title: CYP3A4

text: Fetuses tend to not express CYP3A4 in their liver tissue, but rather CYP3A7 (), which acts on a similar range of substrates. CYP3A4 is absent in fetal liver but increases to approximately 40% of adult levels in the fourth month of life and 72% at 12 months.


title: CYP3A4

text: Although CYP3A4 is predominantly found in the liver, it is also present in other organs and tissues of the body, where it may play an important role in metabolism. CYP3A4 in the intestine plays an important role in the metabolism of certain drugs. Often this allows prodrugs to be activated and absorbed – as in the case of the histamine H-receptor antagonist terfenadine.


title: CYP3A4

text: Recently CYP3A4 has also been identified in the brain, however its role in the central nervous system is still unknown.


title: CYP3A4

text: Cytochrome P450 enzymes perform an assortment of modifications on a variety of ligands, utilizing its large active site and its ability to bind more than one substrate at a time to perform complicated chemical alterations in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds. These include hydroxylation, epoxidation of olefins, aromatic oxidation, heteroatom oxidations, N- and O- dealkylation reactions, aldehyde oxidations, dehydrogenation reactions, and aromatase activity.


title: CYP3A4

text: Hydroxylation of an sp C-H bond is one of the ways in which CYP3A4 (and cytochrome P450 oxygenases) affects its ligand. In fact, hydroxylation is sometimes followed by dehydrogenation, leading to more complex metabolites. An example of a molecule that undergoes more than one reaction due to CYP3A4 includes tamoxifen, which is hydroxylated to 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen and then dehydrated to 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen quinone methide. Two mechanisms have been proposed as the primary pathway of hydroxylation in P450 enzymes.


title: CYP3A4

text: In 1998, various researchers showed that grapefruit juice, and grapefruit in general, is a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4, which can affect the metabolism of a variety of drugs, increasing their bioavailability. In some cases, this can lead to a fatal interaction with drugs like astemizole or terfenadine. The effect of grapefruit juice with regard to drug absorption was originally discovered in 1989. The first published report on grapefruit drug interactions was in 1991 in the "Lancet" entitled "Interactions of Citrus Juices with Felodipine and Nifedipine", and was the first reported food-drug interaction clinically. The effects of grapefruit last from 3–7 days, with the greatest effects when juice is taken an hour previous to administration of the drug.


title: CYP3A4

text: In addition to grapefruit, other fruits have similar effects. Noni ("Morinda citrifolia"), for example, is a dietary supplement typically consumed as a juice and also inhibits CYP3A4. Pomegranate juice has shown some inhibition in limited studies, but has not yet demonstrated the effect in humans.


title: CYP3A4

text: While over 28 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified in the "CYP3A4" gene, it has been found that this does not translate into significant interindividual variability . It can be supposed that this may be due to the induction of CYP3A4 on exposure to substrates.


title: CYP3A4

text: CYP3A4 alleles which have been reported to have minimal function compared to wild-type include CYP3A4*6 (an A17776 insertion) and CYP3A4*17 (F189S). Both of these SNPs led to decreased catalytic activity with certain ligands, including testosterone and nifedipine in comparison to wild-type metabolism. By contrast, "CYP3A4*1G" allele has more potent enzymatic activity compared to "CYP3A4*1A" (the wild-type allele).


title: CYP3A4

text: Variability in CYP3A4 function can be determined noninvasively by the erythromycin breath test (ERMBT). The ERMBT estimates CYP3A4 activity by measuring the radiolabelled carbon dioxide exhaled after an intravenous dose of (C-"N"-methyl)-erythromycin.


title: CYP3A4

text: CYP3A4 is induced by a wide variety of ligands. These ligands bind to the pregnane X receptor (PXR). The activated PXR complex forms a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR), which binds to the XREM region of the "CYP3A4" gene. XREM is a regulatory region of the "CYP3A4" gene, and binding causes a cooperative interaction with proximal promoter regions of the gene, resulting in increased transcription and expression of CYP3A4. Activation of the PXR/RXR heterodimer initiates transcription of the CYP3A4 promoter region and gene. Ligand binding increases when in the presence of CYP3A4 ligands, such as in the presence of aflatoxin B1, M1, and G1. Indeed, due to the enzyme's large and malleable active site, it is possible for the enzyme to bind multiple ligands at once, leading to potentially detrimental side effects.


title: CYP3A4

text: Induction of CYP3A4 has been shown to vary in humans depending on sex. Evidence shows an increased drug clearance by CYP3A4 in women, even when accounting for differences in body weight. A study by Wolbold et al. (2003) found that the median CYP3A4 levels measured from surgically removed liver samples of a random sample of women exceeded CYP3A4 levels in the livers of men by 129%. CYP3A4 mRNA transcripts were found in similar proportions, suggesting a pre-translational mechanism for the up-regulation of CYP3A4 in women. The exact cause of this elevated level of enzyme in women is still under speculation, however studies have elucidated other mechanisms (such as CYP3A5 or CYP3A7 compensation for lowered levels of CYP3A4) that affect drug clearance in both men and women.


title: CYP3A4

text: CYP3A4 substrate activation varies amongst different animal species. Certain ligands activate human PXR, which promotes CYP3A4 transcription, while showing no activation in other species. For instance, mouse PXR is not activated by rifampicin and human PXR is not activated by pregnenalone 16α-carbonitrile In order to facilitate study of CYP3A4 functional pathways "in vivo," mouse strains have been developed using transgenes in order to produce null/human CYP3A4 and PXR crosses. Although humanized hCYP3A4 mice successfully expressed the enzyme in their intestinal tract, low levels of hCYP3A4 were found in the liver. This effect has been attributed to CYP3A4 regulation by the growth hormone signal transduction pathway. In addition to providing an "in vivo" model, humanized CYP3A4 mice (hCYP3A4) have been used to further emphasize gender differences in CYP3A4 activity.


title: CYP3A4

text: CYP3A4 activity levels have also been linked to diet and environmental factors, such as duration of exposure to xenobiotic substances. Due to the enzyme's extensive presence in the intestinal mucosa, the enzyme has shown sensitivity to starvation symptoms and is upregulated in defense of adverse effects. Indeed, in fatheaded minnows, unfed female fish were shown to have increased PXR and CYP3A4 expression, and displayed a more pronounced response to xenobiotic factors after exposure after several days of starvation. By studying animal models and keeping in mind the innate differences in CYP3A4 activation, investigators can better predict drug metabolism and side effects in human CYP3A4 pathways.


title: CYP3A4

text: Estimates of the turnover rate of human CYP3A4 vary widely. For hepatic CYP3A4, "in vivo" methods yield estimates of enzyme half-life mainly in the range of 70 to 140 hours, whereas "in vitro" methods give estimates from 26 to 79 hours. Turnover of gut CYP3A4 is likely to be a function of the rate of enterocyte renewal; an indirect approach based on recovery of activity following exposure to grapefruit juice yields measurements in the 12- to 33-hour range.


title: CYP3A4

text: Due to membrane-bound CYP3A4's natural propensity to conglomerate, it has historically been difficult to study drug binding in both solution and on surfaces. Co-crystallization is difficult since the substrates tend to have a low Kd (between 5-150 μM) and low solubility in aqueous solutions. A successful strategy in isolating the bound enzyme is the functional stabilization of monomeric CYP3A4 on silver nanoparticles produced from nanosphere lithography and analyzed via localized surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (LSPR). These analyses can be used as a high-sensitivity assay of drug binding, and may become integral in further high-throughput assays utilized in initial drug discovery testing. In addition to LSPR, CYP3A4-Nanodisc complexes have been found helpful in other applications including solid-state NMR, redox potentiometry, and steady-state enzyme kinetics.


title: CYP3A4

text: Following is a table of selected substrates, inducers and inhibitors of CYP3A4. Where classes of agents are listed, there may be exceptions within the class.


title: Yoko Kanno

text: Yoko Kanno was born March 18, 1963, in Sendai. Her earliest experiences with music came from attending church with her parents. She studied keyboard from a young age on both the piano in her home and the organ at her kindergarten. In elementary school, she began participating in composition contests, but in high school, Kanno began to take more of an interest in literature than in music.


title: Yoko Kanno

text: Kanno attended Waseda University, where she majored in literature, but she transcribed music for various student groups at Waseda in her free time. During this time, Kanno—whose parents had only allowed her to listen to classical music—was introduced to rhythm by a friend who played drums in a school band. She spoke of this experience in an interview with Akihiro Tomita:


title: Yoko Kanno

text: While at Waseda, the Japanese video game company Koei asked Kanno to compose the soundtrack to "Nobunaga's Ambition". The game turned out to be a hit, and Kanno's music career was launched.


title: Yoko Kanno

text: Yoko Kanno's soundtrack themes include "Kiseki no Umi" ("Lodoss War"), "Voices" ("Macross Plus"), "Tank!" ("Cowboy Bebop"), "Yakusoku wa Iranai" ("Escaflowne"), "Gravity" ("Wolf's Rain"), "Inner Universe" ("") and "". In regards to making the "Stand Alone Complex" soundtrack she said:


title: Yoko Kanno

text: Having composed in various genres, including blues, classical, jazz, techno, and J-pop, she was once asked if she favored a particular genre:


title: Yoko Kanno

text: Since she works in the animation industry, she only receives instructions and storyboards from directors which helps her with composing. However, it is uncertain if all of her works are to be included in the finished project. She once said that this is a way she likes to work, for she does not have to deal with rules during composing. In reference to this, she once stated:


title: Yoko Kanno

text: She was the lead member of the project band called Seatbelts, which regrouped in the year of 2004 to compose the soundtrack of the PlayStation 2 "Cowboy Bebop" video game, released in Japan in 2005.


title: Yoko Kanno

text: She has composed for Koei games released during the late 1980s to early 1990s and for "Napple Tale", a Dreamcast game. Due to her close involvement in the "Cowboy Bebop" anime, the game released by Bandai also features her work.


title: Yoko Kanno

text: Apart from anime and games, Kanno also composes for live-action films and television commercials. Some popular brands she has composed for are Canon, DoCoMo, Fuji Xerox, 7-Eleven, Microsoft, Nissan, Toyota, Shiseido, Avon, and MasterCard to name a few. Contributions to films started in the 1990s but only since 2002 has there been a trend towards the medium. Most of the latter were shown in international film festivals.


title: Yoko Kanno

text: She attended Otakon and Anime Expo in 1999, as well as Anime Expo New York in 2002. In 2010, she made a surprise appearance at Anime Expo. Yoko Kanno performed her solo "PianoMe" concert at Otakon 2013.


title: Yoko Kanno

text: She composed a three-movement suite, entitled "Ray of Water," for the ascension of Emperor Naruhito. It was performed for him and Empress Masako at the enthronement celebration on November 9, 2019. Yoshikazu Okada wrote the lyrics for the vocal portion, which was performed at the celebration by the idol group, Arashi.


title: Yoko Kanno

text: On many of Kanno's tracks, a woman named "Gabriela Robin" was credited as a lyricist and vocalist, but whenever these songs were performed in concert, either Maaya Sakamoto or Origa would perform them instead. In a 2009 written interview, Robin proclaimed that she would perform for the first time live at Kanno's 2009 Tanabata Sonic concert, but at the end of the concert, which featured Kanno directing the Warsaw Philharmonic, Kanno turned to the audience and sang "Moon", a song previously attributed to Robin from the "Turn A Gundam" soundtrack, revealing that "Gabriela Robin" was simply a pseudonym Kanno used to write songs mixing English and Japanese freely. In a later interview, Kanno said she had picked the name because the first orchestral recording she had heard was the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, and at the time Yitzhak Rabin served as Israel's Prime Minister.


title: Yoko Kanno

text: In addition to Japanese, she speaks a little English and some French, but claims that her English is "poor" and she needs translation help to converse in French. In regards to spirituality and religion, she said:


title: Yoko Kanno

text: Besides music, Kanno also enjoys photography and writing. She has written a number of journals for Newtype magazine of which photos for illustrations are done by Kanno herself as well, and a selection of photos taken by Kanno of her protégé and former production partner Maaya Sakamoto were featured in the special event program for Sakamoto's 2010 thirtieth birthday concert at Nippon Budokan.


title: Yoko Kanno

text: In 2011, Kanno expressed her support and wishes to the victims of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, composing a song titled "Kimi de Ite, Buji de Ite". Later, she composed NHK's official support song on the occasion of the first anniversary of the earthquake entitled "Hana wa Saku" ("Flowers Will Bloom") featuring lyrics by Sendai film director Shunji Iwai. The song features notable natives from the affected areas of Fukushima, Miyagi, and Iwate.


title: Pubis (bone)

text: In vertebrates, the pubic region () is the most forward-facing (ventral and anterior) of the three main regions making up the coxal bone. The left and right pubic regions are each made up of three sections, a superior ramus, inferior ramus, and a body.


title: Pubis (bone)

text: The pubic region is made up of a "body", "superior ramus", and "inferior ramus" (). The left and right coxal bones join at the pubic symphysis. It is covered by a layer of fat, which is covered by the mons pubis. The pubis is the lower limit of the suprapubic region. In the female, the pubic region is anterior to the urethral sponge.


title: Pubis (bone)

text: The body forms the wide, strong, middle and flat part of the pubic region. The bodies of the left and right pubic regions join at the pubic symphysis. The rough upper edge is the pubic crest, ending laterally in the pubic tubercle. This tubercle, found roughly 3 cm from the pubic symphysis, is a distinctive feature on the lower part of the abdominal wall; important when localizing the superficial inguinal ring and the femoral canal of the inguinal canal. The inner surface of the body forms part of the wall of the lesser pelvis and joints to the origin of a part of the obturator internus muscle.


title: Pubis (bone)

text: The superior pubic ramus is the upper of the two rami. It forms the upper edge of the obturator foramen. It extends from the body to the median plane where it joins with the ramus of the opposite side. It consists of an inner flattened part and a narrow outer prismoid portion.


title: Pubis (bone)

text: Passing upward and laterally from the pubic tubercle is a well-defined ridge, forming a part of the pectineal line which marks the brim of the lesser pelvis: to it are attached a portion of the inguinal falx (conjoined tendon of obliquus internus and transversus), the lacunar ligament (Gimbernat's ligament), and the reflected inguinal ligament (triangular fascia).


title: Pubis (bone)

text: Medial to the pubic tubercle is the crest, which extends from this process to the medial end of the bone. It affords attachment to the inguinal falx, and to the rectus abdominis and pyramidalis.


title: Pubis (bone)

text: The point of junction of the crest with the medial border of the bone is called the angle; to it, as well as to the symphysis, the superior crus of the subcutaneous inguinal ring is attached.


title: Pubis (bone)

text: The "medial border" is articular; it is oval, and is marked by eight or nine transverse ridges, or a series of nipple-like processes arranged in rows, separated by grooves; they serve for the attachment of a thin layer of cartilage, which intervenes between it and the interpubic fibrocartilaginous lamina.


title: Pubis (bone)

text: The "lateral border" presents a sharp margin, the obturator crest, which forms part of the circumference of the obturator foramen and affords attachment to the obturator membrane.


title: Pubis (bone)

text: The inferior pubic ramus is a part of the pelvis and is thin and flat. It passes laterally and downward from the medial end of the superior ramus; it becomes narrower as it descends and joins with the inferior ramus of the ischium below the obturator foramen.


title: Pubis (bone)

text: Non-placental mammals possess osteological projections of the pubis known as epipubic bones. These evolved first among derived cynodonts, and evolved as a means of support for muscles flexing the thigh, facilitating the development of an erect gait. However, these prevent the expansion of the torso, preventing pregnancy and forcing the animal to give birth to larval young (the modern marsupial "joeys" and monotreme "puggles").


title: Pubis (bone)

text: Placentals are unique among all mammals, including other eutherians, in having lost epipubic bones and having been able to develop proper pregnancy. In some groups, remnants of these pre-pubic bones can be found as os penises.


title: Pubis (bone)

text: The clade Dinosauria is divided into the Saurischia and Ornithischia based on hip structure, including importantly that of the pubis. An opisthopubic pelvis is a condition where the pubic bone extends back towards the tail of the animal, a trait that is also present in birds. In a propubic pelvis, however, the pubic bone extends forward towards the head of the animal, as can be seen in the typical saurischian pelvic structure pictured below. The acetabulum, which can be thought of as a "hip-socket", is an opening on each side of the pelvic girdle formed where the ischium, ilium, and pubis all meet, and into which the head of the femur inserts. The orientation and position of the acetabulum is one of the main morphological traits that caused dinosaurs to walk in an upright posture with their legs directly underneath their bodies. The "prepubic process" is a bony extension of the pubis that extends forward from the hip socket and toward the front of the animal. This adaptation is thought to have played a role in supporting the abdominal muscles.


title: Mr Blobby

text: Mr Blobby is a British fictional character, created by British comedy writer Charlie Adams. His design involves mostly a costume of a bulbous pink figure with yellow spots, a permanent toothy grin, and green jiggly eyes, with performers often using tone of voice and repetition to express moods and an electronically altered voice to speak the word "blobby" when the character talks; although they are also capable of other words when required. In most cases, the character was portrayed by Barry Killerby between 1992 and 2015 and by Paul Denson from 2015 onwards.


title: Mr Blobby

text: The character became a noted icon of British television from the 1990s, after first appearing on Noel Edmonds' Saturday night variety BBC One television show "Noel's House Party", which Adams was a writer for, before making appearances on other programmes in later years. The legal rights to the character are owned by BBC Studios and Unique Television Ltd., a company initially founded by Edmonds. In 1993, the character was the central part of a Christmas release, titled "Mr Blobby", which topped the UK Singles Chart that year.


title: Mr Blobby

text: Mr Blobby first appeared in 1992 in the 'Gotcha' segment of the second series of "Noel's House Party", in which celebrities were caught out in a "Candid Camera" style prank. Mr Blobby was presented to the celebrities as if he were a real and established children's television character, in order to record a feature about the guests' professions - in reality, the setup was completely fictitious, and the character of Mr Blobby portrayed by Noel Edmonds and focused on acting childish and unprofessional to irritate the celebrities taking part. After the conclusion of the second series, the character was made a regular feature of the programme, with the production team taking turns to don the costume created by artist Joshua Snow.


title: Mr Blobby

text: Through "Noel's House Party", Mr Blobby was seen in short comedy sketches, 'guest-appearing' on other TV programmes. Examples include "Lovejoy", where he unintentionally broke antique furniture, and "Keeping Up Appearances", where he was seen paying an impromptu visit to Hyacinth and Richard Bucket, disrupting their kitchen. Mr Blobby was later dropped from "Noel's House Party" for its final series, but was later brought back for the programme's final episode.


title: Mr Blobby

text: Mr Blobby made regular appearances on Saturday morning show "Live & Kicking" and Saturday evening show "The Generation Game" with Jim Davidson. The character has appeared in cameos on "Dead Ringers", "Harry Hill's TV Burp", "Dick and Dom in da Bungalow" and "Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway". The character also appeared in the music video for Peter Kay's 2005 charity single "Is This the Way to Amarillo".


title: Mr Blobby

text: Mr Blobby was a regular character at the Danish adaption "Greven på Hittegodset" (1996) shown on TV 2 and was presented by Eddie Michel. The Danish adaption of Noel's House Party had negative reception from audiences, and was cancelled after only six of thirteen planned shows.


title: Mr Blobby

text: In December 1997, Mr Blobby made a guest appearance on the children's game show "Get Your Own Back", he was the losing grown-up and was subsequently gunged. He made a return the following year this time playing a judge on the show and gunged presenter Dave Benson Phillips as revenge for the previous year.


title: Mr Blobby

text: Mr Blobby has toured around the UK making public appearances at events such as university balls and in pantomime, and has made short videos and sketches exclusively for his official YouTube channel.


title: Mr Blobby

text: John McLagan stood as "Mr Blobby" in the Littleborough and Saddleworth by-election in 1995, having changed his name by deed poll. He came seventh out of ten candidates, with 105 votes (0.2%).


title: Mr Blobby

text: In 2012 Mr Blobby made a guest appearance on the 23 September episode of "The Big Fat Quiz of the Year" "The Big Fat Quiz of the '90s".


title: Mr Blobby

text: In May 2017 Mr Blobby made a guest appearance in the "Ghostbusters" episode of "The Keith & Paddy Picture Show", where he was portrayed by Paul Denson. He also appeared on "The Last Leg", where he was declared as leader of "The 90s Party", a political party formed by the show's hosts.


title: Mr Blobby

text: In November 2018, during Noel Edmonds' appearance on the eighteenth series of "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!", Mr Blobby made guest appearances on "Loose Women" and "This Morning" and was interviewed about Edmonds' time on the show.


title: Mr Blobby

text: In January and February 2019, Mr Blobby appeared in an advertising campaign celebrating the 100th birthday of supermarket Tesco.


title: Mr Blobby

text: On 6 September 2019, Mr Blobby appeared on the 20th Anniversary episode of "Loose Women" where he grappled Carol McGiffin, losing an eye in the process.


title: Mr Blobby

text: In November 2019, Mr Blobby appeared in Virgin Trains West Coast's "Final Whistle" music video, celebrating the end of the franchise.


title: Mr Blobby

text: On 7 November 2021, Mr Blobby attempted to take part in the Children in Need's Puppet Aid musical, but was locked out of the studio while the rest of Britain's famous puppets sang Starship's "Nothing's Gonna Stop Us Now". He then, according to the video, three hours later, broke into the studio and delivered the final note.


title: Mr Blobby

text: From 4 December 2021, Mr Blobby starred in The Chrysalis Theatre, Milton Keynes' pantomime "Peter Pan". The production ended prematurely due to the worsening COVID-19 conditions.


title: Mr Blobby

text: In September 2022, Mr Blobby appeared on "The Big Breakfast" and rode a mechanical bull. In November 2022, Mr Blobby appeared the celebrity call centre segment of "Children in Need" 2022.


title: Mr Blobby

text: In March 1994, Elizabeth Kolbert of "The New York Times" wrote: "Mr Blobby's rise to stardom has provoked anguished commentaries about just what he stands for... Some commentators have called him a metaphor for a nation gone soft in the head. Others have seen him as proof of Britain's deep-seated attraction to trash." A "Sun" article published the previous month had reported that Blobby reduced a young girl to tears after throwing her birthday cake onto the floor during a show in Luton, causing the girl's father to mount the stage and assault Blobby. Neville Crumpton, who owns the rights to the character, said: "If the press can knock him, they'll knock him whenever they can." A trio of failed Mr Blobby theme parks also resulted in considerable negative press and scandal.


title: Mr Blobby

text: On a 1996 episode of "Never Mind the Buzzcocks", Bob Mortimer described Blobby as a "pink, spotty, rubber twat", to applause from the audience and other guests. Addressing the character's popularity, former longtime BBC employee Michael Parkinson in 2007 confessed that he "really didn't get it", and found Blobby "far from amusing". In February 2009, Cole Moreton of "The Independent" featured Blobby in a recounting of the "10 most irritating television characters", asking: "Was there something in the water? Did the nation really once fall about laughing at the clumsy antics of a bloke in a big pink rubber costume with yellow blobs all over it?" In a 2016 article, Stuart Heritage of "The Guardian" said that Blobby "became a sensation immediately", but then devolved into a "widely despised irritant".


title: Mr Blobby

text: Mr Blobby's 1993 Christmas release "Mr Blobby", which topped the UK Singles Chart for three weeks, is regarded by many as the worst single, and indeed, song, of all time. It beat Meat Loaf's "I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)," and Take That's "Babe", among other songs to Christmas number 1. His 1995 track "Christmas in Blobbyland" (a number 36 UK entry) was voted the worst festive song ever by British Christmas shoppers in 2011 and 2015 polls, and was named in a 2013 "Metro" article as the second-worst Christmas song of all time, being beaten by Destiny's Child's "A DC Christmas Medley". "Mr Blobby: The Album" (1994) was voted the worst LP ever made in a 2016 listener survey.


title: Mr Blobby

text: Around Christmas 1993, retailers came out with many types of Mr Blobby merchandise. In addition to the CD, 7" vinyl or cassette tape single, Blobby merchandise included dolls and plush toys, slippers, egg cups, condiment shakers, pink lemonade, and towels.


title: Mr Blobby

text: Three programs were released on VHS, "Mr Blobby" (1993), "Blobbyvision" (1994) and "The All New Adventures of Mr Blobby" (1996).


title: Mr Blobby

text: In 1994 Millennium Interactive released "Mr Blobby", a platform game based on the character for Amiga and MS-DOS. The game received negative reviews from critics.


title: Mr Blobby

text: Mr Blobby appeared at three Crinkley Bottom-themed attractions in pre-existing British theme parks during the 1990s. The first was based at Cricket St Thomas in Somerset, opening in July 1994. Attractions included a walk-through Blobby House named Dunblobbin, a dark ride based around classic children's television characters, and an animated Noddy exhibit. While the park attracted over 500,000 visitors in its first year, attendance figures dwindled and the park closed in 1998.


title: Mr Blobby

text: The second park was opened at Happy Mount Park, Morecambe, in 1994. This led to large losses, a local scandal toppling councillors and finally an auditor's investigation, which reported in 2004 that "the Council's decision to proceed with the Theme Park was, on the basis of information available to Members and officers in March 1994, imprudent and failed to give due regard to the interests of local taxpayers." The auditor noted "the failure of the Council to carry out market research, the failure to make informed estimates of likely attendance figures, the absence of a design concept, the absence of a detailed specification, the absence of an accurate financial forecast and the imprecise drafting of the Heads of Terms", concluding that "the Council entered into an open-ended commitment without knowing what it was going to get for local taxpayers' money." Council losses stood at £2.5 million. Unique successfully sued the council, whose activities were described as "imprudent, irrational and even unlawful", for £950,000.


title: Mr Blobby

text: A third park based in Pleasurewood Hills, Lowestoft also failed to outlive the 1990s but maintained successful revenue during and after the Crinkley Bottom branding.


title: Mr Blobby

text: The original man in the Blobby suit, Barry Killerby, is a classically trained Shakespearean actor from Bradford, West Yorkshire. In 2008 he was working as a compere for an entertainment company. He commented that working as Mr Blobby was harder than it looks by saying "People think it's easy bouncing around saying, 'blobby', but they should try it. It was exhausting and demanding." Killerby's final appearance as Blobby was on "The Big Fat Quiz of the Year" in December 2012.


title: Mr Blobby

text: Following Killerby's retirement from the role, Paul Denson was asked if he would run the Mr Blobby YouTube channel and occasionally wear the suit to make video content. Denson, a child of the 90s, said he "thought it sounded like fun" and that it "was surreal putting on the suit for the first time." His first credited appearance as Blobby was on "" in December 2016 and has appeared as the character ever since.


title: Responsive web design

text: Responsive web design (RWD) or responsive design is an approach to web design that aims to make web pages render well on a variety of devices and window or screen sizes from minimum to maximum display size to ensure usability and satisfaction.


title: Responsive web design

text: A responsive design adapts the web-page layout to the viewing environment by using techniques such as fluid proportion-based grids, flexible images, and CSS3 media queries, an extension of the codice_1 rule, in the following ways:


title: Responsive web design

text: Responsive web design became more important as users of mobile devices came to account for the majority of website visitors. In 2015, for instance, Google announced Mobilegeddon and started to boost the page ranking of mobile-friendly sites when searching from a mobile device.


title: Responsive web design

text: Mobile-first design and progressive enhancement are related concepts that predate RWD. Browsers of basic mobile phones do not understand JavaScript or media queries, so a recommended practice was to create a basic web site and enhance it for smartphones and personal computers, rather than rely on graceful degradation to make a complex, image-heavy site work on mobile phones.


title: Responsive web design

text: Luke Wroblewski has summarized some of the RWD and mobile design challenges and created a catalog of multi-device layout patterns. He suggested that, compared with a simple HWD approach, device experience or RESS (responsive web design with server-side components) approaches can provide a user experience that is better optimized for mobile devices. Server-side CSS generator implementation of stylesheet languages like Sass can be part of such an approach. Google has recommended responsive design for smartphone websites over other approaches.


title: Responsive web design

text: Although many publishers have implemented responsive designs, one challenge for RWD adoption was that some banner advertisements and videos were not fluid. However, search advertising and (banner) display advertising came to support specific device platform targeting and different advertisement size formats for desktop, smartphone, and basic mobile devices. Different landing page URLs have been used for different platforms, or Ajax has been used to display different advertisement variants on a page. CSS tables permitted hybrid fixed and fluid layouts.


title: Responsive web design

text: There have been many ways of validating and testing RWD designs, ranging from mobile site validators and mobile emulators to simultaneous testing tools like Adobe Edge Inspect. The Chrome, Firefox and Safari browsers and developer tools have offered responsive design viewport resizing tools, as do third parties.


title: Responsive web design

text: The W3C specification of HTML+ stated that websites have to be rendered according to the user preferences. The customization of web page layout was lacking however. Many web developers resorted to ordinary HTML tables as a way to customize the layout and bring some basic responsiveness to their websites at the same time.


title: Responsive web design

text: First major site to feature a layout that adapts in a non-trivial manner to browser viewport width was "Audi.com" launched in late 2001, created by a team at razorfish consisting of Jürgen Spangl and Jim Kalbach (information architecture), Ken Olling (design), and Jan Hoffmann (interface development). Limited browser capabilities meant that for Internet Explorer, the layout could adapt dynamically in the browser whereas, for Netscape, the page had to be reloaded from the server when resized.


title: Responsive web design

text: Cameron Adams created a demonstration in 2004. By 2008, a number of related terms such as "flexible", "liquid", "fluid", and "elastic" were being used to describe layouts. CSS3 media queries were almost ready for prime time in late 2008/early 2009. Ethan Marcotte coined the term "responsive web design"—and defined it to mean fluid grid / flexible images / media queries—in a May 2010 article in "A List Apart". He described the theory and practice of responsive web design in his brief 2011 book titled "Responsive Web Design". Responsive design was listed as #2 in Top Web Design Trends for 2012 by .net magazine after progressive enhancement at #1.


title: Dishonored (series)

text: Dishonored is a series of action-adventure games developed by Arkane Studios, and published by Bethesda Softworks. The franchise started with 2012 with "Dishonored". A sequel, "Dishonored 2" was released in 2016. A standalone expansion to "Dishonored 2", "", was released in 2017.


title: Dishonored (series)

text: "Dishonored" is a series of action-adventure games played from a first-person perspective. In the games, the player explores vast levels to assassinate different targets or complete quests. The player assumes control of an assassin who has access to various supernatural powers, which can be used to navigate a level and defeat enemies. The player can collect runes to upgrade their superpowers, or equip bone charms to unlock further boosts. "Dishonored" is described as a series of immersive sims. The player is given freedom how they approach their objectives. For instance, the player can use stealth to avoid detection, use powers to eliminate enemies without being noticed, or directly confront opponents using the weapons and the supernatural powers. It is possible for players to complete these games without killing a non-playable character.


title: Dishonored (series)

text: The series is often praised for its steampunk-inspired design; developer Arkane Studios added that the games were inspired by the Victorian style, drawing references from early 1800 to the early 20th century. "Dishonored" is set in the Empire of the Isles, in a world where technology and supernatural magic co-exist. The major locations in the Isles include Dunwall, the Empire's capital city which uses whale oil as the city's main fuel source, and Karnaca, which is powered by wind turbines fed by currents generated by a cleft mountain along the city's borders. In the main entries, the endings are dependent on the player's chaos level, which is governed by how many characters the player has killed.


title: Dishonored (series)

text: In the first game, Royal Protector Corvo Attano is framed for the assassination of Empress Jessamine Kaldwin. He allies with the Loyalists—a resistance group fighting to reclaim Dunwall, and the Outsider, a supernatural being who grants him magical powers, to restore Kaldwin's daughter, Emily, to the throne.


title: Dishonored (series)

text: "Dishonored" is the first game developed by Arkane Studios after it was acquired by ZeniMax Media and the first game released by Harvey Smith, the co-creator of the "Deus Ex" franchise, after he joined Arkane in 2008. Arkane's offices in Lyon (led by studio founder Raphaël Colantonio) and Austin (led by Smith) were involved in the game's development. "Dishonored" was released in October 2012 for Windows, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 and it received very positive reviews from critics and became one of the best-selling new video game intellectual properties in the 2010s. Subsequently, Arkane released two downloadable content packs, "The Knife of Dunwall" and "The Brigmore Witches", for the game. Both content packs feature the assassin Daud, who murdered Empress Kaldwin at the beginning of the game.


title: Dishonored (series)

text: In the second game, the witch Delilah Copperspoon, who claims to be Jessamine's older half-sister and the successor to the throne, topples Emily's rule. The player, who assumes control of either Corvo or Emily, visits Karnaca in search for clues behind Delilah's source of power and attempts to reclaim Emily's throne.


title: Dishonored (series)

text: "Dishonored 2" was mainly developed by the Lyon office, with Smith serving as its director. Colantonio and the Austin studio shifted their focus to work on "Prey". The game was released in November 2016 for Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. Like "Dishonored", the game received very positive reviews upon release. In particular, the game was lauded for its level design, with critics singling out the level "Clockwork Mansion", in which the player transforms a mansion's layout by pulling levers, as its best. However, its physical sales struggled at launch.


title: Dishonored (series)

text: "Dishonored: Death of the Outsider" is "Dishonored 2"s standalone expansion. In the game, assassin Billie Lurks seeks assassin Daud as they set out to eliminate the Outsider.


title: Dishonored (series)

text: Marketed as a "standalone story" in the series, the game's story concludes the narrative arc established by the first game. It is not a full sequel to "Dishonored 2" as the game is shorter, more linear and more focused. Many systems were streamlined and simplified. For instance, all superpowers are unlocked at the beginning of the game, and it does not feature a chaos system. It was released in September 2017 for Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. The game received generally positive reviews upon release.


title: Dishonored (series)

text: At QuakeCon 2017, lead designer Ricardo Bare said that the series was "resting". Co-director Dinga Bakaba later clarified in 2020, saying that the press had over-interpreted Bare's statement and added that he did not think "there was a decision to put [the] "Dishonored" series on hold". However, Bakaba reiterated that they would not be revisiting the same storyline in the future, and that subsequent games in the series would only feature new protagonists.


title: Dishonored (series)

text: "Deathloop", a first-person shooter by Arkane Lyon and published by Bethesda, was confirmed by game director Dinga Bakaba that it exists in the same universe as the "Dishonored" series, far in the future after the events of "". The "Dishonored" games include some references alluding to "Deathloop" in addition to the references to the "Dishonored" series in "Deathloop".


title: Dishonored (series)

text: Bethesda partnered with Modiphius to create a tabletop role-playing game, which is set to be released in 2020.


title: Dishonored (series)

text: A series of novels by Adam Christopher have also been written inside the universe. These include "The Corroded Man", "The Return of Daud" and "The Veiled Terror"; it also includes two comic book series, that include "The Wyrmwood Deceit" and "The Peeress and the Price".


title: Mark Field

text: Mark Christopher Field (born 6 October 1964) is a British politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Cities of London and Westminster from 2001 to 2019. A member of the Conservative Party, he served as a Minister of State at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office from 2017 to 2019. A prominent supporter of the United Kingdom remaining in the European Union during the Brexit referendum and of Jeremy Hunt in the 2019 Conservative Party leadership election, he left his post as a Foreign Office Minister when Boris Johnson's premiership began. He stood down from the British House of Commons at the 2019 United Kingdom general election.


title: Mark Field

text: Field was born on 6 October 1964 at the British Military Hospital in Hanover, Germany. His father Peter (died 1991) was a major in the British Army and his mother Ulrike ("née" Peipe, died 2010) was of German origin. Field was educated at the state-funded grammar school, Reading School and St Edmund Hall, Oxford, where he graduated with a B.A. degree in Jurisprudence in 1987.


title: Mark Field

text: He was secretary and national political officer of the Oxford University Conservative Association from 1985 to 1986, JCR president of St Edmund Hall in 1986, and he was also news editor of student newspaper "Cherwell" while it was under the editorships of Christina Lamb and Anne McElvoy. During his student days, Field set up a publishing firm after spotting a gap in the market for careers handbooks in the legal profession. He completed his education at The College of Law at Chester, qualifying as a solicitor in 1990.


title: Mark Field

text: Whilst an undergraduate at Oxford University, Field became a personal assistant to the Conservative MP for Oxford West and Abingdon, John ("now" Lord) Patten, before training as a solicitor and practising as a corporate lawyer with Freshfields between 1990 and 1992. He then became a director of his own lawyer employment agency, Kellyfield Consulting from 1994 until 2001; the company employed a dozen staff and turned over almost £2 million "pa". After being elected to Parliament he sold his share of that business to a consortium headed by his ex-business partner.


title: Mark Field

text: Field served as vice-chairman of the Islington North Conservative Association between 1989 and 1991 and unsuccessfully stood as one of the Conservative Party candidates in the Quadrant ward in the Islington Council election in 1990. He was elected as a Conservative councillor for Abingdon ward on Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council in 1994, standing down in 2002 after entering the House of Commons.


title: Mark Field

text: He unsuccessfully contested the Conservative held seat of Enfield North at the 1997 general election following the retirement of the sitting MP Tim Eggar. 1997 was the year of Labour's parliamentary landslide and he was defeated at that election by Labour's Joan Ryan by 6,822 votes.


title: Mark Field

text: After leaving Parliament following the 2019 general election, Field was appointed as non-executive chairman of CIB Limited, a subsidiary of the Isle of Man-based investment bank Capital International Group in January 2020.


title: Mark Field

text: In December 1999 Field was selected to contest the safe Conservative seat of the Cities of London and Westminster following the retirement of former Northern Ireland Secretary Peter Brooke at the 2001 general election. Field won the seat with a majority of 4,499 and was returned to Parliament with an increased majority three times since (2005 – 8,095; 2010 – 11,076; 2015 – 9,671). He was re-elected with a reduced majority at the 2017 general election. Field made his maiden speech in the House of Commons on 27 June 2001, when he declared his great political hero to be former Prime Minister Bonar Law.


title: Mark Field

text: He was described by "The Guardian" as one of the most "hardline right-wingers" up for election in 2001 after comments he made in 1991 about charities fighting the AIDS epidemic were reported. Field criticised AIDS campaigns as a waste of taxpayers' money and wanted mandatory tests for AIDS: "Many charitable trusts set up to help counter Aids in the mid-1980s became little more than a gay rights front", he wrote in "Crossbow" in 1991.


title: Mark Field

text: As a parliamentarian Field, however, proved a strong supporter of equal rights. Within months of his election, in October 2001, he was one of four Tory MPs supporting a 10-minute rule bill on civil partnerships, a course he continued to support until it was on the statute books. He was also one of the Conservative MPs to vote in favour of gay marriage when this became law in May 2013. He was appointed an Opposition Whip by Iain Duncan Smith in 2003, becoming the Shadow Minister for London later that year. Between May and December 2005, he was Shadow Financial Secretary to HM Treasury. For 11 months, from late 2005 to late 2006, he was the Conservative Party's spokesman on Culture, Media and Sport under the new leadership of David Cameron in 2005. During his tenure he guided Opposition policy on the National Lottery Act 2006 and promoted policy safeguarding lottery funds for its four original causes of the Arts, heritage, charities and sport. He also led opposition to Britain's public library service.


title: Mark Field

text: In September 2010, Field was appointed by the Prime Minister to the Intelligence and Security Committee, chaired by former Foreign Secretary, Sir Malcolm Rifkind. He became the youngest MP on this committee, which reports directly to 10 Downing Street and oversees the UK's intelligence and security services.


title: Mark Field

text: He takes a special interest in economic affairs, financial services, foreign trade and international development and is chairman of the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Venture Capital & Private Equity as well as vice-chairman of the Groups on Football and Bangladesh. He previously served as chairman of the APPGs for Azerbaijan and Business Services. He has served on the Standing Committees of several pieces of legislation, including the Business Rates Supplements Act and the Finance Acts in 2008 and 2009.


title: Mark Field

text: As a backbencher, Field introduced several high-profile debates on issues of local and national importance such as homelessness, Northern Ireland, Government debt, Heathrow airport, policing in London, social housing, home education and population estimates. He has run local campaigns on business rates, St Bartholomew's Hospital, assisting the creative industries, the control of rickshaws in the West End, social housing rent rises, the independence of the City of London Police (including its fraud detection expertise) and, in July 2011, successfully argued in Parliament for the Department of Culture, Media and Sport's continuing control of the Royal Parks.


title: Mark Field

text: Field expressed criticism of the previous system governing MPs' second home allowances: "The Daily Telegraph"s investigation of MPs' expenses found Field to be among the lower-end claimants.


title: Mark Field

text: He has been a supporter of looser rules on MPs' outside earnings and was quoted in 2001 as saying: "If you're earning several hundred thousand a year in the City, are you going to give it up for £47,000 a year in the Commons?" In 2012, it was reported that the Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority (Ipsa) had plans to reform MPs' pay, which could lead to them facing salary cuts for taking on second jobs. Field, who had earned £90,000 in the previous year through advisory work, called the proposals "totally unacceptable", especially for MPs with London costs.


title: Mark Field

text: In October 2011, Field voiced opposition to Occupy London protestors camped in his constituency. He expressed concern that their "tent city" was turning into a "semi-permanent encampment" which was disrupting St Paul's, a "key iconic tourist site" and place of worship. He suggested that police should clear the camp at night and later said: "While no one expects anti-capitalism to be a 24-hour activity, I would have hoped the protesters would show a little more respect for the sanctity of St Paul's." On 28 February 2012, after 137 days of occupation, Field's initial recommendation became reality following a Court order when the site was cleared by the City of London Police in just 137 minutes.


title: Mark Field

text: In March 2014, he launched Conservatives for Managed Migration in order to spark a "calm and rational debate about migration both within and beyond the Conservative Party" before the 2015 General Election. Field asserted that the Coalition Government's pledge to get "annual net migration down to the tens of thousands" was undeliverable, risked potential harm to the economy and could ultimately be electorally damaging to the Conservative Party. In March 2015, Field was sworn into the Privy Council of the United Kingdom, thereafter being accorded the honorific prefix of "The Right Honourable".


title: Mark Field

text: In July 2015, Field was appointed vice chairman (International) of the Conservative Party under the leadership of David Cameron and was reappointed to the role by Theresa May. The role involves chairing the Party's International and Outreach Office which builds relationships with international sister parties on the centre-right, works with the Westminster Foundation for Democracy to enhance democratic institutions and political party structures in the developing world, acts as a link between the Party and its MEP group through work with the Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe (ACRE), and engages in political outreach work with diaspora communities in the UK.


title: Mark Field

text: In 2016, he met Halbe Zijlstra, Leader of the Dutch People's Party for Freedom and Democracy in the House of Representatives, who had made a series of controversial comments about immigrants and political correctness. It was argued that Field's role as vice chairman of the Conservative Party also includes liaising with sister centre-right parties in Europe.


title: Mark Field

text: On 13 June 2017, he was appointed a Minister of State at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. At the FCO his formal responsibilities included: Asia, Australasia/Pacific, Communications (public diplomacy and scholarship), British Council, Economic Diplomacy (including international energy strategy; climate change; OECD relationship; fintech/cyber and the illegal wildlife trade), FCO Services Overseas and the Prosperity Fund (as FCO representative on the Ministerial board). His work on climate change has included representing the UK government at December 2018's COP24 UN Climate Change Conference in Katowice, Poland as well as the San Francisco Climate Summit and PIF in Nauru earlier that year. He promoted UK expertise across Asia in green finance, renewables, carbon capture utilisation and storage, and electric vehicle technology.


title: Mark Field

text: On 20 June 2019, Greenpeace accused Field of assault, after an activist who interrupted Chancellor of the Exchequer Philip Hammond's Mansion House Speech was grabbed by the neck, pinned against a wall and then pushed out of the event by Field. Field said he reacted "instinctively" and referred himself to the Cabinet Office for an investigation. He apologised to the activist for "grabbing her" and said he was worried she might have been armed. As a result of the incident, he was suspended as a minister on 21 June, while investigations took place. The City of London Police reviewed the events and declared that it would be taking no further action because Field was a member of parliament. When Boris Johnson became prime minister in July 2019, Field was dropped from his ministerial role at the Foreign Office as part of a cabinet reshuffle. The Whitehall investigation was closed, as he felt that it was a "matter for the previous PM concerning his conduct during his time as a minister under her appointment". In October 2019, he announced that he would stand down from Parliament at the next general election, citing disagreement with government policy over Brexit.


title: Mark Field

text: A Cabinet Office investigation into the assault allegation, published in December 2019, concluded that he had breached the ministerial code but that he would not receive any sanction as Field was no longer in Parliament.


title: Mark Field

text: His first book, "Between the Crashes", brings together his articles on UK politics and global economics following the aftermath of the financial crisis and was released by Biteback Publishing in April 2013. His second book, "The Best of Times" looks at the challenges and triumphs in British politics, economics and foreign affairs in the period 2013 to 2015 and was released by Biteback Publishing in May 2016. The books were co-authored with future MP Julia Lopez who was his chief of staff at the time.


title: Mark Field

text: Field has been a regular panellist on BBC Radio 4's "Westminster Hour" and has appeared on various other BBC television programmes, including "Daily Politics", "Sunday Politics" and "Newsnight", ITV's "Late Debate" (a panellist from 2009) and Sky News as a newspaper reviewer. He has made contributions to the political blog, ConservativeHome, particularly on economic matters. He has written for "The Daily Telegraph" and "City AM", and wrote an article for "The Independent" about the Christian minority in Syria.


title: Mark Field

text: Field's first wife was former investment banker Michele Acton; they married in 1994. They divorced in 2006. Field had an extra-marital affair between 2004 and 2005 with Liz Truss, who was also married; the Conservative Party had appointed him as her political mentor at the time. In 2007, Field married celebrity agent Victoria Elphicke. They have two children.


title: Freddy Carter

text: Frederick James Carter (born 27 January 1993) is an English actor and director. He stars as Kaz Brekker in the Netflix fantasy series "Shadow and Bone" (2021–). He previously starred as Peter (Pin) Hawthorne in "Free Rein" (2017–2019), also on Netflix.


title: Freddy Carter

text: Carter was born on 27 January 1993 in Plymouth, Devon and grew up predominantly in Somerset. As his father was in the military, he spent some of his childhood moving around, with stints in Cyprus and Virginia. His older brother is fellow actor Tom Austen; they also have a middle brother. The three of them went to school at Queen's College in Taunton. Carter then went on to train in acting at the Oxford School of Drama, graduating in 2015.


title: Freddy Carter

text: Following graduation, Carter featured in the company of the Rose Theatre Kingston production of "The Wars of the Roses" directed by Trevor Nunn. Carter made his onscreen debut as a soldier in the 2017 DC Comics film, "Wonder Woman". That same year, Carter landed his first major role as a main character Peter "Pin" Hawthorne in the Netflix series "Free Rein". He also played this role in the Christmas and Valentine's specials. He starred as Alexander Flint in the 2018 stage production of Harley Granville-Barker's "Agnes Colander" in the Ustinov Studio at the Theatre Royal in Bath. Carter then played Ellis in 2018 horror film "The Convent".


title: Freddy Carter

text: In 2019, Carter wrote and directed his first short film, "No. 89". He also had a main role as Tom in the Channel 5 miniseries "15 Days" and a recurring role as Jason Ripper in the American DC Comics series "Pennyworth".


title: Freddy Carter

text: In October 2019, it was announced Carter would star as Kaz Brekker in the 2021 Netflix series "Shadow and Bone", an adaptation of the "Shadow and Bone", an adaptation of the fantasy book series "The Grisha Trilogy" and the "Six of Crows Duology" by Leigh Bardugo. Many publications singled out the "Six of Crows" half of the story for further praise, including "Rolling Stone", "Vulture", and "CNET". He has upcoming roles in the Apple TV+ miniseries "Masters of the Air" and the Paramount+ adaptation of Elizabeth Macneal's "The Doll Factory".


title: Freddy Carter

text: Carter married Caroline Ford on 3 December 2022, having met on the set of "Free Rein" and been in a relationship since 2018. Carter does photography as a hobby.


title: Collateral (TV series)

text: Collateral is a four-part British television drama serial, written and created by David Hare, and directed by S. J. Clarkson. It was first broadcast on BBC Two on 12 February 2018.


title: Collateral (TV series)

text: The series, described by Hare as "a police procedural without any of that police attitudinising", stars Carey Mulligan as DI Kip Glaspie, assigned to investigate the shooting of a pizza delivery driver in a London suburb. The ensuing story explores a complex web of characters who are all somehow connected with the story. Nathaniel Martello-White stars as Glaspie's partner, DS Nathan Bilk. Jeany Spark, Nicola Walker, John Simm and Billie Piper are also credited as principal members of the cast.


title: Collateral (TV series)

text: The series was Hare's first original series for television, despite having written for the BBC since 1973. Piers Wenger, the BBC's head of drama, described the series as "a contemporary and thought-provoking state-of-the-nation thriller that pushes the boundaries of what audiences expect


title: Collateral (TV series)

text: The show was produced by The Forge and distributed worldwide by All3Media, which brought Netflix on board to co-produce the series and release it internationally on 9 March 2018. Dazzler Media released a DVD of the series on 26 March 2018.


title: Collateral (TV series)

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the series holds an approval rating of 79%. The website's critics consensus reads, ""Collateral"s social commentary is sometimes overbearing, but strong performances cut through an overcrowded script to suggest that good intentions can count for something." "Hindustan Times" called it "an addictive murder mystery", while "First Post" said it "manages to ask important questions but doesn't provide any answers".


title: Collateral (TV series)

text: In March 2019, "Collateral" received two nominations at the 2019 British Academy Television Awards in "Best Photography & Lighting: Fiction" and "British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actress" for Billie Piper.


title: Gloria in excelsis Deo

text: "Gloria in excelsis Deo" (Latin for "Glory to God in the highest") is a Christian hymn known also as the Greater Doxology (as distinguished from the "Minor Doxology" or Gloria Patri) and the Angelic Hymn/Hymn of the Angels. The name is often abbreviated to Gloria in Excelsis or simply Gloria.


title: Gloria in excelsis Deo

text: The hymn begins with the words that the angels sang when announcing the birth of Christ to shepherds in (in Latin). Other verses were added very early, forming a doxology.


title: Gloria in excelsis Deo

text: Gloria in excelsis Deo is an example of the "psalmi idiotici" ("private psalms", i.e. compositions by individuals in imitation of the biblical Psalter) that were popular in the 2nd and 3rd centuries. Other surviving examples of this lyric poetry are the Te Deum and the Phos Hilaron. In the 4th century it became part of morning prayers, and is still recited in the Byzantine Rite Orthros service.


title: Gloria in excelsis Deo

text: The Latin translation is traditionally attributed to Hilary of Poitiers (c. 300–368), who may have learned it while in the East (359–360); as such, it is part of a loose tradition of early Latin translations of the scripture known as the Vetus Latina. The Vulgate Latin translation of the Bible was commissioned only in 382.


title: Gloria in excelsis Deo

text: The Latin hymn thus uses the word "excelsis" to translate the Greek word ὑψίστοις – "hypsístois" (the highest) in , not the word "altissimis", which Jerome preferred for his translation. However, this word is used near the end: "tu solus Altissimus, Iesu Christe" (you alone the Most High, Jesus Christ).


title: Gloria in excelsis Deo

text: In the Byzantine Rite (used by the Eastern Orthodox and some Eastern Catholic Churches), the Gloria is referred to as the "Doxology", and there are two forms: the Greater Doxology and the Lesser Doxology. The Greater Doxology is always sung, whereas the Lesser Doxology is read. There are certain textual differences between the two, and the order is somewhat altered in the two forms.


title: Gloria in excelsis Deo

text: The Greater Doxology is used in the Orthros (Matins) on Sundays and feast days. The Lesser Doxology is used at Matins on simple weekdays and at the Apodeipnon (Compline), but not in the Divine Liturgy.


title: Gloria in excelsis Deo

text: By contrast, in the Roman Rite this hymn is not included in the Liturgy of the Hours, but is sung or recited at Mass, after the Kyrie, on Sundays outside of Lent and Advent, during the octaves of Easter and Christmas, and on solemnities and feasts.


title: Gloria in excelsis Deo

text: In Masses celebrated in accordance with the 1962 Roman Missal (still authorized as an extraordinary form of the Roman Rite), the Gloria is sung much more frequently: the 1960 Code of Rubrics require it at Mass when in the corresponding Office of the day the Te Deum is said at Matins. It is thus used not only on I and II-class feasts (corresponding to solemnities and feasts in the post-Vatican II Mass) but also on III-class feasts (corresponding to memorials in the later form). In the 1962 form it is also said on ferias of Christmastide and Paschaltide even outside the octaves, but is omitted during the Septuagesima season, which does not exist in the post-Vatican II liturgy. The Gloria is also sung in both the pre-Vatican II and in the later form of the Roman Rite at the Mass of the Lord's Supper in the evening of Maundy Thursday and at the Easter Vigil.


title: Gloria in excelsis Deo

text: A tradition recorded in the Liber Pontificalis attributes to Pope Telesphorus (128–139?) the use of the hymn at the Mass of Christmas Day and to Pope Symmachus (498–514) its use on Sundays and the feasts of martyrs, but only by bishops; the right to use it was later extended to priests, at first only at Easter and on the day of their ordination, but by the end of the 11th century priests, as well as bishops, used it in the Mass on Sundays and feasts outside of Lent and Pre-Lent. After the 12th century Advent began to be considered a penitential period in imitation of Lent, to the exclusion therefore of the "Gloria in excelsis Deo".


title: Gloria in excelsis Deo

text: In the Church of England's 1549 edition of the "Book of Common Prayer", it was used in the same position as in the Roman Rite but was later moved to the end of the service, immediately before the concluding blessing. Revisions to the Prayer Book produced the 1552 prayer book and later the 1662 prayer book, but this placement was retained by the Anglican Communion until the 20th century. The "Common Worship" provides two Orders, one of which places the hymn in the earlier position.


title: Gloria in excelsis Deo

text: The 1928 United States Episcopal prayer book also placed the Gloria at the end of the Eucharist service (like the 1662 prayer book). This edition, still the standard in the breakaway Continuing Anglican churches, allows the hymn to be used in place of the "Gloria Patri" after the psalms and canticles at Evening Prayer. The Episcopal Church's 1979 Book moved it to the beginning, after or in place of the "Kyrie" in Rite One. In a Rite Two (i.e., contemporary language) service of Holy Eucharist, the Gloria, or another song of praise, is sung or said on all Sundays except those in Advent or Lent. It may also be used at other times as desired excepting Lent and Advent.


title: Gloria in excelsis Deo

text: The hymn is also used in the Divine Service of the Lutheran Church, and in the services of many other Christian churches.


title: Gloria in excelsis Deo

text: In the Tridentine Mass, the priest is instructed, when saying the opening phrase "Gloria in excelsis Deo", to extend his hands and raise them to shoulder height and, at the word "Deo", to join them and bow his head. He is then to continue the recitation standing erect with hands joined and bowing his head to the cross at the words "Adoramus te", "Gratias agimus tibi", "Iesu Christe" (twice), and "Suscipe deprecationem nostram", and at the concluding phrase (as also at the concluding phrase of the Nicene Creed and the Sanctus), to make a large sign of the cross on himself. At High Mass the priest intones the opening phrase, while the deacon and subdeacon stand behind him; then they join him at the altar and together with him quietly recite the rest of the hymn, after which they sit down and wait for the choir to finish its singing of the same text.


title: Gloria in excelsis Deo

text: The Roman Missal as revised in 1970 simplifies this, saying: "The Gloria is intoned by the priest or, if appropriate, by a cantor or by the choir; but it is sung either by everyone together, or by the people alternately with the choir, or by the choir alone. If not sung, it is to be recited either by all together or by two parts of the congregation responding one to the other." No particular ritual gestures are prescribed.


title: Gloria in excelsis Deo

text: In the usage of the Eastern Orthodox Church and those Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite, the Great Doxology is one of the high points of the festal Matins service. The priest puts on his phelonion (chasuble). When it comes time for the Great Doxology the deacon opens the Holy Doors, and the priest raises his hands orans and exclaims: "Glory to Thee, Who hast shown us the Light!", and the choir begins chanting the Doxology, while all of the oil lamps and candles in the temple are lit. The Great Doxology concludes with the chanting of the Trisagion and leads into the chanting of the Troparion of the Day. If the bishop is present he vests in his full pontifical vestments for the Great Doxology, and the subdeacons stand behind the Holy Table (altar) holding the lit dikirion and trikirion.


title: Gloria in excelsis Deo

text: When the Lesser Doxology is called for, it is simply said by the reader, the priest does not put on his phelonion, the Holy Doors remain closed and no lamps or candles are lit. The Lesser Doxology does not end with the Trisagion and is followed by an ektenia (litany).


title: Gloria in excelsis Deo

text: In liturgical calendars it is symbolized by a red mis-shapen semicircle (with the opening to one side) with three dots inside.


title: Gloria in excelsis Deo

text: The Gloria has been and still is sung to a wide variety of melodies. Modern scholars have catalogued well over two hundred of them used in the medieval church. The Roman Missal indicates several different plainchant melodies. In addition, several "farced" Glorias were composed in the Middle Ages and were still sung in places when the Roman Missal was revised by order of Pope Pius V in 1570. These expanded the basic Gloria by, for instance, adding to mentions of Jesus Christ a mention of some relationship between him and his mother. The use of these additional phrases in honour of the Blessed Virgin Mary was so common that in editions of the Roman Missal earlier than the 1921 revision, the text of the Gloria was followed by the rubric: "Sic dicitur "Gloria in excelsis Deo", etiam in Missis beatæ Mariæ, quando dicenda est" (When the "Gloria in excelsis Deo" is to be recited, it is recited in this way, even in Masses of Blessed Mary).


title: Gloria in excelsis Deo

text: Almost all polyphonic settings of the Mass include the Gloria. In addition, there are a number of settings of the Gloria alone, including:


title: Gloria in excelsis Deo

text: A paraphrase of the text in German, the early Lutheran hymn , has also been commonly set to music, in the form of chorale preludes or as part of larger compositions. The free paraphrase "Ich lobe meinen Gott, der aus der Tiefe mich holt" became a 1979 hymn of the genre Neues Geistliches Lied, similarly "Ich lobe meinen Gott von ganzem Herzen" the same year.


title: Gloria in excelsis Deo

text: The popular Christmas carol "Angels We Have Heard on High" is derived from the beginning of the Gloria, which it uses as a refrain. It has been translated into several languages.


title: Gloria in excelsis Deo

text: The Gloria features prominently in the popular song "Silence" by Delerium, a trance song as well as in Gina's and Elvira's theme from the "Scarface" soundtrack.


title: Gloria in excelsis Deo

text: The first phrase is also present in Bladee and Ecco2K's track '5 Star Crest (4 Vattenrum)' from their collaborative album 'Crest.'


title: R. C. Sproul

text: Robert Charles Sproul ( ; February 13, 1939 – December 14, 2017) was an American Reformed theologian and ordained pastor in the Presbyterian Church in America. He was the founder and chairman of Ligonier Ministries (named for the Ligonier Valley just outside Pittsburgh, where the ministry started as a study center for college and seminary students) and could be heard daily on the "Renewing Your Mind" radio broadcast in the United States and internationally. Under Sproul's direction, Ligonier Ministries produced the "Ligonier Statement on Biblical Inerrancy," which would eventually grow into the 1978 Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy, of which Sproul, alongside Norman Geisler, was one of the chief architects. Sproul has been described as "the greatest and most influential proponent of the recovery of Reformed theology in the last century."


title: R. C. Sproul

text: Sproul was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, as the second child of Robert Cecil Sproul, an accountant and a veteran of World War II and his wife, Mayre Ann Sproul (née Yardis). Sproul was an avid supporter of the Pittsburgh Steelers and Pittsburgh Pirates as a youth, and at the age of 15, he had to drop out from high school athletics in order to support his family. He obtained degrees from Westminster College, Pennsylvania (BA, 1961), Pittsburgh Theological Seminary (MDiv, 1964), the Free University of Amsterdam (Drs., 1969), and Whitefield Theological Seminary (PhD, 2001). He taught at numerous colleges and seminaries, including Reformed Theological Seminary in Orlando and in Jackson, Mississippi, and Knox Theological Seminary in Ft. Lauderdale.


title: R. C. Sproul

text: One of Sproul's mentors was John Gerstner, a professor of his at Pittsburgh-Xenia Theological Seminary. The two of them, along with another of Gerstner's students, Arthur Lindsley, co-authored the book "Classical Apologetics" in 1984. Sproul's ministry, Ligonier Ministries, made recordings of Gerstner teaching various courses on theology and the Bible.


title: R. C. Sproul

text: Sproul was a passenger on the Amtrak train that derailed in the 1993 Big Bayou Canot train wreck, and sometimes gave firsthand accounts of the story.


title: R. C. Sproul

text: Ligonier Ministries hosts several theological conferences each year, including the main conference in Orlando, FL, at which Sproul was one of the primary speakers. Sproul served as co-pastor at Saint Andrew's Chapel, a congregation in Sanford, Florida. He was ordained as an elder in the United Presbyterian Church in the USA in 1965, but left that denomination around 1975 and joined the Presbyterian Church in America. He was also a Council member of the Alliance of Confessing Evangelicals.


title: R. C. Sproul

text: Sproul was an advocate of Calvinism in his many print, audio, and video publications, and advocated the Thomistic (classical) approaches to Christian apologetics, less common among Reformed apologists, most of whom prefer presuppositionalism. A dominant theme in his "Renewing Your Mind" lessons is the holiness and sovereignty of God. Sproul taught that headcovering should be practiced in churches as the ordinance is "rooted and grounded in creation".


title: R. C. Sproul

text: Sproul, a staunch critic of the Catholic Church and Catholic theology, denounced the 1994 ecumenical document "Evangelicals and Catholics Together."


title: R. C. Sproul

text: In 2003, a "Festschrift" was published in his honor. "After Darkness, Light: Essays in Honor of R. C. Sproul" () included contributions from Robert Godfrey, Sinclair Ferguson, O. Palmer Robertson, Michael Horton, Douglas Wilson, John F. MacArthur, and Jay E. Adams.


title: R. C. Sproul

text: On April 18, 2015, Sproul suffered a stroke and was admitted to a hospital. Five days later, on April 23, Sproul went home from the hospital, suffering no ill effects. He was, however, diagnosed with a diabetic condition "that [would] be addressed through diet and regular medical attention."


title: R. C. Sproul

text: A longtime heavy cigarette smoker, Sproul had long suffered from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and was hospitalized on December 2, 2017, because of difficulty breathing, the result of an apparent infection, an “exacerbation of his emphysema due to the flu” (“not pneumonia”). After a twelve-day period of intermittent fever, and sedation and ventilator-assisted breathing, with effort given to restore his respiratory function, Sproul died on December 14, 2017 (at age 78).


title: R. C. Sproul

text: Some of Sproul's best-known books are "The Holiness of God, Essential Truths of the Christian Faith," and "What Is Reformed Theology?" He is also well known for "Chosen by God", a book about predestination and the sovereignty of God. His book "Not a Chance: The Myth of Chance in Modern Science and Cosmology" was highly praised by those who reject the materialism advocated by some in the scientific community.


title: R. C. Sproul

text: Through Ligonier Ministries and the "Renewing Your Mind" radio program and conferences, Sproul generated numerous audio and video lectures on the subjects of history of philosophy, theology, Bible study, apologetics, intelligent design, and Christian living. In addition, Sproul wrote more than 100 books and many articles for evangelical publications. He signed the 1978 "Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy", which affirmed the traditional view of Biblical inerrancy, and he wrote a commentary on that document titled "Explaining Inerrancy". He also served as the general editor of the "Reformation Study Bible" (), which has appeared in several editions and was also known as the "New Geneva Study Bible." In addition, Sproul was executive editor of "Tabletalk" magazine.


title: Big Hero 6 (comics)

text: Big Hero 6 is a superhero team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics and created by Man of Action.


title: Big Hero 6 (comics)

text: In 2014, Walt Disney Animation Studios produced the computer-animated film "Big Hero 6", inspired by the characters. In 2017, a television series based on the film, titled "", premiered. The characters also appeared in the video game "Kingdom Hearts III" in the San Fransokyo world. The official Marvel universe for the Disney "Big Hero 6" franchise is labeled Earth-14123.


title: Big Hero 6 (comics)

text: Created by Steven T. Seagle and Duncan Rouleau, Big Hero 6 was first intended to appear in "Alpha Flight" #17 (Dec. 1998). Instead, the team appeared in their own self-titled, three-issue miniseries by writer Scott Lobdell and artist Gus Vasquez. However, due to scheduling complications, the miniseries was published prior to "Alpha Flight" #17.


title: Big Hero 6 (comics)

text: The team also appears in a subsequent five-issue miniseries, which was launched by Marvel Comics in September 2008.


title: Big Hero 6 (comics)

text: In the original comics, the Japanese government needed a team of state-sanctioned superheroes, so they consulted the "Giri", a top-secret consortium of politicians and business entities. The Giri was formed to recruit and train potential individuals for "Big Hero 6", a team of superhuman operatives. Despite reservations by some members of the Giri, Silver Samurai, a freelance ronin and former bodyguard of the terrorist Viper, was appointed as the team's field commander. Secret agent Honey Lemon, inventor of the nanotechnology-based Power Purse from which she can access any object, also agreed to join the team. The tough-talking GoGo Tomago, able to transubstantiate her body into a fiery force blast by uttering her code name, was released from prison on the condition that she serve on the team. Finally, the Machiavellian bureaucrat known only as Mr. Oshima is appointed as the Giri's spokesperson and coordinates the team's activities.


title: Big Hero 6 (comics)

text: Government scientists then identified 13-year-old boy genius Hiro Takachiho as a potential operative. Unimpressed with the Silver Samurai, Hiro declines joining the team until his mother is kidnapped by the Everwraith, the astral embodiment of all those killed in the 1945 nuclear attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Hiro creates Baymax, a synthetic bodyguard capable of transforming into a dragon, using the brain engrams of his dead father. With Baymax, Hiro reluctantly joins forces with the Big Hero 6 to prevent the Everwraith from slaughtering millions in downtown Tokyo. During the battle, Big Hero 6 is joined by Sunfire, Japan's premier superhero, who is a mutant with the ability to heat matter into plasma. Sunfire becomes instrumental in the Everwraith's defeat.


title: Big Hero 6 (comics)

text: Soon afterwards, Big Hero 6 moves their headquarters from the Giri office building to Japan's Cool World Amusement Park. Here they are attacked by X the Unknowable, a monster born from a child's drawings who is capable of transforming its atomic structure into any form and shape. With the help of the Canadian superhero team, Alpha Flight, Big Hero 6 destroys X the Unknowable in the fires of Mount Fuji. Afterwards, Big Hero 6 continues to protect Japan from various threats such as a freak blizzard caused by the Crimson Cowl and her Masters of Evil.


title: Big Hero 6 (comics)

text: Eventually, Sunfire leaves Big Hero 6 so that he can work at Charles Xavier's X-Corporation office in Mumbai, India. His spot on the team is filled by Sunpyre, a young woman with similar solar-based powers who is pulled into this reality through the Power Purse and therefore comes to idolize Honey Lemon. Similarly, after Silver Samurai is seemingly slain in an altercation with the assassin Elektra in Iraq, his spot on the team is filled by the enigmatic Ebon Samurai. With the two most experienced members of Big Hero 6 gone, Hiro becomes the team's new leader.


title: Big Hero 6 (comics)

text: Sometime during the team's operation, they are attacked by minions of Yandroth. As part of a plan to gain power via superhero battles, Yandroth sends a team of "Living Erasers" into their building. The Living Erasers are capable of transporting beings out of reality. The entire battle takes place off panel and is only mentioned in conjunction with attacks upon other superhero teams.


title: Big Hero 6 (comics)

text: Later, the members of Big Hero 6 fall victim to a mind-control device implanted within Baymax. Traveling to Canada, the mind-controlled superheroes attack a new incarnation of Alpha Flight at a national park. After a brief battle, the mind-control device is short-circuited and the two teams part as friends. Big Hero 6 returns to Japan to seek out the parties responsible for their mind control.


title: Big Hero 6 (comics)

text: During the "Ends of the Earth" storyline, Spider-Man calls upon Big Hero 6 to help him defeat Doctor Octopus. The team, now operating from the Giri Institute, confront Doctor Octopus' Octobots, which Dr. Octopus had sent to Japan. They subsequently confront their previous enemy, the Everwraith, and are victorious.


title: Big Hero 6 (comics)

text: Silver Samurai (Kenuichio Harada), the illegitimate son of Shingen Yashida, is a Japanese mutant with the power to charge almost anything, most notably his katana, with mutant energy (described as a tachyon field). This enables it to slice through any known substance except adamantium. He wears a suit of traditional samurai armor made of a silver metal, hence the name "Silver Samurai".


title: Big Hero 6 (comics)

text: He was once the bodyguard for the international terrorist known as the Viper, and later an occasional mercenary, but he became the head of Clan Yashida after his half-sister Mariko Yashida's death. He attempted to pay off his clan's debts to the Yakuza and restore its honor. Although he was once one of Wolverine's greatest enemies, he impressed Wolverine so greatly that Wolverine entrusted him with the care of his adopted daughter, Amiko Kobayashi. The Samurai also helped Wolverine destroy the monster known as "Doombringer", and he later helped Logan rescue Amiko and Yukio from their kidnappers. During his time as a hero, the Silver Samurai became the leader of the Big Hero 6.


title: Big Hero 6 (comics)

text: Silver Samurai later became the bodyguard of the Japanese prime minister, but was killed while defending his family from a ninja attack.


title: Big Hero 6 (comics)

text: Sunfire (Shiro Yoshida) was a one-time member of the X-Men and a former nationalist who changed his views after the death of his father. Possessing the ability to fly and generate super-heated blasts of plasma, Shiro became one of Japan's most prominent heroes. He soon left Big Hero 6 to become a member of the X-Corporation, but was disgraced after his past ties to Mystique and the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants were revealed. Sunfire has since appeared as a member of the Marauders and of the Uncanny Avengers.


title: Big Hero 6 (comics)

text: GoGo Tomago (Leiko Tanaka) is known as the hothead of Big Hero 6. GoGo transforms her body into an explosive ball of energy, which can be projected at vast speeds.


title: Big Hero 6 (comics)

text: Hiro Takachiho is the brilliant thirteen-year-old boy who created Baymax; after the departure of Silver Samurai and Sunfire, he becomes the leader of Big Hero 6.


title: Big Hero 6 (comics)

text: Baymax began his existence as a science project created by Hiro. He was originally designed to be a hydro-powered robotic synthformer, programmed to serve as Hiro's personal bodyguard, butler, and chauffeur. However, prior to the project's completion, Hiro's father died and the young inventor programmed Baymax's artificial intelligence using the brain engrams of his recently departed father. With the thoughts and emotions of Hiro's father, Baymax became much more than a robotic bodyguard. He also functions as Hiro's best friend and father figure and is by his side nearly every hour of every day. Baymax also feels a deep attachment to Hiro's mother; however, Hiro and Baymax decided it was not in their best interest to inform her that her departed husband's memories were used as the basis for Baymax's artificial intelligence.


title: Big Hero 6 (comics)

text: In his prior life, the Ebon Samurai (Kiochi Keishicho) was a Tokyo police officer who was slain by Silver Samurai during an attack by HYDRA. After making a deal with Amatsu-Mikaboshi, Kiochi was allowed to return to Earth and exact vengeance upon the Silver Samurai. Wielding a demonic katana and permanently bonded to a black variant of his foe's armor, Kiochi was reborn as the Ebon Samurai. Upon learning that Silver Samurai had become the bodyguard of the Japanese prime minister, Kiochi abandoned his quest for revenge, realizing that murdering Harada would constitute a betrayal of his country. He becomes a part of the team but subsequently leaves them to accompany Sunpyre when she returns to the Microverse.


title: Big Hero 6 (comics)

text: An alternate reality version of Sunfire's deceased sister Leyu, Lumina is the crown princess of Coronar, a planet hidden deep within the Microverse. As a result of being pulled out of the Microverse through Honey Lemon's purse, Sunpyre worships her as a goddess and joins the Big Hero 6 team out of gratitude. She and the Ebon Samurai later leave the team to return to the Microverse to oust the villains who had taken over Coronar during her absence.


title: Big Hero 6 (comics)

text: A trained chef who uses various swords to fight. He can also give form to his Qi-Energy, usually materializing it as throwing knives that can paralyze opponents.


title: Big Hero 6 (comics)

text: The "Big Hero 6" comics inspired and adapted into the 2014 Disney computer-animated film of the same name. Produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios rather than Marvel Studios, it retains some of the core themes and character concepts from the comics, but makes substantial changes and builds a new story around them. For example, the film's version of Baymax is a friendly robot originally designed to provide medical care, while in the comics he is a bodyguard. The film was released in the United States in November 2014, receiving critical acclaim. It won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and was nominated for the Annie Award for Best Animated Feature and the Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film.


title: Big Hero 6 (comics)

text: The television series "" premiered on Disney XD in November 2017. The series takes place immediately after the events of the film, and is created by Mark McCorkle and Bob Schooley, creators of "Kim Possible" and executive produced by McCorkle, Schooley and Nick Filippi. The spinoff series "Baymax!" was released on Disney+ in June 2022.


title: Big Hero 6 (comics)

text: The Disney version of Hiro and Baymax are playable in the game "Disney Infinity 2.0". The main characters of the film are also playable characters in the mobile game "Disney Magic Kingdoms". The Disney version members of Big Hero 6 made their debut appearance in the "Kingdom Hearts" series in "Kingdom Hearts III", essentially making them the first characters from Marvel Comics to appear in the series.


title: 21st Century Breakdown

text: 21st Century Breakdown is the eighth studio album by American rock band Green Day, released on May 15, 2009, through Reprise Records. Green Day commenced work on the record in January 2006 and forty-five songs were written by vocalist/guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong by October 2007, but the band members did not enter studio work until January 2008.


title: 21st Century Breakdown

text: The album is a rock opera much like their previous album "American Idiot" (2004). Armstrong has described the album as a "snapshot of the era in which we live as we question and try to make sense of the selfish manipulation going on around us, whether it be the government, religion, media or frankly any form of authority". The singles "Know Your Enemy" and "21 Guns" exemplify the themes of alienation and politically motivated anger present in the record.


title: 21st Century Breakdown

text: To handle the record, they turned to producer Butch Vig, best known for producing Nirvana's "Nevermind" (1991). Critical response to "21st Century Breakdown" was generally positive. The record achieved Green Day's best chart performance to date, reaching number one on the album charts of various countries, including the United States "Billboard" 200, the European Top 100 Albums, and the United Kingdom Albums Chart. The album won the Grammy Award for Best Rock Album at the 52nd Grammy Awards on January 31, 2010. As of December 2010, "21st Century Breakdown" has sold 1,005,000 copies in the United States and more than 4 million worldwide.


title: 21st Century Breakdown

text: Green Day began to write new songs for what would become "21st Century Breakdown" in January 2006 after touring extensively in 2005 in support of their seventh studio album "American Idiot". At the time, frontman Billie Joe Armstrong stated: "We'll start with silence, and that's how we'll be able to find the inspiration to find another record." The band did not release any details of the writing and recording process until October 2007, when Armstrong said in an interview with "Rolling Stone" that he had written "something like 45 songs". The band members worked on the primitive conceptual stages of the album at their rehearsal studio in Oakland, California. Little was revealed on the themes or musical style of the album, but Armstrong stated: "I want to dig into who I am and what I'm feeling at this moment – which is middle-aged." He added that many of the 45 songs were written on piano instead of guitar.


title: 21st Century Breakdown

text: Green Day began the recording process for "21st Century Breakdown" in January 2008. Later that year, it was confirmed that the band worked with producer Butch Vig. The album was recorded with Vig throughout 2008 and into early 2009 at four locations in California: Ocean Way Recording in Hollywood, Studio 880 in Oakland, Jel Studios in Newport Beach, and Costa Mesa Studios in Costa Mesa. While recording in Hollywood, the band members bought cheap turntables from Amoeba Music and listened to many vinyl records for inspiration, including albums by The Beat and The Plimsouls. Armstrong cited as inspiration the music of The Kinks' Ray Davies, The Pretty Things' "S.F. Sorrow", The Doors' "The Doors" and "Strange Days", and Meat Loaf's "Bat Out of Hell". Drummer Tré Cool noted the influence of Eddie Cochran and The Creation on Armstrong's writing.


title: 21st Century Breakdown

text: While writing at his home studio, Armstrong worked on a cover of The Who's 1966 mini-opera "A Quick One, While He's Away"; Green Day recorded a full-band version of the song during the album sessions. Vig noted that frustrations would sometimes cause delays in the recording process for "21st Century Breakdown". Armstrong kept his lyrics closely guarded and intentionally mixed his demos so that the vocals were low in the mix and thus unintelligible to the other band members. It was not until late 2008 that he chose to share his words with Cool, Vig, and bassist Mike Dirnt by sitting down with them and reading the entire album's lyrics aloud in order. The band members made the finishing touches on the album in early April 2009 and claimed that its release would lead to a "kind of... post-partum depression".


title: 21st Century Breakdown

text: "21st Century Breakdown" continues the rock opera style of its predecessor, "American Idiot". The album is set in Detroit, Michigan and is divided into three acts: "Heroes and Cons", "Charlatans and Saints", and "Horseshoes and Handgrenades". Its loose narrative follows a young couple named Christian and Gloria through the challenges present in the U.S. following the presidency of George W. Bush. Bassist Mike Dirnt has compared the relationships between the songs to those in Bruce Springsteen's "Born to Run", saying that the themes are not as tightly interwoven as in a concept album, but that they are still connected. Many of the record's themes and lyrics are drawn from Armstrong's personal life and he sings in the first-person narrative style about abandonment and vengeance in "Before the Lobotomy", "Christian's Inferno", and "Peacemaker". "Rolling Stone" noted that the album is "the most personal, emotionally convulsive record Armstrong has ever written".


title: 21st Century Breakdown

text: The title track's opening lyric "Born into Nixon, I was raised in hell" references Armstrong's birth year of 1972, while "We are the class of '13" references the fact that his eldest son, Joseph, would graduate from high school in 2013. Dirnt has expressed his belief that "Last of the American Girls" was written about Armstrong's wife Adrienne, who he claimed is steadfast in her beliefs and assertively defends them, as is the topic of the girl in the record. Armstrong has cited his "disconnected" childhood—he was raised by his five older siblings after their father's death, while their mother worked graveyard shifts as a waitress—as the roots of the discontent expressed on "21st Century Breakdown". "East Jesus Nowhere" rebukes fundamentalist religion and was written after Armstrong attended a church service where a friend's baby was baptized.


title: 21st Century Breakdown

text: Musically, "21st Century Breakdown" is similar to the punk rock style of "American Idiot", but many critics have claimed that Green Day's traditional sound has evolved in the five years, with "21st Century Breakdown" incorporating new influences such as heavier, louder pop rock and arena rock on an epic scale. Rob Sheffield of "Rolling Stone" indicated that the album provides ballads that are Green Day's most polished; he claimed that the band "combine punk-thrash with their newfound love of classic-rock grandiosity". MTV compared the material to that of classic rockers like The Who, while "Spin" called the title track "Green Day's most epic song yet". Cool has remarked: "It's important to us that we're still looked at as a punk band. It was our religion, our higher education". However, he also noted that Armstrong had delved into the past in writing "21st Century Breakdown", gleaning inspiration from the artists who shaped rock music. Armstrong himself has stated: "Ground zero for me is still punk rock. I like painting an ugly picture. I get something uplifting out of singing some of the most horrifying shit you can sing about. It's just my DNA."


title: 21st Century Breakdown

text: With a running time of almost 70 minutes, "21st Century Breakdown" is Green Day's longest album to date.


title: 21st Century Breakdown

text: Critics have labeled "21st Century Breakdown" as pop-punk, punk rock, power pop, arena rock, post-punk, alternative rock, and pop rock.


title: 21st Century Breakdown

text: Green Day commenced work on the record in January 2006. The writing and recording process spanned three years and four California recording studios, and it was finished in April 2009. On February 9, 2009, Green Day announced the album title and that the record would be split into three acts: "Heroes and Cons", "Charlatans and Saints", and "Horseshoes and Handgrenades". On March 17, a teaser trailer for "21st Century Breakdown" was posted on the band's website. The international release date of May 15 was announced on March 25. In early April 2009, Green Day premiered "Know Your Enemy" on television; a portion of the song was used as introductory music to the 2009 NCAA men's basketball tournament championship game. The band first performed "21st Century Breakdown" in full during a string of California club shows in April 2009. At each show, concertgoers were given programs containing all of the album's lyrics. The first single, "Know Your Enemy", was released on April 16, 2009, and soon after the world premiere of the song's music video occurred on April 24 on the MTV UK website.


title: 21st Century Breakdown

text: "21st Century Breakdown" was released internationally on May 15, 2009, through Reprise Records. The special edition vinyl version was limited to 3,000 copies and consisted of three 10" records, one for each of the album's "acts", a CD copy of the album, a 60-page art booklet, and a code for the digital download of the full album. The album artwork process was led by Chris Bilheimer and is based on a work from artist Sixten, who confirmed that the couple on the cover were "just friends of a friend at a party in Eskilstuna, Sweden" and explained that a mutual friend snapped a picture of the pair kissing. He added: "I love their passion, and just had to make a stencil out of it to spread the love." The cover art was noted for a marked similarity with that of Blur's 2003 album "Think Tank", itself a stencil by artist Banksy, except that one had the couple wearing diving helmets. Green Day showcased a collection of similarly themed art, called "The Art of Rock", at an art exhibition in London between October 23 and November 1, 2009. The "kissing couple" on the cover later was re-created in the music video for "21 Guns".


title: 21st Century Breakdown

text: The record debuted at number one on the "Billboard" 200 in the U.S., where it sold 215,000 copies in its first week, which was a shortened three days. In its second week, 21st Century Breakdown moved an additional 166,000 copies, sliding to number 2. In its third week, it sold 76,000 copies. 21st Century Breakdown slid down to number five in its fourth week but achieved the coveted Gold status for sales of 500,000 copies in the same week. chart. The album remained at number one on the "Billboard" Top Rock Albums chart for three weeks. In the United Kingdom, the album debuted at #1, selling 79,770 copies in its first week and it has sold over 600,000 copies to date. In Canada, the album debuted at #1 on the Canadian Albums Chart, selling 30,000 copies in its first week. The album debuted at the top of sales charts in twenty four total countries, including a peak of number one on the European Top 100 Albums. "21st Century Breakdown" was only released in a Parental Advisory version containing explicit lyrics and content; Walmart refuses to sell albums with a Parental Advisory sticker and requested that Green Day release a censored edition. The band members responded by stating: "There's nothing dirty about our record... They want artists to censor their records in order to be carried in there. We just said no. We've never done it before. You feel like you're in 1953 or something." The second single, "21 Guns", was released to radio stations on May 25. The band embarked on a world tour in July 2009; the North American leg lasted through September and the European leg ended in November. "East Jesus Nowhere" was released as the album's third single on October 19, 2009.