title: Buffet

text: The essential feature of the various buffet formats is that the diners can directly view the food and immediately select which dishes they wish to consume, and usually also can decide how much food they take. Buffets are effective for serving large numbers of people at once, and are often seen in institutional settings, business conventions, or large parties.


title: Buffet

text: Since a buffet involves diners serving themselves, it has in the past been considered an informal form of dining, less formal than table service. In recent years, however, buffet meals are increasingly popular among hosts of home dinner parties, especially in homes where limited space complicates the serving of individual table places.


title: Buffet

text: In the 19th century, supper, a lighter meal some hours after the main dinner, was sometimes served as a buffet (and so called), especially late at night at grand balls, where not everyone present eats at the same time, or in the same quantity. Even in a very large building, at a large ball there might not be enough space to seat all guests at the same time, or servants to serve them in the manner required by the prevailing customs. A large cooked English breakfast with various choices was also very often routinely served this way, for similar reasons. Even when many servants were on hand, there might be an element of self-service. The term "buffet" originally referred to the French sideboard furniture where the food was placed, but eventually became applied to the serving format.


title: Buffet

text: At balls, the "buffet" was also where drinks were obtained, either by circulating footmen supplying orders from guests, but often by the male guests. During the Victorian period, it became usual for guests to have to eat standing up. In fact John Conrade Cooke's cookbook "Cookery and Confectionery", (London: 1824) says it was already "the present fashion". In a report on a ball in 1904, a departure from "the usual stand-up buffet supper", with parties being able to reserve tables, was praised.


title: Buffet

text: Scandinavians like to claim that the buffet table originates from the "brännvinsbord" (Swedish schnapps, or shot of alcoholic beverage) table from the middle of 16th century. This custom had its prime during the early 18th century. The "smörgåsbord" buffet did not increase in popularity until the expansion of the railroads throughout Europe.


title: Buffet

text: The "smörgåsbord" table was originally a meal where guests gathered before dinner for a pre-dinner drink, and was not part of the formal dinner that followed. The "smörgåsbord" buffet was often held in separate rooms for men and women before the dinner was served.


title: Buffet

text: "Smörgåsbord" became internationally known as "smorgasbord" at the 1939 New York World's Fair exhibition, as the Swedes had to invent a new way of showcasing the best of Swedish food to large numbers of visitors.


title: Buffet

text: While the possession of gold and silver has been a measure of solvency of a regime, the display of it, in the form of plates and vessels, is more a political act and a gesture of conspicuous consumption. The 16th-century French term "buffet" applied both to the display itself and to the furniture on which it was mounted, often draped with rich textiles, but more often as the century advanced the word described an elaborately carved cupboard surmounted by tiers of shelves. In England, such a buffet was called a court cupboard. Prodigal displays of plate were probably first revived at the fashionable court of Burgundy and adopted in France. The Baroque displays of silver and gold that were affected by Louis XIV of France were immortalized in paintings by Alexandre-François Desportes and others, before Louis' plate and his silver furniture had to be sent to the mint to pay for the wars at the end of his reign.


title: Buffet

text: During the 18th century, more subtle demonstrations of wealth were preferred. The buffet was revived in England and France at the end of the century, when new ideals of privacy made a modicum of self-service at breakfast-time appealing, even among those who could have had a footman servant behind each chair. In "The Cabinet Dictionary" of 1803, Thomas Sheraton presented a neoclassical design and observed that "a buffet may, with some propriety, be restored to modern use, and prove ornamental to a modern breakfast-room, answering as the china cabinet/repository of a tea equipage."


title: Buffet

text: The informal luncheon at small tables calls for service by a number of maids, hence the "buffet" plan is preferable.


title: Buffet

text: There are many different ways of offering diners a selection of foods that are called "buffet" style meals. Some buffets are "single pass only", but most buffets allow a diner to first take small samples of unfamiliar foods, and then to return for more servings if desired. To avoid misunderstandings in commercial eating establishments, the rules and charges are often posted on signs near the buffet serving tables.


title: Buffet

text: As a compromise between self-service and full table service, a staffed buffet may be offered: diners carry their own plate or tray along the buffet line and are given a portion by a server at each station, which may be selected or skipped by the diner. This method is prevalent at catered meetings where diners are not paying specifically for their meal.


title: Buffet

text: Alternatively, diners may serve themselves for most prepared selections, but a carvery station for roasted meats is staffed. Some buffet formats also feature staffed stations where crepes, omelettes, noodle soups, barbecued meats, or sushi are custom prepared at the request of individual diners.


title: Buffet

text: The all-you-can-eat restaurant was introduced in Las Vegas by Herbert "Herb" Cobb McDonald in 1946. The buffet was advertised in flyers for only one dollar, and a patron could eat "every possible variety of hot and cold entrees to appease the howling coyote in your innards".


title: Buffet

text: Many boarding schools, colleges, and universities offer optional or mandatory "meal plans", especially in connection with dormitories for students. These are often in an "all-you-can-eat" buffet format, sometimes called "all-you-care-to-eat" to encourage dietary moderation. The format may also be used in other institutional settings, such as military bases, large factories, cruise ships, or medium-security prisons.


title: Buffet

text: In 2007, the first all-you-can-eat seating section in Major League Baseball was introduced at Dodger Stadium. The trend spread to 19 of the 30 major league parks by 2010, and numerous minor league parks by 2012. The basic menu includes traditional ballpark food such as hot dogs, nachos, peanuts, popcorn, and soft drinks. In 2008, all-you-can-eat seats were also inaugurated in numerous NBA and NHL arenas.


title: Buffet

text: In Australia, buffet chains such as Sizzler serve a large number of patrons with carvery meats, seafood, salads and desserts. Cruise operators in Sydney, conduct Sydney Harbour sightseeing cruises with continental buffets having multiple seafood options. Buffets are also common in Returned and Services League of Australia (RSL) clubs and some motel restaurants.


title: Buffet

text: In Brazil, "comida a quilo" or "comida por quilo"—literally, "food by [the] kilo"—restaurants are common. This is a cafeteria style buffet in which diners are billed by the weight of the food selected, excluding the tare weight of the plate. Brazilian cuisine's "rodízio" style is all-you-can-eat, having both non-self-service and self-service variations.


title: Buffet

text: In Hong Kong, the "cha chaan teng buffet" is a relatively new variation on traditional low-cost Chinese snack and coffee shops.


title: Buffet

text: In Japan, a buffet or smorgasbord is known as a "viking" (バイキング - "baikingu"). It is said that this originated from the restaurant "Imperial Viking" in the Imperial Hotel, Tokyo, which was the first restaurant in Japan to serve buffet-style meals. Dessert Vikings are very popular in Japan, where one can eat from a buffet full of desserts.


title: Buffet

text: In Sweden, a traditional form of buffet is the "smörgåsbord", which literally means "table of sandwiches".


title: Buffet

text: In the United States, there are numerous Chinese-American cuisine-inspired buffet restaurants, as well as those serving primarily traditional American fare. Also, South Asian cuisine (notably in Indian restaurants), pan-Asian cuisine, and Mediterranean cuisine are increasingly available in the buffet format, and sushi has also become more popular at buffets. In some regions of the US, Brazilian-style "churrascaria" barbecue buffets served "rodízio" style are becoming popular.


title: Buffet

text: Las Vegas and Atlantic City are famous for all-you-can-eat buffets with a very wide range of foods on offer, and similar ones have also become common in casinos elsewhere in the United States.


title: Buffet

text: For 2019, buffet food sales in the US were estimated at $5 billion, approximately 1% of the total restaurant business that year.


title: Avast Antivirus

text: Avast Antivirus is a family of cross-platform internet security applications developed by Avast for Microsoft Windows, macOS, Android and iOS. The Avast Antivirus products include freeware and paid versions that provide computer security, browser security, antivirus software, firewall, anti-phishing, antispyware, and anti-spam among other services.


title: Avast Antivirus

text: Avast launched a freeware business product, Avast for Business, in February 2015. It is a cross-platform solution that includes antivirus protection, web threat scanning, browser protection, and a cloud management console.


title: Avast Antivirus

text: As of 2017, Avast is the most popular antivirus vendor on the market, and it had the largest share of the market for antivirus applications.


title: Avast Antivirus

text: In a February 2018, test of various antimalware products by AV-TEST, Avast Free Antivirus has earned 6 out of 6 points in "Protection" category, detecting 100% of malware samples used in this test and earning an "AV-TEST Certified" seal. Avast's Mobile Security & Antivirus app detected 100% of malware samples in January 2018 test of Android malware by AV-Comparatives.


title: Avast Antivirus

text: In January of 2020, multiple news sources reported that Avast Antivirus, through a subsidiary, was selling the browsing history of Avast Free product users. Though the company claimed all data was "de-identified", it was reported that the sold data could be linked back to people's real identities, exposing every click and search they had made, but this could not be verified. In response, Avast announced that it would close the subsidiary over the data privacy backlash.


title: Æthelbald, King of Wessex

text: Æthelbald (died 860) was King of Wessex from 855 or 858 to 860. He was the second of five sons of King Æthelwulf. In 850, Æthelbald's elder brother Æthelstan defeated the Vikings in the first recorded sea battle in English history, but he is not recorded afterwards and probably died in the early 850s. The next year Æthelwulf and Æthelbald inflicted another defeat on the Vikings at the Battle of Aclea. In 855 Æthelwulf went on pilgrimage to Rome and appointed Æthelbald King of Wessex, while Æthelberht, the next oldest son, became King of Kent, which had been conquered by Wessex thirty years earlier.


title: Æthelbald, King of Wessex

text: On his way back from Rome, Æthelwulf stayed for several months with Charles the Bald, King of the Franks, whose twelve-year-old daughter Judith he married. When he returned to England in 856, Æthelbald refused to give up the crown. Most historians believe that Æthelbald continued to be king of Wessex while Æthelberht gave up Kent to his father, but some think that Wessex itself was divided, with Æthelbald ruling the west and his father the east, while Æthelberht kept Kent. When Æthelwulf died in 858, Æthelbald continued as (or became again) king of Wessex and his brother resumed (or carried on) his kingship of Kent.


title: Æthelbald, King of Wessex

text: Æthelbald married his stepmother Judith. Asser, the biographer of his youngest brother, Alfred the Great, denounced the union as being "against God's prohibition and Christian dignity, and also contrary to the practice of all pagans", but the marriage does not seem to have been condemned at the time. Æthelbald and Æthelberht appear to have been on good terms: when Æthelbald died in 860, Æthelberht became king of both Wessex and Kent, and they were never again divided.


title: Æthelbald, King of Wessex

text: When Æthelbald's grandfather Ecgberht became king of Wessex in 802, it would have seemed very unlikely that he would establish a lasting dynasty. For two hundred years, three families had fought for the West Saxon throne, and no son had followed his father as king. Ecgberht's nearest connection to a king of Wessex was as a great-great-grandson of Ingild, brother of King Ine (688–726), but he was believed to be a paternal descendant of Cerdic, the founder of the West Saxon dynasty, which made him an ætheling, a prince who had a legitimate claim to the throne. However, in the ninth and tenth centuries Ecgberht's line controlled the kingdom, and all kings were sons of kings.


title: Æthelbald, King of Wessex

text: At the beginning of the ninth century, England was almost wholly under the control of the Anglo-Saxons, and the Midland kingdom of Mercia dominated southern England. In 825 Ecgberht decisively defeated the Mercians at the Battle of Ellendun, ending Mercian supremacy. The two kingdoms became allies, which was important in the resistance to Viking attacks. In 835 the Isle of Sheppey in Kent was ravaged. In 836 Ecgberht was defeated by the Vikings at Carhampton in Somerset, but in 838 he was victorious over an alliance of Cornishmen and Vikings at the Battle of Hingston Down, reducing Cornwall to the status of a client kingdom. He died in the following year and was succeeded by his son Æthelwulf, who appointed his eldest son Æthelstan as sub-king of Kent, Essex, Surrey and Sussex, in the same year.


title: Æthelbald, King of Wessex

text: Æthelbald was the second son of King Æthelwulf and probably of his first wife Osburh, who was the mother of Alfred the Great. As Æthelstan was old enough to be appointed king ten years before Alfred was born in 849, and Æthelbald took part in battle in 851, some historians argue that it is more likely that the elder children were born to an unrecorded earlier wife. Æthelstan died before his father, but Æthelbald and his three younger brothers were successively kings of Wessex: Æthelbald reigned from 855 to 860, Æthelberht from 860 to 865, Æthelred I from 865 to 871, and Alfred the Great from 871 to 899. Æthelbald is first recorded when he witnessed a charter of his father (S 290) in 840 as "filius regis" (the king's son). He attested with the same designation in the 840s, to S 300 in 850 as "dux filius regis" and in the early 850s as "dux" (ealdorman). In 850 his elder brother Æthelstan defeated a Danish fleet off Sandwich in the first recorded naval battle in English history, but he is not recorded thereafter, and probably died soon afterwards. In 851 Æthelwulf and Æthelbald defeated the Vikings at the Battle of Aclea and, according to the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle", "we have never heard of a greater slaughter of them, in any region, on any one day, before or since". At Easter in 854 Æthelbald and his younger brother Æthelberht attested charters as "dux", and in 855 their father went on pilgrimage to Rome and appointed Æthelbald as king of Wessex while Æthelberht became king of Kent, Essex, Surrey and Sussex.


title: Æthelbald, King of Wessex

text: Æthelwulf spent a year in Rome. On his way back he stayed for several months with Charles the Bald, King of the West Franks, and married Charles's twelve-year-old daughter Judith, a great-granddaughter of Charlemagne; the bishop of Rheims ceremonially consecrated her and Æthelwulf conferred the title of queen on her. Æthelwulf returned with his new wife in October 856, and according to Alfred the Great's biographer, Bishop Asser, during his absence a plot was hatched to prevent the king's return and keep Æthelbald on the throne. Asser regarded it as "a terrible crime: expelling the king from his own kingdom; but God did not allow it to happen, nor would the nobles of the whole Saxon land have any part in it". Asser stated that a great many men said that the initiative for "this wretched incident, unheard of in all previous ages" came from Æthelbald's chief counsellors, Eahlstan, Bishop of Sherborne and Eanwulf, Ealdorman of Somerset, who had been two of Æthelwulf's most senior advisers, while many blamed Æthelbald himself.


title: Æthelbald, King of Wessex

text: Historians give varying explanations for both the marriage and the rebellion. D. P. Kirby and Pauline Stafford see the match as sealing an anti-Viking alliance. Another factor was Judith's descent from Charlemagne: union with her gave Æthelwulf a share in Carolingian prestige. Kirby describes her anointing as "a charismatic sanctification which enhanced her status, blessed her womb and conferred additional throne-worthiness on her male offspring." These marks of a special status implied that a son of hers would succeed to at least part of Æthelwulf's kingdom, and explain Æthelbald's decision to rebel. He may also have feared that he would be disadvantaged if his father returned to rule Wessex while his brother kept Kent. Michael Enright argues that an alliance against the Vikings between such distant territories would have served no useful purpose. He sees the marriage as following Æthelbald's rebellion and being a response to it, intending that a son of Judith would displace Æthelbald as successor to the throne. Janet Nelson goes further, seeing Æthelwulf's pilgrimage as intended from the start to enhance his prestige to assist him in facing down filial resentments. Kirby and Sean Miller argue that it is unlikely that Charles would have agreed to his daughter being taken to a country in a state of civil war, so Æthelbald's revolt was probably a response to the marriage, which threatened to produce sons who had a stronger claim to the throne than he had. Richard Abels argues that Æthelbald probably hoped that his rule would be permanent: "All knew the dangers that attended a pilgrimage to Rome and were aware of the possibility that Æthelwulf would not return. His departure to Rome all but invited the prowling of hungry æthelings." Charles may have agreed to the marriage because he was under attack both from Vikings and from a rising among his own nobility, and Æthelwulf had great prestige due to his victories over the Vikings. The marriage added the West Saxon king to the network of royal and princely allies that Charles was creating.


title: Æthelbald, King of Wessex

text: Rivalry between east and west Wessex may have also been a factor in the dispute. The ancient Selwood Forest marked the boundary between the bishoprics of Sherborne in the west and Winchester in the east. In the eighth century, the connections of Ecgberht's family were with the west, but in the early ninth century, the family became close to the clergy of Winchester, who helped them to establish an exclusive hold on the throne for their royal branch. According to Asser, the plot to rob Æthelwulf of his throne was concocted in "the western part of Selwood", and Æthelbald's chief supporters, Eahlstan and Eanwulf, were western magnates who probably resented the favour shown by Æthelwulf to the eastern Winchester diocese, and to Swithun, who was appointed by Æthelwulf as Bishop of Winchester in 852. Æthelbald's patronage was mainly directed at Sherborne.


title: Æthelbald, King of Wessex

text: Asser is the sole source for the dispute between Æthelwulf and Æthelbald, which is not mentioned in the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle", and according to Asser when Æthelwulf returned to England he agreed to divide the kingdom to avoid a civil war. Most historians state that Æthelbald kept Wessex while Æthelberht agreed to surrender the south-eastern kingdoms of Kent, Essex, Surrey and Sussex to Æthelwulf, although Simon Keynes thinks that Æthelwulf kept a degree of sovereignty. Some historians argue that it is more likely that Wessex itself was divided, with Æthelbald keeping his power base west of Selwood, Æthelwulf taking the east and Æthelberht keeping Kent. Pauline Stafford and D. P. Kirby point out that Asser implies that Judith became queen of the West Saxons in 856. Sean Miller observes that Asser complained that the "son ruled where by rightful judgment the father should have done; for the western part of the Saxon land has always been more important than the eastern", and since Kent had been conquered only thirty years previously, it did not make sense to speak of it as having always been a less important part of the kingdom.


title: Æthelbald, King of Wessex

text: According to Asser, at the end of his life, Æthelwulf directed that his kingdom should be divided between his two eldest sons, and this was carried out when he died on 13 January 858. Æthelbald then continued (or resumed) as king of Wessex, while Æthelberht resumed (or kept) the kingship of Kent and the south-east. Æthelwulf left a bequest to Æthelbald, Æthelred and Alfred, with the provision that whoever lived the longest was to inherit the whole; this is seen by some historians as leaving the kingship of Wessex to the survivor, but other historians dispute this and it may have been intended to provide for the younger sons. Judith's charisma as a Carolingian princess was so great that rather than lose the prestige of the connection Æthelbald then married her. The "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" ignores the marriage, perhaps because mentioning such a prestigious connection of Alfred's older brother would have detracted from its focus on the achievements of Alfred himself. Æthelbald's marriage to his widowed stepmother was subsequently condemned by Asser as "against God's prohibition and Christian dignity, and also contrary to the practice of all pagans", although it does not appear to have aroused opposition at the time. The Frankish "Annals of St Bertin" reported the marriage without comment, and stated that when she returned to her father after Æthelbald's death, Judith was treated "with all the honour due to a queen". To her father's fury, soon afterwards she eloped with Baldwin, Count of Flanders, and their son Baldwin II married Alfred's daughter Ælfthryth.


title: Æthelbald, King of Wessex

text: Little is known of Æthelbald's reign and only two of his charters survive. S 1274, dated 858, is a grant by Swithun of an episcopal estate at Farnham to the king for his lifetime, and in Barbara Yorke's view it is an example of Æthelbald's confiscations of the bishop of Winchester's estates for his own use. S 326, dated 860, is a grant by Æthelbald of fourteen hides at Teffont in Wiltshire to a thegn called Osmund. Both are attested by Judith, an indication of her high status, as ninth-century West Saxon kings' wives were not normally given the rank of queen and almost never witnessed charters. The marriage and attestations are evidence that Æthelbald intended the succession to pass to his own son, not his brothers. S 326 is also attested by King Æthelberht, suggesting that he was on good terms with his brother. S 1274 is the earliest surviving West Saxon charter to require a contribution to fortification work, and Nelson suggests that Judith's entourage may have been responsible for the innovation. A few years later Charles the Bald began a programme of rebuilding town walls and building new fortresses in West Francia.


title: Æthelbald, King of Wessex

text: No coins are known to have been issued in the name of Æthelbald. The main mints in southern England were both in Kent, at Canterbury and Rochester. They minted coins in the name of Æthelwulf until 858 and then in the name of Æthelberht. There was one mint in Wessex, probably at Southampton or Winchester, but it operated at a minimal level in the mid-ninth century and only three coins from it between 839 and 871 are known, two of Æthelwulf and one of Æthelred I, all produced by the same moneyer. The fact that the Kentish mints produced coins only for Æthelberht between 858 and 860 is evidence that Æthelbald was not his brother's overlord. Three coins of Æthelbald were regarded as genuine in the late nineteenth century, but in the 1900s they were found to be forgeries.


title: Æthelbald, King of Wessex

text: Æthelbald died in 860 and the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" gives him a reign of five years, dating the start to 855 when Æthelwulf left for Rome. Both Asser and the "Annals of St Neots" give Æthelbald a rule of two and a half years, and the "Annals" adds that he also ruled for two and a half years jointly with his father. Most modern historians date his reign as 855 to 860, but some as 858 to 860. Only the year of his death is known, but as his father died in January 858 and he ruled for two and a half years thereafter, he probably died in about July 860. He was buried at Sherborne in Dorset and he is not known to have had any children.


title: Æthelbald, King of Wessex

text: He was succeeded by Æthelberht, who re-united Wessex and Kent under his rule. It is not clear whether the division between Wessex and Kent had been intended to be permanent, but if so Æthelbald's early death allowed Æthelberht to reverse the division and Kent and the south-east were thereafter treated as an integral part of Wessex.


title: Æthelbald, King of Wessex

text: In the 890s, Bishop Asser gave the only surviving contemporary assessment of Æthelbald. Asser, who was hostile to him both because of his revolt against his father and because of his uncanonical marriage, described him as "iniquitous and grasping" and his reign as "two and a half lawless years", adding that many people attributed the rebellion "solely to arrogance on the part of King Æthelbald, because he was grasping in this affair and many other wrongdoings". Post-Conquest clerical chroniclers adopted Asser's views. William of Malmesbury wrote that "Æthelbald, who was worthless and disloyal to his father, defiled his father's marriage-bed, for after his father's death he sank so low as to marry his stepmother Judith." According to John of Worcester, "Æthelbald, in defiance of God's prohibition and Christian dignity, and even against all pagan customs, climbed into his father's marriage-bed, married Judith, daughter of Charles, king of the Franks, and held the government of the kingdom of the West Saxons without restraint for two and half years after his father's death". Roger of Wendover condemned Æthelbald in similar terms, but claimed that in 859 he repented of his error, put aside Judith and ruled thereafter "in peace and righteousness". The exception was Henry of Huntingdon, who stated that Æthelbald and Æthelberht, "young men of superlative natural quality, possessed their kingdoms very prosperously as long as they each lived. When Æthelbald, King of Wessex, had held his kingdom peacefully for five years, he was carried off by a premature death. All England lamented King Æthelbald's youth and there was great sorrow over him. And they buried him at Sherborne. After this England was conscious of what it had lost in him."


title: Æthelbald, King of Wessex

text: Robert Howard Hodgkin also adopted Asser's views in his 1935 "History of the Anglo-Saxons", but later historians have been more circumspect. Frank Stenton in "Anglo-Saxon England" does not give any opinion on Æthelbald, and observes that his marriage to Judith does not appear to have aroused any scandal among the churchmen of her country, while Sean Miller in his "Dictionary of National Biography" article on Æthelbald says that very little is known of his reign after his marriage, but he appears to have been on good terms with Æthelberht.


title: Popcorn (instrumental)

text: "Popcorn" (first version "Pop Corn") is an instrumental composed by Gershon Kingsley in 1969 for the album "Music to Moog By" on Audio Fidelity Records label. The Moog synthesizer instrumental became a worldwide hit, first in 1972 when a version by Hot Butter was released. Since then, multiple versions of the piece have been produced and released, including those by Vyacheslav Mescherin, Anarchic System, Popcorn Makers, the Boomtang Boys, M & H Band, Crazy Frog and The Muppets.


title: Popcorn (instrumental)

text: In 1972, a rearranged version of the instrumental was recorded by Kingsley's First Moog Quartet. This was intended for the namesake album ("First Moog Quartet") which had otherwise been a re-release of the 1970 First Moog Quartet album with the same name. The 1972 version of the instrumental had the now current title "Popcorn". In that same year, Stan Free, a fellow member of the First Moog Quartet, re-recorded another instrumental, based on the 1972 version, with his own band Hot Butter. This was released as a single and became a hit in mainland Europe, spending several weeks at No. 1 in numerous countries on the continent, including France (4 weeks at the top) and Switzerland (10 weeks), ultimately becoming the biggest-selling single of 1972 in both countries. "Popcorn" was also a No. 1 hit in Germany (3 weeks), the Netherlands (7 weeks) and Norway (9 weeks).


title: Popcorn (instrumental)

text: In 2005, Crazy Frog released a cover of "Popcorn", the remix of which was arranged by Jamba!, and also marketed as a ringtone. The song differs from Crazy Frog's debut release "Axel F" in that it does not contain the trademark "Crazy Frog sound" by Daniel Malmedahl.


title: Popcorn (instrumental)

text: The single was a hit in various countries, particularly in France, where it enjoyed its greatest success. Replacing Crazy Frog's own song "Axel F" at No. 1 on 24 September 2005, the track remained at the top spot for seven weeks, with its best weekly sales of 71,777 copies in its second week. Certified Diamond status just three months after its release by the SNEP, as of August 2014, this version of "Popcorn" is the 40th best-selling single of the 21st century in France, with 458,000 copies sold. The track also topped the charts in Belgium, New Zealand and Spain.


title: Popcorn (instrumental)

text: The music video, CGI-animated, was produced by Kaktus Film and Erik Wernquist of TurboForce3D and features Crazy Frog causing chaos at the undersea labs of the drones. A significantly shortened version of this video was also used for the Frog's version of "U Can't Touch This".


title: Popcorn (instrumental)

text: Soviet animated series "Nu, pogodi!" featured this song in the 10th episode of the series. The Japanese release of Pengo used an 8-bit interpretation of "Popcorn". French electronic composer and musician Jean-Michel Jarre recorded a 1972 version under the pseudonyms "Pop Corn Orchestra" and "Jammie Jeferson". Later he was inspired by this song to compose his 1976 biggest hit Oxygène (Part IV). A version of "Popcorn", performed by Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass appeared on season 3 episode 9 of Better Call Saul. In early 2019, when Kingsley died, the experimental composer Blanck Mass chose "Popcorn" as one of the 10 most influential compositions of his career. In 2022, Swedish singer Tove Lo sampled the Hot Butter version in her single "2 Die 4".


title: Popcorn (instrumental)

text: The 1972 cover by the Popcorn Makers reached No. 7 on the German charts and No. 1 on the Dutch Charts. The version by French band Anarchic System was released in 1972 and reached at No. 13 on the German charts, No. 10 on the Dutch charts and No. 1 on the Ultratop 50.


title: Popcorn (instrumental)

text: In 1987, the French M & H Band (sole member Mark Haliday), released a version of "Popcorn" which peaked at No. 8 on the Norwegian charts and at No. 20 on the Swedish charts. This single's release was accompanied by the first purpose-produced music video. Canadian group the Boomtang Boys covered "Popcorn" in 1999, their version peaked at No. 26 on the "Billboard" Dance Club Songs chart, where it stayed for 9 weeks. It also reached No. 10 on "RPM"'s Canadian dance chart. Richárd Moldován known as "Richi M" released in 2000 year a cover version which reached at No. 9 on the Swedish charts.


title: The Contest

text: "The Contest" is the 51st episode of the NBC sitcom "Seinfeld". The eleventh episode of the fourth season, it aired on November 18, 1992. In the episode, Jerry, George, Elaine, and Kramer hold a contest to determine who can go for the longest time without masturbating.


title: The Contest

text: As NBC thought that masturbation was not a topic suitable for prime time television, the word "masturbation" is never used in the episode. The term "master of my domain", describing someone who has resisted the urge to masturbate, has since become a catchphrase in popular culture.


title: The Contest

text: The writer of the episode, Larry David, won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing in a Comedy Series for his work. The episode was ranked number 1 on "TV Guide"s 2009 list of "100 Greatest Episodes of All-Time".


title: The Contest

text: At Monk's Café, George tells Jerry, Elaine, and Kramer that his mother caught him masturbating, resulting in her falling over in shock and going to the hospital. George resolves never to masturbate again. When the others express skepticism, they make a bet over who can go the longest without masturbating. The men put up $100, while Elaine puts up $150, as the men insist it's easier for a woman to go without masturbating than a man.


title: The Contest

text: Kramer fails almost immediately after seeing a naked woman in a neighboring apartment. The others meet various temptations: George is distracted while visiting his mother in the hospital by an attractive nurse giving another woman a sponge bath behind a curtain; Elaine's fitness club is patronized by John F. Kennedy Jr.; and Jerry is frustrated because his girlfriend Marla, a virgin, will not have sex with him. Jerry sedates his urges by watching children's cartoons.


title: The Contest

text: The remaining contestants suffer insomnia. Kennedy asks Elaine to share a cab ride Uptown; she agrees even though she is going downtown. He arranges to see her again. The pressure becomes too much for her and she drops out of the contest. While making out on the couch, Marla asks Jerry if they can have sex, claiming that she is ready. However, Jerry mentions the contest, prompting Marla to leave in disgust. Elaine believes that Kennedy has stood her up, but George reveals that Kennedy missed her and went with Marla. They see Kramer with the naked woman across the street.


title: The Contest

text: That night, everyone sleeps well, but it is not revealed whether Jerry or George won. Marla is in bed with Kennedy, having finally lost her virginity to him.


title: The Contest

text: "The Contest" was written by Larry David. Kenny Kramer claimed that there actually was a contest which David and some friends of his held, although Kramer did not take part because he thought he could not win it. David won the contest, which lasted three weeks. When David considered using the idea for an episode of "Seinfeld", he did not talk about it with Jerry Seinfeld for a considerable time, because he thought the episode was impossible for him to pitch. However, Seinfeld thought it was not offensive.


title: The Contest

text: The original script was not revealed until the night before the cast read-through. The first version written by David was not as clean as the one later broadcast. The note from the censor claimed that David should not use the word "masturbate". Seinfeld decided it would be better to remove any references to what George actually did. Seinfeld claimed that what was noteworthy about "The Contest" was the "dovetailing" of the stories. He claimed that it probably would have been possible to have used the word "masturbation" in the episode (in "The Ticket"—an earlier episode in the same season—George says "you must have a good story; otherwise, it's just masturbation") although it would have probably ended up not being as funny. Part of the opening scene of the episode contains some of the script originally written for "The Seinfeld Chronicles", the pilot episode.


title: The Contest

text: "The Contest" is the first episode to feature Estelle Costanza, George's mother, as an on-screen character. Estelle Harris, who played the character, had not seen "Seinfeld" before she auditioned; her son told her about the audition. The cast and crew commented positively on the similarity in appearance between Harris and Jason Alexander, as it made it more believable that their characters could be related.


title: The Contest

text: Rachel Sweet has a cameo role in this episode as George's cousin Shelly. She appears in the scene with George and his mother in the hospital.


title: The Contest

text: There are two deleted scenes in "The Contest". One features Joyce—the teacher of Elaine's fitness class—in the opening scene talking to Elaine, Jerry, and Kramer. The second features George and Estelle Costanza in the hospital, where the female patient has been moved to the room next door after Estelle complained about her nakedness.


title: The Contest

text: "The Contest" is considered one of the best "Seinfeld" episodes, winning several awards and positive reviews from critics. David won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing in a Comedy Series for the episode. He also won a Writers Guild of America Award for his work on the episode. Director Tom Cherones won a Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy Series for this episode. He was also nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series. "TV Guide" ranked the episode #1 on its list of "TV's Top 100 Episodes of All Time".


title: The Contest

text: "The Contest" received a Nielsen rating of 13/19, meaning that the episode was watched by an average of 13% of households and 19% of all televisions were tuned to the episode when it was broadcast. Approximately 18.5 million people watched the episode then. The first repeat of the episode gave "Seinfeld" its highest ratings up until that point, with a 20.1/30 Nielsen Rating. It also received only 31 complaints from viewers, despite the subject matter. There were worries from advertisers who did not want to advertise during the episode due to the topics that were being discussed. Most regular advertisers did not broadcast adverts during the show, because the series did not have good ratings at the time.


title: The Contest

text: The episode is considered by most reviewers as a success for being able to cover a controversial subject in an inoffensive manner. Jonathan Boudreaux for tvdvdreviews.com said: "The Emmy-winning script by Larry David introduced the brilliant euphemism 'master of my domain' to our lexicon and helped the series to truly become must-see TV. We know what the episode is about, but the script never explicitly says it. "The Contest" effortlessly takes a potentially incendiary subject and renders it utterly inoffensive yet hilarious." He also said that "The Contest" was "one of the series' most infamous" episodes. Donna Dorsett from audaud.com commented on the refusal to use the word "masturbation," saying: "If the word had been used, even once, the show would not have been nearly as hilarious. The episode was totally inoffensive."


title: The Contest

text: This is the second "Seinfeld" episode to feature Elaine's fondness for the Kennedy family, the first being "The Baby Shower".


title: The Contest

text: Seinfeld claimed that he had never heard of the song "The Wheels on the Bus" before recording the episode.


title: The Contest

text: The original script featured Jerry watching the TV series "Flipper". It was changed to "Tiny Toon Adventures" due to concerns over music rights.


title: The Contest

text: "The Contest" is referenced in other "Seinfeld" episodes, the first being "The Outing", in which Jerry and George are mistakenly outed as gay. During the episode, when George visits his mother, there is a male patient in the hospital, who receives daily sponge baths from a male nurse. Although the winner of the contest is not mentioned, it is implied in "The Puffy Shirt" that George was the winner. However, as the plane is going down in "The Finale", George says he cheated, and Jerry declares himself the true winner. When Jerry asks why he cheated, George simply replies, "Because I'm a cheater!"


title: The Contest

text: In the "Shaq" episode of "Curb Your Enthusiasm" (S02E08), Larry David and Shaquille O'Neal watch "The Contest" together. O'Neal referred to this episode of "Curb Your Enthusiasm" as his favorite.


title: The Contest

text: "The Contest" is referenced in the "Beavis and Butt-Head" book "This Book Sucks" as an excuse to get out of finishing a homework assignment.


title: The Contest

text: In the "Family Guy" episode "Jungle Love", Peter pays the people of a South American village to re-enact "The Contest" as one of them hums the "Seinfeld" scene-changing music. A Shaman plays Elaine, but she says "You can't spare one square?", a reference to "The Stall".


title: The Contest

text: In the "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia" episode "The Gang Does a Clip Show," the gang misremembers this episode as one of their schemes with Dennis and Mac both playing Jerry, Frank playing George, Charlie playing Kramer and Dee playing Elaine, in the scene where Kramer announces he's out.


title: The Contest

text: In the "Mystery Science Theater 3000" episode riffing on "The Beast of Hollow Mountain", Crow delivers a short summary of the episode during an in-character riff.


title: The Contest

text: "The Contest" was the main source of inspiration for Netflix's 2020 reality television dating show "Too Hot to Handle", in which formerly promiscuous contestants are forced to abstain from sexual practices including masturbation as they try to form meaningful relationships with each other.


title: The Contest

text: The Season 5 premiere of "Big Mouth", titled "No Nut November", directly parodies the episode. The main characters agree to abstain from masturbation in an animated version of Monk's Café.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: One of their trademarks is the use of custom-built instruments, predominantly made out of scrap metal and building tools, and noises, in addition to standard musical instruments. Their early albums were unremittingly harsh, with Bargeld's vocals shouted and screamed above a din of banging and scraping metal percussion. Subsequent recordings found the group's sound growing somewhat more conventional, yet still containing many unorthodox elements.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: On 1 April 1980, made their first appearance, at the Moon Club in West Berlin. This first lineup featured Beate Bartel and Gudrun Gut, Blixa Bargeld, and N.U. Unruh. The two female members, Bartel and Gut, left the band after a short period and founded Mania D. Shortly thereafter, Alexander Hacke (alias Alexander von Borsig), a sound technician and multi-instrumentalist who was 15 years old at the time, joined the band and became a longtime member.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: In 1981, percussionist F.M. Einheit (from the Hamburg band ) joined and they released their first LP, (""Collapse""), a mixture of rough punk tunes and industrial noises. The industrial noises were obtained from self-made music machines, electronics, and found objects such as metal plates. The live performances with Einheit in the 1980s included much metal banging and destruction on stage.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: During their first German tour, Mark Chung (previously the bass player with ) joined the group of musicians. This lineup lasted nearly 15 years.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: In 1983, recorded their second album, (""Drawings of Patient O.T.""). The title came from a 1974 book by Leo Navratil, describing the drawings of Oswald Tschirtner. The band also appeared as guest performers on Fad Gadget's "Collapsing New People" 7" single's B-side track "Spoil The Child", recorded at Hansa Tonstudio, Berlin in November 1983.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: Also in 1983, Bargeld joined the band The Birthday Party (featuring Nick Cave and Mick Harvey) as a guitarist. That group soon disbanded, but Bargeld became a longtime member of one of the bands that sprang from it, Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds (again featuring Cave and Harvey). Bargeld remained a full-time member of both and Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds until 2003, when he quit the Bad Seeds in order to focus on .


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: In 1984, , with guests including Genesis P-Orridge, Stevo Pearce, Frank Tovey and others, played a show titled "The Concerto for Voices and Machinery" at the ICA in London. After 20 minutes the venue halted the show when the band began to dig through the venue's stage with drills and jackhammers. 1984 also saw the first release of a best-of and rarities compilation, "Strategies Against Architecture '80–'83".


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: The band's next album, (""Half Man"") in 1985, may be seen as a developmental breakthrough. Musical structure became more evident, and Bargeld's lyrics and, especially, his singing changed. He moved from shouted words and phrases toward organized, poetic melodies.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: The band played a show in Vancouver, Canada, to kick off its third North American tour. The performance was sponsored by the German Goethe Institute as part of the German contribution to "Expo 86". Also scheduled to appear were Test Dept and Skinny Puppy, though not everyone was able to play.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: On the tour, the group's experimental and improvised live performance style occasionally caused difficulties with venue management and law enforcement. A performance at The Palladium in Manhattan ended after an improvised pyrotechnics display. The band ignited lighter fluid in a couple of metal pans, and management stopped the performance and cleared the venue.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: The one-hour film "Halber Mensch" (1986) by Sōgo Ishii documents 's visit to Japan in 1985. The next two albums, (""Five on the open-ended Richterscale"") in 1987 and (""House of the Lie"") in 1989, were great successes in the United States and Japan.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: In 1990, the band tried something completely new, recording the soundtrack for East German playwright Heiner Müller's play (""The Hamlet Machine"") for East German radio . The band image of changed: Blixa Bargeld, formerly wearing punk/industrial style clothes, appeared at the live concerts in a suit.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: 1991 also saw the release of the double album, a best-of and rarities album, "Strategies Against Architecture II". This collection included a musical setting of Heiner Müller's piece (""Explosion of a Memory"" or ""Description of a Picture"").


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: In Vienna, May 1992, performed at The Academy of Fine Arts' 300th anniversary in a show by Erich Wonder, (""The eye of the typhoon"").


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: The next album, "Tabula Rasa" (1993), was an important turning point in the band's history, the music becoming softer and containing more electronic sounds.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: In 1993, the band was booked to support U2 during the European leg of the Zoo TV Tour, but were thrown off the stage and off the tour when a band member threw an iron bar into the booing crowd.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: Mark Chung left the band in 1994 after the recording of for Werner Schwab's play, and made a career in the music industry. F.M. Einheit, who contributed much to the music and sound of the band, left the band a short time later in 1995, during the recording of the album, at least partially because of a conflict with Bargeld. The last track Einheit worked on was . Roland Wolf replaced them on bass guitar and keyboards only a short time before dying in a car accident in 1995.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: A short time later, the band released the album (""Ending New"") in 1996. The title is wordplay on the band's own name (i.e. ""). The song "Stella Maris" – a duet between Bargeld and Hacke's then-wife, singer Meret Becker – became quite famous; a world tour followed the release. During this time, Jochen Arbeit and Rudi Moser (both members of ) joined the band: Arbeit on guitar, and Moser on drums, with Hacke switching to bass guitar. This lineup, accompanied by Ash Wednesday on keyboards for live concerts, has held ever since.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: Alternative Press included Einstürzende Neubauten in their 1996 list of "100 underground inspirations of the past 20 years."


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: In 1997, the album " Remixes" was released, which featured remixes of the songs from by artists such as Barry Adamson, Pan Sonic and Darkus (alias Mark Rutherford); Darkus's remix tracks, with others not included on " Remixes", were made available separately in the same year on "The NNNAAAMMM Remixes By Darkus" release.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: From 27 March to 23 May 2000, celebrated their 20th birthday with a "20th anniversary tour", playing in the Columbiahalle, Berlin on its birthday, 1 April, and released the album "Silence Is Sexy", followed by a world tour. 2001 also saw the release of another double best-of and rarities album, "Strategies Against Architecture III".


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: Since 2001, albums and web projects have been partially produced and supported by Bargeld's wife, Erin Zhu, who also serves as webmaster of 's website.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: In 2002, began work on a new album without the backing of a record label, relying instead upon fan ("supporter") participation in an experiment of a type of Street Performer Protocol combined with an internet community and touches of the patronage system. An exclusive "Supporter Album No. 1", and the "Airplane Miniatures" EP following, were made available in 2003.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: Bargeld left Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds in 2003. In order to go on tour, the band reneged on the idea of creating a supporter-only album, and cooperated with Mute Records to go on tour and release "Perpetuum Mobile" in 2004. Air sounds, such as blowing the plastic pipes with an air compressor, were greatly explored and used for this album: the working title of the album was, for a long while, (""Change of air"").


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: A half-hour documentary about the supporters project, , was made by Ste van Holm and Dihcar, and is available on YouTube.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: The live shows of the "Perpetuum Mobile" Tour were recorded by the band's sound engineers, then burned on CDRs with individual pictures of each show taken by Danielle de Picciotto and sold directly after the concerts; numerous "official" live albums were created during this tour as a result.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: In November 2004, the band went on a mini-tour, which included a supporters-only performance at Berlin's . The performance was filmed and coordinated by Danielle de Picciotto and Ian Williamson and released on the exclusive supporter's DVD at the end of Phase II.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: The band also started a new project called in early 2005. The first CD, , was sent out in May 2005, and was also available for download to subscribers. The project was a "line of releases intended to give the band an outlet for more experimental impulses and exploration." albums were released roughly every 3 months.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: The second CD, (""Incredible noise""), was finished on 15 August, and shipped out (as well as posted for download) shortly after.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: Phase II of the Supporter's project finished in August 2005, and the official site was taken down on 20 September. The supporter album (""Plot of Land"") and DVD (containing footage from the November 2004 performance in Berlin) was shipped in early October 2005.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: " No. 3 " (""Solo bass-spring""), released 8 December, is a collection of bass spring compositions by the individual members of .


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: Phase III of the Supporter's project started on 10 February. On 25 February, the fourth part of the series, "Redux Orchestra versus Einstürzende Neubauten", was completed. One of the new additions to Phase III started in March 2006 was a piece-by-piece album, "Jewels", finally finished in August 2007.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: Danielle de Picciotto, Alexander Hacke's wife and longtime companion, released the DVD documentary " - On tour with .org" which describes the supporter project in detail, having interviewed international supporters during the Perpetuum Mobile tour in 2004.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: " No. 5 " (""Cassettes""), finished 15 May with release scheduled for 31 May. At the same time, (""Everything of any use""), an album that had been in the work since Phase 2, were completed. The album consists of rare live tracks, handpicked by 6 supporters of Phase 2 and mixed by Boris Wilsdorf. This was quickly followed by " No. 6" (""Piano music""), released on 31 August.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: " No. 7 " (""Voice Remainders"") was released on 2 December, consisting of vocal experiments, vocal recordings, and manipulations of voice recordings, enriched with leftover instrumental tracks made with polystyrene, electronic pulses, Hammond organ, bass guitar, and metal percussion.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: It was announced on the band's website that it would be undertaking a "small (mostly) UK tour" in April 2007, but playing in Hannover on 22 April beforehand. " No. 8 " (""Wine spirits"") was released on 6 April, forming the final instalment of the series.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: A new commercial album was made available later in the year, the first release since 2004's "Perpetuum Mobile". The new album, (""All open again""), was released in 2007 without the backing of a label, a move the band had intended to make with "Perpetuum Mobile". Fans who were part of the paid EN community at neubauten.org received access to an album with the same tracks plus a number of extra songs, and an optional DVD about the making of the album. The band also filmed a video for "Nagorny Karabach". They spent the first half of 2008 touring for the album, playing 32 dates in 19 European countries.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: celebrated its 30th anniversary in 2010 with a tour through Europe. An American leg was also planned, but on 29 November 2010 the band announced the cancellation of all U.S. dates due to visa scheduling problems.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: In May 2014, the band announced on their official website that it was back in the studio working on new material. It also announced dates for live shows to be held in November 2014. The album "Lament" was released on 7 November.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: In November 2019, the band announced on their official website that they would release a new studio album in 2020 with an accompanying tour. The album, titled "Alles in Allem", was released on 15 May 2020.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: The album "Alles in Allem" (all in all) was released with 10 songs totalling 44 minutes and 6 seconds, taking a new spin on their previous music with a gothier twist with a “chill” style while keeping the presence of heavy electronic elements while maintaining their strange sound.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: The band name is usually translated into English as "Collapsing New Buildings". (""new buildings"") is a general term referring to buildings constructed in Germany after 1945. These are often regarded as cheaper, flimsier, and less aesthetically attractive than , or pre-1945, especially pre-modernist buildings. Due to the extensive destruction throughout Germany during the Second World War, and the extensive rebuilding thereafter, constitute a very familiar element of German cities.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: The band's name attracted unexpected attention when on 21 May 1980, not two months after the band's forming, the roof of the Berlin Congress Hall famously collapsed, killing one person and injuring many. The resulting media attention surrounding the collapse of the German-American icon gave the meaning of their name a new dimension.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: The Einstürzende Neubauten logo is an appropriation by the band of an archaic ideogram or petroglyph. It appears to be a stick figure with a circled dot or sol () as its head. The provenance of the logo has been attributed to the sacred ring of Stonehenge, or possibly to an Olmec Native American cave, and most directly in one source to ancient Chinese origins.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: The logo is placed on all of the band's official products, such as vinyl/CD/DVD covers, posters, artwork, and memorabilia. The logo is copyrighted by the band. Blixa Bargeld said that by re-purposing a Toltec petroglyph, whose meaning was purposefully undefined, as their band logo, it would be "filled" with meaning later.


title: Einstürzende Neubauten

text: Singers Henry Rollins, Joakim Thåström, Gareth Liddiard and Alexis S.F. Marshall all have the logo tattooed.


title: Man of La Mancha

text: Man of La Mancha is a 1965 musical with a book by Dale Wasserman, music by Mitch Leigh, and lyrics by Joe Darion. It is adapted from Wasserman's non-musical 1959 teleplay "I, Don Quixote", which was in turn inspired by Miguel de Cervantes and his 17th-century novel "Don Quixote". It tells the story of the "mad" knight Don Quixote as a play within a play, performed by Cervantes and his fellow prisoners as he awaits a hearing with the Spanish Inquisition. The work is not and does not pretend to be a faithful rendition of either Cervantes' life or "Don Quixote". Wasserman complained repeatedly about people taking the work as a musical version of "Don Quixote".


title: Man of La Mancha

text: The original 1965 Broadway production ran for 2,328 performances and won five Tony Awards, including Best Musical. The musical has been revived four times on Broadway, becoming one of the most enduring works of musical theatre.


title: Man of La Mancha

text: "The Impossible Dream", the principal song in the show, became a standard. The musical has played in many other countries around the world, with productions in Dutch, French (translation by Jacques Brel), German, Hebrew, Irish, Estonian, Japanese, Korean, Bengali, Gujarati, Uzbek, Bulgarian, Hungarian, Serbian, Slovenian, Swahili, Finnish, Chinese, Ukrainian, Turkish, and nine distinctly different dialects of the Spanish language.


title: Man of La Mancha

text: "Man of La Mancha" was first performed at the Goodspeed Opera House in East Haddam, Connecticut, in 1965, and had its New York premiere on the thrust stage of the ANTA Washington Square Theatre in 1965.


title: Man of La Mancha

text: "Man of La Mancha" started as a non-musical teleplay written by Dale Wasserman for CBS's "DuPont Show of the Month" program. This original telecast starred Lee J. Cobb, Colleen Dewhurst (who replaced Viveca Lindfors), and Eli Wallach and was performed on a television sound stage. The DuPont Corporation disliked the title "Man of La Mancha", thinking that its viewing audience would not know what La Mancha actually meant, so a new title, "I, Don Quixote", was chosen. The play was broadcast live on November 9, 1959, with an estimated audience of 20 million. The New York Public Library at Lincoln Center, Billy Rose Collection, has a rare tape of this broadcast.


title: Man of La Mancha

text: Years after this television broadcast and after the original teleplay had been unsuccessfully optioned as a non-musical Broadway play, director Albert Marre called Wasserman and suggested that he turn his play into a musical. Mitch Leigh was selected as composer, with orchestrations by Carlyle W. Hall. Unusually for the time, this show was scored for an orchestra with no violins or other traditional orchestral stringed instruments apart from a double bass, instead making heavier use of brass, woodwinds, percussion and utilizing flamenco guitars as the only stringed instruments of any sort.


title: Man of La Mancha

text: The original lyricist of the musical was poet W. H. Auden, but his lyrics were discarded, some of them considered too overtly satiric and biting, attacking the bourgeois audience at times. Auden's lyrics were replaced by those of Joe Darion.


title: Man of La Mancha

text: The musical first played at the Goodspeed Opera House in Connecticut in 1965. Rex Harrison was to be the original star of this production, but although Harrison had starred in a musical role in the stage and film versions of "My Fair Lady", the musical demands of the role of Don Quixote were too heavy for him.


title: Man of La Mancha

text: After 22 previews, the musical opened off-Broadway at the experimental thrust-stage ANTA Washington Square Theatre in Greenwich Village on November 22, 1965. The show moved to Broadway to the Martin Beck Theatre on March 20, 1968, then to the Eden Theatre on March 3, 1971, and finally to the Mark Hellinger Theatre on May 26, 1971, for its last month, a total original Broadway run of 2,328 performances. Musical staging and direction were by Albert Marre, choreography was by Jack Cole, and Howard Bay was the scenic and lighting designer, with costumes by Bay and Patton Campbell.


title: Man of La Mancha

text: Richard Kiley won a Tony Award for his performance as Cervantes/Quixote in the original production, and it made Kiley a bona fide Broadway star. Kiley was replaced in the original Broadway run by first Jose Ferrer on Broadway and in the 1966 National Tour, and then by operatic baritone David Atkinson. Atkinson also performed Cervantes/Quixote in the 1968 National Tour and for all of the matinee performances in the 1972 Broadway revival, which also starred Kiley.


title: Man of La Mancha

text: The original cast also included Irving Jacobson (Sancho), Ray Middleton (Innkeeper), Robert Rounseville (The Padre), and Joan Diener (Aldonza). John Cullum, Hal Holbrook, and Lloyd Bridges also played Cervantes and Don Quixote during the run of the production. Keith Andes also played the role.


title: Man of La Mancha

text: The musical was performed on a single set that suggested a dungeon. All changes in location were created by alterations in the lighting, by the use of props supposedly lying around the floor of the dungeon, and by reliance on the audience's imagination. More recent productions, however, have added more scenery.


title: Man of La Mancha

text: The original West End London production was at the Piccadilly Theatre, opening on April 24, 1968, and running for 253 performances. Keith Michell starred, with Joan Diener reprising her original role and Bernard Spear as Sancho.


title: Man of La Mancha

text: In the film "Man of La Mancha" (1972), the title role went to Peter O'Toole (singing voice dubbed by Simon Gilbert), James Coco was Sancho, and Sophia Loren was Aldonza.


title: Man of La Mancha

text: Hal Linden played Quixote in the show's 1988 U.S. National tour, and Robert Goulet played Quixote in the 1997–98 U.S. National tour.


title: Man of La Mancha

text: A studio-made recording of the score was released in 1996, conducted by Paul Gemignani and starring Plácido Domingo as Quixote, Mandy Patinkin as Sancho, Julia Migenes as Aldonza, Jerry Hadley as the Priest and Samuel Ramey as the Innkeeper.


title: Man of La Mancha

text: In 2014, "Man of La Mancha" featured as part of the Stratford Festival in Stratford, Ontario, Canada.


title: Man of La Mancha

text: The Shakespeare Theatre Company produced "Man of La Mancha" as part of their 2014–2015 season. The production starred Anthony Warlow as Quixote and Amber Iman as Aldonza/Dulcinea.


title: Man of La Mancha

text: In 2019, the play received a West End revival with a production at the London Coliseum. Kelsey Grammer starred as Cervantes/Quixote, Danielle de Niese and Cassidy Janson as Aldonza/Dulcinea, Peter Polycarpou as Sancho, and Nicholas Lyndhurst as the Governor/Innkeeper.


title: Man of La Mancha

text: In the late sixteenth century, failed author-soldier-actor and tax collector Miguel de Cervantes has been thrown into a dungeon by the Spanish Inquisition, along with his manservant. They have been charged with foreclosing on a monastery. Their fellow prisoners attack them, eager to steal the contents of the large trunk Cervantes has brought with him. However, a sympathetic criminal known as "the Governor" suggests setting up a mock trial instead. Only if Cervantes is found guilty will he have to hand over his possessions. A cynical prisoner, known as "the Duke," charges Cervantes with being an idealist and a bad poet. Cervantes pleads guilty, but then asks if he may offer a defense, in the form of a play, acted out by him and all the prisoners. The "Governor" agrees.


title: Man of La Mancha

text: Cervantes takes out a makeup kit and costume from his trunk, and transforms himself into Alonso Quijano, an old gentleman who has read so many books of chivalry and thought so much about injustice that he has lost his mind and set out as a knight-errant. Quijano renames himself Don Quixote de La Mancha, and goes off to find adventures with his "squire", Sancho Panza. ("Man of La Mancha (I, Don Quixote)")


title: Man of La Mancha

text: Don Quixote warns Sancho that they are always in danger of being attacked by Quixote's mortal enemy, an evil magician known as the Enchanter. Suddenly he spots a windmill, mistakes it for a four-armed giant, attacks it, and receives a beating from the encounter. Quixote decides that he lost the battle because he was never properly knighted. He then mistakes a rundown inn for a castle and orders Sancho to announce their arrival by blowing his bugle.


title: Man of La Mancha

text: Cervantes talks some prisoners into assuming the roles of the inn's serving wench and part-time prostitute Aldonza, and a group of muleteers who are propositioning her. Aldonza fends them off sarcastically ("It's All The Same"), but eventually deigns to accept their leader, Pedro, who pays in advance.


title: Man of La Mancha

text: Don Quixote enters with Sancho, asking for the lord of the castle. The Innkeeper (played by The Governor) humors Don Quixote as best he can. Quixote sees Aldonza and declares that she is his lady, Dulcinea, to whom he has sworn eternal loyalty ("Dulcinea"). Aldonza, used to rough treatment, is first flabbergasted and then annoyed at Quixote's kindness, and is further aggravated when the Muleteers turn Quixote's tender ballad into a mocking serenade.


title: Man of La Mancha

text: Meanwhile, Antonia, Don Quixote's niece, has gone with Quixote's housekeeper to seek advice from the local priest, who realizes that the two women are more concerned with the embarrassment Quixote's madness may bring them than with his actual welfare ("I'm Only Thinking of Him").


title: Man of La Mancha

text: Cervantes chooses "the Duke" to play Dr. Sanson Carrasco, Antonia's fiancé, a man just as cynical and self-centered as the prisoner who is playing him. Carrasco is upset at the idea of marrying into the family of a madman, but the priest convinces Carrasco that it would be a worthy challenge to use his abilities to cure his prospective uncle-in-law. Carrasco and the priest set out to bring Don Quixote back home ("I'm Only Thinking of Him [Reprise]").


title: Man of La Mancha

text: Back at the inn, Sancho delivers a missive from Don Quixote to Aldonza courting her favor and asking for a token of her esteem. Aldonza provides the requested token: an old dishrag. She asks Sancho why he follows Quixote, but he can come up with no explanation other than "I Really Like Him". Alone, Aldonza ponders Quixote's behavior and her inability to laugh at him ("What Do You Want of Me?"). In the courtyard, the muleteers once again taunt Aldonza with a suggestive song ("Little Bird, Little Bird"). Pedro makes arrangements with her for an assignation later.


title: Man of La Mancha

text: The priest and Dr. Carrasco arrive, but cannot reason with Don Quixote. Quixote becomes distracted by a barber who passes by the inn, wearing his shaving basin on his head to ward off the sun's heat ("The Barber's Song"). Quixote threatens the barber with a sword and snatches the basin, declaring it is the "Golden Helmet of Mambrino", which makes its wearer invulnerable. Dr. Carrasco and the priest leave, with the priest impressed by Don Quixote's view of life and wondering if curing him is really worthwhile ("To Each His Dulcinea").


title: Man of La Mancha

text: Quixote still wishes to be officially dubbed a knight: he plans to stand vigil all night over his armor in the inn's courtyard, and then have the Innkeeper (whom he mistakes for a nobleman) grant him knighthood the following morning. Aldonza encounters Quixote in the courtyard and confronts him; Quixote does his best to explain the ideals he follows and the quest he is on ("The Impossible Dream"). Pedro enters, furious at being kept waiting, and slaps Aldonza. Enraged, Don Quixote takes him and all the other muleteers on in a fight ("The Combat"). Don Quixote has no martial skill, but by luck and determination – and with the help of Aldonza and Sancho – he prevails, and the muleteers are all knocked unconscious. But the noise attracts the attention of the Innkeeper, who tells Quixote that he must leave. Quixote apologizes for the trouble but reminds the Innkeeper of his promise to dub him knight. The Innkeeper does so ("Knight of the Woeful Countenance").


title: Man of La Mancha

text: Quixote then declares that he must comfort the wounded muleteers, because chivalry requires kindness to one's enemies. Aldonza, impressed, says that she will help the muleteers instead. But when she comes to them with bandages, they beat her, rape her, and carry her off ("The Abduction"). Quixote, unaware of this, contemplates his recent victory and new knighthood ("The Impossible Dream" – first reprise).


title: Man of La Mancha

text: At this point, the Don Quixote play is brutally interrupted when the Inquisition enters the dungeon and drags off an unwilling prisoner to be tried. The Duke taunts Cervantes for his look of fear, and accuses him of not facing reality. This prompts Cervantes to passionately defend his idealism.


title: Man of La Mancha

text: The Don Quixote play resumes ("Man of La Mancha" – first reprise). Quixote and Sancho have left the inn and encounter a band of Gypsies ("Moorish Dance") who take advantage of Quixote's naiveté and steal everything they own, including Quixote's horse Rocinante and Sancho's donkey Dapple. Quixote and Sancho are forced to return to the inn. Aldonza also shows up at the inn, bruised and ashamed. Quixote swears to avenge her, but she tells him off, flinging her real, pitiful history in his face and blaming him for allowing her a glimpse of a life she can never have. She begs him to see her as she really is but Quixote can only see her as his Dulcinea ("Aldonza").


title: Man of La Mancha

text: Suddenly, another knight enters. He announces himself as Don Quixote's mortal enemy, the Enchanter, in the form of the "Knight of the Mirrors". He insults Aldonza, so Quixote challenges him to combat. The Knight of the Mirrors and his attendants bear huge mirrored shields, and as they swing them at Quixote ("Knight of the Mirrors"), the glare blinds him. The Knight taunts Quixote, forcing him to see himself as the world sees him: a fool and a madman. Don Quixote collapses, weeping. The Knight of the Mirrors removes his helmet – he is really Dr. Carrasco, returned with his latest plan to cure Quixote.


title: Man of La Mancha

text: Cervantes announces that the story is finished, but the prisoners are dissatisfied with the ending. They prepare to burn his manuscript when he asks for the chance to present one last scene. The governor agrees.


title: Man of La Mancha

text: Quixote is back at home, and has fallen into a coma. Sancho tries to cheer him up ("A Little Gossip"), and Alonso opens his eyes. He is now sane: he gives his name as Alonso Quijano and thinks his knightly career was just a dream. However, he feels close to death, and asks the priest to help him make out his will. Aldonza suddenly forces her way into the room. She has come to visit Quixote because she can no longer bear to be anyone but Dulcinea. When he does not recognize her, she sings a reprise of "Dulcinea" and tries to help him remember the words of "The Impossible Dream." Suddenly, he remembers everything and rises from his bed, calling for his armor and sword so that he may set out again ("Man of La Mancha" – second reprise). But it is too late – in mid-song, he cries out and falls dead. The priest sings "The Psalm" (Psalm 130 in Latin) for the dead. Sancho is distraught at his friend's death. Aldonza tries to comfort him, saying that Alonso Quijano may be dead but Don Quixote lives on. When Sancho addresses her as Aldonza, she replies, "My name is Dulcinea."


title: Man of La Mancha

text: The Inquisition enters to take Cervantes to his trial, and the prisoners, finding him not guilty, return his manuscript. It is his (as yet) unfinished novel, "Don Quixote". As Cervantes and his servant mount the staircase to go to their impending trial, the prisoners, led by the girl who played Dulcinea, sing "The Impossible Dream" in chorus.


title: Doogie Kameāloha, M.D.

text: Doogie Kameāloha, M.D. is an American family medical comedy-drama developed by Kourtney Kang that is based on the 1989–93 ABC television series "Doogie Howser, M.D.". It stars Peyton Elizabeth Lee as the title character of Lahela "Doogie" Kameāloha, and Kathleen Rose Perkins, Jeffrey Bowyer-Chapman, Jason Scott Lee, and Ronny Chieng in supporting roles. The series premiered September 8, 2021 on Disney+. In February 2022, the series was renewed for a second season.


title: Doogie Kameāloha, M.D.

text: Lahela "Doogie" Kameāloha is a child prodigy juggling her teenage life and family with an early medical career, as well as having to deal with balancing her relationship with her mother, who is also her boss. Lahela has the nickname "Doogie" from the television show "Doogie Howser, M.D." which others have watched.


title: Doogie Kameāloha, M.D.

text: It was announced in April 2020 that a female-led remake of "Doogie Howser, M.D." was put into development at Disney+, developed by Kourtney Kang. The series is set in Hawaii to reflect Kang's background. In September 2020, it was picked to series by Disney+. In January 2021, Peyton Elizabeth Lee was cast in the titular role, with Kathleen Rose Perkins, Jeffrey Bowyer-Chapman, and Jason Scott Lee cast as leads. Mapuana Makia and Matthew Sato joined the cast as series regulars in the following months. In March 2021, Ronny Chieng joined in a recurring role while Emma Meisel was cast in a main role. Filming began on December 7, 2020, in Honolulu and Los Angeles. On February 3, 2022, Disney+ renewed the series for a second season.


title: Doogie Kameāloha, M.D.

text: The series premiered on Disney+ on September 8, 2021. The rest of the episodes were released weekly on Wednesdays.


title: Doogie Kameāloha, M.D.

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 92% approval rating with an average rating of 6.6/10, based on 13 critic reviews. The website's critics consensus reads, "With a winning cast and a great bedside manner, "Doogie Kamealoha, M.D." pays homage to its predecessor while successfully carving its own charming path." Metacritic gave the series a weighted average score of 75 out of 100 based on 5 critic reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


title: Doogie Kameāloha, M.D.

text: Daniel Fienberg of "The Hollywood Reporter" stated that the series serves as an example of how a franchise can be modernized across time, claiming it succeeds to provide a story that can appeal to the nostalgic audience of "Doogie Howser, M.D." and still manages to be a good story that can stand on its own, while complimenting the performances of the cast. Joel Keller of "Decider" claimed that the show manages to distinguish itself from "Doogie Howser, M.D" by creating its own identity, citing its gender-flipped lead character and the story sets in Hawaii, found the series funny and family-oriented, and praised the chemistry between the actors and their performances. Caroline Framke of "Variety" described the show as a sweet, bright, and earnest Disney Channel sitcom. Polly Conway of "Common Sense Media" rated the series 4 out of 5 stars, acclaimed the depiction of positive messages, citing compassion, courage, and teamwork, applauded the presence of positive role models, stating that Peyton Elizabeth Lee's character demonstrates sensitivity and consideration for the needs of other individuals, while complimenting the diversity of the cast members.


title: Persepolis Rising

text: Persepolis Rising is a science fiction novel by James S. A. Corey, the pen name of Daniel Abraham and Ty Franck, and the seventh book in their series "The Expanse". The title of the novel was announced in September 2016 and the cover was revealed on December 12, 2016.


title: Persepolis Rising

text: Twenty-eight years have passed since the events of "Babylon's Ashes" and Earth is back on its feet after the attack that crippled the planet in "Nemesis Games". The crew of the aging gunship "Rocinante" are still together, working contracts for the Transport Union, who have control of the Ring station and the 1,300 worlds the gates lead to. No one has heard from Admiral Duarte and his rogue fleet in the thirty years since they broke away from the Martian Congressional Republic Navy, until now. They have spent their time in the Laconia system building an advanced fleet using leftover technology from the protomolecule creators. They return through their gate to take over Medina Station and launch an attack on the Sol system.


title: Persepolis Rising

text: A review on "Elitist Book Reviews" praised the characterization in the novel, saying "Characterization in this book was on point. In fact, it’s likely the best they’ve done in the series. There were so many moments that had me holding my breath, or whispering “no…”, and seriously tearing up." Andrew Liptak of "The Verge" was slightly critical of the book, however, saying "["Persepolis Rising"] does fall short in some places. The Laconians feel too much like a stereotypical evil empire, complete with super weapons and armored foot soldiers. Singh himself feels particularly naïve — it should be obvious why governments don’t want to accept Laconian rule. One would think a powerful military power would have a more realistic understanding of invasion forces and dealing with insurgencies. Even if the series is reaching for new stakes in its final arc, it’s less interesting than the nuanced politics of past books."


title: Persepolis Rising

text: Niall Alexander of "Tor.com" praised the dark tones and themes of the novel, saying "Though the seventh part of The Expanse opens on an unusually hopeful note, with humanity writ large finally united and our ever-hopeful heroes planning happy retirements, Persepolis Rising is ultimately among the darkest chapters of this insatiable saga. It takes a little longer than I’d like to get going, but when it does, Persepolis Rising proves as pulse-pounding and poignant as any of its powerful predecessors, and given how near the end is from here, I don’t expect there to be another dull moment before the whole story’s over."


title: Persepolis Rising

text: "Auberon" is a short story published by James S. A Corey set between "Persepolis Rising" and its sequel "Tiamat's Wrath" on November 12, 2019. It consists of 63 pages. The novella was received well, with an average rating on Goodreads of 4.5 stars.


title: The Zoya Factor (film)

text: The Zoya Factor is a 2019 Indian Hindi-language sports romantic drama film directed by Abhishek Sharma. Based on Anuja Chauhan's 2008 novel of the same name, the film stars Sonam Kapoor and Dulquer Salmaan. It was released on 20 September 2019.


title: The Zoya Factor (film)

text: Zoya Singh Solanki is forever jinxed in her love life and professional life which reach an all-time low when her rich dentist boyfriend dumps her, and her boss at the ad agency grows displeased with her inefficient work. But soon, her luck sends her to Sri Lanka to shoot an ad film with the Indian cricket team. Zoya accidentally meets Nikhil Khoda, the Indian team captain who is a staunch believer of hard work and against his team's dependence on superstitions. When Zoya gets invited to a breakfast with the team, she reveals that she was born the day when India won its first World Cup. This makes the team believe that Zoya could be their lucky mascot.


title: The Zoya Factor (film)

text: Her luck rubs off sensationally when the team wins the match in Sri Lanka. This irks Nikhil, who is attracted to Zoya but is also irritated by the media for giving her the credit for their wins. Nikhil is at loggerheads with Robin, the previous captain of the Indian Cricket Team whose uncle is the President of the Board. When the Board hears about Zoya's lucky charm they decide to hire her as their Official Lucky Mascot. Nikhil is displeased with this and tells Zoya to leave immediately. An angry Zoya goes back home. Later, however, Nikhil visits her and apologizes for his actions and also expresses his true feelings for her which Zoya happily accepts. Zoya turns down the offer of the Board and pursues a relationship with Nikhil. To make Zoya return, Robin gives another Ad contract to AWB with Zoya being made the head. Zoya is extremely happy as it gives her more time with Nikhil and is a changing point in her career.


title: The Zoya Factor (film)

text: Despite trying their best to keep their relationship a secret, Robin eventually finds out about Zoya and Nikhil's affair. He warns Zoya about Nikhil's intentions claiming that Nikhil only wants Zoya for himself so that he can be the star player.


title: The Zoya Factor (film)

text: Initially, Zoya doesn't believe Robin but after he sends her a video about a previous conversation Nikhil had with a reporter where Nikhil is advised by the reporter to make Zoya fall in love with him by his charms so that she would reject the offer, Zoya is left heartbroken. She confronts Nikhil who tries to tell her that Robin is using her to get to him, but in vain. After Nikhil offers Zoya double the amount of the original contract to stay away from his team, Zoya breaks up with him and instead takes the Board's offer to become the Lucky Mascot.


title: The Zoya Factor (film)

text: Zoya becomes a sensation and is hailed as the "Cricket Goddess" as Team India continues to win matches. Zoya is given more credit by the media than the team. Nikhil requests the Board to leave Zoya out of one match which is not very important for the team. Despite being an easy match, Robin purposely loses making everyone believe Zoya is indeed their Lucky Mascot and they cannot win without her.


title: The Zoya Factor (film)

text: After being made a Goddess for an ad shoot, Zoya comes to realise that even if Team India wins The World Cup, people would believe it is because of her rather than Nikhil's hard work. Realising that both Robin and his uncle have been using her to oust Nikhil from captaincy, Zoya breaks the contract and refuses to come to the Final Match between India and Sri Lanka. Zoya apologizes to Nikhil and wishes him luck for the next day. The next morning, the BCCI calls Zoya a traitor and hundreds of people gather outside her house pelting stones.


title: The Zoya Factor (film)

text: The Indian Cricket Team are sure about their loss without Zoya but after Nikhil gives them a speech about how each one of them has worked hard to reach here and didn't need a Zoya Factor, implying that they certainly do not need one now. The team plays well and despite Robin's efforts to drown them, Team India emerges as the winner as everyone comes to believe that they do not need a Lucky Mascot for their win. Nikhil later shows up at Zoya's house claiming his love for her and they reconcile.


title: The Zoya Factor (film)

text: In the epilogue, Nikhil and Zoya get married and make it a rule to never have breakfast before a match. The Indian Cricket Team finally lets go of their superstitions and believes in working hard. Robin and his uncle are suspended by the BCCI for foul play. Zoya finally resigns from her job and opens her ad agency.


title: The Zoya Factor (film)

text: In an interview, director Abhishek Sharma described the film to "Mumbai Mirror" as "Cricket woven into a rom-com and touching on superstition and luck." The film is based on the novel penned by Anuja Chauhan. She has also written additional dialogues for the film. Initially, Shah Rukh Khan bought rights to film the movie. But since the project did not take off three years after, Red Chillies Entertainment lost the rights and in 2013, Pooja Shetty acquired the adaptation rights of The Zoya Factor. Nevertheless, Khan served as a narrator for the film.


title: The Zoya Factor (film)

text: Principal photography commenced in Mumbai on 29 August 2018. Dulquer Salmaan joined the cast from 31 August 2018. The cricket sequences were filmed at DY Patil Stadium, Navi Mumbai.


title: The Zoya Factor (film)

text: The music of the film is composed by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy while lyrics are written by Amitabh Bhattacharya.


title: The Zoya Factor (film)

text: Initially the release date as 5 April 2019 was announced for the film, which was advanced to 14 June 2019, for a release during the 2019 Cricket World Cup. But finally, it was slated to release on 20 September, post the Cricket World Cup by Fox Star Studios. In February, to promote the movie, Sonam Kapoor changed her social media handles to her character's name, 'Zoya Singh Solanki'. A first look poster giving the release date of the film was released on 23 May. Release of the Sonam Kapoor – Dulquer Salmaan starrer The Zoya Factor postponed from June to 20 September. The official promo of film was released on 24 August 2019 through which the launch date of the trailer of the film has also been announced. The video appears to have been inspired by teleshopping ads. It features actor Pankaj Dheer where he introduce the 'Zoya Kavach' and tells how it helped in bringing fortune in his life. With the unique promotional strategy the makers have introduced some more new products under the 'Zoya Kavach' ahead of the trailer release. Another promotional video was released which features a look alike of Indian cricket team captain who is seen praying to God and kissing his lucky charm – the Zoya locket before getting to the crease during a match. Many promotional videos were released by the makers where people shares different stories about Zoya Kavach which helped in bringing luck in their lives. "The Zoya Factor" was released in United Arab Emirates on 19 September 2019, a day before its India release.


title: The Zoya Factor (film)

text: The film received mixed reviews from critics. The Times of India gave 3.5 out of 5 stars stating ""The Zoya Factor" is a fun, frothy film that pits superstitions versus strategy and self-belief versus luck. And delightfully uses India's cricket craze to deliver a thoroughly enjoyable, entertaining film". Priyanka Sinha Jha of News18 gave 3.5 out of 5 stating that "With its quirky premise, "The Zoya Factor" is light and frothy just as romcoms should be, and ticks against all boxes especially the prerequisite combo of a tall, dark and handsome hero and a good-looking yet naïve heroine."


title: The Zoya Factor (film)

text: Bollywood Hungama rated it 3 out of 5 commenting that ""The Zoya Factor" is a feel-good popcorn entertainer that works chiefly due to concept, treatment, humour and performances."


title: The Zoya Factor (film)

text: The Indian Express gave 2.5 out of 5 stars stating "For a rom-com which needs to be light on its feet, hitting fours and sixes as it goes along, the writing is not as supple as it should have been. Too many slog overs here".


title: The Zoya Factor (film)

text: "The Zoya Factor" opened to a slow start at the box office, with low occupancies. The film earned about on its opening day and each on the second and third day, taking its total opening weekend collection to in India. It grossed a total of from India and from overseas, the film has grossed worldwide in its final run. With a budget of 330 million, the film was a box office disaster.


The 2020 United States presidential election in Virginia was held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020, as part of the 2020 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. Virginia voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote, pitting the Republican Party's nominee, incumbent President Donald Trump, and running mate Vice President Mike Pence against Democratic Party nominee, former Vice President Joe Biden, and his running mate California Senator Kamala Harris. Virginia has 13 electoral votes in the Electoral College.


title: 2020 United States presidential election in Virginia

text: Prior to the election, most news organizations considered this a state Biden would win, or a likely blue state. On the day of the election, Biden won Virginia with 54.11% of the vote, and by a margin of 10.11%, the best performance for a Democratic presidential candidate since Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1944. Biden became the first Democratic nominee to win Chesterfield County and Lynchburg City since 1948, Virginia Beach City since 1964, James City County since 1968, and Stafford County since 1976. He also flipped Chesapeake City back to the Democratic Party. Trump flipped no counties or independent cities in the state. Nevertheless, Biden became the first Democrat since 1992 to win without Buckingham County, and the first since 1960 to win without Westmoreland County, a notable bellwether.


text: The diversification of Northern Virginia as well as sliding suburban support for Republicans allowed Biden to win the once-key battleground state without actively campaigning in it. Biden won Henrico County, Loudoun County, Prince William County, and Fairfax County with 63.7%, 61.5%, 62.6%, and 69.9%, respectively; all four were former suburban bastions of the Republican Party in Virginia, the first outside Richmond and the others in Northern Virginia. All four had voted Republican in every election from 1968 through 2000. In Arlington County, a closer DC-area suburban county that had turned Democratic several decades earlier, Biden won with 80.6% of the vote, becoming the first nominee of either party in more than a century to crack 80% there. Biden's combined margin in Fairfax, Prince William, Loudoun, and Arlington Counties was greater than his statewide margin of victory. Crucially for his performance in Northern Virginia, Biden carried government workers by 18%.


text: In this election, Virginia weighed in as 5.6% more Democratic than the nation as a whole. Although Virginia was considered a reliably Republican state at the presidential level from 1952 to 2004 (having only gone to the Democrats once during that period, in Lyndon B. Johnson's 1964 landslide), it has not voted Republican in a presidential election since 2004. Migration into counties in Northern Virginia close to Washington, D.C. has tilted these densely populated areas towards the Democrats. This was the first election since 1988 that a presidential candidate won Virginia by double digits (George H. W. Bush having carried the state by 20.5% in his first run), and the first election in which any presidential candidate received over 2 million votes in Virginia.


text: As fellow Southern state Georgia tilted towards Biden, he became the first Democrat since Harry Truman in 1948 to carry both states. Conversely, Virginia and Florida continued drifting apart after a more-than-100-year run (from 1880 through 2012) of voting alike in almost every election (only voting differently in 1976 and 1996, when the Democratic nominees won Florida but lost Virginia.) In 2016, Hillary Clinton became the first Democrat since Reconstruction to win Virginia while losing Florida, a pattern that would be repeated with Biden in 2020. This was also the first election in which a former Confederate state backed a Democratic candidate by a margin of victory greater than 10% since 1996, when Arkansas and Louisiana did so for Bill Clinton.


text: The Virginia Republican Party is one of several state GOP parties that have officially canceled their respective primaries and caucuses. Donald Trump's re-election campaign and GOP officials have cited the fact that Republicans canceled several state primaries when George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush sought a second term in 1992 and 2004, respectively; and Democrats scrapped some of their primaries when Bill Clinton and Barack Obama were seeking reelection in 1996 and 2012, respectively. At the Virginia State Republican Convention, originally scheduled for May 2020 but postponed to August 15, 2020, the state party will formally bind all 48 of its national pledged delegates to Trump.


text: The Virginia Democratic primary took place on March 3, 2020, as part of the "Super Tuesday" suite of elections.


text: The Green Party of Virginia conducted an online ranked choice primary from April 20 to April 26, 2020.


title: Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.

text: Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. is an American situation comedy that originally aired on CBS from September 25, 1964, to May 2, 1969. The series was a spin-off of "The Andy Griffith Show", and the pilot episode was aired as the season finale of the fourth season of its parent series on May 18, 1964. The show ran for a total of 150 half-hour episodes spanning over five seasons, in black-and-white for the first season, and then in color for the remaining four seasons. In 2006, CBS Home Entertainment (distributed by Paramount) began releasing the series on DVD. The final season was released in November 2008.


title: Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.

text: Like its parent series, "Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C." was also a major ratings hit, never placing lower than tenth in the Nielsen ratings, and ended its run as the second-highest-rated series in the United States. It has enjoyed continued popularity through reruns and DVD releases. The series was created by Aaron Ruben, who also produced the show with Sheldon Leonard and Ronald Jacobs. Filmed and set in California, it stars Jim Nabors as Gomer Pyle, a naïve but good-natured gas station attendant from the town of Mayberry, North Carolina, who enlists in the United States Marine Corps. Frank Sutton plays Gomer's high-octane, short-fused Gunnery Sergeant Vince Carter, and Ronnie Schell plays Gomer's friend Duke Slater. Roy Stuart portrayed Corporal Chuck Boyle, GySgt Carter's good-natured sidekick. Allan Melvin played in the recurring role of Gunnery Sergeant Carter's rival, Staff Sergeant Charley Hacker.


title: Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.

text: Everett Greenbaum and Jim Fritzell, writers for "The Andy Griffith Show", are credited with creating the character of Gomer Pyle. The character was based on an "incompetent" gas station attendant whom Greenbaum met and named after Gomer Cool (a writer) and Denver Pyle (an actor on "The Andy Griffith Show"). Jim Nabors was cast to play Gomer; he had been performing for a Santa Monica nightclub, The Horn, when Andy Griffith discovered him. Though originally intended to appear in only one episode, Gomer proved popular, and after appearing in seasons 3 and 4, Nabors was given his own spin-off produced by Aaron Ruben. The pilot episode of "Gomer Pyle" was filmed in 1963 as part of "The Andy Griffith Show", but was not aired until 1964, as the finale of "The Andy Griffith Show"s fourth season.


title: Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.

text: The 1960s saw a return to "the more mundane sensibilities of comedy," due to viewers' wishes for television programming to be a "cultural antidepressant." Thus, fantasy- and rurally-oriented comedies gained popularity and dominated the Nielsen ratings. Like other comedies at the time, "Gomer Pyle" was a "deep escapist" show; it avoided political commentary and offered viewers a distraction from the social changes of the 1960s. Despite being a military-themed show and airing during the peak of the Vietnam War, the show never discussed the war. Instead, the show was founded on "Gomer's innocent simplicity [and] Sergeant Carter's frustration and later concern for Gomer's well-being." This, compounded with the popularity of rural comedies in the 1960s, made the show popular. Frank Sutton, who played Carter, ascribed the show's popularity to its concentration on its two main characters, and the plots being built around their respective personalities. The program remained in the top 10 of the ratings throughout its run—in the top three for all but its third season when CBS moved it from Fridays to Wednesdays. Nabors quit because he desired to move to something else, "reach for another rung on the ladder, either up or down."


title: Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.

text: After "Gomer Pyle" left the air, Jim Nabors hosted his own variety show, "The Jim Nabors Hour", from 1969 to 1971. As well as showcasing Nabors' singing and rich baritone voice, the show included comedy sketches that featured Nabors's "Gomer Pyle" co-stars Frank Sutton and Ronnie Schell. Though told that he should not leave "Gomer Pyle", Nabors felt that the show would still be exciting and noted that every character he portrayed in his sketches "turn[ed] out to be Gomer."


title: Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.

text: The show was produced by creator Aaron Ruben, "Andy Griffith Show" producer Sheldon Leonard (in partnership with Griffith), and Ronald Jacobs; it was co-produced by Bruce Bayley Johnson and Duke Vincent. Among the writers were Sam Bobrick, Harvey Miller, Aaron Ruben, Jack Elinson, and Bill Idelson; "Andy Griffith Show" writers Everett Greenbaum and Jim Fritzell also wrote episodes. Coby Ruskin was the primary director in the first four seasons, before John Rich took over the role for the fifth season; other directors included Gary Nelson, Peter Baldwin, and Alan Rafkin. Ruth Burch was in charge of the casting, and John Finger directed the cinematography. The theme song was composed by Earle Hagen, who also composed the themes for shows such as "The Andy Griffith Show", "The Dick Van Dyke Show", and "That Girl".