title: Battle.net

text: Also, several communication tools have been made, like a "whisper" tool, so that a player could talk to their friends even if they are in a game.


title: Battle.net

text: Custom games (using maps that were not made by Blizzard Entertainment) have helped build the community, and now are a substantial portion of the games played. Among the most popular of these games in "" are tower defense maps and "hero solo" maps (such as "Defense of the Ancients", and arena maps) or pure RTS games like "Civilization Wars", where the player develops their economy, tech, and unit diversity but the player has no control of their units.


title: Battle.net

text: A group of gamers reverse engineered the network protocol used by Battle.net and Blizzard games, and released a free (under the GNU GPL) Battle.net emulation package called bnetd. With bnetd, a gamer is not required to use the official Battle.net servers to play Blizzard games.


title: Battle.net

text: In February 2002, lawyers retained by Blizzard Entertainment threatened legal action under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) against the developers of bnetd. Blizzard games are designed to operate online exclusively with a set of Blizzard-controlled servers collectively known as "Battle.net". Battle.net servers include a CD key check as a means of preventing software piracy.


title: Battle.net

text: Despite offers from the bnetd developers to integrate Blizzard's CD key checking system into bnetd, Blizzard claims that the public availability of any such software package facilitates piracy, and moved to have the bnetd project shut down under provisions of the DMCA. As this case is one of the first major test cases for the DMCA, the Electronic Frontier Foundation became involved. For a while negotiations were ongoing to resolve the case without a trial. However, the negotiations failed and Blizzard won the case on all counts: the defendants were ruled to have breached both StarCraft's End User License Agreement (EULA) and the Terms of Use of Battle.net.


title: Battle.net

text: This decision was appealed to the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also ruled in favor of Blizzard Entertainment/Vivendi on September 1, 2005.


title: Battle.net

text: On July 6, 2010, Blizzard Entertainment announced that they planned to change the way their forums worked to require that users identify themselves with their real name. The reaction from the community was overwhelmingly negative with multiple game magazines calling the change "foolhardy" and an "Epic Fail". It also resulted in the largest user response ever on the Blizzard forums. This included personal details of a Blizzard employee who gave his real name "to show it wasn't a big deal". Shortly after revealing his real name, personal information was posted that included his phone number, picture, age, home address, and other details.


title: Battle.net

text: Some technology media outlets suggested the change was a good idea and would benefit both Battle.net and the Blizzard community. Others worried that Blizzard would open their fans up to real-life dangers such as stalking, sexual predators, and employment issues, since a simple Google search by a user's employer would reveal their online activities. There was also concern that this would lead to real-life harassment and safety concerns, especially for women and transgender gamers who are already harassed quite often in-game.


title: Battle.net

text: Blizzard Entertainment initially responded to some of the concerns by saying that the changes would not be retroactive to previous posts, that parents could set up the system so that minors cannot post, and that posting to the forums is optional. However, due to the huge negative response, Blizzard President Michael Morhaime issued a statement rescinding the plan to use real names on Blizzard's forums for the time being.


title: Battle.net

text: During 2012, Blizzard Entertainment suffered a number of incidents related to security. In May 2012, shortly after "Diablo III"s launch, they discovered a number of accounts that had been hacked using traditional means through password knowledge, with affected game characters being stripped of in-game possessions that could be sold for money. Blizzard noted at this time that those accounts affected did not use their authentication option, and made changes to try to improve security, such as the above authentication requirement for the game's Auction House. A few months later on August 4, 2012, Blizzard reported that their Battle.net servers had been hacked into, with the perpetrators gaining access to some personal information, including user e-mail addresses, answers to security questions, and scrambled passwords, but not enough for user accounts to be compromised, according to Blizzard. Blizzard Entertainment required all players on Battle.net in North America to change their password and suggested all users change their security questions.


title: Battle.net

text: These security breaches led to a class-action lawsuit against Blizzard Entertainment in November 2012, claiming that the company was making a profit from the sale of Authenticator devices rather than using the money to enhance the security of their own servers, and that they failed to notify affected users about the August data breach in a timely manner. Most of the claims in the suit were summarily dismissed in favor of Blizzard Entertainment in July 2013, primarily as the plaintiffs could not show any harm they suffered from these breaches, and the remaining claims related to Battle.net Authenticator promotional claims were resolved through mediation. The case was ultimately closed in February 2014.


title: Loyola College, Chennai

text: Loyola College is a private Catholic higher education institution run by the Society of Jesus in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. It was founded in 1925 by the French Jesuit priest, Francis Bertram, along with other European Jesuits. It is an autonomous Jesuit college affiliated with the University of Madras. Loyola commerce association celebrated its 75th year in 2019. Loyola College has more than 8000 students studying as of 2021.


title: Loyola College, Chennai

text: Loyola College secured 3rd rank among 100 colleges in The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) ranking 2021 with a score of 69.28. It admits undergraduates and post-graduates and confers degrees in the commerce, sciences and liberal arts. The college is on a campus in the neighbourhood of Nungambakkam. The campus features tree-lined pathways, academic buildings, steepled Gothic church that dates back to 1930, and separate fields for each sport.


title: Loyola College, Chennai

text: The name Loyola comes from the ancestral castle where Íñigo López de Loyola was born in 1491, the last of a large Basque family. He along with St. Francis Xavier and five other companions founded the Society of Jesus (the Jesuit Order), a worldwide organization of religious men numbering about 19,000. Nearly 4,000 are working in the 18 provinces of India.


title: Loyola College, Chennai

text: In Tamil Nadu there are 480 Jesuits working in schools, colleges, youth services, social work centres, parishes, mission outreach programmes, and in other forms of service and church ministry.


title: Loyola College, Chennai

text: Loyola College was founded in 1925 by the French Jesuit priest, Francis Bertram (originally a.k.a. Père François Bertrand; 1870/1871–1936), along with other European Jesuits, Fr Francis Bertram was educated at the universities of Oxford, Cambridge, and the London School of Economics. The Department of Economics was founded by Basenach from the London School of Economics.


title: Loyola College, Chennai

text: The college offers courses at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The arts/humanities stream includes English, economics, commerce, history, Tamil and sociology. Science courses include physics, chemistry, statistics, botany, zoology and computer science. The college follows a credit-based, semester pattern. Undergraduate students must pass all examinations and obtain at least 120 credits in three years to be eligible for a degree. All students must also earn non-academic credits from extra-curricular and social service options. The Department of Outreach facilitates social work in the college. It is a degree requirement that every student irrespective of department complete the outreach program in second year, intended to form more complete human persons. The program takes students to slums and backward areas in and around Chennai to acquaint them with the sufferings of the people and to serve in small ways to better the living conditions. The program awards 3 credits.


title: Loyola College, Chennai

text: Loyola College along with Women's Christian college are the only colleges in the state capital Chennai with "A+" accreditation from NAAC. "India Today" magazine in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009 ranked Loyola number one in India for science degrees, and in 2007 in both science and humanities. The Department of Scientific and Industrial Research has recognised Loyola College as a Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, the highest research honour for an Arts and Science College.


title: Loyola College, Chennai

text: The college has been conferred a "College with Potential For Excellence" status by the University Grants Commission. It was given a 10 million grant (1 Crore) in 2006 by the UGC for continual improvement of facilities. The UGC has further certified it as a "College of Excellence" in the year 2014. The certification, for a period of five years until 2019, comes with a grant of Rs. 2 crore for the college to upgrade its facilities.


title: Loyola College, Chennai

text: Loyola college is one of the colleges which was selected for Deen Dayal Upadhyay KAUSHAL Kendra, a remarkable scheme initiated and funded by the Government of India and the University Grants Commission. It hosts a variety of courses like B.Voc. 3D Animation, B.Voc. Digital Journalism, M.Voc. 3D Animation and M.Voc. Digital Journalism, all of which are designed to offer Job oriented training. It has both UG and PG level curriculum courses in the department.


title: Loyola College, Chennai

text: Loyola College was a pioneer among colleges in South India in hosting cultural fests, and stands out among men's college in Chennai for fostering well-rounded development. Women were first admitted at the turn of the millennium, and they too are encouraged to participate in cultural activities. The college has been commended for its blend of cultures and for requiring all students to have weekly contact with the poor. Its cultural sensitivity also extends worldwide.


title: Loyola College, Chennai

text: The large, Down Sterling inter-college carnival was terminated by college authorities in 1992 when things got out of hand. This historic carnival is memorialized in the friendship song "MUSTHAFA MUSTHAFA" from the movie "Kadhal Desam" (1996).


title: Loyola College, Chennai

text: To somewhat fill the void the Loyola Student's Union organizes the intra-collegiate cultural event Ovations each September where the students compete for the Trophy in both on and off stage cultural competitions while representing their home departments. The college also used to host an annual inter-collegiate dance competition called "Ignite" each February, where its dance team, Loyola Dream Team, excels; also featured are Western/acoustic music bands, and variety and mime teams, but hasn't been conducted for the past 3 years for various reasons.


title: Loyola College, Chennai

text: Loyola college alumni also referred to as Loyolites have been contributors in various fields of law, politics, civil services, science, education, business, sports and entertainment.


title: Playgirl

text: Playgirl was an American magazine that featured general interest articles, lifestyle and celebrity news, in addition to nude or semi-nude men. In the 1970s and 1980s, the magazine printed monthly and was marketed mainly to women, although it had a significant gay male readership.


title: Playgirl

text: The magazine was founded in 1973 by Douglas Lambert during the height of the feminist movement as a response to erotic men's magazines such as "Playboy" and "Penthouse" that featured similar photos of women. In 1977, Lambert sold "Playgirl" to Ira Ritter who took over as publisher. The magazine covered issues like abortion and equal rights, interspersed with sexy shots of men, and played a pivotal role in the sexual revolution for women. From March 2009 to February 2010, "Playgirl" appeared only online. The magazine returned to print as a sometime quarterly beginning with its March 2010 issue. The final print issue was Winter 2016. As of 2016, the magazine had only approximately 3,000 subscribers.


title: Playgirl

text: In 1986, "Playgirl" filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection and was subsequently acquired by Drake Publishers, Inc. The magazine was published by Drake from 1986 until 1993 when Drake was merged into Crescent Publishing Group, Inc. In August 2000, Crescent was charged by the Federal Trade Commission with over $180 million of online credit card fraud, much of which was alleged by the FTC to have taken place on the playgirl.com website. In November 2001, for one of the then largest FTC settlements involving online credit card fraud, Crescent agreed to pay $30 million in refunds and to post a $2-million bond before it could continue to operate its websites. As a further condition for the settlement, Crescent principals Bruce A. Chew and David Bernstein were barred by the FTC from operating adult entertainment websites unless first posting bonds of $500,000 each. In December 2001, Crescent Publishing Group, Inc. changed its name to Blue Horizon Media, Inc. Following the FTC settlement, in 2003 then Crescent/Blue Horizon president Bruce Chew was indicted, along with alleged organized-crime figure Richard Martino and others on federal charges of conspiracy to commit wire fraud, credit-card fraud and money laundering for illegally billing web users including for the "Playgirl" website. Pursuant to a plea deal, Chew would later agree to testify for the government and against various of his co-defendants.


title: Playgirl

text: In August 2008, the magazine announced that it would cease publication of its print edition as of the January 2009 issue. After that point, the magazine planned to continue with an online-only edition. The last print issue was published in January/February 2009.


title: Playgirl

text: In February 2010, "Playgirl" announced it would re-launch issuing a print edition of the magazine. The first such issue would be the March 2010 issue available on newsstands as of February 22, 2010, carrying on its cover Levi Johnston, shot by longtime "Playgirl" photographer Greg Weiner. The magazine was issued approximately quarterly after that time.


title: Playgirl

text: "Playgirl" was published by New York City–based company Blue Horizon Media, Inc. until April 25, 2011, when Blue Horizon sold the print rights for "Playgirl" together with those of its other titles – "High Society", "Cheri", "Black Diamond", "Finally Legal", and "Purely 18" – to Magna Publishing Group, Inc. of Paramus, New Jersey. The Playgirl.com website is owned and operated by BAOL LLC. In December 2015, Magna Publishing Group was acquired by 1-800-PHONESEX.


title: Playgirl

text: The magazine was mainly marketed to heterosexual women. Despite this, in 2003, "Playgirl"s then-editor-in-chief Michele Zipp admitted the magazine also attracted much gay readership. "It's 'Entertainment for Women' because there's no other magazine out there that caters to women in the way we do," she said. But she went on adding: "We love our gay readers as well, and the gay readership [of the magazine] is about 30%." In the same year, Mark Graff, President of Trans Digital Media, the brand management firm for Playgirl TV, stated that a large percentage of "Playgirl"s readership are gay men.


title: Playgirl

text: Throughout the history of the magazine, "Playgirl" has featured male frontal nudity except for the early issues in 1973, and 1987 when John Paul became the year's first full frontal centerfold in November after ten months of non-nude photo spreads. Apart from professional models, "Playgirl" features amateur models in a section called "Real Men" (formerly known as "Snapshots"). A Real Men of the Year contest is held, in which readers can vote for the best layout of the year. In June of every year, "Playgirl" has its "Man of the Year" issue. In July, it is the "Country" issue; in November, "Playgirl" dedicates an issue to "Campus Hunks."


title: Playgirl

text: In a 2000 paper published in the "International Journal of Eating Disorders", researchers examined 115 male centerfold models in "Playgirl" magazine from 1973 to 1997 and noted that the "Playgirl" centerfold models have become increasingly muscular over time.


title: Playgirl

text: "Playgirl" is available in English and has been published in a number of other languages and international English-language editions during its history:


title: Playgirl

text: When the Russian version of "Playgirl" was launched in June 2004, it contained photographs of nude, circumcised American men despite circumcision's being less common outside the U.S., being practiced mainly by Muslims and Jews in Russia.


title: Playgirl

text: "Playgirl UK"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s brief 2011 relaunch was accompanied by an announcement that it would feature no below-the-waist nudity, and would focus on attractive male celebrities rather than models and pornography actors. It was a failure, and ceased circulation soon after it began.


title: Playgirl

text: "Playgirl" has a monthly section entitled "Celeb Nudes" featuring photographs of various celebrities from film scenes, usually nude.


title: Playgirl

text: In 2015, "Playgirl" asked Miguel Pimentel, a "bulging New York City Sheriff's deputy", to pose nude and offered $10,000 to any one who could get frontal nudes of Anderson Cooper.


title: Chewing Gum (TV series)

text: Chewing Gum is a British television sitcom created and written by Michaela Coel, based on her 2012 play "Chewing Gum Dreams". It stars Coel and Robert Lonsdale. Set in London, the show follows 24-year-old shop assistant Tracey Gordon, a restricted, religious virgin, who wants to have sex and learn more about the world. The show earned Coel the BAFTA for Best Female Performance in a Comedy Programme and Breakthrough Talent.


title: Chewing Gum (TV series)

text: The first series debuted on E4 on 13 October 2015 and on Netflix in the United States on 31 October 2016. The series was removed from Netflix in April 2020 and became available on HBO Max in February 2021.


title: Chewing Gum (TV series)

text: In August 2014, Channel 4 announced that Coel was to star in and write a new sitcom called "Chewing Gum", inspired by her play "Chewing Gum Dreams". "C4 Comedy Blaps" were released as teasers in September 2014, and the series began on E4 in October 2015. Her performance earned her the British Academy Television Award for Best Female Comedy Performance in 2016; she also won a BAFTA for Breakthrough Talent for writing the show. "Chewing Gum" received overwhelmingly positive reviews.


title: Chewing Gum (TV series)

text: Series one premiered on 6 October 2015 until 10 November 2015. On 3 December 2015, E4 ordered a second series; it began broadcasting on 12 January 2017.


title: Chewing Gum (TV series)

text: In April 2017, it was announced by Channel 4 that the show would not be returning for a third series. However, in November 2017, Coel stated via Twitter that she intended to create a third series at some point in the future. In November 2018, Coel made another statement via Twitter confirming that the show wouldn't return for a third series.


title: Chewing Gum (TV series)

text: Filming locations have included West London Film Studios and the Andover Estate in Holloway, North London.


title: Chita Rivera

text: Chita Rivera (born Dolores Conchita Figueroa del Rivero Anderson; January 23, 1933), is an American actress, singer and dancer best known for originating roles in Broadway musicals including Anita in "West Side Story", Velma Kelly in "Chicago," and the title role in "Kiss of the Spider Woman". She is a ten-time Tony Award nominee and a three-time Tony Award recipient, including one for Lifetime Achievement. She is the first Latina and the first Latino American to receive a Kennedy Center Honor and is a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom.


title: Chita Rivera

text: Rivera was born in Washington, D.C., the daughter of Katherine (Anderson), a government clerk, and Pedro Julio Figueroa del Rivero, a clarinetist and saxophonist for the United States Navy Band. Her father was Puerto Rican and her mother was of Scottish and Italian descent. Rivera is one of five children. Rivera was seven years old when her mother was widowed and went to work at The Pentagon.


title: Chita Rivera

text: In 1944, Rivera's mother enrolled her in the Jones-Haywood School of Ballet (now the Jones Haywood School of Dance). Later, when she was 15, a teacher from George Balanchine's School of American Ballet visited their studio, and Rivera was one of two students picked to audition in New York City; she was accompanied to the audition by Doris Jones, one of the people who ran the Jones-Haywood School. Rivera's audition was successful, and she was accepted into the school and given a scholarship.


title: Chita Rivera

text: In 1951, Rivera accompanied a friend to the audition for the touring company of "Call Me Madam" starring Elaine Stritch and ended up winning the role herself. She followed this by landing roles in other Broadway productions such as "Guys and Dolls", "Can-Can", "Mr. Wonderful" starring Sammy Davis, Jr., and "Seventh Heaven" and dancing on "The Maurice Chevalier Special" in 1956. In 1957, she was cast in the role which was destined to make her a Broadway star, the firebrand Anita in "West Side Story".


title: Chita Rivera

text: In 1960, Rivera was nominated for a Tony Award for creating the role of Rose in "Bye Bye Birdie" opposite Dick Van Dyke. She appeared three times on "The Ed Sullivan Show" and won raves for her performance on Broadway and in London opposite Peter Marshall, but was passed over for the film version where the role was played by Janet Leigh. In 1963, Rivera was a guest on "The Judy Garland Show" and was cast opposite Alfred Drake in "Zenda". The Broadway-bound musical closed on the road but in 1964, Rivera returned to Broadway in "Bajour" and television in "The Outer Limits""."


title: Chita Rivera

text: Among many national tours, Rivera starred most notably in "Sweet Charity" directed by Bob Fosse, playing the role of Nickie in the film adaptation of "Sweet Charity" with Shirley MacLaine (1969). Rivera appeared three times on "The Hollywood Palace", twice on "The Carol Burnett Show" (including an episode airing February 22, 1971) and between 1973 and 1974, played Connie Richardson on "The New Dick Van Dyke Show". In 1975, Rivera was nominated for a Tony Award starring as Velma Kelly opposite Gwen Verdon in the original cast of the musical "Chicago", directed by Bob Fosse. In addition to her ballet instructors, Rivera cites Leonard Bernstein and Verdon, with whom she starred in "Chicago", as influential to her success. She later made a cameo appearance in the 2002 movie version. She appeared as Fastrada in a filmed-for-television version of the musical "Pippin" in 1981, and was nominated for Tony and Drama Desk awards for "Bring Back Birdie" (1981) and a Tony Award for "Merlin" (1983) on Broadway.


title: Chita Rivera

text: In 1984, Rivera starred in the Kander and Ebb musical "The Rink" with Liza Minnelli and won her first Tony and Drama Desk awards for her role as Anna. In 1986, while earning a Tony Award nomination for her performance in the Jerry Herman musical, "Jerry's Girls", Rivera was in a severe accident when her car collided with a taxi on West 86th Street in Manhattan. Injuries sustained included the breaking of her left leg in twelve places, requiring eighteen screws and two braces to mend. After rehabilitation, Rivera continued to perform on stage. Recovered, in 1988, she toured the country in "Can-Can" and got involved in a restaurant venture in partnership with the novelist Daniel Simone. The eatery, located on 42nd Street between 9th and 10th Avenue, was named "Chita's" after her. It soon became a significant attraction for the after-theater crowds and operated until 1994.


title: Chita Rivera

text: In 1993, Rivera received Tony and Drama Desk awards for Best Leading Actress in a Musical for her dual portrayal of Aurora and Spider Woman in the musical "Kiss of the Spider Woman", written by Kander and Ebb. Rivera later participated in the London edition of Kander and Ebb's long-running revival of "Chicago", this time in the role of Roxie Hart. Rivera starred in the Goodman Theatre production of the musical "The Visit" (also by Kander and Ebb) as Claire Zachanassian in 2001. In 2002, she became a Kennedy Center Honoree. In 2003, Rivera returned to Broadway in the 2003 revival of "Nine" as Liliane La Fleur and received her eighth career Tony Award nomination (Best Featured Actress in a Musical) and fourth Drama Desk Award nomination (Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical). She appeared with Antonio Banderas. She later appeared on the revival's cast album.


title: Chita Rivera

text: She guest-starred along with Michele Lee in a February 2005 episode of "Will & Grace", and in December of that year, "", a retrospective of her career, opened on Broadway. She received another Tony nomination for her self-portrayal. Though she was expected to reprise her role in a Signature Theatre staging of "The Visit" in autumn of 2007, that was later postponed to the following season. Instead, she performed at New York's Feinstein's at the Regency supper club in New York for two weeks and, in 2008, appeared in a revised production of "The Visit" at the Signature Theatre in Arlington, Virginia, co-starring George Hearn. Rivera guest-starred on Disney Channel's "Johnny and the Sprites" as Queen of All Magical Beings. The episode debuted on March 15, 2008.


title: Chita Rivera

text: In August 2009, US President Barack Obama presented Rivera the Presidential Medal of Freedom. In the 1960s Rivera had recorded two albums, "Chita Rivera: Get Me To The Church On Time" and "And Now I Sing". These early 1960s albums were reissued on CD by Stage Door Records in February 2013. In November 2008, Rivera released her third solo album, "And Now I Swing". Rivera performed in a staged concert of "The Visit" as a benefit at the Ambassador Theatre on November 30, 2011. In 2012, Rivera played "Princess Puffer" in the Broadway revival of "The Mystery of Edwin Drood" at Studio 54. She was the Grand Marshal of the Puerto Rican Day Parade in New York City on June 9, 2013.


title: Chita Rivera

text: Rivera returned to Broadway in "The Visit", the final musical written by John Kander, Fred Ebb and Terrence McNally. The musical opened at the Lyceum Theatre on March 26, 2015, and closed on June 14, 2015. Co-starring Roger Rees, the production was directed by John Doyle and choreographed by Graciela Daniele. Rivera received praise for her performance, and was nominated for a Tony Award, Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical and a Drama Desk Award. The Astaire Awards were rebranded The Chita Rivera Awards for Dance and Choreography in 2017. In 2018, she received a Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement. In 2019, "Time Out New York" named her "one of the best Broadway divas of all time." In 2020, she was one of the two Grand Marshalls in the Rose Parade in Pasadena, California on January 1.


title: Chita Rivera

text: Rivera has been a frequent guest narrator at Disney's Candlelight Processional at Walt Disney World, most recently appearing in the 2021 and 2022 seasons.


title: Chita Rivera

text: On December 1, 1957, Rivera married fellow "West Side Story" dancer Tony Mordente. Her performance was so important for the success of the show that the London production of "West Side Story" was postponed until she gave birth to the couple's daughter Lisa in 1958. They were divorced in 1966.


title: Chita Rivera

text: Rivera has been nominated for the Tony Award ten times, as either Best Featured Actress in a Musical or Best Actress in a Musical. This is the current record for the most individual Tony Award nominations, which she shares with Julie Harris.


title: Eve of the Daleks

text: "Eve of the Daleks" is the first of the 2022 specials of the British science fiction television programme "Doctor Who", which was broadcast on BBC One on 1 January 2022. It was written by Chris Chibnall, and directed by Annetta Laufer. The episode follows the thirteenth series as a New Year’s Day special.


title: Eve of the Daleks

text: The episode stars Jodie Whittaker as the Thirteenth Doctor, alongside Mandip Gill and John Bishop as her companions Yasmin Khan and Dan Lewis, respectively.


title: Eve of the Daleks

text: Shortly before midnight on New Year's Eve, Nick turns up at a storage facility in Manchester owned and operated by Sarah, on whom he has a crush. Meanwhile, the Doctor attempts to reset the TARDIS to remove the damage and anomalies caused by the Flux. Intending to spend time at a beach, she, Yaz, and Dan exit in the storage facility instead. Unbeknownst to the Doctor, the TARDIS' reset triggers a time loop.


title: Eve of the Daleks

text: Nick encounters an Executioner Dalek which kills him, and later the Doctor, Yaz, Dan, and Sarah. Time resets, with Sarah and Nick both trying to save the other, but failing and dying upon seeing the Dalek again. The Doctor realises that each reset shortens the time loop by one minute and speculates that the loop will collapse at midnight. The Daleks reveal they have detected the TARDIS' energy signature and have come to execute the Doctor for her actions in "The Vanquishers". Both the Doctor's group and the Daleks attempt to learn from the previous loops in order to anticipate their enemy's next moves. During the loops, Nick confesses returning each year to see Sarah while Dan points out to the Doctor that Yaz has feelings for her.


title: Eve of the Daleks

text: Using illegal fireworks and other materials stored in the facility by another employee, the group decide to create a trap that will bring down the facility when fired upon. To prevent the Daleks from anticipating the move, they behave completely differently in the second-to-last loop, before dying again. At the last minute before midnight, they place the materials, along with Sarah's mobile phone, in the wrong place while escaping through the basement. Triggered by hearing Sarah's mother calling her phone, the Daleks shoot the trap and ignite the fireworks, which causes the facility to explode and bury the Daleks underneath.


title: Eve of the Daleks

text: The TARDIS finishes restructuring and the Doctor and her companions leave to find the lost treasure of the "Flor de la Mar", while Sarah and Nick decide to travel the world together.


title: Eve of the Daleks

text: "Eve of the Daleks" was written by showrunner and executive producer Chris Chibnall. The episode introduces a new version of the Daleks referred to as Executioner Daleks, and uses the format of a time loop.


title: Eve of the Daleks

text: Jodie Whittaker stars as the Thirteenth Doctor, alongside Mandip Gill as Yasmin Khan and John Bishop as Dan Lewis. The episode features guest stars Aisling Bea and Adjani Salmon, and also features Pauline McLynn. Jonny Dixon, who last appeared in "The Woman Who Fell to Earth" (2018), returned to portray Karl.


title: Eve of the Daleks

text: The episode was directed by Annetta Laufer. The first two 2022 specials were filmed in the same production run as the thirteenth series. Filming for those specials concluded in August 2021.


title: Eve of the Daleks

text: The episode was watched by 3.21 million viewers overnight, becoming the sixth most-watched programme of the day. The episode received an Audience Appreciation Index score of 77. Within seven days the total number of viewers rose to 4.39 million, ranking as the 25th most viewed programme for the week.


title: Eve of the Daleks

text: On Metacritic, a review aggregator website, the episode received "generally favorable reviews" based on an average score of 76 out of 100 from 6 reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, another aggregator, 82% of 11 critics gave the episode a positive review, with an average rating of 7.20 out of 10. The site's consensus reads ""Doctor Who" scales back and is all the better for it with a New Year's special that finds fresh notes within a self-contained yarn."


title: Eve of the Daleks

text: "Eve of the Daleks" and "Legend of the Sea Devils" received a joint DVD and Blu-ray release in Region 2/B on 23 May 2022, in Region 1/A on 28 June 2022, and in Region 4/B on 13 July 2022. The episode was included in the home media set for the 2022 specials, to be released in Region 2/B on 7 November 2022.


title: Eve of the Daleks

text: On 18 November 2022, composer Segun Akinola announced that selected pieces of the score from this special would be digitally released on 2 December 2022. A physical CD release containing all 3 soundtracks of the 2022 specials is also set for release on 13 January 2023.


title: Alex Oliveira

text: Alex de Oliveira (born February 21, 1988) is a Brazilian professional mixed martial artist who competed in the Welterweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).


title: Alex Oliveira

text: Born and raised in Três Rios, Rio de Janeiro, Oliveira worked for a time as a construction worker and bull rider before he starting training in martial arts. Oliveira had three brothers – of whom two deceased due to violent crime – and four sisters. He also trained in Muay Thai for a couple of years before switching to mixed martial arts at the age of 22.


title: Alex Oliveira

text: Fighting out of Três Rios, he made his professional debut competing in the welterweight division in December 2011. He compiled a record of 11–2–1 (1), including a two-fight stint for Bitetti Combat while competing exclusively for regional promotions in his native Brazil. After taking a unanimous decision victory over Joilton Santos, Oliveira signed with the UFC in early 2015.


title: Alex Oliveira

text: Oliveira made his promotional debut as a short notice replacement against Gilbert Burns on March 21, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 62, filling in for an injured Josh Thomson. After arguably winning each of the first two rounds, Oliveira eventually lost via submission in the third round.


title: Alex Oliveira

text: For his second fight in the UFC, Oliveira was again tabbed as short notice replacement and faced K. J. Noons on May 30, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 67, filling in for Yan Cabral. Oliveira won the fight via submission in the first round.


title: Alex Oliveira

text: Competing in his third UFC fight in just over three months, Oliveira faced promotional newcomer Joe Merritt on June 27, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 70. Oliveira won the fight by unanimous decision.


title: Alex Oliveira

text: Oliveira faced Piotr Hallmann in a lightweight bout on November 7, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 77. He won the fight by knockout in the third round. The win also earned Oliveira his first "Performance of the Night" bonus award.


title: Alex Oliveira

text: Oliveira fought Donald Cerrone on February 21, 2016 at , filling in for Tim Means. Oliveira lost the fight via submission in the first round.


title: Alex Oliveira

text: Oliveira faced James Moontasri on July 23, 2016 at UFC on Fox 20. He won the one-sided fight via unanimous decision.


title: Alex Oliveira

text: Oliveira next faced Will Brooks in a lightweight bout on October 1, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 96. The bout took place at a catchweight of 161.5 lbs, as Oliveira missed weight. Oliveira won the fight via KO in the third round.


title: Alex Oliveira

text: Oliveira faced Tim Means on December 30, 2016 at UFC 207. The bout was halted in the first round after Means landed several knees to the head of Oliveira while he was considered a grounded opponent. As a result, Oliveira was unable to continue after the foul occurred. Subsequently, referee Dan Miragliotta judged that the foul was accidental, and in turn, the result was scored a No Contest.


title: Alex Oliveira

text: A rematch with Means eventually took place on March 11, 2017 at UFC Fight Night 106. Oliveira won the bout via submission in the second round.


title: Alex Oliveira

text: Oliveira faced Ryan LaFlare on July 22, 2017 at UFC on Fox 25. He won the fight via knockout in the second round, after landing a well timed right uppercut. He was awarded his second "Performance of the Night" bonus award.


title: Alex Oliveira

text: Oliveira faced Yancy Medeiros on December 2, 2017 at UFC 218. He lost the back-and-forth fight via TKO in the third round. Despite the loss, Oliveira earned his first Fight of the Night bonus award for the fight.


title: Alex Oliveira

text: Oliveira defeated Carlos Condit on April 14, 2018 at UFC on Fox 29, after replacing injured Matt Brown. He won the fight via a guillotine choke. This fight earned him the Performance of the Night bonus award.


title: Alex Oliveira

text: Oliveira was expected to face Neil Magny on September 22, 2018 at UFC Fight Night 137. However Magny was removed from the pairing on August 22 in favor of a matchup with Santiago Ponzinibbio in November at UFC Fight Night 140, he was replaced by Carlo Pedersoli Jr. Oliveira won the fight via knockout just 39 seconds into the first round.


title: Alex Oliveira

text: Oliveira faced Gunnar Nelson on December 8, 2018 at UFC 231. He lost the fight via a rear-naked choke in round two.


title: Alex Oliveira

text: Oliveira was expected to face Li Jingliang on April 27, 2019 at . However, it was reported on March 23, 2019 that Li was injured and was forced to pull from the bout. He was replaced by Mike Perry. Oliveira lost the back-and-forth fight by unanimous decision. The bout also earned Oliveira his second "Fight of the Night" bonus award.


title: Alex Oliveira

text: Oliveira faced returning veteran Nicolas Dalby on September 28, 2019 at UFC Fight Night 160. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. Subsequently the decision was appealed on grounds of erroneous action by the referee.


title: Alex Oliveira

text: Oliveira was expected to face Mickey Gall on February 29, 2020 at UFC Fight Night 169. However, on December 27, 2019 the bout was pulled from the event by UFC. The bout will not be replaced and no reason was given from UFC. Oliveira was quickly rescheduled and instead faced Max Griffin the following week at UFC 248. He won the back-and-forth fight via split decision.


title: Alex Oliveira

text: Oliveira faced Shavkat Rakhmonov, replacing injured Elizeu Zaleski dos Santos on October 24, 2020 at UFC 254. At the weigh-ins, Oliveira weighed in at 173 pounds, two pounds over the welterweight non-title fight limit. The bout proceeded at catchweight and he was 20% his purse, which went to his opponent Rakhmonov. Oliveira lost the fight via a guillotine choke submission in the first round.


title: Alex Oliveira

text: Oliveira was expected to face Randy Brown on February 27, 2021 at UFC Fight Night 186. However, Brown pulled out of the fight during the week leading up to the event due to undisclosed reasons, and he was replaced by promotional newcomer Ramazan Kuramagomedov. However, the bout was scrapped the day before the event when Kuramagomedov was removed due to illness. The bout between Oliveira and Brown was rescheduled and eventually took place at UFC 261 on April 24, 2021. Oliveira lost the fight via a one-armed rear naked choke in the first round.


title: Alex Oliveira

text: Oliveira faced Niko Price on October 2, 2021 at UFC Fight Night 193. He lost the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Alex Oliveira

text: Oliveira faced Kevin Holland at UFC 272 on March 5, 2022. He lost the fight via technical knockout in round two.


title: Alex Oliveira

text: In April 2022, it was announced that Oliveira was a free agent when his UFC contract and the UFC opted to not re-sign him.


title: Alex Oliveira

text: Oliveira made his first appearance post-UFC against Michel Silva at BF Mr. Cage Fight Music Show on June 10, 2022. He lost the bout after getting choked unconscious in the second round via anaconda choke.


title: Alex Oliveira

text: On Christmas Eve in 2018, while getting gasoline for his mother’s car in Tres Rios, Brazil, a grenade was thrown toward his direction after he noticed several family members in an altercation with heavily armed thugs. Oliveira subsequently underwent surgery to remove fragments of the grenade from his leg.


title: Alex Oliveira

text: According to reports, seemingly intoxicated Oliveira got into an altercation with a security guard during a party on May 24, 2019. The next morning, Oliveira showed up at his wife's apartment where he allegedly assaulted her, fleeing the scene on a motorcycle with their baby daughter. The child was found on May 26 at one of Oliveira's sister's apartments, and Oliveira had generally been understood to be reported missing until his early March 2020 arrival in Las Vegas for the UFC 248 fight card which he competed on. In an interview Oliveira denied punching his wife but did not comment on other indictments. Oliveira also said they were only having an argument and that they haven't separated: on the contrary, his wife is pregnant again.


title: Ben Richardson

text: Benjamin T. Richardson, (born 21 September 1975) is an English cinematographer and television producer. He is best known for his work on the films "Beasts of the Southern Wild" (2012), "The Fault in Our Stars" (2014), "Wind River" (2017), and "Those Who Wish Me Dead" (2021), as well as the limited series "Mare of Easttown" (2021), which earned him a Primetime Emmy Award nomination.


title: Ben Richardson

text: Richardson was born in England and attended Bournemouth school succeeded by Royal Holloway, University of London's media arts degree programme.


title: Ben Richardson

text: Richardson is a director of photography. Three of his films, "Beasts of the Southern Wild", "Happy Christmas", and "Wind River" have premiered at the Sundance Film Festival. Beasts of the Southern Wild was also nominated for four Academy Awards at the 85th Academy Awards, including a nomination for Best Picture. His short film "Seed" won Best Animated Short at the 2010 Slamdance Film Festival.


title: Ben Richardson

text: Richardson met director Benh Zeitlin in Prague in 2004 and subsequently collaborated on the short film "Glory at Sea" in 2008. During pre-production on "Beasts of the Southern Wild", Richardson shot a test reel which convinced the financiers to approve him as cinematographer for the film.


title: Ben Richardson

text: "Beasts of the Southern Wild" debuted at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival where Richardson won the Excellence in Cinematography Award. For his work on the film he also won the Independent Spirit Award for Best Cinematography, and was nominated for multiple awards including a Camerimage award and a Satellite Award.


title: Ben Richardson

text: Beginning in 2014, Richardson was in a relationship with actress Anna Kendrick. They have since broken up.


title: Champion (sportswear)

text: Champion (also stylized as Champion U.S.A.) is a brand of clothing, specializing in sportswear owned and marketed by American apparel company Hanesbrands (based in Winston-Salem, North Carolina), which was spun off by the Sara Lee Corporation in 2006. The company was originally based in Rochester, New York, prior to its acquisition by Sara Lee in 1989. Champion is Hanes' second-largest brand.


title: Champion (sportswear)

text: Products manufactured and commercialised by Champion include casual wear clothing (t-shirts, hoodies, sweatpants, leggings, shorts, jackets, undergarment), footwear (sandals, sneakers, socks), and accessories (bags, hats, collectibles).


title: Champion (sportswear)

text: The company was established in 1919 by the Feinbloom Brothers as "Knickerbocker Knitting Company." The company soon signed an agreement with the Michigan Wolverines to produce uniforms for their teams. In the 1930s the company was renamed "Champion Knitting Mills Inc.", producing sweatshirts and hoodies. Soon after, Champion products was adopted by the US Military Academy to be used during training exercises and physical education classes.


title: Champion (sportswear)

text: Champion was acquired by Sara Lee Corporation in 1989. Champion produced uniforms for all the NBA teams during the 1990s and some NFL teams during the 1970s to the 1990s, for both on-field and retail purposes. It has also produced sportswear for many major colleges. Champion was also the kit manufacturer of the Olympic basketball team that competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics.


title: Champion (sportswear)

text: From 2008, Champion produced kits for Premier League side, Wigan Athletic, the Wales national football team and the jersey of the Greek basketball team, also Pallacanestro Cantù, in Italy.


title: Champion (sportswear)

text: Champion supplied the football uniforms for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish. In 2001 Notre Dame signed a five-year exclusive agreement with Adidas, which ended a partnership Champion had with the university that spanned over 50 years.


title: Champion (sportswear)

text: In the past, Champion manufactured uniforms mostly for basketball and American football teams, most notable its long-time partnership with the National Basketball Association (NBA) that extended until 2004, when Reebok took over. Champion also sponsored International association FIBA until 2017.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: The Legion of Boom (LOB) was the Seattle Seahawks secondary in the early 2010s. The original group that was nicknamed the Legion of Boom consisted of the main starters in the Seahawks defensive backfield (the cornerback and safety positions): Richard Sherman, Earl Thomas, Kam Chancellor, Brandon Browner, Walter Thurmond and Byron Maxwell. Over time, the nickname grew to encompass the Seahawks defense as a whole, including prominent players such as Bobby Wagner, K. J. Wright, Michael Bennett, Cliff Avril, Malcolm Smith, Brandon Mebane, Frank Clark, Chris Clemons and Bruce Irvin. Other eventual starting members of the secondary included Jeremy Lane, DeShawn Shead, Tharold Simon, Marcus Burley, Bradley McDougald, Shaquill Griffin and Justin Coleman.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: During the Legion of Boom era, the Seahawks amassed six consecutive winning seasons, three division titles, two NFC championships, and a Super Bowl victory. They made the playoffs in five consecutive seasons (winning at least one game each appearance) and finished with five consecutive 10+ win seasons, a feat the franchise had never achieved in a consecutive season prior. They also appeared in back-to-back Super Bowls, winning once to secure the franchise's first ever championship.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: During the 2012 to 2015 seasons, the Seahawks led the league in scoring defense, allowing the fewest points scored each year for four years straight. The only other team to accomplish this feat were the Cleveland Browns of the 1950s. The 2013 defense led the league in points allowed (231), yards allowed (4,378), and takeaways (39), the first team to lead all three categories since the 1985 Chicago Bears. The 2013 unit is widely regarded as one of the best single-season defenses of all time.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: Pete Carroll, with the help of defensive coordinators Gus Bradley and Dan Quinn and defensive backs coach Kris Richard, popularized the trend of Cover 1 and Cover 3 defensive schemes during the LOB era. The defensive schemes they ran were fairly simple, and relied on the athleticism and talent of the members of the secondary. During pregame warmups the players would often chant "Who's got your back? I got your back!" and "We all we got, we all we need!" The team's dominant, physical defensive play and blowout victories, particularly during the 2012 and 2013 seasons, made the defense feared amongst the league.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: Some point out that the Legion of Boom forced the NFL to change certain defensive rules and that it changed what other teams look for when scouting talent at defensive back positions. The hard hitting, ruthless, tackling skills of strong safety Kam Chancellor and the sideline-to-sideline, quick and maneuverable nature of free safety Earl Thomas made them one of the most memorable safety duos in NFL history. Richard Sherman was largely known for his loud trash talking and his highly intelligent ability to read offenses and force interceptions. Toward the latter part of Sherman's tenure with the franchise, many teams would avoid throwing to his side of the field entirely, in fear that Sherman may cause an interception. Byron Maxwell had the ability to punch out footballs and force fumbles in a manner similar to cornerback Charles Tillman's signature “Peanut Punch”.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: Before the 2011 season, the Seahawks drafted cornerback Richard Sherman in the 5th round and cornerback Byron Maxwell in the 6th round of the 2011 NFL Draft and signed cornerback Brandon Browner as a free agent from the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL), adding to 2010 draftees free safety Earl Thomas and strong safety Kam Chancellor. They first met during the 2011 NFL lockout at a charity basketball game put on by Jamal Crawford, and played good team defense together from the start. After an injury to Marcus Trufant and Walter Thurmond, Sherman earned his first career start on October 30, 2011, against the Cincinnati Bengals, marking the first time the four original members started a game together. The group's dominating play over the rest of the 2011 season would inspire the nickname. Browner, Thomas and Chancellor would all go on to make the Pro Bowl that year.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: On August 2, 2012, safety Kam Chancellor was a guest on 710 ESPN Seattle's Bob and Groz show and asked fans to suggest a nickname for the Seattle Seahawks' secondary. The name "Legion of Boom" was suggested to the show by fans on Twitter and noting the way the secondary "brings the boom". It is also a play on the Legion of Doom supervillain group from DC Comics. Shortly thereafter, Google searches for the term skyrocketed. The term became commonly used in the media by the start of the 2012 season by sources like NFL.com and ESPN commentator Jon Gruden. Nike offered "Legion of Boom" branded apparel as the group grew in popularity. An ESPN feature found the "Legion of Boom" comparable to nicknamed great defenses such as the Purple People Eaters, Monsters of the Midway, Big Blue Wrecking Crew, Steel Curtain and the Doomsday Defense.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: The unit's aggressive nature was notable in an era where the NFL had placed particular emphasis on player safety. Kris Richard, who served as defensive backs coach from 2012 to 2017 and as defensive coordinator from 2015 to 2017, helped build the Legion of Boom into a unit that hit hard while staying within the rules. During practice, the receivers run routes with shields strapped to their chests that ran from neck to mid-thigh, and Richard taught the defensive backs to keep their hits within that area in order to limit penalties for blows to the head. "Bleacher Report" described the Legion of Boom as a monument both to Richard and head coach Pete Carroll, who was a safety himself in his playing days and a defensive backs coach in his early coaching career. Carroll also studied taller cornerback tandems like Mike Haynes and Lester Hayes when assembling the core of defensive backs.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: Following the 2017 NFL season, the release of Richard Sherman and the career-ending injury of Kam Chancellor changed the Seahawks defense. Over seven seasons, the Legion of Boom's core had consisted of Sherman, Thomas and Chancellor, with the comings and goings of the cornerback opposite Sherman. At the start of the 2018 NFL season, only Thomas remained, but in a Week 4 win over the Arizona Cardinals, he suffered a season-ending broken leg (his second in three seasons), and would eventually sign with the Baltimore Ravens on March 13, 2019, ending the LOB era in Seattle.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: The Legion of Boom's crowning achievement was their team's 43–8 win in Super Bowl XLVIII, a blowout victory over the 2013 Denver Broncos, who were considered the best single season passing offense of all time and one of the best offenses in league history. The Seahawks became the fastest team to score in a Super Bowl when they had a safety 12 seconds into the game. They also became the first team to ever score with a safety, interception return for a touchdown and kickoff return for a touchdown in a Super Bowl. They led the game for 59 minutes, 48 seconds, which is the longest lead in Super Bowl history. It was the 3rd largest point difference in a Super Bowl (35 points) which was just one point less than the lead the Chicago Bears finished with in Super Bowl XX.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: The season following the Seahawks' first Super Bowl victory, they made it back to Super Bowl XLIX but lost to the New England Patriots by four points when Patriots' rookie cornerback Malcolm Butler intercepted the ball with the Seahawks one yard from scoring the go-ahead touchdown and only 20 seconds remaining in the game. Former LOB starter Brandon Browner was playing for the opposing New England Patriots, and was instrumental in jamming up the play and forcing the interception. Sherman, Thomas and Chancellor were all plagued by injuries before and during the game.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: The 2017 backups and starters included the Seahawks 3rd round pick out of UCF Shaquill Griffin, Justin Coleman whom the Seahawks acquired over a trade with the New England Patriots, returning veteran Byron Maxwell and Bradley McDougald who was signed from free agency after leaving the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Griffin and McDougald would prove to be very important players for the Seahawks defense who were without Richard Sherman and Kam Chancellor.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: Griffin, Coleman and McDougald all became starters for the 2018 Seattle Seahawks season with the loss of Sherman and Chancellor. Rookie cornerback Tre Flowers and safety Tedric Thompson also were brought in to fill in for former LOB players.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: In 2019 (the first season without any original LOB members) the starters included Shaquill Griffin, Bradley McDougald, Tre Flowers, Quandre Diggs, Tedric Thompson as well as rookies Marquise Blair and Ugo Amadi. Griffin would go on to make the Pro Bowl.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: In 2020 the Seahawks traded for safety Jamal Adams. Adams and Diggs would make the Pro Bowl that season, the first safety tandem to make the Pro Bowl together since Thomas and Chancellor in 2015. Adams would also set the NFL record for most sacks by a defensive back in a single season with 9.5, he was also named second team All-Pro. Other new 2020 players included cornerbacks D. J. Reed and Quinton Dunbar and safety Ryan Neal.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: The other defensive backs on the Seahawks roster are also considered members of the Legion of Boom. Particularly following the suspensions of Brandon Browner in 2012 (four games) and 2013 (suspended indefinitely, but reinstated March 4, 2014), as well of that of Sherman (which he successfully appealed in December 2012), the term "Legion of Boom" has encompassed more than just the four original starters. At the Super Bowl parade in Seattle, Sherman called the Legion of Boom "more than the secondary, it's the linebackers, the defensive line, the entire defense."


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: The 2013 backups during their Super Bowl XLVIII-winning year were: Byron Maxwell (replacing injured starter Brandon Browner), Jeremy Lane, Walter Thurmond, Jeron Johnson and DeShawn Shead.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: The 2014 backups during their subsequent Super Bowl XLIX year were: Jeremy Lane, Jeron Johnson, Tharold Simon, Marcus Burley, Steven Terrell and DeShawn Shead. After the 2014 season, Richard Sherman expressed his approval of two new Legion of Boom members: rookie Tye Smith, and veteran Cary Williams (who was subsequently released by the Seahawks after starting 10 games in the 2015 season).


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: Backups during the 2015 season were: DeShawn Shead, Jeremy Lane, Marcus Burley, Steven Terrell and Kelcie McCray. DeShawn Shead emerged as the starter at right cornerback.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: The 2016 backups were: veterans Kelcie McCray and Steven Terrell, newcomers Dewey McDonald and Neiko Thorpe, and rookies DeAndre Elliott and Tyvis Powell. Terrell advanced to full-time starter at free safety after Earl Thomas suffered a broken leg during a game.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: The 2010 season saw the emergence of rookie safety tandem Earl Thomas and Kam Chancellor who were drafted in the first and fifth rounds respectively. Thomas would lead the team in interceptions with five. The Seahawks would win their division at 7-9 and host the defending Super Bowl champion New Orleans Saints. The game went on to be remembered as the Beast Quake game in NFL lore as the Seahawks upset the Saints 41–36. The following week they would go on to lose on the road to the Chicago Bears.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: Following the 2011 season, Thomas, Chancellor, and Browner were named to the 2012 Pro Bowl. Thomas also earned AP All-Pro honors. Browner tied for fourth in the NFL with six interceptions. In every year thereafter, at least three members of the "Legion of Boom" have been named either AP All-Pro or voted to the Pro Bowl.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: After the 2012 season, both Sherman and Thomas were named AP All-Pro. Sherman finished second in the league with eight interceptions. Despite this, he was snubbed from the Pro Bowl. Additionally, the team defense finished first in points allowed, and second in passing touchdowns allowed. The team would also go undefeated at home for the third time in franchise history. The team would make the playoffs with an 11–5 record and go on to beat the Washington Redskins on the road in the Wild Card round but would come up short the following week against the Atlanta Falcons in the Divisional round.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: The Legion of Boom had a banner year in 2013. In the regular season, they allowed the fewest passing yards and passing touchdowns in the league while anchoring the league's best passing defense as well as overall defense. Sherman had eight interceptions for the second straight season, but this time it was good enough to lead the league in interceptions. Seattle finished the season with the most interceptions in the NFL. Sherman and Thomas were named first-team AP All-Pro, while Chancellor was named to the second team. Sherman, Chancellor, and Thomas were also named to the 2014 Pro Bowl, but did not play due to the Seahawks playing in Super Bowl XLVIII. In their rout of the Denver Broncos, they held Peyton Manning and the record-breaking Broncos offense to just eight points, intercepted Manning twice (including one by linebacker Malcolm Smith that was returned 69 yards for a touchdown), forcing two fumbles, and playing a major part in securing the first Super Bowl championship in franchise history.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: In a Week 10 revenge game against the Atlanta Falcons, Seattle allowed 10 points and 226 yards in a 33–10 win. Thurmond would force and recover a fumble in the win.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: Week 11 brought the Minnesota Vikings to Seattle, who managed 336 yards and 20 points, but committed 4 turnovers. Thurmond returned an interception 29 yards for a touchdown in the 41–20 win.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: In Week 13, in a Monday Night Football game against the New Orleans Saints, the Seahawks faced off against the eventual #2 ranked passing attack in the league. They held the Saints to 188 yards in a 34–7 blowout.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: In Week 15, the Seahawks shut the New York Giants out, winning 23–0. It was one of the best games of the season for the Legion of Boom, holding the Giants to just 181 yards of offense and intercepting Eli Manning 5 times. Byron Maxwell had two interceptions, as did Richard Sherman. Sherman also tipped a pass to Earl Thomas for an interception and recovered a fumble.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: The next week, Seattle kept the Arizona Cardinals to 168 total yards and 17 points, and intercepted Carson Palmer 4 times (including two by Sherman). However, the Seahawks would fall 17–10, a late 31–yard touchdown pass from Palmer to Michael Floyd being the difference.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: They would close the regular season strong, beating the St. Louis Rams 27–9 and allowing 158 total yards. Byron Maxwell would add an interception and the Rams would not score a touchdown until 4:18 remained in the game, with the game already decided.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: In the divisional round, a rematch with the New Orleans Saints, the Saints did not score until early in the 4th quarter, although a late flurry got them 15 points and 409 offensive yards. Of note was the Seahawks holding tight end Jimmy Graham to a single catch for 8 yards. The Seahawks would win 23–15 off a botched lateral pass by Saints wide receiver Marques Colston on the game's final play.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: For the third time that season, the Seahawks played the San Francisco 49ers. The Niners scored 17 points and gained 308 total yards, but Seattle survived 23–17 after forcing turnovers on all three of the 49ers' fourth-quarter possessions. Kam Chancellor picked off a pass to set up a field goal, and Richard Sherman tipped a pass to Malcolm Smith to clinch the game with less than 30 seconds left. This play and the immediate aftermath became infamous, for a brief shoving match between Sherman and 49ers wide receiver Michael Crabtree, Sherman's choke sign at QB Colin Kaepernick that he was later fined for, and his post-game rant in an interview with Erin Andrews.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: The Seahawks saved their best for last with their performance in Super Bowl XLVIII, holding the Denver Broncos record-breaking offense to 306 yards and 8 points, forcing 4 turnovers and not allowing a score until the final play of the 3rd quarter. Kam Chancellor and Malcolm Smith each had an interception (Smith returned his 69 yards for a second-quarter touchdown), and Byron Maxwell forced a fumble.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: The 2013 Seahawks allowed just one 300-yard passer, Matt Schaub in Week 5, and a second in the divisional round against Drew Brees. Eleven times in the regular season they held an opposing quarterback to less than 200 yards passing, then did it once more in the NFC Championship game. The team's 28 interceptions were most in the league, and 16 passing touchdowns allowed the second fewest.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: On June 6, 2014, Richard Sherman won the "Madden NFL 15" cover vote against Carolina Panthers quarterback Cam Newton. The rest of the LOB was featured on the games start menu.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: During the 2014 season, the Legion of Boom helped their team reach their second straight Super Bowl, which ended in a loss to the New England Patriots, 28–24. Thomas, Chancellor, and Sherman were selected to the 2015 Pro Bowl, marking the second year in a row in which all three were named to the Pro Bowl together. Thomas and Sherman were again named first-team All-Pro while Chancellor was named to the second-team.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: The Seahawks again allowed the fewest points in the NFL, the first NFL defense to accomplish this three seasons in a row since the 1969–1971 Minnesota Vikings. They also allowed the fewest yards, becoming the first defense since the 1985–1986 Chicago Bears to allow the fewest points and yards two seasons in a row. They allowed the fewest passing yards and passing touchdowns, though they ranked 20th in interceptions.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: In Week 1, the Green Bay Packers scored 16 points and gained 255 yards in a 36–16 victory by the Seahawks. Byron Maxwell, now the full-time starter at left corner after Brandon Browner's departure, intercepted a pass by Aaron Rodgers in the game.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: In Week 3, a rematch against the Denver Broncos, Seattle allowed 332 yards and 20 points, eventually winning 26–20 in overtime. Kam Chancellor forced a fumble and intercepted a pass by Peyton Manning.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: In Week 8, another trip to play the Carolina Panthers saw the Seattle defense allow 9 points and 266 yards, just enough for the 13–9 win. Marcus Burley, a 5th corner forced into action due to injuries, was the key member of the Legion on the day with an interception off Cam Newton that he returned 24 yards.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: In Week 9, the visiting Oakland Raiders scored 17 points on offense with 226 yards of total offense. Sherman intercepted his first pass of the season off rookie quarterback Derek Carr and also forced a fumble.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: In Week 12, with the season on the line, the Seahawks beat the Arizona Cardinals 19–3. Allowing 3 points and 204 yards, the game featured a Byron Maxwell interception and Jeremy Lane forced fumble. This game began a six-game hot-streak for the Seahawks, particularly on defense, which would give up an average of 6.5 points for the remainder of the year and allow fewer than 250 total yards in all six games.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: In Week 13, they allowed 3 points and 164 total yards in another 19–3 victory, this one against the San Francisco 49ers on Thanksgiving night. Sherman had two interceptions off Colin Kaepernick in the game.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: In Week 14, against a Philadelphia Eagles offense that would eventually rank third in the league in points and fifth in yards, the Seahawks gave up 139 yards and 14 points. Tharold Simon picked off his first pass of the season and Earl Thomas recovered a fumble. The Seahawks won, 24–14.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: In another tilt against the 49ers in Week 15, San Francisco had 245 yards and 7 points in the 17–7 loss.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: In a game that would likely decide the NFC West division, the Seahawks traveled to play the Arizona Cardinals. The Seahawks won 35–6, holding Arizona to 216 yards and the 6 points. Sherman had the only turnover of the game, intercepting a pass by Ryan Lindley and returning it 53 yards.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: To close out their run, the Seahawks beat the St. Louis Rams 20–6, giving up 245 yards. The game was sealed on an Earl Thomas forced fumble at the goal line.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: Seattle surrendered 362 yards in the divisional-round game against the Carolina Panthers, as well as 17 points. Kam Chancellor sealed the game with an interception off Cam Newton that he took 90 yards for a touchdown. He also twice leaped over the center on field-goal tries in attempts to block the kick, although he missed the ball both times and both plays were whistled dead by a penalty. Richard Sherman recorded an interception as well, and Earl Thomas forced a fumble. Seattle won, 31–17.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: In an improbable "miracle" comeback against the Green Bay Packers in the NFC Championship game, the Seahawks scored 15 points in the final 2:09 of regulation and winning on a 35-yard touchdown reception by Jermaine Kearse in overtime. The Seahawks defense held eventual 2014 NFL MVP Aaron Rodgers to just 178 yards passing and one touchdown pass with two interceptions (which went to Sherman and Maxwell). The Seahawks offense and special teams turned the ball over five times in the game, but the defense forced overtime, and the 28–22 victory sent the Seahawks to a second straight Super Bowl.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: The 2014 Seahawks defense did not allow a single 300-yard passer in any game, regular season or postseason, heading into the Super Bowl. Ten times they held the opposing quarterback to under 200 yards passing, doing it an 11th time against Rodgers in the NFC Championship game.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: The Legion of Boom returned to defend their title in Super Bowl XLIX, they recorded two interceptions facing Patriots quarterback Tom Brady, by cornerback Jeremy Lane and linebacker Bobby Wagner. However, as Lane was attempting to return the ball downfield, he was tackled awkwardly while attempting to brace himself for impact with the ground, severely fracturing his wrist and forearm, while simultaneously damaging the ACL in his knee. Unfortunately, backup nickelback Marcus Burley had been listed as inactive, so Lane was replaced by backup outside cornerback Tharold Simon for the remainder of the game. Simon, seemingly overmatched, was outplayed by slot receiver Julian Edelman and repeatedly targeted by Tom Brady, fostering an unlikely Patriots' 4th-quarter comeback. Lane later said he immediately was sent to surgery to fix his injury, and when he woke up he saw the Seahawks with the ball on the one yard line and witnessed the interception that followed. Defensive end Cliff Avril was also injured during the game, he left during the 3rd quarter due to a concussion and did not return. Despite having a torn ligament in his elbow sustained during the NFC Championship Game, Richard Sherman played the entire game, as did Earl Thomas, even though he dislocated his shoulder during the game. In addition, Kam Chancellor suffered a bruised knee during pre-game practice, but also played. Some point to all these injuries as the cause of the 28 points that the Seahawks allowed to the Patriots, which was unusual for a defense that only allowed an average of 15.9 points during the regular season (first in the NFL). The main focus following the game, however, was the coaching staff's decision to throw the ball on the one yard line instead of allowing Marshawn Lynch to run the ball. Lynch led the league (tied with DeMarco Murray) in running touchdowns that season and was fourth in total rushing yardage.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: Their defeat in Super Bowl XLIX was the first time all season that the Legion of Boom allowed a 300-yard passer. It was only the second time in the 2014 season that they allowed more than two passing touchdowns in one game, and the only time they allowed four passing touchdowns. The Legion of Boom has given up 300 or more passing yards in only six games since their inception with Richard Sherman's first start in 2011; of those six, two are their games against the New England Patriots. The LOB went 2–1 in their meeting with the Patriots with their only loss against them coming in the Super Bowl (wins in 2012 and 2016).


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: The Legion of Boom had a rocky start to the 2015 season, both on and off the field. Kam Chancellor did not attend training camp and missed the entire preseason, holding out in an effort to get the team to renegotiate his contract, which had three seasons remaining. The holdout continued into the regular season, with Chancellor not being a part of the team for the first two games. The Seahawks would lose both games, the defense allowing 27 points in both games. Dion Bailey, replacing Chancellor at Strong Safety in Week 1, fell down in coverage and allowed the game-tying touchdown with less than a minute left in the fourth quarter.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: Chancellor would bring the Legion back together in Week 3 by ending his holdout without any contract concessions from the team. In that Week 3 game, the Seahawks surrendered 0 points and 146 total offensive yards.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: The next week, the Seahawks defense allowed 3 points and 256 yards against the Lions. With less than two minutes remaining in the game and the Seahawks leading 13–10, Lions Wide Receiver Calvin Johnson caught a pass and was preparing to leap into the endzone for the go-ahead touchdown, but Kam Chancellor punched the ball out at the one-yard line, the forced fumble ultimately preserving the win. The play garnered more attention for what happened after the fumble, with K. J. Wright illegally batting the ball out of the back of the endzone for a touchback, which should have been a penalty that would have kept the ball in the possession of the Lions.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: Against the Cincinnati Bengals in Week 5, the LOB recorded an interception from Andy Dalton, the first interception by the Seahawks in the 2015 season. In Week 6 against the Carolina Panthers, both Earl Thomas and Kam Chancellor recorded interceptions. Both games, however, would end in close losses for the Seahawks.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: In Week 7, playing the San Francisco 49ers on the road, the Seahawks defense allowed just 142 offensive yards (the 49ers lowest output in a game since 2006) in a 20–3 victory. The following week, the Seahawks held the Dallas Cowboys to 220 total yards and 12 points on four field goals in a 13–12 victory.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: Despite allowing a then-team record 456 passing yards to Pittsburgh Steelers' quarterback Ben Roethlisberger (since broken by Matt Schaub's 460 yards passing in 2019), the Legion of Boom recorded 4 interceptions (their most since Super Bowl XLVIII) in a crucial Week 12 game in Seattle (2 off of Roethlisberger, 2 off of backup Landry Jones). In addition, they held star wide receiver Antonio Brown to just 6 catches for 51 yards. The turnovers, especially the two by Sherman, would help lead Seattle to a 39–30 win. In Week 17, to close out another dominant year, the Legion of Boom dismantled the high-powered Arizona Cardinals offense in a 36–6 win. They held Arizona to only 236 yards and recorded 3 interceptions. It was the only time all year that the Cardinals would score fewer than 20 points and gain fewer than 350 yards at home.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: Although they were not quite as dominant defensively as they were the last 3 years, 2015 marked the fourth straight season that the Seahawks led the NFL in points allowed, averaging 17.3 points per game. The Legion of Boom also held opponents to the second-fewest passing yards and the fewest passing touchdowns of any defensive secondary in the NFL. According to Football Outsiders' proprietary DVOA metric, Seattle's defense was ranked third against the pass and fourth overall, their lowest rankings in those respective categories since 2011.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: Several key Seahawks defensive coaches in the Carroll/Legion of Boom era have gone on to jobs elsewhere in the league. Defensive coordinator Gus Bradley became the head coach of the Jacksonville Jaguars between 2013 and 2016, was the defensive coordinator of the Los Angeles Chargers between 2017-2020, was the defensive coordinator of the Las Vegas Raiders in 2021 and is currently the defensive coordinator of the Indianapolis Colts. His successor Dan Quinn was the head coach of the Atlanta Falcons from 2015 to 2020 and took his team to Super Bowl LI and is currently the defensive coordinator for the Dallas Cowboys. Kris Richard was fired on January 10, 2018, after five seasons as a defensive back coach and three as defensive coordinator, and was hired by the Dallas Cowboys to fill in as their defensive backs coach and defensive play caller. Richard is currently the New Orleans Saints co-defensive coordinator.


title: Legion of Boom (Seattle Seahawks)

text: Linebackers coach Ken Norton Jr. was hired as the defensive coordinator of the Oakland Raiders and then returned to the Seahawks as their defensive coordinator in 2018 before being fired following the 2021 season. Defensive backs coach Jerry Gray, who coached the unit in 2010, became the defensive coordinator of the Tennessee Titans the following year and is the current Green Bay Packers passing game coordinator. Defensive line coach Todd Wash was the defensive coordinator of the Jacksonville Jaguars and helped lead his team to the 2017 AFC Championship Game primarily due to their stout Sacksonville defensive unit. Quality control coach Robert Saleh is the former defensive coordinator of the San Francisco 49ers, he helped lead them to Super Bowl LIV and is currently the head coach of the New York Jets. Defensive assistant Marquand Manuel was the defensive coordinator of the Atlanta Falcons until the end of the 2018 season. Assistant special teams coach Jeff Ulbrich became the defensive coordinator for the Atlanta Falcons in the 2020 season and is currently the defensive coordinator of the New York Jets. Defensive line coach and assistant head coach Clint Hurtt is the current defensive coordinator for the Seahawks.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: The USAF Air Demonstration Squadron ("Thunderbirds") is the air demonstration squadron of the United States Air Force The Thunderbirds are assigned to the 57th Wing, and are based at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada. Created in 1953, the USAF Thunderbirds are the third-oldest formal flying aerobatic team (under the same name) in the world, after the French Air Force Patrouille de France formed in 1931 and the United States Navy Blue Angels formed in 1946.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: The Thunderbirds Squadron tours the United States and much of the world, performing aerobatic formation and solo flying in specially marked aircraft. The squadron's name is taken from the legendary creature that appears in the mythologies of several indigenous North American cultures.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: The Thunderbirds Squadron is a named USAF squadron, meaning it does not carry a numerical designation. It is also one of the oldest squadrons in the Air Force, its origins dating to the organization of the 30th Aero Squadron, formed at Kelly Field, Texas, on 13 June 1917.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: Officers serve a two-year assignment with the squadron, while enlisted personnel serve three to four years. As the squadron performs no more than 88 air demonstrations each year, replacements must be trained for about half of the team each year, in order to provide a constant mix of experience. In addition to their air demonstration responsibilities, the Thunderbirds are part of the USAF combat force and if required, can be rapidly integrated into an operational fighter unit. Since 15 February 1974 the Thunderbirds have been a component of the 57th Wing at Nellis AFB. Since 1953, they have flown in front of more than 300 million people.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: The Thunderbirds perform aerial demonstrations in the F-16C Fighting Falcon, and they also fly two F-16D twin-seat trainers.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: The F-16 has been the demonstration aircraft for the Thunderbirds since the 1983 season. In January 1982, four members of the squadron were killed in what became known as the "Diamond Crash" of T-38 Talon aircraft which the squadron had flown since 1974. Partially as a result of that accident, the squadron switched to the F-16A, and sat out the 1982 airshow season and spent that year retraining and transitioning over to the new aircraft to ready themselves for the 1983 season. The F-16, however, had been considered for transition prior to the accident. In rebuilding the Thunderbird Team, the Air Force recruited previous Thunderbird pilots, qualified each in the F-16A, and had them begin by flying "two-ship" maneuvers, then expanded the program one airplane at a time up to the full six airplanes. Beginning in June 1982, the F-16 Thunderbirds were led by Major Jim Latham.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: The team continues to fly the F-16, having switched from the F-16A to the F-16C in 1992. Only a few minor modifications differentiate a Thunderbird from an operational F-16C. These include the replacement of the cannon and ammunition drum with a smoke-generating system, including its plumbing and control switches, the removal of the jet fuel starter exhaust door, and the application of the Thunderbirds' glossy red, white, and blue polyurethane paint scheme. All the modification work is performed at the maintenance depot at Hill AFB near Ogden, Utah. Other than those modifications, the aircraft are taken from the standard USAF inventory as production fighters, and can be returned to an operational squadron in short order without any major modification.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: From the end of the runway the four-ship Thunderbird team get ready to begin their takeoff roll with the words "Thunderbirds, let's run em up!" being retransmitted from the team leader's mic through the PA system for the crowd to hear.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: Diamond: Historically, as Thunderbirds 1 through 4 lift off, the slot aircraft slips immediately into position behind 1 to create the signature Diamond formation. Thanks to the 2009 upgrade to the Block 52, the Diamond now has more than enough thrust to continue to climb straight up into their first maneuver, the Diamond Loop.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: Solos: Thunderbird 5 takes to the air next, performing a clean low altitude aileron roll, followed by 6 who performs a split S, climbing in a near vertical maneuver, rolling over and diving back toward show center and pulling up just above the runway to exit in the opposite direction.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: Much of the Thunderbirds' display alternates between maneuvers performed by the diamond, and those performed by the solos. They have a total of eight different formations: The Diamond, Delta, Stinger, Arrowhead, Line-Abreast, Trail, Echelon and the Five Card. The Arrowhead involves maneuvers in tight formation with as little as fuselage to canopy separation. They perform formation loops and rolls or transitions from one formation to another. All maneuvers are performed at speeds of .


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: The opposing solos usually perform their maneuvers just under the speed of sound (), and show off the capabilities of their individual aircraft by doing maneuvers such as fast passes, slow passes, fast rolls, slow rolls, and very tight turns. Some of their maneuvers include both solo aircraft at once, such as opposing passes (passing in close proximity to each other) and mirror formations (two aircraft being flown back-to-back in the calypso pass or belly-to-belly). In mirror formations, one Thunderbird must be inverted, and it is always number 5. In fact, the number 5 on this aircraft is painted upside-down, and thus appears right-side-up for much of the routine. There is also an extra amount of humor regarding the inverted performance of Thunderbird 5: the pilots all wear tailored flight suits with their name and jet number embroidered on the left breast. The suit for the pilot of the number 5 airplane has the number sewn upside-down.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: Nearing the end the Diamond pulls straight up into the vertical to perform the signature "Bomb Burst," where all four aircraft break off in separate directions while a solo goes straight up through the maneuver and performs aileron rolls until above the ground. At the end of the routine, all six aircraft join in formation, forming the Delta.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: One of the Thunderbirds' standing engagements is the annual commencement ceremony at the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs. The jets fly over Falcon Stadium at the precise moment the cadets throw their hats into the air at ceremony's end.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: On 19 September 1985, the USAF Air Demonstration Squadron was consolidated by Air Force Historical Research Agency (AFHRA) with the 30th Bombardment Squadron, a unit which was organized on 13 June 1917.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: During its operational history, the 30th served in World War I as a training unit in France, its mission to train fighter pilots to go into combat on the Western Front. The squadron was almost torpedoed on its troop ship crossing the Atlantic Ocean. Stationed at Clark Field in the Philippines on 7 December 1941, it was almost wiped out in the 1941 Battle of the Philippines. Some members of the squadron fought as an infantry unit and were captured by the Japanese, being subjected to the Bataan Death March. The squadron was withdrawn to Australia, being reformed and later attacked Japan as a B-29 Superfortress squadron in 1945. It was awarded nine Presidential Unit Citations in World War II. During the Korean War, the 30th attacked North Korean targets with B-29 Superfortresses.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: After six months training in an unofficial status, the Thunderbirds were activated on 25 May 1953 as the 3600th Air Demonstration Team at Luke AFB, just west of Phoenix.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: The team had flown 26 shows by that August. The first team leader was Major Richard C. Catledge (1953–1954), and the first plane used by the unit was the straight-wing F-84G Thunderjet. Because the Thunderjet was a single-seat fighter, a two-seat T-33 Shooting Star served as the narrator's aircraft and was used as the VIP/Press ride aircraft. The T-33 served with the Thunderbirds in this capacity in the 1950s and 1960s.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: The next year the Thunderbirds performed their first overseas air shows, in a tour of South and Central America, and added a permanent solo routine to the demonstration. In the spring of 1955, under their second commander/leader (September 1954 – February 1957), Captain Jacksel M. Broughton, they moved to the swept-wing F-84F Thunderstreak aircraft, in which they performed 91 air shows, and received their first assigned support aircraft, a C-119 Flying Boxcar.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: The Thunderbirds' aircraft were again changed in June 1956, to the F-100C Super Sabre, which gave the team supersonic capability. This switch was accompanied by a relocation of their headquarters to Nellis AFB, Nevada on 1 June because of maintenance and logistical difficulties of basing the F-100s at Luke, with their first show after the move being held on 23 June. It also signaled a shift in their performance routine—for example, the Cuban Eight opening routine was dropped, and emphasis was placed on low, screaming flyovers and demonstrations of takeoff performance. For a time, if the show's sponsor permitted it, the pilots would create a sonic boom; this ended when the FAA banned supersonic flight over the continental United States. The move to Nellis also resulted in the first assignment of buildings and hangar space to the team.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: This practice remained in force through the 1973 season. In 1961, the team was compelled to discontinue the vertical bank maneuver due to an FAA regulation prohibiting aerobatics that pointed the nose of the aircraft toward the crowd. The year 1962 saw the introduction of dual solo routines, and the Thunderbirds went on their first European deployment in 1963, the year after the disbanding of the (see below). The team switched to the F-105 Thunderchief for the 1964 season, but were forced to re-equip with the F-100D after only six airshows due to a catastrophic structural failure of the No. 2 aircraft during a pitch-up maneuver that resulted in the death of Capt Gene Devlin at Hamilton Air Force Base on 9 May. The F-100D Super Sabre was retained through the 1968 season.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: By 1967, the Thunderbirds had flown 1,000 shows. In 1969, the squadron re-equipped with the front-line F-4E Phantom, which it flew until 1973, the only time the Thunderbirds would fly jets similar to those of the Blue Angels as it was the standard fighter for both services in the 1960s and 1970s.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: Due to the 1973 oil crisis, the team flew only six air shows and was grounded for some time. However, in 1974 they switched to the more economical T-38 Talon. Five T-38s used the same amount of fuel needed for one F-4 Phantom. The switch saw an alteration of the flight routine to exhibit the aircraft's maneuverability in tight turns, and ended the era of the black tail on the No. 4 slot plane, now regularly cleaned and shined like the others.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: In 1982, the Thunderbirds suffered a catastrophic loss during pre-season training on While practicing the four-plane diamond loop, the formation impacted the ground at high speed, instantly killing all four pilots: Major Norman L. Lowry (commander/leader), Captain Willie Mays, Captain Joseph N. "Pete" Peterson, and Captain Mark Melancon. The cause of the crash was determined by the USAF to be the result of a mechanical problem with the No. 1 aircraft's control stick actuator. This resulted in insufficient back pressure by the formation leader on the T-38 control stick during the loop. Visually cueing off the lead aircraft during formation maneuvering, the wing and slot pilots disregarded their positions relative to the ground.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: The team's activities were suspended for six months pending investigation of the crashes and review of the program, then reinstituted using the General Dynamics F-16A Fighting Falcon in 1983, , and were upgraded to the F-16C (now produced by Lockheed Martin) in 1992.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: In 1986, the Thunderbirds did a fly-by for the re-dedication of the Statue of Liberty in New York City. They also performed the first American military demonstration in a communist country when the team visited Beijing, China, in 1987.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: Their 3,000th air show was performed in 1990, and in 1991 the team went overseas to perform air shows in Switzerland, Poland, and Hungary. The team traveled abroad again in 1996, visiting Romania, Bulgaria, and Slovenia. Also in 1996, the team participated in the Atlanta Olympics' opening ceremonies.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: The United States Postal Service honored the Air Force's 50th anniversary as a separate branch of the military in 1997 with a limited edition stamp featuring the Thunderbirds.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: In June 2005, the Thunderbirds selected Major Nicole Malachowski for the No. 3 position, making her the first female to hold a pilot position in the team's 53-year history. In 2007, during Maj. Malachowski's final season as a Thunderbird, the team selected its second female pilot, Captain Samantha Weeks, who flew the No. 6 opposing solo position.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: The 2007 European Goodwill Tour was the Thunderbirds's first visit to Europe after the 11 September attacks. During this tour, the Thunderbirds performed at their first-ever air show in Ireland. Despite inclement weather, more than 100,000 people attended the air show, garnering nationwide exposure by Irish media. Additional stops along the way included aerial demonstrations in Poland, Romania, Bulgaria's Graf Ignatievo Air Base, Italy, France and England, where the Thunderbirds participated in the Royal International Air Tattoo, the world's largest air show. Outside of aerial demonstrations, the team participated in eight official public relations events attended by heads of state and local civic leaders. The team also conducted community outreach by meeting with needy children throughout Europe.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: On 10–11 November 2007, the City of Las Vegas and Nellis AFB saluted the U.S. Air Force, hosting the capstone event of the USAF's 60th anniversary celebration.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: In 2008, the Thunderbirds remained in North America, performing both in the United States and in Canada. When Quebec City celebrated its 400th anniversary, the Thunderbirds joined the Canadian Forces's Snowbirds, the British Royal Air Force's Red Arrows, and the United States Navy's Blue Angels in a ceremonial flight over Quebec City. Later in the year, the team returned to Canada for two shows in Abbotsford, British Columbia.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: In 2009 the Thunderbirds hired their first-ever Air National Guard pilot, Lt. Col. Derek Routt as Thunderbird No. 7 (operations officer), and the first-ever Reserve pilot, Maj. Sean Gustafson, also joined the team as Thunderbird No. 4 (slot).


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: The 2009 Far East Tour took the team to multiple locations on the western border of the Pacific Rim and included performances in Hawaii, Australia, Malaysia, Guam, Thailand, Japan, and South Korea. More than 1.2 million people saw the shows in person and more than 120 million were exposed to the shows through their national media. These are conservative estimates as one Korean prime-time television show alone reached eight million. The top-rated show "Qualifications of Man" did a one-hour feature on the Thunderbirds and resulted from a coordinated media pitch to the network and the Republic of Korea Air Force. In addition to the air shows, the Thunderbirds personally met and spent time with more than five hundred special needs children and orphans.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: The entire 2013 flying season was canceled due to budget cuts resulting from the United States fiscal cliff. Team members made recruiting appearances in the Las Vegas area that did not require travel. Enlisted personnel performed gate checks and base housing inspections. Performances resumed in 2014.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: The Thunderbirds have performed at over 4,000 airshows worldwide, accumulating millions of miles in hundreds of different airframes over the course of their more than fifty-four years of service. Flying high-performance fighter jets is inherently dangerous; when flying in extremely close formation, the danger is compounded. In total, twenty-one Thunderbirds pilots have been killed in the team's history. Only three fatal crashes have occurred during air shows, two of them in jets:


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: The first was the death of Major Joe Howard, flying Thunderbird No. 3 (F-4E s/n "66-0321") on 4 June 1972 at Dulles Airport, during Transpo 72. His Phantom experienced a structural failure of the horizontal stabilizer, and Major Howard ejected as the aircraft fell back to earth tail first from about 1,500 feet and descended under a good canopy, but he landed in the aircraft fireball and did not survive.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: The second death occurred 9 May 1981 at Hill AFB, Utah, when Captain David "Nick" Hauck flying Thunderbird No. 6 (T-38A) crashed while performing the hi-lo Maneuver. Capt Hauck crashed while attempting to land his ailing T-38 after an engine malfunctioned and caught fire. With black smoke billowing from the exhaust and the aircraft losing altitude in a high nose-up attitude, the safety officer on the ground radioed Capt Hauck: "You're on fire, punch out!" To that, he responded: "Hang on... we have a bunch of people down there". The aircraft continued to stay airborne for about half a mile before hitting a large oak tree and a barn, then sliding across a field and flipping as it traversed an irrigation canal—ultimately erupting into a fireball just a few hundred feet from the runway's end. No one on the ground was injured, even though the accident occurred adjacent to a roadway packed with onlookers.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: The first USAF jet-powered aerobatic demo team was the "Acrojets", performing early in 1949 with F-80Cs at the USAF Fighter School at Williams Air Force Base, Arizona, and was headed by Captain Howard W. "Swede" Jensen. This team flew together until August 1950, when it was inactivated due to the American commitment to the Korean War. Additionally, there was also a later USAFE "Acrojets" team in Germany, this one made up of USAF T-33 Shooting Star instructor pilots at Fürstenfeldbruck AB in the mid-1950s.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: The "" were the USAF demonstration team representing the United States Air Forces Europe (USAFE) from the late 1940s through the 1950s. This team was formed in early 1949 by a group of 22d Fighter Squadron pilots from the 36th Fighter Wing at Fürstenfeldbruck Air Base in Germany. At this time they were flying Lockheed F-80B Shooting Stars. The unit transitioned to the F-84E in 1950, the F-86F in 1955 and the F-100C in 1956. Two of the original Skyblazer team members, identical twins C.A. "Bill" and C.C. "Buck" Pattillo, went on to become members of the first Thunderbird team.


title: United States Air Force Thunderbirds

text: Unlike the Thunderbirds, the Skyblazers seldom appeared outside of the realm of USAFE operations in Europe. The Skyblazers were disbanded in January 1962 when their home squadron was rotated back to the United States and their assigned aircraft transitioned to the F-105 Thunderchief.