title: Kenworth

text: Kenworth Australia started building the new range of trucks tying in their 2008 release with the model range being the '08 Series'. This includes the following conventional (bonneted) models; in approximate order of smallest to largest: the T358/A, T408SAR, T408, T608, T658, T908 and C508. The only cab over truck built was the K108, which was very popular in the B-Double market segment owing to its shorter length.


title: Kenworth

text: In the early 2000s Kenworth introduced to Mexico the T604, based on the Australian T604 with a few modifications, mostly in the hood.


title: Kenworth

text: Kenworth currently has manufacturing plants in Chillicothe, Ohio; Renton, Washington, US; Sainte-Thérèse, Quebec, Canada; Bayswater, Victoria, Australia (Kenworth Australia); and Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico.


title: Kenworth

text: Bus production was a mainstay at Kenworth during the early years of company history; at one time, buses were its most lucrative form of business. When the company was still known as Gerlinger Motor Car Works, their first two full-chassis vehicles were school buses based on the Gersix truck chassis.


title: Kenworth

text: In 1926, Kenworth developed a chassis specifically for school and transit bus operators, known as the BU. The BU model sported a wheelbase of that was expanded two more inches in 1927, and could be fitted with bodies ranging from 21 to 29 passengers. The BU model also heralded the return of the Buda six-cylinder engine, and remained the company's principal offering through 1931. The new model became so popular in the Pacific Northwest that production rose from 99 units in 1927 and 127 units in 1927, to 230 units by 1930.


title: Kenworth

text: By that time, the predominant number of BU models produced were sent to school bus body builders and were built for use in school districts throughout the Seattle and Puget Sound area of Washington state.


title: Kenworth

text: Kenworth continued expanding into bus production throughout the 1930s, despite the Great Depression being a major influence. To assist Kenworth's 80 factory workers - who were idled by the Depression, the company undertook a bold move by introducing a new line of buses in August 1932. Known as the KHC-22 (Kenworth - Heiser - City), the 23-passenger bus was developed by Kenworth engineers as a stock demo vehicle to help aid a glum sales picture, and to jumpstart the local economy. At a time of mild economic recovery, the KHC22 proved to be very popular and sparked a renewed interest in Kenworth buses. Major operators of the KHC-22 (later expanded to a wheelbase, 33-passenger KHC-33, in September 1933) were the Portland Railway, Light & Power Company of Portland, Oregon, and Spokane United Railways.


title: Kenworth

text: Production of Kenworth buses continued throughout the 1930s and into the early 1940s, and during this time Kenworth was manufacturing bus chassis for body builders such as Wentworth and Irwin (later renamed Wentwin), and Heiser. Heiser, long an often chosen body for school buses bearing Kenworth chassis, would later be purchased by Pacific Car and Foundry Company in 1937.


title: Kenworth

text: In 1933, Kenworth also released its most popular and successful line of transit bus, a conventional styled bus based on their Model 86 heavy duty truck. Powered by a Hercules JXCM engine, the model 870 as it was known, would soon be replaced by a model 871, which became Kenworth's standard line of buses throughout the early and mid-1930s. Experiments with "deck-and-a-half" buses would soon follow, made reality in the W-1 model, as well as the company's very first experiments with rear-engine coach-type buses in 1936.


title: Kenworth

text: Kenworth changed its production line early in 1939, reflecting a desire to remain "in tune" with market forces. The conventional bus chassis, which had become poor sellers, were dropped altogether, and Kenworth focused its designs on more transit or "coach-type" buses with engines being located either underfloor or at the back of the bus.


title: Kenworth

text: By this time, Kenworth was a major force in transit bus production, and nearly every major transit company in the Pacific Northwest were running Kenworth buses. Seattle Municipal Railway purchased several new model 601s to replace the previous model H30s, which were powered by a Hall-Scott 135 engine underfloor and had bodies built by the Pacific Car and Foundry Company. Kenworth also built a model 612, which became the company's most widely distributed underfloor coach. 27 were built with 14 wheelbase variations (and seven engine variations), and all 27 were sold by as many as 15 different operators.


title: Kenworth

text: At the beginning of the decade, bus customers began to decline in number, but the company received larger orders as several regional operators consolidated into larger, territorial ones. Bremerton Transit purchased several buses in 1940 to accommodate the increase in ridership due to the preparations for the war itself; the same year, the Seattle Municipal Railway purchased 30 buses in a single order, assisting Kenworth in breaking a production record. Producing about 40 buses yearly, Kenworth became a low-volume bus manufacturer, accommodating special-order coaches. Gray Line affiliates Seattle, Portland, and Vancouver purchased several of these special coach orders known as Grayliner or Grayliner Junior buses; the bodies for these buses were all built by Pacific Car and Foundry.


title: Kenworth

text: At the onset of World War II, war production took precedence over bus manufacturing as Kenworth supplied recovery vehicles for the U.S. Army. Along with military variations of their commercial truck line, Kenworth buses remained in production for use as troop transports. In 1945, Kenworth was sold to Pacific Car and Foundry; both companies believed bus production would play a pivotal role in jumpstarting a postwar economy. Kenworth also saw the opportunity in hiring former military truck and aircraft workers as part of launching its post-war product line. For 1946, Kenworth launched four new model lines of buses, deriving their model designations from the first four letters of the company name. The Model K was a line of small intercity/interurban buses; the Model E, a trolley coach; the Model N, a city transit bus; the Model W, an intercity bus.


title: Kenworth

text: Subsequently, Kenworth added the Model O one-door transit bus and Model T prototype school bus. Ultimately, the company built trolley buses for just one city – a single order of 50 of model E2 built in 1947–48 for the Portland Traction Company, in Portland, Oregon.


title: Kenworth

text: Outwardly similar in appearance, the Model K intercity/interurban and Model W intercity bus differed in function, size, and layout. The Model K was shorter, with a capacity of 25-33 passengers; the longer Model W seated 31-41 passengers. The Model K was equipped with a rear-mounted International Red Diamond RD450 while the Model W used a horizontally-mounted underfloor Hall-Scott 190 engine. The Model N, in its original configuration, was a 36-44 passenger bus; after the design found no takers, the vehicle was downsized in 1947 to a 32-36 passenger bus.


title: Kenworth

text: After 1947, Kenworth revised its model designations, assigning numerals to its model lines to signify evolutionary variants of each design.


title: Kenworth

text: As production orders for the interurban model Ks and model Ws waned, Kenworth focused its attention on special orders including an order of 10 "Brucks" for Great Northern Railway in Montana, (an earlier version was built for Northern Pacific Transport, but was a split-level coach) and several Highway Post Office coaches.


title: Kenworth

text: These "special order coaches" were based on the Model T school bus, which entered production in early 1949. The company also test-marketed a small 20-passenger bus known as the Carcoach (only one example was built).


title: Kenworth

text: The Model T school bus, which entered production after the last bus was built for Great Northern in April 1949, was an immediate hit with many school bus operators in the Pacific Northwest. The T-126 as it was known, boasted a unique four-pane windshield that offered unheralded forward visibility in any school bus at the time, and was the first school bus ever built to feature a roof escape hatch (now required equipment). Production of the T-126 averaged over 375 buses per year, making it Kenworth's most lucrative bus offering in the company's history up to that time.


title: Kenworth

text: Shortly after its launch, Kenworth renamed the line the model CT. The model CT also came in several varying passenger capacities ranging from 55, 61, 67, 73, and 79 passengers. The model CT "Pacific School Coach" was powered by an International Red Diamond 450 inline six-cylinder gas engine placed at the rear of the bus, and a LeRoi H540 engine was made available for an LR-73 model that was produced in August 1950. Some orders for modified model CTs were made available and sold internationally, with variants being sold to Uruguay and Venezuela, as well as the Middle East.


title: Kenworth

text: After the boon of school bus production, and to focus more on truck production due to a rising number of heavy duty truck orders, all bus production was shifted from Kenworth over to Pacific Car and Foundry in the middle of 1956. After some final cleanup, PC&F wound up completely outstanding orders for the Pacific School Coach in early 1957. Shortly afterwards, PC&F sold all rights, tooling, and equipment to school bus manufacturer Gillig Bros. of Hayward, California.


title: Kenworth

text: Following the acquisition, multiple features of the Model T/CT were integrated into the Gillig Transit Coach line of school buses; the model line was produced until 1982.


title: Kenworth

text: Kenworth's role in the transit and school bus industry has largely been forgotten. This is likely due to a number of factors including Kenworth's current status as a leading manufacturer of Class 8 heavy-duty semi trucks, and the fact that hardly any examples of Kenworth-built buses exist today (with exception of a few surviving model CT-73 "Pacific School Coach" buses and one remaining "Bruck").


title: Kenworth

text: In light of that fact, and having been a major builder of transit and school buses, interest in the history and preservation of the Pacific School Coach (as well as Kenworth's involvement in the transit and bus industry as a whole) has increased in recent years, especially in the Pacific Northwest where Kenworth's buses were most commonly found. The Gillig Transit Coach / Pacific SchoolCoach Online Museum, a website focusing on preserving Gillig's line of earlier-built school buses, was expanded shortly after its 2001 launch to include the history of the Kenworth-Pacific SchoolCoach. It has since expanded even further to include the entire history of Kenworth's involvement in the public transportation industry, as well as their local dominance in the school bus industry throughout the 1950s.


title: Kenworth

text: In 2006, at the American Truck Historical Society's 11th Annual Truck Show at the Mason County Fairgrounds in Shelton, WA, a historical society dedicated to preserving the Gillig Transit Coach and Kenworth-Pacific School Coach was officially dedicated.


title: Kenworth

text: The brand claims to maintain an image of high quality, it has won five of six JD Power Awards in 2005, and was a clear sweep in the 2007 J.D. Power Awards for Heavy Duty Truck Product Satisfaction.


title: The Style Council

text: The Style Council were a British band formed in late 1982 by Paul Weller, the former singer, songwriter and guitarist with the punk rock/new wave/mod revival band the Jam, and keyboardist Mick Talbot, previously a member of Dexys Midnight Runners, the Bureau and the Merton Parkas. The band enabled Weller to take his music in a more soulful direction.


title: The Style Council

text: The permanent line-up grew to include drummer Steve White and Weller's then-girlfriend, vocalist Dee C. Lee. Other artists such as Tracie Young, Tracey Thorn (Everything but the Girl), and drummer/percussionist Steve Sidelnyk (who has played for Madonna, Seal, Richard Ashcroft) also performed and collaborated with the group. As with Weller's previous band, most of the London-based group's hits were in their homeland, where they scored seven top 10 hits. The band also had hit singles and albums in Australia and New Zealand during the 1980s.


title: The Style Council

text: The band was founded in late 1982 by Paul Weller and initially consisted only of himself and Mick Talbot, who Weller said he chose because "he shares my hatred of the rock myth and the rock culture". The band showed a diversity of musical styles. Singles "Speak Like a Child" (with its loud soul-influenced style), the extended funk of "Money-Go-Round", and the synth-ballad "Long Hot Summer" all featured Talbot on keyboards and organ, and reached number 4, number 11 and number 3 respectively on the UK Singles Chart. Near the end of 1983, these songs were compiled on "Introducing The Style Council", a mini-album initially released in the US, Canada, Japan, and the Netherlands only. The Dutch version was heavily imported to the United Kingdom. In November 1983 the single "A Solid Bond in Your Heart" reached number 11 on the UK singles chart.


title: The Style Council

text: In February 1984 the single "My Ever Changing Moods" became their third Top 10 hit on the UK Singles Chart, peaking at number 5. The debut album "Café Bleu", released a month later, entered the UK Albums Chart at number 2. A mixture of many styles including jazz, soul, pop and funk, featuring guest vocalists and not including any of the previous singles (except a different version of "My Ever Changing Moods") it left some fans confused and critics divided. Still, the album spent 36 weeks on the chart and was followed by two further Top 10 singles, "You're the Best Thing" in May and "Shout to the Top" in October.


title: The Style Council

text: In 1984, the band undertook a brief tour of the United States. This led to modest chart success with the single "My Ever Changing Moods", which reached No. 29 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 the following month. The song remains the group's and Weller's highest charting US single, including his period with the group The Jam and also as a solo artist.


title: The Style Council

text: In the UK, the group reached the height of its popularity with the release of "Our Favourite Shop", which entered the UK album chart at number 1 immediately following its release in June 1985 (only to be supplanted by Bryan Ferry's "Boys and Girls" a week later). It notched up a total of 13 weeks in the top 40 (including a re-entry in October), of which three weeks were spent in the top 10. The preceding single "Walls Come Tumbling Down" reached number 6 on the singles chart, while "Come to Milton Keynes" and "The Lodgers" reached number 23 and 13 respectively. A fourth single "Boy Who Cried Wolf" was released in the US and was a chart hit in New Zealand. In 2015, "Our Favourite Shop" was included in a list of 50 albums released in 1985 which, according to the "NME", "still sound great today".


title: The Style Council

text: Together with "You're the Best Thing" (from "Café Bleu") and "The Big Boss Groove", two songs from the album – "Internationalists" and "Walls Come Tumbling Down" – were played by the band at the UK Live Aid concert, where they appeared second in the running order at Wembley Stadium between Status Quo and the Boomtown Rats. The international exposure, however, did little to boost the group's career, and future commercial success was largely confined to their home country.


title: The Style Council

text: Following the live album "Home and Abroad" in 1986 the band released the album "The Cost of Loving" to mixed reviews in 1987. It reached number 2 on the albums chart. The single from the album, "It Didn't Matter" reached number 9 on the singles chart.


title: The Style Council

text: From this point the band however had started to experience a critical and commercial decline. In 1988 "Confessions of a Pop Group" became the first of their albums that failed to reach the top 10. It entered the albums chart at number 15 and dropped out of the chart a few weeks later. The singles "Life at a Top People's Health Farm" and "How She Threw It All Away" also made brief chart appearances, peaking at number 28 and 41 respectively.


title: The Style Council

text: In 1989, members of The Style Council went under the name of King Truman to release a single on Acid Jazz titled "Like a Gun". This was unknown to Polydor, and the single was pulled from the shops three days prior to release. Acid Jazz founder Eddie Piller said: "The pair offered to make a single for my new label, which I'd just started with Radio 1 DJ Gilles Peterson as a side project. Talbot and Weller took pseudonyms Truman King and Elliott Arnold."


title: The Style Council

text: The cover version of "Promised Land" (originally by Joe Smooth) was the only release which surfaced from the "Modernism" sessions at the time; however, the entire album was released in 1998, both independently and in a 5-CD box set, "The Complete Adventures of The Style Council". After the split, Weller embarked on a successful solo career (which featured Steve White on drums, who had left the Style Council by the time "Confessions of a Pop Group" was released, having only played on a few of its tracks). Talbot and White released two albums as Talbot/White—"United States of Mind" (1995) and "Off the Beaten Track" (1996). Talbot and White then formed the Players with Damon Minchella and Aziz Ibrahim. White and Minchella went on to form Trio Valore whilst Talbot went touring with Candi Staton in 2009.


title: The Style Council

text: All the Style Council's UK releases (including singles, 12" maxis, albums, compact discs and re-issues thereof) featured the work of graphic designer Simon Halfon, who often collaborated with Weller to hone his ideas into a graphic form. Weller and Halfon began working together at the end of the Jam's career, and continue to work together on Weller's solo material.


title: The Style Council

text: Weller, Talbot, Lee and White met for a recording session of "It's a Very Deep Sea" in August 2019. The session was featured in the 2020 Sky Arts documentary "Long Hot Summers: The Story of the Style Council", and a career-spanning audio compilation of the same name was released.


title: The Style Council

text: In December 1984, Weller put together an ensemble called The Council Collective to make a charity record, "Soul Deep", initially to raise money for striking miners during a long-running industrial dispute, and subsequently also for the family of David Wilkie. The track featured the Style Council and a number of other performers, notably Jimmy Ruffin and Junior Giscombe. The song received airplay on BBC Radio 1 and was performed by the group on "Top of the Pops", as well as (live) on Channel 4's "The Tube".


title: The Style Council

text: In their lyrics, the Style Council took a more overtly political approach than the Jam, with tracks such as "Walls Come Tumbling Down!", "The Lodgers" and "Come to Milton Keynes" being deliberate attacks on 'middle England' and the Thatcherite policies of the UK government during the 1980s. In 1985, Weller was persuaded by Billy Bragg to let the Style Council play a leading role in Red Wedge, a youth-orientated political campaign associated with the British Labour Party. Although his views at the time have since been described as those of a "traditional British socialist", in 2014 Weller admitted the experience had left him feeling "exploited" by politicians, noting further that: "Before the Wedge, the Style Council had done a lot independently, raised a lot of money in benefits. But after the Wedge we were so disillusioned it all stopped. We were totally cynical about all of it." In a previous interview, whilst asserting that there was still "a place for outspokenness" in popular music, Weller had pointed out he was "first and foremost" a musician, and stated: "In the '80s, in the Style Council, we were involved with a lot of political things going on at that time. I think after a while that overshadowed the music a bit."


title: Rage (video game)

text: Rage is a first-person shooter video game developed by id Software and published by Bethesda Softworks, released in November 2010 for iOS, in October 2011 for Microsoft Windows, the PlayStation 3, and the Xbox 360, and in February 2012 for OS X. It was first shown as a tech demo at the 2007 Apple Worldwide Developers Conference and was announced at the QuakeCon. "Rage" uses id Software's id Tech 5 game engine and is the final game released by the company under the supervision of founder John Carmack.


title: Rage (video game)

text: "Rage" is set in a post-apocalyptic near future, following the impact of the asteroid 99942 Apophis on Earth. Players take control of Nicholas Raine, a soldier put into hibernation in an underground shelter who emerges into the wasteland a century later, and finds himself a wanted man by an oppressive organization known as The Authority. The game has been described as similar to the movie "Mad Max 2", and video games such as "Duke Nukem", "Fallout" and "Borderlands".


title: Rage (video game)

text: "Rage" received mainly positive reviews, with reviewers praising the game's combat mechanics, gameplay and graphics while criticizing the lack of story, characters, and direction. The iOS version, titled Rage: Mutant Bash TV, was released in 2010. A sequel, "Rage 2", was released on May 14, 2019.


title: Rage (video game)

text: The game primarily consists of first-person shooter and driving segments, with the player using their vehicle to explore the world and travel between missions.


title: Rage (video game)

text: Combat is undertaken from a first-person perspective; the player is armed with a variety of upgradeable firearms, as well as a crossbow, and boomerang-like weapons called "wingsticks" which can be used for stealthy attacks. There are several types of ammunition available for each weapon, to allow the player to further customize their play style. As an example, the crossbow's primary ammunition is metal bolts, but it also can shoot electrified bolts, explosive bolts, and more. There are two standard varieties of enemies: enemies with firearms which will take cover and exchange fire with the player, and melee enemies that will charge the player and attack with melee weapons.


title: Rage (video game)

text: There are a variety of vehicular events for the player to take part in, including races and checkpoint rallies. Racing events may or may not have opponents, and some of them are armed races while others are not. Players can augment their cars with various items and upgrades they can gain by completing events. "Rage" features some role-playing elements, including an inventory system, looting system, and different types of ammo. Players have the option to customize their weapons and vehicles, as well as build a wide assortment of items using collected recipes. Vehicles be used for racing and for traveling from one location to the other with occasional attacks from enemy vehicles. There are side missions and several other minor exploratory elements.


title: Rage (video game)

text: "Rage" has two multiplayer modes: Road Rage and Wasteland Legends. In Road Rage, up to four players compete in a free-for-all match that takes place in an arena designed to make use of the vehicles. The goal is to collect rally points that appear around the arena while killing one's opponents and stealing their points. Legends of the Wasteland is a series of two-player co-op missions based on stories that are heard throughout the single-player campaign. A total of nine objectives are in this game type.


title: Rage (video game)

text: On August 23, 2029, asteroid 99942 Apophis collides with Earth, destroying human civilization and turning the world into a wasteland. Survivors come together to form settlements around oases and other practical or habitable locations, while the wastes are plagued by various bandits clans, and mutants, who attack all normal humans in a voracious horde.


title: Rage (video game)

text: In 2135, former U.S. Marine Lieutenant Nicholas Raine emerges from an underground shelter called an Ark, 106 years after being put into stasis. These underground shelters are the direct result of the Eden Project, a massive international undertaking in which hundreds of Arks, containing cryogenic pods, were sealed under the surface of the Earth to preserve enough of the human population to rebuild civilization after the asteroid collision. The Eden Project was far less successful than hoped, as Raine's Ark, in particular, was heavily damaged, with all of its other residents dead and equipment destroyed, and he wakes up alone with no specific goal in mind.


title: Rage (video game)

text: Raine enters the surface, where he is immediately attacked by bandits but is saved by Dan Hagar (voiced by John Goodman), a local wasteland settler who brings Raine to his settlement. Hagar informs him that a powerful technologically advanced organization known as the Authority, which considers itself the one true government of the wasteland, is hunting for Ark survivors for an unknown purpose. Raine briefly aids Hagar's settlement and others in the local area by completing a few small jobs, and during this time it is revealed that the nanotrites injected into Raine's blood before he was sent into hibernation have granted him superhuman abilities to help him survive the harsh environment, but have made him valuable to the Authority. Hagar believes Raine's continued presence is too dangerous for the settlement and sends him to the nearby town of Wellspring instead.


title: Rage (video game)

text: In Wellspring, Raine helps the town with various problems such as fighting off bandits, mutants, and ferrying supplies. Eventually, he comes into contact with Dr. Kvasir, an elderly scientist who previously worked for the Authority, who tells Raine about the inhumane experiments they were responsible for, such as the creation of the mutants. Kvasir puts him into contact with the Resistance, an armed anti-Authority group, where he is tasked with rescuing their leader, Captain Marshall, who has recently been imprisoned by the Authority. Raine again attracts attention from the Authority, forcing him to flee Wellspring and join the Resistance at their headquarters in Subway Town, where he earns the trust of the town and its tyrannical mayor, Redstone. He also learns what had happened in the past century from Captain Marshall, who is an Ark survivor himself. General Martin Cross, who was in charge of the Eden Project, sabotaged the operation shortly before 99942 Apophis struck the Earth by ensuring that only the Arks with people loyal to him were opened on schedule, with this first wave of Ark survivors eventually forming the Authority. The remaining Arks were supposed to stay underground forever in hibernation, including Raine's Ark, which surfaced only because its systems were damaged and it automatically rose to protect any surviving inhabitants.


title: Rage (video game)

text: With the Authority beginning to forcefully expand its influence on the wasteland settlements, the Resistance is forced to act with the help of Raine who can recover data that shows the location of every Ark on the planet. Captain Marshall plans to use this data to activate all the Arks and form an army that can defeat the Authority, but the only way to do this is to transmit the data from Capital Prime, the main headquarters for the Authority. Alone, Raine fights his way through Capital Prime to transmit the Ark activation code, and the game concludes with all the remaining Arks simultaneously becoming active and surfacing.


title: Rage (video game)

text: According to design director Matt Hooper, the game's origins were in the concept of muscle cars within a desert setting, which was expanded upon by the creation of a post-apocalyptic world. A team of around 60 core developers worked on the game, which was intended to be the first release of an ongoing franchise.


title: Rage (video game)

text: "Rage" was intended to have an Entertainment Software Rating Board rating of Teen but received an M. The Windows and Xbox 360 versions are on three dual-layer DVDs, and the PlayStation 3 version is on one Blu-ray Disc. John Carmack has revealed that an uncompressed software build of "Rage" is one terabyte in size. The PS3, Windows, and OS X versions use OpenGL. A Linux version was speculated. Timothee Besset had stated that he would try to make Linux builds for "Rage" as he had done in the past, and was expected sometime in 2012 but he resigned. John Carmack has since tweeted that there are "no plans for a native Linux client". However, the Windows version is playable on Linux via Wine compatibility.


title: Rage (video game)

text: id announced its partnership with Electronic Arts for publication of "Rage". In March 2009, the company's CEO Todd Hollenshead said "No, it won't be out this year". A trailer and several screenshots were released on August 13, 2009, at QuakeCon where it showcased various locations, racing, and first-person gameplay, and a brief insight into the storyline. During Gamescom in Cologne, Germany, Electronic Arts released four new screenshots for "Rage".


title: Rage (video game)

text: In 2009, John Carmack stated id Software was not planning to support dedicated servers for the Windows version, and instead would use a matchmaking system like console games. ZeniMax Media, who had acquired developer id Software in June 2009, announced that it had the publishing rights to "Rage" and that EA would not be involved in the sales or marketing. The announcement also noted that the development of "Rage" had not been affected by the new deal. Creative director Tim Willits confirmed that the release would miss 2010 and would launch in 2011. Willits later accepted the award from IGN Media for "Best Game" and "Best First Person Shooter" at E3. Additionally, the game was awarded Best First-Person Shooter, Best New IP, Best Xbox 360, Windows, and PlayStation 3 game and the Game of the Show of E3 2010 by GameTrailers.


title: Rage (video game)

text: In his keynote speech at QuakeCon 2010 on August 12, 2010, Carmack announced that id was developing a "Rage"-related game for Apple's iOS. He later described the mobile "Rage" as a "little slice of "Rage" ... [about] "Mutant Bash TV", a post-apocalyptic combat game show in the "Rage" wasteland", and separately hinted that he might try to port "Rage Mobile" to Android, although he later stated no id games would be coming to Android due to lack of financial viability.


title: Rage (video game)

text: At QuakeCon 2011, Carmack offered many technical insights of the development and differences between the three main platforms of Windows, Xbox 360, and PlayStation 3, noting that it was not easy developing such an optimized engine to be able to smoothly run on consoles and still having the best artistically looking game on consoles. He also affirmed that the PC platform at the time was as much as 10 times faster than the current generation of gaming consoles, but this did not mean 10x the performance because of the extra layers of abstraction found in PC compatible operating systems. On September 16, 2011; Bethesda announced "Rage" had gone gold.


title: Rage (video game)

text: Bethesda vice president of public relations Pete Hines initially said that a demo of the game is not likely, although one was later released on the Xbox Live Marketplace. Those who pre-ordered the game would receive an automatic upgrade to the "Anarchy Edition" of the game, which included four exclusive in-game items. Tim Willits claimed modding tools will be available a couple of days after release, although this proved to not be true.


title: Rage (video game)

text: "Rage" appeared on fourth season episodes "Problem Dog" and "Hermanos" of "Breaking Bad", both broadcast in 2011, as a video game that Jesse Pinkman plays to try to shake off the memory of having killed another character. The inclusion had come from marketing opportunity discussions between id and AMC as mutual fans. Looking for video game material to include, id suggested "Rage". id took mostly pre-existing game areas (the Well area), but worked with the production of the show to include allusions and references to the murder to tie into Jesse's narrative within the game, such as the victim's name written on walls. From there, they provided a lot of pre-recorded game footage to AMC to work with. Though the show has Jesse playing "Rage" via a light gun, this was not part of the end development. In return, id included several "Breaking Bad" references in "Rage" on release, such as a version of the acrylic cube containing another character's teeth grill that Hank Schrader receives as a reward for killing him, from the second season episode "Bit by a Dead Bee".


title: Rage (video game)

text: A viral campaign was released that features Los Angeles Clippers power forward Blake Griffin in which he performs stunts to get himself in the game such as dunking over a tiger to impress the developers.


title: Rage (video game)

text: On October 4, 2011, the game was released. On February 2, 2012 "Rage" was released for OS X through digital distribution, lacking multiplayer content.


title: Rage (video game)

text: "Rage" was available for pre-order in three retail versions: the "Anarchy Edition" and two region-dependent Collector's Editions. Those who pre-ordered the standard edition of "Rage" automatically got their copy upgraded to Anarchy Edition. Two Collector's Editions of the game were also available; one through EB Games in Australia, the other through Game and Gamestation in the UK.


title: Rage (video game)

text: The version released for Mac OS X was called "Rage: Campaign Edition". This version contains all content of the "Anarchy Edition" and the Wasteland Sewer Missions DLC pack. Multiplayer is not present in this version. Only the single-player campaign is available hence the name of the edition.


title: Rage (video game)

text: The modding tools for "Rage" were originally going to be released with the game itself but instead were released on February 8, 2013, on Steam. Titled RAGE Tool Kit or simply id Studio, the tools were used to create the game as well as the DLC.


title: Rage (video game)

text: Downloadable content (DLC) was mentioned to be planned for all platforms. The "Wasteland Sewer Missions" DLC pack, integral part of the "Campaign Edition", was released on October 4, 2011, providing access to the sewer systems. A code for the DLC was given away as a pre-order bonus with the Anarchy Edition that allowed early and free access to the DLC. The player character is given a task by people of various cities to rid their city's sewers of the mutant infestation.


title: Rage (video game)

text: "Anarchy Edition" add-on DLC was released on 15 February 2012 containing all the content of the Anarchy Edition excluding the free Wasteland Sewer Missions Pack DLC code. The package upgrades the standard edition of "Rage" to the "Anarchy Edition".


title: Rage (video game)

text: A new Rage DLC release called "The Scorchers" was released on December 18, 2012, for Windows, Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3. The plot focused on 'The Scorchers', a bandit clan cut from the final release of the main game and only encountered in vehicle combat missions. The Scorchers were hatching a plan to end all life by destroying the Wasteland and it was up to the main character to save humanity. The DLC added a, "Ultra Nightmare" difficulty level and the ability to keep playing the game even after the main questline was completed. The pack features new characters, six new areas, new minigames, new enemies and a new weapon called Nailgun which features three distinct ammunition types. The DLC also fixes some bugs in the game.


title: Rage (video game)

text: In November 2010, id Software released "Rage: Mutant Bash TV" for iOS devices as a demo for showcasing its gameplay. The HD version called "Rage HD" was released for all iOS devices. John Carmack hinted that he intends to release another iPhone app based on the "Rage" universe that focuses on the racing aspect of the game.


title: Rage (video game)

text: In March 2011, Bethesda and Dark Horse Comics announced a three-issue comic book series based on "Rage". The original miniseries was written by Arvid Nelson, and penciled by Andrea Mutti. The cover art was created by Glenn Fabry. The comic series, developed with the direct participation of "Rage"s creative director, Tim Willits, presents a new twist on the post-apocalyptic near future as one woman discovers that the survival of humankind does not necessarily mean the survival of humanity. The Earth has been devastated by a collision with an asteroid, with a tiny fraction of the population surviving in life-sustaining Arks buried deep below its surface. Those who survive emerge to find a wasteland controlled by a global military dictatorship called the Authority. But a rescued scientist learns that the Authority has lied to her and the other survivors about how this new world came to be.


title: Rage (video game)

text: That month, Bethesda announced it would team up with Del Rey Books to create a novel based on "Rage". The novel was written by Matthew J. Costello, also responsible for the video game. It was released on August 30, 2011.


title: Rage (video game)

text: The game received much recognition before its release. It won the Game Critics Awards of E3 2010 for "Best Console Game", and "Best Action Game", along with the "Special Commendation for Graphics". IGN awarded its "Best Overall Game" and "Best Shooter" in its E3 2010 awards. It also won many of GameTrailers's E3 2010 awards, including "Best New IP", "Best First Person Shooter", "Best PS3 Game", "Best Xbox 360 Game", "Best PC Game", and "Game of the Show".


title: Rage (video game)

text: "Rage" received generally positive reviews on all platforms except the iOS version, which received average reviews, according to the aggregate review site Metacritic. The game received praise for its graphics, gameplay and combat mechanics, and criticism mostly aimed towards the game's story and poor out-of-the-box PC compatibility.


title: Rage (video game)

text: EGMNow praised the Xbox 360 version and stated it features impressive visuals, brutal and satisfying combat, fluid animations, advanced enemy AI, many entertaining side-missions, and an addictive multiplayer component. The one complaint was that the final boss fight was unsatisfying compared to the rest of the impressive combat scenarios. GameZone gave the same console version 8.5 out of 10 and called it "a great experience that's coupled with some intensely fun gunplay and some incredibly impressive graphics. It's not quite the "Borderlands" meets "Fallout" experience that gamers were expecting. It isn't very long, and it does skimp out on character development, but it focuses more on what id knows bestshooting things in the face. This is one post-apocalyptic wasteland that you'll definitely want to venture into." "Ars Technica" gave a more negative review of the Xbox 360 version, criticizing lack of story, undeveloped characters, uninteresting quests and a "broken save system" (autosave checkpoints being too far apart, forcing frequent manual saves which are slow on the Xbox 360), while acknowledging the quality of the visuals. "Edge" gave it seven out of ten and called it "a stunningly rendered FPS, but one that seems caught between a desire to innovate and the desire to be true to the template its creators defined".


title: Rage (video game)

text: "Game Informer" said that "while most people will rave about Rage's technology, this game's most impressive component is its gunplay ... the mutated hostiles of the wastes ... crawl out of the woodwork, scamper along walls, and create a sense of absolute terror", and "the challenge posed to the player is to put them down quickly or pray that every close range shotgun blast takes a large chunk of flesh." The soundtrack was described as "appropriately moody", and the animation system as one of the most "impressive" ever made. However, the review also argued that "the driving sections are no more than optional diversions" and "the lack of content in the overworld is disappointing". In conclusion, the story and overworld were described as "dated", but the "pulse-pounding gunplay" was hailed as "a nice change of pace" that "stands out in a crowded market". IGN praised the graphics, calling them some of the best, but criticized the game's story and forgettable characters. In Japan, where the game was ported on October 6, 2011 (the same release date as Australia's), "Famitsu" gave the PS3 and Xbox 360 versions a score of two nines, one eight, and one nine for a total of 35 out of 40.


title: Rage (video game)

text: 411Mania gave the PS3 version a score of eight out of ten and said it was "by no means a bad game. Id has a solid shooter with great graphics and solid controls. However, plenty of other games have done the same things now. "Rage" is still a good game and will tide shooter fans over until other shooters release later this year. Just don't expect anything groundbreaking here." "Digital Spy" gave the same console version four stars out of five and called it "a triumphant mix of vintage shooter mechanics and high-octane driving segments. The end result is a title that captures the essence of its genre-defining predecessors while offering fans something new. id's Tech 5 engine ensures that this is the studio's best-look release to date, and the sheer volume of features on offer make it one of the most rewarding." Softpedia gave the Xbox 360 version a score of four stars out of five and called it "a must-have, must-play game." "The Digital Fix" gave the same console version eight out of ten and called it "a sound purchase". "The Guardian" gave the same console version a similar score of four stars out of five and called it "a decidedly mixed affair. It isn't perfect, some of it feels quite antiquated, and it is by no means the high-water moment in the FPS genre that Doom and Quake were in their day. But it is still a very eye-catching and incredibly fun shooter, and in its best moments, it can't be matched for pure entertainment value."


title: Rage (video game)

text: However, "The Daily Telegraph" gave the Xbox 360 version three-and-a-half stars out of five and called it "a game that would have benefitted from being streamlined, with additional FPS levels replacing the awkward driving. It should have been an id game. Instead, it occupies this weird halfway-house between "Borderlands", "MotorStorm", and "Doom", not quite an RPG, not quite a racer and not quite an FPS." "The A.V. Club" gave the same console version a C+ and said that its "huge swaths ... are lifted wholesale from "Fallout 3", "Borderlands", and "BioShock", making "Rage" forever veer between loving homage and blatant plagiarism. In the end, "Rage" is an insecure, overly busy game that tries too hard to be too many things, and winds up with a greasy sheen of flop-sweat on its brow."


title: Rage (video game)

text: "Rage" was also recognized in several 2011 end-of-year award ceremonies. It was nominated for "Best Graphics" and "Best New Franchise" in Xbox Achievements' Game of the Year 2011 Awards. GameTrailers nominated it for "Best First Person Shooter" and "Best New IP". At the 2011 Spike Video Game Awards, it was nominated for "Best Graphics" and "Best Shooter". Technical issues with the PC version led to articles explaining to users how to "fix" "Rage"s problems. AMD has released drivers that attempt to fix some of the issues. On October 10, 2011, patches for the Windows version were released which added various graphical options to the game and fixed some driver-related graphical issues.


title: Rage (video game)

text: A sequel, "Rage 2", which is a joint development between id Software and Avalanche Studios, was released on May 14, 2019, for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One.


title: Plain White T's

text: Plain White T's are an American rock band from Lombard, Illinois, formed in 1997 by high school friends Tom Higgenson, Dave Tirio, and Ken Fletcher, and joined a short time later by Steve Mast. The group had a mostly underground following in Chicago basements, clubs, and bars in its early years.


title: Plain White T's

text: The band had a number-one hit song with "Hey There Delilah", which achieved platinum status in 2007 and earned two Grammy nominations. The songs "1234" and "Rhythm of Love" were also certified platinum in 2009 and 2011 respectively.


title: Plain White T's

text: The Plain White T's was formed in Lombard in early 1997. The group began as a trio, with Higgenson as singer and guitarist, Fletcher on bass guitar and Tirio on drums. The group played mostly local punk shows in Chicago's suburbs, eventually having gigs at the Metro in Chicago's Wrigleyville neighborhood. As the band began to establish itself in the local scene, a fourth member, Steve Mast, was recruited. He played lead guitar and sang backing vocals.


title: Plain White T's

text: Higgenson broke several vertebrae in a car crash in 1999 while driving the band's van. He was in a back brace for three months and had to learn to walk again. Higgenson changed his songwriting process, choosing songs that were more meaningful to him, and the band began taking its music career more seriously.


title: Plain White T's

text: In 2000, the band recorded its first album, titled "Come on Over". In 2002, the band self-financed the recording of "Stop", a full-length album that attracted the attention of Fearless Records. While the band toured in support for the album, both Fletcher and Mast left and were replaced by Tim Lopez and Mike Retondo. Shortly after in 2003, Tirio decided to switch from drumming to rhythm guitar and a new drummer named De'Mar Hamilton was added to the line-up.


title: Plain White T's

text: The 2005 release, "All That We Needed", was the first studio album from the reformed line-up, and featured the single "Hey There Delilah". In 2006 the band signed to Hollywood Records and recorded "Every Second Counts", featuring a new version of "Hey There Delilah" with a string section. "Every Second Counts" was released in September 2006. That same year, "Hey There Delilah" reached #1 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart for two weeks. The song was written for the track star Delilah DiCrescenzo, whom Higgenson had met in 2002. The song received two Grammy nominations, and "Every Second Counts" was certified gold. In early 2006, the band teamed up with Motion City Soundtrack for a winter/spring tour.


title: Plain White T's

text: In 2008, the group released the album "Big Bad World". The album had two hit singles: "1, 2, 3, 4" and "Natural Disaster". Both were on the American Top 40 at numbers 1 and 2 for three consecutive weeks. By late 2008, the band had joined the "Rock Band Live" tour with Panic! at the Disco, Dashboard Confessional and The Cab. Later that year, the band played at the Give It a Name festival in the UK. In 2007, the band performed the single "Our Time Now" on an episode of the Nickelodeon television series, "iCarly". "Our Time Now" was also played in commercials for the ABC Family dramedy series, "Greek".


title: Plain White T's

text: The band's "Rhythm of Love" single was the first to be released from the group's 2010 album, "The Wonders of the Younger". The song reached number five on the Hot AC chart, and was in the top ten in 2010 as well. In 2012, the band also covered The Ramones' "Pet Sematary" for the song soundtrack of the 2012 Disney film "Frankenweenie". "Should've Gone to Bed", a four-song EP, was released on April 9, 2013.


title: Plain White T's

text: The band left Hollywood Records after creative conflicts with the label during the production of the "American Nights" album. "American Nights" was released by Megaforce Records on March 31, 2015. The release date of "American Nights" was pushed back several times by their former record label, Hollywood Records. In 2015, they also appeared on Blues Traveler's album "Blow Up the Moon", co-writing the song "Nikkia's Prom." On November 22, 2015, the band released a music video for "American Nights" featuring Higgenson's son, Lennon.


title: Plain White T's

text: In May 2017, Plain White T's released a music video for their song "Land of the Living". The band, which had left their label Fearless in 2005, returned to the label. As of April 2017, the band has said that they are currently writing new music. The band performed "Hey There Delilah" at the 2017 Alternative Press Music Awards. In July 2017, the band closed the 2017 National Scout Jamboree, exactly 10 years after "Hey There Delilah" was number-one on the charts. In 2017, Plain White T's re-signed with Fearless Records. Their latest studio album, "Parallel Universe", was released on August 24, 2018.


title: Plain White T's

text: The following list includes a selection of television appearances made by the band and performances used by those and other shows:


title: Lists of erotic films

text: This chronological list of erotic films is organized by decade. There may be considerable overlap between erotica and other genres including drama, horror and comedy. The list attempts to document films which are more closely related to erotica, even if it bends genres. Erotic thrillers are listed on a separate page.


title: Merrily We Roll Along (film)

text: Merrily We Roll Along is an upcoming American coming-of-age musical comedy film written and directed by Richard Linklater based on the 1981 stage musical of the same name by Stephen Sondheim and George Furth, which is in turn adapted from the 1934 play of the same name by George S. Kaufman and Moss Hart. Jason Blum serves as a producer under his Blumhouse Productions banner.


title: Merrily We Roll Along (film)

text: Talented Broadway composer Franklin Shepard abandons his friends and career to become a Hollywood producer, told over the course of 20 years in reverse chronological order.


title: Merrily We Roll Along (film)

text: On August 29, 2019, Blumhouse Productions acquired the rights to make a "Merrily We Roll Along" film, with Richard Linklater directing the film and producing along with Ginger Sledge, Jason Blum, and Jonathan Marc Sherman. Ben Platt, Beanie Feldstein and Blake Jenner were cast to star in the film. Production on the film was announced to commence every couple of years to reflect the characters age over 20 years, similar to how "Boyhood" (also written and directed by Linklater) was shot over 12 years. The film is based on the latest version of Furth's book, which was adapted by Linklater into the film's screenplay.


title: Acral lentiginous melanoma

text: Acral lentiginous melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer that is not caused by sunlight. Melanoma is a group of serious skin cancers that arise from pigment cells (melanocytes); acral lentiginous melanoma is a kind of lentiginous skin melanoma. Acral lentiginous melanoma is the most common subtype in people with darker skins and is rare in people with lighter skin types. It is not caused by exposure to sunlight or UV radiation, and wearing sunscreen does not protect against it. Acral lentiginous melanoma is commonly found on the palms, soles, under the nails, and in the oral mucosa. It occurs on non-hair-bearing surfaces of the body, which have not necessarily been exposed to sunlight. It is also found on mucous membranes.


title: Acral lentiginous melanoma

text: The absolute incidence of ALM is the same for people of all skin colors, and has not changed significantly for decades. However, because rates of other melanomas are low in non-white populations, ALM is the most common form of melanoma diagnosed amongst Asian and sub-Saharan African ethnic groups. The average age at diagnosis is between sixty and seventy years.


title: Acral lentiginous melanoma

text: Warning signs are new areas of pigmentation, or existing pigmentation that shows change. If caught early, acral lentiginous melanoma has a similar cure rate as the other types of superficial spreading melanoma.


title: Acral lentiginous melanoma

text: Acral lentiginous melanoma is a result of malignant melanocytes at the membrane of the skin (outer layers). The pathogenesis of acral lentiginous melanoma remains unknown at this time. It is not caused by sunlight or UV radiation.


title: Acral lentiginous melanoma

text: Although the ideal method of diagnosis of melanoma is complete excisional biopsy, alternatives may be required according to the location of the melanoma. Dermatoscopy of acral pigmented lesions is very difficult but can be accomplished with diligent focus. Initial confirmation of the suspicion can be done with a small wedge biopsy or small punch biopsy. Thin deep wedge biopsies can heal very well on acral skin, and small punch biopsies can give enough clue to the malignant nature of the lesion. Once this confirmatory biopsy is done, a second complete excisional skin biopsy can be performed with a narrow surgical margin (1 mm). This second biopsy will determine the depth and invasiveness of the melanoma, and will help to define what the final treatment will be. If the melanoma involves the nail fold and the nail bed, complete excision of the nail unit might be required. Final treatment might require wider excision (margins of 0.5 cm or more), digital amputation, lymphangiogram with lymph node dissection, or chemotherapy.


title: Acral lentiginous melanoma

text: The main characteristic of acral lentiginous melanoma is continuous proliferation of atypical melanocytes at the dermoepidermal junction. Other histological signs of acral lentiginous melanoma include dermal invasion and desmoplasia.


title: Acral lentiginous melanoma

text: According to Scolyer "et al.", ALM "is usually characterized in its earliest recognisable form as single atypical melanocytes scattered along the junctional epidermal layer".


title: Acral lentiginous melanoma

text: Therapies for metastatic melanoma include the biologic immunotherapy agents ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, and nivolumab; BRAF inhibitors, such as vemurafenib and dabrafenib; and a MEK inhibitor trametinib.


title: Acral lentiginous melanoma

text: It has been demonstrated that acral lentiginous melanoma has a poorer prognosis compared to that of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM).


title: Duff Goldman

text: Jeffrey Adam "Duff" Goldman is a pastry chef, television personality, and cookbook author. He is the executive chef of the Baltimore-based Charm City Cakes shop, which was featured in the Food Network reality television show "Ace of Cakes", and his second, Los Angeles-based, shop Charm City Cakes West, which is featured in Food Network's "Duff Till Dawn" and "Cake Masters" series. His work has also been featured on the "Food Network Challenge", "Iron Chef America", "Oprah", "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno", "Man v. Food", "Buddy vs. Duff", "Duff Takes the Cake", and "Duff's Happy Fun Bake Time".


title: Duff Goldman

text: Goldman was born in Detroit, Michigan, to a Jewish family. He moved shortly thereafter to Missouri. Goldman's nickname Duff came about when he was a baby. His toddler brother, Willie Goldman, was unable to pronounce Jeffrey and kept saying Duffy. When he was four, his mother caught him in her kitchen wielding a meat cleaver and watching food personality Chef Tell.


title: Duff Goldman

text: After the divorce of his parents when he was ten, Goldman spent time living in both Northern Virginia and in the town of Sandwich on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. In 1992, Goldman attended McLean High School in McLean, Virginia where he played on the Highlanders ice hockey team. In 1993, he graduated from Sandwich High School in Sandwich.


title: Duff Goldman

text: From the age of fourteen, he began to work in kitchens; his first job was at a bagel store at a mall. Goldman also worked as a fry cook at McDonald's. Goldman has said that when he was a sophomore in college, he went to what he considered the finest restaurant in Baltimore, "Charleston", and was inspired to apply as a cook there. The head chef, Cindy Wolf, looked at his résumé and noted that it consisted of irrelevant experience. However, Cindy did offer him a job to make cornbread and biscuits only, and this is what Goldman cites as the turning point in his career.


title: Duff Goldman

text: Shortly after college at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, he attended schools such as Corcoran College of Art and the Culinary Institute of America at Greystone in Napa Valley, California. After working under acclaimed chefs in California, including a stagiaire position at the French Laundry and as executive pastry chef of the Vail Cascade Hotel in Colorado, he returned to Washington, D.C., to work at Todd English's "Olives" restaurant baking bread.


title: Duff Goldman

text: In 2002, Goldman opened his own business called Charm City Cakes. Initially, his cake sales began as he worked out of his house in Charles Village in Baltimore, Maryland with the help of two assistants he employed. As demand grew, he hired more employees, hiring painters, architects, and sculptors to work in the bakery. Charm City Cakes frequently uses blow torches, as well as power tools such as grinders and drills to help create the underlying supports of cakes.


title: Duff Goldman

text: Goldman has made cakes for president Barack Obama's second inaugural ball in 2013, Tom Clancy, the cast of "Lost", the "30 Rock" cast (along with a cake prop), Sir Roger Moore, and for Katy Perry's "Birthday" video.


title: Duff Goldman

text: In 2012, Pursuing his passion for inspiring creativity in others, Duff founded the first ever do-it-yourself cake and cupcake decorating studio in Los Angeles called Duff's CakeMix. Duff believes there are artists in all of us and that cake decorating is an act of love, especially when done with or for others. The world wants to create, the world needs to create, and more than anything, the world needs cake. With people begging Duff to bring a studio near them, Duff decided in 2022 to partner with Fransmart the leading franchise development company for emerging brands, to grow the concept with franchise locations throughout North America and offer franchising opportunities to everyone asking.


title: Duff Goldman

text: Goldman has written three cookbooks: "Ace of Cakes: Inside the World of Charm City Cakes", "Duff Bakes: Think and Bake Like a Pro at Home," and "Super Good Baking for Kids."


title: Duff Goldman

text: In 2022, Goldman competed in season seven of "The Masked Singer" as "McTerrier" of Team Good. After the performance of Loverboy's "Working for the Weekend", McTerrier's mask accidentally came off and he had to shield his head while the panelists shielded their eyes until a crew member had to run out and put the mask back on. He was the first to be eliminated.


title: Duff Goldman

text: Goldman is a judge on several Food Network cooking competitions, such as Holiday Baking Championship, Spring Baking Championship and Kids Baking Championship. He co-hosts the last show with Valerie Bertinelli.


title: Duff Goldman

text: As of 2021, Goldman lives in Los Angeles, California. He played bass guitar in an indie-rock band called "...soihadto...". He later became the bass player in the band Foigrock (a play on foie gras and rock and roll). He states his alternate dream job would be to perform as a bass player with the band Clutch. Goldman has made a wedding cake for Clutch's lead singer, Neil Fallon. In addition, Fallon's younger sister and Goldman's friend from college, Mary Alice Fallon-Yeskey, works at Charm City Cakes as the office manager.


title: Duff Goldman

text: Goldman is Jewish. He is involved in Tzedakah. In an interview with , Goldman said "Tzedakah is very important to me. I’ve been so fortunate with everything that has happened to me, it would be a crime not to give back."


title: Duff Goldman

text: On April 2, 2018, Goldman proposed to Johnna Colbry, whom he later married. On September 25, 2019, Goldman spoke at Cornell University, discussing the importance of Jewish identity and tzedakah in his life. On August 8, 2020, the couple announced they were expecting their first child, expected in January 2021. In January 2021, their daughter Josephine Frances Goldman was born.


title: Garfield and Friends

text: Garfield and Friends is an American animated television series based on the comic strip "Garfield" by Jim Davis. The show aired on CBS as part of its Saturday morning children's lineup from September 17, 1988 to December 10, 1994.


title: Garfield and Friends

text: The show features animated story lines adapted from the comic strip "Garfield" and Davis's other comic strip "U.S. Acres". Mark Evanier was the show's head writer. Lorenzo Music provided the voice of Garfield the cat, the strip's title character, as he had done since "Here Comes Garfield" in 1982. Other voices present on the show included Thom Huge as Jon Arbuckle, Garfield's human owner, and Gregg Berger as Odie the dog. Berger and Huge also respectively voiced Orson Pig and Roy Rooster in the "U.S. Acres" segments. 121 episodes were made, each consisting of two "Garfield" segments and one "U.S. Acres" segment. All episodes have been released in the U.S. on five DVD sets by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment.


title: Garfield and Friends

text: "Garfield" is an American comic strip created by Jim Davis and started in 1978. The comic strip was first adapted into animated form in 1980 for the special "The Fantastic Funnies", but reached a wider audience in 1982 with the television movie "Here Comes Garfield" on CBS. "Garfield" was adapted into eleven more television movies for the network, ending with "Garfield Gets a Life" in 1991. "Garfield and Friends" was also made for CBS, and debuted on the network in 1988. The network first announced in April 1988 that the show would be joining the network's Saturday morning cartoon lineup alongside "The Adventures of Raggedy Ann and Andy" and "Superman".


title: Garfield and Friends

text: Each episode of "Garfield and Friends" typically consists of two segments adapted from "Garfield" and one adapted from "U.S. Acres", a comic strip also created by Davis which began in 1986. These segments featured original story lines written using the characters from each strip, although both segments featured original characters not present in the source material as well. Nearly every episode of the show was written or co-written by Mark Evanier.


title: Garfield and Friends

text: The segments adapted from "Garfield" feature the same primary characters as the comic strip. The title character, Garfield (voiced by Lorenzo Music), is a greedy and laid-back orange tabby cat. His owner is a human named Jon Arbuckle (voiced by Thom Huge), whose story lines include his failed attempts to date women and his frustrations of dealing with Garfield's mischief. Jon is also the owner of Odie (voiced by Gregg Berger), a yellow dog who is often the subject of Garfield's pranks. Other human characters in the "Garfield and Friends" segments include Dr. Liz Wilson (voiced by Julie Payne), who is Garfield's veterinarian; Herman Post (voiced by Gregg Berger), who is Jon's mailman; and Binky the Clown (voiced by Thom Huge), the star of his own television show within the series. Non-human characters include Nermal (voiced by Desirée Goyette), a young kitten who often visits Garfield to antagonize him; the Buddy Bears (voiced by Howard Morris, Gregg Berger, and Thom Huge), three bears who are also the star of their own television show; and Floyd (voiced by Gregg Berger), a mouse Garfield interacts with regularly.


title: Garfield and Friends

text: The second comic strip adapted for the series, "U.S. Acres", is set on a farm with various animals. The lead character is Orson (voiced by Gregg Berger), an imaginative pig who enjoys reading books. Accompanying him in these segments are Roy (voiced by Thom Huge), a loud-mouthed rooster who enjoys pranking the others, Wade (voiced by Howard Morris), a cowardly duck; Bo (voiced by Frank Welker) and Lanolin (voiced by Julie Payne), a pair of sheep who are brother and sister; and Booker and Sheldon (both voiced by Frank Welker), a pair of juvenile chickens. Orson's brothers Mort, Gort, and Wart (respectively voiced by Frank Welker, Thom Huge, and Howard Morris) regularly serve as antagonists within the "U.S. Acres" segments.


title: Garfield and Friends

text: Although the series was a success in the ratings at the time, it had become expensive to make and the Saturday morning cartoon format was in decline by the mid-1990s. Additionally, CBS as a whole was a distant third behind NBC and ABC for much of the series' run, and was in the middle of its cost-cutting by Laurence Tisch that resulted in CBS losing broadcasting rights to the National Football League for four years starting in 1994 and subsequently losing many longtime affiliates to Fox, which had outbid CBS for its NFL package. As a result, CBS proposed renewing the show for another season, albeit with significant budget cuts. Since the show did well in syndication, producers ended the series in 1994 with its seventh season.


title: Garfield and Friends

text: At the time of the series' release, critical reviews on it were generally negative. Charles Solomon of "The Los Angeles Times" wrote in 1988, "Garfield has lost all his feline qualities and become a crabby little man in a cat suit. With more than 3,500 "Garfield" products on the market, does anyone really need to see more of the character?" Gene Seymour of "The Pittsburgh Press" rated the show "D-", saying that the show "tries too hard to be hip" and "the jokes are flat".


title: Garfield and Friends

text: The quality of "Garfield and Friends" when compared with other 1980s animated television series is considered by animation historian Jerry Beck to "foreshadow the higher quality animation boom coming in the next decade". Hal Erickson says that ""Garfield and Friends" rapidly became the hub around which the rest of CBS' morning lineup was built," and it "seemed to get better with each passing season."


title: Garfield and Friends

text: In response to the financial success of "", 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released all seven seasons of "Garfield and Friends" to Region 1 DVD in five volume box sets, with each set having 24-25 episodes on three discs. Each set features an image of Garfield with a "U.S. Acres" character. These DVD sets show the original telecast versions, rather than the edited versions once seen in syndication and on cable networks. As of October 2013, these releases have been discontinued and are out of print.


title: Garfield and Friends

text: On May 25, 2016, 9 Story Media Group announced that they had acquired worldwide distribution rights to "Garfield and Friends" and planned to remaster the series in HD and re-release it on DVD. On January 15, 2019, 9 Story Media Group (distributed by Public Media Distribution through its SkipRope label) released a best-of set entitled "20 Garfield Stories" on DVD in Region 1. They have subsequently begun re-releasing the series on DVD in Region 1 in complete season sets; season 1 was released on July 16, 2019, season 2 was released on November 5, 2019, and season 3 was released on October 27, 2020. A 6-disc set titled "The Grumpy Cat Collection" containing the first three remastered seasons, was released on June 15, 2021.


title: Garfield and Friends

text: "Garfield and Friends" has been syndicated on television around the world, beginning in the late 1980s and remaining on air in present day. In Latin America, it played on Cartoon Network from 1993 to 2005, on Boomerang from 2005 to 2008, on Warner Channel from 1998 to 2002, and on Tooncast from 2008 to 2016. Currently, all four of these networks have lost the rights to the show. Televisa's Canal 5 also played the show for many years, from the mid-1990s to early 2000s.


title: Garfield and Friends

text: In Australia, "Garfield and Friends" began syndication on Network Ten from 1992 to 1999. It also aired on cable television on Nickelodeon for several years. Most recently it played on FOX8 from 2004 to 2006. But it came back and it was played on Eleven (Australian TV channel) from 2011 to 2014.


title: Garfield and Friends

text: The United Kingdom and the United States remain the highest syndicators of the show. In the UK, it appeared on CITV from 1989 through 2002 (10 minutes per episode), on Sky1 from 1998 to 2002 (also 10 minutes per episode), and on Boomerang from 2003 to 2006 with Season 1 and 2 only. It also appeared on The Children's Channel in reruns. It is unknown if it will ever return to the UK.


title: Garfield and Friends

text: In Ireland, "Garfield and Friends" aired on RTÉ TWO Monday to Friday at 6pm (followed by "Home and Away"); it replaced RTÉ teen magazine programme "Jo Maxi" and was eventually replaced by "The Simpsons".


title: Garfield and Friends

text: In the United States, the series appeared in syndication on local stations, distributed by The Program Exchange, between 1993 and 2006 (with broadcast stations running it into 2001). Only 73 episodes out of the 121 episodes were acquired by The Program Exchange. This was due to the producers selling syndication rights when the show was still on air and CBS wanting to keep the rights for certain episodes. Since the 73-episode syndication package performed well enough on stations already airing the show, acquiring the later episodes were deemed unnecessary. This syndication package also aired on TBS, TNT, and Cartoon Network from 1995 to 1997, and Nickelodeon from 1997 to 2000. In 2001, it appeared on Fox Family Channel (and later, ABC Family) until 2003. Toon Disney aired it from 2003 to 2005. Boomerang carried it from 2006 to 2007, and again from 2019 to 2021. As of November 2018, Boomerang's subscription video on demand site offers over 50 episodes of the series. Starz Encore also aired it on its family channel. The series later gained its own 24/7 Pluto TV channel on September 7, 2021. The series will air on Nicktoons starting on November 1, 2022.


title: Garfield and Friends

text: "Garfield and Friends" aired in Canada on the cable TV channel YTV from 1993 to 2001. The show was broadcast on Teletoon's 24-hour classic-animation network, Teletoon Retro, until the channel's shutdown on September 1, 2015.


title: Garfield and Friends

text: "Garfield and Friends" was also broadcast in New Zealand in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It aired on TV3 as part of a wrapper programme for children called "The Early Bird Show" by airing on weekday mornings and then on Saturday mornings when the show was shifted to only airing on weekend mornings. "Garfield and Friends" aired on that show up until its cancellation in 1992.


title: Garfield and Friends

text: The series was played on television in Singapore first airing on Channel 5 from 1990 to 1992 and later on Kids Central from 2004 to 2005.


title: Garfield and Friends

text: "Garfield and Friends" aired in South Africa on M-Net as part of their children's block "K-T.V." and was frequently shown numerous times. "Garfield and Friends" later aired on e.tv in the late 2000s.


title: Garfield and Friends

text: "Garfield and Friends" was originally syndicated by The Program Exchange between 1993 and 2006. Only 73 episodes out of the 121 episodes were acquired by The Program Exchange. This was due to the producers selling syndication rights when the show was still on air and CBS wanting to keep the rights for certain episodes. Since the 73-episode syndication package performed well enough on stations already airing the show, acquiring the later episodes were deemed unnecessary.


title: Garfield and Friends

text: In 2012, the series became available to purchase on the iTunes Store, Amazon Prime Video, and Google TV, along with the series being available to stream on Netflix and Hulu. The series is no longer available on any of the services in the United States as of 2018.


title: Garfield and Friends

text: On October 25, 2018, it was announced that the first 30 episodes of "Garfield and Friends" will be made available to stream on Boomerang, in remastered form, starting on November 1, 2018. All episodes from the first three remastered seasons are currently available to stream on Boomerang, while the remaining remastered seasons are available to stream on Tubi and Pluto TV.


title: Garfield and Friends

text: A new CGI series premiered in 2009. Many crew members on "Garfield and Friends" also worked on this series, such as executive producer/creator Jim Davis and co-writer/voice director Mark Evanier.


title: Garfield and Friends

text: Frank Welker replaced Lorenzo Music as the voice of Garfield due to Music's death in 2001, while Wally Wingert replaced Thom Huge as the voice of Jon Arbuckle due to Huge's retirement in the same year. Other familiar voice actors have also appeared, some of them reprising their roles (such as Gregg Berger as Odie and Herman Post).


title: Garfield and Friends

text: The series does not include the "U.S. Acres" series and characters, as well as other main characters from "Garfield and Friends". In one episode, Binky the Clown is mentioned, to which Garfield then replies, "My contract says he's not allowed to be in this series."


title: Owl of Athena

text: In Greek mythology, a little owl ("Athene noctua") traditionally represents or accompanies Athena, the virgin goddess of wisdom, or Minerva, her syncretic incarnation in Roman mythology. Because of such association, the bird—often referred to as the "owl of Athena" or the "owl of Minerva"—has been used as a symbol of knowledge, wisdom, perspicacity and erudition throughout the Western world.


title: Owl of Athena

text: The reasons for the association of Athena and the owl are uncertain. Some mythographers, such as David Kinsley and Martin P. Nilsson, suggest that she may descend from a Minoan palace goddess associated with birds and Marija Gimbutas claim to trace Athena's origins as an Old European bird and snake goddess.


title: Owl of Athena

text: On the other hand, Cynthia Berger theorizes about the appeal of some characteristics of owls—such as their ability to see in the dark—to be used as symbol of wisdom while others, such as William Geoffrey Arnott, propose a simple association between founding myths of Athens and the significant number of little owls in the region (a fact noted since antiquity by Aristophanes in "The Birds" and "Lysistrata").


title: Owl of Athena

text: In any case, the city of Athens seems to have adopted the owl as proof of allegiance to its patron virgin goddess, who, according to a popular etiological myth reproduced on the West pediment of the Parthenon, secured the favor of its citizens by providing them with a more enticing gift than Poseidon.


title: Owl of Athena

text: Owls were commonly reproduced by Athenians in vases, weights and prize amphoras for the Panathenaic Games.


title: Owl of Athena

text: The owl of Athena even became the common obverse of the Athenian tetradrachms after 510BC and according to Philochorus, the Athenian tetradrachm was known as "glaux" (γλαύξ, little owl) throughout the ancient world and "owl" in present-day numismatics. They were not, however, used exclusively by them to represent Athena and were even used for motivation during battles by other Greek cities, such as in the victory of Agathocles of Syracuse over the Carthaginians in 310BC—in which owls flying through the ranks were interpreted as Athena's blessing—or in the Battle of Salamis, chronicled in Plutarch's biography of Themistocles.


title: Owl of Athena

text: The association between the owl and the goddess continued through Minerva in Roman mythology, although the latter sometimes simply adopts it as a sacred or favorite bird. For example, in Ovid’s "Metamorphoses", Cornix the crow complains that her spot as the goddess' sacred bird is occupied by the owl, which in that particular story turns out to be Nyctimene, a cursed daughter of Epopeus, king of Lesbos.


title: Owl of Athena

text: As for ancient Roman folklore, owls were considered harbingers of death if they hooted while perched on a roof, and placing one of its feathers near someone sleeping could prompt him or her to speak and reveal their secrets.


title: Owl of Athena

text: The philosophical use of the metaphor of the mind as a "night owl" goes at least as far back as an analogy in Aristotle's "Metaphysics" between the day-blind eyes of "bats" and human intellect (Aristo., Met. II 993 b9-11). This more "negative" epistemological metaphor of a "night owl" was long transmitted through the philosophical tradition, e.g. Thomas Aquinas ("Summa contra gentiles", quaestio 45).


title: Owl of Athena

text: In affirmative contrast, the 19th-century German idealist philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel famously noted that "the owl of Minerva spreads its wings only with the falling of the dusk"; philosophy comes to understand a historical condition just as it passes away. Philosophy appears only in the "maturity of reality", because it understands in hindsight.


title: Owl of Athena

text: Klaus Vieweg describes it as "one of the most beautiful metaphors of the history of philosophy" in his Hegel biography. In a recent reconstruction, Hegel's "affirmative" metaphor, in opposition to the philosophical tradition, seems to originate between Goethe and a relative unknown, philosophical writer around 1795 in Jena, where Hegel stayed shortly after, giving lectures.


title: Bachelor Party (1984 film)

text: Bachelor Party is a 1984 American sex comedy film directed by Neal Israel, written by Israel and Pat Proft, and starring Tom Hanks, Adrian Zmed, William Tepper, and Tawny Kitaen. The film revolves around a bachelor party that a group of men throw for their friend Rick Gassko (Hanks) on the eve of his wedding and whether he can remain faithful to his fiancée Debbie (Kitaen).


title: Bachelor Party (1984 film)

text: Party animal Rick Gassko (Tom Hanks), who makes his living as a Catholic-school bus driver, decides to settle down and marry his girlfriend Debbie Thompson (Tawny Kitaen). After learning the news of the engagement, Rick's shocked friends, led by Jay (Adrian Zmed), decide to throw him an epic bachelor party. The bride's wealthy, conservative parents are unhappy with her decision, and her father enlists the help of Debbie's ex-boyfriend Cole Whittier (Robert Prescott) to sabotage her relationship with Rick and win her back.


title: Bachelor Party (1984 film)

text: While Debbie worries and goes off to a bridal shower thrown by her friends, Rick heads to the bachelor party, which takes place in a lavish, spacious hotel suite, and promises to remain faithful. Both parties start off on the wrong foot because of Cole's meddling. As the bachelor party starts to heat up, Debbie and the girls decide to get even with Rick and his friends by having a party of their own. Both parties eventually collide, leading to Debbie accusing Rick of infidelity.


title: Bachelor Party (1984 film)

text: The bachelor party becomes a wild, drunken orgy and the hotel room is trashed, which infuriates the hotel's frustrated manager (Kenneth Kimmins). Adding to the confusion is Rick's friend Brad, who has become despondent over the breakup of his marriage and botches several suicide attempts. When Brad tries to slit his wrists with an electric razor, Rick says, "Well...at least your wrists will be smooth and kissable."


title: Bachelor Party (1984 film)

text: Rick convinces Debbie of his love and faithfulness just as the party is raided by the police. In the ensuing melee, Rick and Debbie become separated and Cole kidnaps Debbie, so Rick and his friends chase after them. The chase culminates in a showdown between Rick and Cole in a 36-screen movie theater, with a fist fight taking place in synchronization with a similar fight being shown in a 3D film projected behind them; the audience believes that the real fight is an extraordinary 3D effect. Rick wins the fight and is reunited with Debbie.


title: Bachelor Party (1984 film)

text: After the wedding, Rick and Debbie are driven to the airport for their honeymoon in Rick's school bus, which is driven by a laughing Brad.


title: Bachelor Party (1984 film)

text: The idea for the film came from an actual bachelor party thrown by producer Ron Moler and a group of friends for fellow producer Bob Israel. Several members of the film's cast and crew were at that party when the idea began to take shape.


title: Bachelor Party (1984 film)

text: Reviews for "Bachelor Party" were mixed, holding a rating of 54% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 28 reviews. While some critics appreciated the humor, others found it to be vulgar and gratuitous. Film critics Roger Ebert and Janet Maslin both recommended the film, but had reservations about certain aspects, calling it "sophomoric" and "not a great film."


title: Bachelor Party (1984 film)

text: In a "Los Angeles Times" review, writer Kevin Thomas praised Hanks as "likable, spontaneous zany" but felt that the film was 15 minutes too long: "That extra 15 minutes allows for just enough repetition (and just enough lingering over as much outrageous sexual connotation that an R rating permits) to let heavy-handed tastelessness creep in and dampen the fun."


title: Bachelor Party (1984 film)

text: Twenty-four years after "Bachelor Party" was released, 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment produced a straight-to-DVD sequel (in name only) called "".


title: Phagocytosis

text: Phagocytosis () is the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle (≥ 0.5 μm), giving rise to an internal compartment called the phagosome. It is one type of endocytosis. A cell that performs phagocytosis is called a phagocyte.


title: Phagocytosis

text: In a multicellular organism's immune system, phagocytosis is a major mechanism used to remove pathogens and cell debris. The ingested material is then digested in the phagosome. Bacteria, dead tissue cells, and small mineral particles are all examples of objects that may be phagocytized. Some protozoa use phagocytosis as means to obtain nutrients.


title: Phagocytosis

text: Phagocytosis was first noted by Canadian physician William Osler (1876), and later studied and named by Élie Metchnikoff (1880, 1883).


title: Phagocytosis

text: Phagocytosis is one main mechanisms of the innate immune defense. It is one of the first processes responding to infection, and is also one of the initiating branches of an adaptive immune response. Although most cells are capable of phagocytosis, some cell types perform it as part of their main function. These are called 'professional phagocytes.' Phagocytosis is old in evolutionary terms, being present even in invertebrates.


title: Phagocytosis

text: Neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, osteoclasts and eosinophils can be classified as professional phagocytes. The first three have the greatest role in immune response to most infections.


title: Phagocytosis

text: The role of neutrophils is patrolling the bloodstream and rapid migration to the tissues in large numbers only in case of infection. There they have direct microbicidal effect by phagocytosis. After ingestion, neutrophils are efficient in intracellular killing of pathogens. Neutrophils phagocytose mainly via the Fcγ receptors and complement receptors 1 and 3. The microbicidal effect of neutrophils is due to a large repertoire of molecules present in pre-formed granules. Enzymes and other molecules prepared in these granules are proteases, such as collagenase, gelatinase or serine proteases, myeloperoxidase, lactoferrin and antibiotic proteins. Degranulation of these into the phagosome, accompanied by high reactive oxygen species production (oxidative burst) is highly microbicidal.


title: Phagocytosis

text: Monocytes, and the macrophages that mature from them, leave blood circulation to migrate through tissues. There they are resident cells and form a resting barrier. Macrophages initiate phagocytosis by mannose receptors, scavenger receptors, Fcγ receptors and complement receptors 1, 3 and 4. Macrophages are long-lived and can continue phagocytosis by forming new lysosomes.


title: Phagocytosis

text: Dendritic cells also reside in tissues and ingest pathogens by phagocytosis. Their role is not killing or clearance of microbes, but rather breaking them down for antigen presentation to the cells of the adaptive immune system.


title: Phagocytosis

text: Receptors for phagocytosis can be divided into two categories by recognised molecules. The first, opsonic receptors, are dependent on opsonins. Among these are receptors that recognise the Fc part of bound IgG antibodies, deposited complement or receptors, that recognise other opsonins of cell or plasma origin. Non-opsonic receptors include lectin-type receptors, Dectin receptor, or scavenger receptors. Some phagocytic pathways require a second signal from pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) activated by attachment to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS), which leads to NF-κB activation.


title: Phagocytosis

text: Fcγ receptors recognise IgG coated targets. The main recognised part is the Fc fragment. The molecule of the receptor contain an intracellular ITAM domain or associates with an ITAM-containing adaptor molecule. ITAM domains transduce the signal from the surface of the phagocyte to the nucleus. For example, activating receptors of human macrophages are FcγRI, FcγRIIA, and FcγRIII. Fcγ receptor mediated phagocytosis includes formation of protrusions of the cell called a 'phagocytic cup' and activates an oxidative burst in neutrophils.


title: Phagocytosis

text: These receptors recognise targets coated in C3b, C4b and C3bi from plasma complement. The extracellular domain of the receptors contains a lectin-like complement-binding domain. Recognition by complement receptors is not enough to cause internalisation without additional signals. In macrophages, the CR1, CR3 and CR4 are responsible for recognition of targets. Complement coated targets are internalised by 'sinking' into the phagocyte membrane, without any protrusions.


title: Phagocytosis

text: Mannose and other pathogen-associated sugars, such as fucose, are recognised by the mannose receptor. Eight lectin-like domains form the extracellular part of the receptor. The ingestion mediated by the mannose receptor is distinct in molecular mechanisms from Fcγ receptor or complement receptor mediated phagocytosis.


title: Phagocytosis

text: Engulfment of material is facilitated by the actin-myosin contractile system. The phagosome is the organelle formed by phagocytosis of material. It then moves toward the centrosome of the phagocyte and is fused with lysosomes, forming a phagolysosome and leading to degradation. Progressively, the phagolysosome is acidified, activating degradative enzymes.


title: Phagocytosis

text: Leukocytes generate hydrogen cyanide during phagocytosis, and can kill bacteria, fungi, and other pathogens by generating several other toxic chemicals.


title: Phagocytosis

text: Some bacteria, for example "Treponema pallidum", "Escheria coli" and "Staphylococcus aureus", are able to avoid phagocytosis by several mechanisms.


title: Phagocytosis

text: Following apoptosis, the dying cells need to be taken up into the surrounding tissues by macrophages in a process called efferocytosis. One of the features of an apoptotic cell is the presentation of a variety of intracellular molecules on the cell surface, such as calreticulin, phosphatidylserine (from the inner layer of the plasma membrane), annexin A1, oxidised LDL and altered glycans. These molecules are recognised by receptors on the cell surface of the macrophage such as the phosphatidylserine receptor or by soluble (free-floating) receptors such as thrombospondin 1, GAS6, and MFGE8, which themselves then bind to other receptors on the macrophage such as CD36 and alpha-v beta-3 integrin. Defects in apoptotic cell clearance is usually associated with impaired phagocytosis of macrophages. Accumulation of apoptotic cell remnants often causes autoimmune disorders; thus pharmacological potentiation of phagocytosis has a medical potential in treatment of certain forms of autoimmune disorders.


title: Phagocytosis

text: In many protists, phagocytosis is used as a means of feeding, providing part or all of their nourishment. This is called phagotrophic nutrition, distinguished from osmotrophic nutrition which takes place by absorption.


title: Phagocytosis

text: As in phagocytic immune cells, the resulting phagosome may be merged with lysosomes(food vacuoles) containing digestive enzymes, forming a phagolysosome. The food particles will then be digested, and the released nutrients are diffused or transported into the cytosol for use in other metabolic processes.


title: Bergerac (TV series)

text: Bergerac is a British crime drama television series. Set in Jersey, it ran from 18 October 1981 to 26 December 1991. Produced by the BBC in association with the Australian Seven Network, and first screened on BBC1, it stars John Nettles as the title character Jim Bergerac, who is initially a detective sergeant in Le Bureau des Étrangers ("The Foreigners' Office", a fictional department dealing with non-Jersey residents), within the States of Jersey Police, but later leaves the force and becomes a private investigator.


title: Bergerac (TV series)

text: Westward Studios executive producer Brian Constantine said the Bergerac reboot was in the final stages of development, possibly airing 2024.


title: Bergerac (TV series)

text: The series ran from 1981 to 1991. It was created by producer Robert Banks Stewart after an earlier detective series, "Shoestring," starring Trevor Eve, came to an abrupt end. Like "Shoestring", the series begins with a man returning to work after a particularly bad period in his life: Eddie Shoestring from a nervous breakdown; Jim Bergerac from alcoholism and from a crushed and badly-broken leg.


title: Bergerac (TV series)

text: "Bergerac" sometimes deals with controversial topics; for example, when an old man is unmasked as a Nazi war criminal, his age raised various moral dilemmas. Supernatural elements occasionally appear in the series, and some episodes end with unpleasant twists, as in "Offshore Trades" and "A Hole In The Bucket".


title: Bergerac (TV series)

text: The final episode filmed was the 1991 Christmas Special titled "All for Love", set partly in Bath. The final scene provides a strong hint about Bergerac's future, after Charlie Hungerford recommends Bergerac for a new position heading an expanded Bureau des Étrangers covering the whole of the Channel Islands following its success in Jersey.


title: Bergerac (TV series)

text: The show is repeated on channels such as Alibi and Drama. On 24 February 2014, the BBC started a rerun of the series on daytime afternoons on BBC Two. The repeats concluded with series 3 to avoid showing the Haut de la Garenne location.


title: Bergerac (TV series)

text: Jim Bergerac is a complex character, presented by the series as a somewhat unorthodox police officer. He is recovering from alcoholism, partly resulting from an unpleasant divorce.


title: Bergerac (TV series)

text: A Jersey native, he returns to the island at the start of the series after recuperating in England from ill health, dipsomania and major surgery on his leg following an accident caused by his drinking heavily prior to an attempted arrest. The accident is shown in episode two as a flashback: Bergerac was swigging brandy during a surveillance when he noticed his suspect and gave chase. He attempted to prevent the man's escape by leaping onto his boat. Under the influence of his drinking, he slipped back and his left leg was crushed against the harbour wall by the boat.


title: Bergerac (TV series)

text: As a result of this accident, Bergerac begins episode one deemed unfit to serve, but he seeks to remain on the police force. While his status is being considered, he is key to solving a case with old colleagues in the recently formed "Bureau des Étrangers"; he is then posted to that unit and does well. By the end of the series, Bergerac has become a private detective.


title: Bergerac (TV series)

text: As an aspect of his unorthodox behaviour, Bergerac drives a burgundy 1947 Triumph Roadster instead of an approved police vehicle.


title: Bergerac (TV series)

text: According to a 2001 interview with Robert Banks Stewart, John Nettles was cast on his insistence. He said, "A programme like that would never get made today without having a household name, but back then I fought to have John Nettles play Bergerac because he was right for it."


title: Bergerac (TV series)

text: Bergerac's relationships with women are a frequent theme, often as a subplot to the main crime investigation. Bergerac's girlfriends include Francine Leland (Cécile Paoli) (who had been the fiancée of a dead colleague), Marianne Bellshade (Celia Imrie), Susan Young (Louise Jameson) and Danielle Aubry (Thérèse Liotard). He has several encounters with ex-wife Deborah (Deborah Grant), who has custody of their daughter Kim (Lindsay Heath).


title: Bergerac (TV series)

text: The main supporting character was Jim Bergerac's former father-in-law Charlie Hungerford (played by Terence Alexander). Charlie was a lovable rogue and would-be tycoon often involved in shady dealings, but paradoxically something of an innocent. Bergerac usually had a good relationship with him, although in the first episode, "Picking It Up", they were not on the best of terms. Charlie was involved in all but two of the 87 episodes.


title: Bergerac (TV series)

text: Other regular characters in the series included Bergerac's ex-wife, Deborah (Deborah Grant), and his boss, Superintendent Barney Crozier (Sean Arnold), initially an inspector (promoted from sergeant immediately before the first episode) and later chief inspector. Bergerac had several sidekicks who were generally detective constables.


title: Bergerac (TV series)

text: Bergerac had an ongoing flirtatious relationship with glamorous jewel thief Philippa Vale (Liza Goddard), who went by the nickname of the Ice Maiden (Series 3: "Ice Maiden", Series 4: "Return of the Ice Maiden", Series 5: "SPARTA", and Series 7: "Old Acquaintance").


title: Bergerac (TV series)

text: Many well-known actors had guest roles in "Bergerac", either before or after rising to fame. These include Philip Glenister, Julian Glover, Connie Booth, Ray Winstone, Prunella Scales, Louise Lombard, Ronald Pickup, Norman Wisdom, Charles Gray, John Forgeham, Bernard Hepton, Bill Nighy, and Steve McFadden.


title: Bergerac (TV series)

text: The series played heavily on its Jersey location. The early storylines were usually in and around Jersey with short scenes shot in England and France. In later episodes the action strayed further away from Jersey and was increasingly based in France.


title: Bergerac (TV series)

text: As Jersey is a small island, most of the filming locations there can be tracked down with ease. Jim Bergerac and Susan Young's flat was located just above St Aubin, a few doors along from the Somerville Hotel; part of the interior was shot within another flat at Gorey, six miles away. Jim's original home in the first few series was submerged when the States of Jersey flooded the valley to create the Queen's Valley reservoir in 1991. Plans for this reservoir were referred to at the start of series four, when Bergerac was forced to seek new accommodation because of them, in the process meeting an estate agent who became his lover.


title: Bergerac (TV series)

text: One of the main locations of the series achieved later notoriety. The Bureau des Étrangers from the third season onwards was located at Haut de la Garenne, a former children's home which in February 2008 became the focus of the Jersey child abuse investigation 2008. The building, on Mont de la Garenne overlooking Mont Orgueil and the Royal Bay of Grouville, ceased being a children's home in 1983 (before the series started filming there) and was re-opened as Jersey's first and only youth hostel.


title: Bergerac (TV series)

text: The original Bureau in the TV series was located in St Helier's Royal Square, but filming there became difficult after the first series as the pretence of filming a documentary series was spoilt by public recognition of Bergerac's Triumph.


title: Bergerac (TV series)

text: Windward House, Le Mont Sohier, St Brelade (built in 1924, since demolished c.2010) with lush grounds overlooking Ouaisné and St Brelade's Bay, was a stunning location used internally and externally throughout all nine series and the Christmas specials. This pink-and-grey building with white pillared entrance first appeared in series 1, episode 6, "Portrait of Yesterday", as the home and wedding venue of the incidental characters. Windward House then reappeared from series 2, episode 1, as Charlie Hungerford's main residence, where he hosted a large garden fête, and then in almost every episode of the show—used either as part of the central plot or as a backdrop for family gatherings, drinks parties, business meetings, barbecues, marquee events, etc. The entire house was used over time, particularly the living room with French windows, dining room, conservatory and long gallery hallways. External filming regularly included the gardens, paddock, driveways, fruit gardens, greenhouse, cider press and rockery.


title: Bergerac (TV series)

text: As the series ran for a decade, directors found it increasingly difficult to find locations which had not been overused. While promoting his film "White Noise" in an interview with "Xpose" magazine, director Geoffrey Sax described how he made an effort to find new locations, only to return for the actual shoot to find camera tripod marks in the ground, another director having shot there in the meantime. They became tourist attractions, with signs advertising "Visit Bergerac's Location" or "See Bergerac's Car".


title: Bergerac (TV series)

text: Plot lines occasionally took the action onto the British mainland, particularly London, and Richmond Riverside figured prominently.


title: Bergerac (TV series)

text: "Bergerac" was made available on DVD by 2 Entertain / Cinema Club. The first series was released on 8 May 2006, including audio commentaries on three episodes.