title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: He also worked for New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) and competed for several independent promotions, most notably Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG). In ROH, he is a one-time ROH World Champion and three-time ROH World Tag Team Champion alongside Bobby Fish as reDRagon, while in PWG, he is a one-time PWG World Champion and the winner of the promotion's 2013 Battle of Los Angeles. After his WWE contract expired, Greenwood signed with AEW in December 2021.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: O'Reilly appeared at NWA: Extreme Canadian Championship Wrestling (ECCW)'s television tapings on December 23, 2005, where he and Tony Tisoy lost to Wrathchild and Killswitch. In January 2006, O'Reilly was in the main event of ECCW's tenth anniversary show, teaming with Fast Freddy Funk and Kurt Sterling to defeat Michelle Starr, Johnny Canuck and Vance Nevada. O'Reilly graduated from ECCW's House of Pain Wrestling School on May 29, 2006. At the graduation show, O'Reilly pinned his trainer Aaron Idol. He continued to appear in ECCW throughout the remainder of 2006 and early 2007. In March 2007, O'Reilly began a feud with Sid Sylum, losing to him in a "European Rounds" match on March 2, before he teamed with Veronika Vice to defeat Sylum and Nikki Matthews in a mixed tag team match the following night. On March 30, O'Reilly defeated Sylum in an "I Quit" match to end the feud.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: In June 2007, O'Reilly entered the Pacific Cup tournament, where he faced Tony Kozina and Scotty Mac in the final and was victorious. On July 21, O'Reilly defeated Ice to win the NWA Canadian Junior Heavyweight Championship. He lost the championship back to Ice just six days later. The following month, on August 18, O'Reilly once again defeated Ice to win the NWA Canadian Junior Heavyweight Championship for the second time, but lost it back to Ice again the same day. In a rematch on August 24, the match ended in a double pin, causing the championship to be vacated. As a result, O'Reilly and Ice competed in a best of five series to determine the new champion. O'Reilly defeated Ice in the first match of the series on November 16, but Ice won the second to tie the series at one all. O'Reilly won the third match, but Ice won the fourth, a street fight. In the rubber match on December 28, O'Reilly defeated Ice in a Last Man Standing match to win the championship for the third time.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: In 2008, O'Reilly attempted to win the Pacific Cup for the second year in a row, but was unsuccessful. He defeated Halo and Azeem en route to the final, a three-way elimination match against Billy Suede and El Phantasmo, but was the first man eliminated. In April 2009, O'Reilly and 19 other wrestlers took part in ECCW's "Wrestling With Hunger" marathon show, where he wrestled almost 40 matches in 72 hours to raise money for a local food bank.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: On March 19, 2010, O'Reilly competed in a three-way match for the NWA Canadian Heavyweight Championship against champion Billy Suede and Sylum. In April, O'Reilly defeated Rick Sterling at "Title vs. Title". He entered the Pacific Cup tournament again on June 6, defeating Azeem and Suede en route to the final where he lost to Artemis Spencer. At "To Hell and Back" on June 25, O'Reilly wrestled twice in one night, defeating Ice before losing to Sylum in a match for the NWA Canadian Heavyweight Championship. The following night, O'Reilly teamed with El Phantasmo to face Pop Culture in a two out of three falls match, which Pop Culture won, two falls to one. On July 10, O'Reilly lost to Tony Baroni. O'Reilly returned to ECCW to compete in the Pacific Cup tournaments in 2011 and 2014.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: O'Reilly returned to ECCW on January 14, 2017, for Ballroom Brawl 7 where he defeated El Phantasmo for the ECCW Championship. He vacated the title 49 days later to ensure ECCW would have a fighting champion as he figured out his future.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: O'Reilly made his Full Impact Pro (FIP) debut at the "In Full Force" show on May 30, 2008, where he lost to Damien Wayne. He appeared again for FIP the following night at "Southern Justice 2008" wrestling Johnny DeBall. The match ended in a no contest when Davey Richards attacked both competitors. He returned to FIP in November 2009, appearing at the "Jeff Peterson Memorial Cup, Night 1" where he teamed with Tony Kozina in a Tag Team Rumble which was won by Bumz R' Us.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: On January 16, 2010, O'Reilly appeared at the Evolve promotion's inaugural show, where he defeated Bobby Fish. At "Evolve 2: Hero vs. Hidaka", O'Reilly defeated Hallowicked, who a replacement for an injured TJP. O'Reilly suffered his first loss in the promotion at "Evolve 3: Rise or Fall", when he lost to TJP. He lost his second match to Ricochet at "Evolve 5: Danielson vs. Sawa", giving him a record of two wins and two losses.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: O'Reilly appeared at Dragon Gate USA (DGUSA)'s Open the Freedom Gate pay-per-view taping on November 28, 2009, on the pre-show, where he defeated Adam Cole. At the DGUSA Fearless pay-per-view, O'Reilly won a six-way match on the pre-show, before he accompanied Davey Richards to the ring for his match. On September 26, 2010, O'Reilly participated in six pack challenge, which was won by Brodie Lee at a DGUSA in Milwaukee.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: On August 28, 2010, O'Reilly competed in Chikara's Young Lions Cup tournament, but lost to Adam Cole in the quarter-finals.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: On May 26, 2017, at WCPW Pro Wrestling World Cup - Canadian Qualifying Round O'Reilly defeated Tyson Dux in the first round of the Canada Leg. O'Reilly was defeated by Mike Bailey in the Semi-Finals. O'Reilly competed in the Progress Wrestling Super Strong Style 16 Tournament in May 2019.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: O'Reilly made his Ring of Honor (ROH) debut in 2009. On November 13, 2009, Tony Kozina defeated O'Reilly. On the December 21, 2009 episode of "Ring of Honor Wrestling", taped on November 5, O'Reilly lost to Chris Hero. At the February 5, 2010 tapings on "Ring of Honor Wrestling", O'Reilly defeated Tony Kozina. On April 23, 2010, in Dayton, Ohio, O'Reilly defeated Sampson. On September 10, 2010, O'Reilly was defeated by ROH World Champion Austin Aries. Three days later, ROH announced they had signed O'Reilly to a contract with the company.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: O'Reilly then began to ally himself with fellow ROH newcomer Adam Cole, with the pair forming a tag team. At the October 2 "Ring of Honor Wrestling" tapings they defeated the team of Grizzly Redwood and Mike Sydal. They lost to Steve Corino and Kevin Steen on October 15, and the All Night Express of Kenny King and Rhett Titus at a show on October 16. They defeated the Bravado Brothers (Lance and Harlem) on the November 8 episode of "Ring of Honor Wrestling". On November 12, O'Reilly participated in the 2010 edition of the Survival of the Fittest tournament, but was eliminated by Kevin Steen in the first round. The following night in Toronto, O'Reilly and Cole defeated the Bravado Brothers. O'Reilly made his ROH pay-per-view debut on December 18 at Final Battle 2010, where he and Cole were defeated by the All Night Express (Rhett Titus and Kenny King). On April 1 and 2 at Chapter One and Two of Honor Takes Center Stage, O'Reilly and Cole faced The Briscoe Brothers (Jay and Mark) and The Kings of Wrestling (Chris Hero and Claudio Castagnoli) in two losing efforts, despite putting on strong performances. On July 8, O'Reilly and Cole defeated the Bravado Brothers to earn a future shot at the ROH World Tag Team Championship. On July 25, ROH announced that O'Reilly had re-signed with the promotion. At the August 13 tapings of "Ring of Honor Wrestling", the tag team of O'Reilly and Cole was named Future Shock.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: At the January 7, 2012, tapings of "Ring of Honor Wrestling", Future Shock disbanded and O'Reilly formed a new tag team named Team Ambition with Davey Richards, opposite Adam Cole and Eddie Edwards. Outside of ROH, the team also came to include Tony Kozina. On March 4 at the 10th Anniversary Show, Team Ambition was defeated in a main event tag team match by Cole and Edwards. On March 31 at Showdown in the Sun, O'Reilly faced Cole and defeated him using an underhanded tactic. On June 24 at , O'Reilly was defeated by Cole in a "Hybrid Rules" match. Afterward, O'Reilly slapped Cole as he tried to make peace with his former partner and later announced that he was now going after Richards, cementing his heel turn.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: On December 16 at , O'Reilly and Bobby Fish (known as reDRagon) faced the reformed The American Wolves (Davey Richards and Eddie Edwards) in a losing effort. At the following iPPV, 11th Anniversary Show on March 2, 2013, O'Reilly and Fish defeated the Briscoe Brothers for the ROH World Tag Team Championship. The same month, they successfully defended the championship against Alabama Attitude (Corey Hollis and Mike Posey), before retaining it at Best in the World 2013 in June in a three-way match against the C & C Wrestle Factory (Caprice Coleman and Cedric Alexander) and S.C.U.M. (Cliff Compton and Rhett Titus). They lost the title to the Forever Hooligans (Alex Koslov and Rocky Romero) on July 27, but regained the title from the American Wolves on August 17. Over the next several months reDRagon successfully defended the championship against teams including the C & C Wrestle Factory, the Forever Hooligans, and Jay Lethal and Michael Elgin. They retained the championship against Outlaw, Inc. (Homicide and Eddie Kingston) at Final Battle 2013 in December and Adrenaline Rush (A. C. H. and TaDarius Thomas) at the 12th Anniversary Show in February 2014. On March 8, 2014, reDRagon lost the title to The Young Bucks. ReDRagon regained the tag team championship from The Young Bucks on May 17, at the ROH and New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) co-promoted pay-per-view War of the Worlds. They successfully defended the championship against The Briscoe Brothers on June 7 and against Christopher Daniels and Frankie Kazarian at ROH's first live pay-per-view Best in the World 2014 on June 22. On November 23, reDRagon defeated ACH and Matt Sydal, The Addiction (Daniels and Kazarian), and The Briscoes to retain the ROH World Tag Team Championship and win the Tag Wars tournament. They followed up their victory with successful title defenses against the Time Splitters (Alex Shelley and Kushida) at Final Battle 2014, The Young Bucks in March 2015 at ROH's 13th Anniversary Show, and The Kingdom (Michael Bennett and Matt Taven) at Supercard of Honor IX. O'Reilly and Fish lost the tag team title to The Addiction at the "Ring of Honor Wrestling" tapings on April 4. On September 18, 2015, at All Star Extravaganza VII, O'Reilly received a shot at the ROH World Championship, but was defeated when Adam Cole turned on him.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: On August 19, 2016, at Death Before Dishonor XIV, O'Reilly made his return and surprisingly interrupting Cole's victory celebration as the two-time ROH World Champion by attacking him, thus reigniting their feud. On December 2 at Final Battle, O'Reilly defeated Cole to win the ROH World Championship for the first time. On December 31, O'Reilly's ROH contract expired. He was said to be reviewing his future options and working for ROH on a per date agreement until he made a decision. On January 4, 2017, O'Reilly lost the ROH World Championship back to Cole at NJPW's Wrestle Kingdom 11 in Tokyo Dome. On January 11, 2017, O'Reilly was removed from the ROH roster page and pulled from all upcoming ROH events, indicating his contract with Ring of Honor had expired, ending his 8-year tenure with the company.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: On October 22, 2011, O'Reilly debuted in Pro Wrestling Guerrilla alongside regular tag team partner Adam Cole as Future Shock. They unsuccessfully challenged The Young Bucks (Matt and Nick Jackson) for the PWG World Tag Team Championship. At "Fear" on December 10, Future Shock were defeated by the RockNES Monsters (Johnny Goodtime and Johnny Yuma). On April 21, 2012, Future Shock entered the annual Dynamite Duumvirate Tag Team Title Tournament (DDT4), where they made it to the semifinals, before losing to the eventual tournament winners, Super Smash Bros. (Player Uno and Stupefied). On July 21 at PWG's ninth anniversary event, Future Shock unsuccessfully challenged the Super Smash Bros. for the PWG World Tag Team Championship in a three-way ladder match, which also included The Young Bucks. On January 12, 2013, Future Shock entered the 2013 Dynamite Duumvirate Tag Team Title Tournament. After defeating the DojoBros (Eddie Edwards and Roderick Strong) in their first round match, the team was eliminated from the tournament in the semifinals by El Generico and Kevin Steen.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: On August 30, O'Reilly entered the 2013 Battle of Los Angeles, defeating Trent? in his first round match. The following day, O'Reilly first defeated A. C. H. in the second round, then Drake Younger in the semifinals and finally Michael Elgin in the finals to win the 2013 Battle of Los Angeles and become the number one contender to the PWG World Championship, held by his former Future Shock partner Adam Cole. O'Reilly received his title shot on October 19, but was defeated by Cole, following interference from Kevin Steen and The Young Bucks. O'Reilly received a rematch for the PWG World Championship in a "Knockout or Submission Only" match on May 23, 2014, and defeated Cole to become the new champion. In August, O'Reilly made it to the semifinals of the 2014 Battle of Los Angeles, but was forced to withdraw from the match after suffering a storyline injury at the hands of Roderick Strong. On December 12, O'Reilly successfully defended the PWG World Championship against the 2014 Battle of Los Angeles winner Ricochet, only to lose it to Strong in an impromptu Guerrilla Warfare match immediately afterward.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: On March 4, 2016, O’Reilly defeated Marty Scurll and the next night reDRagon lost to The Young Bucks failing to the tag titles. on July 29, O’Reilly received a PWG World Title match against Zack Sabre Jr. but lost. on September 2, reDRagon and Dalton Castle lost a six-man tag to Mount Rushmore 2.0 (Adam Cole, Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson). on September 3, O’Reilly defeated Matthew Riddle in the 1st round of a tournament but lost in the quarter-finals to Mark Haskins. on December 16, reDRagon defeated Death By Elbow (Chris Hero and JT Dunn). on April 21, 2017, O'Reilly lost to Michael Elgin. then on May 19, reDRagon lost to The Chosen Bros (Jeff Cobb and Matthew Riddle).


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: Through ROH's relationship with NJPW, reDRagon made an appearance for the Japanese promotion on August 10, unsuccessfully challenging Time Splitters (Alex Shelley and Kushida) for the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship. reDRagon returned to NJPW on October 25 to take part in the 2014 Super Jr. Tag Tournament. On November 3, reDRagon defeated The Young Bucks in the finals to win the tournament. Five days later at Power Struggle, reDRagon defeated Time Splitters in a rematch to become the new IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Champions. They made their first successful title defense on January 4, 2015, at Wrestle Kingdom 9 in Tokyo Dome, in a four-way match against Forever Hooligans, Time Splitters and The Young Bucks. On February 11 at The New Beginning in Osaka, reDRagon lost the title to The Young Bucks in a three-way match, also involving Time Splitters. reDRagon returned to NJPW on May 3 at Wrestling Dontaku 2015, where they unsuccessfully challenged for the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship in a three-way match with Roppongi Vice (Beretta and Rocky Romero) and The Young Bucks. Later that month, O'Reilly entered the 2015 Best of the Super Juniors. Finishing with a record of six wins and one loss, he won his block and advanced to the finals of the tournament. On June 7, O'Reilly was defeated in the finals of the tournament by Kushida. Following the tournament, reDRagon received a rematch for the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship in a three-way match, also involving Roppongi Vice, but were again defeated by The Young Bucks on July 5 at Dominion 7.5 in Osaka-jo Hall. On August 16, reDRagon defeated The Young Bucks to win the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Tag Team Championship for the second time. They lost the title back to The Young Bucks in a four-way match that also included Roppongi Vice and Matt Sydal and Ricochet on January 4, 2016, at Wrestle Kingdom 10 in Tokyo Dome. On October 10 at King of Pro-Wrestling, O'Reilly received his first singles title shot in NJPW, when he unsuccessfully challenged Katsuyori Shibata for the NEVER Openweight Championship. At Wrestle Kingdom 11, O'Reilly lost the ROH World Championship to Adam Cole.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: O'Reilly made his debut for WWE's NXT brand at the July 12, 2017, television tapings of "NXT", which aired on August 2, losing to Aleister Black. At , O'Reilly along with Bobby Fish attacked Sanity after they won the NXT Tag Team Championship against The Authors of Pain. They then attacked newly crowned NXT Champion Drew McIntyre later that night, being joined by the debuting Adam Cole, turning heel in the process. The following month, the trio of O'Reilly, Cole, and Fish was officially dubbed The Undisputed Era.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: On the September 20 episode of "NXT", O'Reilly and Fish defeated Tyler Bate and Trent Seven due to interference by Adam Cole. On the October 4 episode, after Roderick Strong's match with Drew McIntyre, The Undisputed Era walked out and patted Strong on the back. On the October 25 episode, The Undisputed Era gave Roderick Strong an Undisputed Era armband, with Cole telling Strong that he is "not a loser" and offering him a position in their group. On the November 1 episode, The Undisputed Era attacked both SAnitY and The Authors of Pain during their match and it was announced that The Undisputed Era would be involved in the WarGames match at .


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: On the November 8 episode of "NXT", O'Reilly and Fish interrupted Roderick Strong vs. Adam Cole, leading to a massive brawl among the WarGames teams. At TakeOver: WarGames, The Undisputed Era defeated SAnitY and the team of Roderick Strong and The Authors Of Pain to win the first War Games match that was held in over 17 years. On the December 20 episode of "NXT", O'Reilly and Fish defeated SAnitY to win the NXT Tag Team Championship. At , The Undisputed Era defeated The Authors of Pain to retain the titles. At , The Undisputed Era defeated Roderick Strong and Pete Dunne and The Authors of Pain to retain the titles and win the Dusty Rhodes Tag Team Classic after Strong turned on his partner and joined Undisputed Era.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: At , O'Reilly and Strong defeated Oney Lorcan and Danny Burch to retain the titles. On the June 19 tapings for the second annual United Kingdom Championship Tournament, O'Reilly and Strong lost the titles to Moustache Mountain (Tyler Bate and Trent Seven), but won them back two days later. At , O'Reilly and Strong defeated Moustache Mountain to retain the titles. After the match, The War Raiders (Hanson and Rowe) attacked Strong and O’Reilly. On the November 14 episode of "NXT", O'Reilly defeated Hanson, meaning Undisputed Era would have an advantage in numbers in the WarGames match at . At the event, The Undisputed Era lost to Pete Dunne, Ricochet, and War Raiders (Hanson and Rowe). At , O'Reilly and Strong lost the titles to The War Raiders. At , O'Reilly and Fish faced The Street Profits (Angelo Dawkins and Montez Ford), The Forgotten Sons (Wesley Blake and Steve Cutler), and Oney Lorcan and Danny Burch in a fatal four-way ladder match for the vacant NXT Tag Team Championship, but the match was won by The Street Profits. Fish and O'Reilly later challenged The Street Profits for the titles at on August 10, but again failed to become the champions. Six days later on the August 16 tapings of "NXT", however, O'Reilly and Fish finally defeated The Street Profits for the NXT Tag Team Championship. O'Reilly and Fish would go on to hold the NXT Tag Team Titles for several months until they lost them to the BroserWeights (Pete Dunne and Matt Riddle) at on February 16, 2020. Following this, O'Reilly stopped appearing with Undisputed Era on television and only appeared in pre-taped segments as he refrained to compete during the COVID-19 pandemic due to his diabetes disease. He made his in-ring return on the August 5 episode of "NXT" where he and Fish unsuccessfully challenged Marcel Barthel and Fabian Aichner of Imperium for the NXT Tag Team Championship.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: On the September 16 episode of "NXT", O'Reilly saved Jake Atlas from a beatdown at the hands of Tommaso Ciampa, thus turning face in the process. The following week on "NXT", O'Reilly defeated Bronson Reed, Cameron Grimes, Kushida, and Timothy Thatcher in the first-ever Gauntlet Eliminator match to challenge for his first singles title in the promotion, becoming number one contender for the NXT Championship at NXT TakeOver 31 against Finn Bálor. At the event, O'Reilly was unsuccessful in winning the title. After the event, O'Reilly and the rest of The Undisputed Era would begin to feud with The Kings of NXT (Pat McAfee, Pete Dunne, Danny Burch, and Oney Lorcan). NXT General Manager William Regal would announce that Undisputed Era would face The Kings of NXT in a WarGames match at . At the event, Undisputed Era would defeat The Kings of NXT. On the December 16 episode of "NXT", O'Reilly defeated Dunne to become the number one contender to the NXT Championship at . On January 6, 2021, at NXT New Year's Evil, he was unsuccessful once again.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: At , The Undisputed Era aided Finn Bálor to fend off Pete Dunne, Danny Burch, and Oney Lorcan. They then posed in the ring, however, Cole attacked Bálor. When O'Reilly protested against Cole attacking Bálor, Cole then hit the superkick to O'Reilly, thus signalling the end of The Undisputed Era. On the following episode of "NXT", Cole once again attacked O'Reilly during the six-man tag team match. Cole then hit O'Reilly with a brainbuster on the steel steps, causing O'Reilly to get stretchered out of ringside. The kayfabe injury led to fans speculating that O'Reilly had suffered a seizure. A lot of fans and wrestlers showed their support and concern for O'Reilly via social media. It was later revealed that day that O'Reilly never suffered a seizure. O'Reilly returned on the March 11 episode and attacked Cole during the NXT Championship match between Cole and Bálor. On the March 24 episode of "NXT", O'Reilly and Cole would sign a contract to make their unsanctioned match at official. At the event, O'Reilly would defeat Cole.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: Soon after, O'Reilly began to pursue the NXT Championship again, therefore beginning a feud with the reigning champion Karrion Kross. On the June 1 episode of "NXT", O'Reilly faced Johnny Gargano and Pete Dunne in a triple threat match for an NXT Championship opportunity at which ended in a no contest after Cole returned and laid out all three men. Later that night, it was announced that Kross would defend his title in a five-way match against O'Reilly, Cole, Gargano, and Dunne. At the event, Kross retained the title. After failing to win the championship, O'Reilly resumed his feud with Cole and a rematch between the two was made for The Great American Bash, where O'Reilly was defeated by Cole. He would continue to feud with Cole until he defeated him at NXT TakeOver 36, ending the feud.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: After his feud with Cole ended, O'Reilly would form an uneasy partnership with newcomer Von Wagner, who helped him fend off an attack from Pete Dunne and Ridge Holland. On the October 12 episode of "NXT 2.0", O'Reilly and Wagner teamed up to defeat Dunne and Holland. Soon after they declared their intentions for the NXT Tag Team Championship and on the November 30 episode, defeated Joaquin Wilde and Raul Mendoza to become the number one contenders. At NXT WarGames, O'Reilly and Wagner faced the reigning champions Imperium in a losing effort and after the match, Wagner attempted to attack O'Reilly but O'Reilly would counter his attack. On the following episode of "NXT 2.0", O'Reilly faced Wagner in a steel cage match but would be defeated and after the match would have his head smashed repeatedly with the steel cage door by Wagner. This would be O'Reilly's final appearance in NXT as his WWE contract expired on December 10 and he chose not to renew it.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: On December 22, 2021, O'Reilly made his debut for All Elite Wrestling (AEW) at the special Holiday Bash episode of "Dynamite", attacking Orange Cassidy during his match with Adam Cole, allowing Cole to win, thus establishing himself as a heel, and after the match, O'Reilly reunited with Cole and Bobby Fish.They then formed the Undisputed Elite with the Young Bucks. On the February 23, 2022 episode of "Dynamite", reDRagon (O'Reilly and Fish) would win a 10-team battle royal to become a place in the Triple Threat match for the AEW Tag Team Championship at "AEW Revolution" after O’Reilly eliminated Matt Jackson. ReDRagon would lose the match. On May 23, 2022, O'Reilly made public that he had signed a five year deal with AEW. In May 2022, O'Reilly competed in the Owen Hart Foundation Men's Tournament until he was eliminated by Samoa Joe in a semifinal match which took place on "Dynamite" on May 25. On the June 8th episode of Dynamite, O'Reilly won a Casino Battle Royal to face Jon Moxley, in the show's main event to advance to for a chance to win the interim AEW World Heavyweight Championship, however he lost to Moxley. On the August 3rd episode of AEW Dynamite Adam Cole and ReDragon turned on the Young Bucks.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: Greenwood has type 1 diabetes. He cites Bret Hart, Toshiaki Kawada, Royce Gracie, and Muhammad Ali as his role models. Growing up, Greenwood participated in several sports, including amateur wrestling, ice hockey, football, lacrosse, kickboxing, Jiu-jitsu, and snowboarding, and briefly played rugby in Europe. He remains part of a rugby club and holds a purple belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu. While training to become a professional wrestler, he worked as a cook at a local restaurant. Greenwood once lived with Davey Richards and Tony Kozina.


title: Kyle O'Reilly

text: On January 17, 2022, Greenwood and his wife had a daughter, Janie Elizabeth Greenwood, named after his late mother.


title: Maggie (film)

text: Maggie is a 2015 American post-apocalyptic horror drama film directed by Henry Hobson, in his directorial debut, written by John Scott 3, and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, Abigail Breslin and Joely Richardson. "Maggie" is a dramatic departure for Schwarzenegger, who is better known for his action film roles.


title: Maggie (film)

text: The film was originally set to have its world premiere at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival, but Lionsgate bought the American distribution rights and pulled the film out of the festival's roster. It instead premiered at the 2015 Tribeca Film Festival on April 23, 2015, as part of their lineup, followed by a limited theatrical release and simultaneous VOD release on May 8, 2015.


title: Maggie (film)

text: In the present-day Midwestern United States, society struggles to function in the aftermath of a zombie pandemic (Necroambulism) barely under control. Maggie Vogel calls her father from a broken city under curfew; her voicemail urges that he not seek her and that she loves him. Her arm was bitten. Knowing she has only weeks before the "Necroambulist virus" turns her cannibalistic, she left home to protect her family. Maggie's father Wade has searched two weeks, despite her warning. Finding her in a hospital for the infected, he brings Maggie home to care for her until she must eventually be quarantined. During their return, a zombie attacks Wade at an abandoned gasoline station and he breaks its neck.


title: Maggie (film)

text: At home, Maggie's younger half-siblings Bobby and Molly are leaving to stay with their aunt. Maggie talks to Bobby, who mostly understands what she is undergoing. She withdraws from her family, struggling to cope with her hopeless situation and torn about contacting her friends. Falling from a swing, she breaks a finger on her infected arm, from which black fluid oozes. Terrified, even though she feels little or no pain, and despairing over her deteriorating body, Maggie cuts off the finger. She flees outside and encounters a neighbor, Nathan, and his young daughter, both senseless with infection. Wade kills both zombies but feels extreme remorse. The responding sheriff and deputy consider Wade blameless, instead blaming Nathan's wife Bonnie, who hid her infected family from the authorities. Bonnie visits Wade that night, decrying the dehumanizing treatment of the infected and revealing that Nathan had locked himself in with his sick daughter, becoming infected himself, rather than abandon her to death among strangers in quarantine.


title: Maggie (film)

text: A sympathetic doctor lies to Maggie and on her medical report about the progress of her infection, but warns Wade that, if he wishes to spare Maggie quarantine, he will have to euthanize her himself, either with an extremely painful drug cocktail, or by "making it quick". Wade and Maggie make the most of their remaining days, reminiscing about Maggie's deceased mother. Despite Maggie's physical deterioration (she's woken by maggots wriggling in her dying arm) she struggles to maintain normality. She attends a bonfire with a high school friend, Allie, and an infected boy, Trent, whom Maggie previously dated, and whom she kisses. He tells rumors of horrible conditions at the quarantine facilities, saying he would die before going there.


title: Maggie (film)

text: One day, Maggie smells food near her stepmother Caroline, though Caroline smells nothing and muses that Wade must be cooking downstairs. Finding the kitchen empty, Caroline realizes in horror that Maggie has begun to smell living flesh, in this case Caroline's, as food. Maggie receives a desperate call from Trent. At his home, Trent has locked himself inside his bedroom after he too felt hunger smelling another human, his father. Maggie tries to comfort him but watches helplessly as the police forcibly remove Trent to quarantine.


title: Maggie (film)

text: Back home, Maggie encounters a trapped fox in the woods. Later she runs into her home, hysterical and coated in blood, admitting through tears to her frightened parents that she wanted to free the fox but then couldn't stop herself from attacking it. Wade shoots the half-eaten fox. Caroline departs and urges Wade it's time Maggie is taken away. Two officers arrive and Wade fights one of them before Maggie appears, assuring them she has not yet turned. The sympathetic sheriff leaves Wade with a warning that he'd better decide what to do with her before they next come to check on Maggie.


title: Maggie (film)

text: Wade shows Maggie white daisies he's grown in her mother's old garden, "Daisy" being a nickname he sometimes uses for Maggie. She thanks him for the garden's beauty, but also begs him to promise that he will "make it stop" before she grows worse. Later, Wade sits alone with his shotgun, still unable to use it. He pretends to sleep when Maggie approaches, her skin now gray and her eyes blackened. She lingers over him, smelling him, seemingly on the edge of self-control, before kissing his forehead. Maggie goes outside. Wade, seeing a shell on the floor, puts it in the shotgun. Maggie has climbed to the roof and jumps off, her last memories being of herself as a child frolicking outdoors with her mother, picking a daisy.


title: Maggie (film)

text: The original screenplay for "Maggie," written by John Scott 3, won the Thriller/Horror category Gold Prize in the 2010 PAGE International Screenwriting Awards competition, and as a result was brought to the attention of director Henry Hobson. The following year, the script landed on the Black List of "most liked scripts." Chloë Grace Moretz was initially attached to the project but dropped out due to scheduling conflicts. 'The film is the directing debut of Henry Hobson, whose previous works were designing the title cards of other films such as "Sherlock Holmes" (2009) and "Robin Hood" (2010) and video games like "The Last of Us" (2013), along with the title cards for the 86th and 87th Academy Awards, and commercials for Halo, Resistance3, and Xcom. Hobson chose Schwarzenegger as a sort of "shorthand" for a protective father, which allowed the film to avoid having to shoot scenes establishing him as such. Hobson also enjoyed the idea of casting the actor against type, explaining "when Arnold came up, it was a really intriguing idea; he’s been the hero in everything he’s done, and to now use that against him and have him be a father who has failed to protect his family was a really intriguing idea—to use his strongest qualities as a kind of narrative aid". Filming started on September 23, 2013 in New Orleans, Louisiana, and ended on October 25, 2013. The film's shooting schedule lasted 25 days. Hobson produced more than 200 pages of storyboards to guide his actors throughout the film.


title: Maggie (film)

text: On March 25, 2015, the trailer for "Maggie" was released on YouTube, receiving 4 million views in 4 days, with director Henry Hobson also releasing the trailer on his Vimeo account. For the film's release in the Philippines by Pioneer Films on May 13, 2015, the poster was heavily modified to exaggerate the few action elements in the film, such as the inclusion of the tagline "Don't Get Bitten". Limited edition posters were also produced for the US market


title: Maggie (film)

text: "Maggie" premiered at the 2015 Tribeca Film Festival on April 22, 2015. The film was theatrically released in limited theaters in the US on May 8, 2015, and in the UK on July 24, 2015.


title: Maggie (film)

text: Although "Maggie" received mixed reviews, critics praised Schwarzenegger's and Breslin's performances, with critics surprised by Schwarzenegger's ability as a dramatic actor, capable of delivering a very tragic and touching performance, rather than only being an action film actor. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 60%, based on 134 reviews, with a weighted average rating of 5.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, ""Maggie" lurches a bit clumsily at times, but is partially redeemed by strong performances and an unexpectedly thoughtful tone." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 52 out of 100, based on 30 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


title: Maggie (film)

text: Christopher Bourne of Twitch Film, reviewing from the 2015 Tribeca Film Festival, states that Schwarzenegger "delivers one of his finest and most effective performances here, the most dialed back and restrained he's ever been. He brings surprising nuance and depth to his role as a father who desperately fights to preserve his last moments with his daughter, and who suffers considerable agony at his inability to reverse or ameliorate Maggie's inevitable decline", and adds that his dramatic turn "suggests his capability for a wider range of roles as he approaches his seventies and is less able to take on the physical demands of the action hero roles that he has been known for."


title: Maggie (film)

text: Perri Nemiroff of Collider, who gave the film a mixed review, notes that Schwarzenegger "won’t ever completely shake the super tough exterior, but he certainly comes across as a very relatable, loving father here", and that Breslin "gets a nice assist from the eerily natural zombie transformation makeup, but it’s her ability to move between selling Maggie as a strong young woman trying to keep it together for her family and also being downright terrified that makes the performance especially heart wrenching." However, she ultimately states that the film "is just one big missed opportunity. Hobson’s certainly got potential, but his determination to highlight the characters’ misery through dim visuals and super sad faces winds up completely sucking the life out of the concept."


title: Maggie (film)

text: Grayson Hamilton of Popzara.com was more enthusiastic than most, saying the film "regains speed and ends at the perfect moment, without need to pander to the audience or stretch for a longer screen time", while adding "the level of emotional heft is rare for a Schwarzenegger film, but the action icon carries it better than any other performance of his entire career."


title: Maggie (film)

text: Drew McWeeny of Hitfix provides an overall negative review of the film, saying of Schwarzenegger's role, "we finally have a real performance to judge as Arnold is stripped of pretty much everything he's ever been able to rely on in his work. The result is a close-up study of his limitations as an actor, and a genuinely sad piece of work that he handles well." McWeeny also comments, "Breslin does solid work as a girl who has to grapple with the idea that she will not be able to enjoy the joys of adulthood, and who knows full well what her suffering is going to do to her father... I honestly wish I liked the film more, but at this point, we've seen a whole lot of zombie movies, and while this one tries to find a new way into the idea, it doesn't do anything particularly new."


title: Dead or Alive Xtreme 3

text: Dead or Alive Xtreme 3 is a sports video game in the "Dead or Alive" series developed by Team Ninja and published by Koei Tecmo as the second sequel to the beach volleyball spin-off title "Dead or Alive Xtreme Beach Volleyball". It was originally released in 2016, under two titles for the two different platforms, as Dead or Alive Xtreme 3: Fortune for PlayStation 4 and as Dead or Alive Xtreme 3: Venus for PlayStation Vita. The game was distributed in Asian territories, where it does contain an English language option, along with Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese and Korean language options. A PC downloadable version called Dead or Alive Xtreme Venus Vacation was released in 2017. An update for PlayStation 4 and Nintendo Switch ports, entitled Dead or Alive Xtreme 3: Scarlet was released in 2019, followed by a Steam port of "Venus Vacation" for specific Asia regions six days later, with support for English, Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese and Korean languages. Following the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, a Japanese version of "Venus Vacation" Steam port was released on August 19, 2020, which immediately continues DMM version's recent events.


title: Dead or Alive Xtreme 3

text: "Dead or Alive Xtreme 3" is a sports game played from a third-person perspective and retains the camera mode from the earlier installments in the "Dead or Alive Xtreme" series. It features multiple gameplay modes, which includes mini-games such as beach volleyball and "butt battle". Game modes include beach flag, in which characters will compete in a race to retrieve a flag, and rock climbing. The feature which displays tan lines and swimsuit malfunctions is only available in PlayStation 4 version. In addition, there is a new suntanning system. As the player unlocks new costumes for one character, the items will also be available for use to all characters. There are also new modes like Girl Mode, where the player can take direct control of the girl they have selected, and Owner Mode, where the player becomes an owner of another island. The player is also able to initiate various activities with the girls, such as dating.


title: Dead or Alive Xtreme 3

text: A new variation known as Photo Paradise was released in September 2016, allowing owners to take gravure pictures of the heroines in a variety of poses and swimsuits. The PlayStation Vita version uses the console's touch panel and gyro sensor features. The PS4 later added a virtual reality functionality.


title: Dead or Alive Xtreme 3

text: The development of "Dead or Alive Xtreme 3" was first disclosed by Team Ninja head Yosuke Hayashi during "Dead or Alive Festival" on August 1, 2015. It was officially unveiled one week later in "Famitsu", and the first screenshots were published on August 21. The PlayStation 4 version of game features an improved breast physics engine from "Dead or Alive 5 Last Round", called Soft Engine 2.0, with the PlayStation Vita version using Soft Engine Lite. The Soft Engine 2.0 also allows the developers to implement greater realism towards object interactions, such as clothing wetness and deformation. The PlayStation 4 version is compatible with the PlayStation VR headset system. The release date was originally scheduled for February 25, 2016, however it was later pushed back to March.


title: Dead or Alive Xtreme 3

text: A free-to-play version of the game was released on May 16, 2016. The version contains all gameplay features and activities to try out, but the player can only play as Kasumi; all other characters need to be purchased additionally. Originally, the PlayStation VR support patch was meant to be included for October 13, 2016, but was recently delayed for unknown reasons. Support was made available on January 24, 2017.


title: Dead or Alive Xtreme 3

text: During Tokyo Game Show 2016, a PC downloadable version called "Dead or Alive Xtreme Venus Vacation" was announced to be released in 2017. During the 2018 "Dead or Alive" festival held in Japan in November, Koei Tecmo announced a new edition of the game, "Dead or Alive Xtreme 3: Scarlet", will launch for the PlayStation 4 and the Nintendo Switch on March 20, 2019, in Japan and Asia at least, with pre-orders for the game opening on November 19, 2018.


title: Dead or Alive Xtreme 3

text: "Dead or Alive Xtreme 3" was released to Asian markets for PlayStation versions only, but following protests from fans, Hayashi said a version of the game "adjusted for North America" might come to the West if the demand is high enough. However, on November 24, 2015, Team Ninja posted on the franchise's Facebook page stating that they will not release the game in Western territories. The Asian version will include an English language option and is region-free on both systems.


title: Dead or Alive Xtreme 3

text: Following the announcement not to release the PlayStation version of the game outside Asia, a public debate arose whether this was due to avoid criticism of the sexualized portrayal of women in the games, or the comparatively low North American and European sales of the previous game in the "Dead or Alive Xtreme" series. Shuhei Yoshida, president of SIE Worldwide Studios, said in a statement; "It's due to cultural differences. The West has its own thinking about how to depict women in games media which is different from Japan." In response to the decision not to distribute, the developer behind the adult puzzle game and dating sim "HuniePop" offered Koei Tecmo a million dollars for distribution rights in North America.


title: Dead or Alive Xtreme 3

text: The original game's nine playable female characters were selected from the 15 candidates of the roster of "Dead or Alive 5 Last Round" as the ones whose paid character themes have been downloaded most by fans on the PlayStation Store, but only the downloads from Japan count. The top two characters will also be featured in the first-print run bonuses. The results were announced during Tokyo Game Show 2015. Originally, no additional characters are planned to be added through DLC until they were added in the updated versions prior to corresponding later titles.


title: Dead or Alive Xtreme 3

text: "Dead or Alive Xtreme: Venus Vacation" exclusive characters. Currently, only Leifang and the new character Misaki were also added exclusively in "Scarlet" and as DLC for PlayStation 4 version of "Xtreme 3". Players who started "Venus Vacation" for the first time must select two initial girls between one of the original "Xtreme 3" roster, whereas Misaki can be chosen as the first optional secondary character to pick, while the others who were released in post-launch events of "Venus Vacation" can only be unlocked via gacha:


title: Dead or Alive Xtreme 3

text: In the first week of its release, the "Fortune" version sold 44,723 copies while the "Venus" version sold 21,959 copies. In an April 2016 financial report, Koei Tecmo revealed that "Dead or Alive Xtreme 3" collectively shipped 190,000 copies within a month. LewdGamer noted that the sales are higher than Koei Tecmo's "" (170K) and "Romance of the Three Kingdoms 13" (180K), two titles in the same report which were out for months longer.


title: Dead or Alive Xtreme 3

text: Play-Asia, an import game retailer, reported that they had their highest pre-order record yet with the release of "Dead or Alive Xtreme 3". The prior record holder was the Japanese release of "J-Stars Victory VS", a game which was initially considered unlikely to be localised due to rights limitations involving multiple anime licenses. "Dead or Alive Xtreme 3" eventually broke Play-Asia sales records as well.


title: Dead or Alive Xtreme 3

text: "Famitsu" reviewed both versions of the game 32/40 (8/8/8/8). Operation Rainfall gave "Dead or Alive Xtreme 3" a score of 3 stars out of 5, and although they praised the graphics and visual engine, they found "Dead or Alive Xtreme 3" to be more of a technical demo than a finished game. They also noted that the game has "lots of replay value."


title: Skyler Samuels

text: Skyler Rose Samuels (born April 14, 1994) is an American actress and model, known for her roles in the television series "Wizards of Waverly Place", "The Gates", "The Nine Lives of Chloe King", "Scream Queens" and "The Gifted".


title: Skyler Samuels

text: Samuels was born in Los Angeles, the daughter of Kathy, a producer for unscripted series, and Scott, a U.S. marshal. She has three brothers and a sister.


title: Skyler Samuels

text: Samuels held a recurring role as Gertrude "Gigi" Hollingsworth in "Wizards of Waverly Place" on Disney Channel. She also played the child celebrity Ashley Blake on the Drake and Josh episode "Little Diva". She then appeared in the films "The Stepfather" (2009) and "Furry Vengeance" (2010). She also starred in two series cancelled in their first season: the ABC series "The Gates" as Andie Bates and the ABC Family series "The Nine Lives of Chloe King", in which she played Chloe.


title: Skyler Samuels

text: Samuels next appeared in the recurring role of Bonnie Lipton in the of the FX horror series "American Horror Story". She co-starred with Mae Whitman and Bella Thorne in the high school comedy film "The DUFF" (2015). She played a leading role in season one of the Fox horror comedy series "Scream Queens". (2017). Samuels appears in a recurring role as all three Frost sisters (the Stepford Cuckoos) in the X-Men-based Fox television series "The Gifted".


title: Skyler Samuels

text: Samuels studied marketing and intellectual property at Stanford University. Taking off a quarter to film "Scream Queens", she returned to school in January 2016 and graduated in June 2016. She was a member of the Kappa Alpha Theta sorority.


title: Teddy Atlas

text: Theodore A. "Teddy" Atlas Jr. (born July 29, 1956) is an American boxing trainer and fight commentator.


title: Teddy Atlas

text: The son of a doctor, Atlas grew up in a wealthy area of Staten Island, New York City, New York. His mother, Mary Riley Atlas, was a former contestant in the Miss America pageant system, as well as a model. His father was of Hungarian Jewish ancestry and his mother of Irish descent. Atlas was raised in his mother's Catholic faith and spent summers in Spring Lake, New Jersey, with his family's friends.


title: Teddy Atlas

text: By his own admission, Atlas had a somewhat troubled, rebellious youth. He dropped out of school and was arrested several times. He participated in an armed robbery and served time on Rikers Island. Atlas was involved in a street fight in Stapleton, Staten Island, in which his face was severely slashed with a "007" flick knife. The wound took 400 stitches in total to close, with 200 on the outside of his face and 200 on the inside. The attack left him with a distinctive scar.


title: Teddy Atlas

text: Atlas trained as an amateur boxer with Hall of Fame trainer Cus D'Amato. He had some amateur fights and won a 135-pound Golden Gloves title but had to turn to work as a trainer due to a back injury. Atlas was an assistant to D'Amato, although his role in the Catskill Boxing Club was short-lived. In 1980 he trained Sweden Olympic Boxing Team for 1980 Summer Olympics. His duties included assisting in the training of D'Amato's teenage protégé Mike Tyson. However, Atlas left the camp in 1982 following an altercation with the 15-year-old Tyson after Tyson had been sexually inappropriate with an 11-year-old female relative of Atlas' (Tyson said he had grabbed the girl's buttocks). Atlas put a .38 caliber handgun to Tyson's ear and told him to never touch his family again, or he would kill him if he did. This altercation between Atlas and a young Mike Tyson led to Atlas' dismissal from the Catskill Boxing Club, and he was told he was no longer welcome in D'Amato's home or around any of his adopted children (his fighters whom he had legally adopted, Tyson included).


title: Teddy Atlas

text: Atlas enjoyed his biggest success as head trainer to Michael Moorer, whom he guided to the world heavyweight title in 1994. He drew criticism for what some considered to be overly dramatic speeches in the ring corner, particularly during Moorer's heavyweight title fight with Evander Holyfield, and some felt he did this to draw attention to himself rather than help his fighter. During one such speech, Atlas blocked Moorer from sitting on his stool and asked, "Do you want me to take over?" Atlas has denied this, stating that he did what he believed the fighter needed based on his understanding of the fighter. Moorer went on to defeat Holyfield by a majority decision, with Moorer's manager John Davimos crediting Atlas' motivation, stating "I don't know if Michael could have done this without Teddy Atlas."


title: Teddy Atlas

text: Atlas also worked the corners of featherweight world champion Barry McGuigan in one fight and light heavyweight Donny Lalonde. Lalonde was a top-ranked boxer and went 8–0 with Atlas as his trainer, but they clashed in temperament and style. "He ran things like an army camp," Lalonde said, "I'm more of a free spirit." Lalonde also said it was a waste of time in his career. He and Atlas parted ways, and Lalonde hired Tommy Gallagher as his new trainer. In his autobiography, Atlas claimed he was so angry at having been fired by Lalonde that he went to Lalonde's house with a gun intending to kill him. However, Lalonde refuted Atlas' story, claiming he did not even live at the apartment Atlas described at the time. Lalonde also called Atlas "the least significant of all my trainers throughout my career."


title: Teddy Atlas

text: In 2009, Atlas began training Russian heavyweight Alexander Povetkin as Povetkin prepared for an eventual title match against Wladimir Klitschko. Povetkin was a former world amateur champ and was the number one contender. Atlas said that Povetkin "wasn't ready" for Klitschko


title: Teddy Atlas

text: In 2015, Atlas returned to training to prepare Timothy Bradley for his welterweight title defense against Brandon Rios. With Atlas in his corner, Bradley knocked out Rios in the ninth round of their fight, which took place on November 7, 2015, in Las Vegas.


title: Teddy Atlas

text: In September 2018 Atlas agreed to train Oleksandr Gvozdyk for upcoming fight with Adonis Stevenson on December 1, 2018 in Montreal for WBC and lineal light heavyweight titles.


title: Teddy Atlas

text: In 2019, when asked who, in his opinion, was the best overall of the boxers he had trained, he said Wilfred Benítez.


title: Teddy Atlas

text: Atlas served as a commentator for ESPN, formerly for ESPN2's "Friday Night Fights" and "Wednesday Night Fights" and later for ESPN's Premier Boxing Champions fights. On January 25, 2008, Atlas was suspended by ESPN twice, once for threatening a crew member and once (for one week) after confronting the network's boxing program director, Doug Loughrey. Atlas accused Loughrey of showing favoritism to certain promoters and matchmakers, who were abusing their ESPN connections by taking fighters from other promoters with promises of potential ESPN dates. In December 2017, Atlas was removed from ESPN's live fight coverage after 21 years of ringside commentating following his criticism of the judging in the Manny Pacquiao–Jeff Horn fight. He is in contract until 2020, and continues to provide boxing analysis for ESPN.


title: Teddy Atlas

text: In 2001, Atlas won the Sam Taub Award for excellence in boxing broadcasting journalism. Atlas worked as a boxing commentator for NBC's coverage of the Olympic Games in Sydney (2000), Athens (2004), Beijing (2008), London (2012) and Rio de Janeiro (2016).


title: Teddy Atlas

text: Atlas was a contributor on fight doctor Ferdie Pacheco's "The 12 Greatest Rounds of Boxing" DVD. In it, he stated that in the first Ali-Liston fight, during the famous "blind round" in which Ali could not see after being hit by Liston's gloves which had been smeared in a substance that temporarily blinded Ali, he would have refused to have cut Ali's gloves off and would have simply sent him out with the advice to just "run".


title: Teddy Atlas

text: Atlas is also featured as a member of the in-game commentary team on "Fight Night Round 4" and "Fight Night Champion", alongside Joe Tessitore.


title: Teddy Atlas

text: In 1989 he was part of the cast and the crew in the film "Triumph of the Spirit" which portrays the story of Salamo Arouch Jewish Greek boxer who survived the Holocaust by boxing (over 200 bouts) for the entertainment of German Nazi officers in Concentration Camp. Atlas played the role of Klaus Silber, main antagonist in the movie. He was also a boxing consultant for William Dafoe.


title: Teddy Atlas

text: Atlas is married to Elaine, with whom he has two children: Teddy III and Nicole. Teddy III works in the Las Vegas Raiders' scouting department.


title: Teddy Atlas

text: In 1997, he founded the Dr. Theodore Atlas Foundation to honor the memory of his father. The foundation awards scholarships and grants to individuals and organizations. Atlas published his autobiography, "Atlas: From the Streets to the Ring: A Son's Struggle to Become a Man", in 2006. The book covers many different periods of Atlas's life and compares his position as trainer to a role as a father.


title: Teddy Atlas

text: Atlas has been inducted into the New Jersey Boxing Hall of Fame and was inducted into the Staten Island Sports Hall of Fame in 2005.


title: Robert Boothby, Baron Boothby

text: Robert John Graham Boothby, Baron Boothby, (12 February 1900 – 16 July 1986), often known as Bob Boothby, was a British Conservative politician.


title: Robert Boothby, Baron Boothby

text: The only son of Sir Robert Tuite Boothby, KBE, of Edinburgh and a cousin of Rosalind Grant, mother of the broadcaster Sir Ludovic Kennedy, Boothby was educated at St Aubyns School, Eton College, and Magdalen College, Oxford. Before going up to Oxford, near the end of the First World War, he trained as an officer and was commissioned into the Brigade of Guards, but was too young to see active service. Boothby read History at the University of Oxford; the shortened war course was not classed, being marked either 'Pass' or 'Fail'. He attended a few lectures and did some general reading, but, as he cheerfully observed, "there were far too many other things to do". He achieved a pass without distinction in 1921. After Oxford, he became a partner in a firm of stockbrokers.


title: Robert Boothby, Baron Boothby

text: He was an unsuccessful parliamentary candidate for Orkney and Shetland in 1923 and was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Aberdeen and Kincardine East in 1924. He held the seat until its abolition in 1950, when he was elected for its successor constituency of East Aberdeenshire. Re-elected a final time in 1955, he gave up the seat in 1958 when he was raised to the peerage, triggering a by-election.


title: Robert Boothby, Baron Boothby

text: He was Parliamentary Private Secretary to Chancellor of the Exchequer Winston Churchill from 1926 to 1929. He helped launch the Popular Front in December 1936. He held junior ministerial office as Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Food in 1940–41. He was later forced to resign his post and go to the back benches for not declaring an interest when asking a parliamentary question. During the Second World War he joined the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve and served as a junior staff officer with Bomber Command, and later as a liaison officer with the Free French Forces, retiring with the rank of Flight Lieutenant. In 1950 he received the Legion of Honour for his latter services.


title: Robert Boothby, Baron Boothby

text: In 1954 (echoing words he had said in 1934) he complained that for 30 years he had been advocating "a constructive policy on broad lines" but that this had not been taken up: "The doctrine of infallibility has always applied to the Treasury and the Bank of England". Boothby opposed free trade in food stuffs, and claimed that such a policy would invalidate the Agriculture Act 1947 and ruin British farmers. This economic liberalism of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Rab Butler, led to Boothby complaining that "The Tory Party have in fact become the Liberal Party" and cited what the leader of the Liberal Party (Clement Davies) had said to him about Butler: "Sir Robert Peel has come again." In response, Davies claimed that Boothby "has been sitting on the wrong side of the House for many years. Undoubtedly he said tonight that he is the planner of planners. I do not believe in that kind of planning. The hon. Member seems to know better than the ordinary person what is good for the ordinary person, what he ought to buy, where he ought to buy it, where he ought to manufacture and everything else of that kind. There is the true Socialist".


title: Robert Boothby, Baron Boothby

text: Boothby was a British delegate to the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe from 1949 until 1957 and advocated the United Kingdom's entry into the European Economic Community (a predecessor of the European Union). He was a prominent commentator on public affairs on radio and television, often taking part in the long-running BBC radio programme "Any Questions". He also advocated the virtues of herring as a food.


title: Robert Boothby, Baron Boothby

text: He was Vice-Chairman of the Committee on Economic Affairs, 1952–1956; Honorary President of the Scottish Chamber of Agriculture, 1934; Rector of the University of St Andrews, 1958–1961; Chairman of the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, 1961–1963; and President, Anglo-Israel Association, 1962–1975. He was awarded an Honorary LLD by St Andrews in 1959, and was made an Honorary Burgess of the Burghs of Peterhead, Fraserburgh, Turriff and Rosehearty. He was appointed an Officer of the Legion of Honour in 1950, and a KBE in 1953.


title: Robert Boothby, Baron Boothby

text: Boothby was raised to the peerage as a life peer with the title Baron Boothby, of Buchan and Rattray Head in the County of Aberdeen, on 22 August 1958.


title: Robert Boothby, Baron Boothby

text: He was the subject of "This Is Your Life" in October 1963, when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at BBC Television Centre.


title: Robert Boothby, Baron Boothby

text: During the 1950s, Boothby was a prominent advocate of decriminalizing homosexual acts between men. In his memoirs, he wrote that he was determined to "do something practical to remove the fear and misery in which many of our most gifted citizens were then compelled to live".


title: Robert Boothby, Baron Boothby

text: In December 1953, he sent a memorandum to David Maxwell Fyfe, then the Home Secretary, calling for the establishment of a departmental inquiry into homosexuality. He argued that:By attaching so fearful a stigma to homosexuality as such, you put a very large number of otherwise law-abiding and useful citizens on the other side of the fence which divides the good citizen from the bad. By making them feel that, instead of unfortunates they are social pariahs, you drive them into squalor – perhaps into crime; and produce that very "underground" which it is so clearly in the public interest to eradicate.Boothby premised his argument for law reform on the idea that it was the role of the state "not to punish psychological disorders – rather to try and cure them". He argued in the House of Commons that the law as it was did not "achieve the objective of all of us, which is to limit the incidence of homosexuality and to mitigate its evil effects".


title: Robert Boothby, Baron Boothby

text: After the Departmental Committee on Homosexual Offences and Prostitution recommended decriminalization in the Wolfenden Report of 1957, Boothby claimed that, through his correspondence with Fyfe, he had been "primarily responsible" for the committee's establishment.


title: Robert Boothby, Baron Boothby

text: Boothby had a colourful, if reasonably discreet, private life, mainly because the press refused to print what they knew of him, or were prevented from doing so. Woodrow Wyatt, whose reliability has been questioned, claimed after the death of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother that she had confided to him in an interview in 1991 that "The press knew all about it", referring to Boothby's affairs, and that she had described Boothby as "a bounder but not a cad".


title: Robert Boothby, Baron Boothby

text: From 1930, Boothby had a long affair with Lady Dorothy Macmillan, wife of the Conservative politician Harold Macmillan (prime minister from 1957 to 1963). He was rumoured to be the father of the youngest Macmillan daughter, Sarah, although the 2010 biography of Harold Macmillan by D. R. Thorpe discounts Boothby's paternity. This connection to Macmillan, via his wife, has been seen as one of the reasons why the police did not investigate the death of Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire, who died in the presence of suspected serial killer John Bodkin Adams. The duke was Lady Dorothy's brother, and it is thought the police were wary of drawing press attention to her while she was being unfaithful.


title: Robert Boothby, Baron Boothby

text: Boothby was married twice. His first wife (married 1935) was Diana Cavendish, daughter of Lord Richard Cavendish, and Lady Dorothy's first cousin; Boothby married her after concluding his relationship with the married Lady Dorothy to be "on the wane". He swiftly realised the marriage had been a mistake (it went on to be a source of long-lasting guilt feelings for him) and it was dissolved in 1937. Lady Dorothy died in 1966. The following year Boothby married Wanda Sanna, a Sardinian woman 33 years his junior. His second cousin, writer and broadcaster Sir Ludovic Kennedy, asserted that Boothby fathered at least three children by the wives of other men ("two by one woman, one by another").


title: Robert Boothby, Baron Boothby

text: Partly because of his support for homosexual law reform, Boothby was subject to public rumours about his sexuality, although he insisted publicly in 1954 that he was "not a homosexual". He did, however, comment that "sub-conscious bi-sexuality is a component part of all of us [and] the majority of males pass through a homosexual period". Whilst an undergraduate at Magdalen College, Oxford, Boothby earned the nickname 'the Palladium', because "he was twice nightly". He later spoke about the role of a speculated homosexual relationship in the drowning of his friend Michael Llewelyn Davies (one of the models for Peter Pan) and fellow Oxonian Rupert Buxton. In a Channel 4 documentary broadcast in 1997, it was claimed that he did not begin to have physical relationships with women until the age of 25.


title: Robert Boothby, Baron Boothby

text: In 1963, Boothby began an affair with East End cat burglar Leslie Holt (d. 1979), a younger man he met at a gambling club. Holt introduced him to the gangster Ronnie Kray, one of the Kray twins, who allegedly supplied Boothby with young men, and arranged orgies in Cedra Court (the apartment block in Hackney where the Kray twins lived), receiving favours from Boothby in return. When Boothby's underworld associations came to the attention of the "Sunday Express", the Conservative-supporting newspaper opted not to publish the damaging story. The matter was eventually reported in 1964 in the Labour-supporting "Sunday Mirror" tabloid, and the parties were subsequently named by the German magazine "Stern".


title: Robert Boothby, Baron Boothby

text: Boothby denied the story and threatened to sue the "Mirror". His close friend Tom Driberg—a senior Labour MP, and also homosexual—also associated with the Krays; hence, neither of the major political parties had an interest in publicity, and the newspaper's owner Cecil King came under pressure from the Labour leadership to drop the matter. The "Mirror" backed down, sacked its editor, apologised and paid Boothby £40,000 in an out-of-court settlement. Other newspapers became less willing to cover the Krays' criminal activities, which continued for three more years. The police investigation received no support from Scotland Yard, while Boothby embarrassed his fellow peers by campaigning on behalf of the Krays in the Lords, until their increasing violence made association impossible. It has been claimed that journalists who investigated Boothby were subjected to legal threats and break-ins, and that much of that suppression was directed by Arnold Goodman. Documents released in 2015 show that MI5 used the Kray twins to gather intelligence on homosexual politicians and establishment figures.


title: Robert Boothby, Baron Boothby

text: Boothby was a frequent visitor to Weimar Germany, and in 1932, he was invited to meet Hitler. In his autobiography, he recalls that Hitler "sprang to his feet, lifted his right arm, and shouted 'Hitler!'; ... I responded by clicking my heels together, raising my right arm, and shouting back: 'Boothby!'" Unlike some who were impressed by Hitler, Boothby came away thinking he had seen "the unmistakable glint of madness in his eyes," and the meeting helped convince him to become one of Churchill's small group of parliamentary campaigners for faster rearmament.


title: Robert Boothby, Baron Boothby

text: After his death from a heart attack in Westminster Hospital, London, aged 86, Boothby's ashes were scattered at Rattray Head near Crimond, Aberdeenshire, off the coast of his former constituency.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: Ronald Wayne Burkle (born November 12, 1952) is an American businessman. He is the co-founder and managing partner of The Yucaipa Companies, LLC, a private investment firm that specializes in U.S. companies in the distribution, logistics, food, retail, consumer, hospitality, entertainment, sports, and light industrial sectors.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: Yucaipa has executed grocery-chain mergers and acquisitions involving supermarket chains including Fred Meyer, Ralphs, and Jurgensen's, and once owned stakes in about 35 companies, including the grocery chains A&P and Whole Foods Market, before their respective demise and takeover.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: Burkle's net worth was estimated at US$2 billion in February 12, 2018. He had been ranked No. 633 on Forbes' list of "The Richest People on The Planet 2014."


title: Ronald Burkle

text: Ron Burkle was born on November 12, 1952, the elder of two sons, to Betty and Joseph Burkle in Pomona, California. Joseph worked seven days a week, managing a Stater Bros. grocery store in Pomona and investing his savings in apartment buildings. To see his father, Burkle stocked shelves in his father's store with bread and corralled shopping carts.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: By age 13, Burkle had joined United Food and Commercial Workers Union Local 770. At age 16, he graduated from high school and entered California State Polytechnic University, Pomona to study dentistry. Less than two years later, Burkle dropped out.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: At age 21, he married Janet Steeper, a Stater Bros. clerk and great-grandniece of the aviation pioneers, the Wright brothers. They had three children together. Burkle parlayed a $3,000 investment in American Silver and another metals company into $30,000 and began investing in and flipping undervalued grocery stores. He made at least one deal with the assistance of junk bond financier Michael Milken.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: Burkle was promoted to store manager at Stater Bros. and later became a vice president at Petrolane, Inc., Stater's parent company. When he was 29, Petrolane decided to sell Stater Bros. Burkle secretly organized a leveraged buyout with Charles Munger, vice-chairman of Berkshire Hathaway, who agreed to put up half of the equity. Burkle made his bid to Petrolane's board that was 20% lower than Petrolane's internal valuation. The board rejected Burkle's offer and fired him. Burkle's portfolio was by then worth some $5 million, and during the next five years, he continued to invest in stocks and oversaw his family's rental properties.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: In 1986, Burkle founded Yucaipa Companies, a private equity firm which invests in U.S. companies in the hospitality, sports, entertainment, logistics, food, consumer, light industrial, retail, manufacturing, and distribution.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: During the 1992 Los Angeles riots, Burkle refused to close his inner-city stores, a move for which he received praise.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: He has served as chairman of the board and controlling shareholder of numerous companies, including Alliance Entertainment, Golden State Foods, Dominick's, Fred Meyer, Ralphs, and Food4Less. He has been a corporate board member of the boards of Occidental Petroleum Corporation, KB Home, and Yahoo!


title: Ronald Burkle

text: Burkle is often seen as a businessman who maintains close relationships with labor unions and works with unions to solve business problems.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: Burkle is part owner of the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League, although his stake in the team is unknown. In 1999, he helped save the team by partnering with former Penguin Mario Lemieux to bring the team out of bankruptcy.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: Burkle's strong ties to union work also led him to be one of the owners helping Commissioner Gary Bettman negotiate an end to the 2012–13 NHL lockout.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: The Penguins, under the ownership of Burkle, are the only North American sports team with ties to private equity that has won a championship.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: On January 22, 2019, Burkle was announced as the new lead investor of soon-to-be Major League Soccer franchise, the Sacramento Republic FC.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: On February 26, 2021, Burkle announced that he was pulling out his interests in Major League Soccer expansion club in Sacramento due to the COVID-19 pandemic in California. This move placed Sacramento expansion hopes in doubt.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: In January 2021, Lisa Baird, the commissioner of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL), announced that an expansion team in Sacramento, led by Ron Burkle and in conjunction with Sacramento Republic FC's expansion bid into Major League Soccer, would join the NWSL in 2022. However, Burkle never confirmed the news publicly before exiting the Sacramento Republic's ownership group. Instead, on June 8, 2021, the NWSL announced San Diego as the location for an expansion team owned by Burkle, which began play as San Diego Wave FC in the 2022 NWSL season.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: Burkle has invested in technology startup companies through A-Grade Investments, a venture capital fund he founded with Ashton Kutcher and Guy Oseary. As of 2020, A-Grade's investment portfolio includes SeatGeek, SoundCloud, Uber, Warby Parker, Spotify, Foursquare, and Airbnb.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: He has also invested in technology startup companies through Inevitable Venture, a venture capital fund founded by D.A Wallach and Chris Hollod. Inevitable Ventures's investment include Picnic Health, 8i, Thrive Market, and Wiser Care.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: In January 2012, Burkle invested in Artist Group International, a concert-booking firm whose clients include Billy Joel, Metallica, and Rod Stewart. In March 2013, Burkle invested in a branded entertainment company, Three Lions Entertainment, which focuses on branded entertainment events and cross platform marketing. In 2014, he bought Artist Group International and, through the Paradigm Talent Agency, partnered with London's CODA Music Agency and X-ray Touring. That same year, Burkle acquired a minority stake in Independent Talent through Yucaipa fund.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: In 2018, Burkle's investment firm Yucaipa acquired a minority stake in the Spanish music festival Primavera Sound.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: Wild Oats Markets was an operator of natural foods stores and farmers' markets in North America. Burkle started buying Wild Oats stock in February 2005. By the time Whole Foods Market, a natural-foods grocer, agreed to pay $565 million for Wild Oats, Burkle was the largest shareholder of Wild Oats.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: Burkle sold his majority stake in supplier Golden State Foods to St. Louis-based Wetterau Associates for about $110 million. Golden State, one of McDonald's biggest suppliers, operates 11 distribution centers in the United States and abroad and two U.S. processing plants.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: In 2019, Burkle sold a 50% stake in the Sydell Group to MGM Resorts International. He maintains ownership stakes in a number of other hotel properties.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: Burkle has personally contributed millions of dollars to the Democratic Party and raised an estimated $100 million at celebrity-studded fundraising events he hosted for Democratic Party candidates at his Green Acres Estate in Beverly Hills, California. Burkle has hosted fundraisers for Bill and Hillary Clinton, John Kerry, Cory Booker, and Terry McAuliffe, as well as former Republican California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, among others.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: In January 2011, he hosted a fundraiser to support efforts to overturn Proposition 8, California's ban on same-sex marriage.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: In 2004, Burkle helped finance the launch of Al Gore's Current TV, which was sold in January 2013 to Qatar-based cable news channel Al Jazeera.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: During Bill Clinton's presidency, Burkle was a key fundraiser and they became close friends. In 2002, Burkle hired Clinton as a senior advisor on two Yucaipa domestic investment funds. Clinton invested in a Yucaipa global fund focused on foreign companies. In an interview with "The Wall Street Journal", then-U.S. Senator Hillary Clinton (D-NY) expressed concern that such investments could be used by foreign governments as "instruments of foreign policy."


title: Ronald Burkle

text: In 2009, Bill Clinton ended his relationship with Yucaipa due to potential conflicts of interest. Following "months" of negotiations, the two were not able to agree on a final payment for Clinton's advisory services, estimated at up to $20 million, and Clinton "walked away" from the potential payout.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: Burkle's honors and awards include the Los Angeles County, California Boy Scouts Jimmy Stewart "Good Turn" Award, the AIDS Project Los Angeles Commitment to Life Award, and the Los Angeles Urban League Whitney M. Young Award. He has received numerous honors and awards from labor including the AFL-CIO Murray Green Meany Kirkland Community Service Award and the Los Angeles County Federation of Labor Man of the Year.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: Burkle is founder and chairman of The Ronald W. Burkle Foundation. The foundation's stated mission is to "positively influence people around the world and their communities" by supporting programs that "strengthen international understanding, foster worker's rights, empower underserved communities, nurture the arts and architecture, engage children in learning and advance scientific research."


title: Ronald Burkle

text: Burkle serves as co-chairman of The Ronald W. Burkle Center for International Relations at UCLA, to promote "research on and promotes discussion of international relations, U.S. foreign policy, and complex issues of global cooperation and conflict." The Center has hosted UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, and former U.S. presidents Bill Clinton and Jimmy Carter.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: Burkle is a trustee of The Scripps Research Institute, The Carter Center, the National Urban League, Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy and AIDS Project Los Angeles. He is a past board member of the J. Paul Getty Trust, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Los Angeles Music Center, John F. Kennedy Center for Performing Arts, and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: Burkle hosts fundraising events for the non-profit Share Our Strength and its No Kid Hungry campaign, which focuses on helping end childhood hunger in the United States.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: Burkle is a fan of historic architecture. In 2011, he purchased the partially restored Ennis House, a Los Angeles landmark designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. In 2019, Burkle sold the house for $18 million. Burkle owns Greenacres, an estate built for Harold Lloyd. Burkle owns two of entertainer Bob Hope's properties, acquiring his John Lautner-designed Palm Springs home for $13 million in 2016 and Toluca Lake, CA home, originally designed by Richard Finkelhor in the 1930s and expanded in the 1950s by John Elgin Woolf, for $15 million in 2017.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: In December 2013, Burkle purchased an Olympic gold medal won by Jesse Owens at the 1936 Berlin Games for $1.4 million and owns William Faulkner's Nobel Prize for Literature.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: Burkle owns the Mediterranean-styled mansion overlooking the bluffs of Black's Beach on a nearly six-acre plot in the La Jolla Farms neighborhood of San Diego, California. It was purchased on February 5, 1999, for $15.3 million and the current tax assessment is $34 million.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: Burkle has worked with Novak Djokovic, world No.1 tennis player at the time, on strategic marketing and charitable initiatives.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: In December 2018, the Serbian Government opened a consulate in Montana and Burkle was named honorary consul of Serbia in the US. On account of that, he applied for Serbian citizenship, which Serbian Government accepted and he was formally naturalized on November 25, 2019, making him the third Serbian billionaire after Philip Zepter and Miroslav Mišković, according to Forbes' list.


title: Ronald Burkle

text: In December 2020, Burkle, a former family friend of Michael Jackson, purchased Jackson's former Neverland Ranch property for $22 million as a "land banking opportunity."


title: Ronald Burkle

text: In April 2006, Burkle accused "New York Post" columnist Jared Paul Stern of attempting to extort money from him in exchange for stopping the publication of stories in Page Six, the paper's gossip column, about his private life. He secretly videotaped two private meetings between himself and Stern, with the second meeting orchestrated and monitored by the FBI. Stern allegedly asked Burkle for a $220,000 investment in his clothing business in exchange for better coverage. Stern was subsequently fired by the "Post".


title: Ronald Burkle

text: On April 30, 2008, a Delaware judge dismissed Burkle's lawsuit against Raffaello Follieri, ex-boyfriend of actress Anne Hathaway, after Follieri agreed to repay $1.3 million Burkle loaned to him in the Vati-Con scandal. In 2018, Follieri, who was deported back to Italy in 2012 after serving years in prison for the scandal, stated that he and Burkle were once again on good terms and that Burkle was among the group of investors helping him acquire 50 percent in the Foggia Calcio soccer club in Southern Italy. Burkle’s lawyer, Tom Harvey, denied this to Page Six on January 3, 2018, saying: “Ron is not involved with Follieri. He’s not involved with the Foggia team. Follieri is just making this stuff up. There is absolutely zero chance that Ron would invest with Follieri, directly or indirectly.”


title: Ronald Burkle

text: Burkle took what were described as humanitarian trips to Africa with Bill Clinton on Epstein’s private Boeing 727, the Lolita Express. Following the Africa trip, Burkle reportedly returned home via a commercial jet, referring to Epstein as "creepy".


title: Remote work

text: Remote work, also called work from home (WFH), work from anywhere, telework, remote job, mobile work, and distance work is an employment arrangement in which employees do not commute to a central place of work, such as an office building, warehouse, or retail store. Instead, work can be accomplished in the home, such as in a study, a small office/home office and/or a telecentre. A company in which all workers perform remote work is known as a distributed company.


title: Remote work

text: In the early 1970s, technology was developed that linked satellite offices to downtown mainframes through dumb terminals using telephone lines as a network bridge. The terms "telecommuting" and "telework" were coined by Jack Nilles in 1973. In 1979, five IBM employees were allowed to work from home as an experiment. By 1983, the experiment was expanded to 2,000 people. By the early 1980s, branch offices and home workers were able to connect to organizational mainframes using personal computers and terminal emulators.


title: Remote work

text: In 1995, the motto that "work is something you do, not something you travel to" was coined. Variations of this motto include: "Work is what we do, not where we are." During the Information Age, many startups were founded in the houses of entrepreneurs who lacked financial resources.


title: Remote work

text: In 1996, the Home Work Convention, an International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention, was created to offer protection to workers who are employed in their own homes.


title: Remote work

text: Since the 1980s, the normalization of remote work has been on a steady incline. For example, the number of Americans working from home grew by 4 million from 2003 to 2006, and by 1983 academics were beginning to experiment with online conferencing.


title: Remote work

text: In the 1990s and 2000s, remote work became facilitated by technology such as collaborative software, virtual private networks, conference calling, videotelephony, internet access, cloud computing, voice over IP (VoIP), mobile telecommunications technology such as a Wi-Fi-equipped laptop or tablet computers, smartphones, and desktop computers, using software such as Zoom, Cisco Webex, Microsoft Teams, Google Meet, Slack, and WhatsApp.


title: Remote work

text: In his 1992 travelogue "Exploring the Internet", Carl Malamud described a "digital nomad" who "travels the world with a laptop, setting up FidoNet nodes." In 1993, Random House published the "Digital Nomad's Guide" series of guidebooks by Mitch Ratcliffe and Andrew Gore. The guidebooks, "PowerBook", "AT&T EO Personal Communicator", and "Newton's Law", used the term "digital nomad" to refer to the increased mobility and more powerful communication and productivity technologies that facilitated remote work.


title: Remote work

text: In 2010, the Telework Enhancement Act of 2010 required each Executive agency in the United States to establish policy allowing remote work to the maximum extent possible, so long as employee performance is not diminished.


title: Remote work

text: During the COVID-19 pandemic, millions of workers began remote work for the first time. Cities in which the population of remote workers increased significantly were referred to as Zoom towns.


title: Remote work

text: According to a Gallup poll in September 2021, 45% of full-time U.S. employees worked from home, including 25% who worked from home all of the time and 20% who worked from home part of the time.


title: Remote work

text: In 2020, 12.3% of employed persons, including 13.2% of women and 11.5% of men, in the European Union who were aged 15–64, usually worked from home. By country, the percentage of workers that worked from home was highest in Finland (25.1%), Luxembourg (23.1%), Ireland (21.5%), Austria (18.1%), and the Netherlands (17.8%) and lowest in Bulgaria (1.2%), Romania (2.5%), Croatia (3.1%), Hungary (3.6%), and Latvia (4.5%).


title: Remote work

text: In 2021, in the US 91% of people who work from home said they would like to continue to work remotely in the future. In Gallup's September 2021 study, 54% of workers said they believed that their company's culture would be unchanged by remote work, while 12% believed it would improve and 33% predicted it would deteriorate.


title: Remote work

text: According to the United States Office of Personnel Management, in fiscal 2020, 50% of all U.S. federal workers were eligible to work remotely and agencies saved more than $180 million because of remote work in fiscal 2020.


title: Remote work

text: Remote work can reduce costs for organizations, including the cost of office space and related expenses such as parking, computer equipment, furniture, office supplies, lighting and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. Certain employee expenses, such as office expenses, can be shifted to the remote worker, although this is the subject of lawsuits.


title: Remote work

text: Remote work also reduces costs for the worker such as costs of travel/commuting and clothing. It also allows for the possibility of living in a cheaper area than that of the office.


title: Remote work

text: Consistent with job characteristic theory (1976), an increase in autonomy and feedback for employees leads to higher work motivation, satisfaction with personal growth opportunities, general job satisfaction, higher job performance, and lower absenteeism and turnover. Autonomy increased remote workers' satisfaction by reducing work-family conflicts, especially when workers were allowed to work outside traditional work hours and be more flexible for family purposes. Autonomy was the reason for an increase in employee engagement when the amount of time spent remote working increased. Remote workers have more flexibility and can shift work to different times of day and different locations to maximize their performance. The autonomy of remote work allows for arrangement of work to reduce work-family conflict and conflicts with recreational activities. However, studies also show that autonomy must be balanced with high levels of discipline if a healthy work/leisure balance is to be maintained.


title: Remote work

text: Remote work may make it easier for workers to balance their work responsibilities with their personal life and family roles such as caring for children or elderly parents. Remote work improves efficiency by reducing travel time, and reduces commuting time and time stuck in traffic congestion, improving quality of life.


title: Remote work

text: Providing the option to work remotely or adopting a hybrid work schedule has been an incentivizing benefit companies used in new hiring.


title: Remote work

text: Hybrid is a flexible work model that allows employees to split their time between working in the office and working from home.


title: Remote work

text: A 2007 meta-analysis of 46 studies of remote work involving 12,833 employees conducted by Ravi Gajendran and David A. Harrison in the "Journal of Applied Psychology", published by the American Psychological Association (APA), found that remote work has largely positive effects on employees' job satisfaction, perceived autonomy, stress levels, manager-rated job performance, and (lower) work-family conflict, and lower turnover intention.


title: Remote work

text: Most studies find that remote work overall results in: a decrease in energy use due to less time spent on energy-intensive personal transportation, cleaner air, and a reduction of electricity usage due to a lower office space footprint.


title: Remote work

text: During the COVID-19 lockdowns, the increase in remote work led to a decrease in global CO emissions. Partially due to the decrease in car commuting, carbon emissions dropped by 5.4%, however emissions immediately increased to the same rate in the following year.


title: Remote work

text: The increase in remote work had also led to people moving out of cities and into larger homes which catered for home office space.


title: Remote work

text: Remote work has long been promoted as a way to substantially increase employee productivity. A 2013 study showed a 13% increase in productivity among remotely working call-center employees at a Chinese travel agency. An analysis of data collected through March 2021 found that nearly six out of 10 workers reported being more productive working from home than they expected to be, compared with 14% who said they got less done.


title: Remote work

text: Since work hours are less regulated in remote work, employee effort and dedication are far more likely to be measured purely in terms of output or results. However, traces of non-productive work activities (such as: research, self-training, dealing with technical problems or equipment failures), and time lost on unsuccessful attempts (such as: early drafts, fruitless endeavors, abortive innovations), are visible to employers.


title: Remote work

text: Remote work improves efficiency by reducing or eliminating employees commute time, thus increasing their availability to work. In addition, remote work also helps employees achieve a better work-life balance.


title: Remote work

text: An increase in productivity is also supported by sociotechnical systems (STS) theory (1951), which states that, unless absolutely essential, there should be minimal specification of objectives and how to do tasks in order to avoid inhibiting options or effective actions. Remote work provides workers with the freedom and power to decide how and when to do their tasks and therefore can increase productivity.


title: Remote work

text: At least 50% of employers believe remote work reduces absenteeism. About 56% of employee have reduced absences and use less than 50% of fewer sick days. Overall 75% of employees indicate they have a better work life balance.


title: Remote work

text: Turnover intention, or the desire to leave an organization, is lower for remote workers. Remote workers who experienced greater professional isolation actually had lower turnover intention.


title: Remote work

text: A 2017 study showed that companies that offered remote work options experienced a 25% lower turnover rate.


title: Remote work

text: Surveys by FlexJobs found that 81% of respondents said they would be more loyal to their employers if they had flexible work options. In a 2021 study by McKinsey & Company, more than half of the workers supported companies adopting a hybrid work model, and more than a quarter stated that they would consider switching jobs if their current employer eliminated remote work options.


title: Remote work

text: A 2021 employee survey report preferring a more flexible working model. During the COVID-19 pandemic the working model showed the amount of employees who are working fully on site is 62%, with 30% Hybrid and 8% remote. Post COVID-19 pandemic working models changed with the amount of employees who were fully on site is 37%, with 52% Hybrid and 11% are remote.


title: Remote work

text: Remote workers may have the opportunity to relocate to another city or state for potential job opportunities and or lower cost of living. A 2020 survey found that 2.4% of people or 4.9 million Americans say they have moved because of remote work in 2020.


title: Remote work

text: The technology to communicate is not advanced enough to replicate face-to-face office interactions. Room for mistakes and miscommunication can increase. According to media richness theory (1986), face-to-face interactions provide the capacity to process rich information: ambiguous issues can be clarified, immediate feedback can be provided, and there is personalized communication (e.g. body language, tone of voice).


title: Remote work

text: Remote work requires the use of various types of media to communicate, such as videotelephony, telephone, and email, which have drawbacks such as time lags, or ease of deciphering emotions and can reduce the speed and ease at which decisions are made. Asynchronous communication tends to be more difficult to manage and requires much greater coordination than synchronous communication. A phenomenon of "Zoom fatigue" has set in with amount of video meetings popularized by remote working. There have been four causes identified: The size of the faces on the screen and amount of eye contact required, looking at yourself during the video call is tiring, remaining still during the video call to stay in the screen, and communicating without gestures and non-verbal cues.


title: Remote work

text: In a 2012 study, 54% of remote workers thought they lost out on social interaction and 52.5% felt they lost out on professional interaction.


title: Remote work

text: Remote working can hurt working relationships between remote workers and their coworkers, especially if their coworkers do not work remotely. Coworkers who do not work remotely can feel resentful and jealous because they may consider it unfair if they are not allowed to work remotely as well. Remote workers miss out on in person companionship and do not benefit from on-site perks.


title: Remote work

text: Adaptive structuration theory studies variations in organizations as new technologies are introduced Adaptive structural theory proposes that structures (general rules and resources offered by the technology) can differ from structuration (how people actually use these rules and resources). There is an interplay between the intended use of technology and the way that people use the technology. Remote work provides a social structure that enables and constrains certain interactions. For instance, in office settings, the norm may be to interact with others face-to-face. To accomplish interpersonal exchange in remote work, other forms of interaction need to be used. AST suggests that when technologies are used over time, the rules and resources for social interactions will change. Remote work may alter traditional work practices, such as switching from primarily face-to-face communication to electronic communication.


title: Remote work

text: Sharing information within an organization and teams can become more challenging when working remotely. While in the office, teams naturally share information and knowledge when they meet each other, for example, during coffee breaks. Sharing information requires more effort and proactive action when random-encounters do not happen. The sharing of tacit information also often takes place in unplanned situations where employees follow the activities of more experienced team members.


title: Remote work

text: With remote work, it may also be difficult to obtain timely information, unless the regular sharing of information is taken care of separately. The situation where team members don't know enough about what others are doing can lead them to make worse decisions or slow down decision-making.


title: Remote work

text: From an anthropological perspective, remote work can interfere with the process of sensemaking, the forging of consensus or of a common worldview, which involves absorbing a wide range of signals.


title: Remote work

text: Feedback increases employees' knowledge of results. Feedback refers to the degree that an individual receives direct and clear information about his or her performance related to work activities. Feedback is particularly important so that the employees continuously learn about how they are performing. Electronic communication provides fewer cues for remote workers and thus, they may have more difficulties interpreting and gaining information, and subsequently, receiving feedback. When a worker is not in the office, there is limited information and greater ambiguity, such as in assignments and expectations. Role ambiguity, when situations have unclear expectations as to what the worker is to do, may result in greater conflict, frustration, and exhaustion. In other studies regarding Job Characteristics Theory, job feedback seemed to have the strongest relationship with overall job satisfaction compared to other job characteristics. While remote working, communication is not as immediate or rich as face-to-face interactions. Less feedback when remote working is associated with lower job engagement. Thus, when perceived supervisor support and relationship quality between leaders and remote workers decreases, job satisfaction of the remote worker decreases. The importance of manager communication with remote workers is made clear in a study that found that individuals have lower job satisfaction when their managers remote work. The clarity, speed of response, richness of the communication, frequency, and quality of the feedback are often reduced when managers remote work. Although the level of communication may decrease for remote workers, satisfaction with this level of communication can be higher for those who are more tenured and have functional instead of social relationships or those that have certain personalities and temperaments.


title: Remote work

text: Social information processing suggests that individuals give meaning to job characteristics. Individuals have the ability to construct their own perception of the environment by interpreting social cues. This social information comes from overt statements from coworkers, cognitive evaluations of the job or task dimensions, and previous behaviors. This social context can affect individuals' beliefs about the nature of the job, the expectations for individual behavior, and the potential consequences of behavior, especially in uncertain situations. In remote work, there are fewer social cues because social exchange and personalized communication takes longer to process in computer-mediated communication than face-to-face interactions.