title: Marsala wine

text: Marsala fortified wine was probably first popularized outside Sicily by the English trader John Woodhouse. In 1773, he landed at the port of Marsala and discovered the local wine produced in the region, which was aged in wooden casks and tasted similar to Spanish and Portuguese fortified wines then popular in England. Fortified Marsala was, and is, made using a process called "in perpetuum", which is similar to the "solera" system used to produce Sherry in Jerez, Spain.


title: Marsala wine

text: Woodhouse recognized that the "in perpetuum" process raised the alcohol level and alcoholic taste of this wine while also preserving these characteristics during long-distance sea travel. Woodhouse further believed that fortified Marsala would be popular in England. Marsala indeed proved so successful that Woodhouse returned to Sicily and, in 1796, began its mass production and commercialization. In 1806, it was Benjamin Ingham (1784–1861), arriving in Sicily from Leeds, who opened new markets for Marsala in Europe and the Americas. Founded by Benjamin Ingham and later run by Joseph Whitaker and William Ingham Whitaker. Joseph and his brother William Ingham Whitaker inherited vast vineyards and his great grandfather Ingham's banking empire.


title: Marsala wine

text: In 1833, the entrepreneur Vincenzo Florio, a Calabrese by birth and Palermitano by adoption, bought up great swathes of land between the two largest established Marsala producers and set to making his own vintage with even more exclusive range of grape.


title: Marsala wine

text: Florio purchased Woodhouse's firm, among others, in the late nineteenth century and consolidated the Marsala wine industry. Florio and Pellegrino remain the leading producers of Marsala today.


title: Marsala wine

text: Marsala is produced using the Grillo, Inzolia, Catarratto and Damaschino white grape varietals, among others.


title: Marsala wine

text: Marsala contains about 15–20% alcohol by volume. Different Marsala wines are classified according to their color, sweetness, and the duration of their ageing. The three levels of sweetness are "secco" (with a maximum 40 grams of residual sugar per liter), "semisecco" (41–100 g/L) and "sweet" (over 100 g/L). The color and ageing classifications are as follows:


title: Marsala wine

text: Marsala wine was traditionally served as an aperitif between the first and second courses of a meal. Contemporary diners will serve its drier versions chilled with Parmesan (stravecchio), Gorgonzola, Roquefort, and other spicy cheeses, with fruits or pastries, and the sweeter at room temperature as a dessert wine. Marsala is sometimes discussed with another Sicilian wine, "Passito di Pantelleria" (Pantelleria Island's raisin wine).


title: Marsala wine

text: Marsala wine is frequently used in cooking, and is especially prevalent in dishes served in Italian restaurants in the United States.


title: Marsala wine

text: Dry Marsala wine is used in savory cooking. A typical savory Marsala sauce, for example, involves reducing the wine almost to a syrup with onions or shallots, then adding mushrooms and herbs. One of the most popular Marsala recipes is chicken marsala, in which flour-coated pounded chicken breast halves are braised in a mixture of Marsala, butter, olive oil, mushrooms, and spices. Marsala is also used in some risotto recipes.


title: Freddie Wong

text: Freddie Wong (born September 13, 1985) is an American Internet celebrity, filmmaker, VFX artist, podcaster, and competitive gamer. Wong has participated in at least three YouTube channels; with "RocketJump", his production company's main channel, supporting over 9 million subscribers; "BrandonJLa", a channel including behind the scenes videos and other content, which holds over 1.1 million subscribers; and "Node", a gaming channel with over 3.2 million subscribers. He is also known for creating the web series "Video Game High School".


title: Freddie Wong

text: Wong attended Lakeside School in Seattle, Washington. He then attended and graduated from the University of Southern California School of Cinematic Arts. Wong owns and manages Overcrank Media, a Los Angeles-based media production company specializing in feature film and online video content, having produced an independent film titled "Bear". Wong met his future collaborator Brandon Laatsch in college.


title: Freddie Wong

text: Wong launched a YouTube channel in 2006, initially uploading gameplay footage to wide success, and competed in the World Series of Video Games in Dallas in July 2007. He won first prize in the "Guitar Hero 2" competition, playing the song "Less Talk More Rokk" by Freezepop. It was around this time that he began uploading videos to YouTube and finding popularity with his comedic or video game-related content.


title: Freddie Wong

text: During MTV's "Gamer's Week" celebration in November 2007, Freddie appeared as a guest on "Total Request Live". Participating in the program with his newly formed band Hellanor Brozevelt, Wong was part of a country-wide search to find the best "Rock Band" ensemble. After receiving tutelage from well-known rockers Good Charlotte, Brozevelt performed at the Hard Rock Cafe in New York against Chicago-based Carrie Me Home.


title: Freddie Wong

text: Wong's videos would sometimes feature celebrity cameos, with Jimmy Kimmel in a bathroom tie battle, Andy Whitfield appearing in a "Time Crisis" tribute video, Kevin Pollak appearing in a Hypnotism stunt, Shenae Grimes in a romantic gun action scene, Ray William Johnson in a troll infestation video, Eliza Dushku appearing in an action scene, Jon Favreau featuring in his video based on "Cowboys & Aliens", the glam metal band Steel Panther appearing in his video based on the Crossfire board game, and Smosh appearing in his video "Huge Guns (with Smosh)".


title: Freddie Wong

text: In 2010, Wong helped Joe Penna, known as MysteryGuitarMan on YouTube, shoot a commercial for McDonald's, and assisted Wong Fu Productions in actions scenes of "Agents of Secret Stuff". In 2011 Wong produced, co-directed, and acted in a TV commercial for "Battlefield 3" at the request of Electronic Arts.


title: Freddie Wong

text: In 2011, along with his partners Matt Arnold and Desmond "Dez" Dolly, Wong formed the production company RocketJump. They began work on the web series "Video Game High School", which began releasing episodes on May 11, 2012, achieved over 100 million views across various online platforms. The series was based on a concept by Will Campos and Chris Pappavaselio. The team was able to raise funding for the series through Kickstarter, where they set a funding goal for $75,000 to be raised in a 30-day period. That amount was quickly pledged in less than 24 hours and continued to climb from there. On October 22, 2011, pledging came to a close, with $273,725 raised for the project from 5,661 backers. The series ran for three seasons, with the final season having a crowd funded budget of over $2.4 million. The final episode of the series was released November 17, 2014, on the RocketJump website and YouTube.


title: Freddie Wong

text: In late 2013, Wong's channel, "freddiew" was renamed to ""Rocketjump"", and "freddiew2" was renamed to ""BrandonJLa"". Brandon Laatsch also announced that he and Wong would no longer work together on projects, and any short videos or "shorts" would be posted on either NODE (a gaming channel run by Laatsch and Corridor Digital's Niko Pueringer and Sam Gorski) or BrandonJLa. This was done because they wanted to work on separate projects, as Wong was busy with "Video Game High School," and Brandon started working on a VR engine and game "Boneworks".


title: Freddie Wong

text: In 2017, Wong announced that RocketJump would be pivoting away from regular shorts, in favour of other projects. RocketJump stopped uploading videos altogether in 2018, after the second season of "Anime Crimes Division".


title: Freddie Wong

text: From April 2017 to October 2021, Wong co-hosted the podcast "Story Break" on the Maximum Fun network. As described on the RocketJump website, the show features "[co-hosts] Will Campos, Matt Arnold, and Freddie Wong sit[ting] down in the RocketJump writer's room and attempt[ing] to 'break' a story for a ridiculous concept, property, or idea that [they] in NO way have any rights to." The podcast concluded in 2021, both due to the hosts feeling creatively satisfied with the show and to allow them more time to work on upcoming projects.


title: Freddie Wong

text: Since January 2019 Wong has been a collaborator on a "Dungeons & Dragons" actual play podcast called "Dungeons and Daddies", along with Will Campos, Anthony Burch, Matt Arnold, and Beth May. The podcast is about four dads from Earth that are transported to the Forgotten Realms (one of the official settings for "Dungeons and Dragons" Fifth Edition) and go on a quest to search for their lost sons. Wong edits the show and is one of the four players, with Burch as the Dungeon Master.


title: Freddie Wong

text: On October 21, 2021, RocketJump revealed on Facebook that they're beginning work on their first feature film. Shooting took place in late 2021 in Southern California and Utah.


title: Freddie Wong

text: Wong is the older brother of actor and YouTuber Jimmy Wong, who co-starred in "Video Game High School". His father is Chinese, from Canton, and his mother is of Chinese and Mongol ancestry. His uncle is Corey Yuen, a film director and stunt choreographer.


title: Shania Twain discography

text: Canadian singer Shania Twain has released five studio albums, three compilation albums, three remix albums, one box set, two live albums, 44 singles, 38 music videos, six promotional singles, and made six guest appearances. Twain's repertoire has sold over 34 million albums in the United States alone, placing her as the top-selling female artist in country music. Moreover, with 48 million copies shipped, she is ranked as the 26th best-selling artist overall in the US, tying with Kenny G for the spot. She is also recognized as one of the best-selling music artists in history, selling over 100 million records worldwide and thus becoming the top-selling female artist in country music ever.


title: Shania Twain discography

text: In 1992, Twain signed to Mercury Records Nashville in the United States and released her eponymous debut studio album, "Shania Twain", the following year. It was a commercial failure, peaking at number 67 on "Billboard" Top Country Albums chart, and produced three singles, which were also commercial failures. However, the album attracted the interest of record producer Robert John "Mutt" Lange. He and Twain collaborated on her second release, "The Woman in Me", which was released in 1995. "The Woman in Me" commenced with small sales but eventually led Twain to commercial success. It topped Top Country Albums and peaked at number five on the main-genre "Billboard" 200. The album was certified 12 times platinum (diamond) by the RIAA and sold over 7.6 million copies, according to Nielsen SoundScan. Furthermore, "The Woman in Me" led to success in the singer's native country, Canada, where it was certified double diamond by Music Canada and was once the best-selling album by a female country singer; Twain later surpassed herself. The album spawned eight singles, four of which ("Any Man of Mine", "(If You're Not in It for Love) I'm Outta Here!", "You Win My Love", and "No One Needs to Know") topped the US Hot Country Singles & Tracks.


title: Shania Twain discography

text: In 1997, Twain followed with "Come On Over", which topped Top Country Albums for a record 50 non-consecutive weeks and had tremendous pop crossover success. It peaked at number two on the "Billboard" 200 and remained in the top 10 for a total of 53 weeks, making it the longest-running top 10 album by a country artist at the time. Certified 20 times platinum (double diamond) by the RIAA and with 15.5 million copies sold, "Come On Over" established itself as one of the best-selling albums of all time in the US and was once the best-selling album of the Nielsen SoundScan era; it now ranks second behind Metallica's 1991 eponymous album. In Canada, it reached similar success and was certified double diamond by Music Canada. In 1998, "Come On Over" was released internationally, duplicating the commercial success it encountered in North America. It became one of the best-selling albums in several countries, including Australia and the United Kingdom. With a total of 40 million copies sold worldwide, "Come On Over" also became one of the best-selling albums worldwide. Furthermore, the album is the best-selling album by a female artist in any genre and the best-selling country album of all time. A total of 12 singles were released from the album. Three ("Love Gets Me Every Time", "You're Still the One" and "Honey, I'm Home") topped Hot Country Singles & Tracks. A total of 10 songs charted within the top 10 of the chart, marking the most top 10 appearances from one album on Hot Country Singles & Tracks. Several performed well internationally, namely "You're Still the One", "From This Moment On", "That Don't Impress Me Much", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman!", and "Don't Be Stupid (You Know I Love You)", all of which received platinum certifications by the ARIA (ARIA).


title: Shania Twain discography

text: In 2002, five years following the original release of "Come On Over", came the release of the double-disc album "Up!". The release became Twain's first number-one album in the US, topping the "Billboard" 200 for five consecutive weeks. "Up!" sold over 5.4 million copies, yet was certified 11 times platinum (diamond) by the RIAA for being a multi-disc release with over 100 minutes in length (see RIAA certification). Nevertheless, as Twain's third diamond album, it made her the only artist to have three consecutive diamond RIAA certified albums. Like her two previous albums, "Up!" was also certified double diamond in Canada. Despite achieving much commercial success, "Up!" was unable to duplicate the tremendous outcomes of "Come on Over". It produced eight singles, led by "I'm Gonna Getcha Good!", a song that became the singer's first number-one in Canada. In 2004, Twain released a "Greatest Hits" package that was certified quadruple platinum by the RIAA and spawned three new singles including the hit "Party for Two". Concluding a six-year hiatus, Twain released the single "Today Is Your Day" in 2011. On September 29, 2017, Twain released her fifth studio album "Now". The album peaked at number one on the "Billboard" 200, becoming her second album to top the chart.


title: Tiresias

text: In Greek mythology, Tiresias (; ) was a blind prophet of Apollo in Thebes, famous for clairvoyance and for being transformed into a woman for seven years. He was the son of the shepherd Everes and the nymph Chariclo. Tiresias participated fully in seven generations in Thebes, beginning as advisor to Cadmus himself.


title: Tiresias

text: Eighteen allusions to mythic Tiresias, noted by Luc Brisson, fall into three groups: the first recounts Tiresias' sex-change episode and later his encounter with Zeus and Hera; the second group recounts his blinding by Athena; the third, all but lost, seems to have recounted the misadventures of Tiresias.


title: Tiresias

text: Like other oracles, how Tiresias obtained his information varied: sometimes, he would receive visions; other times he would listen for the songs of birds, or ask for a description of visions and pictures appearing within the smoke of burnt offerings or entrails, and so interpret them. Pliny the Elder credits Tiresias with the invention of augury.


title: Tiresias

text: On Mount Cyllene in the Peloponnese, as Tiresias came upon a pair of copulating snakes, he hit the pair with his stick. Hera was displeased, and she punished Tiresias by transforming him into a woman. As a woman, Tiresias became a priestess of Hera, married and had children, including Manto, who also possessed the gift of prophecy. After seven years as a woman, Tiresias again found mating snakes; depending on the myth, either she made sure to leave the snakes alone this time, or, according to Hyginus, trampled on them. Either way, as a result, Tiresias was released from his sentence and permitted to regain his masculinity. This ancient story was recorded in lost lines of Hesiod.


title: Tiresias

text: In Hellenistic and Roman times Tiresias' sex-change was embellished and expanded into seven episodes, with appropriate amours in each, probably written by the Alexandrian Ptolemaeus Chennus, but attributed by Eustathius to Sostratus of Phanagoria's lost elegiac "Tiresias". Tiresias is presented as a complexly liminal figure, mediating between humankind and the gods, male and female, blind and seeing, present and future, this world and the Underworld.


title: Tiresias

text: According to the mythographic compendium "Bibliotheke", different stories were told of the cause of his blindness, the most direct being that he was simply blinded by the gods for revealing their secrets. An alternative story told by Pherecydes was followed in Callimachus' poem "The Bathing of Pallas"; in it, Tiresias was blinded by Athena after he stumbled onto her bathing naked. His mother, Chariclo, a nymph of Athena, begged Athena to undo her curse, but the goddess could not; instead, she cleaned his ears, giving him the ability to understand birdsong, thus the gift of augury. In a separate episode, Tiresias was drawn into an argument between Hera and her husband Zeus, on the theme of who has more pleasure in sex: the man, as Hera claimed, or, as Zeus claimed, the woman. As Tiresias had experienced both, Tiresias replied, "Of ten parts a man enjoys one only." Hera instantly struck him blind for his impiety. Zeus could do nothing to stop her or reverse her curse, but in recompense he did give Tiresias the gift of foresight and a lifespan of seven lives.


title: Tiresias

text: He is said to have understood the language of birds and could divine the future from indications in a fire, or smoke. However, it was the communications of the dead he relied on the most, menacing them when they were late to attend him.


title: Tiresias

text: Tiresias makes a dramatic appearance in the "Odyssey", book XI, in which Odysseus calls up the spirits of the dead (the "nekyia"). "So sentient is Tiresias, even in death," observes Marina Warner "that he comes up to Odysseus and recognizes him and calls him by name before he has drunk the black blood of the sacrifice; even Odysseus' own mother cannot accomplish this, but must drink deep before her ghost can see her son for himself."


title: Tiresias

text: As a seer, "Tiresias" was "a common title for soothsayers throughout Greek legendary history" (Graves 1960, 105.5). In Greek literature, Tiresias' pronouncements are always given in short maxims which are often cryptic (gnomic), but never wrong. Often when his name is attached to a mythic prophecy, it is introduced simply to supply a personality to the generic example of a seer, not by any inherent connection of Tiresias with the myth: thus it is Tiresias who tells Amphitryon of Zeus and Alcmena and warns the mother of Narcissus that the boy will thrive as long as he never knows himself. This is his emblematic role in tragedy ("see below"). Like most oracles, he is generally extremely reluctant to offer the whole of what he sees in his visions.


title: Tiresias

text: Tiresias appears as the name of a recurring character in several stories and Greek tragedies concerning the legendary history of Thebes. In "The Bacchae", by Euripides, Tiresias appears with Cadmus, the founder and first king of Thebes, to warn the current king Pentheus against denouncing Dionysus as a god. Along with Cadmus, he dresses as a worshiper of Dionysus to go up the mountain to honor the new god with the Theban women in their Bacchic revels.


title: Tiresias

text: In Sophocles' "Oedipus Rex", Oedipus, the king of Thebes, calls upon Tiresias to aid in the investigation of the killing of the previous king Laius. At first, Tiresias refuses to give a direct answer and instead hints that the killer is someone Oedipus really does not wish to find. However, after being provoked to anger by Oedipus' accusation first that he has no foresight and then that Tiresias had a hand in the murder, he reveals that in fact it was Oedipus himself who had (unwittingly) committed the crime. Outraged, Oedipus throws him out of the palace, but then afterwards realizes the truth.


title: Tiresias

text: Tiresias also appears in Sophocles' "Antigone". Creon, now king of Thebes, refuses to allow Polynices to be buried. His niece, Antigone, defies the order and is caught; Creon decrees that she is to be buried alive. The gods express their disapproval of Creon's decision through Tiresias, who tells Creon 'the city is sick through your fault.'


title: Tiresias

text: Tiresias died after drinking water from the tainted spring Tilphussa, where he was impaled by an arrow of Apollo.


title: Tiresias

text: His shade descended to the Asphodel Meadows, the first level of Hades. After his death, he was visited in the underworld by Odysseus, to whom he gave valuable advice concerning the rest of his odyssey, such as how to get past Scylla and Charybdis. He also advised him not to eat the cattle of Helios on Thrinacia (advice which Odysseus' men did not follow, which led to them getting killed by Zeus' thunderbolts during a storm).


title: Tion Wayne

text: Dennis Junior Odunwo (born 1 September 1993), known professionally as Tion Wayne, is a British rapper and DJ from Edmonton, North London.


title: Tion Wayne

text: He appeared on three top-10 singles on UK Singles Chart as a guest – NSG's "Options", "Keisha & Becky" with Russ Millions and KSI's track "Houdini" – before getting his first top 10 hit as the lead artist with "I Dunno" featuring Dutchavelli and Stormzy, which peaked at number 7, and having his first number 1 with "Body" alongside Russ Millions.


title: Tion Wayne

text: Dennis Junior Odunwo was born in Edmonton in the Borough of Enfield, North London. His parents are from Nigeria. His mother was a nurse and his father was a computer engineer. He is a middle child and wanted to become an accountant.


title: Tion Wayne

text: Odunwo began to make a name for himself in the music scene in 2010 after dropping a handful of videos on YouTube. By 2014, he had released his first mixtape, titled "Wayne's World". Odunwo slowly began building a loyal following. By 2016, he had supported artists such as American rapper Rick Ross and Ghanaian artist Sarkodie. His follow-up mixtape, "Wayne's World Vol. 2", was also released that year. In 2017, Odunwo released "Transition EP". He made his UK Singles Chart-debut in early 2019 when he was featured on London-based group NSG's single "Options", which peaked at number seven. He also released "Wayne's World 3" in 2019.


title: Tion Wayne

text: His single "Keisha & Becky" with fellow British rapper Russ Millions also reached the UK top 10, peaking at number seven. In 2020, Odunwo was featured, alongside rapper and singer Swarmz, and rapper KSI's single "Houdini". The single peaked at number six in the UK Singles Charts. Soon after that, he released his single "I Dunno" featuring Dutchavelli and Stormzy, which also reached the UK top 10, peaking at number seven.


title: Tion Wayne

text: In 2021, Tion Wayne released "Body", a second collaboration with Russ Millions. A remix was released on 22 April. The song charted at number 1 on the UK Singles Chart, becoming the first UK drill song to chart at number 1.


title: Tion Wayne

text: On 4 March 2017, Odunwo was involved in a brawl outside a nightclub in Clifton, Bristol where he was among the performers who had been DJing at the venue. The brawl involved more than 100 people. Odunwo, along with three other men, were sentenced at Bristol Crown Court on 9 November. Odunwo was jailed for 16 months.


title: Tion Wayne

text: On 17 November 2020, Odunwo was involved in an altercation with rapper Headie One on board a flight from Dubai to London in which the rapper Morrisson tried to break up shortly after boarding.


title: Laura Berlin

text: Laura Berlin (born 13 March 1990) is a German actress and model. She is known for her role as Emma of Normandy in the Netflix original series "", which premiered in 2022.


title: Laura Berlin

text: At the age of 15, Laura Berlin was discovered by a model agency and became a model. Two years later she joined VIVA Models and took part to fashion shows for Boss, Balenciaga, Michalsky, and Fornarina. Meanwhile, she worked for IMG Models and was regularly invited to Paris and Milan. At the age of 17, she was featured on the front page of the Italian edition of "Elle". She went on to be featured in other fashion magazines. Since her graduation in 2009, she has worked full-time as a model and has been signed with several famous model agencies from around the world.


title: Laura Berlin

text: After she gained her initial acting experience from school theatre and private acting lessons, she made her first television appearance at the age of 19 as the main character in Thomas Freundner's fairytale film "Schneewittchen" (ARD) alongside well-known actors like Sonja Kirchberger, Jaecki Schwarz, Martin Brambach, and Jörg Schüttauf. Collaboration with acting management agencies led to further film projects. Berlin appeared in several advertising spots of well-known brands as well as in a music video of the rock band Oomph!. She took the role of Charlotte Montrose in the films "Ruby Red" (2013), "Saphirblau" (2014) and "Smaragdgrün" (2016) inspired by Kerstin Gier's book series "Ruby Red Trilogy". In 2016, she played the main role in the music video of Prinz Pi's song "". Moreover, she played the role of a bewildered ghost girl as a guest star in the series "Binny and the Ghost".


title: Laura Berlin

text: Since December 2016, she has appeared as Jenny Hülshoff in the Internet series "" published on YouTube.


title: Laura Berlin

text: Most recently, she stars as the unshakeable leader, Queen Emma in the new series "" directed by Jeb Stuart, airing on Netflix.


title: CheyTac Intervention

text: The CheyTac Intervention also known as the CheyTac M200, is an American bolt-action sniper rifle manufactured by CheyTac USA, which can also be classified as an anti-materiel rifle. It is fed by a 7-round detachable single-stack magazine (an optional 5-round magazine is also available). It is specifically chambered in either .408 Chey Tac or .375 Chey Tac ammunition. CheyTac Inc. states that the system is capable of delivering sub-MOA accuracy at ranges of up to . It is based on the EDM Arms Windrunner.


title: CheyTac Intervention

text: The CheyTac M200 Intervention is a manually operated, rotating bolt sniper rifle. It features a Picatinny rail on the top of its receiver for mounting various optical sights.


title: CheyTac Intervention

text: The M200 Intervention is chambered in either the .408 CheyTac or .375 CheyTac cartridge. CheyTac specially developed the .408 CheyTac/.375 CheyTac cartridge for long-range use. The cartridge is optimized for accuracy by a balance of the rotational and linear drag, which reduces yaw and precession, and keeps the tip of the projectile pointed along the trajectory. The M200 Intervention is fed through a detachable 7 round box magazine, an optional 5 round box magazine is also available. Alternatively, cartridges can be loaded individually directly into the chamber.


title: CheyTac Intervention

text: The M200 Intervention uses a free floating heavy-fluted barrel, which can be quickly removed for replacement or storage and transportation, and the shroud at the rear serves as a mount for an integral folding bipod and a carrying handle.


title: CheyTac Intervention

text: The M200 Intervention features the McArthur PGRS-1 muzzle brake, which can be used to reduce recoil. The muzzle brake is also removable and can be replaced by an OPSINC suppressor.


title: CheyTac Intervention

text: The M200 Intervention has a collapsible and retractable buttstock that is adjustable for length of pull and for easy storage and transportation. The buttstock also contains an integral rear monopod, which is hinged, and can be folded up when not in use.


title: CheyTac Intervention

text: There are two different day optical sights available for the M200 Intervention. The standard optical sight is the Nightforce NXS 5.5-22x56 variable magnification telescopic sight with a 56 mm objective. The alternative optical sight is the US Optics SN-9. The night vision system is the AN/PVS-14 GEN III Pinnacle monocular, which attaches to the day optic using the Monoloc device. An AN/PEQ-2 infrared laser provides additional lighting in low-light conditions. The device is attached to a titanium strut.


title: CheyTac Intervention

text: The M200 Intervention comes with a portable advanced ballistic computer, laser rangefinder binoculars and meteorological and environmental sensor package. All these components, together with the sniper rifle, are part of the CheyTac Long Range Sniper System (LRSS) and are linked to the ballistic computer. It provides all necessary data and calculations for accurate long range firing.


title: CheyTac Intervention

text: CheyTac states that "the CheyTac LRRS is a solid anti-personnel system to ." The primary intent of the .408 is as an extreme range anti-personnel system. Groups of at , at and at have been consistently obtained.


title: CheyTac Intervention

text: Groups of at and at have also been obtained. All groups that are up to are less than 1 minute of angle for vertical dispersion.


title: CheyTac Intervention

text: The main capability differences between the different variants are governed by barrel length which determines the obtainable muzzle velocity. Higher muzzle velocity extends the effective range of a rifle, everything else being equal. The M200 and the M200 Carbine are limited to official customers like military forces and come with a detachable box magazine and a telescopic stock, whilst the other variants have a glass-fiber fixed McMillan A5 stock and are available for the general public.


title: CheyTac Intervention

text: The CheyTac M300 Intervention (Carbon Fiber) is a modern rendition of the M200 Intervention. CheyTac utilized lightweight materials such as aluminum and carbon fiber to create a lightweight and portable sniper rifle.


title: CheyTac Intervention

text: The M300 Intervention (Carbon Fiber) can be chambered in either .408 CheyTac or .375 CheyTac cartridge and uses a 7-round detachable box magazine. It has an effective range of , and a weight of . It features all of the standard features of the M200 Intervention and also features a full-length Picatinny rails at 3, 6, 9 and 12 o’clock positions for mounting various accessories, such as accuracy enhancements, a fluted barrel (custom lengths are also available), a barrel twist rate of 1:13.25" twist for the .408 CheyTac cartridge and 1:11.25" twist for .375 CheyTac cartridge, a detachable muzzle brake, a fully adjustable folding buttstock that has an adjustable cheek weld, a recoil pad and an optional monopod, an adjustable pistol grip, an adjustable match trigger and flush cups for weapon sling mounting.


title: CheyTac Intervention

text: The CheyTac M300 Intervention (Composite) is a civilian/sporting variant of the M300 Intervention (Carbon Fiber). It is well suited under challenging terrains due to its lightweight build.


title: CheyTac Intervention

text: The M300 Intervention (Composite) can be chambered in either .408 CheyTac or .375 CheyTac cartridge and uses a 7-round detachable box magazine. It has an effective range of , and a weight of . It features a Picatinny rail on the top of its receiver for mounting various optics/scopes and on the bottom portion of the front end of the handguard for optional bipod mounting, a fluted barrel (custom lengths are also available), a barrel twist rate of 1:13.25" twist for the .408 CheyTac cartridge and 1:11.25" twist for .375 CheyTac cartridge, a detachable muzzle brake, an adjustable buttstock that has an adjustable cheek weld, V-Block and an optional monopod, an adjustable pistol grip, an adjustable match trigger and flush cups for weapon sling mounting.


title: Petr Fiala

text: Petr Fiala (; born 1 September 1964) is a Czech politician and political scientist who has been the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic since November 2021 and leader of the Civic Democratic Party (ODS) since 2014. He previously served as the Minister of Education, Youth and Sports from 2012 to 2013. Prior to entering politics, he was the rector of Masaryk University.


title: Petr Fiala

text: Fiala was first elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a non-partisan in the 2013 snap election. He became leader of ODS in January 2014, promising to reform the party and regain public trust after a corruption scandal involving Prime Minister Petr Nečas. Fiala's ODS finished a distant second place in the 2017 legislative election, and continued in the opposition despite multiple offers from the incoming Prime Minister Andrej Babiš to participate in his governing coalition.


title: Petr Fiala

text: In 2020, Fiala led the initiative for a centre-right electoral alliance with KDU-ČSL and TOP 09, known as Spolu. He became its candidate for the premiership in the 2021 election, running on a pro-Western and pro-European centre-right platform, focused on fiscal responsibility and closer relations with NATO. The alliance outperformed initial opinion polls and finished first in the election, though with one less seat in the Chamber of Deputies than second-place ANO 2011.


title: Petr Fiala

text: Under Fiala's leadership, Spolu formed a coalition government with the Pirates and Mayors alliance, with a comfortable majority of 108 out of 200 seats. He was appointed Prime Minister by President Miloš Zeman on 28 November 2021 and his cabinet took power on 17 December 2021, making him the third oldest person to hold the office, as well as the first with a political science background and the first from Brno.


title: Petr Fiala

text: Fiala came into office promising to reform and stabilize the government's growing national debt; however, he was forced to respond to the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, providing Ukraine with humanitarian aid and military shipments and opening the Czech Republic's borders to highest number of Ukrainian refugees per capita. Fiala imposed sanctions against Russia and pushed to block Russian citizens from travelling to the European Union. His administration also contended with rising inflation, concerns about the economy, and the global energy supply crisis. In July 2022, the Czech Republic assumed the presidency of the Council of the European Union.


title: Petr Fiala

text: Petr Fiala was born in Brno to a conservative Catholic family. His father, who was partly of Jewish origin, was a Holocaust survivor. Fiala studied history and Czech language at the Faculty of Literature of Masaryk University between 1983 and 1988, and after graduating he worked as a historian in a local museum in Kroměříž.


title: Petr Fiala

text: In 1996, he became a docent at Charles University in Prague, and in 2002 was named as the first professor of political science in the Czech Republic. In 2004, he became dean of the Faculty of Social Studies at Masaryk University, and in the same year was elected as rector of the university, defeating Jan Wechsler in the third round. Fiala was reelected in 2008 and remained in the position until 2011. While Fiala was rector, Masaryk University increased its enrollment to around 45,000 students, became the most popular Czech university in terms of applications, and created a nationwide system for detecting academic plagiarism. During this period, Masaryk University built a new €220 million campus for biomedicine, opened a research station in Antarctica, and established the Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) using CZK 5.3 billion from the European Structural and Investment Funds. CEITEC launched in 2011.


title: Petr Fiala

text: In the 1980s, Fiala was involved in independent civic activism. Between 1984 and 1989 he participated in the so-called underground university, hosting seminars in Brno focused on political philosophy. He was involved in unofficial Christian activities, especially in the circle of secretly consecrated Bishop Stanislav Krátký. Along with other Brno students, he founded the samizdat university magazine "Revue 88", published in 1988–1989.


title: Petr Fiala

text: After November 1989, he continued his publishing and civic activism, working as an editor for magazines such as "Proglas", "Revue Politika" and "Kontexty". In 1993, he founded the Centre for the Study of Democracy and Culture (CDK), a civic think-tank. Fiala was criticized for his activities during the 2021 election campaign because the centre was accepting state subsidies.


title: Petr Fiala

text: Fiala has been active for a long time in institutions and bodies related to higher education and research in the Czech Republic and abroad. He served as Vice-Chair (2005–2009) and Chair (2009–2011) of the Czech Rectors' Conference, and at the international level he was a member of the Council of the European University Association (2009–2011). In 2007, he was elected by the Parliament to the council of the Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes, where he served for five years. He is a member of many scientific and academic councils of public and private universities and research institutions in the Czech Republic and abroad. He has received a number of awards for his scientific and academic work; in 2011 he was awarded the Golden Plaque of the President of the Republic.


title: Petr Fiala

text: In September 2011 Fiala served as chief aide for science to Prime Minister Petr Nečas, and on 2 May 2012 was appointed as Minister of Education, Youth and Sports in Nečas's government, remaining in that post until Nečas resigned in 2013.


title: Petr Fiala

text: In the 2013 legislative election Fiala was elected as an independent to the Chamber of Deputies. The Civic Democratic Party (ODS) was defeated in the election and Fiala joined the party in November 2013. In 2014 Fiala announced his candidacy for the leadership of ODS, and on 18 January 2014 he was elected as the party's fourth leader. He was re-elected as party leader in 2016.


title: Petr Fiala

text: Fiala led ODS into the 2017 legislative election, in which the party finished second with 11% of the vote. Fiala refused to negotiate with ANO 2011 about joining the subsequent government, and ODS remained in opposition. Fiala was reelected leader of ODS in 2018. On 28 November 2017 Fiala was elected Deputy Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies, receiving 116 of 183 votes.


title: Petr Fiala

text: With Fiala as leader, ODS made gains in the 2018 municipal elections and won the Senate election of the same year. Fiala was again reelected leader of ODS in 2020.


title: Petr Fiala

text: ODS also made gains during the 2020 regional elections. Fiala then started negotiating with KDU-ČSL and TOP 09 about forming an electoral alliance for the legislative election in 2021. ODS, KDU-ČSL and TOP 09 reached an agreement to form an alliance called SPOLU ("Together"). Fiala became the alliance's candidate for the post of Prime Minister.


title: Petr Fiala

text: Ahead of the election, opinion polls suggested that ANO 2011 would win, but in an electoral upset Spolu won the highest number of votes, and opposition parties won a majority of seats in the Chamber of Deputies. The opposition parties signed a memorandum agreeing to nominate Fiala for the position of Prime Minister. On 8 November, five Czech parties, ranging from the liberal-conservative Civic Democrats to the centre-left liberal Pirate Party, signed a pact to form a new centre-right coalition government and pledged to cut budget deficits. On 9 November, President Miloš Zeman formally asked Fiala to form a new government. On 17 November 2021 Fiala introduced Zeman to his proposed cabinet and Zeman agreed to appoint Fiala the new Prime Minister on 26 November 2021. In November 2021, Fiala confirmed that he would like to continue with the Spolu coalition into the 2022 Senate and municipal elections.


title: Petr Fiala

text: On 28 November 2021, President Miloš Zeman appointed Petr Fiala as the 13th Prime Minister of the Czech Republic. Following his appointment, Fiala said he believed his government would bring change and improve the lives of people in the Czech Republic, but that the next year would be difficult for many citizens and the Czech Republic itself. His appointment took effect upon his Cabinet being sworn in, on 17 December 2021.


title: Petr Fiala

text: During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Petr Fiala and his government took a tough stance on Russia, pushing for the toughest sanctions against Russia and supporting Ukraine's accession to the European Union. After the invasion, the Czech Republic immediately began supplying weapons and humanitarian aid to Ukraine. On 15 March 2022, Fiala, together with Polish Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki and Slovenian Prime Minister Janez Janša, visited Kyiv to meet with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in a display of support for Ukraine. The train journey, described by the media as a "risky mission" and an "extraordinary attempt to demonstrate support", was the first visit by foreign leaders to Kyiv since the start of the Russian invasion, and was hailed by President Zelenskyy as a "great, brave, correct and sincere step" after the meeting.


title: Petr Fiala

text: In July 2022, he officially accepted the Presidency of the Council of the European Union on behalf of the Czech Republic. He delivered a speech on the floor of the European Parliament, in which he called for the defense of European values, continuing support for Ukraine, and the inclusion of nuclear energy as a renewable resource (which was subsequently approved by a vote from MEPs).


title: Petr Fiala

text: Fiala holds conservative and soft Eurosceptic views, and he opposes political extremism and populism. He opposes same-sex marriage as he stated in his book.


title: Petr Fiala

text: In August 2016, Fiala stated that "radical Islam is at war with Europe" and that the European Union should not accept migrants who pose a risk. He opposed the withdrawal of Czech soldiers from the war in Afghanistan. Fiala expressed opposition to Russian and Chinese involvement in the construction of the new unit of the Dukovany Nuclear Power Plant. He also claimed that human impact on climate change is "not entirely clear", which was met with criticism and accusations of populism from environmental experts.


title: Petr Fiala

text: At the beginning of June 2020, a statue in Prague of the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, in Winston Churchill Square in Žižkov, was spray-painted with the inscription "He was a racist. Black Lives Matter," referring to a wave of protests against police brutality and racism triggered by the murder of George Floyd in the United States. Fiala condemned the vandalism of Churchill's statue, describing Churchill as "the great democratic politician ... who contributed to the defeat of Adolf Hitler," and criticised the graffiti as "stupid and shameful."


title: Petr Fiala

text: Prior to the 2021 election, Fiala criticised the European Green Deal, a political initiative of the European Commission to promote the transition to a green economy. However, he wrote in May 2021, "The Green Deal is reality. There is no point in speculating how it could be otherwise. Now we must seize the opportunity to modernize the Czech economy and improve the quality of life by investing in sustainable development, renewable resources and the circular economy."


title: Petr Fiala

text: Fiala also serves as the chairman of the board of directors of the independent liberal-conservative think tank Pravý břeh.


title: Petr Fiala

text: In October 2015, Fiala called for a military invasion by Western ground forces in the Middle East, stating, "We will not solve the problem of migration and destabilization of the Middle East and North Africa unless we take military action." On the other hand, he opposed Russian involvement in the war against Islamic State.


title: Petr Fiala

text: In June 2018, commemorating displaced peoples and refugees, German Chancellor Angela Merkel condemned the expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia and other Central and Eastern European countries after World War II, arguing that there was no moral and political justification for the expulsion. Fiala responded that "pulling things out of the past with a one-sided interpretation certainly does not help the development of mutual relations."


title: Petr Fiala

text: In October 2019, he condemned the military aggression of Turkey, a NATO member state, against the Kurds in Rojava in northern Syria, stating that "the situation in the Middle East has deteriorated significantly since this Turkish military operation in northern Syria."


title: Petr Fiala

text: He welcomed the victory of the ruling Law and Justice in the Polish parliamentary elections in October 2019, noting that ODS and PiS had been cooperating for a long time in a common European Parliament group. He also stated that he would limit the negative impacts of mining on Czech territory in the Polish Turów brown coal mine near the Czech border.


title: Petr Fiala

text: Fiala supports Israel and its policies. He criticized Foreign Minister Tomáš Petříček, Minister of Culture Lubomír Zaorálek and former Foreign Minister Karel Schwarzenberg for their joint statement on 23 May 2020 condemning the planned Israeli annexation of Jewish settlements that Israel had built in the occupied West Bank since 1967.


title: Petr Fiala

text: In 2020, he supported the official visit of Czech Senate President Miloš Vystrčil and other Czech senators to Taiwan to express support for the country and its democracy.


title: Petr Fiala

text: Petr Fiala is married to biologist Jana Fialová, who he met as a student during the Velvet Revolution. They have three children. Fiala is a Roman Catholic and was baptized in 1986. He played football until the age of 40 and also enjoys tennis, shooting, skiing, swimming, jazz music and James Bond movies.


title: Shtisel

text: Shtisel () is an Israeli television drama series about a fictional Haredi ("ultra-Orthodox" Jewish) family living in Geula, Jerusalem. Created and written by Ori Elon and Yehonatan Indursky, the series premiered on 29 June 2013 on yes Oh. It commenced distribution via the online streaming service Netflix in 2018. The first two seasons have 12 episodes per season, and the third season has 9 episodes.


title: Shtisel

text: In May 2019, the show was renewed for a third season, though filming was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A trailer was released in September, revealing that Season 3 is set seven years after the death of Akiva's mother (six years after the events of the first episode). Season 3 premiered on 20 December 2020, and became available on Netflix starting 25 March 2021.


title: Shtisel

text: The series follows the lives of Shulem Shtisel (Dov Glickman), the Shtisel patriarch and a rabbi at the local cheder, and the other members of his family. "Shtisel" is set in a Haredi, Internet-free neighborhood. The community follows strict Haredi customs, and violating the norms often causes chaos within the family. However, the characters who are more open to a secular lifestyle reflect Geula's moderation in comparison to their neighbors in Mea She'arim, the adjacent community known for religious fundamentalism.


title: Shtisel

text: Akiva Shtisel is a 26-year-old, single Haredi man who lives with his father, Shulem Shtisel, a widower. Akiva starts working as a teacher in a cheder, and falls in love with Elisheva Rotstein, the mother of a student in his class, who has been widowed twice. He asks the matchmaker Königsberg to set up a meeting for them, much to the chagrin of his father, who wants Akiva to wed a never-married young woman. Elisheva and Akiva meet once at the insistence of Akiva, and she refuses to continue. Shulem urges Akiva to meet with 19-year-old Esti Gottlieb. On their second meeting, Akiva, still in love with Elisheva, says he is not yet ready for marriage, and Esti starts to cry. Faced with guilt, Akiva proposes marriage to Esti, and they get engaged.


title: Shtisel

text: Giti Weiss, the daughter and the sister of the Shtisels, says goodbye to her husband Lippe Weiss, who flies to Argentina for six months as part of his job as a kosher butcher. Lippe's boss tells Giti that he ran away with a Gentile woman. Giti is disgraced, and looks for work to provide for her five children. She works as a babysitter for a secular woman, and then exchanges money at home. Though she still loves him, she confesses the hardship her husband has put them through to her eldest daughter Ruchami, who grows resentful of Lippe. Later feeling guilty, he decides to return home, and struggles to find forgiveness from Ruchami. Giti refuses to discuss the past, but her anger shows up in other ways.


title: Shtisel

text: Zvi Arye, the brother of Giti and Akiva, is competing for a teaching job at the kolel, where he studies hard, but he doesn't get the job.


title: Shtisel

text: Grandmother Malka, Shulem's mother, lives in a nursing home, and is exposed to television for the first time in her life, which Zvi Arye and Shulem find abhorrent, and they come up with many ways to prevent her from viewing it. She maintains a genial frenemies relationship with a neighbor.


title: Shtisel

text: Akiva finds a job as a painter. He paints for Leib Fuchs, a well-known Haredi artist. Their agreement consists of Akiva painting for him, and Fuchs selling the paintings as if they were his own.


title: Shtisel

text: Shulem has a relationship (he eats her cooking at the cheder and in her home) with Aliza, a divorced Haredi who is the secretary at his cheder. However, his refusal to clarify his intentions with her motivates her to look elsewhere. This eventually prompts Shulem to do some matchmaking of his own.


title: Shtisel

text: Akiva, still harboring doubt about his engagement, consults with his maternal uncle, Sucher, who cancelled a match and has remained single all his life. His uncle tells Akiva to ask Elisheva if she loves him. In an emotional conversation, she tells him that she is too old for him, and refuses him once more. Despite this, he informs Esti's father that he does not love Esti, and Esti's father angrily cancels the engagement. The enraged Shulem expels Akiva from his home. Akiva sleeps in different places, until Shulem and Akiva reconcile.


title: Shtisel

text: Akiva continues to contact Elisheva, and ultimately, she does admit to loving him. Akiva gets her to consent to become engaged by promising a six-month engagement and taking it slowly. However, when the engagement contract is signed, Akiva makes it for only one month. He paints a portrait of her, and realizes he desires immediate marriage. Elisheva would prefer to move to London and escape the expectations of their community. After Akiva asks Shulem for advice, and, in so doing, reveals the true confines of their engagement, Shulem visits Elisheva in secret, and explicitly tells her to leave Akiva alone. Elisheva abruptly removes her son Israel from school one day, and calls Akiva from the airport, saying she is leaving, and their relationship is over. She reveals Shulem visited her. This leads to a rift, and Akiva leaving home once again.


title: Shtisel

text: Suddenly, the family is confronted with a crisis as Malka Shtisel suffers an accident by falling down a staircase when trying to watch her favourite TV show downstairs, after having given up on her own TV after the machinations of her son, Shulem. She incurs a serious life-threatening head injury, becoming unconscious and being admitted to the ICU. Concerned she might die, the family comes together to support her.


title: Shtisel

text: Shulem's younger brother, Nukhem, and Nukhem's daughter, Libbi, arrive in Jerusalem to visit the ailing matriarch Malka and seek a match for Libbi. Akiva and Libbi become friends and begin to consider the possibility of marrying, but some family members, especially Nukhem, object because they are cousins. Akiva is now exhibiting his paintings at a gallery, and Libbi worries that he will get so swept up in his art that he will forget to daven. Nukhem and Libbi set the condition that Akiva must give up painting if he wishes to become engaged to Libbi; Akiva agrees, but later breaks the promise, prompting Libbi to break off the engagement.


title: Shtisel

text: Giti and Lippe, who are expecting a sixth baby, consider the possibility of naming him "Zelig", in return for a payment from a childless widow who wishes to have a child named after her deceased husband. Giti impulsively offers to name the child "Zelig" without payment; unbeknownst to her, Lippe does accept a sum of money from the widow. When Giti is bothered by the widow's intrusive behavior at the hospital when she is giving birth, she decides that she wants to name the baby something else, but at the bris, Lippe names him Zelig. Their marriage becomes troubled again; slowly, they work through their problems, and Giti opens a restaurant with a sum of money that Lippe made on the stock market.


title: Shtisel

text: Ruchami, aged fifteen, befriends a devout yeshiva student, Hanina, and brings him food so that he can study late into the night. After Ruchami overhears her parents talking about how gossip about the Weiss family may affect her marital prospects, she elopes with Hanina, and they marry in front of witnesses at a café. Ruchami's parents are shocked, and they, especially Giti, attempt to separate the young couple. Eventually, Giti persuades Lippe to tell Hanina that Ruchami wants a divorce, and a date for the delivery of a get is arranged. But after Giti meets Hanina by chance at her restaurant, and gets to know him slightly, she relents.


title: Shtisel

text: At the end of the season, Giti and Lippe reconcile with each other, with Ruchami, and with Hanina. Ruchami and Hanina plan a conventional, festive wedding with her parents' blessing; despite Ruchami's best efforts, Hanina's estranged father does not appear. Libbi realizes that she wants to marry Akiva, without conditions.


title: Shtisel

text: Akiva is now a widower with a baby daughter, Dvora'le. We learn that Libbi has died in the interval between Seasons 2 and 3. Akiva sees visions of Libbi, and carries on intense conversations with her as he tries to find his way through grief. Nukhem, also grieving and severely depressed, goes to live with his brother, Shulem.


title: Shtisel

text: Sucher comes to visit, with a surprise announcement: He has re-connected with Nechama, his ex-fiancée from decades ago, and they are once again engaged. Before they can marry, Sucher dies suddenly. Shulem tentatively courts Nechama, but she becomes engaged to Nukhem instead, giving him a new lease on life. Having won the lottery, Nechama donates all of her winnings to Shulem's cheder.


title: Shtisel

text: Akiva is agonized to learn that three of his paintings of Libbi have been sold to a collector, while he hesitated over granting his permission; he considers them too personal to sell. He meets the collector, Racheli, and attempts to recover them, but she will agree only if he paints her another three paintings equally good — however, his attempt to do so fails to satisfy her. After a mix-up when a friend of Akiva's picks up the wrong child from day care, social services investigate Akiva and temporarily remove Dvora'le from his care. Advised to get married as quickly as possible to prove that he can make a good home for Dvora'le, Akiva abruptly marries Racheli, and the two of them successfully put on a charade for social services. The attraction between Akiva and Racheli is real, but the relationship becomes even more complicated when Racheli reveals that she has bipolar disorder. Moreover, Akiva still pines for Libbi.


title: Shtisel

text: Ruchami is now happily married to Hanina and working as her grandfather's secretary, but she longs for a child. Her first pregnancy ended disastrously, in a medically necessary abortion, and she has been advised that she cannot safely carry a pregnancy to term, having only a 1/1000 chance of survival. She and Hanina explore the possibility of having a child through a surrogate, with Ruchami faking a pregnancy so that the surrogacy can remain completely confidential. Hanina reluctantly agrees, after taking counsel from a rabbi and finding inspiration in a pertinent text. But Hanina reveals his ambivalence about surrogacy, causing Ruchami to secretly remove her IUD and conceive a child, not telling Hanina until the pregnancy is well advanced.


title: Shtisel

text: Meanwhile, Giti and Lippe's second child, Yosa'le, is beginning to date. He falls in love with the first girl he meets, not realizing that he had mixed one Shira up with another in the hotel lobby — and the girl he fell for is not the one his parents had in mind, but a Sephardi Algerian university student of whom they would not approve. Under parental pressure, Yosa'le meets and becomes engaged to the Shira Levinson who was picked out for him, but it becomes clear that they do not have much in common. Eventually, he re-connects with the first girl he met, Shira Levi, and breaks his engagement with the other Shira.


title: Shtisel

text: At the end of the season, Yosa'le becomes engaged to Shira Levi; Akiva moves in with Racheli; Ruchami can't breathe, is rushed to the hospital, and undergoes surgery delivering the baby. As Akiva and Nuchem leave Shulem's home, Shulem insists upon a final goodbye beverage, during which he expresses that "the deceased are always with us". That penultimate scene becomes dream-like, with various dead relatives sitting at the table (Libbi, Devorah, and Shulem's mother, etc.) and interacting with the living relatives. In the last scene, Ruchami is on a hospital bed, is handed a healthy baby, and breaks the fourth wall to look at the viewer shedding a tear.


title: Shtisel

text: The series is considered innovative for its treatment of an irregular group of Haredi Jews, by stripping them of their political associations by offering a true to life portrayal.


title: Shtisel

text: In October 2016, it was announced that Amazon Studios was planning to remake "Shtisel", set in Brooklyn, New York, under the title "Emmis".


title: Shtisel

text: In May 2019, "Shtisel" was renewed for a third season. In May 2019, a dispute with the Israeli Actors' Association delayed the signing of contracts for the third series. In August 2019, producer Dikla Barkai said, "We cannot confirm Season 3 yet. There are many reasons. Let's hope. We are thinking positively. I would say it will."


title: Shtisel

text: In April 2020, series producer Barkai confirmed that a third season of "Shtisel" had been due to begin filming in May 2020, but would have to be postponed on account of the COVID-19 pandemic. Production resumed in June and a trailer was later released in September.


title: Shtisel

text: On December 17, 2020, an online world première event for Season 3, Episode 1, was hosted by the Temple Emanu-El Streicker Center. Season 3 started streaming on Netflix on 25 March 2021.


title: Shtisel

text: Rare for a television series, Shtisel was accorded an episode-by-episode study of its themes and structure by a Canadian film scholar, Maurice Yacowar. Reading Shtisel covered seasons one and two, After Shtisel season three and the writers' intervening series, Autonomies.


title: Shtisel

text: The first season of the series was nominated in 12 categories at the Israeli Television Academy Awards 2013, including two nominations for each of best actor and actress in a drama series – Dov Glickman and Michael Aloni, as well as for Ayelet Zorer and Neta Riskin. At the ceremony, held on 24 January 2014, the series won 11 awards: for Best Drama Series, Best Actor in a Drama Series (Dov Glickman), Drama Director (Alon Singman), Drama Screenplay (Uri Alon and Jonathan Indursky), Design Costumes, Make-Up, Photography, Original Music (Avi Belleli), Soundtrack, Artistic Management, and Editing.


title: Shtisel

text: At the Israeli Television Academy Award ceremony in 2015, the second season won directing awards for the drama series (Alon Singman), acting awards in the actor and actress category (Dov Glickman in his second win with the series, and Neta Riskin), original music, art design, and costumes.


title: Shtisel

text: On August 4, 2016, Amazon Prime Video acquired the American remake of the series with Etan Cohen set to direct, write, and produce the series with Marta Kauffman's Okay Midnight production company.


title: Justin Kirk

text: Justin Kirk (born May 28, 1969) is an American actor. He is best known for portraying Prior Walter in Mike Nichols's screen adaptation of "Angels in America", for which he was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie, losing to costar Jeffrey Wright. Kirk is also known for his portrayal of Andy Botwin on the series "Weeds".


title: Justin Kirk

text: Kirk was born in Salem, Oregon. His mother was of Russian-Jewish descent and his father was of Danish and English ancestry.


title: Justin Kirk

text: Kirk grew up in Union, Washington, where he attended a grade school on a Native American reservation, until his family moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota, when he was 12 years old. He attended high school there and performed at Children's Theatre Company. He moved to New York City after graduating. Kirk played guitar in several New York bands in the early 1990s, most notably The Dimestore Darlings. He completed a two-year conservatory acting program at Circle in the Square Theatre School.


title: Justin Kirk

text: His first role on Broadway was a play called "Any Given Day", which was performed at the Longacre Theatre. He appeared in "Love! Valour! Compassion!" both in the film and in the original stage version – for which he received an Obie Award for Distinguished Performance in the Ensemble. He also appeared in "Other Desert Cities" with Stockard Channing, Judith Light, and Stacy Keach. He won a Backstage West Garland Award for Outstanding Performance for his role as a piano prodigy in "Old Wicked Songs", staged at New York's Promenade Theater and Los Angeles' Geffen Playhouse.


title: Justin Kirk

text: Kirk's other films include "Flannel Pajamas", "Chapter Zero", "The Eden Myth", "Puccini for Beginners", and "Call o' the Glen". He made his television series debut in "Jack & Jill". He starred as Andy Botwin on the Showtime television series "Weeds" alongside former "Angels in America" co-star Mary-Louise Parker.


title: Justin Kirk

text: In 2017 Kirk starred in the procedural drama "APB", which was cancelled by Fox after its first season.


title: Men Against Fire

text: "Men Against Fire" is the fifth and penultimate episode of the third series of British science fiction anthology series "Black Mirror". Written by series creator and showrunner Charlie Brooker and directed by Jakob Verbruggen, it premiered on Netflix on 21 October 2016, together with the rest of series three.


title: Men Against Fire

text: The episode follows Stripe (Malachi Kirby), a soldier who hunts humanoid mutants known as roaches. After a malfunctioning of his MASS, a neural implant, he discovers that these "roaches" are ordinary human beings. In a fateful confrontation with the psychologist Arquette (Michael Kelly), Stripe learns that the MASS alters his perception of reality. The episode was first conceived under the name "Inbound" in 2010. Its storyline shifted over time, influenced by Brooker reading "Men Against Fire" by S.L.A. Marshall and "On Killing" by Dave Grossman.


title: Men Against Fire

text: The episode received mixed critical reception. Positive reviews praised Kirby and Kelly's acting as well as the relevance of the episode in a time of rising xenophobia in Europe and America. Other critics found the plot twist predictable and remarked that the storyline relied too heavily on cliches. Critical commentary frequently notes parallels to Nazi Germany. "Men Against Fire" was ranked poorly against other "Black Mirror" episodes by reviewers.


title: Men Against Fire

text: "Stripe" Koinange (Malachi Kirby) and "Hunter" Raiman (Madeline Brewer) are squadmates in a military that hunts roaches—pale, snarling, humanoid monsters with sharp teeth. Each soldier has a neural implant called MASS that provides data via augmented reality. Stripe and Hunter's squad searches a farmhouse while squad leader Medina (Sarah Snook) interrogates the owner, a devout Christian (Francis Magee). Stripe discovers a nest of roaches, one of whom points an LED device at Stripe; unfazed, he shoots one roach dead and stabs another to death. Medina arrests the owner and the squad burns down the farmhouse.


title: Men Against Fire

text: Stripe is rewarded with an erotic dream following his kills, but his MASS glitches during it. After further malfunctions the following day, Stripe has his MASS tested and consults a psychologist, Arquette (Michael Kelly), but neither visit reveals any problems.


title: Men Against Fire

text: The next day, Medina, Stripe and Hunter arrive at an abandoned housing complex. After a roach-sniper suddenly kills Medina, the other two soldiers enter the building as the sniper shoots at them. Stripe encounters a woman and urges her to flee, but Hunter shoots her dead. Stripe finds another woman (Ariane Labed) with her child, and Hunter prepares to shoot them. Stripe intervenes and wrestles Hunter, knocking her unconscious as she shoots him in the stomach. Stripe gets up and escapes with the mother and son.


title: Men Against Fire

text: They reach a cave in the woods where the woman, named Catarina, explains that the MASS implant alters soldiers' senses to show people of her ethnic group as inhuman "roaches". They are victims of a genocide justified by the military as genetic cleansing. While laypeople see the group as they are, they treat them as inferior due to propaganda. Hunter arrives and kills Catarina and her son Alec, then knocks Stripe unconscious.


title: Men Against Fire

text: Stripe awakens in a cell, where Arquette apologises for his MASS glitch, caused by the LED device. Arquette reveals that MASS alters soldiers' senses so they can kill without hesitation or remorse, and that Stripe consented to this when he enlisted before having his memory wiped. Stripe has the choice to allow his MASS and memory to be reset, or to be imprisoned. Arquette forces Stripe to rewatch the sensory feed of his farmhouse raid, where he now sees himself gruesomely killing people.


title: Men Against Fire

text: In the final scene, Stripe, now a decorated officer, approaches the house from his erotic dreams. He has tears streaming down his face as he smiles. The house is then shown to be a dilapidated empty home.


title: Men Against Fire

text: Whilst series one and two of "Black Mirror" were shown on Channel 4 in the UK, in September 2015 Netflix commissioned the series for 12 episodes (split into two series of six episodes). In March 2016, Netflix outbid Channel 4 for the rights to distributing the third series, with a bid of $40 million. Due to its move to Netflix, the show had a larger budget than in previous series. "Men Against Fire" is the fifth episode of the third series; all six episodes in this series were released on Netflix simultaneously on 21 October 2016. As "Black Mirror" is an anthology series, each episode is standalone.


title: Men Against Fire

text: The titles of the six episodes that make up series 3 were announced in July 2016, along with the release date. A trailer for series three, featuring an amalgamation of clips and sound bites from the six episodes, was released by Netflix on 7 October 2016.


title: Men Against Fire

text: The episode was written by series creator Charlie Brooker. Originally called "Inbound", the first draft was inspired by the 2010 documentary "The War You Don't See", which featured lengthy stories from victims of the Iraq War. In "Inbound", an attack on Britain appeared to be from an alien force, but was later revealed to be an invasion by Norway. It was the second script pitched in 2010 for the first series of "Black Mirror", but it was rejected at the time. Influenced by "Men Against Fire: The Problem of Battle Command" by S.L.A. Marshall and "On Killing" by Dave Grossman, the episode's focus gradually shifted to a war where combat is censored to soldiers, and it was renamed "Men Against Fire".


title: Men Against Fire

text: The title of the episode comes from Brigadier General S.L.A. Marshall's book "Men Against Fire: The Problem of Battle Command" (1947), wherein Marshall claims that during World War II, over 70% of soldiers did not fire their rifles, even under immediate threat, and most of those who fired aimed above the enemy's head. A similar statement is made during one of Arquette's dialogues in the episode. "TheWrap" later reported that there have been suggestions that Marshall's claim is incorrect. For research, Brooker also read Dave Grossman's book "On Killing", which is about the psychology of killing and based on Marshall's work. He initially wrote Arquette as more "stuffy", though his character was always intended to be sympathetic. He is a father figure to some of the soldiers, and thinks his actions are good.


title: Men Against Fire

text: Jakob Verbruggen directed the episode. Malachi Kirby, a fan of the programme, was cast as Stripe. Kirby played the character as naive, vulnerable and with a sense of doubt, rather than as an alpha male. Michael Kelly plays psychologist Arquette, having previously worked with Verbruggen on the American political thriller "House of Cards". Kelly believed that Arquette and Doug Stamper—his character on "House of Cards"—had a commonality of "true convictions in their actions". He suggested that Arquette thinks his actions help soldiers cope with posttraumatic stress disorder.


title: Men Against Fire

text: The episode was filmed in 18 days. He was inspired by the "fearless high energy" of the 1997 science fiction film "Starship Troopers". Though intended to look "gritty" and foreign, perhaps in an Eastern European setting, the production was constrained to the United Kingdom for economy of time and budget. Two locations near London were used for filming: the first was a disused army barracks, and the second was a set constructed in the forest for use as the village setting. A farmhouse was used as the "roach nest".


title: Men Against Fire

text: As the roaches were to be shown close up to the camera, their design was considered in detail. Their clothing was ill-fitted, to look like it had been taken from villages. After looking at the effects of skin diseases and mutations, production designer Joel Collins conceived of a design in which their brains and features had swelling, as if they had hydrocephalus. Kristyan Mallett worked on prosthetics, and four designs were tested on camera. The actors required hours in make-up for prosthetics. Adult actors were given black contact lenses, while the eyes of a young boy featured were altered using visual effects in post-production. As the story only made sense if the fight scene in the farmhouse was shown from a soldier's point of view, the scene was shot in a frantic style, and roaches appeared more human-like when viewed from behind.


title: Men Against Fire

text: Body doubles were used for the effect of Stripe seeing three copies of his fiancée as his MASS malfunctions during a dream. Kelly's two scenes were filmed across three days, the latter being a lengthy scene where Stripe and Arquette are alone in a cell together. Kelly spent the second day thoroughly rehearsing this scene repeatedly, and it was filmed on the third day. The room was chosen to be "bright, uncomfortable and extremely claustrophobic", and the two characters are never shown in the same frame; as Stripe learns information, the room feels like it closes in on him.


title: Men Against Fire

text: Both Kelly and executive producer Annabel Jones compared the episode to what they saw as rising xenophobia in Europe and America, exemplified by media descriptions of refugees as "swarms" of people, the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign and Brexit coverage. These comparisons were also made by critics: Matt Patches of "Thrillist" summarised the episode as a "catch-all metaphor for how we deal with the disenfranchised members of our global society", whilst Christian Holub of "Entertainment Weekly" described it as a "thought-provoking parable about the military's role in genocide". Tristram Fane Saunders of "The Telegraph" believed compassion to be the message of the episode.


title: Men Against Fire

text: The episode was described by reviewers as analogous to Nazi Germany and the Holocaust. Sophie Gilbert of "The Atlantic" commented that the episode's depiction of eugenics links to "prejudices still rife among humankind" such as "institutionalized racism, tribalism, and fear of refugees". Alissa Wilkinson of "Vox" found that the episode was about the past rather than the future, as it explores crimes against humanity from 20th century history. Andrew Liptak of "The Verge" wrote that in the episode, the "government perpetuated a holocaust by literally demonizing its enemies". Several reviewers noted that the villagers in the episode do not have the MASS system, so they see the genocide victims as they are, but still consider them "roaches".


title: Men Against Fire

text: Verbruggen said that the ending, in which Stripe appears to come home to a beautiful house and fiancée, but then the house is seen to be empty and derelict, can be interpreted in different ways by the audience. Kirby suggested an interpretation where Stripe chooses to keep his memories, but enable the MASS system, so he knows his vision is a lie. Kelly opined that Stripe had his memories wiped and that the house being empty is seen only by the viewers, not by Stripe. Verbruggen questions whether any of the episode's events are real. Brooker called the ending "oblique", saying that he did not have an answer to what the ending meant. The ending was originally conceived of as a homecoming parade for the returning soldiers, which is revealed to not be real.


title: Men Against Fire

text: "Men Against Fire" has been compared to other works of science fiction. Alex Mullane of "Digital Spy" and Charles Bramesco of "Vulture" made comparisons with the 1997 satirical film "Starship Troopers", for the soldiers' "macho talk of ending the Roach menace" and the work's "thinly veiled commentary on the culture of virulence that warring nations have to cultivate". The episode was also described as the episode of "Black Mirror" most similar to "The Twilight Zone", the anthology series which inspired it, for its focus on one simple parable. Liptak compared the episode's narrative of a soldier realising the damage he is inflicting and going through a personal crisis to the military-related works "Enemy Mine", a 1979 novella, and "", a 2014 film.


title: Men Against Fire

text: A "Den of Geek" article compares several real-world technologies to features of the MASS tool. Applied Research Associates' product ARC4 is an augmented reality headset designed for soldiers, whilst Waverly Labs has an app and earpiece translation tool designed for conversation, and a product "iBand+" in development claims it will be able to induce lucid dreaming.


title: Men Against Fire

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the episode received a rating of 57%, based on 21 reviews, indicating mixed reception. The episode received an A− rating by Zack Handlen of "The A.V. Club", a B− grade from Christian Holub of "Entertainment Weekly" and a score of three out of five stars in Tristram Fane Saunder's review for "The Telegraph". Roxanne Sancto of "Paste" praised the episode as "incredibly fucking relevant" and Gilbert said it was "one of the better episodes of the series", but Matt Fowler of "IGN" wrote that it was the "least engaging emotionally" in the third series and Adam Chitwood of "Collider" criticised it as "heavy-handed with its social commentary". Both Liptak and Bramesco believed the concepts to be interesting, but executed poorly. However, Handlen praised the episode's pacing.


title: Men Against Fire

text: The plot twist was widely considered to be predictable, leading Wilkinson and Mullane to say that the episode was not shocking and Wilkinson to say that it lacked tension. However, Gilbert described the twist as "terrific" and "unexpected", praising its plausibility. Handlen described the ending of the episode as "slightly unclear", albeit symbolically "effective". Saunders enjoyed the scene with Stripe and Arquette alone in a cell, commenting that them "discussing ideas of right and wrong" was "by far the finest part of the episode".


title: Men Against Fire

text: Kirby and Kelly were both praised for their performances as Stripe and Arquette, respectively. Handlen noted that Stripe is a passive character, and opined that Kirby did a good job in keeping "our interest and our sympathies" throughout the episode. Bramesco believed that Kirby's performance introduced "a grounded component worthy of the audience's emotional investment" to the episode. Gilbert praised that Kelly "imbues every performance with extraordinary menace". Sancto praised the scene in which Stripe and Catarina—the mother labelled as a "roach"—converse.


title: Men Against Fire

text: The episode was criticised for overreliance on cliches, particularly those relating to the military and dystopic science fiction. Saunders wrote that the episode's portrayal of the military was "competent and familiar, rather than fresh or exciting". Bramesco said the episode was too much of a "simplistic metaphor" and "doesn't offer anything new". Mullane wrote that "there a few shots where the boom mic slips into frame, which is an uncharacteristically sloppy distraction". Bramesco opined that the episode was "gratuitously violent".


title: Men Against Fire

text: For their work on this episode, Kristyan Mallett and Tanya Lodge were nominated for a 2017 Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild award, in the category of Best Special Makeup Effects – Television Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for Television.


title: Men Against Fire

text: "Men Against Fire" appeared on many critics' rankings of the 23 instalments in the "Black Mirror" series, from best to worst.


title: Men Against Fire

text: "IndieWire" authors ranked the 22 "Black Mirror" instalments excluding "" by quality, giving "Men Against Fire" a position of 18th. Additionally, Proma Khosla of "Mashable" ranked the same instalments by tone, concluding that "Men Against Fire" was the eighth most bleak. Eric Anthony Glover of "Entertainment Tonight" ranked the episode 15th out of the 19 episodes from series one to four.


title: Fredro Starr

text: Fred Lee Scruggs Jr. (born April 18, 1971), better known by his stage name Fredro Starr, is an American rapper and actor best known as a member of the hardcore rap group Onyx. Fredro Starr was discovered by the late hip hop star Jam Master Jay of Run-D.M.C. who signed Onyx on his label JMJ Records. Onyx went on to release three top selling albums before Fredro began his solo career. As a part of Onyx, Fredro Starr was nominated as "Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop New Artist" on American Music Awards of 1994 and won "Best Rap Album" on 1994 Soul Train Music Awards.


title: Fredro Starr

text: Fredro Starr has starred in more than 55 films and television shows. He made his acting debut in the HBO drama "Strapped". His film credits include Spike Lee's "Clockers", "Sunset Park", "Ride", "Light It Up", "Save the Last Dance" and "Torque". He also performed the "Save the Last Dance"'s theme song, "Shining Through", with Jill Scott on the multi-platinum soundtrack.


title: Fredro Starr

text: Starr made his television debut in "Law & Order" and "New York Undercover", but he is best known for his role of 'Q' in "Moesha", starring R&B singer Brandy. He also appeared in HBO's "The Wire", "NYPD Blue", "Blade", and "". Fredro also co-hosted "Dance 360", a daily, half-hour urban dance competition show on Paramount Television.


title: Fredro Starr

text: Fred Lee Scruggs Jr. was born in Kings County Hospital Center on April 18, 1971. He grew up in Flatbush, Brooklyn. In 1984, at the age of 13, he moved with his brother David Scruggs (also known as Who$ane) to South Jamaica, Queens. Between 1984 and 1988, Fredro Starr studied at John Adams High School (Queens). Other students at John Adams High School included Marlon Fledtcher (also known as Big DS), Tyrone Taylor (also known as Suave and Sonny Seeza), Mr. Cheeks and Freaky Tah. Fredro first met Suave at the battle in Ajax Park (Jamaica, New York) (now called "Dr. Charles R. Drew Park").


title: Fredro Starr

text: Fred started out doing breakdancing after watching the movie "Beat Street" (1984), he was known by the name Magic.


title: Fredro Starr

text: In late 1985 Fredro Starr decided to become a street poet after watching the movie "Krush Groove" (1985). He was inspired by the style of LL Cool J.


title: Fredro Starr

text: For the first time, Fredro picked up a microphone in 1986 on the basketball court in the Baisley Park in Queens where he rhymed with his friends Cocheeks (also known as Mr. Cheeks), Freaky Tah, Dot-a-Rock, Spank G and Panama P.I. (also known as Big Prince) under live mixes of GrandMasta Vic and CutMasta JT. In this place were usually held jams, and often there were shoot-outs, but this did not stop anyone. Fredro was then known as Kool Fredro. In an interview with Brian Coleman, Fredro Starr remembers:


title: Fredro Starr

text: In 1986, Fred started working at "Nu Tribe Barbershop" on Jamaica Avenue in Queens. His younger cousin Kirk Jones (also known as Sticky Fingaz) joined him as a barber three years later after moving from Brooklyn to Queens. At "Nu Tribe Barbershop" Fred had to cut local drug dealers from Supreme Team (gang), as well as celebrities such as Kool G Rap, Rakim, Big Daddy Kane and others. In this barbershop Fred and Kirk made money until they heard on the radio their song "Throw Ya Gunz" in November 1992.


title: Fredro Starr

text: At the same time Fredro along with his cousin Kirk Jones, then known as Trop, visited the nightclubs of New York. The guys wore green dreadlocks and dressed in Dr. Martens boots. In an interview with Unkut, hip hop artist B-1 described his friendship with Fredro and Sticky:


title: Fredro Starr

text: In 1988, after graduating from school at the age of 17, Fredro Starr created the rap group Onyx along with his schoolmates Big DS and Suavé (also known as Sonny Seeza). Big DS came up with the name for the group, he named it after the black stone Onyx. They began to make the first demos in the basement of B-Wiz with drum machine beats from an SP-12.


title: Fredro Starr

text: In 1989, Onyx signed Jeffrey Harris as their manager, who helped them secure a contract with the label Profile Records. In 1990, at York Studio in Brooklyn, they recorded their first single, "Ah, And We Do It Like This", which was released to low sales on April 25, 1990, on Profile.


title: Fredro Starr

text: Fredro Starr, Big DS and Suave (also known as Sonny Seeza) met Jam Master Jay in a traffic jam at The Jones Beach GreekFest Festival on July 13, 1991. Jay give them about two months to get a demo, but Suave and Big DS they didn't make it to the studio because they were stranded in Connecticut. So Jeff Harris, the manager of Onyx, asked Fredro to come to the studio with his cousin, Kirk Jones, who at the time was doing a solo career under the name Trop and working in the barbershop making a thousand dollars a week cutting high school. Fredro and Sticky Fingaz made two records, "Stik 'N' Muve" and "Exercise".


title: Fredro Starr

text: Jam Master Jay liked these songs and that's how Sticky joined the group, because Jay said, “If Sticky ain't in the group, it ain't no group!”. Jay signed the group to his label, JMJ Records, for a single deal, then for an EP deal followed by an album deal because they did 10 songs on a budget of 6 songs.


title: Fredro Starr

text: In 1991, despite the reproaches from Fredro, the Onyx's music producer, B-Wiz, sold his drum machine SP-12 and went to Baltimore to sell crack, and eventually he was killed in Baltimore. Thus, all Onyx records were lost.


title: Fredro Starr

text: In 1993, Onyx released their debut album entitled "Bacdafucup". It proved to be a commercial success and eventually went multi-platinum, largely due to the well known single "Slam". Then Onyx released on JMJ Records another two albums: All We Got Iz Us and Shut 'Em Down.


title: Fredro Starr

text: In 2000, Fredro Starr signed a deal with Koch Records and released a mixtape "Firestarr" (Hosted & Mixed by DJ Clue) in the same year. In the following year he released his debut album "Firestarr". From this moment, another nickname is established behind him: Firestarr. Alongside Jill Scott, he contributed to the soundtrack of "Save the Last Dance" for the lead single of the movie "Shining Through". Starr's next album, "Don't Get Mad Get Money," arrived in 2003.


title: Fredro Starr

text: In 2003, Fredro Starr started a new movement "100 Mad". Sticky Fingaz came up with the term "100 Mad". It means the following: "No matter where in the world Onyx, there are always 100 crazy niggas with it". In 2019, "100 Mad" released an album, the title referring to Onyx's artist collective. Production on the album included Snowgoons and The Alchemist, and guest vocalists included Conway The Machine, Tha God Fahim, Jay Nice, Planet Asia, Termanology and more.


title: Fredro Starr

text: In 2011, Fredro Starr founded his own label "Mad Money Movement" in Los Angeles. The first release of the label was his solo album "Made In The Streets", a collaboration album with producer Audible Doctor, which was dropped on December 25, 2013. Other releases include Onyx "#WAKEDAFUCUP" (2014), Onyx "Against All Authorities" (2015), ONYX "#WAKEDAFUCUP Reloaded" (2016), Onyx "#WAKEDAFUCUP Reloaded (Picture Disc Vinyl Import)" (2017), Onyx & Dope D.O.D. "Shotgunz In Hell" (2017), Onyx "Black Rock (Onyx album)" (2018)


title: Fredro Starr

text: On May 13, 2013, Starr released his mixtape and first solo project in 10 years entitled "Live 4Ever, Die 2Day". On November 26, 2013, Starr released his first single from his upcoming third album "The Firestarr 2" entitled "What If 2". On January 8, 2014, he released the official video for the single.


title: Fredro Starr

text: On October 4, 2015, at the Milk River restaurant in Brooklyn was held a rap-battle between Fredro Starr and Keith Murray. On the results of 3 rounds, Fredro Starr won with a score of 3–0.


title: Fredro Starr

text: On March 9, 2018, Fredro Starr released his 4th solo album "Firestarr 2" on Mad Money Movement. In 2011, Fredro Starr announced via Twitter that he was working on the follow-up of his debut work. The album was due out in the summer of 2012, but later the release was postponed to the first half of 2013. In the end, the project was abandoned, as Fredro met producer Audible Doctor.


title: Fredro Starr

text: In 2020, Fredro Starr released a video "Fuck Corona" dedicated to the situation with the coronavirus in the United States. The single "Corona Freestyle" was released on April 17.


title: Fredro Starr

text: Encouraged by his manager, Jeff Harris, to try his hand at acting, Fredro Starr began reading for roles and was immediately selected to co-star in a television pilot called "B Boys" (1992). Unfortunately, the project was soon abandoned. Less than a year later, he landed his first role as Bamboo in Forest Whitaker's critically acclaimed HBO film "Strapped", which earned him a CableACE Award nomination for "Best Supporting Actor". Fredro Starr also starred in the critically acclaimed drama "Clockers", and in Abel Ferrara's "The Addiction". Starr moves into his first leading role as Shorty in "Sunset Park". In addition to starring in "Sunset Park", Fredro co-wrote and performs the title track "Thangz Changed"


title: Fredro Starr

text: On television, Starr had a regular role on "Moesha" as the title character's boyfriend and fiancé. He appeared in three episodes of HBO's "The Wire" as Marquis "Bird" Hilton. Starr co-hosted Paramount Domestic Television's daily half-hour urban dance competition, "Dance 360", with actor Kel Mitchell. The program aired for one season in 2004 before being canceled due to poor ratings.


title: Fredro Starr

text: Starr also filmed guest appearances on "NYPD Blue," "Law & Order," "" (in which Sticky Fingaz starred in the title role), and "Promised Land". He played Ricky Gannon on a "" episode that aired February 2, 2009, and appeared on "New York Undercover" in the episode entitled "Student Affairs."


title: Fredro Starr

text: Fredro producing a documentary about his mentor, Jam Master Jay, entitled "Two Turntables and a Microphone: The Life and Death of Jam Master Jay" and served as Executive Consultant on the Sticky Fingaz-directed Lionsgate hip hop musical feature film, "A Day In The Life", which he also stars in.


title: Fredro Starr

text: Between 2009 and 2010, Starr starred in 12 episodes for the web series "Tales Of The Industry". Director: Sanz Pareil TV (Sanz Pareil & Brian "BK" Kim).


title: Fredro Starr

text: In 2012, Starr starred in 20 episodes for the web series "16 Bars with Fredro Starr". Director: Myster DL.


title: Fredro Starr

text: Starr plays the lead in the independent feature-length film "Diamond Ruff", which had its premiere in Hartford, Connecticut on November 1, 2013.


title: Fredro Starr

text: In 2018, was filmed the movie "Firestarr 2", consisting of video clips for songs from the album "Firestarr 2".


title: Fredro Starr

text: In 2011, Fredro Starr released two children's books: "Lil Freddy: The Red Sock" and "Lil Freddy: The Bully Kid".


title: Fredro Starr

text: The beef between Onyx and 50 Cent started on Def Jam's "Survival Of The Illest" concert at the legendary world-famous Apollo Theater. The concert was held on July 18, 1998. During performing the song "React" rapper Scarred 4 Life (also known as Clay Da Raider) performed 50 Cent's verse. A few years later according to the Rap News Network, 50 Cent started a confrontation with Starr at the 2003 Vibe Awards. In a 2003 interview Fredro Starr explained, "50 Cent basically started shit with me, started a scuffle, and a bodyguard broke us up. He's a punk. He's disrespectful to Jam Master Jay ever since he passed." In an interview with The Source, Fredro Starr said that 50 Cent had been disrespectful towards the Onyx rap group even though Onyx had given him his first breakthrough on a song called "React" from the 1998 album, "Shut 'Em Down". In a 2008 interview for AllHipHop Fredro made a comment about 50 Cent.


title: Fredro Starr

text: In an 2008 interview for "C.O.D DVD" (now called "Forbez DVD") Fredro talked about relations with R&B singer Brandy, but later said ""I never meant to put her on blast and say she gave me head. It was a joke and the media ran with it. That's what it was.""


title: Fredro Starr

text: On September 18, 2012, Fredro Starr dropped a freestyle that was aimed at fellow pioneer New York City rapper DMX. On September 26, 2012, during a radio interview DMX responded to the diss.


title: Fredro Starr

text: His cousin and fellow Onyx group member is Sticky Fingaz. Fredro Starr has 6 children, with his wife, Croatian model Korina Longin, whom he married in 2007.


title: Cape Breton Island

text: Cape Breton Island (, formerly '; or '; ) is an island on the Atlantic coast of North America and part of the province of Nova Scotia, Canada.


title: Cape Breton Island

text: The island accounts for 18.7% of Nova Scotia's total area. Although the island is physically separated from the Nova Scotia peninsula by the Strait of Canso, the long rock-fill Canso Causeway connects it to mainland Nova Scotia. The island is east-northeast of the mainland with its northern and western coasts fronting on the Gulf of Saint Lawrence with its western coast forming the eastern limits of the Northumberland Strait. The eastern and southern coasts front the Atlantic Ocean with its eastern coast also forming the western limits of the Cabot Strait. Its landmass slopes upward from south to north, culminating in the highlands of its northern cape. One of the world's larger saltwater lakes, ("Arm of Gold" in French), dominates the island's centre.


title: Cape Breton Island

text: The total population at the 2016 census numbered 132,010 Cape Bretoners, which is approximately 15% of the provincial population. Cape Breton Island has experienced a decline in population of approximately 2.9% since the 2011 census. Approximately 75% of the island's population is in the Cape Breton Regional Municipality (CBRM), which includes all of Cape Breton County and is often referred to as Industrial Cape Breton.


title: Cape Breton Island

text: Cape Breton Island takes its name from its easternmost point, Cape Breton. At least two theories for this name have been put forward. The first connects it to the Gascon fishing port of Capbreton. Basque whalers and fishermen traded with the Miꞌkmaq of this island from the early sixteenth century.


title: Cape Breton Island

text: The second connects it to the Bretons of northwestern France. A Portuguese "mappa mundi" of 1516–1520 includes the label "terra q(ue) foy descuberta por Bertomes" in the vicinity of the Gulf of St Lawrence, which means "land discovered by Bretons". The name "Cape Breton" first appears on a map of 1516, as "C(abo) dos Bretoes", and became the general name for both the island and the cape toward the end of the 16th century. The Breton origin of the name is not universally accepted, however. William Francis Ganong argued that the Portuguese term "Bertomes" referred to Englishmen or Britons, and that the name should be interpreted as "Cape of the English".


title: Cape Breton Island

text: Cape Breton Island's first residents were likely archaic maritime natives, ancestors of the Mi'kmaq people. These peoples and their progeny inhabited the island (known as Unama'ki) for several thousand years and continue to live there to this day. Their traditional lifestyle centred around hunting and fishing because of the unfavourable agricultural conditions of their maritime home. This ocean-centric lifestyle did, however, make them among the first Indigenous peoples to discover European explorers and sailors fishing in the St Lawrence Estuary. Italian explorer (sailing for the British crown) John Cabot reportedly visited the island in 1497. However, European histories and maps of the period are of too poor quality to be sure whether Cabot first visited Newfoundland or Cape Breton Island. This discovery is commemorated by Cape Breton's Cabot Trail, and by the Cabot's Landing Historic Site & Provincial Park, near the village of Dingwall.


title: Cape Breton Island

text: The local Mi'kmaq peoples began trading with European fishermen when the fishermen began landing in their territories as early as the 1520s. In about 1521–22, the Portuguese under João Álvares Fagundes established a fishing colony on the island. As many as two hundred settlers lived in a village, the name of which is not known, located according to some historians at what is now Ingonish on the island's northeastern peninsula. These fishermen traded with the local population but did not maintain a permanent settlement. This Portuguese colony's fate is unknown, but it is mentioned as late as 1570.


title: Cape Breton Island

text: During the Anglo-French War of 1627 to 1629, under King Charles I, the Kirkes took Quebec City, James Stewart, 4th Lord Ochiltree, planted a colony on Unama'ki at Baleine, Nova Scotia, and Alexander's son, William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling, established the first incarnation of "New Scotland" at Port Royal. These claims, and larger ideals of European colonization were the first time the island was incorporated as European territory, though it would be several decades later that treaties would actually be signed. However, no copies of these treaties exist.


title: Cape Breton Island

text: These Scottish triumphs, which left Cape Sable as the only major French holding in North America, did not last. Charles I's haste to make peace with France on the terms most beneficial to him meant the new North American gains would be bargained away in the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, which established which European power had laid claim over the territories.


title: Cape Breton Island

text: The French quickly defeated the Scots at Baleine, and established the first European settlements on Île Royale, which is present day Englishtown (1629) and St. Peter's (1630). These settlements lasted only one generation, until Nicolas Denys left in 1659. The island did not have any European settlers for another fifty years before those communities along with Louisbourg were re-established in 1713, after which point European settlement was permanently established on the island.


title: Cape Breton Island

text: Known as "Île Royale" ("Royal Island") to the French, the island also saw active settlement by France. After the French ceded their claims to Newfoundland and the Acadian mainland to the British by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, the French relocated the population of Plaisance, Newfoundland, to Île Royale and the French garrison was established in the central eastern part at Sainte Anne. As the harbour at Sainte Anne experienced icing problems, it was decided to build a much larger fortification at Louisbourg to improve defences at the entrance to the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and to defend France's fishing fleet on the Grand Banks. The French also built the Louisbourg Lighthouse in 1734, the first lighthouse in Canada and one of the first in North America. In addition to Cape Breton Island, the French colony of Île Royale also included Île Saint-Jean, today called Prince Edward Island, and Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine.