title: Virgin Atlantic fleet

text: In July 2016, Virgin Atlantic announced an order for 12 Airbus A350-1000 aircraft, to eventually replace the ageing four-engined Boeing 747-400 and Airbus A340-600 fleets. The order consists of eight aircraft which will be purchased directly from Airbus, with a further four acquired through leasing companies. The 12 A350-1000s on order were split into two separate configurations, consisting of a business-oriented, premium heavy configuration, and a leisure-oriented, economy heavy configuration for select routes to the Caribbean , Las Vegas , and Orlando, Florida. This order would leave Virgin Atlantic with a streamlined fleet of Airbus A330s, A350s and Boeing 787 aircraft, leaving just two pilot pools and increasing cost efficiencies. The A350s feature three classesEconomy (in a 3–3–3 layout), Premium (2–4–2) and Upper Class (1–2–1) and its business-oriented configuration features a bar area known as "The Loft", which was first introduced on the London to New York route in summer 2019. Its leisure-oriented A350 configuration was announced to feature a special area called "The Booth", and was planned for launch on its London to Orlando route in December 2021, but subsequently launched between London and Lagos instead.


title: Virgin Atlantic fleet

text: Due to engine fan-blade corrosion issues with the fleet of Boeing 787 aircraft, Virgin Atlantic chose to move some of its Manchester-based Boeing 747 and Airbus A330 aircraft to cover routes out of London Heathrow, with the airline temporarily parking some of its 787s while they wait for attention. In 2016, a spokesperson for Rolls-Royce, the manufacturers of the Trent 1000s, said the company "would start producing new corrosion-resistant fan blades by the start of 2017". In place of these aircraft, Virgin Atlantic leased four former Air Berlin A330-200 aircraft, which were announced to be based in Manchester. The A330-200 aircraft arrived in 2018, with full Virgin Atlantic liveries, but with former Air Berlin cabin products, with Virgin Atlantic's Premium Economy to be retrofitted at a later date. Virgin Atlantic said it would add "resilience" to its fleet after the engine issues with its 787s. It was thought these aircraft would be on initial 12-month leases, allowing them to assess their viability in the fleet, with the possibility of extending the leases further. The airline also chose to reinstate a former A340-600 aircraft G-VNAP into the fleet from storage, after purchase from its lessor, to cover for one A340 aircraft leaving the fleet, for which the lease was unable to be extended. The A330-200s began to leave the fleet in late 2021, with the final A330-200 leaving the fleet in March 2022.


title: Virgin Atlantic fleet

text: On 17 June 2019, Virgin Atlantic announced an order for fourteen Airbus A330-900s, with options for an additional six aircraft, and delivery expected in September 2021. In July 2019, Virgin Atlantic initially announced the retirement of its remaining Airbus A340-600s by November 2019, however in September 2019 had extended the A340-600's service to December 2019, while the airline's Boeing 787 aircraft undergo further repairs on their Rolls-Royce Trent 1000 engines. The retirement date for the A340-600 was subsequently postponed after several changes in date to May 2020, before the type was ultimately retired early on 9 March 2020, with the final scheduled A340-600 service taking place the day prior from Lagos to London Heathrow.


title: Virgin Atlantic fleet

text: The carrier took delivery of its first Airbus A350-1000 aircraft in August 2019. Though the A350s were intended to gradually replace its fleet of Boeing 747s over time, Virgin Atlantic announced the early retirement of its seven remaining Boeing 747-400 aircraft on 5 May 2020 as an impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and resultant loss in travel demand. The airline had additionally deferred deliveries of its Airbus A330-900s to 2022, as well as its remaining Airbus A350-1000s until later in 2021. In December 2020, Virgin Atlantic sold and leased back two of their latest Boeing 787-9 aircraft to fund the repayment of a loan from Griffin Global Asset Management and to raise up to £70 million ($93 million) worth of funds. In December 2021, the airline leased two additional Airbus A350-1000s with deliveries in 2023 and 2024, increasing its total order to 14 A350s.


title: Virgin Atlantic fleet

text: On 11 July 2022, Virgin Atlantic announced further details of its incoming Airbus A330-900 fleet, including its seating configuration, that it planned to receive up to sixteen of the type, indicating that two additional planes were ordered, and that the first A330-900 would arrive during September 2022, with the aircraft launching on its London to Boston route during October 2022.


title: Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 11

text: Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi Darr vs Dare is the eleventh season of "", an Indian reality and stunt television series produced by Endemol Shine India. The show aired from 17 July 2021 to 26 September 2021, on Colors TV. Filmed in Cape Town, South Africa, it was hosted by Rohit Shetty. Arjun Bijlani emerged as winner of this season while Divyanka Tripathi became the 1st runner up.


title: Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 11

text: Finalists of this season and host Rohit Shetty appeared on Dance Deewane 3 in an episode named as Mahasangam.


title: The Red Green Show

text: The Red Green Show is a Canadian television comedy that aired on various channels in Canada, with its ultimate home at CBC Television, and on Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) in the United States (airing on more than 100 PBS affiliates at its peak), from 1991 until the series finale 7 April 2006. "The Red Green Show" is essentially a cross between a sitcom and a sketch comedy series, and is a parody of home improvement, do-it-yourself, fishing, and other outdoors shows (particularly "The Red Fisher Show"). Reruns currently air on CBC Television, CTV Comedy Channel, various Public Broadcasting Service stations, and on the Red Green Channel on Roku televisions. It was produced by S&S Productions, which is owned by Steve and Morag Smith. Directors on the series include Steve Smith, Rick Green and William G. Elliott.


title: The Red Green Show

text: During the show's run, "The Red Green Show" was nominated for 23 Gemini Awards, but only won once, in 1998, for "Best Performance in a Comedy Program or Series".


title: The Red Green Show

text: The title character, Red Green (Steve Smith), is a handyman who tries to find shortcuts to most of his projects, trusting most of his work to duct tape, which he calls "the handyman's secret weapon". He is the president of the Possum Lodge, a fictional men's club in the small northwestern Ontario town of Possum Lake, near the also-fictional town of Port Asbestos. He and his fellow lodge members had their own television show in which they gave lessons and demonstrations in repair work, outdoor activities and advice for men.


title: The Red Green Show

text: The show's basic concept was that of a cable television show, taped in part on a hand-held camera by Red's nephew, Harold. The show's structure evolved over time and included several regular segments that appeared in almost every episode. These segments were interspersed with each episode's three main plot segments. The most frequent segments were "The Possum Lodge Word Game", "Handyman Corner" and "Adventures with Bill".


title: The Red Green Show

text: Red attempted to demonstrate creative and often humorous ways to tackle relatively common tasks, such as taking out the trash or making use of derelict cars or creating something extravagant out of whatever he could get his hands on. Memorable examples included a paddlewheeler made out of a van on pallets and a revolving door, a jet pack made from two propane tanks, a hybrid car from recycled golf carts and satellite dishes, a kiddie ride made from a bar stool attached to the agitator of a washing machine, and SCUBA gear made from an old gas grill, including a shark cage made from the grills. Duct tape, "the handyman's secret weapon", was usually the fastener of choice. In one episode, he tried to duct tape the Ontario–Quebec border as a potential solution to Quebec separatism. The segment customarily concluded with the aphorism, "If the women don't find you handsome, they should at least find you handy."


title: The Red Green Show

text: A black-and-white segment in the form of a narrated home movie, silent but with sound effects, music and narration. The movie would show Red and Bill attempting to accomplish a relatively straightforward task, try out a sport, or go on some adventure, invariably leading to all-out slapstick comedy. Later in the series, other characters were featured, sometimes without Red or Bill. As the action occurred, Red narrated each adventure.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Structured like "Password" or "Pyramid", the objective was to get a contestant to say a certain word in 30 seconds by giving them various clues. In this version, however, the contestant almost always gave answers that were either way off or very odd due to the contestant's preoccupation with their own work or lifestyle. They would finally say the correct word by accident or through the use of a grouping of words or another word that would sound similar to the answer. The referee would often announce that week's prize in a misleading way, to make it sound much more desirable. One such prize was "a new house ... roof ... shingle." This often featured Harold or Mike Hamar as the host, though other members would sometimes host this sketch.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Red gives out sage advice from behind his fly tying workbench, usually talking to older men about married life or coping with changing society. "Let's face it", he quipped in one episode, "these days, if you're not young, you're old". This segment always concluded with, "Remember, I'm pulling for you. We're all in this together."


title: The Red Green Show

text: Red and another character, standing together at the base of the basement stairs in a close-up, giving men advice on how to get out of various jams, usually with their wives, although, in later seasons, Red was often replaced by another character.


title: The Red Green Show

text: In earlier episodes, Red often recited small bits of poetry in the woods. The segments were named depending on the season and had a humorous twist on a famous saying. For example, the winter segment is named "Winter of Our Discount Tent". In many shows, Red and Harold could be seen sitting at a campfire, with Red usually strumming a guitar and singing an original humorous song with Harold providing vocal accents and percussion with various items such as spoons, gas cans, and junk metal. In later seasons, the characters gave brief biographical sketches of "famous" Possum Lake residents, consisting of various odd historical photos accompanied by narration.


title: The Red Green Show

text: A regular segment where Harold would read a letter supposedly from a viewer and Red would answer it, often misinterpreting what the viewer was asking. This evolved into "The Experts", where Red and another character answer alleged letters from viewers and always give ridiculous advice, often debating on what the viewer meant or needed. "The Experts" was always introduced with one of the lodge members (usually Harold, Mike, Dalton or Winston) saying, "Welcome to 'The Experts' portion of the show where we examine those three little words men find so hard to say ..." The audience, in front of which the show was filmed, would then chant in unison, "I DON'T KNOW!"


title: The Red Green Show

text: Ranger Gord's "educational" segments featured safety cartoons, with anthropomorphic animals that looked like Red and Harold, and occasionally advice with Dalton Humphrey, Winston Rothschild and Mike Hamar. In the season Mike Hamar was introduced, he would often try to help Red around the lodge, but with humorously disastrous results due to miscommunication or Mike trying to imitate Red's corner-cutting shortcuts. Hap Shaughnessy appeared in many segments and always told Red outlandish stories about his life and occasionally another character, who would doubt Hap's claims and start making jokes about them. Among other things, Hap claims to have been an astronaut, to have fought Sonny Liston, to have invented television and basketball, and to have once advised Walt Disney on how many fingers to put on Mickey Mouse. In later seasons, they added an animal segment with Local Animal Control Specialists, Garth Harble and later Ed Frid, who is deathly afraid of almost all animals. The segment usually saw Garth or Ed handling various animals with disastrous results. For example, in one segment, Ed brings in a weasel that bites his thumb as he tries to handle it, causing him to freak out.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Mike Hamar gave outrageous advice to teenagers that contradicts common sense, such as why it is advantageous to be stupid.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Other repair segments were aired throughout the show. Many of the episodes in later seasons had small segments similar to Handyman's Corner where Red would show quick ways to tackle everyday tasks that were creative. This would be used to open the show. The differences were that it was not referred to as Handyman's Corner, nor would Red close the segment with his iconic catchphrase of "If the women don't find you handsome, they should at least find you handy." Another repair segment that appeared from time to time was one Red liked to call "If it ain't broke, you're not trying!" The segment would see members of Possum Lodge bringing in various items they say were broken, and Red would try to fix them. The broken items were used and/or broken in relation to the lodge member who brought it in. For example, in one segment, lodge member Dwight Cardiff brought in a broken "Garberator" garbage disposal which was broken when he tried to be lazy and stuff every piece of garbage into the disposal, even stuff that didn't belong in it. Another instance was when explosives enthusiast, Edgar K. B. Montrose brought in a dining room table set asking Red to repair it like new after he had accidentally caused an explosion at his mom's house, turning the entire set except one chair into sawdust.


title: The Red Green Show

text: The show usually concluded with Red giving a message to his wife, Bernice, usually a double entendre and delivering his signature piece of life advice in the form of a hockey metaphor: "Keep your stick on the ice." This was followed by a general meeting of the Possum Lodge membership while the credits rolled, which began with the ritual stating of the Lodge motto—""Quando omni flunkus moritati"", mock Latin for "When all else fails, play dead". From season six onward, this was often followed by the Man's Prayer: "I'm a man—but I can change—if I have to—I guess." In the final episode of the series, a revised version of the prayer was said: "I'm a man—but I changed—because I had to. Oh. well." Steve Smith later identified that this was a tribute to his wife Morag, who had simply commented, "Oh, well", upon viewing the first episode in 1991. In one episode, women take over Possum Lodge and change the prayer to "I am woman, hear me roar. I'm in charge, get over it."


title: The Red Green Show

text: Smith originally created the character of Red Green for his 1979–1985 sketch comedy series "Smith & Smith". The sketch was a parody of the long-running Canadian outdoors show "The Red Fisher Show" (1968–1989), starring B.H. "Red" Fisher, in which Red and his friends would show silent films of their fishing trips with commentary at "Scuttlebutt Lodge". The character also appeared in "Me & Max" and "The Comedy Mill" before becoming the focus of his own series.


title: The Red Green Show

text: "The Red Green Show" was produced first by CHCH-TV in Hamilton, Ontario, then by CFPL-TV in London, and then by the Global Television Network, before finally finding its permanent home at CBC Television for the 1997 season (its seventh) onward. The show was renamed "The New Red Green Show" upon its move to Global, and would keep this title until its second season at CBC.


title: The Red Green Show

text: The show ended 7 April 2006 after its 15th season with exactly 300 episodes. This longevity inspired a joke in one episode, where Red says "The question is, can you do anything with crap? Obviously the answer is yes, we're in our fourteenth season."


title: The Red Green Show

text: The last episode was filmed on 5 November 2005, at the Showline Studios Harbourside location. At the time the season began taping, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation locked out staffers who were members of the Canadian Media Guild, rendering the show's regular studios at the Canadian Broadcasting Centre unavailable. The last episode concluded with the show breaking the fourth wall by thanking the audience and fans for their popularity. In addition, the Man's Prayer was changed to "I'm a man—but I changed—because I had to. Oh, well."


title: The Red Green Show

text: As the show gained popularity, Steve Smith also wrote a syndicated newspaper column, as Red Green, titled "North of 40" in which he would give advice to readers.


title: The Red Green Show

text: In previous years, the show would stage live mini-telethons (sometimes called ""Red Green"-a-thons") for public television stations in the United States. These usually coincided with national PBS fundraising drives, and featured contests between various PBS stations carrying the show. This was done to encourage new stations to carry Red Green, for those who already have it to continue it, and in one year Red playfully dumped stations that chose to discontinue the show in a wheelbarrow.


title: The Red Green Show

text: On 14 December 2008, a retrospective special titled "The Red Green Story-We're All In This Together" aired on select PBS stations. The special was released on DVD along with a book. Also, despite stating after the show's final episode that he planned to permanently retire his character, in 2010, Smith embarked on the "Wit and Wisdom Comedy Tour", in which he gave live performances as Red Green in cities across the United States and Canada.


title: The Red Green Show

text: On 29 November 2012, Steve Smith announced a new "How To Do Everything" Tour, which kicked off in Canada in fall 2013 before going to the United States in spring 2014. The 2016 North American tour, "I'm Not Old, I'm Ripe", began in March and concluded in May, with stops in 25 U.S. cities. The 2019 North American tour, "This Could Be It", began in March 2019 and ran until the end of October, with shows in 34 U.S. cities and 29 Canadian cities.


title: The Red Green Show

text: From September 1998 to August 7, 2017, "The Red Green Show" aired on The Comedy Network. From 2002 to 2005, reruns aired on CBC, Thursdays at 12:30pm and Saturdays at 6:30pm Eastern. In the United States, digital multicast network Heartland added reruns of the show to its schedule in September 2018. There is also currently a Red Green Channel on Roku televisions.


title: The Red Green Show

text: The title character of "The Red Green Show", Red (Steve Smith) is the leader of Possum Lodge and a self-proclaimed handyman who is constantly extolling the virtues of duct tape ("the handyman's secret weapon"). He is married to Bernice Green and does not have any children. He is seldom seen without his trademark red-and-green suspenders and Canadian military field manoeuvres cap.


title: The Red Green Show

text: According to Red's DVD biography, Red became the leader of Possum Lodge after gradually becoming more involved with it over time and becoming "the only guy nobody hated." At one point, he borrowed a large sum of money from his brother just before his brother lost his job at the bank. In repayment, Red employed his nephew Harold as the producer and director of "The Red Green Show".


title: The Red Green Show

text: In addition to being a handyman, Red also has several main philosophies in life, some of which are passed on to the lodge as a whole. Chief among them is the phrase "Quando Omni Flunkus Moritati" (pseudo-Latin for "When all else fails, play dead"). He also concludes each of his Handyman Corner segments with the phrase, "If the women don't find you handsome, they should at least find you handy."


title: The Red Green Show

text: Red owns what is known as "the Possum Van", a 1979–1993 Dodge Ram cargo van, painted as a grey 'possum on a pale blue background, and with a licence plate reading simply "POSSUM". It is one of Red's few vehicles that actually runs. It has played (and donated) many parts in Handyman's Corner projects. After the series ended, the van was scrapped.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Red's dry, often sarcastic wit is balanced by a strong sense of camaraderie with his fellow lodge members, partly because he directs most of his sarcasm toward Harold. Despite this, Harold and the rest of Possum Lodge seem to regard Red with a high level of respect, though occasionally some of the lodge members will challenge his authority in one way or another.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Harold (Patrick McKenna) is Red's nephew and the fictional producer and director of "The Red Green Show". He is a nerd, having a significant overbite, wearing thick glasses, and is very eager and sensitive. He is often appalled by Red and the other lodge members and he puts much effort into trying to change everyone's behaviour, usually with little or no success.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Harold's advanced knowledge of computers, television and technology originally landed him the job of producer and director of the television show, often wielding a portable device with dials and a keyboard, used to create the show's visual effects and transitions, although he did not have it in later seasons. This prop was assembled out of an Ampex VR 1200 videotape recorder, a Mini-Tec terminal keyboard, and a set of rabbit-ear antennas. Later in the show's history, he became employed at Multicorp and went to work in the neighbouring town of Port Asbestos. He later became the publicity manager for Possum Lake, and eventually fell in love with Bonnie (Laurie Elliott), a commercial truck driver who shares nearly all of his unusual mannerisms. The two characters were married in the final episode of the series; a flashforward reveals that Harold and Bonnie have two children, a son and a daughter.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Harold and Red spend much of their time on the show trading insults and poking fun at each other. While they have shown they can cooperate with one another at times, Harold is often very critical of Red's ideas and schemes, but usually ends up going along with them anyway.


title: The Red Green Show

text: In the film "Duct Tape Forever", Harold is not a member of the Possum Lodge. At the end, the brotherhood accept him and take him in.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Bill (Rick Green) is the star of the "Adventures with Bill" segment, in which he and at least one other character (usually Red) attempt to perform relatively simple tasks or try a sport or game in the clumsiest, most accident-prone way possible. (These segments are done in a silent home-movie format with a voiceover by Red.) Bill rarely actually speaks, and has only appeared on the main set of the show in the second season (still silently) and in the series' final episode. Aside from episode 54 "The Tanks We Get", these are the only times Bill is ever seen in colour, though he shows up in colour at the end of the credits sequence (for the first season, at least) since the "Adventures" segments are shown in black-and-white. When something goes wrong, as it invariably does each episode, Bill can be heard as a muffled scream; these are anticipation of injury, not actual injury, such as Bill screaming as he falls off the ladder, not when he hits the ground. In some segments, Bill can be heard speaking in gibberish, but the explanation for not hearing him clearly is usually that the camera they use for these segments has a weak microphone. Later in the show's history, the "Adventures with Bill" segment was expanded to include more characters, and not necessarily Bill alone.


title: The Red Green Show

text: In each "Adventures" segment in which Bill appears, he usually attempts to do something of an outdoors nature, such as backpacking, building something, chopping down a tree, or playing a sport. Each of his actions are basically slapstick comedy routines—for example, when he swings an axe, it flies out of his hands and smashes into another character or Red's Possum Van. In what has become a classic occurrence, Bill often manages to knock one or both of the side mirrors off the van. He can also store large tools and miscellaneous items in his overalls, and pull them out on demand. Many segments show Bill getting hurt somehow, but apparently not seriously or permanently. (One segment in particular ends with Bill's arms crushed and flattened in a grape press.) There is generally no continuity from one "Adventures" segment to the next, and Bill comes back in the following episode, good as new.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Ranger Gord (Peter Keleghan) is the local forest ranger who spends almost all of his time alone in Fire Watch Tower 13 and, later in the series, Tower 3. His full name is Gordon Ranger, but he prefers not to be called "Ranger Ranger." He is always seen wearing his ranger outfit (which he apparently launders using only a blow dryer), and he finds various eccentric ways to pass his time, even while Red is visiting. For example, he has been seen making nature-sounds tapes by verbally mimicking animal noises into a tape recorder, and he claims to use baked beans as his alarm clock. In one episode, he is found by Red to be hibernating.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Gord has worked in his watch tower for more than eighteen years without a paycheque and claims to have been a forest ranger his entire life. His apparent reason for becoming a ranger was that he thought Smokey Bear was talking directly to him in one of his famous public service announcements ("Only "you" can prevent forest fires"). He frequently breaks out in tears during Red's visits as he talks about how lonely he is or how much of a sacrifice he makes at his job. During one visit, Gord claimed to have gotten so lonely that he ate the watch tower and then later moved on to another tower in season 7. Gord sometimes laments his lack of recognition. Once, he thought that someone had left him some honorary medallions, only to learn from Red that they were beer bottle caps; Gord thought that a Budweiser cap was for being a "bud of the forest". On another occasion, Gord justified his lack of communication with his superiors as a sign that he was doing a "good job protecting the forest", to which Red suggested that his superiors most likely forgot about him. In truth, it turned out that he had been dismissed many years ago, but the message had never reached him.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Later in the series (seasons 9 to 13, between 1999 and 2004), Ranger Gord made a series of 23 short "educational" cartoons about the environment. Written, animated, produced, directed, and voiced by Gord in person, these films always feature an animated version of Gord as a muscle-bound superhero type (sometimes with absurdly-bombastic and self-aggrandizing opening titles such as "Ranger Gord presents: Ranger Gord in Ranger Gord's educational films. Drawn, written, produced, and voiced by Ranger Gord. Starring Ranger Gord"), and Red and Harold Green make appearances as a 'possum (due to Red's being the Possum Lodge leader) and beaver (as a sarcastic reference to Harold's "toothy" overbite), respectively. Dalton and Mike also appear in one short, depicted as a bear and a raccoon, respectively. The cartoons' subjects have included finding money at the end of a rainbow, planting a cell phone to grow a telephone pole, and waging a fire-fight against the Sun and its deadly ultraviolet rays. The cartoons were actually written by staff writers, starting with Shaun Graham, who wrote the six original shorts. All 23 shorts were designed, directed, and animated by Bryce Hallett of Frog Feet Productions.


title: The Red Green Show

text: The original fire watch tower shown in seasons 1–2 was the treehouse in Steve Smith's backyard in Hamilton, Ontario, that he had put up for his sons. From seasons 3 to 6, it was filmed in an actual watch tower, in reality located at Port Carling, Ontario. By season 8, it was a set. Gord appeared in the lodge during season 7, saying that he had eaten the front two legs of the tower ("I ran out of creamed corn, so I got hungry") and caused it to fall over. In the movie "Duct Tape Forever", the tower had burned down (an obvious irony, since Gord's whole purpose in the tower was to watch for forest fires; the implication may have been that Gord either had been "sleeping on the job" when a lightning-bolt ignited the tower and thus was not watching out for fire the way he'd been supposed to, or else that he had accidentally started the fire himself while using a cook-stove or performing some other activity inside the tower which involved using flames or heat) and Ranger Gord was then in charge of a train station located at the end of a section of unfinished tracks and thus where no trains ever run; this is an obvious pun on Gord still having a "dead-end job", just like his former merely-self-maintained forest ranger position that the National Forest Service cared nothing about.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Hap Shaughnessy (Gordon Pinsent) is the water-taxi captain of Possum Lake, but he is much better known at Possum Lodge for his self-aggrandizing tall tales. In virtually every appearance he makes on the show, he makes a ridiculous claim to have been a significant person in history, or to have accomplished some incredible feat. Nobody else on the show believes him, but he will go to great lengths to tell his stories anyway. For example, he has claimed that he owns a coat that belonged to Santa Claus, that he once filled in for Keith Richards of The Rolling Stones, that he once raised tigers in Kenya, had a magnetized metal plate in his head, drove the Aston Martin featured in Goldfinger which he used as an actual spy, and that he even died and came back to life at the 1988 Summer Olympics. In one episode, it is hinted that he lies about his past because he has a poor self-image.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Hap is always seen wearing a Royal Canadian Regiment baseball cap, which is a nod to Pinsent's own military service as a soldier in the Regiment during the early 1950s.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Dougie Franklin (Ian Thomas) is an American immigrant who drives a huge "Meals on 4 Wheels" monster truck he calls "Imelda", and who is a self-proclaimed expert in two areas of life: cars and women, in spite of never having had a successful date, and several automotive altercations, partly due to his inability to understand Canadian traffic laws, and his reckless driving. His brother Ben was seen in a few episodes, played by Ian Thomas' actual brother Dave Thomas of SCTV.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Jimmy MacVey (Will Millar) is a Scottish Postal Worker who is "in the process" of restoring an old wooden boat in his spare time, at the expense of losing his wife who left him. Through several episodes, he demonstrates how to repair certain portions, such as using autographed novels as shims, and a ceiling fan and a camera tripod as the propeller and propeller shaft, resp.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Jack (Tim Sims) is an advertising executive with a family, who is suffering from extreme paranoia, complaining about the cold war, bombs, pollution, terrorism, lawyers, dictators, and of course taxes. He has taken to hiding in a crack in the ground cave armed with a hockey stick to await the end of Western Civilization with his 6-week supply of canned goods.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Glen Brackston (Mark Wilson) is the operator and only employee of Brackston's Marina. Glen is a large and incredibly lazy man, often seen sitting on his lawn chair or napping. He has suffered five heart attacks, and has seven daughters. In the earliest seasons, his laziness was due to his obsessive focus on his RV. Later on, he would appear with Red in the "Boating Tips" segment, where he would give advice or instructions on how to maintain and care for boats. However, he would often make Red perform these tasks for him, citing his poor health as leaving him unable to do it on his own. Glen is a Boston Red Sox fan; he is usually seen wearing a Red Sox cap.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Bob Stuyvesant (Bruce Hunter) works for the Ministry of Dept of Natural Resources, and is almost always seen playing golf, although he always plays poorly. Hotheaded and contemptuously arrogant, Bob claims to know everything about golf, but can't seem to apply it to his own game, taking wild slices and often sending his ball into water or bushes, prompting an instant temper tantrum and causing him to throw his golf club. Same with women – Bob has been married 5 times. When out golfing, Bob purports to be "conducting undercover research" for the Ministry, claiming that he is taking soil and air samples. He once claimed that his golf ball was a "dimpled ergonometer", and that his putter was a "wind speed calibration wrench".


title: The Red Green Show

text: Noel Christmas, the Head of Security (Kevin Frank), who in his overzealousness often causes more problems than he solves.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Helmut Wintergarden, the Head of Maintenance (BJ Woodbury), who continually works on the pumps, but never really gets them fixed, as they continue to leak.


title: The Red Green Show

text: "Doc" Render, the Medic (Neil Crone) who "stretches" the truth, has a gambling problem, and borrows money from others but never pays them back.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Douglas, the Treasurer (David Huband), who pinches every penny and complains about members wanting money for stupid things.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Murray, the Store Owner (Ed Sahely), who is crooked and overcharges others for defective merchandise and then refuses any returns or refunds.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Dalton (Bob Bainborough) is the owner of Humphrey's Everything Store and is one of Red's best friends. He is one of the few financially successful lodge members. He is a cheapskate and tries to conserve money as much as possible, shortchanging and cheating people. When he isn't complaining about the state of things at his store, he generally complains about his troubled marriage to Ann Marie and their daughter's spending habits.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Dalton has been with the show since season 4, and takes part in the vast majority of the show's main storylines. He has a strong relationship with Red, joining him on his regular fishing trips and taking part in many aspects of the Possum Lodge operations. He also takes his fatherhood very seriously, often trying to pass on his ideas and wisdom to other people (most notably Harold). He generally tells people exactly what he thinks of them, even if it means offending them.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Ann Marie only appeared onscreen once, in the final episode, in which she and Dalton renewed their wedding vows (her face was obscured by her bridal veil); however, she was sometimes seen in shadow in scenes set near their home (her voice was provided by Jennifer Irwin). Their daughter, Tabitha, appeared in the film "Duct Tape Forever", played by Tracy Dawson, although there she goes by the name Mandy.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Mike (Wayne Robson) is a career criminal who joined Possum Lodge while on parole from federal prison. He has become another of Red's best friends and often tries to help out around the Lodge, though he is not very good at handyman tasks in general. He talks a lot about his troubled childhood, mostly about his mother, exotic dancer "Bambi Bazooms" (episode 100), and many "fathers". Mike suffers from low self-esteem and poor planning, usually causing those around him to try to cheer him up again. He is the only character who regularly refers to Red as "Mr. Green". As revealed in the final episode, Mike eventually becomes a police officer.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Winston (Jeff Lumby) is the owner and sole employee of Rothschild's Sewage and Septic Sucking Services. Like Dalton and Mike, Winston is one of Red Green's friends and takes part in the day-to-day operations at Possum Lodge. He is always seen wearing a hard hat, off-white button-down shirt, a bow tie and hip waders. He is generally upbeat and has a positive outlook on life, and is usually able to look on the bright side of things, even in the face of certain disaster. He is also a fan of self-help speakers Anthony Anthony (whom he likes to quote frequently), Wally Himmler, cited as the author of "How to Have More of Everything" (episode 80), Ed Big, cited as the author of "Think Big by Ed Big" (episode 78), and Walter Mollusk, creator of the video, "Seize the Self-Help Course of the Day" (episode 86).


title: The Red Green Show

text: A true entrepreneur, Winston describes sewage and septic sucking as his lifelong dream. He owns his own equipment and a septic truck, apparently his only means of transportation, even on his usually unsuccessful dates. Throughout the series, he appears in a wide variety of commercials advertising his septic sucking business, usually with a humorous quip, such as "We're number one in the number two business"; "We'll take that smell off your hands"; "We come in a truck and leave in a daze", etc. In later episodes, his commercials tend to parody the advertising campaigns of numerous Canadian companies.


title: The Red Green Show

text: He also has a tendency to confuse certain phrases and adages, saying things like "Significant Mother" or "Catch-23".


title: The Red Green Show

text: Edgar Montrose (Graham Greene) is Possum Lodge's First Nation explosives enthusiast. He believes that any problem, including leaky roofs and invasive weeds, can be solved with explosives. He is usually seen wearing singed overalls, a cracked construction helmet and a pair of ear protectors, though he rarely covers his ears with them. According to him, he was born in Assiniboia, Saskatchewan, and he started using explosives at a young age. He later enlisted in the Army and was dishonorably discharged after only three weeks, when he blew up the mess hall ("... turns out they were only "thinking" of building a new one").


title: The Red Green Show

text: Edgar's heavy use of explosives over the years has caused him to lose most of his hearing, which often leads to nonsensical responses to questions and comments. For example, Red will ask him, "What have you brought for us today, Edgar?" and Edgar will respond, "Oh, just fine, Red." He is also missing a finger on his left hand, though the story of how he lost it changes each time he tells it. He claims to not have many friends, and according to his DVD biography, he has "yet to meet a woman that likes to spend a Saturday night watching [him] blow a fully-grown Douglas Fir tree clean over the lake."


title: The Red Green Show

text: Edgar's middle initials, K.B., are rumored to stand for "Ka Boom!", his favorite catch-phrase. His favorite movie is "The Bridge on the River Kwai", saying, "Did you see that baby go up at the end?" After seeing the movie "Dances with Wolves", Edgar thought that the "Native guy" should have received an Oscar for his role. (Greene had been nominated for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Kicking Bird in the movie, but lost to Joe Pesci in "Goodfellas".)


title: The Red Green Show

text: Ed Frid (Jerry Schaefer) is Possum Lake's second animal control officer (the first being Garth Harble). He is deathly afraid of almost all animals, and believes they are out to get him. He is featured on "The Red Green Show" in the "Talking Animals" segment, in which Red tries to get him to show the audience a small animal, such as a weasel or a leech. Invariably, something goes wrong and causes Ed to panic, usually bringing an abrupt and comedic end to the segment.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Buzz Sherwood (Peter Wildman) is a local bush pilot known around Possum Lake for his eccentric antics in his small Cessna seaplane, which he moors on the Possum Lodge boat dock. He has an incredibly boisterous personality, often acting extremely hyperactive and happy-go-lucky. Despite being in his 40s, he still views himself as a child, and is known for his wild laughter and habit of punching people's arms in greeting.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Dwight Cardiff (George Buza) is the only character ever shown to be lazier than Glen Brackston. Dwight is the operator at the Port Asbestos Marina, although he occasionally traveled to the Lodge to appear on the show. Dwight is unwilling to do anything that requires him to move, such as going inside when it rains (what he calls "passive environmental interaction"). He also claims to have had a pet snail as a child, but it "ran away on [him]".


title: The Red Green Show

text: Arnie Dogan (Albert Schultz) is an accident-prone roofer with aspirations of becoming a country music singer. Frequently wearing some manner of orthopedic appliance from his latest mishap, he insists that roofing is "in my blood" and that he continue with his work despite its seemingly hazardous nature. Arnie is renowned for having written over 17,000 songs (most of which are terrible) and he enjoys playing them for lodge members at any opportunity, much to the chagrin and irritation of the latter.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Kevin Black (Paul Gross) is a yuppie developer from the big city who is usually outwitted by the landowners of Possum Lake. Kevin Black appeared in the sixth and seventh seasons. He is frequently surprised by the rural aspects of Possum Lake, such as the idea of having to dig a well in order to get water.


title: The Red Green Show

text: Charlie Farquharson (Don Harron) is a "charter member" of Possum Lodge. He is from Parry Sound, often making unfavorable comparisons between it and Possum Lake. He was also the KORN radio announcer from "Hee Haw".


title: The Red Green Show

text: Throughout its fifteen-season run, "The Red Green Show" sported a cast of well over forty secondary and minor characters, ranging from fellow Possum Lodge members to guests making single appearances, and even audience members appearing on the set. During the second season, the regular cast was expanded to include many different lodge members, none of whom were kept on for appearances after the second season.


title: The Red Green Show

text: The cast, while primarily male, in later seasons did include occasional female characters as well, including network executive Kelly Cook (Sugar Lyn Beard) and Anne-Marie Humphrey (Jennifer Irwin), Dalton's wife.


title: The Red Green Show

text: In addition to the already long list of characters, there are several characters who are frequently referred to, but are never seen. The most frequently mentioned are Red's friends Junior Singleton, Buster Hadfield, Moose Thompson, Stinky Peterson, and Old Man Sedgewick. The in-show descriptions of these characters are often far-fetched and outlandish, as are their actual names:


title: The Red Green Show

text: Acorn Media has released portions of "The Red Green Show" on DVD in Region 1 in various incarnations.


title: The Red Green Show

text: In 2002–2003, they released six compilation DVDs labeled as "Stuffed and Mounted" volumes 1 through 6. Each DVD contains episodes from various seasons of the show up to season 10 (the most current season at the time these DVDs were released). However, there were no episodes from season two. These DVDs feature a spoken-word introduction by Steve Smith (out of character, as evidenced by his higher-pitched voice).


title: The Red Green Show

text: In 2006, Acorn began to release the series on DVD in complete season sets. Of note, the releases are identified by year, not season number; thus the 7th season is labeled as "1997 Season", the 8th season is "1998 Season", and so on. Seasons 7 through 11 were released in this format.


title: The Red Green Show

text: In 2010, Acorn changed formats again, they began releasing compilation sets which contain episodes from multiple seasons all grouped together. The first release, "The Red Green Show: The Infantile Years", features all 72 episodes from the first 3 seasons in a 9-disc set. Extras include introductions by Steve Smith, and Red & Harold character biographies. Seasons 4 through 6 were released in "The Red Green Show: The Toddlin' Years". Seasons 7 through 9 were released in "The Red Green Show: The Delinquent Years". Seasons 10 through 12 were released in "The Red Green Show: The Midlife Crisis Years". On 20 September 2011, Acorn released "The Red Green Show: The Geezer Years", which contains episodes from the final three seasons (13–15).


title: Ghost in the Shell (manga)

text: The books contain Shirow's thoughts on design and philosophy, including sociological issues, the consequences of technological advances and themes on the nature of consciousness and identity. Several artbooks have been released to detail the concept art and the world of "Ghost in the Shell". All three volumes have received mainly positive reviews.


title: Ghost in the Shell (manga)

text: Primarily set in the mid-twenty-first century in the fictional Japanese city of , otherwise known as , the manga and the many anime adaptations follow the members of Public Security Section 9, a special-operations task-force made up of former military officers and police detectives. Political intrigue and counter-terrorism operations are standard fare for Section 9, but the various actions of corrupt officials, companies, and cyber-criminals in each scenario are unique and require the diverse skills of Section 9's staff to prevent a series of incidents from escalating.


title: Ghost in the Shell (manga)

text: In this cyberpunk iteration of a possible future, computer technology has advanced to the point that many members of the public possess cyberbrains, technology that allows them to interface their biological brain with various networks. The level of cyberization varies from simple minimal interfaces to almost complete replacement of the brain with cybernetic parts, in cases of severe trauma. This can also be combined with various levels of prostheses, with a fully prosthetic body enabling a person to become a cyborg. The heroine of "Ghost in the Shell", Major Motoko Kusanagi, is such a cyborg, having had a terrible accident befall her as a child that ultimately required that she use a full-body prosthesis to house her cyberbrain. This high level of cyberization, however, opens the brain up to attacks from highly skilled hackers, with the most dangerous being those who will hack a person to bend to their whims.


title: Ghost in the Shell (manga)

text: begins in 2029, and features Section 9, led by Chief Daisuke Aramaki and Major Motoko Kusanagi, as they investigate the Puppeteer, a cyber-criminal wanted for committing a large number of crimes by proxy through "ghost hacking" humans with cyberbrains. As the investigation continues, Section 9 discovers that the Puppet Master is actually an advanced artificial intelligence created by a department of the Japanese government, taking up residence in a robot body. After destroying the latest host of the Puppeteer, Section 9 believes all is well, until the Major discovers the Puppet Master in her own mind. After hearing the Puppeteer's wishes to reach its next step in evolution, Kusanagi allows it to become one with her own ghost. After this event, the Major leaves Section 9 to work as a private contractor, with the remaining members of the unit, Batou, Togusa, Ishikawa, Saito, Paz, Borma and Azuma, continuing their work as covert operatives, occasionally meeting up with the Major in her various guises. These stories were later collected under the name . In 2035, the Major, now known as Motoko Aramaki, works as a security expert for Poseidon Industrial, now an entity composed of multiple identities that she controls via the network in other prosthetic bodies that attack industrial spies, assassins, and cyber-hackers, solving various crimes, while still at her day job. However, a psychic investigator finds something dangerous emerging as the teachings of a professor of artificial intelligence fall into the wrong hands and attempt to intermingle with the Major's current evolving sense of self. These stories are collected under the title .


title: Ghost in the Shell (manga)

text: While writing the manga, Masamune Shirow struggled to make it neither too complex nor too simple. Two official names exist for the works, the first is and the second is ""Ghost in the Shell"". Masamune Shirow originally wanted to use the name ""Ghost in the Shell"" for the publication, as an homage to Arthur Koestler's "The Ghost in the Machine", from which he drew inspiration. Kōichi Yuri, First Coordinator at "Young Magazine", requested a "more flashy" name and Shirow came up with . Shirow requested that "Ghost in the Shell" be included on the title even if it was in small print. Yuri believes that "Kōkaku Kidōtai" is the mainstream title while "Ghost in the Shell" is the theme. While most Japanese publications use both names, the original publication in "Young Magazine" used "Kōkaku Kidōtai".


title: Ghost in the Shell (manga)

text: When developing "Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface", Shirow initially wanted to use a new title by changing the last kanji character meaning , to the homophonic kanji for so that it would literally translate , but eventually he decided not to do so. The production of "Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface" manga was done digitally, which was difficult for Shirow because of troubles including a hard disk failure which resulted in the loss of 16 gigabytes of data, USB hardware troubles and reading manuals related to new application upgrades. Shirow considers the manga a completely different kind of work and not a true sequel of "Ghost in the Shell". The original manga revolved around Public Security Section 9 and "Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface" follows what happens to the Major after she merges with the Puppeteer. Shirow drew the color pages on computer, in which he states was difficult to do due to technical issues with his computer. In the "short-cut" version of the manga, Masamune Shirow made the color darker and softer, but used more contrasting colors in the "standard" version. In the Japanese "Short-cut" version, further changes can be found, most notably an increase in nudity and pornographic scenes.


title: Ghost in the Shell (manga)

text: Shirow's thoughts and work on "Ghost in the Shell" contain numerous footnotes and detailed explanations about scenes to give readers an understanding of the sociological differences or technological advances and philosophical discussion of the material. Examples include concepts like the future of hacking techniques, in which a cyberbrain can be hacked to copy information without being detected. Shirow explains instances of spirit channeling in cyborgs with kiko energy. Shirow even wrote that this phenomenon may be related to the "hearing voices" in individuals that suffer from mental disabilities like schizophrenia. This belief is represented in Motoko's reasons for head hunting Togusa for Section 9. Shirow also notes that he believes these channelers do not speak with a human-like god, but instead tap into a phase of the universe which synchronizes with the channeler's functions. Other philosophical stances are represented such as Shirow's personal beliefs regarding death sentences and crime and punishment.


title: Ghost in the Shell (manga)

text: Shirow explains numerous facets of the daily life throughout his notes in "Ghost in the Shell". Cyborgs are shown consuming food, but Shirow noted that early in the development would have been pills or paste substance that would have both psychological and physical functions. The Fuchikoma robots also must consume in a sense, requiring replenishment of fluid for their neurochips every two months, but Fuchikoma are not entirely bio-robots. Shirow discussed in his notes how the family of Yano received notification of his death and what would be disclosed, but also notes strategic use and premature notifications exist for various purposes. The advancement of technology in Shirow's vision of the future is rapid, but the advancements are at least partially related to then-current technology. The concepts of a 3-D viewing room was based on "crude" golf simulator technology.


title: Ghost in the Shell (manga)

text: Other personal beliefs of Shirow are represented in the scenes and author's commentary, such metaphysics, religious references, and other philosophical stances that enter a range of topics including his thoughts on a rotating universe.


title: Ghost in the Shell (manga)

text: The removal of a two-page lesbian sex scene in Studio Proteus's localization of "Ghost in the Shell" was not well received, with readers reacting negatively to the removal of the previously uncensored content that was included in the original Dark Horse release. Toren Smith commented on Studio Proteus's actions claiming that requirement of the "mature readers only" would translate into a 40% loss in sales and likely have caused the immediate cancellation of the series. Shirow, who grew tired of "taking flak" over the pages, opted to remove them and reworked the previous page as necessary.


title: Ghost in the Shell (manga)

text: The sequel volume "Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface" also featured pornographic scenes and an increase in nudity in the "Short-cut" version in Japan. No such scenes were included in any of the Western versions.


title: Ghost in the Shell (manga)

text: The original "Ghost in the Shell" manga ran in the Kodansha's manga anthology "Young Magazine Kaizokuban" from the May 1990 to the November 1991 issues, and was released in "tankōbon" format on October 2, 1991. Dark Horse initially published it in English monthly into eight comic issues from March 1, 1995, to October 1, 1995, with the translation of Studio Proteus.<ref name="GITS-1/8"></ref><ref name="GITS-8/8"></ref> It was later collected into a single volume in trade paperback format on early December 1, 1995. An uncensored version was later released by Dark Horse Comics on October 6, 2004. The censored version of the Dark Horse manga was later republished by Kodansha Comics in 2009 and 2017.


title: Ghost in the Shell (manga)

text: The sequel "Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface" was penned by Shirow later. The sequel manga series ran in "Weekly Young Magazine" in 1997 and was originally released in hardcover format along with the original manga in a limited edition box set titled on December 1, 2000. The box set also contained a booklet titled "ManMachine Interface Inactive Module", a poster and a Fuchikoma robot action figure. Kodansha later released the standard edition in "tankōbon" format on June 26, 2001. The "SOLID BOX" version added over 140 pages of new content and more changes were added to the "tankōbon" version, such as 24 color pages and over 20 large modifications to existing pages. The manga was then distributed in English by Dark Horse Comics in 11 comic issues from January 29, 2003, to December 31, 2003.<ref name="GITS2-1/11"></ref><ref name="GITS2-11/11"></ref> Masamune Shirow manually redrew the manga for the English version so that it could be read from left to right. It was later collected into a single volume in trade paperback format on January 12, 2005. The manga was later republished by Kodansha Comics on August 10, 2010.


title: Ghost in the Shell (manga)

text: Four chapters that were published from 1991 to 1996 and not released in "tankōbon" format in previous releases were later collected into a single volume titled "Ghost in the Shell 1.5: Human-Error Processor". The manga was published on July 23, 2003, by Kodansha. It contained a booklet and a CD-ROM featuring the full stories, adding music to the manga scenes, and a screen saver. Dark Horse Comics announced an English version at the 2005 San Diego Comic-Con. The series was released as eight individual comic issues from November 1, 2006, to June 6, 2007, and was the first of the "Ghost in the Shell" manga released in the United States to read right-to-left.<ref name="GITS1.5-1/8"></ref><ref name="GITS1.5-8/8"></ref> The four original titles were each split into two each, to make up the 8 in this series. It was later collected in a single volume in trade paperback format on October 10, 2007. The manga was later republished by Kodansha Comics on September 25, 2012.


title: Ghost in the Shell (manga)

text: In August 2019, it was announced that a sequel to "1.5" by Junichi Fujisaku and Yuki Yoshimoto, titled "The Human Algorithm", would be published in September 2019 in "Young Magazine". It was published online via Kodansha's Comic Days app. In North America, it was published under Kodansha Comics. In November 2021, after the first part of the series ended, it was announced that the second part would be serialized in the "YanMaga Web" and "Comic Days" websites.


title: Ghost in the Shell (manga)

text: A number of artbooks detailing the concept art and world of "Ghost in the Shell" have been released. A box set titled was released on July 8, 1997. The box set contains a collection of posters illustrated by Masamune Shirow, a booklet and a puzzle. A guidebook titled was published by Kodansha and released on January 16, 1998. An art book titled was released by Kodansha on July 24, 2000. The book contains several different artwork and paper cut out figures of the Fuchikoma.


title: Ghost in the Shell (manga)

text: The "Ghost in the Shell" video game was developed by Exact and released for the PlayStation on July 17, 1997, in Japan by Sony Computer Entertainment. It is a third-person shooter featuring an original storyline where the character plays a rookie member of Section 9. The video game's soundtrack "Megatech Body" features various electronica artists.


title: Ghost in the Shell (manga)

text: Animation studio Production I.G has produced several different anime adaptations of "Ghost in the Shell", starting with the 1995 film of the same name, telling the story of Section 9's investigation of the Puppet Master. The film was followed by a sequel titled "", released in 2004. Meanwhile, a television series release began in 2002 under the title "", telling an alternate story from the manga and first film, featuring Section 9's investigations of government corruption in the Laughing Man and Individual Eleven incidents. The series ran for two seasons of 26 episodes each, with the second season titled "Ghost in the Shell: S.A.C. 2nd GIG". In 2006 a sequel film to the S.A.C. series was produced as "". 2013 saw the start of the "" OVA series with a plot set before the events of the original manga and consisting of four parts released through mid-2014. The series was recompiled in early 2015 as a television series titled "", airing with an additional two episodes (one part). An animated feature film produced by most of the "Arise" staff, titled "", was released on June 20, 2015.


title: Ghost in the Shell (manga)

text: A live-action Hollywood adaptation starring Scarlett Johansson as The Major was released in the US on March 31, 2017 by Paramount Pictures.


title: Ghost in the Shell (manga)

text: "Ghost in the Shell" has received mainly positive reviews. "Publishers Weekly" praised the manga for its artwork: "Masamune's b&w drawings are dynamic and beautifully gestural; he vividly renders the awesome urban landscape of a futuristic, supertechnological Japan." Leroy Douresseaux of the website ComicBookBin gave the manga an "A" stating: "It is visually potent and often inscrutable, but its sense of wonder and exploration makes its ideas still seem fresh two decades after its debut." Peter Gutiérrez of the website Graphic Novel Reporter praised the manga, writing: "In short, "Ghost in the Shell" is hard sci-fi of the best possible sort: the type that's so full of both undiluted artfulness and philosophy that it's arguably a must-read even for those who don't usually take to the genre." Greg McElhatton of Read About Comics praised the artwork, however criticized the manga for its story pacing and collection of short adventures stating, "I'm glad I got to experience Shirow's artistic view of the future and am a little interested in the idea of his "Intron Depot" art books, but on the whole "Ghost in the Shell" was a massive shell game: flashy and fascinating from a glance, but ultimately empty when you decide to dive in."


title: Ghost in the Shell (manga)

text: "Ghost in the Shell 2: Man-Machine Interface" has sold over 100,000 copies from its initial printing in Japan. Diamond Comic Distributors ranked the manga #7 in its Top Performing Manga list of 2005. Mike Crandol of "Anime News Network" criticized the manga for being too complex and overwhelming stating it is "too technical for its own good" but praised the new artwork, stating that Shirow's "canny drawing skills are supplemented by an innovative use of CGI graphics that represent the series' boldest artistic endeavor." "Publishers Weekly" praised the artwork as "the color and b&w graphics are stunning, brilliantly evoking the nonvisual world of data transmission" but stated that the story can be confusing.


title: Ghost in the Shell (manga)

text: "Ghost in the Shell 1.5: Human-Error Processor" was ranked #10 in "The New York Times" Manga Best Seller List on October 19, 2012. Scott Green of "Ain't It Cool News" praised the manga for its footnotes that "alone are worth the price of admission. The degree to which he apparently takes every aspect seriously and the amount of information he'd like to convey verges on a disorder."


title: Pomona, California

text: Pomona is a city in Los Angeles County, California. Pomona is located in the Pomona Valley, between the Inland Empire and the San Gabriel Valley. At the 2020 census, the city's population was 151,713. The main campus of California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, also known as Cal Poly Pomona, lies partially within Pomona's city limits, with the rest being located in the neigboring unincorporated community of Ramona.


title: Pomona, California

text: The city is named after Pomona, the ancient Roman goddess of fruit. For horticulturist Solomon Gates, "Pomona" was the winning entry in a contest to name the city in 1875, before anyone had ever planted a fruit tree there. The city was first settled by Ricardo Véjar and Ygnacio Palomares in the 1830s, when California and much of the now-American Southwest were part of Mexico.


title: Pomona, California

text: The first Anglo-Americans arrived prior to 1848 when the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo resulted in California becoming part of the United States. In 1864, the widow of Ygnacio Palomares of Rancho San José sold to Louis Phillips, a Jewish Prussian immigrant, who would shortly be known as "the richest man in Los Angeles County." He built the largest commercial building in Los Angeles central business district at the time, the Phillips Block, which would eventually house Hamburger's, the then-largest department store in the Western United States.


title: Pomona, California

text: Phillips sold a parcel of his land to William "Uncle Billy" Rubottom, in 1866 who founded a new town there and named it Spadra after his hometown, now part of Clarksville, Arkansas. The site of Spadra is west of the Pomona Station along Pomona Blvd. just east of the 57 (Orange) Freeway. Spadra became a stagecoach stop, Rubottom built the Spadra Hotel and Tavern to serve travelers, and by 1870, Spadra had 400–500 residents, three stores, a school, and a post office. In 1873, Phillips convinced the Southern Pacific Railroad to build a line to Spadra. Phillips thought Spadra would become a great town, and built his Phillips Mansion there in 1875, which together with the Spadra Cemetery are the only two remnants of the town that still exist today. Fullerton's Main north–south road was named Spadra Road for its first 75 years, as long before the 57 Freeway it was the road through Brea Canyon to Spadra, and was later renamed Harbor Boulevard. The Southern Pacific Railroad had a terminus at Spadra, but the line was extended east to Colton, and Spadra lost momentum. In 1964, the area was annexed by Pomona.


title: Pomona, California

text: By the 1880s, the arrival of Coachella Valley water which, together with railroad access, made it the western anchor of the citrus-growing region. Pomona was officially incorporated on January 6, 1888.


title: Pomona, California

text: In the 1920s Pomona was known as the "Queen of the Citrus Belt", with one of the highest per-capita levels of income in the United States. In the 1940s it was used as a movie-previewing location for major motion picture studios to see how their films would play to modally middle-class audiences around the country (for which Pomona was at that time viewed as an idealized example).


title: Pomona, California

text: Religious institutions are deeply embedded in the history of Pomona. There are now more than 120 churches, representing most religions in today's society. The historical architectural styles of these churches provide glimpses of European church design and architecture from other eras.


title: Pomona, California

text: Pomona Mall was a downtown pedestrian mall, recognized by the Los Angeles Conservancy as an outstanding example of Mid-century modern and modern architecture and design. It was completed in 1962, one element in a larger plan of civic improvements covering the whole city. The eastern end is now part of the Western University of Health Sciences campus, while the western end now houses numerous art galleries, art studios and restaurants.


title: Pomona, California

text: In 2005, Pomona citizens elected Norma Torres, the first woman of Guatemalan heritage to be elected to a mayoral post outside of Guatemala. Later, she would become a U.S. congresswoman representing California's 35th congressional district in 2015.


title: Pomona, California

text: Pomona is east of Los Angeles in the Pomona Valley, located at (34.060760, -117.755886). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , over 99% of it land.


title: Pomona, California

text: Pomona is approximately east of downtown Los Angeles, north of Santa Ana, west of Riverside, and west of San Bernardino.


title: Pomona, California

text: Pomona is bordered by the cities of San Dimas on the northwest, La Verne and Claremont on the north, Montclair and Chino on the east, Chino Hills and Diamond Bar on the south, Walnut, South San Jose Hills, and Industry on the southwest, and the unincorporated community of Ramona on the west. The Los Angeles/San Bernardino county line forms most of the city's southern and eastern boundaries.


title: Pomona, California

text: Pomona has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification "Csa") with hot, dry summers and mild, damp winters and a large amount of sunshine year-round. August is the warmest month with an average daytime high temperature of . Summers are characterized by sunny days and very little rainfall during the months of June through September. Fall brings cooler temperatures and occasional showers, as well as seasonal Santa Ana winds originating from the northeast. December is the coolest month with an average high temperature of . Winter also brings the majority of annual precipitation. Snowfall is virtually unheard of, but frost can occur once or twice a year. Annual precipitation averages .


title: Pomona, California

text: The 2010 United States Census reported that Pomona had a population of 149,058, a slight decline from the 2000 census population. The population density was . The racial makeup of Pomona was 71,564 (48.0%) White (12.5% Non-Hispanic White), 10,924 (7.3%) African American, 1,763 (1.2%) Native American, 12,688 (8.5%) Asian of which is Chinese 2,217 1.48%


title: Pomona, California

text: Vietnamese 1643 1.1% , 282 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 45,171 (30.3%) from other races, and 6,666 (4.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 105,135 persons (70.5%).


title: Pomona, California

text: The Census reported that 144,920 people (97.2% of the population) lived in households, 2,782 (1.9%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 1,356 (0.9%) were institutionalized.


title: Pomona, California

text: There were 38,477 households, out of which 19,690 (51.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 19,986 (51.9%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 6,960 (18.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 3,313 (8.6%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 2,823 (7.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 299 (0.8%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 5,810 households (15.1%) were made up of individuals, and 2,010 (5.2%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.77. There were 30,259 families (78.6% of all households); the average family size was 4.15.


title: Pomona, California

text: The population was spread out, with 43,853 people (29.4%) under the age of 18, 20,155 people (13.5%) aged 18 to 24, 42,311 people (28.4%) aged 25 to 44, 31,369 people (21.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 11,370 people (7.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29.5 years. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.4 males.


title: Pomona, California

text: There were 39,620 housing units at an average density of , of which 21,197 (55.1%) were owner-occupied, and 17,280 (44.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.0%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.9%. 80,968 people (54.3% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 63,952 people (42.9%) lived in rental housing units


title: Pomona, California

text: During 2009–2013, Pomona had a median household income of $49,474, with 21.6% of the population living below the federal poverty line.


title: Pomona, California

text: Since the 1980s, Pomona's newest neighborhood Phillips Ranch, experienced rapid growth with homes still being built in the hilly area between Downtown and Diamond Bar. Today, Phillips Ranch is nearly all residential. Northern Pomona has seen some gentrification with additional housing units added and revamped streetscapes. Pomona Electronics was originally based in the city.


title: Pomona, California

text: Pomona had two malls, the pedestrian Pomona Mall downtown and the Indian Hill Mall, both now defunct as malls per se, but still dedicated to retail and other uses.


title: Pomona, California

text: According to the city's 2018 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city and number of employees are Pomona Valley Hospital Medical Center (3,230), Pomona Unified School District (3,034), California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (2,440), Fairplex (1,071), Casa Colina Rehabilitation Center (1,020), City of Pomona (661), and County of Los Angeles Department of Social Services (350).


title: Pomona, California

text: The city is the site of the Fairplex, which hosts the L.A. County Fair and the Pomona Swap Meet & Classic Car Show. The swap meet (for car parts and accessories) is part of the car show, which is a single-day event held seven times throughout the year.


title: Pomona, California

text: The city is also home to the NHRA Auto Club Raceway at Pomona (formerly the Pomona Raceway), which hosts Winternationals drag racing competition.


title: Pomona, California

text: The city is governed by a seven-member city council. Regular municipal elections are held on a Tuesday after the first Monday in November in even-numbered years. Councilmembers serve four-year terms, and the mayor is the presiding councilmember, elected at-large. The other six members are elected by districts. Every eight months, the council appoints a new vice mayor from among its members.


title: Pomona, California

text: According to the city's most recent Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the city's various funds had $220.3 million in revenues, $225.5 million in expenditures, $818.3 million in total assets, $520 million in total liabilities, and $80.6 million in cash and investments.


title: Pomona, California

text: In the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, Pomona is in the 1st District, represented by Democrat Hilda Solis.


title: Pomona, California

text: The Los Angeles County Fire Department provides fire department services for Pomona on a contract basis.


title: Pomona, California

text: Most of Pomona and some of the surrounding area are served by the Pomona Unified School District. Pomona High School, Diamond Ranch High School, Ganesha High School, Garey High School, Fremont Academy, Palomares Academy, and Village Academy are PUSD's seven high schools. The Claremont Unified School District serves a small section of northern Pomona. Residents there are zoned to Sumner Elementary School, El Roble Intermediate School, and Claremont High School.


title: Pomona, California

text: There are four parochial schools of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles located in Pomona: St. Madeleine Catholic School (K-5), St. Joseph Elementary School (K–5), Pomona Catholic Middle School and High School and St. Christopher-Joseph-Aquinas Academic Academy (2 locations). There are also three Islamic schools: New Dimensions School (K-8), ICC Community School (K-8) and City of Knowledge (K-12).


title: Pomona, California

text: The major daily newspaper in the area is "Inland Valley Daily Bulletin". "La Opinión" is the city's major Spanish-language paper. There are also a wide variety of smaller regional newspapers, alternative weeklies and magazines, including:


title: Pomona, California

text: Pomona is connected to downtown Los Angeles and to downtown Riverside via Metrolink and is connected by Amtrak via the Sunset Limited and the Texas Eagle. In addition, Pomona will be connected to Los Angeles and eastern Los Angeles county via light rail when the Gold Line Foothill Extension is completed in 2026. When it opens, the rail line will be renamed the A Line per Metro's new naming convention, and it will connect with the former Blue Line via the new Regional Connector in downtown Los Angeles.


title: Pomona, California

text: Pomona is served by Foothill Transit. The "Silver Streak" is Foothill Transit's bus rapid transit line operating between eastbound to Montclair and westbound to Downtown Los Angeles. Omnitrans bus line 61 runs throughout downtown Pomona.


title: Pomona, California

text: The service runs much more frequently than other area mass transit, and operates around the clock. 60-foot NABI articulated buses are used on this route, similar to those used on the Metro G Line, Metro Local, and Metro Rapid.


title: Abundance of elements in Earth's crust

text: The abundance of elements in Earth's crust is shown in tabulated form with the estimated crustal abundance for each chemical element shown as mg/kg, or parts per million (ppm) by mass (10,000 ppm = 1%).


title: Abundance of elements in Earth's crust

text: Estimates of elemental abundance are difficult because (a) the composition of the upper and lower crust are quite different, and (b) the composition of the continental crust can vary drastically by locality.


title: Diet in Hinduism

text: Diet in Hinduism signifies the diverse traditions found across the Indian subcontinent. Hindu scriptures promote a vegetarian dietary ideal based on the concept of "ahimsa", non-violence and compassion towards all beings. According to Pew Research Center survey 44% of Hindus say they are vegetarian.


title: Diet in Hinduism

text: By mid-1st millennium BCE, all three major Indian religions – Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism – were championing non-violence as an ethical value, and something that affected one's rebirth. By about 200 CE, food and feasting on animal slaughter were widely considered as a form of violence against life forms, and became a religious and social taboo. Ralph Fitch, a gentleman merchant of London and one of the earliest English travellers to India wrote a letter home in 1580 stating, "They have a very strange order among them – they worship a cow and esteem much of the cow's dung to paint the walls of their houses ... They eat no flesh, but live by roots and rice and milk."


title: Diet in Hinduism

text: Evidence from the Vedas suggests the diet of the Vedic people consisted of cereals, initially barley but later dominated by rice, pulses such as "māsha" (urad), "mudga" (moong), and masūra (masoor), vegetables such as lotus roots, lotus stem, bottle gourd and milk products, mainly of cows, but also of buffaloes and goats. The Vedas describe animals including bulls, horses, rams and goats being sacrificed and eaten. Although cows held an elevated position in the Vedas, barren cows were also sacrificed. Even then, the word "aghnyā" ('not to be eaten', 'inviolable') is used for cows multiple times, with some Rigvedic composers considering the whole bovine species, both cows and bulls, inviolable.


title: Diet in Hinduism

text: Steven J. Rosen suggests that meat might only have been eaten as part of ritual sacrifices and not otherwise. Acts of animal sacrifice were not fully accepted as there were signs of unease and tension owing to the 'gory brutality of sacrificial butchery' dating back to as early as the older Vedas. The earliest reference to the idea of ahimsa or non-violence to animals ("pashu-ahimsa") in any literature, apparently in a moral sense, is found in the Kapisthala Katha Samhita of the Yajurveda (KapS 31.11), written about the 8th century BCE. The Shatapatha Brahmana contains one of the earliest statements against meat eating, and the Chāndogya Upaniṣad, has an injunction against killing 'all living entities'. Injunctions against meat-eating also appear in the Dharmasutras.


title: Diet in Hinduism

text: According to Kane, one who is about to eat food should greet the food when it is served to him, should honour it, never speak ill, and never find fault in it.


title: Diet in Hinduism

text: The Dharmasastra literature, states Patrick Olivelle, admonishes "people not to cook for themselves alone", offer it to the gods, to forefathers, to fellow human beings as hospitality and as alms to the monks and needy. Olivelle claims all living beings are interdependent in matters of food and thus food must be respected, worshipped and taken with care. Olivelle states that the Shastras recommend that when a person sees food, he should fold his hands, bow to it, and say a prayer of thanks.


title: Diet in Hinduism

text: The reverence for food reaches a state of extreme in the renouncer or monk traditions in Hinduism. The Hindu tradition views procurement and preparation of food as necessarily a violent process, where other life forms and nature are disturbed, in part destroyed, changed and reformulated into something edible and palatable. The mendicants (sannyasin, ascetics) avoid being the initiator of this process, and therefore depend entirely on begging for food that is left over of householders. In pursuit of their spiritual beliefs, states Olivelle, the "mendicants eat other people's left overs". If they cannot find left overs, they seek fallen fruit or seeds left in field after harvest.


title: Diet in Hinduism

text: The forest hermits of Hinduism, on the other hand, do not even beg for left overs. Their food is wild and uncultivated. Their diet would consist mainly of fruits, roots, leaves, and anything that grows naturally in the forest. They avoided stepping on plowed land, lest they hurt a seedling. They attempted to live a life that minimizes, preferably eliminates, the possibility of harm to any life form.


title: Diet in Hinduism

text: The "Manusmriti" discusses diet in chapter 5, where like other Hindu texts, it includes verses that strongly discourage meat eating, as well as verses where meat eating is declared appropriate in times of adversity and various circumstances, recommending that the meat in such circumstances be produced with minimal harm and suffering to the animal. The verses 5.48-5.52 of "Manusmriti" explain the reason for avoiding meat as follows (abridged),


title: Diet in Hinduism

text: In contrast, verse 5.33 of "Manusmriti" states that a man may eat meat in a time of adversity, verse 5.27 recommends that eating meat is okay if not eating meat may place a person's health and life at risk, while various verses such as 5.31 and 5.39 recommend that the meat be produced as a sacrifice. In verses 3.267 to 3.272, "Manusmriti" approves of fish and meats of deer, antelope, poultry, goat, sheep, rabbit and others as part of sacrificial food. However, Manusmriti is a law book not a spritiual book. So it permits to eat meat but it doesn't promote. In an exegetical analysis of "Manusmriti", Patrick Olivelle states that the document shows opposing views on eating meat was common among ancient Hindus, and that underlying emerging thought on appropriate diet was driven by ethic of non-injury and spiritual thoughts about all life forms, the trend being to reduce the consumption of meat and favour a non-injurious vegetarian lifestyle.


title: Diet in Hinduism

text: "Mahabharata" contains numerous stories glorifying non-violence towards animals and has some of the strongest statements against slaughter of animals—three chapters of the Epic are dedicated to the evils of meat-eating. Bhisma declares compassion to be the highest religious principle, and compares eating of animal flesh to eating the flesh of one's son. Nominally acknowledging Manu's authorisation of meat-eating in sacrificial context, Bhisma explains to Yudhiṣṭhira that "one who abstains from doing so acquires the same merit as that accrued from the performance of even a horse sacrifice" and that "those desirous of heaven perform sacrifice with seeds instead of animals". It is stated in Mahabharata that animal sacrifices were introduced only when people began to resort to violence in the "treta yuga", a less pure and compassionate age, and were not present in the "sat yuga", 'the golden age'.


title: Diet in Hinduism

text: Another ancient Indian text, the "Tirukkuṛaḷ", originally written in the South Indian language of Tamil, states moderate diet as a virtuous lifestyle and criticizes "non-vegetarianism" in its "Pulaan Maruthal" (abstinence from flesh or meat) chapter, through verses 251 through 260. Verse 251, for instance, questions "how can one be possessed of kindness, who, to increase his own flesh, eats the flesh of other creatures." It also says that "the wise, who are devoid of mental delusions, do not eat the severed body of other creatures" (verse 258), suggesting that "flesh is nothing but the despicable wound of a mangled body" (verse 257). It continues to say that not eating meat is a practice more sacred than the most sacred religious practices ever known (verse 259) and that only those who refrain from killing and eating the kill are worthy of veneration (verse 260). This text, written before 400 CE, and sometimes called the Tamil Veda, discusses eating habits and its role in a healthy life (Mitahara), dedicating Chapter 95 of Book II to it. The "Tirukkuṛaḷ" states in verses 943 through 945, "eat in moderation, when you feel hungry, foods that are agreeable to your body, refraining from foods that your body finds disagreeable". Valluvar also emphasizes overeating has ill effects on health, in verse 946, as "the pleasures of health abide in the man who eats moderately. The pains of disease dwell with him who eats excessively."


title: Diet in Hinduism

text: The Puranic texts fiercely oppose violence against animals in many places "despite following the pattern of being constrained by the Vedic imperative to nominally accept it in sacrificial contexts". The most important Puranic text, the "Bhagavata Purana" goes farthest in repudiating animal sacrifice—refraining from harming all living beings is considered the highest "dharma". The text states that the sin of harming animals cannot be washed away by performing "sham sacrifices", just as "mud cannot be washed away by mud". It graphically presents the horrific karmic reactions accrued from the performance of animal sacrifices—those who mercilessly cook animals and birds go to "kumbhipaka" and are fried in boiling oil and those who perform sham sacrifices are themselves cut to pieces in "viśasana" hell. The "Skanda Purana" states that the sages were dismayed by animal sacrifice and considered it against "dharma", claiming that sacrifice is supposed to be performed with grains and milk. It narrates that animal sacrifice was only permitted to feed the population during a famine, yet the sages did not slaughter animals even as they died of starvation. The "Matsya Purana" contains a dialogue between sages who disapprove of violence against animals, preferring rites involving oblations of fruits and vegetables. The text states that the negative karma accrued from violence against animals far outweighs any benefits.


title: Diet in Hinduism

text: Vegetarian castes are regarded to be superior than non-vegetarian caste. Eaters of clean animals like goats and sheep are considered higher compared to those who consume unclean animals like pigs and domesticated fowl. Carcasses eaters are lower to those who consume the meat of animals that have been killed for food. In addition to being an indication of poor social, economic, and ritual status, eating carcasses is considered to be eating impure meat because death makes the animal impure.


title: Diet in Hinduism

text: The process of Sanskritisation, a term coined by M. N. Srinivas in the 1950s, leads lower castes to adopt practices of ritually higher castes in order to improve the status of their community. One of these practices include adoption of a vegetarian diet. Examples of this practice include the Patidar, and other Gujarati Hindu communities who have adopted Vaishnavism, and vegetarianism that goes with it. This was also seen in the north indian Chamar caste.


title: Diet in Hinduism

text: Vegetarianism is a dietary ideal among many Hindus. It is considered "satvic", that is purifying the body and mind lifestyle in some Hindu texts.


title: Diet in Hinduism

text: Lacto-vegetarianism is favored by many Hindus, which includes milk-based foods and all other non-animal derived foods, but it excludes meat and eggs. There are three main reasons for this: the principle of nonviolence (ahimsa) applied to animals, the intention to offer only vegetarian food to their preferred deity and then to receive it back as prasad, and the conviction that non-vegetarian food is detrimental for the mind and for spiritual development. Many Hindus point to scriptural bases, such as the "Mahabharata"'s maxim that "Nonviolence is the highest duty and the highest teaching", as advocating a vegetarian diet.


title: Diet in Hinduism

text: A typical modern urban Hindu lacto-vegetarian meal is based on a combination of grains such as rice and wheat, legumes, green vegetables, and dairy products. Depending on the geographical region the staples may include millet based flatbreads. Fat derived from slaughtered animals is avoided.


title: Diet in Hinduism

text: A number of Hindus, particularly those following the Vaishnav tradition, refrain from eating onions and garlic either totally or during Chaturmas period (roughly July - November of the Gregorian calendar). In Maharashtra, a number of Hindu families also do not eat any egg plant (Brinjal / Aubergine) preparations during this period. The followers of ISKCON (International Society for Krishna Consciousness, Hare Krishna) abstain from meat, fish, and fowl. The related "Pushtimargi" sect followers also avoid certain vegetables such as onion, mushrooms and garlic, out of the belief that these are tamas (harmful). The mainly Gujarati Swaminarayan movement members staunchly adhere to a diet that is devoid of meat, eggs,seafood, onions and garlic.


title: Diet in Hinduism

text: A significant portion of Hindus are non-vegetarians, although even those categorised as non-vegetarian eat very little meat—India has significantly lower meat consumption than other regions. Hindus who eat meat, often distinguish all other meat from beef. The respect for cow is part of Hindu belief, and most Hindus avoid meat sourced from cow as cows are treated as a motherly giving animal, considered as another member of the family. A small minority of Nepalese Hindu sects sacrifice buffalo at the Gadhimai festival, but consider cows different from buffalo or other red meat sources. However, the sacrifice of buffalo was banned by the Gadhimai Temple Trust in 2015. The Cham Hindus of Vietnam also do not eat beef.


title: Diet in Hinduism

text: Some Hindus who eat non-vegetarian food abstain from eating non-vegetarian food during festivals such as Janmastami. In Bengal, on the other hand, traditionally goats are ritually sacrificed during the festival of Kali Puja in the Hindu month of Kartik (late October - early November in the Gregorian calendar) and the meat cooked is offered to the deity, and then consumed by the devotees as the prasad.


title: Diet in Hinduism

text: Prasad or Prasadam is a religious offering in Hinduism. Most often it is vegetarian food especially cooked for devotees after praise and thanksgiving to a deity. Mahaprasada (also called Bhandarā), is the consecrated food offered to the deity in a Hindu temple which is then distributed and partaken by all the devotees regardless of any orientation.


title: Diet in Hinduism

text: Prasad is closely linked to the term Naivedya (), also spelt Naivedhya', naibedya or Naived(h)yam. The food offered to God is called Naivedya, while the sacred food sanctified and returned by God as a blessing is called Prasad. Naivedya and prasad can be non-vegetarian food prepared from an animal such as goat sacrificed for deity such as Kali in Eastern India, or Chhastisgarh.


title: Diet in Hinduism

text: Hindu calendar has many festivals and religious observations, and dishes specific to that festival are prepared.


title: Diet in Hinduism

text: Hindus prepare special dishes for different festivals. Kheer, and Halwa are two desserts for Diwali. Puran poli, and Gujia are prepared for Holi in different parts of India.


title: Diet in Hinduism

text: Hindu people fast on days such as Ekadashi, in honour of Lord Vishnu or his Avatars, Chaturthi in honour of Ganesh, Mondays in honour of Shiva, or Saturdays in honour of Maruti or Saturn. Only certain kinds of foods are allowed to be eaten during the fasting period. These include milk and other dairy products such as dahi, fruit and starchy Western food items such as "sago", potatoes, purple-red sweet potatoes, amaranth seeds, nuts and shama millet. Popular fasting dishes include Farari chevdo, "Sabudana Khichadi" or peanut soup.


title: Killer Croc

text: Killer Croc is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly as an adversary of the superhero Batman. The character belongs to the collective of adversaries that make up Batman's rogues gallery. Originally a sideshow wrestler, Waylon Jones suffers from a rare genetic condition that eventually gave him a crocodile-like appearance. Driven insane by his irreversible transformation, he adopted the name "Killer Croc" and turned to a life of crime, over time developing animalistic tendencies which make him a dangerous individual. The character has also been a member of the Suicide Squad, debuting in the fifth volume of the comic series revolving around the team, and a romantic interest of Enchantress. Originally portrayed as a supervillain, later stories would show the character in a more anti-heroic light.


title: Killer Croc

text: The character has been adapted into various media, most revolving around Batman. Killer Croc made his live-action debut in the 2016 DC Extended Universe film "Suicide Squad", portrayed by Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje. A version of the character appeared in the third season of the Arrowverse series "Batwoman", performed by Heidi Ben.


title: Killer Croc

text: Killer Croc was created by writer Gerry Conway and artist Gene Colan. The character made cameo appearances in "Detective Comics" #523 (February 1983) and "Batman" #357 (March 1983), with his full first appearance in "Detective Comics" #524 (March 1983).


title: Killer Croc

text: Waylon Jones was born with a rare form of atavism that imparted him with reptilian traits with his birth causing the death of his mother. He was raised by his aunt, an abusive alcoholic who called him names like "lizardboy" and "reptilian freak". Croc eventually killed his aunt and became a criminal in Gotham City. After committing several murders, he faced off against Batman and the new Robin, Jason Todd, who defeated him.


title: Killer Croc

text: In these original, Pre-"Crisis" appearances, Killer Croc resembled a powerfully built man covered entirely in green scales, but was still basically human in his facial proportions and build. He was also originally depicted as killing Jason Todd's parents (this was later retconned to make Two-Face their murderer).


title: Killer Croc

text: Killer Croc escaped custody and sought revenge on Harvey Bullock and two other criminals who got him in jail. Batman tracked him down and Croc went into a homicidal rage. When new water tunnels were built, which would flood Killer Croc's new home, Croc seemingly sacrificed himself to hold the water back when they finally were open.


title: Killer Croc

text: In reality, Croc was buried under rubble and was freed from his prison by storm drains. Killer Croc survived on rats and was isolated for months, driving him further into madness. Croc later went on a rampage after a confrontation with a vagrant, and winds up in a shopping mall. After delivering several blows to Croc, Batman is distracted by a glimpse of Bane. Croc then grabs Batman and tries to break his back. He fails, and Bane pits himself against Croc, breaking his arms. Croc is then put back into Arkham Asylum.


title: Killer Croc

text: When Bane breaks the inmates out of Arkham Asylum in the "" saga, Croc attempts to get revenge on Bane. While in the sewers, he smells Bane and goes after him and the two fight each other atop a ledge. Bane casually breaks one of Croc's arms again, but Croc fights until the ledge they are standing on breaks and the two fall into the sewers. The fight ends up as a draw. Croc later returns, attacking the docks to try to lure Bane out for a rematch, but is defeated by Dick Grayson (now acting as Batman after Bruce defeated Valley before taking time off for self-analysis) without the villain realizing that he is facing a new Batman. Killer Croc is left for the police in a fishing net all bruised up with a broken arm.


title: Killer Croc

text: Killer Croc is summoned by a paranormal force to break out of Arkham and make his way to the Louisiana swamps. Batman follows him there, only to find that the mysterious force is actually the Swamp Thing, who offers Croc a place in the swampland where he can finally give in to his animal side, live free from human persecution and have a peaceful and joyous life.


title: Killer Croc

text: Killer Croc has appeared in both the "" storyline and its chronological follow-up, "Broken City". In the former, he is infected with a virus that greatly increases the rate of his devolution, 'overseeing' a kidnapping for Hush before Batman defeats him; this provides Batman's first clue that someone else is orchestrating events, as he knows that Croc is too stupid to attempt a complex scheme like a kidnapping on his own due to the many variables. Though Killer Croc was briefly restored to his original form, the Mad Hatter, under Black Mask's orders, implanted Killer Croc with a device that made him loyal to Black Mask and caused the virus to return. Batman freed Croc from Black Mask's control. Croc attempted to take revenge on the Mad Hatter, but was stopped by Batman. Croc then escaped.


title: Killer Croc

text: When an attempt at a cure fails, Killer Croc devours the involved doctor and retreats to the sewers, vowing vengeance on Batman and Black Mask.


title: Killer Croc

text: In "Infinite Crisis", Croc becomes a member of Alexander Luthor, Jr.'s Secret Society of Super Villains.


title: Killer Croc

text: One Year Later during the "" storyline, Killer Croc is shown to have been feeding on the dead body of an orca. He next shows up in "Countdown" where he breaks free from his shackles in Arkham Asylum and attempts to kill Jimmy Olsen, who uses elastic powers to escape. Killer Croc is then subdued.


title: Killer Croc

text: He is later seen among the exiled supervillains in "Salvation Run." After the Martian Manhunter is defeated and imprisoned in a fiery cage, Croc suggests that he will eat the Martian. Lex Luthor forbids it.


title: Killer Croc

text: During the "Final Crisis" storyline, Killer Croc can be seen as the member of Libra's Secret Society of Super Villains. Killer Croc is later turned into a Justifier.


title: Killer Croc

text: In the "" storyline, Killer Croc is recruited by a new Black Mask to be a part of a group of villains aiming to take over Gotham and Bludhaven.


title: Killer Croc

text: During the events of "Brightest Day", Killer Croc is intentionally released from his cell by a guard whom Osiris kills when Deathstroke and his band of Titans infiltrate Arkham. While attempting to flee from the facility, he is attacked by Osiris who mistakes Killer Croc for his old enemy Sobek.


title: Killer Croc

text: In the continuity of DC's 2011 reboot "The New 52", Killer Croc is established to have fought Roy Harper in Hell's Kitchen in a flashback seen in "Red Hood and the Outlaws". He is then passingly referenced by Roy, as he is Roy's current sponsor for his alcoholism at the time when Roy was in a bar with Jason Todd. Roy is only drinking water, but knows that Waylon would disapprove.


title: Killer Croc

text: During the 2013–2014 "Forever Evil" storyline, Croc began ruling over Gotham's lower class. He murders a corrupt S.W.A.T. team that murdered one of the few people who were nice to him. When the Crime Syndicate invades Earth, Croc takes over Wayne Tower. He is confronted by the villain Bane, who injects Croc with Venom, turning Croc into a hulking giant, whom Bane then defeats.