter alongside Magic Johnson, James Worthy, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and A. C. Green. He played for the Lakers for 10 consecutive seasons (1983–1993). During that time he was on three NBA championship teams (1985, 1987, 1988). As a rookie, Scott was a member of the 1984 all-rookie team, averaging 10.6 PPG in 22 MPG. He led the NBA in three-point field goal percentage (.433) in 1984–85. In 1987–88, Scott enjoyed his best season, leading the NBA champion Lakers in scoring, averaging a career-best 21.7 ppg, and in steals (1.91 spg). He was the Lakers' starting shooting guard from 1984 until 1993.


title: Byron Scott

text: Scott was released by the Lakers after the 1992-93 season and signed a free-agent contract with the Pacers. In Game 1 of the Pacers' first-round playoff matchup against the Orlando Magic, Scott hit the game-winning three-point shot with 2.4 seconds left. The Pacers would go on to sweep the Magic and eventually advance to the Eastern Conference Finals for the first time in franchise history.


title: Byron Scott

text: Scott was left unprotected by the Pacers in the 1995 NBA expansion draft and was selected by the Vancouver Grizzlies, where he played one season.


title: Byron Scott

text: In 1996–97, the last year of Scott's playing career in the NBA, he went back to the Lakers and proved to be a valuable mentor for a team featuring Shaquille O'Neal, Eddie Jones, Nick Van Exel and 18-year-old rookie Kobe Bryant (Scott would be Bryant's coach on the Lakers towards the end of the latter's career).


title: Byron Scott

text: In the summer of 1997, Scott signed with the Greek Basket League team Panathinaikos for the 1997–98 season. That season, he played with Panathinaikos in both the FIBA Saporta Cup (known then as the FIBA EuroCup), Europe's second-tier level competition after the top-tier EuroLeague, and the Greek Basket League. In the Saporta Cup's 1997–98 season, he averaged 13.4 points, 2.4 rebounds, 2.1 assists, and 1.1 steals, in 25.6 minutes per game, in 17 games played.


title: Byron Scott

text: Scott helped to lead his team to the Greek Basket League championship with his scoring in many crucial games. In the Greek Basket League's 1997–98 season, he averaged 17.6 points, 2.8 rebounds, 2.3 assists, and 1.3 steals per game, in 33.7 minutes per game, in 34 games played. After one season with the Greek Basket League champions, Scott retired from playing professional basketball, and began his coaching career.


title: Byron Scott

text: Scott began his NBA coaching career in 1998, when he began the first of two seasons as an assistant with the Sacramento Kings. He specialized in teaching perimeter shooting during his tenure with the Kings and helped to lead the team to an excellent three-point shooting percentage during a pair of playoff seasons.


title: Byron Scott

text: In 2000, Scott took over a struggling New Jersey Nets team. His team performed poorly in his first year, but that changed in the 2001–02 season with the arrival of Jason Kidd as the Nets raced to a franchise record of 52 wins. In the process, they won their first Atlantic Division crown and appeared in their first NBA Finals against the Los Angeles Lakers. Despite losing the championship series to LA, Scott came back to coach the team through another successful season during the 2002–03 campaign, once again taking the team to the NBA Finals, but losing once again—this time to the San Antonio Spurs. New Jersey was up by double figures in game six, but the Spurs tightened up their defense, which won the game and the championship.


title: Byron Scott

text: Scott was fired during the 2003–04 season, as New Jersey had a disappointing 22–20 record coming into the All-Star break, even though they were leading their division at the time of his dismissal. Rumors of a rift between Scott and Kidd circulated media outlets, with sources allegedly claiming that Kidd wanted Scott out of Jersey. All the parties, including then Nets GM Rod Thorn, denied the reports. Scott claimed that he was "very surprised" by the report and that he and Kidd "always got along".


title: Byron Scott

text: He was succeeded by his assistant Lawrence Frank. While coaching the Nets, Scott lived in Livingston, New Jersey.


title: Byron Scott

text: Scott became the head coach of the New Orleans Hornets in 2004. Chris Paul was drafted by the team in 2005, and was named Rookie of the Year. In the 2005–06 and 2006–07 seasons, he guided the team to a pair of sub .500 seasons. One obstacle was that the team played most of its home games in Oklahoma City due to Hurricane Katrina's devastation of New Orleans.


title: Byron Scott

text: In the 2007–08 season, Scott had his first winning season as the Hornets head coach. They had a winning percentage of .683 with a record of 56–26. They became Southwest Division champions and finished 2nd overall in the Western Conference. Scott was named the head coach of the 2008 Western Conference All-Star team, and a few months after, he was awarded the 2007–08 NBA Coach of the Year Award. Due to his success, the Hornets awarded Scott with a two-year extension.


title: Byron Scott

text: The Hornets had a 30–11 home record and a 26–15 road record and clinched the second seed in the Western Conference Playoffs. The Hornets won their first-round series against the Dallas Mavericks, posting a 4–1 record for the series. They would go on to face the defending champion San Antonio Spurs in the conference semifinals. An unusual trend of home court blowouts would mark the series until the deciding game 7 when the veteran Spurs would pull out a 91–82 win on the Hornets rowdy home court. The win marked the 100th playoff victory for Spurs coach Gregg Popovich.


title: Byron Scott

text: In the 2008–09 season, the Hornets finished 49–33 and entered the playoffs as a seventh seed. They faced the Denver Nuggets in the first round, losing after five brutal games, including a 58-point loss in game 4, which tied the worst margin of defeat in NBA postseason history. Scott was relieved from his head coaching duties for the Hornets on November 12, 2009, following a 3–6 start. He was mentioned as a candidate for several NBA coaching jobs, including the Chicago Bulls.


title: Byron Scott

text: On July 1, 2010, Scott was named head coach of the Cleveland Cavaliers, a few days before the team lost star LeBron James to the Miami Heat. During Scott's first season at the helm of the Cavaliers, he watched his team endure a 26-game losing streak, which was then the longest such streak in NBA history. Scott was reunited with Baron Davis (whom he coached with the Hornets) when a mid-season trade brought Davis to Cleveland, and helped the Cavaliers close the season with several victories, including a 102–90 upset victory over LeBron James and the Miami Heat, which ensured that Cleveland did not have the worst record in the league at the season's end.


title: Byron Scott

text: Cleveland used their first overall pick to draft Kyrie Irving, who became the second point guard Scott coached to the Rookie of the Year award. His second season in Cleveland saw them show some improvement in a shortened 66-game schedule.


title: Byron Scott

text: On April 18, 2013, Scott was fired by Cleveland Cavaliers management. Though the Cavaliers ranked in the bottom five of the league in defensive efficiency in each of his three seasons, analysts were surprised at the firing given the team's young and oft-injured rosters. Irving and other Cavaliers players expressed their disappointment with the firing.


title: Byron Scott

text: Scott spent the 2013–14 season as a Lakers television analyst on Time Warner Cable SportsNet. After the season, he was the frontrunner to become the new Lakers head coach. Scott interviewed three times for the position, which had become vacant after Mike D'Antoni's resignation. On July 28, 2014, he signed a multi-year contract to coach the Lakers.


title: Byron Scott

text: With the team rebuilding in 2014–15, Scott finished his first season as coach of the Lakers with a 21–61 record. In the 2015 NBA draft, the Lakers selected Ohio State point guard D'Angelo Russell with the second overall pick. The Lakers finished a franchise-worst 17–65 in 2015–16, Kobe Bryant's final season before retiring. On April 24, 2016, the Lakers did not exercise their option on Scott's contract for the following season, deciding to pursue a new coach. His 38–126 (.232) record with the team was the worst of any of the 16 coaches who had led the franchise for at least two seasons.


title: Byron Scott

text: Scott's non-profit organization, The Byron Scott Children's Fund, has raised more than $15 million over the past decade, with the proceeds going to various children's charities. Scott has recently served as a studio analyst for ABC's NBA telecasts and was featured on ESPN.


title: Byron Scott

text: Scott and his ex-wife, Anita, have six children. In June 2013, Scott and Anita separated and in March 2014, he filed for divorce after 29 years of marriage due to irreconcilable differences.


title: Byron Scott

text: On July 11, 2020, Scott married Cece Gutierrez, a registered nurse and cast member of VH1's reality show "Basketball Wives". He converted to Catholicism in late 2020 following their marriage.


title: Byron Scott

text: Scott went back to school at Arizona State 37 years after leaving school early when he was drafted by the Lakers, and obtained a bachelor's degree in liberal arts, fulfilling a promise he'd made to his late mother.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: The Battle of Trenton was a small but pivotal American Revolutionary War battle on the morning of December 26, 1776, in Trenton, New Jersey. After General George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River north of Trenton the previous night, Washington led the main body of the Continental Army against Hessian auxiliaries garrisoned at Trenton. After a brief battle, almost two-thirds of the Hessian force were captured, with negligible losses to the Americans. The battle significantly boosted the Continental Army's waning morale, and inspired re-enlistments.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: The Continental Army had previously suffered several defeats in New York and had been forced to retreat through New Jersey to Pennsylvania. Morale in the army was low; to end the year on a positive note, George Washington—Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army—devised a plan to cross the Delaware River on the night of December 25–26 and surround the Hessians' garrison.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: Because the river was icy and the weather severe, the crossing proved dangerous. Two detachments were unable to cross the river, leaving Washington with only 2,400 men under his command in the assault, 3,000 fewer than planned. The army marched south to Trenton. The Hessians had lowered their guard, thinking they were safe from the Americans' army, and had no long-distance outposts or patrols. Washington's forces caught them off guard, and after a short but fierce resistance, most of the Hessians surrendered and were captured, with just over a third escaping across Assunpink Creek.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: Despite the battle's small numbers, the victory inspired patriots and sympathizers of the newly formed United States. With the success of the ongoing revolution in doubt a week earlier, the army had seemed on the verge of collapse. The dramatic victory inspired soldiers to serve longer and attracted new recruits to the ranks.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: In early December 1776, American morale was very low. The Americans had been ousted from New York by the British and their Hessian auxiliaries, and the Continental Army was forced to retreat across New Jersey. Ninety percent of the Continental Army soldiers who had served at Long Island were gone. Men had deserted, feeling that the cause for independence was lost. Washington, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, expressed some doubts, writing to his cousin in Virginia, "I think the game is pretty near up."


title: Battle of Trenton

text: At the time a small town in New Jersey, Trenton was occupied by four regiments of Hessian soldiers (numbering about 1,400 men) commanded by Colonel Johann Rall. Washington's force comprised 2,400 men, with infantry divisions commanded by Major Generals Nathanael Greene and John Sullivan, and artillery under the direction of Brigadier General Henry Knox.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: George Washington had stationed a spy named John Honeyman, posing as a Tory, in Trenton. Honeyman had served with Major General James Wolfe in Quebec at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham on September 13, 1759, and had no trouble establishing his credentials as a Tory. Honeyman was a butcher and bartender, who traded with the British and Hessians. This enabled him to gather intelligence and to convince the Hessians that the Continental Army was in such a low state of morale that they would not attack Trenton. Shortly before Christmas, he arranged to be captured by the Continental Army, who had orders to bring him to Washington unharmed. After being questioned by Washington, he was imprisoned in a hut to be tried as a Tory in the morning, but a small fire broke out nearby, enabling him to "escape". On the evening before the battle, Hessian commander Rall, was celebrating Christmas with his troops at the farm of Abraham Hunt, a wealthy merchant and farmer of Trenton. Hunt played the role of a friendly Loyalist host, giving Rall a false sense of serenity while Washington and his troops were preparing for a surprise attack.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: The U.S. plan relied on launching coordinated attacks from three directions. General John Cadwalader would launch a diversionary attack against the British garrison at Bordentown, New Jersey, to block off reinforcements from the south. General James Ewing would take 700 militia across the river at Trenton Ferry, seize the bridge over the Assunpink Creek and prevent enemy troops from escaping. The main assault force of 2,400 men would cross the river north of Trenton and split into two groups, one under Greene and one under Sullivan, to launch a pre-dawn attack. Sullivan would attack the town from the south, and Greene from the north. Depending on the success of the operation, the Americans would possibly follow up with separate attacks on Princeton and New Brunswick.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: During the week before the battle, U.S. advance parties began to ambush enemy cavalry patrols, capturing dispatch riders and attacking Hessian pickets. The Hessian commander, to emphasize the danger his men were facing, sent 100 infantry and an artillery detachment to deliver a letter to the British commander at Princeton. Washington ordered Ewing and his Pennsylvania militia to try to gain information on Hessian movements and technology. Ewing instead made three successful raids across the river. On December 17 and 18, 1776, they attacked an outpost of "jägers" and on the 21st, they set fire to several houses. Washington put constant watches on all possible crossings near the Continental Army encampment on the Delaware, as he believed William Howe would launch an attack from the north on Philadelphia if the river froze over.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: On December 20, 1776, some 2,000 troops led by General Sullivan arrived in Washington's camp. They had been under the command of Charles Lee and had been moving slowly through northern New Jersey when Lee was captured. That same day, an additional 800 troops arrived from Fort Ticonderoga under the command of Horatio Gates.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: On December 14, 1776, the Hessians arrived in Trenton to establish their winter quarters. At the time, Trenton was a small town with about 100 houses and two main streets, King (now Warren) Street and Queen (now Broad) Street. Carl von Donop, Rall's superior, had marched south to Mount Holly on December 22 to deal with the resistance in New Jersey, and had clashed with some New Jersey militia there on December 23.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: Donop, who despised Rall, was reluctant to give command of Trenton to him. Rall was known to be loud and unacquainted with the English language, but he was also a 36-year veteran with a great deal of battle experience. His request for reinforcements had been turned down by British commander General James Grant, who disdained the American rebels and thought them poor soldiers. Despite Rall's experience, the Hessians at Trenton did not admire their commander.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: Trenton lacked city walls or fortifications, which was typical of U.S. settlements. Some Hessian officers advised Rall to fortify the town, and two of his engineers advised that a redoubt be constructed at the upper end of town and fortifications be built along the river. The engineers went so far as to draw up plans, but Rall disagreed with them. When Rall was again urged to fortify the town, he replied, "Let them come ... We will go at them with the bayonet."


title: Battle of Trenton

text: As Christmas approached, Loyalists came to Trenton to report the Americans were planning action. U.S. deserters told the Hessians that rations were being prepared for an advance across the river. Rall publicly dismissed such talk as nonsense, but privately in letters to his superiors, he said he was worried about an imminent attack. He wrote to Donop that he was "liable to be attacked at any moment". Rall said that Trenton was "indefensible" and asked that British troops establish a garrison in Maidenhead (now Lawrenceville). Close to Trenton, this would help defend the roads from Americans. His request was denied. As the Americans disrupted Hessian supply lines, the officers started to share Rall's fears. One wrote, "We have not slept one night in peace since we came to this place." On December 22, 1776, a spy reported to Grant that Washington had called a council of war; Grant told Rall to "be on your guard".


title: Battle of Trenton

text: The main Hessian force of 1,500 men was divided into three regiments: Knyphausen, Lossberg and Rall. That night, they did not send out any patrols because of the severe weather.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: Before Washington and his troops left, Benjamin Rush came to cheer up the general. While he was there, he saw a note Washington had written, saying, "Victory or Death". Those words would be the password for the surprise attack. Each soldier carried 60 rounds of ammunition, and three days of rations. When the army arrived at the shores of the Delaware, they were already behind schedule, and clouds began to form above them. It began to rain. As the air's temperature dropped, the rain changed to sleet, and then to snow. The Americans began to cross the river, with John Glover in command. The men went across in Durham boats, while the horses and artillery went across on large ferries. The 14th Continental Regiment of Glover manned the boats. During the crossing, several men fell overboard, including Colonel John Haslet. Haslet was quickly pulled out of the water. No one died during the crossing, and all the artillery pieces made it over in good condition.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: Two small detachments of infantry of about 40 men each were ordered ahead of main columns. They set roadblocks ahead of the main army and were to take prisoner whoever came into or left the town. One of the groups was sent north of Trenton, and the other was sent to block River Road, which ran along the Delaware River to Trenton.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: The terrible weather conditions delayed the landings in New Jersey until 3:00 am; the plan was that they were supposed to be completed by 12:00 am. Washington realized it would be impossible to launch a pre-dawn attack. Another setback occurred for the Americans, as generals Cadwalader and Ewing were unable to join the attack because of the weather conditions.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: At 4:00 am, the soldiers began to march towards Trenton. Along the way, several civilians joined as volunteers and led as guides (such as John Mott) because of their knowledge of the terrain. After marching through winding roads into the wind, they reached Bear Tavern, where they turned south onto Bear Tavern Road . The ground was slippery, but it was level, making it easier for the horses and artillery. They began to make better time. They soon reached Jacobs Creek, where, with difficulty, the Americans made it across. The two groups stayed together until they reached Birmingham (now West Trenton), where they split apart, with Greene’s force heading east to approach Trenton by the Scotch and Pennington roads and Sullivan’s heading southwest to approach via River Road. Soon after, they reached the house of Benjamin Moore, where the family offered food and drink to Washington. At this point, the first signs of daylight began to appear. Many of the troops did not have boots, so they were forced to wear rags around their feet. Some of the men's feet bled, turning the snow to a dark red. Two men died on the march.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: As they marched, Washington rode up and down the line, encouraging the men to continue. General Sullivan sent a courier to tell Washington that the weather was wetting his men's gunpowder. Washington replied, "Tell General Sullivan to use the bayonet. I am resolved to take Trenton."


title: Battle of Trenton

text: About outside the town, the main columns reunited with the advance parties. They were startled by the sudden appearance of 50 armed men, but they were American. Led by Adam Stephen, they had not known about the plan to attack Trenton and had attacked a Hessian outpost. Washington feared the Hessians would have been put on guard, and shouted at Stephen, "You sir! You Sir, may have ruined all my plans by having them put on their guard." Despite this, Washington ordered the advance continue to Trenton. In the event, Rall thought the first raid was the attack which Grant had warned him about, and that there would be no further action that day.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: At 8 am, the outpost was set up by the Hessians at a cooper shop on Pennington Road about one mile northwest of Trenton. Washington led the assault, riding in front of his soldiers. As the Hessian commander of the outpost, Lieutenant Andreas Wiederholdt, left the shop, an American fired at him but missed. Wiederholdt immediately shouted, ""Der Feind!"" (The Enemy!) and other Hessians came out. The Americans fired three volleys, and the Hessians returned one of their own. Washington ordered Edward Hand's Pennsylvania Riflemen and a battalion of German-speaking infantry to block the road that led to Princeton. They attacked the Hessian outpost there. Wiederholdt soon realized that this was more than a raiding party; seeing other Hessians retreating from the outpost, he led his men to do the same. Both Hessian detachments made organized retreats, firing as they fell back. On the high ground at the north end of Trenton, they were joined by a duty company from the Lossberg Regiment. They engaged the Americans, retreating slowly, keeping up continuous fire and using houses for cover. Once in Trenton, they gained covering fire from other Hessian guard companies on the outskirts of the town. Another guard company nearer to the Delaware River rushed east to their aid, leaving open the River Road into Trenton. Washington ordered the escape route to Princeton be cut off, sending infantry in battle formation to block it, while artillery formed at the head of King and Queen streets.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: Leading the southern U.S. column, General Sullivan entered Trenton by the abandoned River Road and blocked the only crossing over the Assunpink Creek to cut off the Hessian escape. Sullivan briefly held up his advance to make sure Greene's division had time to drive the Hessians from their outposts in the north. Soon after, they continued their advance, attacking the Hermitage, home of Philemon Dickinson, where 50 jägers under the command of Lieutenant von Grothausen were stationed. Lieutenant von Grothausen brought 12 of his jägers into action against the advanced guard but had only advanced a few hundred yards when he saw a column of Americans advancing to the Hermitage. Pulling back to the Hessian barracks, he was joined by the rest of the jägers. After the exchange of one volley, they turned and ran, some trying to swim across the creek, while others escaped over the bridge, which had not yet been cut off. The 20 British dragoons also fled. As Greene and Sullivan's columns pushed into the town, Washington moved to high ground north of King and Queens streets to see the action and direct his troops. By this time, U.S. artillery from the other side of the Delaware River had come into action, devastating the Hessian positions.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: With the sounding of the alarm, the three Hessian regiments began to prepare for battle. The Rall regiment formed on lower King Street along with the Lossberg regiment, while the Knyphausen regiment formed at the lower end of Queen Street. Lieutenant Piel, Rall's brigade adjutant, woke his commander, who found that the rebels had taken the "V" of the main streets of the town. This is where the engineers had recommended building a redoubt. Rall ordered his regiment to form up at the lower end of King Street, the Lossberg regiment to prepare for an advance up Queen Street, and the Knyphausen regiment to stand by as a reserve for Rall's advance up King Street.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: The U.S. cannon stationed at the head of the two main streets soon came into action. In reply, Rall directed his regiment, supported by a few companies of the Lossberg regiment, to clear the guns. The Hessians formed ranks and began to advance up the street, but their formations were quickly broken by the U.S. guns and fire from Mercer's men who had taken houses on the left side of the street. Breaking ranks, the Hessians fled. Rall ordered two three-pound cannons into action. After getting off six rounds each, within just a few minutes, half of the Hessians manning their guns were killed by the U.S. cannon. After the men fled to cover behind houses and fences, their cannons were taken by the Americans. Following capture of the cannons, men under the command of George Weedon advanced down King Street.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: On Queen Street, all Hessian attempts to advance up the street were repulsed by guns under the command of Thomas Forrest. After firing four rounds each, two more Hessian guns were silenced. One of Forrest's howitzers was put out of action with a broken axle. The Knyphausen regiment became separated from the Lossberg and the Rall regiments. The Lossberg and the Rall regiments fell back to a field outside of town, taking heavy losses from grapeshot and musket fire. In the southern part of the town, Americans under command of Sullivan began to overwhelm the Hessians. John Stark led a bayonet charge at the Knyphausen regiment, whose resistance broke because their weapons would not fire. Sullivan led a column of men to block off escape of troops across the creek.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: The Hessians in the field attempted to reorganize and make one last attempt to retake the town so they could make a breakout. Rall decided to attack the U.S. flank on the heights north of the town. Rall yelled "Forward! Advance! Advance!", and the Hessians began to move, with the brigade's band playing fifes, bugles and drums to help the Hessians' spirit.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: Washington, still on high ground, saw the Hessians approaching the U.S. flank. He moved his troops to assume battle formation against the enemy. The two Hessian regiments began marching toward King Street but were caught in U.S. fire that came at them from three directions. Some Americans had taken up defensive positions inside houses, reducing their exposure. Some civilians joined the fight against the Hessians. Despite this, they continued to push, recapturing their cannons. At the head of King Street, Knox saw the Hessians had retaken the cannons and ordered his troops to take them. Six men ran and, after a brief struggle, seized the cannons, turning them on the Hessians. With most of the Hessians unable to fire their guns, the attack stalled. The Hessians' formations broke, and they began to scatter. Rall was mortally wounded. Washington led his troops down from high ground while yelling, "March on, my brave fellows, after me!" Most of the Hessians retreated into an orchard, with the Americans in close pursuit. Quickly surrounded, the Hessians were offered terms of surrender, to which they agreed.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: Although ordered to join Rall, the remains of the Knyphausen regiment mistakenly marched in the opposite direction. They tried to escape across the bridge but found it had been taken. The Americans quickly swept in, defeating a Hessian attempt to break through their lines. Surrounded by Sullivan's men, the regiment surrendered, just minutes after the rest of the brigade.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: The Hessian forces lost 22 killed in action, including their commander Colonel Johann Rall, 83 wounded, and 896 capturedincluding the wounded. The Americans suffered only two deaths during the march and five wounded from battle, including a near-fatal shoulder wound to future president James Monroe. Other losses incurred by the patriots from exhaustion, exposure, and illness in the following days may have raised their fatalities above those of the Hessians.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: The captured Hessians were sent to Philadelphia and later Lancaster. In 1777 they were moved to Virginia. Rall was mortally wounded and died later that night at his headquarters. All four Hessian colonels in Trenton were killed in the battle. The Lossberg regiment was effectively removed from the British forces. Parts of the Knyphausen regiment escaped to the south, but Sullivan captured some 200 additional men, along with the regiment's cannon and supplies. They also captured approximately 1,000 arms and much-needed ammunition. The Americans also captured their entire store of provisions—tons of flour, dried and salted meats, ale and other liquors, as well as shoes, boots, clothing and bedding—things that were as much needed by the ragtag Continental forces, such as weapons and horses.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: Among those captured by the Patriots was Christian Strenge, later to become a schoolmaster and fraktur artist in Pennsylvania.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: An officer in Washington's staff wrote before the battle, "They make a great deal of Christmas in Germany, and no doubt the Hessians will drink a great deal of beer and have a dance to-night. They will be sleepy tomorrow morning." Popular history commonly portrays the Hessians as drunk from Christmas celebrations. However, historian David Hackett Fischer quotes Patriot John Greenwood, who fought in the battle and supervised Hessians afterward, who wrote, "I am certain not a drop of liquor was drunk during the whole night, nor, as I could see, even a piece of bread eaten." Military historian Edward G. Lengel wrote, "The Germans were dazed and tired but there is no truth to the legend claiming that they were helplessly drunk."


title: Battle of Trenton

text: After the Hessians' surrender, Washington is reported to have shaken the hand of a young officer and said, "This is a glorious day for our country." On December 28, General Washington interviewed Lieutenant (later Colonel) Andreas Wiederhold, who detailed the failures of Rall's preparation. Washington soon learned, however, that Cadwalader and Ewing had been unable to complete their crossing, leaving his worn-out army of 2,400 men isolated. Without their 2,600 men, Washington realized he did not have the forces to attack Princeton and New Brunswick.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: By noon, Washington's force had moved across the Delaware back into Pennsylvania, taking their prisoners and captured supplies with them. Washington would follow up his success a week later in the Battle of the Assunpink Creek and the Battle of Princeton solidifying Patriot gains.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: This small but decisive battle, as with the later Battle of Cowpens, had an effect disproportionate to its size. The Patriot victory gave the Continental Congress new confidence, as it proved colonial forces could defeat them in the future. It also increased re-enlistments in the Continental Army forces. By defeating a European army, the colonials reduced the fear that the Hessians had caused earlier that year after the fighting in New York. Howe was stunned that the Patriots so easily surprised and overwhelmed the Hessian garrison. Colonial support for the rebellion was further buoyed significantly at this time by writings of Thomas Paine and additional successful actions by the New Jersey Militia.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: Two notable U.S. officers were wounded while leading the charge down King Street: William Washington, cousin of General Washington, and Lieutenant James Monroe, the future President of the United States. Monroe was carried from the field bleeding badly after he was struck in the left shoulder by a musket ball, which severed an artery. Doctor John Riker clamped the artery, preventing him from bleeding to death.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: The Trenton Battle Monument, erected at "Five Points" in Trenton, stands as a tribute to this U.S. victory. The crossing of the Delaware River and battle are reenacted by local enthusiasts every year (unless the weather is too severe on the river).


title: Battle of Trenton

text: Eight current Army National Guard units (101st Eng Bn, 103rd Eng Bn, A/1-104th Cav, 111th Inf, 125th QM Co, 175th Inf, 181st Inf and 198th Sig Bn) and one currently-active Regular Army Artillery battalion (1–5th FA) are derived from U.S. units that participated in the Battle of Trenton. There are thirty current units of the U.S. Army with colonial roots.


title: Battle of Trenton

text: In 1851, German-American artist Emanuel Leutze painted the second of three paintings depicting Washington crossing the Delaware. It is in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and is "one of the most famous American paintings." At the time of its first exhibition it caused a sensation, in Europe and the United States. Leutze hoped it would stir revolutionary sentiments in Germany. After six months in Germany it was shipped to New York City where the New-York Mirror newspaper lauded it with the words, "the grandest, most majestic, and most effective painting ever exhibited in America." The painting is the center-piece of the collections in the American Wing. It is still one of the most recognizable paintings at the Metropolitan. It is central to the canon of American historical art images, its monumental popularity undimmed in the years since it was first exhibited.


title: The Transporter Refueled

text: The Transporter Refueled (French: Le Transporteur: Héritage) is a 2015 action thriller film directed by Camille Delamarre and written by Bill Collage, Adam Cooper, and Luc Besson. It is the fourth film in the "Transporter" franchise, a reboot of the series, and the first film to be distributed by EuropaCorp in North America, but features a new cast, with Ed Skrein replacing Jason Statham as the title role of Frank Martin. It was also the only installment of the franchise that did not feature François Berléand.


title: The Transporter Refueled

text: Filming began on 1 August 2014, in Paris, France. The film was released on 4 September 2015 in the United States and 9 September in France. Upon its release, "The Transporter Refueled" received generally negative reviews from film critics and audiences, who claimed the film's script as lame and absurd, but praised the action sequences, stunts, effects and acting. Despite a negative critical reception, the film was a box office success, grossing $72 million worldwide against production budget of $22 million. Although initially planned as the first installment in a new trilogy, efforts to produce sequels remained unmaterialized.


title: The Transporter Refueled

text: Former special-operations mercenary Frank Martin is living a less perilous lifestyle than he had previously, transporting classified packages for questionable people. Then he takes the contract from Anna following his three rules of no names, no questions and no renegotiations. According to the contract, he should be near the bank for her and her two packages. However, he finds himself thrust into danger again when Anna and her accomplices Gina, Maria, and Qiao orchestrate a bank robbery and kidnap Martin's father to confront and kill Arkady Karasov, a Russian mobster who had victimized Anna years earlier. Anna's whole team rob Arkady's friends and frame him for it.


title: The Transporter Refueled

text: At the 2013 Cannes Film Festival, a new trilogy was announced with EuropaCorp and China's Fundamental Films co-producing and distributing the titles. The films will likely be budgeted between €25 million and €30 million each and at least one will be shot in China. Luc Besson will co-finance, distribute, produce and write all the films. The franchise was rebooted after negotiations with Jason Statham fell through.


title: The Transporter Refueled

text: EuropaCorp wanted Statham to sign a three contract deal, without revealing the script first. English actor Ed Skrein replaced Statham as Frank Martin in the fourth installment of the series. In March 2015, the title was changed from "The Transporter Legacy" to "The Transporter Refueled".


title: The Transporter Refueled

text: The film was previously set to be released on 6 March 2015. On 5 November 2014, EuropaCorp moved the film for a 19 June 2015 release. On 1 April 2015, EuropaCorp again moved the film back to a 4 September 2015.


title: The Transporter Refueled

text: In its opening weekend in North America, the film grossed $7.4 million, finishing 4th at the box office. It was also 4th on its opening weekend in China, grossing .


title: The Transporter Refueled

text: "The Transporter Refueled" has received negative reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 16%, based on 94 reviews, with an average rating of 3.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, ""The Transporter Refueled" has little to offer beyond a handful of decent action sequences, leaving this reboot's title feeling more like wishful thinking than a restatement of purpose." On Metacritic the film has a score of 32 out of 100, based on 24 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". On CinemaScore, audiences gave the film an average grade of "B−" on an A+ to F scale.


title: The Transporter Refueled

text: IGN awarded it a score of 7.0 out of 10, saying, "The shadow of Jason Statham loomed large over this reboot, but Ed Skrein nails it, meaning the franchise is in safe hands."


title: Lex Barker

text: Alexander Crichlow Barker Jr. (May 8, 1919 – May 11, 1973), known as Lex Barker, was an American actor. He was known for playing Tarzan for RKO Pictures between 1949 and 1953, and portraying leading characters from Karl May's novels, notably as Old Shatterhand in a film series by the West German studio Constantin Film. At the height of his fame, he was one of the most popular actors in German-speaking cinema, and received Bambi Award and Bravo Otto nominations for the honor.


title: Lex Barker

text: Barker was born in Rye, New York, the second child of Alexander Crichlow Barker Sr., a wealthy Canadian-born building contractor and stockbroker, and his American wife, the former Marion Thornton Beals. He had an elder sister, Frederica Amelia "Freddie" Barlow (1917–1980).


title: Lex Barker

text: Raised in New York City and Port Chester, New York, he attended the Fessenden School and graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy. He played American football and the oboe. He attended Princeton University, but dropped out to join a theatrical stock company, much to his family's chagrin.


title: Lex Barker

text: Barker made it to Broadway once, in a small role in a short run of Shakespeare's "The Merry Wives of Windsor" in 1938. He also had a small role in Orson Welles's disastrous "Five Kings", which met with so many problems in Boston and Philadelphia that it never made it into New York City.


title: Lex Barker

text: In February 1941, 10 months before the attack on Pearl Harbor, Barker left his fledgling acting career and enlisted in the United States Army. He rose to the rank of major during the war. He was wounded in action (in the head and leg) fighting in Sicily. He was awarded the Purple Heart twice.


title: Lex Barker

text: Back in the US, he recuperated at a military hospital in Arkansas, then upon his discharge from service, traveled to Los Angeles. Within a short time, he landed a small role in "Doll Face" (1945), his first film.


title: Lex Barker

text: A string of small roles followed, in films such as "Two Guys from Milwaukee" (1945) and "Cloak and Dagger" (1946).


title: Lex Barker

text: Barker signed a contract at RKO. He had small roles in "The Farmer's Daughter" (1947), "Crossfire" (1947), and "Under the Tonto Rim" (1947).


title: Lex Barker

text: Barker went to Paramount for "Unconquered" (1947). Back at RKO he was in "Dick Tracy Meets Gruesome" (1947), "Berlin Express" (1948), "Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House" (1948), "The Velvet Touch" (1948), and "Return of the Bad Men" (1948), playing Emmett Dalton.


title: Lex Barker

text: In "Tarzan's Magic Fountain" (1949), Barker became the tenth official Tarzan of the movies. His blond, handsome, and intelligent appearance, as well as his athletic 6'4" frame, helped make him popular in the role Johnny Weissmuller had made his own for 16 years. His Jane was Brenda Joyce who had been in Weissmuller's last three films.


title: Lex Barker

text: Barker's second Tarzan was "Tarzan and the Slave Girl" (1950), where Jane was played by Vanessa Brown. In "Tarzan's Peril" (1951), Barker's Jane was Virginia Huston, with African location footage. Dorothy Hart was Jane in "Tarzan's Savage Fury" (1952), directed by Cy Endfield.


title: Lex Barker

text: Barker got the chance to play a non-Tarzan role in "Battles of Chief Pontiac" (1952), a Western. He returned to the role one last time in "Tarzan and the She-Devil" (1953).


title: Lex Barker

text: At Universal he starred in the Western "The Yellow Mountain" (1954) and "The Man from Bitter Ridge" (1955). He went to Columbia to make "Duel on the Mississippi" (1955).


title: Lex Barker

text: Barker had a rare non-Western role in "The Price of Fear" (1956), a film noir with Merle Oberon. He was in the war movie "Away All Boats" (1956) and the thriller "The Girl in the Kremlin" (1957).


title: Lex Barker

text: Barker made two films for Howard W. Koch: "War Drums" (1957) and "Jungle Heat" (1957). He went to 20th Century Fox for "The Deerslayer" (1957), then did "The Girl in Black Stockings" (1957).


title: Lex Barker

text: In 1957, as he found it harder to find work in American films, Barker moved to Europe (he spoke French, Italian, Spanish, and some German), where he found popularity and starred in over 40 European films, including two movies based on the novels by Italian author Emilio Salgari (1862–1911).


title: Lex Barker

text: He started his European career with a British thriller "The Strange Awakening" (1958). He went to Italy to star in "Captain Falcon" (1959), "Son of the Red Corsair" (1959), "The Pirate and the Slave Girl" (1959), and "Terror of the Red Mask" (1960).


title: Lex Barker

text: Barker had a short but compelling role as Anita Ekberg's fiancé in Federico Fellini's "La Dolce Vita" (1960).


title: Lex Barker

text: He went back to swashbucklers: "Knight of 100 Faces" (1960), "Pirates of the Coast" (1960), "Robin Hood and the Pirates" (1960), and "The Secret of the Black Falcon" (1961).


title: Lex Barker

text: In Germany, he had his greatest success. There he starred in movies based on the "Doctor Mabuse" stories (formerly filmed by Fritz Lang), in the movies "The Return of Doctor Mabuse" (1961). He was in "Doctor Sibelius" (1962).


title: Lex Barker

text: Barker then played Old Shatterhand in an adaptation of the novel by German author Karl May (1842–1912), "Treasure of the Silver Lake" (1962). It was a huge hit, and 11 movies adapting stories by Karl May followed until 1968. Barker did the comedy "Breakfast in Bed" (1962), then the adventure movie "Storm Over Ceylon" (1963). He returned to Italy for "The Executioner of Venice" (1963) and "" (1963).


title: Lex Barker

text: Barker reprised his role as Old Shatterhand in "Apache Gold" (1964), "Old Shatterhand" (1964) and "Last of the Renegades" (1965). He went to South Africa for Harry Alan Towers' German-British international co-production "Victim Five" (1964), then returned to Germany for other adaptations of May books: "The Treasure of the Aztecs" (1965), "The Pyramid of the Sun God" (1965) . "24 Hours to Kill" (1965) was a British movie. "The Hell of Manitoba" (1965) and "The Desperado Trail" (1966) were Westerns.


title: Lex Barker

text: Though Barker did speak German, he was almost always dubbed in his West German films. His go-to dubber was Gert Günther Hoffmann, whose distinctive voice contributed to Barker's success.


title: Lex Barker

text: In 1966, Barker was awarded the "Bambi Award" as Best Foreign Actor in Germany, where he was a very popular star. He even recorded two songs in German: "Ich bin morgen auf dem Weg zu dir" ("I'll be on the way to you tomorrow", composed by Martin Böttcher, the composer of some of the soundtracks of the Karl May movies) and "Mädchen in Samt und Seide" ("Girl in Silk and Velvet", composed by Werner Scharfenberger).


title: Lex Barker

text: Later films included "Killer's Carnival" (1966), and "Winnetou and the Crossbreed" (1967). In the same year, he starred in a Eurospy film "Spy Today, Die Tomorrow", a horror film "The Blood Demon", and appeared in the anthology film "Woman Times Seven" (1967).


title: Lex Barker

text: He returned to the United States occasionally and made a handful of guest appearances on American television episodes, but Europe, and especially Germany, was his professional home for the remainder of his life.


title: Lex Barker

text: Barker died on May 11, 1973, of a heart attack, three days after his 54th birthday, while walking down Lexington Avenue on New York City's Upper East Side, to meet his fiancée, actress Karen Kondazian. The funeral was held in New York. He was cremated and the ashes were taken by his estranged wife Tita to Spain.


title: Mileena

text: Mileena is a fictional character in the "Mortal Kombat" fighting game franchise by Midway Games and NetherRealm Studios. Introduced in "Mortal Kombat II" (1993), she is a clone of the Edenian princess Kitana, created with the blood of the fictional Tarkatan species. Her creation results in her developing the deformed facial features of the Tarkatan, which she conceals with a veil. A power-hungry, unstable villain throughout most of the series, Mileena uses a pair of sai as her primary weapons. She is also the love interest of the Tarkatan warrior Baraka or Edenian traitor Tanya.


title: Mileena

text: Despite some criticism for her revealing character designs, Mileena has received a positive reception for her unique appearance and personality. She has been featured in various media outside of the games and is one of the franchise's most popular characters.


title: Mileena

text: After the ruler of the other-dimensional realm Outworld, Shao Kahn, conquered the realm of Edenia and merged it with his own, he decided he would keep the former king's daughter Kitana alive and raise her as his own. Though she grew up knowing nothing of her origin, the emperor nonetheless feared that one day Kitana would discover her true parentage and turn against him, so he ordered the sorcerer Shang Tsung to create a more vicious and loyal version of Kitana who can take her place if necessary using the essence of a Tarkatan warrior. However, the process was not a complete success, as the hybrid clone has a Tarkatan's hideous mouth. Instead of replacing Kitana, Mileena instead would be used to spy on her and ensure her allegiance to Shao Kahn. To facilitate this, he introduced Mileena to Kitana as her supposedly lost twin sister. While the two grew up together as his daughters and elite personal assassins, Mileena grew to harbor a great bitterness and jealousy towards Kitana, whom the Kahn favored over her.


title: Mileena

text: As the Kahn feared, Kitana discovers the truth about her past and Mileena is ordered to keep close watch over her rival when Kitana secretly allies with Earthrealm warriors during the events of "Mortal Kombat II" (1993). While Mileena is determined to stop her twin at any cost, she is murdered by Kitana, her soul descending into the Netherrealm. In the 2005 beat'em up, "", a retelling of "Mortal Kombat II", Mileena fights Liu Kang and Kung Lao alongside Jade and Kitana, but is defeated by the two Shaolin warriors and flees to the Wasteland to seek help from Goro.


title: Mileena

text: Damned to the Netherealm after her death, Mileena swears fealty to its ruler Shinnok. During the events of "Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3" (1995), Shao Kahn decides to resurrect Mileena to help him defeat Earthrealm's chosen warriors, magically granting her the ability to read Kitana's thoughts. Shinnok sees this as an opportunity to covertly monitor the events unfolding in Earthrealm and allows her to return to life. After Shao Kahn is defeated, Mileena is summoned back to the Netherealm. In "Mortal Kombat Gold" (1999), she assists in Shinnok's invasion of Edenia, but allows her sister to escape from a dungeon. Following Shinnok's defeat, Mileena comes to Kitana's palace and demands the power over Edenia be shared with her. Kitana refuses before defeating and imprisoning Mileena.


title: Mileena

text: Mileena remains imprisoned for years until Onaga the Dragon King launches his own invasion of Edenia, during which she is freed by her ally Baraka. During the events of "" (2004), Mileena is ordered by Onaga to pose as Kitana in order to confuse and misdirect his enemies. However, as Mileena begins the game's titular deception, she develops a hidden agenda and decides to take control of Edenia's forces and Onaga's undead army for herself. In the game's Konquest Mode, Mileena also trains the young Shujinko in Outworld and fights against Jade.


title: Mileena

text: In "" (2006), Mileena seizes Shao Kahn's fortress while maintaining her Kitana guise and decides to continue her charade until the Edenian forces are corrupted enough to follow her under her true identity. Though at first confident that Outworld is hers to rule, Mileena is forced to reveal herself and surrender to the returning Shao Kahn when he mounts an offensive against the fortress to re-instate himself as ruler. The emperor then commands Mileena to capture Shujinko, who would be used as a bargaining chip in gaining Onaga as an ally. Mileena succeeds and takes Shujinko to Shao Kahn's palace. Having tasted power for herself however, she is no longer content with being his minion and still plans to get the Edenian throne back for herself. She is later killed by Shang Tsung during the battle for Blaze's power.


title: Mileena

text: Mileena returns in "Mortal Kombat" (2011), an alternative-timeline retelling of the original "Mortal Kombat" trilogy. In this game, Mileena was created by Shang Tsung in the "Flesh Pit" and introduced during the second tournament instead of many years earlier. Meant to be a loyal replacement for Kitana, she is physically and mentally damaged, her animalistic rage controlled only by Shao Kahn as she uses her lascivious behavior to lure victims and then slaughter and devour them. In the game's story mode, she serves as an opponent for Kitana, Jade, Stryker, and Kabal, and is referred to by Shao Kahn as his "true daughter", succeeding him after his death by Raiden's hand. The game's Challenge Tower mode sees Mileena killing Shang Tsung and absorbing his soul while Kitana's non-canonical ending shows her being unusually sympathetic towards Mileena.


title: Mileena

text: Mileena returned as a playable character in "Mortal Kombat X" (2015). Though she became empress of Outworld after Shao Kahn's death, Mileena is overthrown by Kotal Kahn after Reptile reveals her origins, with her followers either killed or siding with Kotal Kahn. Refusing to accept defeat, Mileena resolves to reclaim the throne with the power of Shinnok's amulet. Allying herself with Rain, Tanya, and Kano, Mileena launches an unsuccessful surprise attack on Kotal Kahn in Outworld and is captured. She uses the amulet to protect herself from execution, but is overcome by its power before being rescued and taken away by Rain. She is later tracked down by Cassie Cage, who worked with D'Vorah to apprehend Mileena and recover the amulet. Mileena fights D'Vorah, but is defeated and brought to Kotal Kahn. He orders Mileena to be executed by D'Vorah, who subjects her to flesh-eating parasites.


title: Mileena

text: Mileena returned in "Mortal Kombat 11" as part of the Kombat Pack 2 DLC released on November 17, 2020. Due to popular demand by fans, Ed Boon has also added Mileena to Kitana's friendship. This particular version of Mileena originates from the past during the second tournament, having been brought to the present by Kronika, and learns of her future self's death.


title: Mileena

text: Mileena was the first evil female character to appear in the series, created by John Tobias for "Mortal Kombat II" simply to accommodate another palette-swapped character. Tobias recalled: "I took advantage of Kitana and Mileena being masked sisters to make a play on the veil myth… One sister is beautiful. One is ugly. One is good. One is evil. Choose wisely before asking one on a date." "Mortal Kombat" co-creator and producer Ed Boon described the sisters as the "female versions of Scorpion and Sub-Zero", and the character indeed emerged as saw Tobias' sketch of a veiled female warrior and suggested creating a duplicate similar to the ninjas. Tobias does not remember the exact origin of the name Mileena, but he felt "it had a pleasant sound to it, which either helped hide her grotesque appearance or exposed a hidden inner beauty". According to Acclaim Entertainment's producer Robert O'Farrell, the game was given two female fighters so it would better compete against Capcom's "Street Fighter II", which had only one.


title: Mileena

text: Since her debut, Mileena's characteristic weapon is a pair of sharpened, dagger-like sai, that at first, she has been using in combat only as projectiles and during some of her finishing moves (eventually, the sai were given more use in "Mortal Kombat 2011"). Only in "Mortal Kombat Gold" does she use a European style longsword (similar to that of Scorpion in "Mortal Kombat 4") as her primary physical weapon. Prior to the release of "MK2011", Mileena was one of the five "legendary characters" spotlighted by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, alongside the likes of Scorpion and Sub-Zero. Her "MK2011" X-ray attack was altered to incorporate sai stabbings after fan feedback "to fit Mileena as far as her style, her brutality." Her trademark moves through the series include double-sai throws that can be performed midair, teleport kicks, and on-ground rolling attacks. Mileena also utilizes her sai in most of her Fatalities, including immobilizing her opponents prior to the killing sequence (such as her "Rip Off" finisher in "MK2011"), while she pretends to kiss her victims in others. In "MKX", both of her Fatalities exhibit her cannibalistic traits. There was a popular but completely false urban legend-style rumor regarding a supposed "Nudality" finishing move in "MKII". Her Animality in "Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3" and "Mortal Kombat Trilogy" sees her transform into a skunk that sprays the defeated opponent.


title: Mileena

text: Mileena is physically identical to Kitana, the most glaring exception being her half-Tarkata with large and exposed sharp teeth (which got noticeably downsized for "Mortal Kombat: Deception" and "Armageddon"). Boon described Mileena as "Anti-Kitana" and said that her large "sharp, nasty teeth" have been not originally planned and were only drawn for her infamous Fatality "Man-Eater" (featured in "UMK3" too), in which she sucks up the entire body of her victims and then regurgitates their clean bones. After "MKII", her teeth were almost never used again during gameplay until "MK2011" (in a leap attack to bite an opponent in the neck and in one Fatality to gnaw on the killed enemy's severed head), with a sole exception of one Fatality in "Deception" in which she uses them to tear off the opponent's head. Mileena's skin color appears to be at times mildly darker than Kitana's but is always lighter than Jade's. After the two were given more varying appearances in "Gold" (hairstyle of all Kitana-derived characters is loose in "MKII" and pinned back in a bun in "UMK3"), Mileena's hair is usually much shorter than Kitana's and is most often worn gathered in a ponytail. One element of Mileena's anatomy that has often changed is her eyes. As her supposed twin sister, Mileena shared Kitana's eyes in "MKII"; her eyes then became "undead" style all-white (similar to the eyes of Scorpion and Noob Saibot) in "UMK3". In "Deception", "Armageddon" and "Shaolin Monks", Mileena's eyes return to normal but are yellow (Kitana's eyes are brown). In "Mortal Kombat 2011", however, she has Baraka-like yellow eyes with slit pupils (her eyes are also sometimes seen as glowing whole), except for her alternate "UMK3" style costume (available through pre-order bonuses and later in a DLC package) in which she has human eyes once again. In "MKX", her facial appearance has undergone major changes in her facial appearance based on those from "Mortal Kombat Legacy" live-action series, such as having a human-like mouth, yet still retain most of her Tarkatan mouth, as seen on both of her cheeks.


title: Mileena

text: Mileena's main color has been either a shade of pink or magenta in various installments (including when masquerading as Kitana in "Deception") and their outfits did not differ in a significant way (more than just having different color patterns) until "Gold". Since then, her costumes have been generally getting more skimpy with every new game, including always having an exposed midriff since "Deception". Mileena's main costume in "Deception" and "Armageddon" is actually mostly black and features long flowing arm sleeves, a back-only loincloth, and a partially transparent veil. In "Shaolin Monks", Mileena appears half-naked (her costume made largely of just belts of leather and scraps of fabric), barefoot (with a bandaged midfoot), and again wearing a veil in place of a mask (the veil returns as part of her formal outfit in "MK2011"). In the 2011 reboot game, her prime costume is based on her famous provocative alternate from "Deception", but more detailed and again featuring a mask. In all, in this game she has the largest number of costumes out of all characters in the entire series. Her "Flesh Pit" alternate costume in the 2011 game is made of just some loose bandages put around her otherwise completely naked body, marking the first time that she has appeared unmasked by default. "The Ultimate Horror Pack" DLC for "MKX" features the Vampiress Mileena.


title: Mileena

text: Like Kitana and Jade, Mileena has been originally portrayed by Katalin Zamiar in "MKII", who was using her own sai. A false rumor printed in "Game Informer" told of a Mileena-like secret character named Emerald supposedly hidden in the game. After "MKII", Mileena was first filmed during the very early development, then officially declared by Tobias and Boon to be "gone" and not returning, and eventually brought back due to popular demand, with Becky Gable taking over the role in "UMK3". Her motion capture actors for 3D games have included Carlos Pesina in "Deception" and "Armageddon", but in "MK2011" she was played by a female actor.


title: Mileena

text: Mileena has been commonly perceived as one of the top (or even the best) characters of "Mortal Kombat II" in gameplay terms. "Game Players" described her as a "big purple flash that bolts across the screen and kicks your tail before you even knew the round started." She was ranked as the game's best overall fighter by "Sega Visions" for her high speed and reach as well as her teleport kick that can uniquely dodge the opponent's projectiles. "Super Play" too called her "the best "MKII" character" as she is "fast, with a good range of attacks, and the potential for the most awesome combo in the game." "EGM" noted about how this "deadly woman...can hold her own against any man in the game" as her players can use her "lightning speed" and the sai blasts to overcome other players, while "C+VG" evaluated all of "MKII" characters as "well-balanced" and "potentially excellent", but still the teleport kick of the "very fast" Mileena was singled out by them as "the best surprising move in the game." According to "CU Amiga", Mileena was "third only to Jax and Liu Kang for sheer brilliance," being a "somewhat misleading character" whose moves need to be "learnt the right way to put them all together to be devastating." "Hyper" verdicted that in the hands of the skilled players, all three "Mileena, Jax and Liu Kang are almost unstoppable," and "Amiga Concept" chose the "almost unassailable" Mileena as the game's best character alongside Jax. In "GamePro" test, the "queen of the hill" Mileena was effective against all characters, and especially versus Jax (who shared tier 1 with her in their ranking), Reptile and Shang Tsung. "GamePro" testers opined that "although Jax is the better overall characters against Tiers 2-4, Mileena's massive advantage over him makes her number one. Neither suffers disadvantages against anyone else. With her rapid sai-throwing ability, teleport attacks, and deadly combos, this beautiful assassin lands atop our rankings." In "Amiga Format" test matches, both Mileena and Kitana were always "so much faster" that "poor Jax...ended getting his head kicked in every time."


title: Mileena

text: Mileena is a hidden playable character in "Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3", for which she needs to be unlocked with a special "Kombat Kode", but is available from the start in the compilation game "Mortal Kombat Trilogy" (appearing as seen in "UMK3"). "Sega Saturn Magazine" stated "she's pretty much identical to the last time," meaning "MKII". According to "Nintendo Power", Mileena's original powers "may prove insufficient" for using her with the same effectiveness in "UMK3" in which most of the other characters got some additional special moves. On the other hand, "Total 64" wrote that Mileena of "Trilogy" (directly based on "UMK3" version) is "a damn good fighter [with] plenty of powerful moves" making her "an all round classy fighting star." "EGM Strategy Guide" for "UMK3" noted she has largely retained her ability to "zone" the opponent with her sai projectiles, which had contributed to making her "one of the toughest" characters in "MKII".


title: Mileena

text: According to GameSpy's guide to "Mortal Kombat: Deception", Mileena "has some solid offensive tools" and "a few solid combos up her sleeve, as well as a few pop-up attacks that are extremely quick and open up brief juggle opportunities," however she now also has severe weaknesses such as a very short range of her sai and poor ranged attack abilities. Prima Games' official guide for a "Deception"-based "Mortal Kombat Armageddon" gave Mileena an overall rating of 6/10, calling her a "punisher" type character and a better fighter than Kitana ("seems to have the upper hand between the two"), but while she "is able to punish from any range and even interrupt high attacks and projectiles, the damage she inflicts is minor."


title: Mileena

text: In Prima Games' official guide for the 2011 "Mortal Kombat" reboot, Mileena was judged to be well-balanced and universal, displaying neither particular weaknesses nor advantages that would result in a one-sided battle against anyone else. In their test, Mileena always won around half of the fights against any character (in the range of 40–60%, wins depending on an opposing character). In "Mortal Kombat X", Mileena's style of fighting is translated into her three variations: "Ravenous", "Piercing", and "Ethereal". In "Ravenous", as the name suggests, Mileena gains an expanded number of biting and pouncing attacks, highlighting her beastly and cannibalistic tendencies and turning her into a more aggressive fighter. In "Piercing", her main trait is her sai, which she uses for both projectiles and extensive combination attacks. Her "Ethereal" variation focuses on her ability to teleport and allows her to disappear for extended periods of time in order to strike stealthily. Prima evaluated her as a "solid character" with "several great ways to stop opponents from jumping toward her," but who is "not as safe as some of the other characters, which means she has to take a few risks."


title: Mileena

text: Mileena is not playable in "Mortal Kombat: Shaolin Monks" wherein she only appears as a sub-boss character alongside Kitana and Jade, as well as an optional boss in a secret stage encounter. Mileena also appears in the super deformed-style "cute" form in every minigame through the series: "Chess Kombat", "Puzzle Kombat" and "Motor Kombat". In "Motor Kombat", Mileena's Kombat Karting special weapon is a brief speed boost that is very useful to save her from a Fatality in a death trap or at the finish line and makes her a "great character" to use in the arena Speedster. When playing offline, it also allows the player to "steal first place right at the finish line before the AI gets its own miraculous speed boost." An overpowered version of Mileena is a Faction Invasion boss for the Outworld faction in "MKX".


title: Mileena

text: Mileena had a brief role in the 1994 Midway-produced "Mortal Kombat II" comic book that was written and illustrated by John Tobias, and took place prior to the second tournament. She joins Kitana, Baraka, Kintaro and Shang Tsung in being sent to attack Earthrealm by Shao Kahn, and kills Jax's Special Forces partner Steve Beran by performing her "Maneater" Fatality off-panel. She was a recurring secondary character in Malibu Comics' "Mortal Kombat" series that was published from 1994 to 1995. Making her debut in the first issue of the "Goro: Prince of Pain" miniseries, she is part of a team led by Kitana with orders to find the missing Goro in Outworld. She additionally has reservations about Kitana's true loyalty to Kahn (though she never speaks about it to anyone) and considers herself to be the loyal "Shao Kahn's true daughter." Mileena is paired with Reptile in "Battlewave", and duels Sonya Blade twice—including the first "Tournament Edition" finale in which she stabs Sonya with her sai—but she loses both times. She was also featured in a one-shot special entitled "Kitana and Mileena: Sister Act", which explained their past: Mileena is a creation ordered by Shao Kahn, though he would never let her replace Kitana.


title: Mileena

text: Mileena was a minor character in the "" stage show in 1995, where she was played mostly by Jennifer DeCosta and Lexi Alexander in a dual role. They primarily played Kitana but wore Mileena's costume underneath for a quick wardrobe change as Mileena would reveal herself to the heroes Jax and Liu Kang after having led them into Shao Kahn's trap while impersonating Kitana. She was the only player character at the time absent from the first "Mortal Kombat" film.


title: Mileena

text: Mileena appeared briefly in the 1997 feature film "", and was played by martial artist and stuntwoman Dana Hee. She was featured in one scene in which she ambushes Sonya Blade from behind in a desert. The two duel before Sonya traps Mileena on the ground and kicks her in the head, snapping her neck. After this, Mileena's shoulder tattoo comes to life and flies away. Mileena herself was never mentioned by name but was acknowledged in the closing credits. Her pink-and-black costume was a palette swap of Kitana's main film attire (a sleeveless bustier-like top and tights) with an added mask and matching headband and has blue eyes. Mileena has only one spoken line in the film ("You wish" in response to Sonya confusing her with Kitana) and it was the only time she has ever been shown with her hair in a plait, similar to Kitana's in-film hairstyle. Hee described her role as "an evil, mysterious figure that leaves you wondering, 'Who is she?'" Her fight against Sonya Blade was shot in -3° Celsius (26° Fahrenheit) weather at a copper mine in Wales, and the crew had trucked in synthetic mud for the scene, but a hurricane struck near the set a day before filming and left both actresses and their stunt performers fighting in actual mud. Mileena's character and the fight scene have been originally quite different in Brent V. Friedman and Bryce Zabel's scripts for the film.