title: Greg Puciato

text: Puciato has recorded guest vocals on several songs: "The Feast" by Genghis Tron (2008), "The Pledge" by A Static Lullaby (2008), "The Marvelous Slut" by Every Time I Die (2009), "Rise of the Fallen" by Soulfly (2010), "Year In/Year Out" by Architects (2011), "The Mighty Masturbator" by Devin Townsend (2011), "Exit Wound" by Mixhell (2012), "Monster Within" by Suicide Silence (2014), "Torches" by Lamb of God (2015) and "Everyone Dies and Nothing Goes On" by Jesse Draxler (2020). He has on occasion joined Soulfly and Devin Townsend on stage to sing his parts. The collaboration between Puciato and Townsend came about in February 2011, after both being Tweeted by a fan expressing interest in seeing them work together.


title: Greg Puciato

text: He contributed a remix of the song "Bad Fall" on the 2009 Prong remix album "Power of the Damn Mixxxer".


title: Greg Puciato

text: In January 2015, Puciato appeared as a murderer in the Retox video "Let's Not Keep in Touch", in which he chases and kills Retox guitar player Michael Crain with a baseball bat, before dumping him out of a van which frontman Justin Pearson is driving. In December 2016, Puciato appeared as a dancing shadow figure in the Drab Majesty video "39 By Design".


title: Greg Puciato

text: He and the Dillinger Escape Plan repeatedly joined the stage with Nine Inch Nails during their 2009 Wave Goodbye Tour in North America, and in Australia (both with the Dillinger Escape Plan, and solo, performing the songs "Wish" and "Mr. Self Destruct"). On November 19–20, 2009, as part of the Chi Cheng benefit show at the Avalon Hollywood, he sang the Deftones songs "Passenger" and "Hexagram", both with Chino Moreno, as well as the Metallica classic "Battery" alongside members of Deftones, Metallica, System of a Down and Children of Bodom. He performed "Passenger" again most nights on the 2011 Deftones/Dillinger Escape Plan North American tour. On May 4, 2015, Puciato and Andrew Kline of Strife were invited on stage by Cavalera Conspiracy in Los Angeles for a cover of "Pay to Cum" by the Bad Brains.


title: Greg Puciato

text: On February 12, 2019, the singer released a book of poetry and photography titled "Separate the Dawn", through Federal Prisoner. The book was done during the Dillinger Escape Plan's last tour and its release date marked the second anniversary of their accident in Poland, where a car collided with the band's tour bus near the town of Radomsko. The members were not seriously hurt, but they "narrowly survived"; the incident had a major psychological impact on Puciato. The initial 1000 hardcover copies of "Separate the Dawn" were followed by a second pressing of 200, each selling out within four days.


title: Greg Puciato

text: On December 6 and 7, 2019, Puciato, along with former Dillinger drummer Gil Sharone and film composer Tyler Bates, joined Jerry Cantrell of Alice in Chains for two full shows of Alice In Chains songs and Jerry Cantrell solo material. The sold-out concerts were Cantrell's first solo concerts since 2004. That line-up, along with bassist George Adrian, would go on to tour North America and Europe with Cantrell throughout the Spring and Summer of 2022.


title: Greg Puciato

text: According to "The Range Place", Puciato has a Verdi baritone voice type and, as of August 2016, his recorded vocal range spans from A1 to C6, reaching 4 octaves, 3 notes. In addition to his range, reviewers have highlighted his versatility, which may encompass diverse styles in a single song, and unusual harmonization; both characteristics display features more akin to other genres than to heavy metal. His techniques cover crooning, screaming and, as stated by Ultimate Guitar, "so many different noises and sounds that don't even present themselves as human", comparing him with a "computer". The Dillinger Escape Plan music tended to demand heavier vocal timbres from Puciato, but "PopMatters" remarked that his "singing voice was so powerful, it came as a shock to startle ear drums when present." Others have described it as "rubbery-yet-vulnerable", possessing an "adenoidal quality" and often employing a "come-hither falsetto". Regarding his harsh vocals, journalist Calum McMillan singles out the rare "variation in tone and control" he attains, while "MetalSucks" calls it "surprisingly-well-enunciated" and "unmistakable ... to just blend in with metal's interchangeable screamers". Chris Corfield at "Dawsons.co.uk" considers Puciato one of the best examples of a singer who masters all heavy metal's various vocal styles.


title: Greg Puciato

text: Although primarily known as a singer, Puciato started out as a guitarist and still plays it today. He is also a film score and video game music fan, and, as of 2005, Puciato had created several programmed pieces and instrumentals with his bandmate Chris Pennie, and until 2008 with musician John LaMacchia, but since then he has focused on his traditional writing ability.


title: Greg Puciato

text: As regards his influences, Puciato stated, "everything I've ever liked I sort of make a mental impression of. A song or soundtrack or moment from a movie, or the way an entire movie feels, or simply the way an actor feels, the way a writer feels." He describes them as cumulative and not always musical, trying "to find a way [of expressing them] through me vocally." When he was a child, the performance of singers Mike Patton in "The Real Thing", Les Claypool in "Frizzle Fry", H.R. in "I Against I", and Chuck Mosley in "We Care a Lot" deeply influenced him. He would later cite Faith No More's Mike Patton and Bad Brains's H.R. as his biggest inspirations when growing up, who "opened my eyes a lot to what could be done with the voice overtop of heavy music." Furthermore, R&B singer Maxwell was a major influence on Puciato's falsetto, and Death's Chuck Schuldiner, especially his album "Symbolic", on his death growl technique.


title: Greg Puciato

text: Other prominent influences include "Loveless" by My Bloody Valentine; soul and R&B vocalists Seal, Russell Thompkins Jr., Sade, 1998 album "Embrya" by Maxwell, Rick James song "Fire and Desire", and Carl Anderson's "Heaven on Their Minds" from "Jesus Christ Superstar"; Mazzy Star frontwoman Hope Sandoval; and film director Stanley Kubrick.


title: Greg Puciato

text: Puciato claims that from age two he remembered the cadence of different actors from films and could mimic some, distinguished different instruments in a song, and also remembered the rhythms of things like washers, dryers and turn signals, in addition to manifesting signs of hyperlexia. He "couldn’t get enough of words or sounds" and he believes that those traits, along with his ADD, predisposed his inclination to music and performance.


title: Greg Puciato

text: Puciato is a self-taught musician and, starting as a teen, he recorded himself on an eight-track recorder for many years, analyzing his vocal performances, trying to improve them and integrate the styles of singers he admired into his own, as well as practiced scales and exercises.


title: Greg Puciato

text: In 2008, he called himself an "idiot" for no longer taking proper care of his voice while touring with the Dillinger Escape Plan and, as of 2013, his only training was singing other people's songs in increasing pitches. This was due to the band's hectic touring schedule (by 2013 Puciato had never missed a show) and their aim to self-manage it: the singer was entirely in charge of choosing their garments and mail orders between tours until the early 2010s, which left him time to solely focus on songwriting. After the Dillinger Escape Plan broke up, Puciato considered himself "lucky" to only have suffered temporary damage in his vocal cords throughout their career.


title: Greg Puciato

text: Puciato follows the same approach in writing for the Black Queen, characterized by moody synths and electronics, and the Dillinger Escape Plan, featuring dissonant, complex rhythms and abrupt changes, despite the stylistic disparity of both bands. Detailing his vocal composition and recording processes, Puciato stated, "I don't leave anything out of the realm of possibility when it comes to vocal style, as far as getting what I want. I'm more interested in capturing or amplifying the emotion of the song". He tends to seek the "big picture" of his pieces under development instead of going through them detail by detail; the latter is a common procedure used by some of his musical partners and Puciato believes that both methods balance out the "flipside of their [respective] strengths". Before composing many songs, he usually listens to their instrumentals hundreds of times, in different environments, immersing himself in their structures until a "breakthrough" happens, usually involving a short verse, and then his writing naturally progresses.


title: Greg Puciato

text: Puciato writes poems and prose independently of his music, and all of them are to varying degrees autobiographical, putting as much emphasis on the patterns and melodies of the songs as on their lyrics, and discarding those which "mean nothing" to him. Typically employing various figures of speech, "PopMatters" described Puciato as a "brilliant storyteller, always bringing the listener into the atmosphere of the song", and his lines "wash over you like an emotion — maybe you can't pinpoint its exact meaning or origin, but you know it's "there"", opined "MetalSucks". Coincidentally, Puciato said that the context of his lyrics may be only understood by his closest friends, but he tries to "give their [emotional] source to the listener without it becoming too indecipherable or compromised along the way [of creating the music]." In his first years with the Dillinger Escape Plan, he oftentimes drew verses from his personal writing to make a song, focusing on phrasings and phonemes that fitted the songs' rhythms or moods instead of their literal meanings. However, he has since stopped "dissecting [his poems] and then trying to squeeze them into thoughts", choosing instead to create a distinct narrative for each of them.


title: Greg Puciato

text: Puciato normally records vocals as soon as he pens lyrics in order to crystallize the emotional significance which, in that period, the words had for him. In this context, he once described himself as a "self-abusive perfectionist" because of his proclivity for repeating vocal takes numerous times, to the point of exhaustion, until he was either stopped by his companions or physically unable to continue.


title: Greg Puciato

text: Concerning his choruses and use of melodies, Puciato states that most of his favorites come to his mind without much labor, describing the intersections of good melodies and meaningful lyrics as if they came "from the ether ... as hippie as that may sound."


title: Greg Puciato

text: Stage performances by Puciato, particularly as a member of the Dillinger Escape Plan, were noted for their reckless, chaotic nature. The band was already known for its shows, but the addition of the singer in 2001 led to their most infamous performances. Commenting on his athletic physique and destructive antics, "Invisible Oranges" stated, "There have been plenty of imposing physiques in heavy music, but few have weaponized their body the way that Puciato has. ... He treats his body like a battering ram, using it to crash against walls of other humans." The site went on to say that "Puciato is the perfect physical embodiment of the Dillinger Escape Plan's music. [Ben] Weinman smashes his guitar. Puciato smashes himself." The concerts caused him both cumulative and direct injuries, and a news site commented in 2013: "Thankfully, Mr. Puciato has not, as of this writing, actually killed himself while [performing]".


title: Greg Puciato

text: During his first years with the band, Puciato kept blowing fire, in the same way as his predecessor Dimitri Minakakis, and started to light their drums on fire, to run rapidly from the stage onto the heads of the crowd, or to climb through them, as well as invited the audiences to the stage. Despite claiming to be afraid of heights, hallmarks of his shows included climbing balconies, PA systems or lighting rigs, to then jump off some of them. In the beginning he and his bandmates often smashed their gear, threw it to the crowd, and destroyed the venues' equipment at which they played. In 2005, the singer said that, during their first years, conflicts with security guards were common for him because one of them was either "being an asshole to a kid" or accidentally hit by a piece of equipment thrown from the stage. These stunts continuously led the Dillinger Escape Plan to be banned-and reinstated-by venues.


title: Greg Puciato

text: When asked about his rehearsal schedule, Puciato said that the performances are "completely improvised. I just want to be as pure and in the moment as possible vocally and physically… to me it's about trying to transcend and reach the purest part of the moment and live in that completely for the whole performance." Puciato later resented that several fans were "frightened" of him due to their perception of him.


title: Greg Puciato

text: Following the disbandment of the Dillinger Escape Plan in December 2017, Puciato started intensive cardio routines in order to, among other things, avoid experiencing "chemical tour withdrawal" due to "expel[ling] a small nuclear reactor's worth of energy ... [after] 17 years [of being] nearly every night on tour".


title: Greg Puciato

text: On his first live show with Dillinger, a heckler who asked for Minakakis was hit with a monitor thrown from the stage. A few shows afterward, Puciato's face was hit by a guitar, shattering a tooth and requiring emergency dentistry. During a 2002 show supporting System of a Down in Europe, audience members taunted the band and hurled chicken at them, which the singer picked up and ate. At their June 22, 2002 performance at Krazy Fest 5 at Louisville Waterfront Park in Louisville, Kentucky, Puciato set their guitar cabinets on fire, threw them into the Ohio River and leaped off into the water, unaware that the undertow could have pulled him deep beneath the surface and consequently drowned him.


title: Greg Puciato

text: At the 2002 edition of the Reading Festival in the United Kingdom, Puciato defecated onstage, put it into a bag, and threw it into the crowd before smearing the rest onto himself, proclaiming "This is a bag of shit, I just wanted to show you this so you'll recognize it later on throughout the day" referring to other bands that would appear that day of the festival, particularly Puddle of Mudd and Hoobastank. The act caused much controversy and had the Dillinger Escape Plan on the verge of being banned in the UK. Upon returning to Reading in 2016, Puciato played the opening song "Prancer" sitting on an onstage couch reading a newspaper and drinking tea.


title: Greg Puciato

text: On June 10, 2006, the Dillinger Escape Plan played in Fredericksburg, Virginia in front of a hostile audience and a spectator stole James Love's guitar, leading Puciato to chase him from the stage to the parking lot where the robber got into his car, ran over the singer's foot and a member of Cattle Decapitation tossed a hammer through his windshield, yet he managed to flee.


title: Greg Puciato

text: At the Los Angeles House of Blues, opening for Cavalera Conspiracy in 2008, Puciato jumped into the VIP section and threw a chair to a security guard who was "roughing up" a fan, giving rise to a near-riot, the audience beginning to throw objects and the other guards trying to drag the singer off the stage for the rest of their set. The event ended up with six police cars arriving at the place and, by 2011, Dillinger had been still barred from that chain of venues across the country. When they were reinstated to perform at House of Blues, headlining the 2013 Summer Slaughter Tour, the show was guarded by police but there were still two people knocked out in a mosh pit.


title: Greg Puciato

text: Fascinated with DIY culture and tape trading, Puciato has worked without the assistance of record labels or marketing professionals since the 2016 album "Fever Daydream", and, since 2018, he has done so with visual artist Jesse Draxler on the two-man independent label Federal Prisoner, where they have performed or learned the different operations associated with releasing music by themselves. Puciato believes that it is essential for artists to keep a "personal connection to everything" related to their projects for as long as they can, including the non-musical aspects (merchandise, videos, audience interaction and operational tasks), as well as to avoid "the equivalent of a prolonged summer camp for as long as you can before you have to go into the real world." While critical of major labels, he said that they are "not [entirely] just a bunch of capitalists" and that among them still are people with "strong passion for growing artistic culture and individuality", and that, in the best case-scenario, they are capable of "nurturing you and supporting you", but he could no longer separate the creative process from the non-creative ones.


title: Greg Puciato

text: Since the Dillinger Escape Plan broke up in December 2017, Puciato has only released limited editions of his records and products, such as his book, as he had already done with the first Black Queen album. In line with this he has gone "down the rabbit hole" on creating different variants for each limited vinyl and cassette tape that he has made. This undertaking was partially a reaction to his experiences with some people in the music industry, whose major focuses were on the number of copies they sold or involving themselves in large labels or brands to gain prestige, objective which Puciato sees as tampering the creative authenticity of artists. In 2018, he elaborated: Puciato's fixed interest in limitation was also inspired by his discovery and purchase of a 1987 first pressing of Soundgarden's debut release "Screaming Life", which was limited to 500 copies and became a cherished record to Puciato after Chris Cornell's death, and the 8-track bootleg "Live at Slim's" by Melvins, that only had 100 copies. He has also avoided doing unnecessary advertisements or "constantly be forcing conversation" for his upcoming projects, and uses social media scantily in this aspect. For example, 2019's "Separate the Dawn" was announced just a month before the release date and without special events.


title: Greg Puciato

text: The singer is opposed to illegal downloading, especially concerning underground artists who struggle to maintain a career, and he emphasizes that the convenience of buying music through Internet has left "no excuse for bankrupting a scene or band you're into anymore." The 2010 Dillinger Escape Plan song "Good Neighbor" deals with this topic. On the other hand, he has also remarked that the timesaving benefits of using Internet are "incredibly valuable" and override its drawbacks as long as it is tapped into creatively by artists. As a consequence he has refused to launch crowdfunding campaigns, e.g. via Kickstarter or other platforms, for any of his projects, believing that doing so is creatively and morally "weak."


title: Greg Puciato

text: Puciato moved to Los Angeles, California around 2009. He cited his discomfort with the cold weather of the American East Coast as the main reason.


title: Greg Puciato

text: Puciato is a voracious reader and has taken several online courses at California State University, Long Beach amidst his career, including classes on psychology, sociology and economy. Besides songwriting, he writes poems and prose "all the time" and has a copious amount of texts unreleased. Journalist Andrew Parks at "Self-titled" considered "unfortunate" that the singer's live presence or public remarks diverted these aspects of his personality away from Puciato's public image - a sentiment later echoed by the frontman.


title: Greg Puciato

text: The singer's athletic body has drawn the attention of media and fans. Puciato started working out at fifteen because he saw it as a healthy hobby besides music and "just kept going with ... [because] it kinda kept me out of a lot of trouble - I mean, I don't really drink or do drugs or anything like that. So it's like what else do you do?" In a 2010 interview with ESPN, Puciato revealed that he had considered becoming a professional bodybuilder, but ultimately changed his mind because of his dissatisfaction with that industry. By 2018, he had reduced his weightlifting sessions drastically and in turn shifted them into many forms of aerobic exercises, which was preceded by a reassessment of his motives behind training. That year, he claimed to be probably in the best condition of his life.


title: Greg Puciato

text: For the most part, Puciato has avoided addressing his personal and family relationships in order to respect their privacy. In 2012, it was reported that he was romantically linked to former pornographic actress Jenna Haze. After this surfaced, the singer expressed uneasiness yet thought that it was "somewhat unavoidable" due to their public profiles at the time.


title: Greg Puciato

text: In 2013, the singer was diagnosed with attention deficit disorder and subsequently treated it. Puciato was relieved to have finally identified it because, until then, he did not understand several of his personal traits such as hyperfocus and a deficiency in short-term memory when performing music-related activities, as well as a distortion in time perception. He has dealt with anxiety, panic attacks, agoraphobia, depression and other mental health issues as well. In an extensive 2018 interview with "Kerrang!", Puciato opened up about his inner struggles with the intention of helping people who are going through similar situations.


title: Greg Puciato

text: Prior to recording 2007's "Ire Works" by the Dillinger Escape Plan, Puciato and bassist Liam Wilson set to break the world record for the Cannonball Run Challenge in the singer's car, from their homes in the Northeast Coast to their recording studio in California. On his first shift, Puciato drove twenty-two hours straight and received speeding tickets in three states worth hundreds of dollars. When they arrived and eventually finished the album, Puciato left his car there before returning to Baltimore and was later jailed amidst a Dillinger tour due to forgetting to pay a fine.


title: Greg Puciato

text: On July 23, 2010, Puciato's death was faked by bandmates Ben Weinman and Liam Wilson, when they posted on their Twitter accounts that the singer had passed in his sleep. Shortly after their Warped Tour set on that day, Every Time I Die vocalist Keith Buckley debunked the rumor, tweeting, "If Greg Puciato is dead, then his corpse just played a great set on mainstage today."


title: Greg Puciato

text: In January 2012, the singer ended up with the assistance of emergency units after ingesting hallucinogenic mushrooms mixed with other substances, which had caused what he described as "something in between a near-death experience and a near-out-of-body experience."


title: Greg Puciato

text: In early 2015, all of Puciato's personal belongings were stolen while he was relocating to a new place.


title: Greg Puciato

text: In addition to his music and stage shows, Puciato is known for his outspokenness. Several of his statements on social media and interviews became headlines.


title: Greg Puciato

text: Puciato has expressed more affinity for the progressive-leaning ethics of punk and hardcore than those of heavy metal. He has been critical of both organized religion and mainstream politics, and of the relationship between the two, and has been consistently supportive of LGBT rights, criticizing homophobia in heavy metal subculture, releasing a shirt in support of LGBT rights with the Dillinger Escape Plan, and also debuting a video from the Black Queen on "Out" magazine website.


title: Greg Puciato

text: In 2018, Puciato explained that he has a "really big gag reflex" for artists who are not genuine with their audiences or who compromise themselves to profit. He does not view the relationship between artists and fans as hierarchical, and in 2016 explained: "I mainly feel acutely aware of wanting to connect with people [through art], to reach from your innermost abstract being to theirs, a direct line, as a person and not a thing or a product, and to never treat people as below you just because they appreciate what you do or pay to see you." Especially during his tenure with the Dillinger Escape Plan, Puciato was outspoken on his opinions about other musicians, criticizing, among others, Puddle of Mudd, Fall Out Boy, and Jared Leto of Thirty Seconds to Mars, referring to the latter's transition from actor to rock musician as a "revolting shtick" and said that he "makes Fred Durst seem like Jim Morrison." His diatribes against Leto and Fall Out Boy came about after he discovered that they would headline festivals in which Slayer and the Melvins, and Judas Priest, respectively, would also play, describing those situations as "disgraceful."


title: Greg Puciato

text: In 2006, the members of the Dillinger Escape Plan and Avenged Sevenfold interchanged several insults and taunts, with the Dillinger page ending up parodying Avenged Sevenfold's use of stage names; its members' new names stood as G. Piranha (Puciato), Blaster Master Weinman (Ben Weinman), Bullwhip Benoit (Brian Benoit), Corpsefucker Pennie (Chris Pennie) and Leafeater Wilson (Liam Wilson). According to Puciato, he began making negative remarks about the band following the 2003 Take Action Tour, where Avenged Sevenfold supported the Dillinger Escape Plan, in which, as stated by him, their members took in provisions from Dillinger's catering table without asking them or introducing themselves.


title: Greg Puciato

text: In 2010, Puciato referred to Animals as Leaders as his "favorite instrumental metal band ever! ... [Their style is] refreshing. Usually virtuosity and boring go hand in hand, but this is a perfect marriage of soul-feeling with absurdly proficient guitar playing." Shortly after listening to them, he approached the band with the idea of a joint tour with Dillinger which came about in March of that year. He has called Prurient "one of the handful of people I've met who feel like true kindred spirits" and expressed "absolute respect" for Converge and their "artistic integrity." He also named Discordance Axis' "The Inalienable Dreamless" "probably my favorite grindcore album of all time", expressed admiration for Neurosis, "The Köln Concert" by Keith Jarrett, and the production work of the 1980s Janet Jackson albums.


title: Greg Puciato

text: In a 2013 interview, Puciato said that he does not "have a filter" on his statements, live performances and songs' lyrics, and in the past he thought that this "was a plus". He claims that this led his social media to become a "distraction" and distorted their original intention, which was to have a closer relationship with his fans. Eventually, he closed them all in late 2012, including Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. He returned to Instagram in 2021, opening a page with over 900 posts already on it, dating back to 2015.


title: Greg Puciato

text: In the December 2007 issue of "Revolver", Puciato was voted one of the "37 greatest metal frontmen" of all time. A 2009 list made by the head director and editors of Roadrunner Records included Puciato among the "50 Greatest Metal Frontmen of All Time" (excluding artists from Roadrunner). In 2013 he was named number one by MetalSucks in their listing of "top 25 modern metal frontmen". The site proclaimed: "[Puciato] is the personification of talent and anger and sadness and fuck-youness that draws people to metal and hardcore in the first place. There'll never be another just like him. He is the only one." In 2015, Uproxx ranked him at No. 17 on "The 20 Most Dynamic, Chaotic, Entertaining Frontmen and Frontwomen of All-Time". In 2018, "Loudwire" placed him 9th in their listing of the "Top 30 frontmen + frontwomen of the 21st century".


title: Greg Puciato

text: Several authors have named Puciato among the greatest harsh vocalists in hardcore punk and metal, one of the best contemporary vocalists in popular music, as well as one of the most versatile singers in rock.


title: Greg Puciato

text: The Bled frontman James Muñoz said that he "wanted to quit singing" after listening to "Option Paralysis", "but that always happens when [he] listens to [the Dillinger Escape Plan] albums." Some musicians have also praised Puciato after collaborating with him: Max Cavalera from Sepultura said that their joint composition of Soulfly's "Rise of the Fallen" made it "one of the most exciting songs I've been part of in my career" and in 2017 went on to call Puciato "the best frontman of the last twenty years. Hands down." Upon hearing the vocals that Puciato recorded for his song "The Mighty Masturbator", Devin Townsend remarked: "Ladies and Gentlemen, Greg Puciato just tore me a new asshole. Fucking hell… AWESOME!"


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: Elaine Sandra-Lee Thompson-Herah OD (née Thompson; born June 28, 1992) is a Jamaican sprinter who competes in the 60 metres, 100 metres and 200 metres. Regarded as one of the greatest sprinters of all time, she is a five-time Olympic champion, the fastest woman alive over the 100 m, and the third-fastest ever over 200 m.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: Thompson-Herah is the first female sprinter in history, and the second sprinter after Usain Bolt, to win the "sprint double" at consecutive Olympics, capturing 100 m and 200 m gold at the 2016 Rio Olympics and again at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. A six-time Olympic medallist, she rose to prominence at the 2015 World Athletics Championships, winning a silver in the 200 m. At the Rio Olympics, she became the first woman since Florence Griffith-Joyner in 1988 to win 100 m and 200 m gold at the Olympics.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: After the Rio Olympics, Thompson-Herah was plagued by an Achilles Tendon injury, which affected her performance at the 2017 World Athletics Championships and the 2019 World Athletics Championships. However, she returned to the top of athletics at the Tokyo Olympics, retaining her 100 m title in a new Olympic record of 10.61 seconds, and her 200 m title in a new personal best and national record of 21.53 s. After winning a third gold medal in the 4 × 100 m relay, she became the third sprinter after Griffith-Joyner and Bolt to complete an Olympic sprinting triple.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: In her first post-Tokyo Olympic race she set another 100 m personal best, Jamaican and Diamond League record of 10.54 s, becoming the first woman to break the 40 km/h barrier, then ran times of 10.64 s and 10.65 s. For her season she was voted Laureus Sportswoman of the Year, and World Athletics World Female Athlete of the Year. One of the most dominant sprinters in the world, she is the 100 m 2019 Pan American Games champion and a three-time Diamond League winner.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: Thompson is a native of Banana Ground in Manchester Parish, Jamaica. Running for Christiana High School and later Manchester High School, she was a good but not outstanding scholastic sprinter; her best result at the Jamaican ISSA Grace Kennedy Boys and Girls Championships came in 2009, when she placed fourth in the Class Two 100 metres in 12.01 seconds. In 2011, her final year at Manchester High, she was left off the track team for disciplinary reasons.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: After high school, Thompson was recruited to the University of Technology, Jamaica by Paul Francis, brother of MVP Track Club head coach Stephen Francis. With MVP coaching, her times started improving steadily.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: In 2013, she clocked a seasonal best of 11.41s at the Gibson Replays and placed second behind Carrie Russell at the Jamaican Intercollegiate Championships. At the Central American and Caribbean Championships in Morelia, she won gold in the 4 × 100 metres relay, running the first leg on the Jamaican team as it won in 43.58s.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: In 2014, Thompson won her first intercollegiate title, placed fifth in 11.26 s at the national championships, and had a seasonal best of 11.17 s. She represented Jamaica at the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, running in the 4 × 100 metres relay heats; Jamaica won their heat in 42.44 s, and went on to win gold in the final with Thompson-Herah not in the line-up.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: Thompson made her international breakthrough in 2015. She repeated as Jamaican intercollegiate champion in March and broke 11 seconds for the first time at the UTech Classic on 11 April, running a world-leading 10.92 s. She ran 10.97 s at the Jamaica International Invitational in Kingston, defeating a field that included Blessing Okagbare and Allyson Felix. At the Pre Classic in Eugene, she was narrowly beaten by English Gardner in the B-race as both were timed in 10.84 s; as of 27 July 2015, this was Thompson's personal best in the 100m and ranked her 30th on the world all-time list.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: She was expected to run the 100 metres at the Jamaican National Championships, which doubled as trials for the 2015 World Championships in Beijing; however, her coach Stephen Francis pulled her from that event and instead had her concentrate on the 200 metres, in which she had set a personal best of 22.37 s in May. The move generated controversy in Jamaica; Francis stated that Thompson was not ready to double and that she had been prepared for the 200 m in which her main weakness, the start, would not play as large a role. She won the national 200m title in 22.51s, qualifying for the World Championships.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: At the London Grand Prix on 25 July, Thompson won a non-scoring Diamond League 200 m race in 22.10 s, defeating Americans Tori Bowie and Candyce McGrone; the time was her new personal best and broke Merlene Ottey's meeting record from 1991.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: At the Beijing World Championships, she won a silver medal, just 0.03 s behind Dafne Schippers of Netherlands. Thompson's time of 21.66 s was faster than the previous championships record but 0.03s slower than Schippers. Fellow Jamaican Veronica Campbell Brown was third in 21.97 s.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: Thompson kicked off her season indoors running multiple 60m races. At the 2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships she would go on to win a bronze medal in the 60m final. She would end her indoor season with a 60m personal best of 7.04 seconds.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: On 1 July, she set a personal best in the 100 m with a time of 10.70 s (tying the Jamaican national record held by Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce) winning the event at the Jamaican Championships. She did not advance to the semifinals in the 200 m running only a 23.34 s. However, Thompson was given a medical exemption in the 200m which gave her the opportunity to chase the double in Rio.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: In the 100m final of the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Thompson won the gold medal with a time of 10.71 s, ahead of Tori Bowie (10.83 s), and the 2008 Beijing Olympics and 2012 London Olympics winner, fellow Jamaican, Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (10.86 s).


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: In the 200m final, she won her second gold, clocking 21.78 s; Dafne Schippers placed second in 21.88 s and Tori Bowie third in 22.15 s.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: She was the first female Jamaican sprinter to win the 100 m and 200 m at one Olympic Games and the seventh overall. She also ran in the national relay team which placed second, thus leaving Rio de Janeiro with three medals.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: In this season, Thompson took her first Diamond League title (100 m) winning four 100 m races, one 200 m race and also a relay race.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: On the 18th February, Thompson lined up for the 60m at Birmingham Indoor Grand Prix, the final meeting in the 2017 IAAF World Indoor Tour. She would go on to run a personal best of 6.98s making her at the time the tied 7th fastest woman over 60 metres and at the time one of eight to break the 7 second barrier over the distance


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: In April, Thompson was in the team which won a gold medal in the 4 × 200 metres relay at the World Relays, setting competition and national record with a time of 1m 29.04s.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: From this point on, Thompson would develop an Achilles Tendon injury that would continue to plague her over the next few years. This injury would cause sub-par results for the future.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: She competed in the 100 m at the 2017 London World Championships, placing fifth with at time of 10.98 s. In 2017, she became, for the second time, 100 m Diamond League champion winning six 100 m races, one 200 m race, and also a relay race.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: In 2018 Thompson would go on to compete in the 2018 IAAF World Indoor Championships where she would finish fourth in the 60m final with a time of 7.08s. In the semifinals she would set a season’s best of 7.07s.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: Later on in the year Thompson would represent Jamaica at the 2018 Commonwealth Games where she would finish fourth in the 200m with a time of 22.30s. She would come back for the 4x100 meters relay final where she would get a silver medal in a time of 42.52 seconds.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: The following year, Thompson would be a part of Jamaica’s team at the 2019 IAAF World Relays where she received a bronze medal in the 4 × 200 metres relay after running a time of 1:33.21 seconds.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: She would then go on to race at the 2019 Pan American Games where she won gold over the 100 meters with a time of 11.17 seconds.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: At the 2019 World Championships in Doha, she finished fourth in the 100 m running 10.93 s. Thompson-Herah achieved a time of 22.61 s in the 200 m heats, qualifying for the semifinals, but she did not start due to her Achilles tendon injury.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: In 2020, Thompson-Herah ran seven 100m races and achieved times under 11 seconds in five of them, with a season-best of 10.85 s (10.73s with illegal wind). She won two Diamond League meets which were staged as one-off events due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the 200m, her season best was 22.19 s.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: In June, at the Jamaican Championships, she placed third in both her disciplines, with times of 10.84 s and 22.02 s respectively, qualifying in the both events for the delayed 2020 Tokyo Olympics. On 6 July, she achieved a time of 10.71 s in the 100 m to defeat Fraser-Pryce and win the Continental Tour's Székesfehérvár Memorial in Hungary with a meet record. It was her fastest time since 2017, and just 0.01 s off her personal best.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: At the Tokyo Games, 29-year-old Thompson-Herah placed first in the women's 100 metres final, winning a gold medal as fellow Jamaican athletes Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce and Shericka Jackson received silver and bronze medals, respectively. Running into an 0.6 m/s headwind, she achieved the joint second-fastest time in history of 10.61 seconds, setting both the Jamaican record and the Olympic record, breaking Florence Griffith Joyner's mark of 10.62 s set at the 1988 Seoul Olympics. Thompson-Herah ran a top speed of 39.7 km/h, the fastest speed ever achieved by a female sprinter. The previous top speed was from Griffith-Joyner who reached 39.1 km/h in 1988. Competing at her longer distance, she first equalled her personal best of 21.66 s in the semifinals. In the final, she won the gold medal with a new lifetime best of 21.53 seconds, also the then-second-fastest result in history. In addition, she was a part of 4 x 100 m relay team which won the competition in the third-fastest ever time and a new national record to regain a title last won by Jamaica at the 2004 Athens Games.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: In her first post-Olympic race on 21 August, competing at the Prefontaine Classic in Eugene, Thompson-Herah stormed to the 100 m victory with a new career best of 10.54 seconds, the second-fastest time in women's history and only 0.05 s off the world record. She became the first woman to break the 40 km/h barrier. At the Lausanne Athletissima meet, she placed second in the event in 10.64 s, behind Fraser-Pryce who powered to her new lifetime best of 10.60 s, recording however, the fastest runner-up time in history. She concluded her very successful season with wins, refreshing meet records at both the Meeting de Paris and Weltklasse Zürich Diamond League's final with times of 10.72 s and 10.65 s respectively to take her third Diamond Trophy.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: As of the end of the season, Thompson-Herah held four records in the all-time top 10 marks women's statistics. She was the first woman to hold more than three marks in the 100 m (four), and the first woman to hold more than two marks in the 200 m (three). She was also the first woman to run more than three legal times under 10.70 seconds (four), and the first woman to achieve more than two legal times under 21.70 seconds (three), respectively.


title: Elaine Thompson-Herah

text: For her history-making season, Thompson-Herah received World Athletics' World Female Athlete of the Year award, was named Best Female Athlete of the Year by the International Sports Press Association (529 journalists from 114 countries), Female Athlete of the Year by the North American, Central American and Caribbean Athletic Association, Athlete of the Year by "Track & Field News", and Jamaican Person of the Year by the Best of Jamaica, among many other accolades.


title: Citroën C3

text: The Citroën C3 is a supermini car (B-segment) produced by Citroën since April 2002. It replaced the Citroën Saxo in the model line up, and is currently in its third generation. The third generation model made its appearance in June 2016, and went on sale in January 2017.


title: Citroën C3

text: It is produced in a five-door hatchback body style, with the first generation also being produced in a two-door convertible version, called the C3 Pluriel. A three-door hatchback, with a similar design as the second generation, marketed as a premium model, was available as the DS3.


title: Citroën C3

text: A mini MPV version of the C3 was announced in July 2008, called the C3 Picasso, and was unveiled at the 2008 Paris Motor Show. In South America, a mini SUV version, called the C3 Aircross, was produced and marketed only locally. In October 2014, the Citroën C3 was awarded most efficient small cars, with the premium car DS 3.


title: Citroën C3

text: In September 2021, a separate model was introduced with the C3 nameplate for the Indian and South American markets bearing the "CC21" internal codename. During its introduction, Citroën CEO Vincent Cobée mentioned that the "C3" is the trade name for all Citroën B-segment hatchbacks around the world.


title: Citroën C3

text: After Jean-Pierre Ploué was appointed Director of the Citroën Design Center in 2000, he designed the C3 under the leadership of Donato Coco, who was already responsible for Citroën Xsara Picasso.


title: Citroën C3

text: The first generation of the C3 was launched at the 2001 Frankfurt Motor Show, as well as the 2001 Bologna Motor Show, and began marketing in January 2002, as a five-door hatchback. It was available with 1.1, 1.4 and 1.6 litre petrol engines, and 1.4 and 1.6 litre common rail diesel engines.


title: Citroën C3

text: All models came as standard with a five speed manual transmission, except for the Stop & Start model, which came with the "SensoDrive" gearbox, a five-speed automated manual transmission with paddle-shifters and "manual" and "automatic" modes. The top level was the only version that had the option of a four-speed hydraulic automatic transmission.


title: Citroën C3

text: In accordance with the PSA Group policy, the C3's chassis was used for the Peugeot 1007 and the Peugeot 207. Many components of the C3 are the same as those of the Peugeot 206. Some versions of the C3 feature a start-stop system that can automatically cut the engine when not needed to save fuel, such as in traffic, and restart it briskly to move on again. The vehicle was loosely styled after the Citroen 2CV.


title: Citroën C3

text: The Citroën C3 Lumiere was a concept car that previewed the production Citroën C3, it was initially released in 1998 as a five-door hatchback, with four seats and rear suicide doors for easy access for passengers to the rear seats. It featured a five-speed manual transmission, and a 1.1 L TU1 I4 petrol engine upfront.


title: Citroën C3

text: The C3 in its standard European configuration received 4 stars for adult occupants and 2 stars for pedestrians from Euro NCAP in 2002.


title: Citroën C3

text: The C3 was given a redesign in October 2005, with the front end featuring a more imposing bumper, wider lower air intake, single air intake slit below the restyled radiator grille, and a repositioned number plate. The rear of the car was also given redesigned light clusters, with crystal coloured midsections.


title: Citroën C3

text: The passenger compartment was also enhanced, with the fitting of a restyled dashboard with a high-quality finish, as well as a newer, more modern instrument cluster making the driver information easier to read.


title: Citroën C3

text: The addition of light metallic grey embellishers around the central section of the fascia and air vents contributed to the updated interior, as did the completely redesigned front and rear door panels and trims. The steering was also improved so that it weights up with speed. Citroën also added a new 1.6 L 16 valve HDi diesel engine to the range, rated at . The Pluriel also received similar interior alterations but was otherwise unchanged.


title: Citroën C3

text: As with the Peugeot 206+ and Renault Clio Campus, Citroën didn't yet end the original C3 despite the new generation arrival. It stayed offered on selected European markets. During Autumn 2009, the brand announces the first-gen C3 will be marketed under a new name : Citroën C3 Génération. However, a few weeks later, the name is changed to Citroën C3 Classic. This name is used in France but also in other countries like Greece or Italy. Various names are used across Europe like C3 Hit Classic (Belgium), C3 First (UK, Germany) or C3 First+ (Switzerland). The first-gen C3 has been manufactured in Spain until 2010, in France until Summer 2011 and sold across Europe until February 2011.


title: Citroën C3

text: Citroën marketed the C3 Pluriel from 2003 to 2010 as a convertible with five open top variations, hence the name. Pluriel is a cognate with the English "plural". This model was exclusively assembled in Spain.


title: Citroën C3

text: The Pluriel can be configured as a hatchback with a multi-layer insulated top; a full-length landaulet, operable partially or to the back window or any stage in between, with a buffet minimizing wind deflector over the windshield; a fixed profile convertible, with the roof open to the back window, the roof assembly folds into a well in the trunk floor; a full convertible where roof side rails are unlatched and removed. and as a roadster pick up, where the back seats fold to a pickup like a bed with a drop-down tailgate.


title: Citroën C3

text: The C3 Pluriel was introduced in July 2003, and was originally offered with a choice of a 1.4 or a 1.6 L petrol engine, and a 1.4 L diesel engine. The 1.6 L petrol came fitted, as standard, with an automated manual gearbox. The Pluriel was withdrawn in July 2010.


title: Citroën C3

text: In October 2013, "Top Gear Magazine" placed the C3 Pluriel on its list of "The 13 worst cars of the last 20 years", describing the car as "useful as a chocolate teapot."


title: Citroën C3

text: First-gen C3 has been manufactured in Porto Real PSA plant from 2003 to August 2012. This version was sold locally and also exported to other Mercosur markets. The South-American C3 significantly differentiated itself from its European counterpart in 2008 when it got a facelift, including exclusive front bumpers.


title: Citroën C3

text: The second generation of the C3 was revealed in June 2009, and made its official debut at the Frankfurt Motor Show in September 2009. It features a new body design, with a 108 degree field of vision windscreen, similar to the one of the larger C4 Picasso, which is available on all versions, except the entry model VT.


title: Citroën C3

text: The new C3 builds on the curvy profile of the previous model and has a look in keeping with other Citroën models and the older C3, although it is longer and wider than the old model. The lights at the front, bonnet, dashboard assembly, and other components are shared with the DS3.


title: Citroën C3

text: On the new C3, the instrumentation is a mix of analogue dials beneath a styled cowl and a digital display for the fuel and trip computer. There is no temperature gauge (unlike the DS3), but a red and blue warning lamp to show hot or cold engines which come on as required. The drag coefficient is 0.307 "C".


title: Citroën C3

text: In engineering terms, the PSA TU powerplants are carried over from the old car and Citroën also announced a new range of small petrol engines that PSA Peugeot Citroën developed in partnership with BMW. These "Prince" engines have double overhead 16 valve camshaft, on-demand oil and water pumps, and BMW's patent injection and ignition technology.


title: Citroën C3

text: They are designed for low emissions and for good performance and economy. The economy was improved by the standard-fit cruise control and speed limiter available on the VTR+, Airdream+, and Exclusive models.


title: Citroën C3

text: All versions have a standard fit "Gear Efficiency Indicator" which graphically states what gear to be in and when to change up to optimise economy. They come in 1.4 95 bhp and 1.6 120 hp versions with low emissions, as well as new diesel engines, all with emissions of under 120 g/km, plus an "Airdream+" model with 99 g/km using a new 1.6 HDI engine.


title: Citroën C3

text: The New C3 was presented at the Frankfurt Motor Show in September 2009. It was launched in November 2009, as a 2010 model. Across Europe, the advertising slogan was known as "The Visiospace", playing on the merit of the large windscreen and the improved vision afforded.


title: Citroën C3

text: Launched at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2013, the C3 hatchback was revised to featuring updated exterior and interior, and more efficient engines. The C3 facelift comes with updated chevrons and bumper-mounted LED daytime running lights at the front and new tail light clusters combined with new reflectors set underneath the rear bumper.


title: Citroën C3

text: The C3 in its most basic Latin American configuration received 4 stars for adult occupants and 2 stars for toddlers from Latin NCAP in 2015.


title: Citroën C3

text: There are four trim levels in the C3 range, which range from the entry-level VT (which does not have the panoramic windscreen), the mid-range VTR+ and eco-efficient "Airdream+" (which has lower emissions) to the top of the range Exclusive, which has half cloth half Alcantara seats, extra chrome outside, alloy wheels, an alarm, folding mirrors, and power windows all around.


title: Citroën C3

text: Trim levels are denoted by a small badge on the rear window frame on the VT/VTR+ and Airdream+ and by a small chrome badge on each front door on Exclusive models. Norev has produced a 1:43 scale model of the new Citroën C3 in Botticelli Blue, Metallic Green, and black.


title: Citroën C3

text: The official pictures of the new C3 were revealed on 29 June 2016. The C3 takes front styling cues from the facelifted Citroën C4 Picasso, as well as the Grand C4 Picasso. It receives optional side Airbump mouldings as used on the Citroën C4 Cactus.


title: Citroën C3

text: The new C3 is offered with a choice of nine exterior colours, and three contrast shades that appear on the roof, foglight trims, side mirrors, and Airbump surrounds. Citroën claims the range will offer a total of 36 different colour combinations.


title: Citroën C3

text: The restyled version was revealed in February 2020. The main evolutions are on the front and on the headlights with new LED's. There are two new colors, "Spring Blue" and "Rouge Elixir", and two new interior atmospheres called "Techwood" and "Emeraude".


title: Mother Nature

text: Mother Nature (sometimes known as Mother Earth or the Earth Mother) is a personification of nature that focuses on the life-giving and nurturing aspects of nature by embodying it, in the form of the mother.


title: Mother Nature

text: The word "nature" comes from the Latin word, ""natura"", meaning birth or character (see nature (philosophy)). In English, its first recorded use (in the sense of the entirety of the phenomena of the world) was in 1266. "Natura" and the personification of Mother Nature were widely popular in the Middle Ages. As a concept, seated between the properly divine and the human, it can be traced to Ancient Greece, though Earth (or ""Eorthe"" in the Old English period) may have been personified as a goddess. The Norse also had a goddess called Jörð ("Jord", or "Erth").


title: Mother Nature

text: The earliest written usage is in Mycenaean Greek: "Ma-ka" (transliterated as "ma-ga"), "Mother Gaia", written in Linear B syllabic script (13th or 12th century BC). In Greece, the pre-Socratic philosophers had "invented" nature when they abstracted the entirety of phenomena of the world as singular: "physis", and this was inherited by Aristotle. Later medieval Christian thinkers did not see nature as inclusive of everything, but thought that she had been created by God; her place lay on earth, below the unchanging heavens and moon. Nature lay somewhere in the center, with agents above her (angels), and below her (demons and hell). For the medieval mind she was only a personification, not a goddess.


title: Mother Nature

text: In Greek mythology, Persephone, daughter of Demeter (goddess of the harvest), was abducted by Hades (god of the dead), and taken to the underworld as his queen. Demeter was so distraught that no crops would grow and the "entire human race [would] have perished of cruel, biting hunger if Zeus had not been concerned" (Larousse 152). Zeus forced Hades to return Persephone to her mother, but while in the underworld, Persephone had eaten pomegranate seeds, the food of the dead and thus, she must spend part of each year with Hades in the underworld. Demeter's grief for her daughter in the realm of the dead, is reflected in the barren winter months and her joy when Persephone returns is reflected in the bountiful summer months


title: Mother Nature

text: Roman Epicurean poet Lucretius opens his didactic poem "De rerum natura" by addressing Venus as a veritable mother of nature. Lucretius uses Venus as "a personified symbol for the generative aspect of nature". This largely has to do with the nature of Lucretius' work, which presents a nontheistic understanding of the world that eschews superstition


title: Mother Nature

text: Amalur (sometimes Ama Lur or Ama Lurra) was the goddess of the earth in the religion of the ancient Basque people. She was the mother of Ekhi, the sun, and Ilazki, the moon. Her name means "mother earth" or "mother land"; the 1968 Basque documentary "Ama lur" was a celebration of the Basque countryside.


title: Mother Nature

text: Algonquian legend says that "beneath the clouds lives the Earth-Mother from whom is derived the Water of Life, who at her bosom feeds plants, animals and human" (Larousse 428). She is otherwise known as Nokomis, the Grandmother.


title: Mother Nature

text: In Inca mythology, "Mama Pacha" or "Pachamama" is a fertility goddess who presides over planting and harvesting. Pachamama is usually translated as "Mother Earth" but a more literal translation would be "Mother Universe" (in Aymara and Quechua mama = mother / pacha = world, space-time or the universe). Pachamama and her husband, Inti, are the most benevolent deities and are worshiped in parts of the Andean mountain ranges (stretching from present day Ecuador to Chile and Argentina).


title: Mother Nature

text: In her book "Coateteleco, pueblo indígena de pescadores" ("Coatetelco, indigenous fishing town", Cuernavaca, Morelos: Vettoretti, 2015), Teódula Alemán Cleto states, "En nuestra cultura prehispánica el respeto y la fe a nuestra madre naturaleza fueron primordiales para vivir en plena armonía como seres humanos." ("In our [Mexican] prehispanic culture, respect and faith in our Mother Nature (emphasis added) were paramount to living in full harmony as human beings.")


title: Mother Nature

text: In the Mainland Southeast Asian countries of Cambodia, Laos and Thailand, earth (terra firma) is personified as Phra Mae Thorani, but her role in Buddhist mythology differs considerably from that of Mother Nature. In the Malay Archipelago, that role is filled by Dewi Sri, "The Rice-mother in the East Indies".


title: Fleetwood Mac (1968 album)

text: Fleetwood Mac, also known as Peter Green's Fleetwood Mac, is the debut studio album by British blues rock band Fleetwood Mac, released on 24 February 1968. The album is a mixture of blues covers and originals penned by guitarists Peter Green and Jeremy Spencer, who also share the vocal duties. It is the only album by the band without any involvement of keyboardist/vocalist Christine McVie.


title: Fleetwood Mac (1968 album)

text: The release of the album brought the band overnight success; in the UK, the album reached No. 4 and stayed on the charts 37 weeks, despite the lack of a hit single. The album barely made the charts in the US, reaching No. 198. Even though the album has sold over a million copies in the UK, it has never received a certification there. As of June 2015, the album has sold over 150,000 copies in the US.


title: Fleetwood Mac (1968 album)

text: On 19 April 1967, John Mayall, the frontman of John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers, gave his bandmate Peter Green free studio time at Decca Studios in West Hampstead, London, to use as he wished. Four songs came out of the recording sessions, one of them being an instrumental called "Fleetwood Mac", named after the rhythm section, Mick Fleetwood and John McVie. The other three songs recorded that day were "First Train Home", "Looking for Somebody" and "No Place to Go". After the session, Green approached Fleetwood and McVie with the idea of forming a new band. While Fleetwood, who had been fired from The Bluesbreakers, was willing to join immediately, McVie was hesitant. Green advertised in "Melody Maker" for a temporary bassist in the hope that McVie would eventually join as a full-time member. Bob Brunning answered the ad and was told the band would play at the Windsor Jazz & Blues Festival in a month.


title: Fleetwood Mac (1968 album)

text: While searching for new bands to add to the Blue Horizon roster, producer Mike Vernon came across a demo tape of the Levi Set Blues Set, a band formed by guitarist Jeremy Spencer. After Vernon played Green a demo tape of the band to showcase Spencer's guitar playing, Green travelled to a Levi Set gig in Lichfield where he successfully recruited Spencer for Fleetwood Mac.


title: Fleetwood Mac (1968 album)

text: By the time of the Windsor Festival, Green had already gained recognition for replacing guitarist Eric Clapton in John Mayall's Bluesbreakers, which helped boost the band's profile. Shortly after Fleetwood Mac's live debut, McVie left the Bluesbreakers following Mayall's decision to add a horn section to the lineup. McVie subsequently joined Fleetwood Mac, replacing Brunning.


title: Fleetwood Mac (1968 album)

text: The album sold well in the UK, reaching number four on the British charts. Upon release, Barry Gifford (writing for Rolling Stone) praised the album, and described it as "potent enough to make the South Side of Chicago take notice".


title: Fleetwood Mac (1968 album)

text: Modern attitudes to the album are also largely positive, and many critics argue the album is one of the highlights of the British blues bloom. TeamRock describes it as a "marvellous debut that established the group as the best British blues band of the day". Writing for "Ultimate Classic Rock", Nick DeRiso described the album as a "stellar debut" and "maybe the best album from the British blues boom". He also ranked it as the 4th greatest Fleetwood Mac album. The Telegraph has described the album as a "classic sixties London 12-bar blues rock debut", while also calling it "raw, physical, high spirited and blessed with the exceptional playing of Peter Green". The Encyclopedia of Popular Music describes the album as "seminal".


title: Fleetwood Mac (1968 album)

text: "ThoughtCo." described the album as an " inspired mix of blues covers", and placed it in the top 10 "The Best Blues-Rock Albums of the 1960s". "Guitarist" (UK magazine) placed the album in "101 Essential Guitar Albums", and John Tobler considered the album to be one of the "100 Great Albums of the 60s".


title: Simon Magus

text: Simon Magus (Greek Σίμων ὁ μάγος, Latin: Simon Magus), also known as Simon the Sorcerer or Simon the Magician, was a religious figure whose confrontation with Peter is recorded in Acts . The act of simony, or paying for position, is named after Simon who tried to buy his way into the power of the Apostles.


title: Simon Magus

text: According to Acts, Simon was a Samaritan magus or religious figure of the 1st century AD and a convert to Christianity, baptised by Philip the Evangelist. Simon later clashed with Peter. Accounts of Simon by writers of the second century exist, but are not considered verifiable. Surviving traditions about Simon appear in orthodox texts, such as those of Irenaeus, Justin Martyr, Hippolytus, and Epiphanius, where he is often described as the founder of Gnosticism, which has been accepted by some modern scholars, while others reject that he was a Gnostic, just designated as one by the Church Fathers.


title: Simon Magus

text: Justin, who was himself a 2nd-century native of Samaria, wrote that nearly all the Samaritans in his time were adherents of a certain Simon of Gitta, a village not far from Flavia Neapolis. Irenaeus held him as being the founder of the sect of the Simonians. Hippolytus quotes from a work he attributes to Simon or his followers the Simonians, "Apophasis Megale", or "Great Declaration". According to the early church heresiologists, Simon is also supposed to have written several lost treatises, two of which bear the titles "The Four Quarters of the World" and "The Sermons of the Refuter".


title: Simon Magus

text: In apocryphal works including the "Acts of Peter", Pseudo-Clementines, and the "Epistle of the Apostles", Simon also appears as a formidable sorcerer with the ability to levitate and fly at will. He is sometimes referred to as "the Bad Samaritan" due to his malevolent character. The "Apostolic Constitutions" also accuses him of "lawlessness" (antinomianism).


title: Simon Magus

text: The canonical Acts of the Apostles features a short narrative about Simon Magus; this is his only appearance in the New Testament.


title: Simon Magus

text: Josephus mentions a magician named [Atomus] (Simon in Latin manuscripts) as being involved with the procurator Felix, King Agrippa II and his sister Drusilla, where Felix has Simon convince Drusilla to marry him instead of the man she was engaged to. Some scholars have considered the two to be identical, although this is not generally accepted, as the Simon of Josephus is a Jew rather than a Samaritan.


title: Simon Magus

text: Justin Martyr (in his "Apologies", and in a lost work against heresies, which Irenaeus used as his main source) and Irenaeus ("Adversus Haereses") record that after being cast out by the Apostles, Simon Magus came to Rome where, having joined to himself a profligate woman of the name of Helen, he gave out that it was he who appeared among the Jews as the Son, in Samaria as the Father and among other nations as the Holy Spirit. He performed such signs by magic acts during the reign of Claudius that he was regarded as a god and honored with a statue on the island in the Tiber which the two bridges cross, with the inscription "Simoni Deo Sancto", "To Simon the Holy God" (). However, in the 16th century, a statue was unearthed on the island in question, inscribed to Semo Sancus, a Sabine deity, leading some scholars to believe that Justin Martyr confused "Semoni Sancus" with Simon.


title: Simon Magus

text: Justin and Irenaeus are the first to recount the myth of Simon and Helen, which became the center of Simonian doctrine. Epiphanius of Salamis also makes Simon speak in the first person in several places in his "Panarion", and the implication is that he is quoting from a version of it, though perhaps not verbatim.


title: Simon Magus

text: As described by Epiphanius, in the beginning God had his first thought, his "Ennoia", which was female, and that thought was to create the angels. The First Thought then descended into the lower regions and created the angels. But the angels rebelled against her out of jealousy and created the world as her prison, imprisoning her in a female body. Thereafter, she was reincarnated many times, each time being shamed. Her many reincarnations included Helen of Troy, among others, and she finally was reincarnated as Helen, a slave and prostitute in the Phoenician city of Tyre. God then descended in the form of Simon Magus, to rescue his "Ennoia", and to confer salvation upon men through knowledge of himself.


title: Simon Magus

text: For as the angels were mismanaging the world, owing to their individual lust for rule, he had come to set things straight, and had descended under a changed form, likening himself to the Principalities and Powers through whom he passed, so that among men he appeared as a man, though he was not a man, and was thought to have suffered in Judaea, though he had not suffered.


title: Simon Magus

text: But the prophets had delivered their prophecies under the inspiration of the world-creating angels: wherefore those who had their hope in him and in Helen minded them no more, and, as being free, did what they pleased; for men were saved according to his grace, but not according to just works. For works were not just by nature, but only by convention, in accordance with the enactments of the world-creating angels, who by precepts of this kind sought to bring men into slavery. Wherefore he promised that the world should be dissolved, and that those who were his should be freed from the dominion of the world-creators.


title: Simon Magus

text: In this account of Simon there is a large portion common to almost all forms of Gnostic myths, together with something special to this form. They have in common the place in the work of creation assigned to the female principle, the conception of the Deity; the ignorance of the rulers of this lower world with regard to the Supreme Power; the descent of the female (Sophia) into the lower regions, and her inability to return. Special to the Simonian tale is the identification of Simon himself with the Supreme, and of his consort Helena with the female principle.


title: Simon Magus

text: In "Philosophumena", Hippolytus retells the narrative on Simon written by Irenaeus (who in his turn based it on the lost "Syntagma" of Justin). Upon the story of "the lost sheep," Hippolytus comments as follows:


title: Simon Magus

text: Also, Hippolytus demonstrates acquaintance with the folk tradition on Simon which depicts him rather as a magician than Gnostic, and in constant conflict with Peter (also present in the apocrypha and Pseudo-Clementine literature). Reduced to despair by the curse laid upon him by Peter in the Acts, Simon soon abjured the faith and embarked on the career of a sorcerer:


title: Simon Magus

text: Hippolytus gives a much more doctrinally detailed account of Simonianism, including a system of divine emanations and interpretations of the Old Testament, with extensive quotations from the "Apophasis Megale". Some believe that Hippolytus' account is of a later, more developed form of Simonianism, and that the original doctrines of the group were simpler, close to the account given by Justin Martyr and Irenaeus (this account however is also included in Hippolytus' work).


title: Simon Magus

text: Hippolytus says the free love doctrine was held by them in its purest form, and speaks in language similar to that of Irenaeus about the variety of magic arts practiced by the Simonians, and also of their having images of Simon and Helen under the forms of Zeus and Athena. But he also adds, "if any one, on seeing the images either of Simon or Helen, shall call them by those names, he is cast out, as showing ignorance of the mysteries."


title: Simon Magus

text: Epiphanius writes that there were some Simonians still in existence in his day (c. AD 367), but he speaks of them as almost extinct. Gitta, he says, had sunk from a town into a village. Epiphanius further charges Simon with having tried to wrest the words of St. Paul about the armour of God () into agreement with his own identification of the with Athena. He tells us also that he gave barbaric names to the "principalities and powers," and that he was the beginning of the Gnostics. The Law, according to him, was not of God, but of "the sinister power." The same was the case with the prophets, and it was death to believe in the Old Testament.


title: Simon Magus

text: Cyril of Jerusalem (346 AD) in the sixth of his Catechetical Lectures prefaces his history of the Manichaeans by a brief account of earlier heresies: Simon Magus, he says, had given out that he was going to be translated to heaven, and was actually careening through the air in a chariot drawn by demons when Peter and Paul knelt down and prayed, and their prayers brought him to earth a mangled corpse.


title: Simon Magus

text: The apocryphal "Acts of Peter" gives a more elaborate tale of Simon Magus' death. Simon is performing magic in the Forum, and in order to prove himself to be a god, he levitates up into the air above the Forum. The apostle Peter prays to God to stop his flying, and he stops mid-air and falls into a place called "the "Sacra Via"" (meaning "Holy Way" in Latin), breaking his legs "in three parts". The previously non-hostile crowd then stones him. Now gravely injured, he had some people carry him on a bed at night from Rome to Ariccia, and was brought from there to Terracina to a person named Castor, who on accusations of sorcery was banished from Rome. The Acts then continue to say that he died "while being sorely cut by two physicians".


title: Simon Magus

text: Another apocryphal document, the "Acts of Peter and Paul" gives a slightly different version of the above incident, which was shown in the context of a debate in front of the Emperor Nero. In this version, Paul the Apostle is present along with Peter, Simon levitates from a high wooden tower made upon his request, and dies "divided into four parts" due to the fall. Peter and Paul were then put in prison by Nero while ordering Simon's body be kept carefully for three days (thinking he would rise again).


title: Simon Magus

text: The Pseudo-Clementine "Recognitions" and "Homilies" give an account of Simon Magus and some of his teachings in regards to the Simonians. They are of uncertain date and authorship, and seem to have been worked over by several hands in the interest of diverse forms of belief.


title: Simon Magus

text: Simon was a Samaritan, and a native of Gitta. The name of his father was Antonius, that of his mother Rachel. He studied Greek literature in Alexandria, and, having in addition to this great power in magic, became so ambitious that he wished to be considered a highest power, higher even than the God who created the world. And sometimes he "darkly hinted" that he himself was Christ, calling himself the Standing One. Which name he used to indicate that he would stand for ever, and had no cause in him for bodily decay. He did not believe that the God who created the world was the highest, nor that the dead would rise. He denied Jerusalem, and introduced Mount Gerizim in its stead. In place of the Christ of the Christians he proclaimed himself; and the Law he allegorized in accordance with his own preconceptions. He did indeed preach righteousness and judgment to come.


title: Simon Magus

text: There was one John the Baptist, who was the forerunner of Jesus in accordance with the law of parity; and as Jesus had twelve Apostles, bearing the number of the twelve solar months, so had he thirty leading men, making up the monthly tale of the moon. One of these thirty leading men was a woman called Helen, and the first and most esteemed by John was Simon. But on the death of John he was away in Egypt for the practice of magic, and one Dositheus, by spreading a false report of Simon's death, succeeded in installing himself as head of the sect. Simon on coming back thought it better to dissemble, and, pretending friendship for Dositheus, accepted the second place. Soon, however, he began to hint to the thirty that Dositheus was not as well acquainted as he might be with the doctrines of the school.


title: Simon Magus

text: The encounter between Dositheus and Simon Magus was the beginnings of the sect of Simonians. The narrative goes on to say that Simon, having fallen in love with Helen, took her about with him, saying that she had come down into the world from the highest heavens, and was his mistress, inasmuch as she was Sophia, the Mother of All. It was for her sake, he said, that the Greeks and Barbarians fought the Trojan War, deluding themselves with an image of truth, for the real being was then present with the First God. By such allegories Simon deceived many, while at the same time he astounded them by his magic. A description is given of how he made a familiar spirit for himself by conjuring the soul out of a boy and keeping his image in his bedroom, and many instances of his feats of magic are given.


title: Simon Magus

text: The Pseudo-Clementine writings were used in the 4th century by members of the Ebionite sect, one characteristic of which was hostility to Paul, whom they refused to recognize as an apostle. Ferdinand Christian Baur (1792–1860), founder of the Tübingen School, drew attention to the anti-Pauline characteristic in the Pseudo-Clementines, and pointed out that in the disputations between Simon and Peter, some of the claims Simon is represented as making (e.g. that of having seen the Lord, though not in his lifetime, yet subsequently in vision) were really the claims of Paul; and urged that Peter's refutation of Simon was in some places intended as a polemic against Paul. The enmity between Peter and Simon is clearly shown. Simon's magical powers are juxtaposed with Peter's powers in order to express Peter's authority over Simon through the power of prayer, and in the the identification of Paul with Simon Magus is effected. Simon is there made to maintain that he has a better knowledge of the mind of Jesus than the disciples, who had seen and conversed with Jesus in person. His reason for this strange assertion is that visions are superior to waking reality, as divine is superior to human. Peter has much to say in reply to this, but the passage which mainly concerns us is as follows:


title: Simon Magus

text: The anti-Pauline context of the Pseudo-Clementines is recognised, but the association with Simon Magus is surprising, according to Jozef Verheyden, since they have little in common. However the majority of scholars accept Baur's identification, though others, including Lightfoot, argued extensively that the "Simon Magus" of the Pseudo-Clementines was not meant to stand for Paul. More recently, Berlin pastor Hermann Detering (1995) has made the case that the veiled anti-Pauline stance of the Pseudo-Clementines has historical roots, that the Acts 8 encounter between Simon the magician and Peter is itself based on the conflict between Peter and Paul. Detering's belief has not found general support among scholars, but Robert M. Price argues much the same case in "The Amazing Colossal Apostle:The Search for the Historical Paul" (2012).


title: Simon Magus

text: There are other features in the portrait which are reminiscent of Marcion. The first thing mentioned in the "Homilies" about Simon's opinions is that he denied that God was just.


title: Simon Magus

text: By "God" he meant the creator god. But he undertakes to prove from the Jewish scriptures that there is a higher god, who really possesses the perfections which are falsely ascribed to the lower god.


title: Simon Magus

text: On these grounds Peter complains that, when he was setting out for the gentiles to convert them from their worship of "many gods upon earth", Satan had sent Simon before him to make them believe that there were "many gods in heaven".


title: Simon Magus

text: In Irish legend Simon Magus came to be associated with Druidism. He is said to have come to the aid of the Druid Mog Ruith. The fierce denunciation of Christianity by Irish Druids appears to have resulted in Simon Magus being associated with Druidism. The word Druid was sometimes translated into Latin as "magus", and Simon Magus was also known in Ireland as "Simon the Druid".


title: Simon Magus

text: The church of Santa Francesca Romana, Rome, is claimed to have been built on the spot where Simon fell. Within the Church is a dented slab of marble that purports to bear the imprints of the knees of Peter and Paul during their prayer. The fantastic stories of Simon the Sorcerer persisted into the later Middle Ages, becoming a possible inspiration for the "Faustbuch" and Goethe's Faust.


title: Simon Magus

text: The opening story in Danilo Kiš's 1983 collection "The Encyclopedia of the Dead", "Simon Magus", retells the confrontation between Simon and Peter agreeing with the account in the "Acts of Peter", and provides an additional alternative ending in which Simon asks to be buried alive in order to be resurrected three days later (after which his body is found putrefied).


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: "21:9" ("twenty-one by nine") is a consumer electronics (CE) marketing term to describe the ultrawide aspect ratio of 64:27 (2.:1 or 21.:9), designed to show films recorded in CinemaScope and equivalent modern anamorphic formats. The main benefit of this screen aspect ratio is a constant display height when displaying other content with a lesser aspect ratio.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: The 64:27 aspect ratio of "21:9" is an extension of the existing video aspect ratios 4:3 (SDTV) and 16:9 (HDTV), as it is the third power of 4:3, where 16:9 of traditional HDTV is 4:3 squared. This allows electronic scalers and optical anamorphic lenses to use an easily implementable 4:3 (1.3:1) scaling factor.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: The term "21:9" was chosen as a marketing term, first used by Philips in January 2009. Due to its common denominator, 21:9 is more relatable to 16:9, the aspect ratio of regular HDTVs, rather than the correct 64:27. If it actually were 21:9 (2.3:1), the fraction could also be expressed in the reduced form as 7:3, relating to the 4:3 of standard-definition TVs.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: Consumer TVs with this aspect ratio were manufactured mainly from 2010 to 2017. Due to it causing pillarboxing with standard 16:9 content, and the resulting low consumer acceptance, this screen format has rarely been used since then.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: It is still prevalent in projection systems, using anamorphic lenses, and supported by a number of consumer electronics devices, including Blu-ray players and video scalers.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: It is also used in computer monitors, where the term "21:9" can represent aspect ratios of 43:18 and 12:5 in addition to 64:27. The wider screen provides advantages in multitasking as well as a more immersive gaming experience, and even wider screens with aspect ratios such as 32:9 (allowing for two 16:9 views side-by-side) are available. 21:9 phones also exist.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: With content of different aspect ratios, adjustments have to be made when showing such content on a display with a fixed aspect ratio. To avoid loss of content (due to cropping) or distortions (due to stretching), horizontal or vertical bars of a uniform color, usually black to make them less noticeable, are added to adjust the image. With the black bars being unnoticed, this has the effect of a changing image size when switching content aspect ratios.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: A 21:9 display allows to present all content up to 'Scope aspect ratios at equal height, with changing vertical bars to the left and right of the image. Note how the large center circle, representing the main image area, remains at a constant size on the 21:9 display, while it changes on the other two depending on the aspect ratio of the content.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: The "21:9" digital format's aspect ratio of approx. 2.370:1 is positioned between the classical CinemaScope aspect ratio (1678:715, approx. 2.35:1) and the aspect ratio of modern anamorphic cinematic content (1024:429, approx. 2.39:1), matching both with only a slight deviation.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: As of May 2013, video timings in this 64:27 aspect ratio are supported by the technical specification that defines video timings for the HDMI interface, CTA 861-F:


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: In November 2016, CTA (formerly CEA) published CTA-861-G with these additional video timings in 64:27, as well as additional frame rates (48 Hz, 100/120 Hz UHD):


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: All of the above timings are supported at frame rates of 23.97, 24, 25, 29.97, 30, 47.95, 48, 50, 59.94, 60, 100, 119.88 and 120 Hz.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: There was an effort, led by Panamorph, to add support for anamorphic video in a 21:9 aspect ratio to the Full HD, 3-D and Ultra HD Blu-ray specifications. Eventually, this feature was not included in the final specification. Given that Blu-ray Discs include the letterboxing on the image, this effectively means widescreen movies will be shown in a 16:9 space, with black bars on top and bottom. The company Folded Space, also initiated by Panamorph, was working on a proprietary solution, MFE, to put anamorphic 21:9 video onto Blu-rays in a way compatible with standard players.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: Advanced Blu-ray players, like the Oppo BDP-203/205, can be put into a 21:9 output mode. In this mode, the player has the capability to extract the 21:9 center portion of the movie content of a letterboxed disc, while re-arranging the 16:9 menus and subtitles for 21:9.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: Video streaming and download services use a proprietary technical infrastructure, and are not confined to the same strict rules about frame aspect ratios as standardized distribution services (such as broadcast and optical discs). They therefore often encode content as just the active frame, without any aspect ratio adjustment bars (letterbox or pillarbox bars). Movies with a 2.39:1 aspect ratio are a natural match for 21:9 output video timings, as long as the streaming clients support such video modes, and even content with other wide aspect ratios such as 2.00:1 and 2.20:1 are inherently maximizing the use of the output frame on such systems.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: Amazon Prime Video, YouTube, and Netflix support ultrawide movies/videos, while Tubi TV, Disney+, and Hulu still do not.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: All Blu-ray Disc content with 1920 horizontal resolution has 1080 vertical resolution, though in the case of widescreen formats wider than 16:9, the image appears on 16:9 displays with letterboxing. Philips' "Cinema 21:9" TV eliminates the black bars by scaling the 1920 horizontal resolution to its full width of 2560 and the 800+ pixels of CinemaScope images (actual pixel counts vary) is scaled to 1080 with the black space cropped. The result is an image which fills the screen, but does not provide higher quality due to the use of scaling. Despite the intention being to fill the screen with a non-letterboxed image, the zoom mode can result in some cropping at the edges. Content with the full image at 1920×1080 can be displayed in the center of the screen with pillarboxing, and should the viewer choose to not display CinemaScope content at full width, it appears windowboxed.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: Jupiter Systems in California was the first to launch a full line of 21:9 large interactive displays for the enterprise market, both touch and non-touch models, ranging from a screen size of 105" down to a 34" desktop. It caught the global market's attention as the only manufacturer dedicated to 21:9 exclusively. The large displays are 5K in resolution so a natural extension of the traditional 4K 16:9 display real estate.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: The Philips "Cinema 21:9" TV was the first LCD television of this aspect ratio. The first model launched was a 56-inch screen size, although it was no taller than a conventional 16:9 42-inch television. Models released in 2010 and 2011 had screen sizes of 50 and 58 inches.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: Early reviews claimed that it was "one of the coolest TVs" to enter the market for some time. This set was previewed in the UK in advance of its release date of 18 June 2009. Pre-release launch events were held at numerous Philips retailers throughout June 2009.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: The online advertising campaign surrounding the Cinema 21:9, titled "Carousel", went on to win the most prestigious award in the advertising industry, the Grand Prix at the Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: Vizio has since followed suit with their own Cinema TVs with identical resolution, similarly marketed as "21:9" in the United States.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: The 58-inch TV with a panel resolution of 2560×1080 has been sold in 2012 and 2013, and has since been discontinued. A planned 50-inch model never made it to market.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: LG has a number of monitors with panel resolutions of 2560x1080 (64:27), 3440x1440 (43:18), 3840x1600 (12:5) and 5120x2160 (64:27), the latter being advertised by LG as '5K2K' with a 21:9 aspect ratio.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: Other monitor manufacturers, such as Acer, AOC, Asus, BenQ, Dell, Gigabyte, HP, Iiyama, Lenovo, MSI, NEC, Philips, Samsung and Viewsonic, have since followed suit.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: At the CES 2014, LG presented the 105UC9, a 105-inch curved LCD TV with a 5120×2160 panel, one of the first two ultrawide 5K screens. LG started selling the TV in early 2015 for approx. $100,000 in the U.S., the only ultrawide TV in the market that year.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: Also at CES 2014, Samsung presented a 105-inch curved LCD TV with 5120×2160 resolution as well, the other first UW5K 21:9 screen.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: Chinese panel manufacturer BOE presented an Ultra-Wide 10K 21:9 TV with a resolution of 10240x4320 (UW10K) at the 2015 Display Week conference.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: Wide screen projectors with a 16:9 aspect ratio can be converted to 21:9 by attaching a 4/3 horizontal stretch or vertical squeeze anamorphic lens. This will optically scale standard projection images with e.g. 1920×1080 (FullHD) or 3840×2160 (UHD) to a 21:9 aspect ratio. These lenses are manufactured by optical companies like Isco and Zeiss, and provided to the home theater market by companies such as Panamorph.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: Besides projectors outfitted with anamorphic lenses, Digital Projection, Projection Design and Avielo have released projectors that utilise 2560x1080 pixels of a 2560×1440 DLP chip with a spherical lens.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: While not primarily intended for cinematic content, computer displays have also made use of this and other wide aspect ratios, marketed as "21:9", to provide expanded desktop space. Common resolutions in the market are listed below:


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: Note: Technically 21:9 smartphones do not exist because smartphone screens are vertical. However, rotating a smartphone 90 degrees to landscape mode results in a horizontal ratio. 21:9 means that for 21 pixels in the horizontal axis, there are 9 in the vertical axis. 9:21, which is the correct term for smartphones, is the opposite (21 vertical, 9 horizontal).


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: On February 25, 2019, Sony launched their latest flagship device, the Xperia 1, with the world's first 21:9 ultra-wide 4K HDR-enabled OLED (6.5") display in a smartphone. They have trademarked the name "CinemaWide" for use in their latest ultra-wide Xperia devices. It is not the first mobile device to use a 21:9 aspect ratio display; that recognition belongs to the LG New Chocolate, released in 2009. It has a 4" TFT display with a resolution of 345×800 pixels. The Samsung Galaxy Fold smartphone/tablet folding hybrid, with its 4.6" Super AMOLED cover display, and the Xperia 10 and 10 Plus are among the first modern devices with ultra-wide displays. Motorola introduced two 21:9 smartphones in 2019, the One Vision in May and the One Action in August, both with a 6.3" FHD+ IPS LCD screen.


title: 21:9 aspect ratio

text: Note that both Motorola and Sony chose to use a screen resolution of 2520×1080, rather than the CE resolution of 2560×1080, as defined in CTA-861. This leads to the device to have a "true" 21:9 (7:3) Aspect Ratio, rather than the normal CE aspect ratio of 64:27. The Xperia 1 also has an odd aspect ratio of 320:137, and would have been able to meet 64:27 with a more even resolution of 3840×1620. Sony does not adhere to consumer standards, as with their home theater projectors that feature a 4096×2160 4K resolution, rather than the CE resolution of 3840×2160. 4096×2160 is a resolution only relevant in digital cinema (DCI), where movie theater projectors feature this resolution with either letterboxed 4096×1716 or pillarboxed 3996×2160 content for "Scope" (2.39:1) and "Flat" (1.85:1) aspect ratios, respectively. The full panel aspect ratio of 256:135 is unfit for normal consumer content with a 16:9 container aspect ratio.


title: Mard Ko Dard Nahi Hota

text: Mard Ko Dard Nahi Hota (), released internationally as The Man Who Feels No Pain, is a 2018 Indian Hindi-language action comedy film written and directed by Vasan Bala and produced by Ronnie Screwvala under his banner RSVP Movies. The film stars debutant Abhimanyu Dassani, Radhika Madan, Gulshan Devaiah, Mahesh Manjrekar and Jimit Trivedi.


title: Mard Ko Dard Nahi Hota

text: The film premiered in the Midnight Madness section of the 2018 Toronto International Film Festival, where it won the . The film was also screened at the 2018 MAMI Film Festival where it received standing ovation. The film's story follows a young man who has a rare condition called Congenital insensitivity to pain and strikes out on a quest to vanquish his foes. Bhagyashree's son Abhimanyu Dassani made his acting debut with the film. The film was released in theatres on 21 March 2019 and received positive reviews from critics.


title: Mard Ko Dard Nahi Hota

text: Surya is diagnosed with a rare disorder named Congential insensitivity to pain (CIP) and is tended to by the odd-couple combination of his father and his mischievous grandfather Ajoba. The school life is difficult for a boy who doesn't feel pain and is picked on by bullies and Surya finds an unlikely ally in his neighbour, Supri. At home, Surya learns to tend to his own wounds and binges on a whole host of martial arts films on VHS tapes thanks to his grandfather's unique tutelage. The only tape that mesmerises Surya is 100-man karate kumite fought by a mysterious one-legged man called Karate Mani.


title: Mard Ko Dard Nahi Hota

text: Surya's foray into vigilantism is to come to the aid of Supri against her abusive father, but that event leads to the family being evicted from the building they lived in, and Surya and Supri are estranged as children. They go their separate ways, each one finding purpose and mentorship in unusual circumstances. Ajoba encourages Surya to pursue his passion secretly & Surya trains himself by watching VHS videos. Meanwhile, Supri is trained by Karate Mani, whom she meets when she accidentally bumps into his scooter. As a young man, Surya remains as dorky as he was in his childhood because his father will never let him leave the house. When his father finally agrees to let him outside, Surya finds a poster advertising his childhood idol Karate Mani.


title: Mard Ko Dard Nahi Hota

text: This poster leads him to the very building where he and Supri had been separated years ago, and it is Supri who is pasting the posters. Both of them don't recognise each other, but he is bedazzled when she fights off thugs to rescue a lady. Later, Surya visits the address mentioned on the poster to meet Karate Mani. He finds him knocked out by his evil twin brother Jimmy, and his assistant calls Supri to help him. They take him to a hospital, where only Supri and Surya are left when the rest of them leave. Later, Supri leaves from the hospital on the insistence by her boyfriend Atul, Mani recovers consciousness, and escapes from the hospital, feeling that the hospital will bill him a bomb for trivial treatment. Surya chases him and fights off the hospital staff who had come to capture him, and Mani is impressed with his skills.


title: Mard Ko Dard Nahi Hota

text: Mani reveals that he and Jimmy were trained by their father, a karate trainer, since they were kids. Mani showed his talent for martial arts and easily won the heart of his father, which made Jimmy jealous. One day, Mani saved Jimmy from a speeding truck, sacrificing his leg in the process. This further elevated Mani in the eyes of his father, and Jimmy is further estranged. After the 100-man kumite, his father gifted his locket to him, whereas Jimmy takes up the path of crime. Imprisoned for one of his crimes, Mani got cozy with Jimmy's girlfriend, and Jimmy catched them red-handed. This incident created a permanent rift between the two, putting Mani in a guilt trap.


title: Mard Ko Dard Nahi Hota

text: Later, Jimmy started a security agency and bullied Mani with men and guns from his security agency, taking something from him each time he visited him, while Mani relented out of guilt. Supri later reveals that Atul won over her parents by taking care of their medical expenses, which sort of forced her to stay with him so that her mother would get adequate medical care. Atul is taking her family to Canada to treat her mother. Supri is falling into the same trap of family burden as her mother bore all her life with her abusive husband, so much so that she doesn't have time to think for herself and no clue about her career. On his previous visit, Jimmy snatches the locket that was given by their father to Mani, and Surya vows to get it back for him. His grandfather tries to dissuade him as it is too dangerous but eventually gives in when he realises that he should not kill this very motivating factor.


title: Mard Ko Dard Nahi Hota

text: Surya meets Mani, who refuses to take him to Jimmy, but when Surya stops at nothing, he accompanies him to Jimmy's office. Meanwhile, at the airport just before boarding their flight to Canada, Supri's mother insists that she run away from Atul so that she doesn't go through the same fate of an overbearing husband. She hatches a plan wherein she covers up for the absence of Supri inside the plane and falls unconscious with a heavy dose of insulin once the plane lands in Canada, and once unconscious at the airport, she has to be admitted to hospital to be treated. Supri leaves after some pushing from her mother and goes straight to Jimmy's office, knowing Surya would create some ruckus there.


title: Mard Ko Dard Nahi Hota

text: At Jimmy's office, a fight ensues between his staff and the two. Surya easily thrashes most of them, and they are surprised to find that Surya doesn't experience pain, which makes him more lethal. In the ensuing fight, the fire is triggered, and the staff lock them in a room and escape from the building. Supri enters in a nick of time and rescues them. They later take refuge at their old residential complex, where they had spent their childhood, which is deserted for reconstruction, and Ajoba gets them all the essentials like blankets and food. In the morning, they are all captured by Jimmy, who arranges a cruel game, where each one of them has to fight his staff members one-on-one.


title: Mard Ko Dard Nahi Hota

text: The first up is Mani, followed by Supri, Surya, and Ajoba. Supri and Mani knock down a quite a few men before going down. All of them attack Surya barring one, and Surya knocks them all out. Jimmy then sends his last remaining fighter: his best one. Just to quickly end the contest, he changes the rules: a 10-point match where a point is scored with every hit. Surya is injured when his leg is broken by his opponent. Mani throws his crutch for help. Surya decides to break the rule and hits his opponent close to the eye with the crutch, temporarily blinding him and finishes off the match. Jimmy is enraged where he shoots and stabs him. Supri intervenes, snatches the gun and shoots Jimmy dead.


title: Mard Ko Dard Nahi Hota

text: Later, Surya wakes up at his home, turned hospital. Supri and Ajoba are next to him. Mani is revealed to be in prison, who owns up to Jimmy's death. Surya goes on to fulfill his father's aspiration to become an chartered accountant. Supri's mother gets treated in Canada, where Supri is now liberated from the burden of her mother's treatment and finally starts thinking of her own self and her career. However, Surya and Supri are shown heading towards their new adventure.


title: Mard Ko Dard Nahi Hota

text: Director Vasan Bala said that in early 2016, a friend of his told him about a dentist whose patient did not ask for anaesthesia. This triggered the idea of the film to him. He then saw several documentaries and blended it with his childhood stories about martial arts. He said: "The story is about all the films that I grew up on, Bruce Lee, Jackie Chan [..] all the karate classes I had to take." Bala said that the film is a tribute to "all the films that we have seen."