title: Ievan polkka

text: Very popular after World War II, the song was almost forgotten during the late 1970s and 1980s. The song resurfaced after an a cappella performance by the Finnish quartet Loituma, which was first released on their debut album, "Loituma", in 1995. The Loituma lyrics and arrangement are under copyright and published by Warner Chappell Music outside the Nordic countries. The album was released in the United States as "Things of Beauty" in 1998.


title: Ievan polkka

text: The Loituma version of the song acquired great international popularity as part of an Internet phenomenon in the spring of 2006, when the Loituma Girl (also known as Leekspin), a looped Flash animation of anime character Orihime Inoue from the "Bleach" series twirling either a spring onion (in the Japanese original) or a leek (in the English dub), set to a scat singing section of the song was posted on Russian LiveJournal. For the animation, only the second half of the fifth stanza (four lines) and the complete sixth stanza (eight lines) are used. It quickly became a global hit and the song soon enjoyed overwhelming popularity as a ringtone. Since then, the song has been circulating under several misspelled variations of its original name, including "Ievas Polkka", "Levan Polkka" (due to the similarity between the sans-serif lowercase L (l) and uppercase i (I)) and "Leekspin Song".


title: Ievan polkka

text: Fans of the Vocaloid software have made Vocaloid voicebanks, such as Megurine Luka, Kagamine Rin, and Kagamine Len cover the song. The most popular Vocaloid cover belonged to Otomania, who in 2007 made Hatsune Miku sing it with the nonsensical lyrics by Loituma. The official music video has garnered more than 6 million views on Niconico by March 2022. It features a chibi derivative of Hatsune Miku, officially known as Hatchune Miku, holding a spring onion in reference to Loituma Girl, and is the origin of her association with spring onions or leeks. Its popularity resulted in its use by the Vocaloid rhythm game series "", mainly as tutorial music. It has also been used in a commercial promoting the LG G5 smartphone.


title: Ievan polkka

text: In 2012, the Finnish folk metal band Korpiklaani recorded a cover of the song for their eighth album "Manala".


title: Ievan polkka

text: Mobile ringtones based on various mixes of "Ievan Polkka" gained a wide popularity among Russian and Commonwealth of Independent States mobile subscribers in late 2006. The tune is also the theme song to the Internet sitcom "Break a Leg;" it was remixed by musician Basshunter of Sweden, DJ Sharpnel of Japan, and Beatnick of Poland; and a version of the song performed by Anne Kulonen was part of a Ready Brek television advert aired in the United Kingdom.


title: Ievan polkka

text: In 2016, Erika Ikuta, a member of the Japanese girl group Nogizaka46, sang Ievan Polkka as a part of her private segment on a web TV show titled Nogizaka46 Hours TV. This song then became well known among Nogizaka46's fans. She later sang it on several occasions, including on the "JUNK Bananaman no Bananamoon GOLD" radio show, "Nogizaka Under Construction" on TV Aichi, and on "Banana Zero Music" on NHK.


title: Ievan polkka

text: In December 2018, a video of the visually impaired Turkish street musician Bilal Göregen performing Ievan Polkka on a darbuka was uploaded on YouTube. The video received over 1.9 million views in one year. A version of this video posted on Twitter in October 2020, with "CatJAM" / "Vibing Cat" (a white cat rhythmically bobbing its head) edited in, gained viral popularity as a meme template on Instagram and Reddit. On November 1, 2020, Göregen uploaded a version of this video to his own YouTube channel. As of March, 2022, the video has had over 82 million views. After this video was posted, interest in the song peaked once again based on Google search results.


title: RBL Bank

text: RBL Bank, formerly known as Ratnakar Bank, is an Indian private sector bank headquartered in Mumbai and founded in 1943. It offers services across six verticals: corporate and institutional banking, commercial banking, branch and business banking, retail assets, development banking and financial inclusion, treasury and financial market operations.


title: RBL Bank

text: On August 6, 1943, Ratnakar Bank was founded as a regional bank in Maharashtra with two branches in Kolhapur and Sangli founded by Babgonda Bhujgonda Patil from Sangli & Gangappa Siddappa Chougule from Kolhapur. It mainly served small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and business merchants in the Kolhapur-Sangli belt. It was incorporated in Kolhapur district on 14 June 1943 as Ratnakar Bank Limited. In 1959, the bank was categorized as a scheduled commercial bank as per the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. During this decade, it was referred to as an NH4 Bank. In 1970, it received a banking license from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).


title: RBL Bank

text: In July 2010, Vishwavir Ahuja became managing director and CEO of the bank. In August 2014 the name of the bank was changed to RBL Bank Limited.


title: RBL Bank

text: As of March 2022, it has a network of 502 branches and 414 ATMs across 28 states and union territories. It has 9,257 employees.The Bank also has a network of 1418 business correspondent branches of which 870 business correspondent branches are managed by RBL Finserve Limited, a wholly owned business correspondent of the Bank.


title: RBL Bank

text: In 2016, the bank ran a financial literacy programme called Saksham in collaboration with CDC to provide education to 25,000 individuals and 300 villages in four districts of Madhya Pradesh. Another Saksham programme was run in Ahmedabad in 2013.


title: RBL Bank

text: In 2018, RBL Bank partnered with MoneyTap to launch India's first personal credit line based app. The same year in June, the company announced that it had raised its stake in microlender Swadhaar FinServe to 100 per cent.


title: RBL Bank

text: The Bank has raised Rs. 8,600 crore of equity capital and Rs. 1500 crore of Basel III compliant Tier II debt from 2010 to date. The Bank counts Barings Private Equity Asia, British International Investment (formerly CDC Group), Multiples Alternate Asset Management, Asian Development Bank, HDFC.Ltd, ICICI prudential Life Insurance, Gaja Capital among others as its shareholders.


title: RBL Bank

text: Throughout the 2010s, RBL Bank reportedly raised a total of INR 4,000 crore from investors. It raised INR 700 crore in 2011, INR 376 crore in 2013, INR 328 crore in 2014 and INR 488 crore in 2016. In July 2017, RBL Bank received board approval to raise an additional INR 1680 crore.


title: RBL Bank

text: In December 2019, the company announced that it had raised INR 675 crore through preferential issue. Investors such as East Bridge Capital Master Fund and WF Asian Reconnaissance Fund participated.


title: RBL Bank

text: In August 2020, the company announced that it has raised INR 1566 crore through preferential issue. It was led by Baring Private Equity Asia where as other investors included ICICI Prudential Life, CDC Group and local private equity company Gaja Capital.


title: RBL Bank

text: The search committee constituted to identify the MD & CEO for the Bank ran an exhaustive process along


title: Chris Langham

text: Christopher Langham (born 14 April 1949) is an English writer, actor, and comedian. He is known for playing the cabinet minister Hugh Abbot in the BBC sitcom "The Thick of It", and as presenter Roy Mallard in "People Like Us", first on BBC Radio 4 and later on its transfer to television on BBC Two, where Mallard is almost entirely an unseen character. He subsequently created several spoof advertisements in the same vein. He also played similar unseen interviewers in an episode of the television series "Happy Families" and in the film "The Big Tease". He is also known for his roles in the television series "Not the Nine O'Clock News", "Help", and "Kiss Me Kate", and as the gatehouse guard in "Chelmsford 123". In 2006, he won BAFTA awards for "The Thick of It" and "Help".


title: Chris Langham

text: On 2 August 2007, Langham was found guilty of 15 charges of downloading and possessing level 5 child sexual abuse images and videos. Langham was jailed for 10 months, reduced to 6 months on appeal. He was made to sign the sex offenders' register and was banned from working with children for 10 years.


title: Chris Langham

text: Langham is the son of theatre director Michael Langham and actress Helen Burns. He was educated at St Paul's School, an independent school for boys in Barnes in West London, followed by the University of Bristol, where he studied English and drama, before dropping out.


title: Chris Langham

text: One of his earliest breaks was as the sole British writer for "The Muppet Show". He also appeared as the "special guest star" in the 19th episode of the final season, when the scheduled guest, Richard Pryor, was unable to make it to the recording; a script was hastily written in which "Chris the Delivery Boy" stood in for an absent celebrity. He received two awards from the Writers Guild of America for his work on "The Muppet Show." He also made a brief appearance as a police driver in "The Pink Panther Strikes Again" in 1976, opposite Peter Sellers. In 1976 also was the inception, at the Science Fiction Theatre of Liverpool, of the nine-hour stage play "Illuminatus", which Langham co-wrote with Ken Campbell. In 1977, the production transferred to the Cottesloe Theatre, London, where he took the part of George Dorn, giving a performance which Peter Hall found "extremely impressive".


title: Chris Langham

text: Langham was part of the original cast for the pilot for "Not the Nine O'Clock News" in 1979, written by Richard Curtis. The show was positioned as a comedy series, which was neither "Monty Python's Flying Circus" nor "The Two Ronnies". Even after the original pilot was pulled from the schedules, Langham was retained for the first full series, billed equally with the then-unknown Mel Smith, Pamela Stephenson, and Rowan Atkinson. The first series did not rate as well as hoped, however, and Langham was felt to be "too independent a spirit." Langham took a part in "Monty Python's Life of Brian" as a centurion, a film which generated controversy for its satire of Christianity, resulting in a televised debate between John Cleese, Michael Palin, Malcolm Muggeridge, and Mervyn Stockwood over whether the film is blasphemous. Curtis had written a skit that parodied this debate itself. Langham was upset at the inclusion of the sketch, which gave the team and producer John Lloyd the excuse for his replacement by support player Griff Rhys Jones. Langham did not learn of the switch until the last day of filming, when he heard the crew discussing the second series. The show only achieved cult status during its later series, and in subsequent compilation repeats, most of Langham's contributions have been cut, giving the impression that he was never a main cast member.


title: Chris Langham

text: Langham went on to appear on Smith and Jones' own programme, "Alas Smith and Jones", playing an ineffectual panel-show host. This character apparently inspired John Morton to create the character of Roy Mallard, who was later to feature in his show "People Like Us"; Mallard was played both on radio and (offscreen) on television by Langham. Langham also played a fly-on-the-wall documentary interviewer very similar to Roy Mallard in "Happy Families" in 1985.


title: Chris Langham

text: Also in 1979, Langham played Arthur Dent in the first professional stage version of "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy", directed by Ken Campbell. He later returned to "Hitchhiker's", appearing as Prak in Above The Title Productions' "Tertiary Phase" radio series in 2004.


title: Chris Langham

text: Langham narrated the 1984 radio series "The History of Rock with Chris Langham", in which Langham gave a comedic and somewhat fictitious account of the history of rock music. On 14 November 1985, Langham appeared as the narrator/reporter in "Roxanne", episode five of the BBC situation comedy "Happy Families", written by Ben Elton. In 1992, he appeared in the film "Carry On Columbus".


title: Chris Langham

text: In addition to several one-man shows, Langham counts among his stage credits "Les Misérables", in which he played Thénardier in 1996; "Crazy for You", for which he received an Olivier nomination; "The Way of the World", "The Nerd" and "The Pirates of Penzance". He created the comic role of the Assassin in "Blondel" (co-starring Paul Nicholas; by Tim Rice and Stephen Oliver), and appears on the original cast album.


title: Chris Langham

text: Langham wrote the BBC One sitcom "Kiss Me Kate", in which he appeared alongside Caroline Quentin and Amanda Holden. In 2002, he wrote and starred in "Bradford in My Dreams", an adaptation of a short story by Lawrence Block for the BBC. On Radio 4, he narrated the series "The Rapid Eye Movement", which starred Martin Freeman as Chester Beatty, in whose head the entire series took place. In 2003, he directed the BBC TV comedy series "Posh Nosh."


title: Chris Langham

text: In 2003 and 2005, respectively, he portrayed authors George Orwell and John Wyndham in the BBC docudrama "George Orwell – A Life in Pictures" and the BBC Four documentary "John Wyndham: the Invisible Man of Science Fiction". He also appeared in the radio magazine satire "The Sunday Format".


title: Chris Langham

text: He starred alongside co-writer Paul Whitehouse in "Help" on BBC Two in 2005, where he also appeared in the Armando Iannucci comedy "The Thick of It" in the same year. Langham was named Best Comedy Actor in the 2005 British Comedy Awards and won the 2006 BAFTA Best Comedy Performance award for his role in "The Thick of It". In November 2005, Langham wrote and starred in ITV pilot "Seven Second Delay".


title: Chris Langham

text: He was a frequent guest on "The Heaven and Earth Show". He was part of the writing team for "Bremner, Bird and Fortune", in which he occasionally appeared as a civil servant discussing things with Bremner's Tony Blair. Langham has appeared as a panelist on the Radio 4 show "Armando Iannucci's Charm Offensive."


title: Chris Langham

text: A few days after his release from prison in 2008, Langham was interviewed by celebrity psychologist Pamela Connolly, with whom he had worked on "Not the Nine O'Clock News", for her UK television series "Shrink Rap", where he discussed being abused as an eight-year-old child, events which he said led to his trial and conviction. The interview was broadcast on More4 on 15 January 2008. Langham was also invited to make a speech in front of the Oxford Union on 29 May 2008, but the invitation was then withdrawn.


title: Chris Langham

text: In 2011, in his first screen appearance after his release, he was cast as the lead in "Black Pond", a low-budget British film directed by Tom Kingsley and Will Sharpe. In an interview with "The Guardian" in September 2011, Langham stated that many people had suggested to him that he should work again, but no one wanted to employ him. Reviewing his performance in "Black Pond" positively, "The Independent" commented, "whether it will rehabilitate him among casting agents and comedy show commissioners is another question". The Kino Digital cinema in Hawkhurst had a screening of the film on 11 December 2011. Afterwards, Langham, who lived nearby, held a brief question-and-answer session to help promote the film.


title: Chris Langham

text: In 2012, he appeared with Billy Murray, Leslie Grantham, and Crissy Rock in Richard John Taylor's drama film "Acceptance".


title: Chris Langham

text: In 2021, Langham's "The Muppet Show" episode was not made available on Disney+ when the series was added to the streaming service. Disney stated that most missing episodes and segments were due to music-rights issues, but refused to comment on Langham in particular.


title: Chris Langham

text: Langham's first marriage, to actress/singer Sue Jones-Davies, produced three children, but broke up on his own admission due to his alcoholism. Langham had two children by his second wife, director Christine Cartwright.


title: Chris Langham

text: Langham sought counselling for alcohol and cocaine addiction, and was still undergoing therapy once a week as of 2006. He used his experiences to co-write the BBC2 series "Help", in which he portrayed a psychotherapist, with friend Paul Whitehouse, and played a counsellor in sitcom "Kiss Me Kate".


title: Chris Langham

text: Despite his conviction and imprisonment for possession of images of child abuse, his marriage to Cartwright survived, and his wife and children continued to live with him in the family home in Cranbrook, Kent, after his release. Likewise, his three sons from his first marriage stood by him.


title: Chris Langham

text: On 29 November 2005, Langham was arrested by Kent Police in connection with Operation Ore, a British police operation into credit-card customers paying to access indecent and abusive images of children on the internet. The arrest was first reported in the press on 16 December 2005, in response to which Langham's lawyer read a statement in which he said that he was innocent and pointed out that he had not been charged. On 11 May 2006, he was charged with 15 counts of "making indecent images" (a legal term meaning to download and store indecent images as distinct from the act of photography) of children.


title: Chris Langham

text: The trial took place at Maidstone Crown Court during July and August 2007. Part of Langham's defence to these charges in court was that they were research on a peeping tom character "Pedro" for a television comedy. Langham's former "Help" co-star/writer Paul Whitehouse confirmed that the character was referred to as a "peeping tom" who was prone to highly dubious sexual behaviour. Whitehouse stated that the character was not intended to be a paedophile, nor was he personally aware of Langham obtaining such material for the development of the programme's script. The prosecutor, Richard Barraclough QC, asked Whitehouse, "Did Mr Langham ever discuss with you that he was undertaking any research for the shows?" "Not to my knowledge, no," Whitehouse replied. Langham also said in court that he was the victim of child sexual abuse and this caused him to look for images; Barraclough called this "pseudo-psychobabble" and the judge dismissed its legality as a defence.


title: Chris Langham

text: Langham had paid with his credit card for access to a site entitled "European Lolita Sex" in 1999. On the evening that the public was made aware of the scope of Operation Ore, Langham had contacted police to report his "concern" about spam emails, with links to paedophile sites, which he said he was receiving. The prosecution said that he had contacted police because he had "panicked" and "wanted to give the impression of being a good citizen".


title: Chris Langham

text: During his trial, he was also accused of having sex with an under-age girl in upmarket hotels, his West End dressing room, his car, and his home. The accuser claimed this had started when she was 14 years old. Langham denied the charges and claimed he had only had sex with her when she was 18. He was found not guilty of six counts of indecent assault and two counts of buggery between January 1996 and April 2000.


title: Chris Langham

text: On 2 August 2007, Langham was found guilty on charges of possessing child sexual abuse images and videos. He was sentenced to 10 months in prison and was placed on the sexual offenders register for 10 years. Before sentencing, the judge said that "some of the children viewed are clearly prepubescent... The worst video was 15 minutes long and it showed in quite graphic detail the sadistic brutalisation of an eight-year-old girl in the UK, with some serious sexual offences against her".


title: Chris Langham

text: He was released on 14 November 2007, after his sentence was reduced to six months on appeal. Dame Heather Steel, who gave the decision, said that the court viewed Langham's explanation that he viewed the child sexual abuse images for research as "highly improbable", but could not reject it, although he was still guilty of encouraging "despicable acts" through downloading the images of child sexual abuse. On his release, Langham stated, "My life has been ruined, but my conscience is clear" and complained that the media "completely ignored" the court's "acceptance based upon all the evidence and expert opinion that I have no sexual interest in children". Despite the judge ruling, "Paedophilia is not an issue in this case" and "[Langham] is not a sexual predator", after the trial Detective Superintendent Paul Fotheringham of Kent Police told journalists, "Langham doesn’t like the label, but I am satisfied that he is a paedophile".


title: Kemono Jihen

text: "Kemono Jihen" is written and illustrated by Shō Aimoto. The series has been serialized in Shueisha's "shōnen" manga magazine "Jump Square" since December 2, 2016. Shueisha has collected its chapters into individual "tankōbon" volumes. The first volume was released on March 3, 2017. As of September 2, 2022, seventeen volumes have been released. The manga is licensed in English by Seven Seas Entertainment.


title: Kemono Jihen

text: An anime television series adaptation was announced at the Jump Festa '20 event on December 21, 2019. The series is animated by Ajia-do Animation Works and directed by Masaya Fujimori, with Noboru Kimura handling series composition, and Nozomi Tachibana designing the characters. The series aired from January 10 to March 28, 2021, on Tokyo MX, ytv, and BS11. Funimation licensed the series and is streaming it on its website in North America and the British Isles, in Europe through Wakanim, and in Australia and New Zealand through AnimeLab. Following Sony's acquisition of Crunchyroll, the series was moved to Crunchyroll. Muse Communication has acquired the series in Southeast Asia and South Asia, and is streaming it on their Muse Asia YouTube channel, and Bilibili in Southeast Asia. The opening theme song is performed by Daisuke Ono, and the ending theme song is performed by Sayaka Sasaki.


title: Ace of spades

text: The Ace of Spades (also known as the Spadille and Death Card) is traditionally the highest and most valued card in the deck of playing cards in English-speaking countries. The actual value of the card varies from game to game.


title: Ace of spades

text: The ornate design of the ace of spades, common in packs today, stems from the 17th century, when James I and later Queen Anne imposed laws requiring the ace of spades to bear an insignia of the printing house. Stamp duty, an idea imported to England by Charles I, was extended to playing cards in 1711 by Queen Anne and lasted until 1960.


title: Ace of spades

text: Over the years, a number of methods were used to show that duty had been paid. From 1712 onwards, one of the cards in the pack, usually the ace of spades, was marked with a hand stamp. In 1765 hand stamping was replaced by the printing of the official ace of spades by the Stamp Office, incorporating the royal coat of arms. In 1828 the Duty Ace of Spades (known as "Old Frizzle") was printed to indicate a reduced duty of a shilling had been paid.


title: Ace of spades

text: One maker of cards was caught in possession of forged aces and the equipment to produce them. This was a capital offence, the prosecutor the Attorney General Spencer Perceval (later to become the prime minister assassinated in 1812) obtained the conviction of Richard Harding and he was hanged in 1805. The association of the ace of spades with death may spring from such events.


title: Ace of spades

text: The system was changed again in 1862 when official threepenny duty wrappers were introduced and although the makers were free to use whatever design they wanted, most chose to keep the ornate ace of spades that is popular today. The ace of spades is thus used to show the card manufacturer's information.


title: Ace of spades

text: Since 1882, an annual pack of cards has been produced by the Worshipful Company of Makers of Playing Cards at the installation of each master and since 1888, a portrait of the Master has appeared at the centre of the ace of spades.


title: Ace of spades

text: The exact design of the ace card was so important, it eventually became the subject of design patents and trademarking. For example, on 5 December 1882, George G. White was granted U.S. design patent US0D0013473 for his design. His ace design was adorned with male and female figures leaning onto the spade from either side.


title: Ace of spades

text: The ace of spades has been employed, on numerous occasions, in the theatre of war. In the First World War, the 12th (Eastern) Division of the British Army used the Ace of spades symbol as their insignia. In the Second World War, the 25th Infantry Division of the Indian Army used an Ace of Spades on a green background as their insignia.


title: Ace of spades

text: In World War II, the soldiers of the 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment of the American 101st Airborne Division were marked with the spades symbol painted on the sides of their helmets. In this capacity, it was used to represent good luck, due to its fortunate connotations in card playing. Following the confusion of a large-scale combat airborne operation, all four card-suits were used for ease of identification of regiments within the airborne division. Battalions within the regiments were denoted with tic marks or dots, struck from top clockwise: headquarters at the twelve o'clock position, 1st Battalion at the three o'clock, etc.


title: Ace of spades

text: During the Vietnam War, some U.S. troops falsely believed that Vietnamese traditions held the symbolism of the spade to mean death and ill-fortune and in a bid to frighten and demoralise Viet Cong soldiers, it was common practice to leave an ace of spades on the bodies of killed Vietnamese. This custom was said to be so effective that the United States Playing Card Company was asked by Charlie Company, 2nd Battalion, 35th Infantry Regiment to supply crates of that single card in bulk. The plain white tuck cases were marked "Bicycle Secret Weapon", and the cards were deliberately scattered in villages and in the jungle during raids. The ace of spades, while not a symbol of superstitious fear to the Viet Cong forces, did help the morale of American soldiers. Some U.S. soldiers and Marines were reportedly sticking this card in their helmet band as a sort of anti-peace sign.


title: Ace of spades

text: In 2003, a deck of most-wanted Iraqi playing cards was issued to U.S. soldiers during Operation Iraqi Freedom, with each card displaying the picture of a wanted Iraqi official on it. Saddam Hussein got the "Ace of Spades" card.


title: Ace of spades

text: Various idioms involving the ace of spades include "black as the ace of spades," which may refer either to completely black; totally without light or colour, colour, race, (lack of) morality, or (lack of) cleanliness in a person.


title: Ace of spades

text: The French expression "fagoté comme l'as de pique" translates to "(badly) dressed like the ace of spades."


title: Kawasaki motorcycles

text: Kawasaki motorcycles are manufactured by the Motorcycle & Engine division of Kawasaki Heavy Industries.


title: Kawasaki motorcycles

text: Kawasaki Aircraft initially manufactured motorcycles under the Meguro name, having bought an ailing motorcycle manufacturer, Meguro Manufacturing with whom they had been in partnership. This eventually became Kawasaki Motor Sales. Some early motorcycles display an emblem with "Kawasaki Aircraft" on the fuel tank.


title: Kawasaki motorcycles

text: During 1962, Kawasaki engineers were developing a four-stroke engine for small cars. Then some of the engineers transferred to the Meguro factory to work on the Meguro K1 and the SG, a single cylinder 250 cc OHV. In 1963, Kawasaki and Meguro merged to form Kawasaki Motorcycle Co.,Ltd. Kawasaki motorcycles from 1962 through 1967 used an emblem which can be described as a flag within a wing.


title: Kawasaki motorcycles

text: Work continued on the Meguro K1, a copy of the BSA A7 500 cc vertical twin. and on the Kawasaki W1. The K2 was exported to the U.S. for a test in response to the expanding American market for four-stroke motorcycles. At first it was rejected for a lack of power. By the mid-1960s, Kawasaki was finally exporting a moderate number of motorcycles. The Kawasaki H1 Mach III in 1968, along with several enduro-styled motorcycles to compete with Yamaha, Suzuki and Honda, increased sales of Kawasaki units


title: Kawasaki motorcycles

text: 1974 saw the establishment of a Kawasaki assembly facility in Lincoln, Nebraska, US, named the American Kawasaki Motors Corporation (KMC), to complete Japan-produced components into finished motorcycles for the North American market.


title: Kawasaki motorcycles

text: Kawasaki's engines division, housed in a single office complex in Grand Rapids, Michigan, consolidates research and development projects for engines.


title: Grand Canyon University

text: Grand Canyon University (GCU) is a private for-profit Christian university in Phoenix, Arizona. Based on student enrollment, Grand Canyon University was the largest Christian university in the world in 2018, with 20,000 attending students on campus and 70,000 online.


title: Grand Canyon University

text: Grand Canyon was established by the Arizona Southern Baptist Convention on August 1, 1949, in Prescott, Arizona, as Grand Canyon College. In 1999–2000, the university ended its affiliation with the Southern Baptist Convention. Suffering financial and other difficulties in the early part of the 21st century, the school's trustees authorized its sale in January 2004 to California-based Significant Education, LLC, making it the first for-profit Christian college in the United States. Following that purchase, the university became the first and only for-profit to participate in NCAA Division I athletics. In 2018 the university received approval to return to non-profit status from its regional accreditor as well as the IRS and the Arizona State Board for Private Postsecondary Education. However, the U.S. Department of Education rejected the university's request to reclassify it as a non-profit and continues to classify the university as for-profit. The university operations partner directly alongside the for-profit publicly traded online program management corporation, Grand Canyon Education, Inc. (formerly Significant Education) that bundles services for the university to operate. The university president, Brian Mueller, also serves as the CEO of Grand Canyon Education.


title: Grand Canyon University

text: The university offers various programs through its nine colleges including doctoral studies, business, education, fine arts and production, humanities and social sciences, nursing and health care professions, science, theology, and engineering and technology.


title: Grand Canyon University

text: Grand Canyon College was founded as a nonprofit institution in 1949 in Prescott. Arizona Southern Baptists felt the need to establish a faith-based institution that would allow local Baptists the opportunity to obtain a bachelor's or master's degree without going east to one of the Baptist colleges in Texas or Oklahoma. On October 8, 1951, Grand Canyon College relocated to its current location in Phoenix. In 1984, the college's trustees voted to transition the college to a university for the 40th anniversary of the school in 1989, becoming Grand Canyon University. At this time, it also changed governance from the Southern Baptist Convention to the GCU Board of Trustees.


title: Grand Canyon University

text: Suffering financial and other difficulties in the early part of the 21st century, the school's trustees authorized its sale in January 2004 to California-based, Significant Education, LLC, making it the first for-profit Christian college in the United States. Significant Education was a subsidiary of education entrepreneur Michael K. Clifford's company. Clifford became managing director of the privatized institution, with the former board of trustees serving in an advisory role. Significant Education changed to a corporation in 2005 and became publicly traded under a new name Grand Canyon Education, Inc in 2008. It trades on NASDAQ under the ticker symbol "LOPE."


title: Grand Canyon University

text: After the infusion of capital, Grand Canyon University's size increased. After having fewer than 1,000 students enrolled in 2008, the university had 17,500 students in the spring of 2017. A 2015 economic impact study revealed that the university was adding about $1 billion into the state's economy each year during its expansion. In February 2017, Arizona Governor Doug Ducey said that the neighborhoods surrounding the university have experienced a 30% increase in housing values while concurrently seeing a 30% decrease in crime rates.


title: Grand Canyon University

text: In 2008, the university was sued by the United States federal government for paying enrollment counselors according to how many students they had enrolled while at the same time accepting federal financial aid, a violation of the Department of Education's incentive compensation ban. GCU eventually reached a settlement in the case, and was forced to pay a $5.2 million fine to a former employee and the federal government.


title: Grand Canyon University

text: By 2014 the accumulated student loan debt of Grand Canyon students was estimated to be more than $5.9 billion.


title: Grand Canyon University

text: Due to GCU's for-profit status, Arizona State University had refused to play against GCU in any sport, even though both are NCAA Division I schools and located only 16 miles apart. ASU eventually reversed its decision, and sporting events between the two universities recommenced in the fall of 2020.


title: Grand Canyon University

text: In fall 2014, the college announced the exploration of a return to non-profit status. Grand Canyon's regional accreditation body, the Higher Learning Commission (HLC), rejected the university's petition for conversion to non-profit status in 2016, stating that the school's proposed strategy, particularly its plan to outsource some of its activities (such as curriculum development and student support services) to outside vendors, did not meet the criteria for "such a conversion". In 2018, the university submitted another application to HLC to change to non-profit status. This second application was accepted on July 1, 2018. Although some organizations have approved this transition, the U.S. Department of Education still classifies the university as a for-profit university. The government specifically stated that GCU is a captive client to Grand Canyon Education, and the college is operating for the benefit of shareholders of a for-profit company. The university plans to challenge the department's ruling. Grand Canyon Education has also been accused of engaging in securities-law fraud with its relation to GCU.


title: Grand Canyon University

text: Grand Canyon University was alleged to switch from for-profit status to non-profit status due to its yearly $9.2 million property tax bill. Numerous school officials said this was unsustainable and was one of the key reasons a required switch from for-profit to non-profit status was made, to reduce that burden. Some critics of for-profit education still criticize that the relationship between GCU and Grand Canyon Education, Inc. is too intertwined. A former department of education official notes that no other university in the country has its CEO working for its contractor and itself. Brian Galle, Professor of Law at Georgetown Law, has written extensively about the relationship between the non-profit and for-profit entities and argues that because the non-profit is wholly dependent on the for-profit, the non-profit status should not be allowed.


title: Grand Canyon University

text: In 2021, a federal judge dismissed a lawsuit by GCU that claimed the university didn't receive all the coronavirus relief funds to which it was entitled because it was a non-profit entity.


title: Grand Canyon University

text: In 2006, the college spent USD $150 million to renovate the campus, adding a brick promenade, an aquatics center, with pool and hot tub, and a café offering an assortment of games and big-screen televisions.


title: Grand Canyon University

text: In 2009, Grand Canyon University's campus began work on a USD $60 million campus expansion project which includes a 500-bed dormitory, a fitness and recreation center, 125-classroom facility, food court and bowling alley, and a 5000-seat arena. The GCU Arena, which opened on September 2, 2011, is used for concerts, speakers, and other events. The arena is also home to the college's men's and women's basketball teams and women's volleyball games. The arena was expanded to 7,000 seats with construction beginning in spring 2014 and concluding in August of the same year. Grand Canyon University offers several fast food restaurants, coffee shops, student union, cafeteria, video game room, and six-lane bowling alley for student recreation. In August 2016, the university announced it was establishing a campus police department, converting its Public Safety Department, a 177-member force.


title: Grand Canyon University

text: In August 2016, GCU announced its 10 in 2 initiative, the building of 10 on-campus athletic facilities in a two-year span. Highlights of the project included brand new facilities for the university's soccer, baseball, softball, tennis and beach volleyball programs. It also included a sports medicine expansion, an equipment room expansion, practice facilities for the basketball and golf programs, and a student-athlete academic center.


title: Grand Canyon University

text: In August 2017, Grand Canyon's Phoenix campus was ranked as one of the 10 Best College Campuses Across America by "Town & Country".


title: Grand Canyon University

text: Grand Canyon University offers over 200 bachelor's, master's and doctoral degree programs through its nine colleges.


title: Grand Canyon University

text: In April 2017, Arizona nursing board officials censured GCU after the school's nursing programs fell below 80% graduation rate for two consecutive years. GCU said it would implement a plan to increase graduation rates. Three months later, the nursing board announced it was pleased with the "tremendous improvements" the university had shown to addressing all concerns. In 2018, Grand Canyon's nursing program was censured by the Arizona State Board of Nursing over test passage rates. The censure came due to the number of first-time students failing to pass the registered nursing exam and after numerous complaints by students and faculty. In the second quarter of 2018, Grand Canyon University's nursing students posted a 95.65 percent first-time pass rate on the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX). This leads to a year-to-date rate of 92.86 percent, which is higher than the Arizona Board of Nursing's year-to-date statewide average of 91.89.


title: Grand Canyon University

text: Grand Canyon University's academic workers include 335 full-time workers and more than 4,200 adjunct faculty.


title: Grand Canyon University

text: Grand Canyon University's undergraduate entrance requirements are either a 3.0 high school GPA, or a high school GPA of 2.5 with either an SAT score of 1,000 or ACT score of 19. In 2021, the university acceptance rate was 76.9%; of those admitted, 23% enrolled. The university does not report scores of matriculating students, while high school class rank, high school college preparatory classes, and letters of recommendation are neither required nor recommended.


title: Grand Canyon University

text: Grand Canyon University is a member of NCAA Division I with most sports participating in the Western Athletic Conference. Grand Canyon's reclassification to Division I status in athletics started in the academic year 2013–14. Men's Volleyball competes in the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation and Beach Volleyball competes independently.


title: Grand Canyon University

text: In March 2013, former Phoenix Suns shooting guard Dan Majerle became the 13th men's basketball coach. Majerle oversaw GCU's transition into NCAA Division I basketball in the WAC.


title: Grand Canyon University

text: On August 23, 2017, the NCAA approved Grand Canyon's move to Division I, elevating the university to active membership status and making it Division I basketball's only for-profit institution. GCU immediately became eligible for post-season competition.


title: Grand Canyon University

text: In March 2020, Majerle was fired after seven seasons as head coach to GCU's men's basketball team. In May 2020, Majerle sued the university for breach of contract. Majerle's complaint said the university did not give reason to terminate Majerle, and make any severance payments."


title: Grand Canyon University

text: Grand Canyon University is regionally accredited by the Higher Learning Commission (HLC). According to the HLC, Grand Canyon College entered candidacy for accreditation in 1961. By 1968 the school was regionally accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools and remains accredited, successfully renewing its 10-year comprehensive evaluation in 2017. GCU also holds additional accreditations from the Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP), the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE), the Arizona State Board of Educations, and the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE). The university teachers and administrator preparation programs are approved by the Arizona Department of Education.


title: Grand Canyon University

text: In 2021, the university acceptance rate was 76.9% and, of those admitted, 23% enrolled. The freshman retention rate is 61%, and GCU has a graduation rate of 41%, below the national average. "U.S. News & World Report" classifies the university among "National Universities", wherein it was classified in the 2022 "Best Colleges" as a Tier 2 institution (meaning it is placed in the bottom 25 percent of institutions in its ranking category).


title: Ian McKellen on screen and stage

text: Ian McKellen is an English stage and screen actor. He is the recipient of seven Laurence Olivier Awards, a Tony Award, a Golden Globe Award, two Academy Award nominations, four BAFTA nominations and five Emmy Award nominations. McKellen's work spans genres ranging from Shakespearean and modern theatre to popular fantasy and science fiction. His notable film roles include Gandalf in "The Lord of the Rings" and "The Hobbit" trilogies, Magneto in the "X-Men" films, Sir Leigh Teabing in "The Da Vinci Code" (2006), Sherlock Holmes in "Mr. Holmes" (2015) and Cogsworth in the live-action adaptation of "Beauty and the Beast" (2017).


title: Erick Rowan

text: Joseph Ruud (born November 28, 1981) is an American professional wrestler performing as Erick Redbeard. Having previously wrestled in Japan, where he trained and performed for Pro Wrestling Noah, Ruud signed a contract with WWE in 2011. He was sent to its developmental territory, Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW), before debuting on the NXT brand in 2012 under the ring name Erick Rowan, a member of the Wyatt Family. He went on to become a one-time NXT Tag Team Champion (with Harper) and a two-time SmackDown Tag Team Champion (once with Luke Harper and once with Daniel Bryan). Ruud was released from WWE in April 2020, returning to the independent circuit.


title: Erick Rowan

text: Joseph Ruud was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on November 28, 1981. He grew up in Montrose, Minnesota. He is of Norwegian descent, with his ancestors having emigrated to the U.S. from Nannestad. He attended the University of Minnesota Morris, where he played football.


title: Erick Rowan

text: Ruud began his professional wrestling career after training with Eddie Sharkey in 2003. He debuted under the ring name "Thoruf Marius", competing for various promotions throughout the Midwest until 2007. He was invited to go to Pro Wrestling Noah's (NOAH) dojo in Japan to live, train, and wrestle. During this time, he competed in both tag team and singles matches. Following his tour in Japan, Ruud returned to the United States in 2008 and began competing for the Minnesota-based F1rst Wrestling promotion. Albeit, without much success. Upon joining the promotion, he began feuding with Big Brody Hoofer, with the pair exchanging wins across several events.


title: Erick Rowan

text: In February 2011, Ruud signed a developmental contract with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and was assigned to their developmental territory Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW) under the ring name "Erick Rowan". He made his "FCW TV" debut in August 2011 with a win over Kenneth Cameron, while being accompanied by Byron Saxton and James Bronson. To tie in with Saxton's feud with Titus O'Neil, Rowan and Bronson lost to O'Neil and Leakee in a tag team match. Although Rowan continued to compete in both singles and tag team matches with Bronson, he was not involved in any further feuds and did not challenge for any titles on "FCW TV".


title: Erick Rowan

text: After FCW was rebranded to NXT Wrestling, Rowan made his debut on the December 12, 2012 episode of "NXT" as a follower of Bray Wyatt, who introduced Rowan as his "second son". As a member of The Wyatt Family, Rowan formed a tag team with Wyatt's "first son" Luke Harper, and they defeated Percy Watson and Yoshi Tatsu on the January 9, 2013 episode of "NXT". On the January 23 episode of "NXT", Harper and Rowan again defeated Watson and Tatsu in the opening round of the NXT Tag Team Championship tournament. Following a win over Bo Dallas and Michael McGillicutty in the semi-finals after Wyatt's interference, Harper and Rowan were defeated in the finals by Adrian Neville and Oliver Grey. On the May 2 episode of "NXT", Harper and Rowan won a triple threat elimination tag team match by last pinning Adrian Neville.


title: Erick Rowan

text: On the May 8 episode of "NXT" (which was taped on May 2), Harper and Rowan defeated Adrian Neville and Bo Dallas (who was filling in for the injured Oliver Grey) to win the NXT Tag Team Championship, Rowan's first professional wrestling championship. On the June 5 episode of "NXT", Harper and Rowan successfully retained their championship against Corey Graves and Kassius Ohno, and on the June 19 episode of "NXT", The Wyatt Family defeated the team of Neville, Graves and Ohno. On the July 17 episode of "NXT" (which was taped on June 20), Harper and Rowan lost the NXT Tag Team Championship to Neville and Graves.


title: Erick Rowan

text: From the May 27 episode of "Raw", WWE aired vignettes promoting the upcoming main roster debut of The Wyatt Family. The vignettes showed The Wyatt Family's backwoods origins and Rowan wearing a sheep mask. On the July 8 episode of "Raw", The Wyatt Family made their debut by assaulting Kane. Rowan made his WWE in-ring debut on the July 26 episode of "SmackDown", where he teaming up with Harper to defeat Tons of Funk (Brodus Clay and Tensai) in a tag team match. Over the next few months, Rowan and Harper competed as a tag team and went on a winning streak over many teams, until Cody Rhodes and Goldust handed them their first loss on the October 11 episode of "SmackDown". In early 2014, Rowan took part in The Wyatt Family's feud with The Shield, while also supporting Bray Wyatt in his feud against John Cena. While Cena and Wyatt's feud continued, Rowan and Harper also started a feud with The Usos, unsuccessfully challenging for the Tag Team Championship at Money in the Bank and Battleground.


title: Erick Rowan

text: Beginning on September 29, vignettes were shown of Rowan and Harper being "set free" by Wyatt, marking the dissolution of The Wyatt Family and the transition of its members into singles competition. On the November 17 episode of "Raw", Rowan turned face and had a brief feud with the Authority when he joined Team Cena for Survivor Series, going after his former Wyatt Family partner Luke Harper, who had joined Team Authority. At Survivor Series, Rowan scored no eliminations and was himself eliminated by Harper, with the assistance of Seth Rollins; however, Team Cena later won the match. Afterwards, Rowan started a feud with Big Show, the team member who had betrayed the rest of Team Cena at the event. At , Rowan was defeated by Big Show in a stairs match.


title: Erick Rowan

text: On the January 5, 2015 episode of "Raw", Rowan, along with Dolph Ziggler and Ryback were (kayfabe) fired by The Authority for being a part of Team Cena. On the January 19 episode of "Raw", Rowan, Ziggler and Ryback were rehired after Cena won a 3-on-1 handicap match against Seth Rollins, Big Show and Kane following assistance from Sting. On the January 22 episode of "SmackDown", Rowan lost to Luke Harper in a qualifying match for the 2015 Royal Rumble. Despite this, Rowan appeared during the Royal Rumble match and attacked number 6 entrant Curtis Axel, before Axel could make his entrance to the ring, sparking a brief The Wyatt Family reunion with Harper and Wyatt, before all three men brawled. At Fastlane, Rowan teaming up with Ziggler and Ryback in a six-man tag team match against Seth Rollins, Big Show and Kane, which they lost. Rowan participated in the second annual André the Giant Memorial Battle Royal at WrestleMania 31, but was eliminated by Big Show.


title: Erick Rowan

text: In May, Rowan reunited with former tag team partner Luke Harper after attacking Harper's opponent Fandango, turning heel in the process. In late June, Rowan suffered a torn bicep, leaving him out of action. Rowan returned on the October 19 episode of "Raw" as a member of The Wyatt Family once again, against Dean Ambrose, Roman Reigns, and Seth Rollins, which his team won by disqualification after Ambrose attacked new The Wyatt Family member Braun Strowman with a kendo stick. Rowan took part in The Wyatt Family's feud with The Brothers of Destruction, after they kidnapped The Undertaker at Hell in a Cell, and Kane on the October 26 episode of "Raw". At , The Wyatt Family defeated ECW Originals in an eight-man tag team elimination tables match, with Rowan being the only Wyatt Family member eliminated from the match. On January 24, 2016, Rowan would go on to compete in the Royal Rumble match with fellow The Wyatt Family members and was eliminated by Brock Lesnar, but he would later return to the ring along with another members to eliminate Lesnar.


title: Erick Rowan

text: On April 3, Rowan competed in his first ever WrestleMania singles match at WrestleMania 32 against The Rock, after the latter confronted The Wyatt Family. Rowan was defeated by The Rock in six seconds, breaking the record for the quickest WrestleMania match of all time; after the match, when The Wyatt Family attempted to attack The Rock, a returning John Cena came to his aid. The next night on "Raw", The Wyatt Family attacked The League of Nations, starting a feud between the heel factions. Rowan and Strowman were set to compete in a match at Payback, but Wyatt suffered a calf injury as well as Harper, who dislocated his patella and tore his medial patellofemoral ligament in late March. These injuries resulted in the suspension of the feud between The Wyatt Family and The League of Nations. The Wyatt Family (minus Harper) returned on the June 20 episode of "Raw", subsequently getting into a feud with The New Day, who interrupted Wyatt during his return speech. The feud culminated at Battleground, where The Wyatt Family defeated The New Day.


title: Erick Rowan

text: On July 19, as part of 2016 draft, Rowan was drafted to SmackDown brand along with Bray Wyatt, while Braun Strowman was drafted to Raw. While Rowan kept wrestling with Wyatt, in October Rowan underwent surgery to repair a torn rotator cuff and would be out of action for eight months. He made his return on the April 4, 2017 episode of "SmackDown Live". On April 10, The Wyatt Family disbanded again when Wyatt was moved to the Raw brand as part of Superstar Shake-up. The short rivalry between Rowan and Luke Harper was ended at Backlash on May 21, where Harper defeated Rowan.


title: Erick Rowan

text: On the October 10 episode of "SmackDown Live", Rowan returned to television in a vignette where he was once again aligned with Luke Harper. The duo were dubbed as The Bludgeon Brothers, where his ring name shortened to "Rowan". The team wrestled their return match on the November 21 episode of "SmackDown Live", defeating The Hype Bros (Zack Ryder and Mojo Rawley). At the Clash of Champions pay-per-view event, The Bludgeon Brothers defeated Breezango (Fandango and Tyler Breeze) in a squash match.


title: Erick Rowan

text: On March 11, 2018, The Bludgeon Brothers made an appearance at Fastlane, interfering during the SmackDown Tag Team Championship match between The Usos and The New Day. The team won the SmackDown Tag Team Championship at WrestleMania 34 from The Usos, a match also involving The New Day; this marked Rowan's first main roster championship win. They would go on to successfully defend the titles against The Usos at the Greatest Royal Rumble event, against Luke Gallows and Karl Anderson at Money in the Bank, and against Team Hell No at Extreme Rules.


title: Erick Rowan

text: The Bludgeon Brothers lost by disqualification in a championship defense against The New Day at SummerSlam, resulting in them retaining the titles. Two nights later on the August 21 episode of "SmackDown Live", The New Day defeated The Bludgeon Brothers in a no disqualification match to win the championships, ending their reign at 135 days. The following day, it was announced that Rowan had suffered a torn right bicep and would have surgery later in the week.


title: Erick Rowan

text: Rowan returned from injury at the Royal Rumble pay-per-view event on January 27, 2019, interfering on behalf of Daniel Bryan to help him retain the WWE Championship against AJ Styles, and forming an alliance with Bryan. On the February 26 episode of "SmackDown Live", Rowan competed in his first match since August 2018, teaming with Bryan in a losing effort to Kofi Kingston and Kevin Owens. On the May 7 episode of "SmackDown Live", Rowan and Bryan defeated The Usos for the vacant SmackDown Tag Team Championship, beginning their first reign as a team, and Rowan's second reign individually. At Money in the Bank, Rowan and Bryan were defeated by The Usos in a non-title match. The following month at Super ShowDown event, Rowan competed in the 51-man battle royal, but failed to win. At Stomping Grounds, Rowan and Bryan retained the SmackDown Tag Team Championship against Heavy Machinery (Otis and Tucker). At Extreme Rules, Rowan and Bryan lost the championship to The New Day in a triple threat match also involving Heavy Machinery, ending their reign at 68 days.


title: Erick Rowan

text: In August, Rowan and Bryan became involved in a storyline with Roman Reigns, as Reigns was being targeted for attacks by a mystery conspirator. Reigns suspected Rowan as his attacker due to testimony from Buddy Murphy, as well as seemingly incriminating video footage, but Bryan instead revealed that the attacker was merely a man who resembled Rowan. However, Rowan later turned on Bryan and revealed that he was the attacker the entire time, ending the alliance between the two. During this time, his ring name was reverted to Erick Rowan. Rowan would then face Reigns in a no disqualification match at Clash of Champions, which he won after interference from a returning Luke Harper. The feud concluded at Hell in a Cell, where Reigns and Bryan defeated Rowan and Harper in a tornado tag team match.


title: Erick Rowan

text: As part of the 2019 draft, Rowan was drafted to Raw, disbanding his team with Luke Harper, who remained on SmackDown. Starting in November, he would revert to his previous ring name Erick Rowan and began coming to the ring carrying a cage with a hidden cloth over it, as he would squash various local competitors, and Rowan would be shown to be very protective and affectionate of the creature in the cage destroying whoever tried to look inside the cage. Despite this, the creature would bite Rowan on multiple occasions which would force him to take out his pain on his opponents. At the Royal Rumble pay-per-view on January 26, 2020, Rowan entered Royal Rumble match at number 3, and was quickly eliminated by Brock Lesnar. On March 2 episode of "Raw" in a backstage segment with No Way Jose, Rowan revealed the mystery creature inside the cage to be a large spider. The next week on "Raw", Rowan competed in his final match against Drew McIntyre, where mid-way through the bout, McIntyre crushed the cage with steel steps. On April 15, 2020, Rowan was released from his WWE contract along with several other superstars as a result of budget cuts in response to the COVID-19 pandemic,ending his 9-year tenure with the company.


title: Erick Rowan

text: Following his release from WWE, Ruud began taking bookings under the ring name "Erick Redbeard". On October 21, 2020, it was announced that he would be competing in the United Wrestling Network World Title tournament. He would make his debut on October 31, losing to Fred Rosser in the first round of the tournament by disqualification.


title: Erick Rowan

text: Following the death of his former WWE tag team partner Luke Harper (who was performing in All Elite Wrestling under the ring name Mr. Brodie Lee) on December 26, 2020, Redbeard appeared on the memorial "AEW Dynamite" episode "Brodie Lee Celebration of Life" on December 30, where he protected Dark Order members from being attacked by Wardlow during a six-man tag team match. After the match, he embraced the Dark Order, cried, and held up a sign that read: "Goodbye for now, my brother. See you down the road." Redbeard returned to AEW on the March 4, 2022 episode of "AEW Rampage" and aligned himself with Death Triangle (Pac and Penta Oscuro). The trio would team against House of Black (Malakai Black, Brody King, and Buddy Matthews) at Revolution's "Buy-In" pre-show event. The match would end with Redbeard getting pinned by Black.


title: Erick Rowan

text: Since 2019, Joseph Ruud has been married to his wife Leah Ruud. He has two children with his ex-wife. In his spare time, he plays guitar.


title: Mewtwo

text: Mewtwo is a Pokémon, a fictional creature from Nintendo and Game Freak. Created by Ken Sugimori, it debuted in the video games "Pokémon Red" and "Blue", and later appeared in subsequent sequels and spin-off titles, such as "Pokken Tournament". In the video games, the player can fight and capture Mewtwo in order to subsequently pit it against other Pokémon. The player first learns of Mewtwo late in "Pokémon Red" and "Blue" by reading research documents left in a ruined laboratory on Cinnabar Island. Mewtwo is regarded as one of the series' strongest Pokémon, and was the strongest in the original games in terms of stats. It is known as the "Genetic Pokémon" and is a Legendary Pokémon, a special group of Pokémon that are very rare and usually very powerful. <onlyinclude> Mewtwo has also appeared in various animated adaptations of the franchise.


title: Mewtwo

text: Masachika Ichimura was the first to voice the original Mewtwo character in Japanese, and the creature's younger self is voiced by Fujiko Takimoto in the "Sound Picture Box: Mewtwo's Origin" CD drama and Showtaro Morikubo in the anime adaptation.</onlyinclude> In English, Jay Goede voiced Mewtwo in "" (being credited under the pseudonym "Philip Bartlett") and the "Pokémon Live!" musical, while Dan Green provided the voice for "The First Movie"s direct sequel, "". Green reprised the role in the 2019 remake of the first Pokémon movie, "".


title: Mewtwo

text: Actress Reiko Takashima voiced a second, unrelated Mewtwo in the "Pokémon" anime special "Mewtwo: Prologue to Awakening" and its direct sequel, ""; this second Mewtwo is voiced by actress Miriam Pultro in the English dub. Mewtwo has featured in other game franchises, such as "Super Smash Bros." series. A third Mewtwo also appears in the 2019 live-action animated film "Detective Pikachu", voiced simultaneously by Rina Hoshino and Kotaro Watanabe.


title: Mewtwo

text: Japanese video game designer Ken Sugimori designed Mewtwo for the first generation of "Pocket Monsters" games, "Red" and "Green", known outside Japan as "Pokémon Red" and "Blue". In the games, Mewtwo is the result of genetic recombination of Mew's DNA that was born from Mew similar to real life clones. While most Pokémon are hatched from eggs, Mewtwo is the only Pokémon that was born. In the anime adaptation, however, it is instead a modified clone whose name means the "second Mew" that, instead of being born from a Mew like in the games, it was created in a tube with the DNA sample being from a Mew eyelash. Until the first "Pokémon" movie was released in the United States, Mewtwo was rarely referred to as a "clone" in Japanese sources. Kubo Masakazu, executive producer of "Mewtwo Strikes Back", explained that they "intentionally avoid using the term 'kuron' [clone]… because the word has a frightening feel".


title: Mewtwo

text: Despite being Mew's descendant, Mewtwo directly precedes Mew in the game's numerical Pokémon index, owing to the latter's secret inclusion by Game Freak programmer Shigeki Morimoto. During an interview, Pokémon Company president Tsunekazu Ishihara stated that Mewtwo was expected to be popular with North American audiences, citing their preference for strong, powerful characters.


title: Mewtwo

text: In the original games, Mewtwo is intended to be "the strongest Pokémon ever". Due to genetic engineering being applied to a sample of Mew's DNA in order to fully create Mewtwo's genome, Mewtwo is an extremely powerful psychic, yet its abilities surpass Mew's due to intentional alterations to the genetic source material. As such, it can use telekinesis for flight, to shield itself, or to powerfully throw opponents aside. In addition, it is among the very few Pokémon capable of human speech, doing so via telepathy, alongside Zekrom, Reshiram, Zygarde, the Ultra Beast Naganadel, Xerneas, Diancie, Calyrex and Arceus. Otherwise, it conserves its energy until needed, such as against powerful opponents. In addition to its psychic abilities, Mewtwo can also regenerate, which allows it to quickly recover from near-fatal injuries. However, Mewtwo notably lacks Mew's ability to learn every single teachable move within the games.


title: Mewtwo

text: Although Mewtwo's genome is almost identical to Mew's, the genetic engineering used to complete its creation nevertheless resulted in Mewtwo's appearance being very different in comparison to Mew's. It appears as a bipedal feline that is tall and has a light gray physique with a pronounced and girthy purple tail and abdomen, voluptuous thighs, purple irises, bulbous fingertips, toned chest, crest-like pinnae, and a tube-like mass of flesh that connects from behind its head to the center of its upper back. Its appearance has been likened to "an over sized cross of cat, squirrel and kangaroo".


title: Mewtwo

text: Although its modified genome resulted in its abilities surpassing Mew's, it also resulted in Mewtwo developing a vicious personality that is primarily interested in proving its own strength. The franchise's non-video game media, particularly the anime, has expanded upon the character. In the most notable instance, Mewtwo telepathically speaks with a male voice and is existentially torn over its purpose in the world.


title: Mewtwo

text: For the sixth and seventh generations of the Pokemon video game series, Mewtwo has two Mega Evolved forms, Mega Mewtwo X and Mega Mewtwo Y. These can be activated if the player gives Mewtwo either the Mewtwonite X or the Mewtwonite Y.


title: Mewtwo

text: In "Pokémon Red" and "Blue", the player learns of Mewtwo's existence by reading research notes left in the ruined Pokémon Mansion on Cinnabar Island. The notes say that the island's scientists discovered a new Pokémon in a Guyana jungle, that they named it Mew, and that it later gave birth to a creature they called Mewtwo; the game's Pokédex entry states that Mewtwo was "created by a scientist after years of horrific gene splicing and DNA engineering experiments". Mewtwo proved too mighty to control, destroying the laboratory and escaping. The player is later given an opportunity to capture Mewtwo in the Cerulean Cave, which is accessible only after defeating the game's final bosses, the Elite Four and Blue; in the remakes "Pokémon FireRed" and "LeafGreen" this prerequisite was expanded, requiring the player to explore more thoroughly and record information on sixty Pokémon species before access to the cave would be granted. Mewtwo can be caught in "Pokémon HeartGold" and "SoulSilver" in the same location as before after defeating all of the gym leaders in Kanto. The character was also the focus of a promotion and downloadable content giveaway for "Pokémon Black" and "White". It was also said to be under a truck in one of the cities, though this was revealed to be a hoax. Mewtwo also reappears in "Pokémon X" and "Y" after completing the main story, and is one of the handful of Pokémon capable of using the new Mega Evolution mechanic, as it can transform into either Mega Mewtwo X or Mega Mewtwo Y.


title: Mewtwo

text: Since its debut, Mewtwo has appeared in other Nintendo games, besides appearing in every "Pokémon" game. In "Pokémon Stadium" and "Pokémon Pinball", Mewtwo appears as a final boss after all competitions have been completed. In "Pokémon Puzzle League", Mewtwo serves not only as the final opponent, but also as the main antagonist responsible for the game's events. Other games, such as "Super Smash Bros. Melee" and the "" series, have featured Mewtwo as an unlockable player character that must be defeated before it may be used, while others like "Pokémon Snap" have featured the character in cameos, appearing once certain conditions have been met. For all appearances in which the character has spoken dialogue, Mewtwo is voiced by Masachika Ichimura, with the exception of "Pokémon Puzzle League", where it is voiced by Philip Bartlett, and "Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS" and "Wii U" and "Ultimate", where it is voiced by Keiji Fujiwara. After failing to make a playable appearance in "Super Smash Bros. Brawl", Mewtwo returned to the series as a DLC character in "Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS" and "Wii U" on April 28, 2015, though it was made available to Club Nintendo members who registered both versions on April 15, 2015. In "3DS" and "Wii U", its Final Smash involves it Mega Evolving into Mega Mewtwo Y and using Psystrike, its signature move in the "Pokémon" games. Mewtwo also returned as a playable character in "Super Smash Bros. Ultimate" for the Nintendo Switch, where it is once again an unlockable character. A new form of Mewtwo, Shadow Mewtwo, appears as a boss character in "Pokkén Tournament" and has a special attack that involves it Mega Evolving into Mega Mewtwo X. In addition, its normal form appears as a playable character. In the augmented reality mobile game "Pokémon Go", a different variation of Mewtwo's armored appearance from "" was available for a limited time in Tier 5 Raids in July 2019. Mewtwo also appears as a usable Pokémon in Pokémon Masters as the partner of Giovanni, who first became playable in the first Legendary Event, “Lurking Shadow”. During the first part of the Villain Arc story with Team Rocket, “Looming Shadow of Kanto”, the player could obtain Giovanni Legendary Spirit to raise the rarity of Giovanni to 6-Star EX if the player also used all 20 Power-Ups for Giovanni, which gives it a power boost and makes his Sync Move target all opponents instead of one, and then in the second part of the arc, “Spreading Shadow”, the player could obtain Mewtwo Crystals to allow Giovanni’s Mewtwo to evolve into Mega Mewtwo Y, which makes it even stronger and replaces the move Confusion with Psystrike until the end of the battle.


title: Mewtwo

text: Mewtwo is featured in the film "" as the main antagonist. Unlike in the games, it is shown to be the creation of the criminal organization Team Rocket, and is referred to as a clone instead of a genetically modified mammal. After Mewtwo destroys the laboratory where it was born, Team Rocket's leader, Giovanni, convinces Mewtwo he can help it control its powers, instead using Mewtwo as a weapon. After escaping Giovanni, Mewtwo questions the reason for its existence and declares revenge on its creators. To this end, it lures several Pokémon trainers, among them protagonist Ash Ketchum, to its island in order to clone their Pokémon. Once it does so, Mewtwo forces the originals to battle their clones in an effort to determine which set is superior, while Mewtwo faces its own genetic relative, Mew. Ash sacrifices himself to stop the fighting, though he is later revived from tears shed by both the originals and clones because of his sacrifice.


title: Mewtwo

text: Mewtwo, upon acknowledging the selflessness of Ash's sacrifice, comes to the conclusion that one's actions determine who they are and not the circumstances of their birth. Soon after having this epiphany, Mewtwo and the clones are joined by Mew as they leave to find a sanctuary, with Mewtwo erasing all memory of the events from those gathered. In localizing the film for English-language audiences, Mewtwo's personality became more arrogant and megalomaniacal; localization director Norman Grossfield ruled the changes necessary, as he believed American audiences needed a "clearly evil" instead of ambiguous villain. In the film, Mewtwo is voiced by Jay Goede (credited as Philip Bartlett) in English, and by Ichimura in Japanese. In this film, Mewtwo displayed unique abilities and powers unseen in other Pokémon, such as blocking all Pokémon moves in his arena when the clones face off against the originals.


title: Mewtwo

text: In September 1999, Nintendo published "Sound Picture Box Mewtwo", which included "The Birth of Mewtwo: Pokémon Radio Drama", a CD drama that expands upon Mewtwo's origins. Created by scientist Dr. Fuji, Mewtwo is one of several cloning attempts, which also include Amber, a clone of Fuji's deceased daughter. The young Mewtwo befriends Amber, communicating telepathically; however, the cloning process proves unstable, and she dies. To save the traumatized Mewtwo, Fuji erases its memories and puts it under sedation until its body finishes developing, leading to the events of the film. The CD drama was later adapted into a short anime, and was included with Japanese home releases and broadcasts of "Mewtwo Strikes Back" and later in North America in December 2001 as part of "Mewtwo Returns". Mewtwo as a child is voiced in Japanese by Fujiko Takimoto for the CD drama and Showtaro Morikubo for the anime, while in the English localization the voice actor is uncredited.


title: Mewtwo

text: In December 2000, the film was followed by a direct sequel, "", which was broadcast on Japanese television in December 2000 and released worldwide on home video and DVD in 2001. Voiced by Dan Green in English with Ichimura reprising the role in Japanese, Mewtwo and the clones have since found peace on Mount Quena in Johto, a region which directly neighbors Mewtwo's home region of Kanto. However, Giovanni, whose memories were left intact after the first film, locates and pursues Mewtwo. Assisted by Ash and his companions, Mewtwo comes to terms with its existence and defeats Giovanni, removing any memory of itself from his and his soldiers' minds, while leaving the others unaffected. As everyone departs, Mewtwo sets out on its own while the clones remain safely behind on Mount Quena.


title: Mewtwo

text: Mewtwo also appears in the musical "Pokémon Live!", a live action adaptation of the anime set after "Pokémon: The First Movie", and is portrayed by Marton Fulop. In it, Mewtwo faces a robotic replica of itself, MechaMew2, created by Giovanni and able to learn any attacks used against it. However, after learning compassion from Mewtwo, the machine rebels and self-destructs. The 2006 television special "" features a hologram version of Mewtwo, created and controlled by the story's antagonist Dr. Yung. With help from a hologram Mew, Ash and his companions destroy the Mewtwo hologram and defeat Yung.


title: Mewtwo

text: Another Mewtwo appears in the anime special "Mewtwo: Prologue to Awakening" and its direct sequel "", voiced by the actress Reiko Takashima. Compared to the original Mewtwo, this one is also conflicted about its existence, yet is more empathic to the point of not being belligerent toward humans, as shown when it protects Ash, Iris, Cilan, and Eric from the rampaging Genesect army. Unlike the original Mewtwo, this one is able to Mega Evolve into Mega Mewtwo Y; due to Mega Evolution not being fully introduced at the time, it is referred to in the film as Mewtwo's .


title: Mewtwo

text: A Mewtwo, which was created by Mr. Fuji, appears in the anime miniseries "Pokémon Origins", which is generally based on the plot of the video games "Pokémon FireRed" and "LeafGreen". As such, Red goes to Cerulean Cave, and uses the Mega Evolution mechanic introduced in "Pokémon X" and "Y" to Mega Evolve his Charizard for the fight with Mewtwo, whom Red captures.


title: Mewtwo

text: Mewtwo made its live-action animated debut in the 2019 movie "Detective Pikachu". Mewtwo also appears in the film "", a remake of "Pokémon: The First Movie", that premiered on July 12, 2019.


title: Mewtwo

text: Mewtwo from the first film appears in "Pokémon Journeys" episode "Getting More Than You Battled For!". Mewtwo protects several Pokémon that had been abused by humans on Cero Island since its departure from Mount Quena. Ash recognizes Mewtwo while Goh meets it for the first time after they were saved from the waterfall. After defeating Ash and Goh in a battle, Mewtwo decides to leave Cero Island with the rescued Pokémon and teleports them back to the Cerise Laboratory, allowing them to retain their memories of the encounter.


title: Mewtwo

text: Mewtwo has appeared as a central character in several books related to the "Pokémon" franchise, including novelizations of "Mewtwo Strikes Back" and "Mewtwo Returns", both of which closely follow the events of the films. In December 1999, Viz Media published the children's picture book "I'm Not Pikachu!: Pokémon Tales Movie Special", which featured children taking on traits of the characters from the film, including Mewtwo. In May 2001, Viz released a second children's book, "Mewtwo's Watching You!", which featured a shy Mewtwo interestedly watching other Pokémon play.


title: Mewtwo

text: In the manga series "Pokémon Adventures", Team Rocket created Mewtwo, but some of its DNA is placed inside the Gym leader Blaine. Because of the DNA that they share, the two are unable to be separated for very long without becoming ill. Later, another Pokémon, Entei, is able to break the bond between the two by removing the DNA in Blaine's arm, at which point Mewtwo leaves. It eventually helps the main character of the series, Red, fight against Team Rocket leader Giovanni and his Deoxys.


title: Mewtwo

text: In 1998, Toshihiro Ono was asked to write a story detailing Mewtwo's origin to coincide with the release of "Pokémon: The First Movie". The 52-page comic, presented in the form of a flashback, was replaced midway by "The Birth of Mewtwo" animated short, resulting in little connection between Ono's work and the film. Regardless, it saw print as a side story for "" in the July 1998 issue of "CoroCoro Comic". In it, Mewtwo's creator Dr. Fuji takes on the role of a coach for the fully developed Pokémon, while his employers, Team Rocket, test its abilities. Learning of a plan to mass-produce it as a weapon, Fuji approaches Mewtwo and tells it to destroy the lab and Fuji himself. Mewtwo refuses, stating it cannot harm the doctor, who it regards as its father. Once captured by Team Rocket, Fuji tells Mewtwo that he is honored by the statement, and is then killed. Angered by his death, Mewtwo destroys the lab and escapes. In the present, Mewtwo cries in its sleep as it dreams of the events.


title: Mewtwo

text: In the games, Mewtwo is consistently noted as being one of the strongest opponents, and has been described in "Pokémon Red" and "Blue" as being "the best Pokémon in the game", as well as "one of the rarest — and hardest to catch". Because of the character's multiple strengths and few weaknesses, it changes how players approach playing against each other, causing players to either develop strategies solely to defeat an opposing Mewtwo, or to prohibit its use when battling other players. "IGN"s staff bemoaned its exclusion from "Super Smash Bros. Brawl". A poll by "IGN" on whether the character was missed by others in "Brawl" shared a similar sentiment, though they also described it as one of "Super Smash Bros. Melee"s weakest characters. Professional "Super Smash Bros." player Jason "Mew2King" Zimmerman takes his handle from Mewtwo, although he uses other characters in competition. Authors Tracey West and Katherine Noll called Mewtwo the fifth best Legendary Pokémon and the sixth best Pokémon overall. Jeremy Parish of "Polygon" ranked 73 fighters from "Super Smash Bros. Ultimate" "from garbage to glorious", listing Mewtwo as 40th and criticized. Kevin Slackie of "Paste" listed Mewtwo as one of the best Pokemon, and further stated Mewtwo has managed to stay relevant for over 20 years without the same exposure as Pikachu, which itself is a testament to its amazing staying power as one of the most powerful Pokémon. Gavin Jasper of "Den of Geek" ranked Mewtwo as 35th of "Super Smash Bros. Ultimate" characters, and calling Mewtwo as a Akuma of Pokémon. Mewtwo was ranked second in "Complex"s "The 50 Best Pokemon Up to Pokemon Crystal", with Elijah Watson saying "that Mewtwo actually exists somewhere on this planet, maybe it'll see its position on our list and spare us." "IGN" readers voted Mewtwo as the second-best pocket monster, receiving 86% of win percentage. Dale Bishir of "IGN" described Mewtwo as the most important Pokémon that impacted the franchise's history, and further stated that his prominence is seen all over the franchise, with him having two mega evolutions, his major role in the "Detective Pikachu", being a playable character in "Super Smash Bros.", and even having two animated movies about him. Steven Bogos of "The Escapist" listed Mewtwo as fourth of their favorite Pokémon, describing it as undoubtedly the most powerful Pokémon of the original games.


title: Mewtwo

text: The book "Pikachu's Global Adventure: The Rise and Fall of Pokémon" noted Mewtwo as popular with older male children who tend to be drawn to "tough or scary" characters; Mew in contrast was described as a polar opposite, a character popular with young girls who tend to be drawn to "cute" characters. Others books, such as "Media and the Make-believe Worlds of Children", have noted a similar comparison, citing Mewtwo as "more aggressive-looking" compared to Mew and emphasizing the importance of the contrast for children. The book "Gaming Cultures and Place in Asia-Pacific" compares Sugimori's design of Mewtwo to that of Japanese tokusatsu films, namely monster films like the 1954 "Godzilla" in creating "monstrous yet familiar silhouettes from the past renewed agency in the form of eyes and expressions which cut through the viewer".


title: Mewtwo

text: In reception to extended media for the "Pokémon" franchise, Mewtwo has been likened to Frankenstein's monster as a being born from artificial means and discontent with the fact. Theology Secretary for the Church of England Anne Richards described Mewtwo as representing a "parable about the pointlessness of force", and praised the character for displaying the Christian value of redemption. Other reactions have been mixed. While it has been cited as a "complex and compelling villain" by some critics, its goal of world domination was received as a trait shared by "…every "anime" villain…", and likened to a James Bond villain by "Daily Record".


title: Mewtwo

text: However, "Animerica" praised Mewtwo as a character with "philosophical depth" as well as for serving as "an adversary of almost infinite power and genuine malice" that the anime series had been lacking. Ken Hollings of "Sight & Sound" described Mewtwo as "brooding, articulate and vengeful where the other Pokémon remain bright blobs of wordless energy", and "Like a troubled elder brother, Mewtwo represents an older order of experience." "" praised the character as the best villain of the "Pokémon" film series, and one of "Mewtwo Strikes Back"s strongest elements. The "Los Angeles Times" cited its behavior as a point of humor in relation to its appearance as a "decidedly feline character."


title: Mewtwo

text: Mewtwo's image is utilized for merchandise related to the "Pokémon" franchise, which includes toys, children's toothbrushes, and a playing piece for a "Pokémon"-themed version of "Monopoly". Several action figures have been made, such as a posable figure by Hasbro in 2006 that included accessories to recreate its "Hyper Beam" and "Light Screen" attacks, and a six-inch-tall "talking" figurine by Jakks Pacific as part of a series to commemorate the anime's "" story arc. Items marketed for adults featuring Mewtwo have also been sold and distributed by Nintendo, such as T-shirts. The island nation of Niue released a one-dollar coin featuring the character as part of a commemorative promotion for the "Pokémon" franchise, with Mewtwo on one side and the nation's coat of arms on the other. Mewtwo also appears on the port side of All Nippon Airways's Pocket Monsters Boeing 747 jumbo jet, alongside Mew.


title: Eat, Pray, Love

text: Eat, Pray, Love: One Woman's Search for Everything Across Italy, India and Indonesia is a 2006 memoir by American author Elizabeth Gilbert. The memoir chronicles the author's trip around the world after her divorce and what she discovered during her travels. The book remained on "The New York Times" Best Seller list for 187 weeks. The film version, which stars Julia Roberts and Javier Bardem, was released in theaters on August 13, 2010.


title: Eat, Pray, Love

text: Gilbert followed up this book with "", released through Viking in January 2010. It covered her life after "Eat, Pray, Love", plus an exploration of the concept of marriage.


title: Eat, Pray, Love

text: At 34 years old, Elizabeth Gilbert was educated, had a home, a husband, and a successful career as a writer. She was, however, unhappy in her marriage and initiated a divorce. She then embarked on a rebound relationship that did not work out, leaving her devastated and alone. After finalizing her difficult divorce Gilbert made the decision to spend the next year traveling the world. To gain funding she approached her publisher about writing a memoir about her travels, something that she described as "a staggering personal miracle".


title: Eat, Pray, Love

text: She spent four months in Italy, eating and enjoying life ("Eat"). She spent three months in India, finding her spirituality ("Pray"). She ended the year in Bali, Indonesia, looking for "balance" of the two and fell in love with a Brazilian businessman ("Love"), whom she later married and divorced.


title: Eat, Pray, Love

text: Columbia Pictures purchased film rights for the memoir and has produced a film version under the same title. It was released on August 13, 2010. American actress Julia Roberts starred in the film; Ryan Murphy directed it. The film also stars Javier Bardem, James Franco, Richard Jenkins, and Billy Crudup. Brad Pitt and Dede Gardner of Plan B, Pitt's production company, produced the film.


title: Eat, Pray, Love

text: Jennifer Egan of "The New York Times" described Gilbert's prose as "fueled by a mix of intelligence, wit and colloquial exuberance that is close to irresistible" but said that the book "drags" in the middle. She was more interested in "the awkward, unresolved stuff she must have chosen to leave out," noting that Gilbert omits the "confusion and unfinished business of real life" and that "we know how the story ends pretty much from the beginning."


title: Eat, Pray, Love

text: Katie Roiphe of "Slate" agreed with Egan about the strength of Gilbert's writing. However, she described the journey as too fake: "too willed, too self-conscious." She stated that given the apparent artificiality of the journey, her "affection for "Eat, Pray, Love" is ... furtive" but that "it is a transcendently great beach book." "The Washington Post" Grace Lichtenstein stated that "the only thing wrong with this readable, funny memoir of a magazine writer's yearlong travels across the world in search of pleasure and balance is that it seems so much like a Jennifer Aniston movie."


title: Eat, Pray, Love

text: Lev Grossman of "Time", however, praised the spiritual aspect of the book, stating that "to read about her struggles with a 182-verse Sanskrit chant, or her (successful) attempt to meditate while being feasted on by mosquitoes, is to come about as close as you can to enlightenment-by-proxy." He did, however, agree with Roiphe that her writing occasionally seems to be "trying too hard to be liked; one feels the belabored mechanism of her jokes."


title: Eat, Pray, Love

text: Lori Leibovich of Salon agreed with several other reviewers about the strength of Gilbert's storytelling. She agreed with Egan as well that Gilbert seems to have an unlimited amount of luck, saying, "Her good fortune seems limitless" and asking "Is it possible for one person to be this lucky?"


title: Eat, Pray, Love

text: "Entertainment Weekly" Jessica Shaw said that "despite a few cringe-worthy turns ... Gilbert's journey is well worth taking." Don Lattin of the "San Francisco Chronicle" agreed with Egan that the story was weakest while she was in India and questioned the complete veracity of the book. Barbara Fisher of "The Boston Globe" also praised Gilbert's writing, stating that "she describes with intense visual, palpable detail. She is the epic poet of ecstasy."


title: Eat, Pray, Love

text: In early 2010, the feminist magazine "Bitch" published a critical review and social commentary called "Eat, Pray, Spend." Authors Joshunda Sanders and Diana Barnes-Brown wrote that ""Eat, Pray, Love" is not the first book of its kind, but it is a perfect example of the genre of priv-lit: literature or media whose expressed goal is one of spiritual, existential, or philosophical enlightenment contingent upon women's hard work, commitment, and patience, but whose actual barriers to entry are primarily financial." The genre, they argued, positions women as inherently and deeply flawed and offers "no real solutions for the astronomically high tariffs—both financial and social—that exclude all but the most fortunate among us from participating."


title: Seikan Tunnel

text: The Seikan Tunnel (, or , ), is a dual-gauge railway tunnel in Japan, with a portion under the seabed of the Tsugaru Strait, which separates Aomori Prefecture on the main Japanese island of Honshu from the northern island of Hokkaido. The track level is about below the seabed and below sea level. The tunnel is part of the standard-gauge Hokkaido Shinkansen and the narrow-gauge Kaikyō Line of the Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido)'s Tsugaru-Kaikyō Line. The name "Seikan" comes from combining the "on'yomi" readings of the first characters of , the nearest major city on the Honshu side of the strait, and , the nearest major city on the Hokkaido side.


title: Seikan Tunnel

text: The Seikan Tunnel is the world's longest undersea tunnel by overall length (the Channel Tunnel, while shorter, has a longer undersea segment). It is also the second-deepest transport tunnel below the sea level after the Ryfylke Tunnel, a road tunnel in Norway which opened in 2019, and the second longest main-line railway tunnel after the Gotthard Base Tunnel in Switzerland, opened in 2016.


title: Seikan Tunnel

text: Connecting the islands Honshu and Hokkaido by a fixed link had been considered since the Taishō period (1912–25), but serious surveying commenced only in 1946, induced by the loss of overseas territory at the end of World War II and the need to accommodate returnees. In 1954, five ferries, including the "Tōya Maru", sank in the Tsugaru Strait during a typhoon, killing 1,430 passengers. The following year, Japanese National Railways (JNR) expedited the tunnel feasibility study. Also of concern was the increasing traffic between the two islands. A booming economy saw traffic levels on the JNR-operated Seikan Ferry double to 4,040,000 passengers/year from 1955 to 1965, and cargo levels rose 1.7 times to 6,240,000 tonnes/year. Inter-island traffic forecast projections made in 1971 predicted increasing growth that would eventually outstrip the ability of the ferry pier facility, which was constrained by geographical conditions.


title: Seikan Tunnel

text: In September 1971, the decision was made to commence work on the tunnel. A Shinkansen-capable cross section was selected, with plans to extend the Shinkansen network. Arduous construction in difficult geological conditions proceeded. Thirty-four workers were killed during construction. On 27 January 1983, Japanese Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone pressed a switch that set off a blast that completed the pilot tunnel. Similarly on 10 March 1985, Minister of Transport Tokuo Yamashita symbolically bored through the main tunnel.


title: Seikan Tunnel

text: The necessity for the project was questioned at times during construction, as the 1971 traffic predictions were overestimates. Instead of the traffic rate increasing as predicted to a peak in 1985, it peaked earlier in 1978 and then proceeded to decrease. The decrease was attributed to the slowdown in Japan's economy since the first oil crisis in 1973 and to advances made in air transport facilities and longer-range sea transport.


title: Seikan Tunnel

text: The tunnel was opened on 13 March 1988, having cost a total of ¥1.1 trillion (US$7 billion) to construct, almost 12 times the original budget, much of which was due to inflation over the years. To commemorate the event, a commemorative 500 yen coin depicting the tunnel was issued by the Japan Mint in 1988. Once the tunnel was completed, all railway transport between Honshu and Hokkaido used it. However, for passenger transport, 90% of people use air travel due to the speed and cost. For example, to travel between Tokyo and Sapporo by train takes eight hours (Tokyo station and Shin-Sapporo station), with transfer from Shinkansen to narrow-gauge express train at Hakodate. By air, the journey is 1 hour and 45 minutes, or three hours and thirty minutes including airport access times. Deregulation and competition in Japanese domestic air travel has brought down prices on the Tokyo-Sapporo route, making rail more expensive in comparison.


title: Seikan Tunnel

text: The "Hokutosei" overnight train service began after the completion of the Seikan Tunnel; a later and more luxurious "Cassiopeia" overnight train service was often fully booked. Both were withdrawn following the commencement of Hokkaido Shinkansen services (in August 2015 and March 2016 respectively), with freight trains being the only regular service utilising the narrow gauge line since that time. JR Hokkaido is exploring the use of "Train on Train" technology to remove the threat that the shock wave created in front of Shinkansen trains traveling at full speed pose to freight trains operating on Japanese standard narrow-gauge track in a tunnel setting. If successful, it will allow the Hokkaido Shinkansen to travel at full speed inside the tunnel in the future.


title: Seikan Tunnel

text: Shinkansen trains operate through the tunnel to Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto Station in Hakodate, connecting Tokyo and Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto stations in four hours and two minutes, at a maximum speed of within the tunnel and outside it, and to the south of Morioka. It was expected that by 2018 one daily service will be run at through the tunnel. In March 2019, a 160 km/h speed limit inside the tunnel allowed Tokyo-Shin-Hakodate services in 3h58. The final stage is proposed to open to Sapporo Station in 2031 and is expected to shorten the Tokyo-Sapporo rail journey to five hours. The Hokkaido Shinkansen will be operated by JR Hokkaido.


title: Seikan Tunnel

text: Surveying started in 1946 and construction began in 1971. By August 1982, less than 700 metres of the tunnel remained to be excavated. First contact between the two sides was in 1983. The Tsugaru Strait has eastern and western necks, both approximately across. Initial surveys undertaken in 1946 indicated that the eastern neck was up to deep with volcanic geology. The western neck had a maximum depth of and geology consisting mostly of sedimentary rocks of the Neogene period. The western neck was selected, with its conditions considered favourable for tunnelling.


title: Seikan Tunnel

text: The geology of the undersea portion of the tunnel consists of volcanic rock, pyroclastic rock, as well as sedimentary rock of the Neogene period. The area is folded into a nearly vertical syncline, which means that the youngest rock is in the centre of the strait and encountered last. Divided roughly into thirds, the Honshū side consists of volcanic rocks (notably andesite and basalt); the Hokkaido side consists of sedimentary rocks (notably Tertiary period tuff and mudstone); and the centre portion consists of Kuromatsunai strata (Tertiary period sand-like mudstone). Igneous intrusions and faults caused crushing of the rock and complicated the tunnelling procedures.


title: Seikan Tunnel

text: Initial geological investigation occurred from 1946 to 1963, which involved drilling the sea-bed, sonic surveys, submarine boring, observations using a mini-submarine, as well as seismic and magnetic surveys. To establish a greater understanding, a horizontal pilot boring was undertaken along the line of the service and main tunnels. Tunnelling occurred simultaneously from the northern end and the southern. The dry land portions were tackled with traditional mountain tunnelling techniques, with a single main tunnel. However, for the 23.3-kilometre undersea portion, three bores were excavated with increasing diameters respectively: an initial pilot tunnel, a service tunnel, and finally the main tunnel. The service tunnel was periodically connected to the main tunnel with a series of connecting drifts, at 600- to 1,000-metre intervals. The pilot tunnel serves as the service tunnel for the central five-kilometre portion. Beneath the Tsugaru Strait, the use of a tunnel boring machine (TBM) was abandoned after less than two kilometres () owing to the variable nature of the rock and difficulty in accessing the face for advanced grouting. Blasting with dynamite and mechanical picking were then used to excavate.


title: Seikan Tunnel

text: A 2002 report by Michitsugu Ikuma described, for the undersea section, that "the tunnel structure appears to remain in a good condition." The amount of inflow has been decreasing with time, although it "increases right after a large earthquake".


title: Seikan Tunnel

text: In March 2018 at 30 years of age, maintenance costs amounted to 30 billion Yen or US$286 million since 1999. Plans are to increase speed and provide mobile communication at the full track.


title: Seikan Tunnel

text: Initially, only narrow-gauge track was laid through the tunnel, but in 2005 the Hokkaido Shinkansen project started construction which included laying dual gauge track (providing standard gauge track capability) and extending the Shinkansen network through the tunnel. Shinkansen services to Hakodate commenced in March 2016, and are proposed to be extended to Sapporo by 2031. The tunnel has of continuous welded rail.


title: Seikan Tunnel

text: Two stations are within the tunnel—Tappi-Kaitei Station and Yoshioka-Kaitei Station. They serve as emergency escape points. In the event of a fire or other disaster, the stations provide the equivalent safety of a much shorter tunnel. The effectiveness of the escape shafts at the emergency stations is enhanced by having exhaust fans to extract smoke, television cameras to help route passengers to safety, thermal (infrared) fire alarm systems, and water spray nozzles. Before the construction of the Hokkaido Shinkansen, both stations contained museums detailing the history and function of the tunnel that could be visited on special sightseeing tours. The museums are now closed and the space provides storage for work on the Hokkaido Shinkansen. The two were the first railway stations in the world built under the sea.


title: Jake Kasdan

text: Jacob Kasdan (born October 28, 1974) is an American filmmaker and actor. He is best known for directing "Walk Hard" (2007), "Bad Teacher" (2011), "Sex Tape" (2014), "" (2017) and "" (2019).


title: Jake Kasdan

text: Kasdan was born and raised in a Jewish family, with little religious education in Detroit, Michigan, the son of Meg (née Goldman), a writer, and writer-director Lawrence Kasdan. His younger brother, Jon Kasdan, also works in the film and television industry as an actor and writer.


title: Jake Kasdan

text: Kasdan has directed seven theatrical films: "Zero Effect" (1998), "Orange County" (2002), "The TV Set" (2006), "" (2007), "Bad Teacher" (2011), "Sex Tape" (2014), "" (2017) and "" (2019). He has also worked in television, most notably with Judd Apatow, as a consulting producer and director on "Freaks and Geeks" and as a director on "Undeclared". He has also directed numerous stage productions. He is attached to direct John Grisham novel "Calico Joe" to a family film adaptation.


title: Jake Kasdan

text: In 2008, Kasdan received his first Golden Globe nomination for "Walk Hard "in the Best Original Song category (shared with John C. Reilly, Judd Apatow, and Marshall Crenshaw), but lost to "Guaranteed" from "Into the Wild" (written by Eddie Vedder).


title: Jake Kasdan

text: As a child, he made several appearances in his father's movies such as "The Big Chill" and "Silverado" (in the former he is an autograph seeker at a funeral and in the latter a stable boy).


title: Jake Kasdan

text: After the success of "New Girl", Kasdan announced that on July 11, 2012, that he had signed a deal with 20th Century Fox Television, through The Detective Agency, to pursue own projects.


title: Jake Kasdan

text: In February 2015, Fox announced it had greenlit a pilot for the comedy "The Grinder" to be directed by Kasdan and starring Rob Lowe.


title: Jake Kasdan

text: On March 26, 2019, The Detective Agency's producing partners Jake Kasdan and Melvin Mar reupped, and signed a new overall deal at 20th Century Fox Television.