title: John Tenta

text: On the January 10, 1999 edition of "Heat" The Oddities (Golga and Kurrgan) got their revenge and defeated The Headbangers. Throughout the rest of January and February, The Oddities would lose to Too Much and The Disciples of Apocalypse on "Heat" and "Shotgun Saturday Night". At the 1999 Royal Rumble, Golga competed in the Royal Rumble match entering at number 3 and quickly eliminated by Steve Austin. The last appearance of The Oddities was on the February 28, 1999 edition of "Heat" after the Ministry of Darkness beat them down when Kurrgan lost to The Undertaker, with all Oddities members being released.


title: John Tenta

text: Tenta did, however, return to the WWF with the Earthquake gimmick for a pair of appearances in 2001. In April he competed in the 20 Man Gimmick Battle Royal match at WrestleMania X-Seven eliminated by Kamala and won by The Iron Sheik, while in December he defeated Tank Meloche in a dark match prior to a taping of "SmackDown"!.


title: John Tenta

text: He returned to All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) in November 2002 where he finished up his career in July 2003, being a part of the company's . At this time, Tenta (dressed in his Earthquake singlet) became a top gaijin during the transition period of owner Mrs. Baba selling the company to Keiji Muto. Tenta rose up the card after "Dr. Death" Steve Williams left the company in January 2003, also the month Mrs. Baba permanently left and the new ownership fully in effect. Throughout 2003, Tenta had storyline feuds and matches against Keiji Muto and Mike Awesome, and Tenta would frequently team with Gigantes (Jerry Tuite), who went to All Japan after his independent circuit run as Malice ended. Tenta would also wrestle in hardcore matches during his second run in AJPW.


title: John Tenta

text: Tenta retired from wrestling in 2004 after it was revealed that he had developed bladder cancer and was given a 20% chance to live, assuming he continued with his chemotherapy treatments. During his November 18, 2005 interview on WrestleCrap Radio, Tenta announced that a recent radiation dosage did not go as planned, and had no effect on the tumor. He also announced that multiple tumors had spread to his lungs. On June 7, 2006, Tenta died of bladder cancer at the age of 42. The first public notice of his death was posted on WWE.com on the same day. On the June 9, 2006, edition of "SmackDown", and the June 12, 2006, edition of "Raw", WWE showed a bumper that read "RIP 'Earthquake' John Tenta" before each show began.


title: John Tenta

text: John Tenta's professional wrestling career garnered him appearances in several video games. In 1991, Tenta as Earthquake was portrayed as a feature character in Technos' popular arcade video game "WWF WrestleFest". He was also included in the 1992 home video game "WWF Super WrestleMania" by LJN for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (he wasn't in the Sega Genesis version). In 2004, the Japanese video game developer Spike released "King of Colosseum II", a puroresu-wrestling game for PlayStation 2 that featured Tenta as a playable character; it was a Japan-only release. On April 14, 2009, Tenta was announced as downloadable content for "WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2009" which was released April 16, 2009. On February 23, 2016, he along with Typhoon appeared as downloadable content for "WWE 2K16". He also appeared in "WWE 2K17" as well as "WWE 2K18" along with Typhoon.


title: Demographics of Egypt

text: Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa and the fourth-most populous on the African continent, after Nigeria, Ethiopia and Democratic Republic of the Congo. About 95% of the country's 102 million people (July 2021) live along the banks of the Nile and in the Nile Delta, which fans out north of Cairo; and along the Suez Canal. These regions are among the world's most densely populated, containing an average of over 1,540 per km, as compared to 96 persons per km for the country as a whole.


title: Demographics of Egypt

text: Small communities spread throughout the desert regions of Egypt are clustered around historic trade and transportation routes. The government has tried with mixed success to encourage migration to newly irrigated land reclaimed from the desert. However, the proportion of the population living in rural areas has continued to decrease as people move to the megacities in search of employment and a higher standard of living.


title: Demographics of Egypt

text: According to the Peterson Institute for International Economics and other proponents of demographic structural approach (cliodynamics), the basic problem Egypt has is an unemployment rate driven by a demographic youth bulge: with the number of new people entering the job force at about 4% a year, unemployment in Egypt is almost 10 times as high for college graduates as it is for people who have gone through elementary school, particularly educated urban youth, who comprised most of the people that were seen out in the streets during the Egyptian revolution of 2011. An estimated 51.2% of Egyptians are under the age of 25, with just 4.3% over the age of 65, making it one of the most youthful populations in the world.


title: Demographics of Egypt

text: Egypt has a population of 92,000,000 (2016). According to the OECD/World Bank statistics population growth in Egypt from 1990 to 2008 was 23.7 million and 41%.


title: Demographics of Egypt

text: Egyptians have a long history of mobility, primarily across the Arab world, but emigration became much more popular once it was recognised as a right in the 1971 Constitution. According to the International Organization for Migration, an estimated 2.7 million Egyptians live abroad and contribute actively to the development of their country through remittances (US$7.8 billion in 2009), circulation of human and social capital, as well as investment. Approximately 70% of Egyptian migrants live in Arab countries (923,600 in Saudi Arabia, 332,600 in Libya, 226,850 in Jordan, 190,550 in Kuwait with the rest elsewhere in the region) and the remaining 30% are living mostly North America (318,000 in the United States, 110,000 in Canada) and Europe (90,000 in Italy).


title: Demographics of Egypt

text: The Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) had released high/medium/low population projections for 2011–2031 based on Final Results of 2006 Population Census. The 2020 high variant was 92.6 million, the medium – 91.0 million, the low – 90.0 million. The 2030 high variant is 104.4 million, the medium – 101.7 million, the low – 99.8 million. However the information could be misleading as the 2013 population figure of 84.6 million is higher than the projected high of 83 million. In fact, due to an unexpected rise in the fertility rate (from 3.0 to 3.5), the population already surpassed 91 million on 5 June 2016 while reaching 92 million on 30 November, average population age remaining stable despite a rising life expectancy.


title: Demographics of Egypt

text: As of 1 July 2014; data taken from CAPMAS: Information for population is in thousands, pop density – persons/km and area is in km.


title: Demographics of Egypt

text: The CIA World Factbook lists Egyptians as 99.7%, and "other" as 0.3% (2006 census). "Other" refers to people who are not citizens of Egypt, who come to Egypt to work for international companies, diplomats, etc.


title: Demographics of Egypt

text: The vast majority of the population of Egypt consists of Egyptians including Copts, Egyptians make up 95% of the population. The vast majority of Egyptians are native speakers of Egyptian Arabic.


title: Demographics of Egypt

text: Minorities in Egypt include the Copts who represent around 10% of the entire population and live all over the country, the Berber-speaking community of the Siwa Oasis (Siwis) and the Nubian people clustered along the Nile in the southernmost part of Egypt. There are also sizable minorities of Beja and Dom. There are also refugees mainly composed of Sudanese, and the over all refugees are estimated to be around 3–5 million, those from war-zone areas like Iraq, Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan, and Eritrea.


title: Demographics of Egypt

text: The country was also host to many different communities during the colonial period, including Greeks, Italians, and also from war-torn areas; the Lebanese, Syro-Lebanese, and other minority groups like Jews, Armenians, Turks and Albanians, though most either left or were compelled to leave after political developments in the 1950s. The country still hosts some 90,000 refugees and asylum seekers, mostly Palestinians and Sudanese.


title: Demographics of Egypt

text: Other sources give more detailed statistics, including the Beja(ca. 1 million), the Nubians (ca. 300,000 in 1996), Dom (ca. 230,000 in 1996), Berbers (Siwis) (ca. 5,000).


title: Demographics of Egypt

text: Arabic is the official language of Egypt, with the vast majority of Egyptians speaking Egyptian Arabic. In The Upper Nile valley, Sa'idi Arabic is prevalent. The Coptic language is used in the Coptic church for the majority of prayers, hymns, masses, and meditations.


title: Demographics of Egypt

text: Siwa language is used in ethnic Berber tribal areas in the western desert (Siwa), and Nubian language is widely used among the ethnic Nubians in the southern areas.


title: Demographics of Egypt

text: According to the CIA World Factbook, approximately 91% of the population is Muslim and 10% is Christian (9% Coptic Orthodox Church, 1% other Christian).


title: Demographics of Egypt

text: The literacy rate in modern Egyptian society is highly debated. Education is free through university and compulsory from ages six through 15, though enforcement may be lax. Rates for primary and secondary education have strengthened in recent years. The vast majority of children enter primary school though a significant number drop out. There are approx. 200,000 primary and secondary schools with some 10 million students, 13 major universities with more than 500,000 students, and 67 teacher colleges. Major universities include Cairo University (100,000 students), Ain Shams University, Alexandria University, the 1,000-year-old Al-Azhar University, one of the world's major centers of Islamic learning and the AUC (American University in Cairo), . The former first lady has created many project towards the advancement of Egyptian education and the efforts to force education to the remaining 7–9% of students who drop out illegally. Child labor is a contributing factor to these dropouts but it is considered a serious crime to work children under the legal age and charges are taken very seriously at this time.


title: Demographics of Egypt

text: Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 90%, Christian (majority Coptic Orthodox, other Christians include Armenian Apostolic, Catholic, Maronite, Orthodox, and Anglican) 10%


title: White Rabbit

text: The White Rabbit is a fictional and anthropomorphic character in Lewis Carroll's 1865 book "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland". He appears at the very beginning of the book, in chapter one, wearing a waistcoat, and muttering "Oh dear! Oh dear! I shall be too late!" Alice follows him down the rabbit hole into Wonderland. Alice encounters him again when he mistakes her for his housemaid Mary Ann and she becomes trapped in his house after growing too large. The Rabbit shows up again in the last few chapters, as a herald-like servant of the King and Queen of Hearts.


title: White Rabbit

text: In his article "Alice on the Stage", Carroll wrote, "And the White Rabbit, what of him? Was "he" framed on the 'Alice' lines, "or" meant as a contrast? As a contrast, distinctly. For "her" 'youth', 'audacity', 'vigour', and 'swift directness of purpose', read 'elderly', 'timid', 'feeble', and 'nervously shilly-shallying', and you will get something of what I meant him to be. I think the White Rabbit should wear spectacles. I'm sure his voice should quaver, and his knees quiver and his whole air suggest a total inability to say 'Boo' to a goose!"


title: White Rabbit

text: Overall, the White Rabbit seems to shift back and forth between pompous behaviour toward his underlings, such as his servants, and grovelling, obsequious behaviour toward his superiors, such as the Duchess, and the King and Queen of Hearts, in direct contrast to Alice, who is reasonably polite to everyone she meets.


title: White Rabbit

text: The White Rabbit's perennial unpunctuality is a nod to Oxford time, the tradition at Oxford (and especially Christ Church, where Carroll taught) of having events begin five minutes past the scheduled hour.


title: White Rabbit

text: Disney's animated version of the Rabbit is perhaps best known for the little song he sings on his first appearance, "I'm late! I'm late! For a very important date! No time to say hello, goodbye! I'm late! I'm late! I'm late!". His initial panicky behaviour is presumably because he is late for the royal garden party where he is due to act as herald; this would be quite enough for him to lose his head to the touchy Queen.


title: White Rabbit

text: He is often the straight man for other characters' zany antics; when he asks the Dodo for help on getting the "monster" (Alice) out of his house, Dodo's ultimate solution is to burn the house down, to which the White Rabbit is greatly opposed. At the Mad Tea Party, the Mad Hatter and the March Hare try to "fix" his watch, proclaiming it "exactly two days slow," and eventually destroy it in their efforts to correct it.


title: White Rabbit

text: The White Rabbit made a few appearances on the Disney Channel original show, "House of Mouse". His most notable appearance was in the episode "Clarabelle's Big Secret" when he confessed to Clarabelle Cow that "I'm not really late, and I don't really have a date. I'm a fraud!". He is seen being grabbed by the reservation clerk Daisy Duck in the show's intro. He was voiced by Corey Burton, who has voiced the Rabbit in all English speaking roles for the character since then. In Aladdin and the King of Thieves, the genie was transformed into him.


title: White Rabbit

text: In the PlayStation 2 action-RPG game "Kingdom Hearts" and its Game Boy Advance follow-up, "", the White Rabbit leads Sora, Donald Duck and Goofy to the Queen's palace, worried about being late. His Japanese voice actor was Shigeru Ushiyama.


title: White Rabbit

text: In episode "Potato Potahto" of "Alice's Wonderland Bakery", Alice and the White Rabbit made the potato dish together in Wonderland.


title: White Rabbit

text: The White Rabbit works for the Red Queen, but is also a secret member of the Underland Underground Resistance, and was sent by the Hatter to search for Alice. Actor Michael Sheen stated, "The White Rabbit is such an iconic character that I didn't feel like I should break the mould too much." In this film adaption, the White Rabbit is given the name Nivens McTwisp.


title: White Rabbit

text: McTwisp appears in the video game adaptation of Tim Burton's "Alice in Wonderland" as a playable character. He attacks using his watch and can manipulate time.


title: White Rabbit

text: The 1988 Czechoslovak film "Alice", noted for its disturbing interpretation of Carroll's story, shows a dark stop-motion version of the character. At the beginning of the film, the White Rabbit starts out as a stuffed rabbit that comes alive in Alice's bedroom and breaks out of his glass case; he leaks sawdust through a hole in his chest. During Alice's pursuit of the White Rabbit in Wonderland, he physically attacks her with paddles, a hacksaw, and a group of skeletal animals. The White Rabbit is also the Queen of Hearts' executioner, using scissors to behead the Mad Hatter, the March Hare, and other characters. Upon awakening from her dream and finding the White Rabbit missing from his case, Alice finds his scissors and resolves to behead him herself.


title: White Rabbit

text: A military trench-digging machine developed by the British Royal Navy at the beginning of World War II was originally known as "White Rabbit No. 6", but the name was changed to "Cultivator No. 6" to conceal its identity.


title: White Rabbit

text: In the 2010s, the phrase "Follow the White Rabbit" became popular among QAnon adherents, as the initiator of the conspiracy theory often used it to encourage his followers to do their own research about the purported "cabal" running the United States.


title: Russophilia

text: Russophilia (literally love of Russia or Russians) is admiration and fondness of Russia (including the era of the Soviet Union and/or the Russian Empire), Russian history and Russian culture. The antonym is Russophobia. In the 19th Century, Russophilia was often linked to variants of Pan-Slavism, since the Russian Empire and the autonomous Serbia were the only two slav-associated sovereign states during and after Spring of Nations.


title: Russophilia

text: American author Robert Alexander wrote: "I love Russians for their dramatic, emotional nature. They're not afraid to love, not afraid to get hurt, not afraid to exaggerate or act impulsively."


title: Russophilia

text: Russia is hugely popular in Serbia, and Serbs have always traditionally seen Russia as a close ally due to shared Slavic heritage, culture, and Orthodox faith. According to European Council on Foreign Relations, 54% of Serbians see Russia as an ally. In comparison, 11% see European Union as an ally, and only 6% see United States in the same manner. During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, a pro-Russian rally was held in Belgrade, attended by 4,000 people.


title: Russophilia

text: The Serbian village of Putinovo's inhabitants renamed their village in honor of Vladimir Putin. In Belgrade, there are the Russian Center of Science and Culture and the Hotel Moskva.


title: Russophilia

text: Montenegro is also an Eastern Orthodox and Slavic country. There is the Moscow Bridge in Podgorica, and a statue of Russian singer and actor Vladimir Vysotsky next to the bridge. During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, a pro-Russian rally was held in Nikšić.


title: Russophilia

text: Following Ukrainian independence in 1991 Ukrainians, mostly in the east and south of the country, voted to a see a more Russophile attitude of the government, ranging from closer economic partnership to full national union. Russia and Ukraine enjoyed especially close economic ties, while the Russophilic political party, the Party of Regions, became the largest party in the Verkhovna Rada in 2006. It would remain a dominant force in Ukrainian politics, until the 2014 Revolution of Dignity. Following the 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine, the overall attitude of Ukrainians towards Russia and Russians has become much more negative, with most Ukrainians favoring NATO and European Union membership.


title: Russophilia

text: 41% of Ukrainians had a "good" attitude towards Russians (42% negatively), while in general 54% of Russians had a positive attitude towards Ukraine, according to an October 2021 of the country's population. As of 2021, there were several parties in Ukraine considered Russophile including the Opposition Platform — For Life, the Opposition Bloc, Our Land, Nashi and the Party of Shariy.


title: Russophilia

text: Favorable perceptions of Russia in Vietnam have 83% of Vietnamese people viewing Russia's influence positively in 2017. This stems from the former Soviet Union support of Vietnam during the Vietnam War.


title: Russophilia

text: Support for Russia remains high among Indonesians as they found animosity towards the West and support for Russia owing to Moscow's perceived ties with Muslims and the Islamic world. The US and its allies also invaded Afghanistan and Iraq, and neglected Palestinians suffering under occupying Israeli forces.


title: Russophilia

text: In response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and pro-Ukrainian, anti-war protests around the world, many pro-Russian counter-protests were held. Such protests were held in several countries, including Australia, Burkina Faso, the Central African Republic, the Czech Republic, Germany, Moldova, Palestine, Serbia and the United Kingdom. Protests were also held in by pro-Russian activists in several Ukrainian cities, including Donetsk, Druzhkivka, Horlivka, Izyum, Kharkiv, Khartsyzk, Kramatorsk, Luhansk, Makyiyvka, Mariupol, Slovyansk and Yenakiiev.


title: Tekken (video game)

text: As with many fighting games, players choose a character from a lineup and engage in hand-to-hand combat with an opponent. Unlike most fighting games of the time, "Tekken" allows the player to control each of the fighter's four limbs independently. The player can watch the animation on screen and figure out the appropriate command (if the character kicks low with their right leg, the move is likely to be executed by pressing down and right kick or a similar variation). By default, there are two rounds of combat. However, the players have a choice from one to five rounds, as well as options for the time limit of each round. If the time limit for the round expires, the character with more health remaining will be declared the winner; if one does not exist, the round will be a draw.


title: Tekken (video game)

text: In the game, the name of the location is displayed in the bottom right corner of the screen. Unlike in the sequels, the locations were all representations of real places and included:


title: Tekken (video game)

text: The original arcade version features eight playable fighters. Each has a special "sub-boss" associated with them, who will be fought in Stage 8, followed by the final boss, Heihachi Mishima. The sub-boss characters are clones in terms of moveset, with only a handful of moves distinguishing them from the original.


title: Tekken (video game)

text: All sub-bosses and Heihachi were never made playable in the original arcade version. When the game was ported to the PlayStation, however, they were made unlockable by clearing Arcade Mode using different characters. In addition, the console version also adds Kazuya's alter-ego, Devil, who serves as Heihachi's final boss and can be unlocked as a costume for Kazuya by completing the "Galaga"-based minigame. All in all, a total of 17 playable fighters exist in the console version. A cutscene is unlocked when the player finishes the home version's Arcade Mode with each of the original eight characters.


title: Tekken (video game)

text: When Kazuya Mishima is 5 years old, his father Heihachi Mishima carries him to the top of a mountain and callously throws him off a cliff to test his son's strength, whether he is fit to lead the Mishima Zaibatsu, the family business, and to see if he will be able to climb back up the same cliff. Kazuya survives the initial fall, but left a large scar on his chest which causes a demonic entity within him called the Devil Gene to activate, offering Kazuya the opportunity to gain immense strength and power. Driven by his thirst for revenge, he climbs up the mountainside. To further motivate Kazuya, Heihachi adopts the Chinese orphan Lee Chaolan and raises him as a rival to his true son.


title: Tekken (video game)

text: Over the years, Kazuya travels around the world and competes in martial arts championships, becoming an undefeated champion, with the only blemish on his record being a draw against Paul Phoenix, an American martial artist who seeks to settle the score with him. 21 years later, Heihachi decides to test his son's strength and worth and announces the King of Iron Fist Tournament, after Kazuya defeated Lee Chaolan in the later stages of the tournament, he narrowly defeats Paul Phoenix in a furious battle that lasted for hours in the semi-finals and reaches the finals, where he battles Heihachi. However, Heihachi is unexpectedly defeated by Kazuya, empowered by the strength given to him by the Devil Gene, in an intense father-son battle. In an act of revenge, Kazuya picks up his father's unconscious body and tosses him down the same cliff that he was thrown off as a child. Smiling to himself, Kazuya becomes the owner of the Mishima Zaibatsu.


title: Tekken (video game)

text: "Tekken" was not originally conceived as a fighting game. The project began as an internal Namco test case for animating 3D character models, and eventually incorporated texture mapping similar to that found in Namco's 1993 racing game "Ridge Racer". In 1994, Namco acquired developers from longtime competitor Sega, which had recently created the first 3D fighting game with 1993's "Virtua Fighter". Namco's research managing director Shegeichi Nakamura had met with Sony Computer Entertainment head Ken Kutaragi in 1993 to discuss the preliminary PlayStation specifications, with Namco subsequently developing the Namco System 11 arcade board based on PlayStation hardware and "Tekken" as their answer to Sega's popular "Virtua Fighter". "Tekken" was initially planned for the Namco System 22, after Namco heard Sega was developing "Virtua Fighter 2" for their new Sega Model 2 arcade board, before the development of "Tekken" was later moved to the System 11 after the meeting with Kutaragi.


title: Tekken (video game)

text: The game was originally going to be titled "Rave War", but in its final stages of development it was changed to "Tekken". Also known as "Rave Wars", the prototype was demonstrated at the Amusement & Music Operators Association (AMOA) Expo in September 1994, before being renamed "Tekken" upon release.


title: Tekken (video game)

text: Directed by "Virtua Fighter" designer Seiichi Ishii, "Tekken" was intended to be a fundamentally similar title, with the addition of detailed textures and twice the frame rate. "Tekken" was further distinguished by its intuitive control scheme and memorable characters. Because it was developed for Namco's System 11 arcade board, which was based on raw PlayStation hardware, "Tekken" was easily ported to the latter. It was the first arcade game to use this board. "Tekken" was marketed to small arcades as a cheaper alternative to Sega's "Virtua Fighter 2", which was released for the more expensive Model 2 arcade board. Namco held a promotional tour to market the arcade game across North America in early 1995, holding video game competition tournaments in twelve cities.


title: Tekken (video game)

text: Originally released for the arcades in late 1994, "Tekken" was later ported to the PlayStation. The console version allowed players to unlock mid-boss characters when the game was beaten and had full motion videos. The PlayStation 2 version of "Tekken 5" features the arcade version of "Tekken" (being an emulated version of its arcade counterpart as well as the other two that were included in the arcade history mode). In 2005, Namco re-released "Tekken" as part of the "NamCollection" compilation for the PlayStation 2 to celebrate the company's 50th anniversary.


title: Tekken (video game)

text: In Japan, "Game Machine" listed it on their February 1, 1995 issue as being the fifth most-popular arcade game for the previous two weeks. It went on to be Japan's fourth highest-grossing arcade game of 1995, below "Virtua Fighter 2", "Street Fighter Zero" and "". In the United States, it was one of top five highest-grossing arcade conversion kits of 1995.


title: Tekken (video game)

text: "Tekken" was the first PlayStation game to sell over a million units. In Japan, it sold 942,000 units in 1995, making it the fourth best-selling home video game of 1995, below "Dragon Quest VI", "Chrono Trigger" and "Virtua Fighter 2". "Tekken" was also a best-seller in the United Kingdom, where it was the top-selling game in October and December 1995. In the United States, the game sold 786,556 units, for a combined units sold in Japan and the United States.


title: Tekken (video game)

text: "Guinness World Records" awarded "Tekken" with multiple records in the "Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition 2008". These include, "First PlayStation Game to Sell Over One Million Units", "First Fighting Game To Feature Simulated 3D", as well as a record for the entire series as "The Best Selling Fighting Series for PlayStation Consoles."


title: Tekken (video game)

text: "Tekken" was well-received by game critics. The arcade prototype "Rave War" demonstrated at AMOA 1994 received a positive preview from "Electronic Gaming Monthly", with a writer for the magazine comparing it favorably with "Virtua Fighter 2" and stating "I found Rave War quite a bit more fun to play."


title: Tekken (video game)

text: On release of the PlayStation version, "Famicom Tsūshin" ("Famitsu") scored "Tekken" a 38 out of 40, while giving it an 8 out of 10 in their Reader Cross Review. "Edge" opined that, despite "lacking the overall visual allure" of "Virtua Fighter 2", "Tekken" "not only matches" the "style and quality of Sega's character animation, but it pushes its rival to the wire in playability terms, too." "GamePro" called the PlayStation version "one of the best arcade-to-home translations ever" and commented that while the graphics look rough and blocky compared to "Battle Arena Toshinden", the moves all have a clear and definite usefulness. They also praised the absence of ring-outs and the sound effects, and concluded "With impressive controls, lots of fighters, and strategic gameplay, "Tekken" makes "Toshinden" look more like pretty fighting than a real fight." "Maximum" called it "far and away the finest beat 'em up to grace this super console so far", citing the well-balanced player characters, "innovative" control mechanic of assigning one button to each limb, complexity of the moves, and ten playable boss characters, and arguing that the game is superior to "Toshinden" in both gameplay and graphics. However, they did criticize the poor PAL optimization of the European release. Like "GamePro", "Next Generation" considered the game's graphics to be its weakest point, specifically the lack of animation on the backgrounds. They nonetheless considered it a new standard for polygonal fighting games, remarking in particular that the controls are easy to master and every character in the game has their own unique and compelling special move. In 1996, GamesMaster ranked the game 49th on their "Top 100 Games of All Time."


title: Carly Chaikin

text: Carly Hannah Chaikin (born March 26, 1990) is an American actress. Her acting career began in 2009 and she received her breakout role two years later, co-starring as Dalia Royce in the ABC sitcom "Suburgatory". She played the role until the series' cancellation in 2014, and one year later began playing the role of Darlene in the USA Network thriller drama series "Mr. Robot".


title: Carly Chaikin

text: Chaikin was born in Santa Monica, California, to a cardiologist father and a psychotherapist mother. She was raised Jewish and has a sister.


title: Carly Chaikin

text: She attended The Archer School for Girls and the New Roads School. During this time she played a variety of sports, including volleyball, softball, basketball, and soccer.


title: Carly Chaikin

text: Chaikin knew she wanted to be an actress since she was 11. During high school, she decided to forgo college and dedicate herself to acting.


title: Carly Chaikin

text: In 2009, Chaikin landed the role of Veronica in the film "The Consultants", released December 4, 2010 in the US. The same year, Chaikin starred alongside Miley Cyrus in the film adaptation of Nicholas Sparks' "The Last Song", initially released in the US on March 31, 2010. She played the role of Blaze, the antagonist of the film, a rebel that stirs up trouble for Ronnie, played by Cyrus.


title: Carly Chaikin

text: In 2011, Chaikin was cast as Dalia Oprah Royce in the ABC sitcom "Suburgatory" alongside Jeremy Sisto and Cheryl Hines. Chaikin's character, Dalia, was the mean girl to Jane Levy's Tessa, Her performance received universal acclaim; she quickly became a fan favorite and her performance a popular highlight of the show. Chaikin originally auditioned for the role of Tessa. Chaikin wrote a series of articles as her character, Dalia, for the magazine, "Parade." As her character, Dalia, she shot a music video called "You Missed A Spot." In 2013, Chaikin was nominated for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for her role in "Suburgatory" and was discussed as a potential Emmy nomination. The series ended its run on May 14, 2014.


title: Carly Chaikin

text: In addition to acting, Chaikin is a writer and producer of short films, including "Happy Fucking Birthday", and "Nowhere to Go", which was honored at the First Glance Film Festival in 2013.


title: Carly Chaikin

text: In September 2014, Chaikin was cast in the USA Network TV series, "Mr. Robot", starring Rami Malek ("Elliot") and Christian Slater ("Mr. Robot"). She plays the programmer Darlene, one of the show's central characters, who is a member of the fsociety group and writes malicious rootkit code. Chaikin auditioned for the roles of both Angela and Darlene. She said that it was a great pilot and that the bad-ass nature of the character really appealed to her. "Mr. Robot" has received widespread critical acclaim. At the 2015 SXSW film festival, the show won the Audience Award for Episodic TV shows. Chaikin was a series regular for all four seasons of "Mr. Robot".


title: Carly Chaikin

text: During the five years Chaikin was involved with "Mr. Robot", she also appeared in three independent films, the 2015 thriller "Bad Blood", the 2017 comedy "People You May Know", and the 2018 rom-com "Social Animals," as well as filmed the currently unreleased film "Last Moment of Clarity". In 2015, Chaikin guest-starred on Marc Maron's TV show, "Maron", as Tina, a college teaching assistant whom Marc's friend (played by Adam Goldberg) has slept with. In 2019, she was featured in the New Years episode of Hulu's horror anthology "Into the Dark". Additionally, Chaikin has been a guest judge on Project Runway two times; in season 15 (2016) and season 16 (2017).


title: Carly Chaikin

text: In February 2021, it was announced that Chaikin was developing her television series "Messy" with Miramax TV. Chaikin will star in the show, which she also wrote and will be showrunning with producer Liz Brizius.


title: Carly Chaikin

text: Chaikin is also a painter, focusing on acrylics and oil, with some mixed media collage. Although she took painting classes growing up, Chaikin says that she is mostly self-taught.


title: Carly Chaikin

text: Chaikin is involved with the charitable organization National Alliance on Mental Illness, which conducts research and support for people and their families impacted by mental illness. She served as emcee of NAMI Walks in both 2016 and 2017, as well as raised money for the organization, including matching incoming donations. In the past she has recorded PSAs for the group.


title: Carly Chaikin

text: On September 3, 2018, Chaikin announced that she is engaged to her longtime boyfriend, television director Ryan Bunnell. The two live in Los Angeles.


title: Asmir Begović

text: Asmir Begović (; born 20 June 1987) is a Bosnian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for club Everton.


title: Asmir Begović

text: Begović started his professional career with English club Portsmouth, signing for them in the summer of 2003. After a sequence of loans, he made his Premier League debut in May 2009 and was sold to Stoke City for £3.25 million in February 2010. In the 2012–13 season, he played every league match and won the club's Player of the Year award. In November 2013, Begović became the fifth goalkeeper to score a goal in the Premier League, scoring from 97.5 yards (89.15 meters) against Southampton after 13 seconds, also getting the World Record for 'longest goal scored in football'. In July 2015, he joined Premier League champions Chelsea for a fee of £8 million, remaining second-choice until his move to AFC Bournemouth two years later. After losing his place to Artur Boruc early in 2019, he was loaned to Qarabağ and A.C. Milan before signing for Everton.


title: Asmir Begović

text: Begović represented Canada at youth level playing for them at the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup. In 2009, he decided to change his allegiance and represent his native country, Bosnia and Herzegovina. He soon established himself as their number one goalkeeper and helped them qualify for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, their first major tournament.


title: Asmir Begović

text: Begović was born in Trebinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was at the time part of Yugoslavia, to a Bosnian Muslim family. His father, Amir, was also a goalkeeper who played for Leotar and Iskra Bugojno whilst his mother, Ajnija, hails from Stolac. The Begović family fled the Bosnian War to Germany when Asmir was four years old, where he began to play organised football with local youth club FC Kirchhausen in Heilbronn. When he was 10, his family moved to Edmonton in Canada.


title: Asmir Begović

text: Begović attended the St. Francis Xavier High School where he played for their academy. He also played Minor League Soccer with the Southwest Sting Soccer Club in Edmonton which earned him a call-up to the Canada under-17 squad. In 2003, he earned a trial with Portsmouth and Tottenham Hotspur and his representatives paid for him to fly over to England. After two days with Portsmouth, coaches David Hurst and Mark O'Connor were suitably impressed and offered Begović a contract before his trial at Tottenham could begin.


title: Asmir Begović

text: Begović signed a youth contract with Portsmouth in the summer of 2003 and due to him not having a European Union passport he spent two years on an education visa which prevented him from featuring in matches which involved money being taken on the gate. After playing for the youth team he then spent time on loan at La Louviere in Belgium in 2005 where he played twice in the Belgian top flight. Begović got his UK visa in the summer of 2006 which allowed him to sign on loan for Macclesfield Town in the 2006–07 season, making his Football League debut in a 1–1 draw at Stockport County on 25 November as an 80th minute substitute, after injury to first choice goalkeeper Jonny Brain. His loan spell was cut short, however, as he sustained a knee injury after making just three appearances. In August 2007, Begović was loaned to AFC Bournemouth in League One in a deal lasting until January 2008. He was recalled back from Bournemouth on 11 October 2007. On 8 December 2007, Begović was named in Portsmouth's 16-man matchday squad for the first time in a Premier League game in a match against Aston Villa as a substitute.


title: Asmir Begović

text: In March 2008, he signed for Yeovil Town on loan for a month with Portsmouth having the right to recall him back when they so desired. On 29 March Begović made his debut for Yeovil, keeping a clean sheet against Bristol Rovers. He was subsequently recalled after making two appearances despite Yeovil trying to re-sign him on an emergency loan. The "Glovers" manager Russell Slade revealed in June 2008 that he wanted to sign Begović on loan again after Steve Mildenhall joined Southend United. The move was delayed however due to his grandfather passing away. He rejoined Yeovil on loan, this time for three months in August 2008. He made 14 league appearances, keeping three clean sheets in a struggling Yeovil side.


title: Asmir Begović

text: Begović made his Portsmouth debut against Sunderland in their 3–1 win on 18 May 2009. Following his Premier League debut for Pompey Begović expressed his delight. "It was fantastic, to make your first Premier League appearance is something I've looked forward to for a long long time." He joined Championship team Ipswich Town on loan until 16 January 2010 in October. On 23 November Begović was recalled to Portsmouth due to David James being injured, ending his Ipswich Town loan after having played six matches. On his return to Fratton Park he went on to play 15 first team matches during the 2009–10 season.


title: Asmir Begović

text: On 1 February 2010, Begović signed a four-and-a-half-year contract at Stoke City for a fee of £3.25 million. Following the signing manager Tony Pulis revealed that he had been tracking Begović for a while. "We have been tracking Asmir for some time and we believe that potentially he is the best young keeper in the country". Begović had also held talks with Tottenham Hotspur prior to joining Stoke, but opted for the "Potters" due to "sporting reasons". He later revealed his relief at leaving Portsmouth following their financial turmoil during the 2009–10 season. Portsmouth ended up owing Tottenham money for Begović, despite him turning them down, as Tottenham had already paid Portsmouth an instalment on the transfer. Portsmouth were ordered to pay Tottenham £1 million by the Premier League over the aborted transfer as Spurs had already made an initial payment for both Begović and Younès Kaboul.


title: Asmir Begović

text: Begović made his debut for Stoke against Chelsea on 25 April 2010, replacing the injured Thomas Sørensen in the 35th minute, where he conceded five goals. He kept his first clean sheet for City in a 0–0 draw with Everton on 1 May 2010. He also played in the last two games of the 2009–10 season against Fulham and Manchester United.


title: Asmir Begović

text: At the start of the 2010–11 season Begović was handed the number one jersey by manager Tony Pulis. Begović allegedly refused to play in a League Cup match against Shrewsbury Town, a decision which Pulis said was "totally disrespectful". Begović on the other hand, denied that he had refused to play. Despite this Begović played his first match of the season in the next round of the League Cup against Fulham and then West Ham United. He made his first league appearance on 30 October against Everton replacing the injured Sørensen. Following this Begović took over from Sørensen as City's first choice 'keeper, he also 'made peace' with Tony Pulis with his absence from the Shrewsbury match. After a narrow defeat at Arsenal in February 2011 Begović believes that Stoke are developing well. The following week against West Ham, Begović made an error gifting a goal to Demba Ba. Begović missed out on an FA Cup Final with second choice 'keeper Sørensen being preferred to play in cup matches.


title: Asmir Begović

text: Begović started the 2011–12 season as first choice keeper and earned praise from Tony Pulis after he kept five clean sheets in six matches including a fine display against Liverpool on 11 September. However, Begović then conceded eighteen goals in the next seven matches, including a woeful 5–0 defeat by Bolton Wanderers a performance which led him to apologise to the supporters for his display. Following the Bolton match he was dropped in favour of Sørensen. Begović signed a new four-and-a-half year contract extension with Stoke in December 2011 keeping him at the club until 2016. He regained number 1 spot in March 2012. Begović continued as City's number one stopper in 2012–13 and began the season in fine form conceding just 12 goals in the opening 15 matches. Despite Stoke having a poor second half to the season, Begović remained in decent enough form and won the Player of the Year Award.


title: Asmir Begović

text: Begović remained first choice 'keeper going into the 2013–14 season under new manager Mark Hughes and produced a man of the match performance on the opening day against Liverpool. On 2 November 2013, Begović scored after 13 seconds against Southampton at a distance of 97.5 yards, after his long kick downfield deceived Artur Boruc. His goal against Southampton earned him a place in the 2015 "Guinness World Records" for the 'longest goal scored in football'.


title: Asmir Begović

text: Begović missed his first League match for almost two years at Newcastle United on 26 December after he broke his finger in a training session which ruled him out for five weeks. He returned to the starting line-up against Chelsea on 26 January 2014. Begović played 33 times for Stoke in 2013–14 as the team finished in 9th position.


title: Asmir Begović

text: Begović kept his 50th clean sheet for Stoke on 4 March 2015 in a 2–0 victory over Everton. Begović kept his place as number one keeper in 2014–15 playing in 36 matches as Stoke finished the season again in ninth position and they ended the campaign with a 6–1 victory against Liverpool. He was dropped by Mark Hughes for three matches in May after making a mistake against Sunderland. This prompted media speculation about his future at the club. Indeed, Begović departed the Britannia Stadium in July 2015, in total he spent five-and-a-half seasons at Stoke making 172 appearances.


title: Asmir Begović

text: On 13 July 2015, Chelsea signed Begović on a four-year deal for a fee of £8 million. As part of the deal Chelsea also offered midfielder Marco van Ginkel in part exchange to Stoke on loan for one season.


title: Asmir Begović

text: He made his debut nine days later on Chelsea's pre-season tour, coming on at half time for Thibaut Courtois with Chelsea 1–0 up against the New York Red Bulls, but the match ended in a 4-2 defeat. His first competitive fixture was the 2015 FA Community Shield on 2 August at Wembley Stadium, in which he was unused in a 1–0 loss to rivals Arsenal. Six days later he came on as a substitute for Oscar when Courtois was sent off for conceding a penalty with a foul on Bafétimbi Gomis, who converted it for a 2–2 draw. On 16 August, Begović made his first competitive start for Chelsea in a 3–0 away loss to Manchester City. A month later, he earned the first clean sheet of the season for Chelsea in a UEFA Champions League match against Maccabi Tel Aviv which ended in a 4–0 win for Chelsea. He kept a sequence of three clean sheets before Courtois returned to the team on 5 December.


title: Asmir Begović

text: In his second season with Chelsea, Begović didn't get much playing time, and there were speculations that he would leave the club in the winter transfer window. However, since Chelsea couldn't find a replacement for him, he was forced to stay at Stamford Bridge. In spite of featuring in only two league games, he received a winners' medal as Chelsea won the 2016–17 Premier League.


title: Asmir Begović

text: On 30 May 2017, Begović signed for Premier League club Bournemouth on a long-term contract for an undisclosed fee. He debuted on 12 August on the opening day of the new Premier League season, in a 0–1 loss against West Bromwich Albion. He kept his first clean sheet in the season on 30 September, in a 0–0 draw against Leicester City. On 31 January 2018, he played in a 3–0 win at his former club Chelsea. He played all 38 league games for the Cherries and manager Eddie Howe as being worth his £10 million fee.


title: Asmir Begović

text: After conceding 14 goals over four consecutive defeats, Begović was dropped for the first time in January 2019, for Artur Boruc. The Polish veteran then secured his place as Bournemouth's goalkeeper at Begović's expense.


title: Asmir Begović

text: On 2 September 2019, Begović was sent on a six-month loan to Qarabağ. He made his debut 13 days later, in a 2–0 victory against Neftçi in the Azerbaijan Premier League. He signed on loan for Serie A club AC Milan for the rest of the 2019–20 season on 13 January 2020. He played twice, first on 22 February in a 1–1 draw at Fiorentina, as a 52nd-minute replacement for the injured Gianluigi Donnarumma, then in a 2–1 home loss to Genoa on 8 March.


title: Asmir Begović

text: Begović made 45 Championship appearances for Bournemouth in the 2020–21 season, keeping 15 clean sheets.


title: Asmir Begović

text: On 20 July 2021, Begović joined Everton on an initial 12-month contract with an option for a further year. He made his debut on 24 August in the second round of the EFL Cup, a 2–1 win at Huddersfield Town. Second-choice to Jordan Pickford, he played three Premier League games in his first season, starting with a 3–0 loss at Aston Villa on 18 September.


title: Asmir Begović

text: Begović was the starting goalkeeper for Canada in the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup. He made several difficult saves for his team in a 3–0 loss to Chile and let in one goal against Austria. Late in the third match of the tournament, after allowing two goals, Begović came out of his area to play a long ball from a Congo defender. The ball took a high bounce off the wet pitch, forcing him to use his hands to prevent it from going over his head. He was shown a straight red card, and midfielder Jonathan Beaulieu-Bourgault was forced to play in goal, as Canada had used up its three substitutes.


title: Asmir Begović

text: On 14 August 2007, 20-year-old Begović received his first call-up to the senior Canada squad for the friendly match with Iceland, but didn't see any action on the pitch. In November 2008, he accepted another call for Canada's 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier versus Jamaica, but again didn't get any playing time as Lars Hirschfeld was the preferred option in goal.


title: Asmir Begović

text: Players with dual nationality, like Begović, who had already played for a country's national team at youth level, were not allowed to switch nationalities after they turned 21, but on 3 June 2009 FIFA removed the age limit. In late June 2009, he spoke with Bosnian head coach Miroslav Blažević about the possibility of making his debut for Bosnia and Herzegovina. Quotes in the Bosnian media seemed to indicate Begović's intent to play for the country of his birth. Begović missed the 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup for Canada saying Portsmouth wanted him to spend the whole pre-season with the club. On 12 July 2009 on "" on the TEAM 1040 radio in Canada he indicated his desire to continue with the Canadian national team. He suggested that comments he had made to Bosnia's head coach had been misinterpreted due to poor translation. In the same interview, Begović also said:


title: Asmir Begović

text: However, less than two months later, Begović changed his mind and on 21 August 2009 accepted a call-up for two Bosnia 2010 World Cup qualifiers: away at Armenia on 5 September 2009, and four days later versus Turkey at home in Zenica. During the pre-match preparations, Begović gave an interview to the Bosnian web portal, stating among other things:


title: Asmir Begović

text: He did not play in either match. However, his debut for the national team finally came in the next qualifier against Estonia. He came on to replace Kenan Hasagić in the 92nd minute of the match, in which Bosnia won the match with a final score of 2–0.


title: Asmir Begović

text: On 3 March 2010, he played a significant role in a match for the first time as he got to play the second half in Bosnia's friendly match against Ghana. Bosnia won the match 2–1 and Begović didn't concede any goals. He received his first full cap against Sweden in May 2010. Bosnia lost the match 4–2, but Begović was not responsible for any of the goals according to the Bosnian media, as they blamed Bosnia's defense for the goals. He caused controversy after he pulled out of Bosnia's friendlies against Slovakia and Mexico.


title: Asmir Begović

text: In August 2012, Begović became first-choice goalkeeper for the national team. On 27 May 2013, Begović has been voted the 2012 Bosnian Footballer of the Year by the Bosnian Sport Writers' Jury. On 16 October 2013 Bosnia defeated Lithuania 1–0 to qualify for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, their first major tournament.


title: Asmir Begović

text: In June 2014, he was named in Bosnia and Herzegovina's squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, where he played full 90 minutes in all three matches.


title: Asmir Begović

text: On 18 June 2011, Begović married his American-born wife, Nicolle Howard, with whom he has two daughters, Taylor and Blair Rose Begović. In April 2011 he joined FC Edmonton's charity 'Kicks for Kids Program'.


title: Asmir Begović

text: Begović was born in Bosnia and Herzegovina while it was part of the SFR Yugoslavia, and moved to Germany at the age of four. Growing up in Germany, Begović supported Bayern Munich and cites goalkeeping great Oliver Kahn as his inspiration. He also attended matches at his local club VfB Stuttgart. Along with his native Bosnian, Begović is fluent in three additional languages: German, English and French. In October 2013 he set up his own charity, the Asmir Begović Foundation.


title: Asmir Begović

text: In April 2020, Begović played a football video game against fellow professional Alphonso Davies – who also came to Canada as a child refugee – to raise funds for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.


title: Hedera helix

text: Hedera helix, the common ivy, English ivy, European ivy, or just ivy, is a species of flowering plant of the ivy genus in the family Araliaceae, native to most of Europe and western Asia. A rampant, clinging evergreen vine, it is a familiar sight in gardens, waste spaces, and wild areas, where it grows on walls, fences, tree trunks, etc. across its native and introduced habitats. As a result of its hardy nature, and its tendency to grow readily without human assistance, ivy attained popularity as an ornamental plant, but escaped plants have become naturalised outside its native range and grow unchecked in myriad wild and cultivated areas.


title: Hedera helix

text: Synonyms include "Hedera acuta", "Hedera arborea" ('tree ivy'), "Hedera baccifera", and "Hedera grandifolia." Other common names are bindwood and lovestone.


title: Hedera helix

text: The genus name is the Classical Latin word for 'ivy', which is cognate with Greek () 'to get, grasp', both deriving ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *"" 'to seize, grasp, take'. The specific epithet "helix" derives from Ancient Greek (), 'helix', and from the Latin , 'spiral', first used around 1600. The binomial in its entirety thus has the meaning "the clinging plant that coils in spirals (helices)". The modern English "ivy" derives from Middle English , from Old English , deriving in turn from Proto-Germanic . The meaning is uncertain, but the word may be cognate with the Ancient Greek (), referring to not "Hedera helix", but the unrelated English lavender, or "Lavandula angustifolia".


title: Hedera helix

text: "Hedera helix" is an evergreen climbing plant, growing to high where suitable surfaces (trees, cliffs, walls) are available, and also growing as groundcover where no vertical surfaces occur. It climbs by means of aerial rootlets with matted pads which cling strongly to the substrate. The ability to climb on surfaces varies with the plants variety and other factors: "Hedera helix" prefers non-reflective, darker and rough surfaces with near-neutral pH. It generally thrives in a wide range of soil pH with 6.5 being ideal, prefers moist, shady locations and avoids exposure to direct sunlight, the latter promoting drying out in winter.


title: Hedera helix

text: The leaves are alternate, long, with a petiole; they are of two types, with palmately five-lobed juvenile leaves on creeping and climbing stems, and unlobed cordate adult leaves on fertile flowering stems exposed to full sun, usually high in the crowns of trees or the top of rock faces.


title: Hedera helix

text: The flowers are produced from late summer until late autumn, individually small, in umbels, greenish-yellow, and very rich in nectar, an important late autumn food source for bees and other insects.


title: Hedera helix

text: The fruit are purple-black to orange-yellow berries in diameter, ripening in late winter, and are an important food source for many birds.


title: Hedera helix

text: The closely related species "Hedera canariensis" and "Hedera hibernica" are also often treated as subspecies of "H. helix", though they differ in chromosome number and so do not hybridise readily. "H. helix" can be best distinguished by the shape and colour of its leaf trichomes, usually smaller and slightly more deeply lobed leaves and somewhat less vigorous growth, though identification is often not easy.


title: Hedera helix

text: The range of European ivy is from Ireland northeast to southern Scandinavia, south to Portugal, and east to Ukraine and Iran and northern Turkey. In Britain, it is very common and widespread, but absent from the Isle of Man and Channel Islands


title: Hedera helix

text: The northern and eastern limits are at about the winter isotherm, while to the west and southwest, it is replaced by other species of ivy. "Hedera helix" itself is much more winter-hardy and survives temperatures of (USDA Zone 6a) and above.


title: Hedera helix

text: Ivy is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant. Within its native range, the species is greatly valued for attracting wildlife. The flowers are visited by over 70 species of nectar-feeding insects, and the berries eaten by at least 16 species of birds. The foliage provides dense evergreen shelter, and is also browsed by deer.


title: Hedera helix

text: In Europe, it is frequently planted to cover walls and the Bavarian government recommends growing it on buildings for its ability to cool the interior in summer, while providing insulation in winter, as well as protecting the covered building from soil moisture, temperature fluctuations and direct exposure to heavy weather. Further uses include weed suppression in plantings, beautifying unsightly facades and providing additional green by growing on tree trunks.


title: Hedera helix

text: However, ivy can be problematic. It is a fast-growing, self-clinging climber that is capable of causing damage to brickwork, guttering, etc., and hiding potentially serious structural faults, as well as harbouring unwelcome pests. Careful planning and placement are essential.


title: Hedera helix

text: Over 30 cultivars have been selected for leaf traits such as yellow, white, variegated (e.g. 'Glacier'), and deeply lobed (e.g. 'Sagittifolia'), and other traits like purple stems and slow, dwarfed growth.


title: Hedera helix

text: Ivy berries are somewhat poisonous to humans, but ivy extracts are part of current cough medicines. In the past, the leaves and berries were taken orally as an expectorant to treat cough and bronchitis. In 1597, the British herbalist John Gerard recommended water infused with ivy leaves as a wash for sore or watering eyes. The leaves can cause severe contact dermatitis in some people. People who have this allergy (strictly a type IV hypersensitivity) are also likely to react to carrots and other members of the Apiaceae as they contain the same allergen, falcarinol.


title: Hedera helix

text: Previous studies showed that the "Hedera helix" extract contains alpha- and beta-hederin (α-hederin and β-hederin), falcarinol, didehydrofalcarinol, rutin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, emetine, nicotiflorin, hederasaponin B and hederacoside C. However, only three extracted components were detectable more than 1.5% in the European ivy leaves (hederacoside C 15.69%, chloro-genic acid 2.07%, and rutin 1.62%). Other components were detectable in very few amounts (< 1%) or not detectable in some studies.


title: Hedera helix

text: Owing to the large number of saponins in the leaves and fruits of "H. helix", it is mildly poisonous to animals like rabbits and can lead to anemia.


title: Hedera helix

text: Like other exotic species, ivy has predominantly been spread to areas by human action. "H. helix" is labeled as an invasive species in many parts of the United States, and its sale or import is banned in the state of Oregon.


title: Hedera helix

text: With a great capacity for adaptation, ivy will grow wherever development conditions and habitat similar to that of its European origins exist, occurring as opportunistic species across a wide distribution with close vicariant relatives and few species, indicating recent speciation.


title: Hedera helix

text: It is considered a noxious weed across southern, especially south-eastern, Australia and local councils provide free information and limited services for removal. In some councils it is illegal to sell the plant.


title: Hedera helix

text: In the United States, "H. helix" is considered weedy or invasive in a number of regions and is on the official noxious weed lists in Oregon and Washington. Like other invasive vines such as kudzu, "H. helix" can grow to choke out other plants and create "ivy deserts". State- and county-sponsored efforts are encouraging the destruction of ivy in forests of the Pacific Northwest and the Southern United States. Its sale or import is banned in Oregon. Ivy can easily escape from cultivated gardens and invade nearby parks, forests and other natural areas via squirrels and birds.


title: Hedera helix

text: Although popular as a winter holiday decoration, "H. helix" is invasive and is a pathogen alternate host in British Columbia.


title: Hedera helix

text: Ivy should not be planted or encouraged in areas where it is invasive. Where it is established, it is very difficult to control or eradicate. In the absence of active and ongoing measures to control its growth, it tends to crowd out all other plants, including shrubs and trees.


title: Hedera helix

text: Ivy can climb into the canopy of young or small trees in such density that the trees fall over from the weight, a problem that does not normally occur in its native range.


title: Hedera helix

text: In its mature form, dense ivy can destroy habitat for native wildlife and creates large sections of solid ivy where no other plants can develop. It is also thought to be a reservoir for leaf scorch bacteria. However, the UK Woodland Trust considers that it does not damage trees and hence does not require removal. The ivy also blocks the sun from the trees that need it for photosynthesis.


title: Hedera helix

text: As with any self-climbing facade green, some care is required to make best use of the positive effects: Ivy covering the walls of an old building is a familiar and often attractive sight. It has insulating as well as weather protection benefits, dries the soil and prevents wet walls, but can be problematic if not managed correctly.


title: Hedera helix

text: Ivy, and especially European ivy ("H. helix") grows vigorously and clings by means of fibrous roots, which develop along the entire length of the stems. These are difficult to remove, leaving an unsightly "footprint" on walls, and possibly resulting in expensive resurfacing work. Additionally, ivy can quickly invade gutters and roofspaces, lifting tiles and causing blockages. It also harbors mice and other creatures. The plants have to be cut off at the base, and the stumps dug out or killed to prevent regrowth.


title: Hedera helix

text: Therefore, if a green facade is desired, this decision has to be made consciously, since later removal would be tedious.


title: Hedera helix

text: "Hedera helix" is able to climb relatively smooth vertical surfaces, creating a strong, long lasting adhesion with a force of around 300 nN. This is accomplished through a complex method of attachment starting as adventitious roots growing along the stem make contact with the surface and extend root hairs that range from 20 to 400 μm in length. These tiny hairs grow into any small crevices available, secrete glue-like nanoparticles, and lignify. As they dry out, the hairs shrink and curl, effectively pulling the root closer to the surface. The glue-like substance is a nano composite adhesive that consists of uniform spherical nanoparticles 50-80 nm in diameter in a liquid polymer matrix. Chemical analyses of the nanoparticles detected only trace amounts of metals, once thought to be responsible for their high strength, indicating that they are largely organic. Recent work has shown that the nanoparticles are likely composed in large part of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), which exist in other plant adhesives as well. The matrix portion of the composite is made of pectic polysaccharides. Calcium ions present in the matrix induce interactions between carboxyl groups of these components, causing a cross linking that hardens the adhesive.


title: Meisner technique

text: The Meisner technique is an approach to acting developed by American theatre practitioner Sanford Meisner.


title: Meisner technique

text: The goal of the Meisner approach is for the actor to not focus on themselves and instead concentrate on the other actors in the immediate environment. To this end, some exercises for the Meisner technique are rooted in repetition so that the words are deemed insignificant compared to the underlying emotion. In the Meisner technique, there is a greater focus on the other actor as opposed to one's internal thoughts or feelings associated with the character.


title: Meisner technique

text: The Meisner technique is different from method acting taught by Lee Strasberg, although both developed from the early teachings of Konstantin Stanislavski.


title: Meisner technique

text: Meisner training is an interdependent series of training exercises that build on one another. The more complex work supports a command of dramatic text. Students work on a series of progressively complex exercises to develop an ability to first improvise, then to access an emotional life, and finally to bring the spontaneity of improvisation and the richness of personal response to textual work. The techniques developed the behavioral strand of Stanislavski's. The technique is used to develop improvisation skills as well as "interpreting a script, and creating the specific physical characteristics of each character the actor played".


title: Meisner technique

text: An example of a technique Meisner invented to train actors' responses is called the Repetition Exercise:


title: Meisner technique

text: In this exercise, two actors sit across from each other and respond to each other through a repeated phrase. Initially, the phrase refers to an external physical characteristic such as "You're wearing a red shirt." As the exercise progresses, it becomes more about each other's behavior, and reflects what is going on between them in the moment, such as "You look unhappy with me right now." The way this phrase is said as it is repeated changes in meaning, tone and intensity to correspond with the behavior that each actor produces towards the other. Through this device, the actor stops thinking of what to say and do, and responds more freely and spontaneously, both physically and vocally. The exercise also eliminates line readings, since the way the actor speaks becomes coordinated with his behavioral response.


title: Meisner technique

text: To be an interesting actor – hell, to be an interesting human being – you must be authentic and for you to be authentic you must embrace who you really are, warts and all. Do you have any idea how liberating it is to not care what people think about you? Well, that's what we're here to do. — Sanford Meisner


title: Meisner technique

text: Meisner began developing his approach to acting technique while working with the Group Theatre alongside director Lee Strasberg and actress Stella Adler. He continued developing his approach over the next fifty years while working with actors as head of the acting program at New York City's Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre as well as while training actors in his private classes outside the Neighborhood Playhouse. During his lifetime he continued working toward a refinement in his ideas toward acting and in his approach to training actors, dropping some exercises he considered to be less effective along the way, while adding new ones he created to help solve the actor's problems in learning the craft.


title: Meisner technique

text: In 1935, Sanford Meisner, one of the founding members of The Group Theatre (along with Stella Adler, Bobby Lewis, Harold Clurman, and Lee Strasberg), joined the faculty of The Neighborhood Playhouse. Over the years, he developed and refined what is now known as the Meisner Technique, a step-by-step procedure of self-investigation for the actor now globally recognized and among the foremost of modern acting techniques.


title: Meisner technique

text: Meisner believed that the study of the actor's craft was rooted in acquiring a solid organic acting technique. It was a cornerstone of his teaching that this learning process occur not in a theoretical, abstract manner, but in the practical give and take of the classroom, where as he once said, "the students struggled to learn what I struggled to teach." Through that struggle the gifted student, over time gradually begins to emerge solidly in his or her work.


title: Meisner technique

text: In 1980, a group of his alumni got together to preserve his teachings for future generations. Sydney Pollack directed a master class taught by Sanford Meisner. It was transferred to digital film in 2006.


title: Meisner technique

text: The Neighborhood Playhouse had originally been founded as an off-Broadway theatre by philanthropists Alice Lewisohn and Irene Lewisohn in 1915, but closed in 1927. The following year, it re-opened as The Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre with the addition of Rita Wallach Morgenthau. In 1935, Sanford Meisner, one of the founding members of The Group Theatre (along with Stella Adler, Bobby Lewis, Harold Clurman, and Lee Strasberg), joined the faculty of The Neighborhood Playhouse. Over the years, he developed and refined what is now known as the Meisner Technique. On October 18, 2018, the New York City Council officially recognized The Playhouse's 90th anniversary and Meisner's contributions to the school with an official Proclamation.


title: Meisner technique

text: The William Esper Studio was founded in 1965 as a school for the performing arts in Manhattan, New York. Its founder, William "Bill" Esper (1932—2019), is often referred to as the best-known of Meisner's first generation teachers, and his most "authentic protege".


title: Run All Night (film)

text: Run All Night is a 2015 American action thriller film directed by Jaume Collet-Serra and written by Brad Ingelsby. The film stars Liam Neeson, Joel Kinnaman, Common, and Ed Harris and follows an ex-Irish Mob hitman who goes on the run with his estranged adult son after he is forced to kill the son of a mobster boss. It also marks the third collaboration between Liam Neeson and Jaume Collet-Serra after "Unknown" and "Non-Stop".


title: Run All Night (film)

text: It was released in the United States on March 13, 2015, received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $71.6 million worldwide.


title: Run All Night (film)

text: Haunted by his past, ex-Irish Mob hitman Jimmy "The Gravedigger" Conlon has become an angry drunk. His son Michael 'Mike' Conlon, a chauffeur and retired professional boxer who mentors at-risk kids at the local gym, is disgusted by his father's actions and refuses to call him "Dad" or involve him in the lives of his daughters.


title: Run All Night (film)

text: Jimmy's old boss and closest friend, Shawn Maguire, rejects an offer to allow the sale of Albanian heroin in his territory. The Albanians demand that Danny, Shawn's son, who took a large fee to arrange the deal, return their money now. Mike drives the two Albanian creditors to Danny's house. But Danny and his friend double cross and shoot the Albanians, one of whom is shot dead by Danny outside. This is witnessed by Mike and his mentee boxer, Legs, who captures the shooting on his phone. Danny spots Mike and attempts to kill him but he escapes. Danny does not notice Legs.


title: Run All Night (film)

text: Jimmy requests Mike, at Shawn's behest, not to expose Danny but Mike refuses. As he is leaving, Jimmy spots Danny's car and goes inside to find him about to shoot Mike. Jimmy shoots Danny then calls Shawn to inform him of his son's death. Shawn sends two corrupt NYPD officers to pick up Mike and kill him, but Jimmy rescues him and shoots one of the corrupt cops before taking Mike to his family. Before they can get on the subway, Jimmy and Frank fight in a washroom until Jimmy strangles Frank with a towel.


title: Run All Night (film)

text: Jimmy meets Shawn and tells him that it was Danny who was about to kill Mike, and that he might have to speak to the NYPD about his criminal past. Shawn says that the cops care nothing for Jimmy's information, and tells Jimmy he will kill Mike and his family in revenge, then let Jimmy die.


title: Run All Night (film)

text: Jimmy sends Mike's family to a remote cabin and takes Mike with him to retrieve proof of his innocence, but Andrew Price, an assassin contracted by Shawn, intercepts them first. Jimmy is able to subdue him, but is wounded in the fight. Jimmy later contacts Detective Harding, a cop who has not been able to prove Jimmy's role in a long list of homicides. Harding says that witnesses claim Mike was the shooter and not Danny. Jimmy makes a deal with Harding, he will prove Mike is innocent and then turn himself in with a list of all the people he murdered in his mob career.


title: Run All Night (film)

text: The two hide at the house of Jimmy's brother Eddie. An incensed Eddie reveals that Jimmy is loyal only to Shawn — he once killed his own cousin to prevent him testifying against Shawn and will do the same to Mike. Disgusted and unwilling to trust his father, Mike returns to his family. Seeking to end the blood feud, Jimmy attacks Shawn's hideout and kills him and his gang. At the same time, Legs visits Harding with the video of the murder of the second Albanian and Harding has the ballistics on Danny's gun checked to confirm the video.


title: Run All Night (film)

text: Mike arrives at the cabin and alerts the police to his location. Jimmy soon arrives, and Mike finally introduces him to his grandchildren. Price arrives and attacks the cabin, shooting Jimmy and then hunting down Mike and his family. Mike is cornered by Price, but Jimmy kills him. The police arrive and confirm Legs' evidence has cleared Mike just as Jimmy dies, holding the list of his past victims for Harding as promised.


title: Run All Night (film)

text: In the epilogue, Mike is back working as a boxing trainer and chauffeur and living happily with his wife and daughters. He looks wistfully at a photo of himself and Jimmy from long ago before heading to work.


title: Run All Night (film)

text: In January 2012, Warner Bros. acquired Brad Ingelsby's script "The All-Nighter" for a six-figure sum. During the following November, Liam Neeson entered negotiations to star in the film and became a lock in January 2013. At this time, director Jaume Collet-Serra became attached to the film and the title was changed to "Run All Night".


title: Run All Night (film)

text: The musical score for "Run All Night" was composed by Junkie XL. Discussing the leitmotifs, Junkie XL said, "I thought it was much more interesting to look at this movie from an emotional point of view instead of from an actioner point of view." The score was recorded at the Eastwood Scoring Stage at Warner Bros. Studios, featuring a 70-piece string orchestra and a large low brass ensemble. A soundtrack album was released on March 10, 2015 through WaterTower Music.


title: Run All Night (film)

text: "Run All Night" grossed $26.5 million in the United States and Canada, and $45.1 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $71.56 million, against a budget of $50 million.


title: Run All Night (film)

text: In its opening weekend, the film grossed $11 million from 3,171 theaters, finishing second at the box office behind "Cinderella" ($70.1 million). The audience was 52% female (considered high for an all-male cast action film) and 86% over the age of 25. It fell 54.3% to $5 million in its second weekend, finishing third.


title: Run All Night (film)

text: On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 59% based on 184 reviews, with an average of 5.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Liam Neeson is in typically fine form, but "Run All Night" suffers from a convoluted plot and workmanlike execution." On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a weighted average score of 59 out of 100, based on 34 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore, gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.


title: Joan Sims

text: Irene Joan Marion Sims (9 May 1930 – 27 June 2001) was an English actress, best remembered for her roles in the "Carry On" franchise, appearing in 24 of the films (the most for any actress).


title: Joan Sims

text: On television, she is known for playing Gran in "Till Death Us Do Part" (1967–1975), Madge Kettlewell in "Sykes" (1972–1978), Mrs Wembley, the cook with a liking for sherry, in "On the Up" (1990–1992), and Madge Hardcastle in "As Time Goes By" (1994–1998).


title: Joan Sims

text: Sims was born on 9 May 1930, the only child of John Henry Sims (1888-1964), Station Master of Laindon railway station in Essex, and his wife Gladys Marie Sims, "née" Ladbrook (1896-1981). Sims's early interest in being an actress came from living at the railway station. She would often put on performances for waiting passengers. She decided that she wanted to pursue show business during her teens, and soon became a familiar face in a growing number of amateur productions locally. One of her first stage appearances was as Miranda Bute in the Langdon Players production of Esther McCracken's comedy "Quiet Wedding" in May 1946.


title: Joan Sims

text: In 1946, Sims first applied to RADA, but her audition was unsuccessful. Her first audition included a rendition of Winnie the Pooh. She did succeed in being admitted to PARADA, the academy's preparatory school, and finally, on her fourth attempt, she graduated and was trained at RADA. She graduated from RADA in 1950 at the age of 19. One of her first stage performances was in the 1951 pantomime, "The Happy Ha'penny", opposite Stanley Baxter at Glasgow's Citizens Theatre.


title: Joan Sims

text: During 1963, Sims made several recordings. "Hurry Up Gran" / "Oh Not Again Ken" was issued as a single, followed by "Spring Song" / "Men". Both were produced by George Martin for the Parlophone label but neither single made an impact on the UK Singles Chart. This did not deter her from releasing a third and final single during 1967, "Sweet Lovely Whatsisname" / "The Lass With the Delicate Hair". Again it failed to chart, and as a result the singles are now quite rare. As of 2009, both "Spring Song" and "Men" are available for the first time through iTunes and other download services, as well as on CD as part of re-issues of the comedy compilation albums "Oh! What a Carry On!" and "Laugh A Minute". Sims also featured on an original cast recording of "The Lord Chamberlain Regrets" in 1961, as well as "The Water Gypsies".


title: Joan Sims

text: Sims, like her fellow "Carry On" star Kenneth Williams, never married. Williams, who was homosexual, did, however, propose a marriage of convenience to her, which she promptly declined. From 1958, she lived for three years with fellow actor Tony Baird but, every time her parents visited, she asked Baird to remove all of his belongings from their London flat.


title: Joan Sims

text: After she told her mother on a visit that she was living with Baird, her father wrote her a stern letter, condemning the relationship. Sims replied, telling her parents that they had to come to terms with Tony being an extremely important part of her life. For the next six months she had no contact with her parents. Sims was a devoted daughter and found the separation from her parents difficult.


title: Joan Sims

text: The relationship with Baird began to founder, Sims said, due to her success and Tony Baird's failure as an actor. Sims writes Had house husbands been in vogue in those days we'd have made an excellent couple, since Tony was not very successful as an actor and I soon became the main breadwinner. If we had been able to accept that I would go out and earn the money and he would concentrate on running the home, things might have turned out better... For three years I was besotted with this loveable reprobate, but then the icing on the cake began to chip off and the love started to wear thin. I was virtually keeping him and the friction of the situation was getting harder to bear. Of the break-up, which was finally triggered by Sims returning from a tour to find Baird had not done any washing or housework, she wrote "I could tell that he was genuinely heartbroken, and so was I, but I had to do it for my own survival."


title: Joan Sims

text: Following this came a relationship with John Walters whom Sims had known for a long time. He had been assistant stage manager for the play "High Spirits", in which she appeared. They had had an 'innocent' romance at the time, but they embarked on a more serious relationship after Sims's break-up with Baird. However, Sims never felt it would be a long-term relationship: John was a much moodier character than Tony. During what she described as the 'one broody phase of my life', they discussed marriage and children, but it came to nothing and the relationship, the last serious one of Sims's life, ended after around two years of living together.


title: Joan Sims

text: "I never married because the right person never came along... I leave others to seek for darker explanations. For me it's extremely simple!"


title: Joan Sims

text: Sims had depression for many of her later years. This was worsened by the deaths of her agent Peter Eade, her best friend Hattie Jacques and her mother, all within a two-year period, after which she fell into alcoholism. Sims suffered from Bell's palsy in 1999 and fractured her hip in 2000, but recovered well. However, her alcoholism was beginning to dominate life in her rented Kensington flat, and she described herself as "the queen of puddings". After assessment by a doctor, she was offered a place in a rehabilitation centre, but declined.


title: Joan Sims

text: The tone of Sims's 2000 autobiography "High Spirits" is revealing (though not sensationalist), frank and sometimes mordant:


title: Joan Sims

text: "High Spirits" concluded with Sims in reflective and rueful mood. Having been disappointed to miss out on the part in a BBC adaptation of "Vanity Fair", she is somewhat crestfallen to discover that there are only two entries on her 'Trivia' page on imdb.com. It ends:


title: Joan Sims

text: Sims was diagnosed with diverticular disease in 1997 and she was admitted to hospital in November 2000, and complications of a routine operation caused her to slip into a coma. Her lifelong friend and stand-in, Norah Holland spoke of the doctors' amazement at her strength and courage throughout her final illness.


title: Joan Sims

text: On 27 June 2001, ten minutes before she died, Holland spoke to her gently about Kenneth Williams, Hattie Jacques and their time on the "Carry On" films. Sims died from liver failure and diverticulitis, with diabetes and COPD cited as contributory factors. She was cremated at Putney Vale Crematorium, and her ashes scattered in the grounds there.


title: Joan Sims

text: Sims was played by Chrissie Cotterill in the 2000 television film, "Cor, Blimey!", an adaptation of Terry Johnson's play "Cleo, Camping, Emmanuelle and Dick", and by Beatie Edney in the 2006 television film ""


title: Joe Aribo

text: Joseph Oluwaseyi Temitope Ayodele-Aribo (born 21 July 1996) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Premier League club Southampton and the Nigeria national team.


title: Joe Aribo

text: He began his club career at Staines Town then spent four years with Charlton Athletic in the English Football League. In 2019 he signed for Rangers, where he won the Scottish Premiership in 2021 and the Scottish Cup a year later.


title: Joe Aribo

text: Born and raised in London, Aribo plays for the Nigeria national team, being eligible due to his heritage. He gained his first cap in 2019 and was part of their squad for the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations.


title: Joe Aribo

text: Aribo played for Staines Town under Marcus Gayle in the Isthmian League Premier Division, winning the club's academy player of the year award in April 2014.


title: Joe Aribo

text: Aribo joined Charlton Athletic in September 2015 following a successful trial, and signed a one-year contract in May 2016. He made his first-team debut as a 62nd-minute substitute for Andrew Crofts in a 2–0 defeat to Crawley Town in an EFL Trophy group stage match at The Valley on 16 October 2016. His EFL League One debut came on 17 December in a 2–0 home loss to Peterborough United as a 70th-minute replacement for Fredrik Ulvestad, and six days later he extended his contract until 2019.


title: Joe Aribo

text: Aribo scored his first career goal on 1 November 2017, the winner in a 3–2 home win over Fulham under-21 in the EFL Trophy group stage. His first league goal on 23 December opened a 1–1 draw with Blackpool at The Valley; he netted four more goals over the season to help the Addicks to sixth place and the playoffs, including two on 2 April 2018 in a 3–1 win against Rotherham United.


title: Joe Aribo

text: Aribo scored in each of the last three games of 2018–19 as Charlton came third, contributing to wins over Scunthorpe United, Gillingham and Rochdale. On 12 May, he then netted in a 2–1 win away to Doncaster Rovers in the first leg of the playoff semi-finals, as his team eventually were promoted.


title: Joe Aribo

text: Aribo was offered a new contract by Charlton at the end of the 2018–19 season, but he instead opted to sign a four-year deal with Scottish Premiership club Rangers. He made his competitive debut for the club on 9 July 2019 in a 4–0 win over St Joseph's of Gibraltar in the Europa League; eight days later in the second leg he scored his first goal to open a 6–0 win at Ibrox. On 25 September, he suffered a head wound from Livingston's Ricki Lamie and was taken off after 20 minutes, receiving 20 stitches and being ruled out for a month; on his return to Almondvale he scored his first league goal in a 2–0 win on 10 November.


title: Joe Aribo

text: Aribo contributed seven goals to Rangers' 2020–21 title-winning season, including two in an 8–0 win over Hamilton Academical on 8 November. In May, he was singled out for praise by manager Steven Gerrard for playing as an emergency left-back due to Borna Barišić's absence in a 3–0 win at Livingston: "That left-back performance is as good as we have seen in my three years that I have been here. So well done to him for parking his ego and doing a fantastic job for his teammates".


title: Joe Aribo

text: In 2021–22, Aribo played 17 Europa League games as Rangers finished runners-up, and he opened the scoring in the 1–1 final draw against Eintracht Frankfurt on 18 May before defeat on penalties. In all competitions, he played 57 games, scored nine goals and assisted 10.


title: Joe Aribo

text: On 9 July 2022, Aribo joined Southampton and signed a four-year contract. On 6 August 2022, Aribo made his Premier League debut in Southampton’s 4–1 defeat to Tottenham Hotspur. A week later, Aribo scored his first goal for Southampton in their 2–2 draw against Leeds United.


title: Joe Aribo

text: In August 2019, Aribo was called up by Nigeria manager Gernot Rohr for a friendly away to Ukraine. He made his debut in the game in Dnipro on 10 September, and scored in the fourth minute of the 2–2 draw. On 13 October, he scored the Green Eagles' goal in a friendly draw with Brazil in Singapore.


title: Joe Aribo

text: At the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations in Cameroon, Aribo played two group-stage wins and the 1–0 last-16 elimination by Tunisia.


title: Joe Aribo

text: Aribo is a versatile player who can play centrally or in a wide midfield role. Technically proficient, he is able to use his long legs to shield the ball from opponents effectively. Speaking in October 2016, he said that his strengths were "driving with the ball and getting up the pitch".


title: Magnus Maximus

text: Magnus Maximus (; ; died 8 August 388) was Roman emperor of the Western Roman Empire from 383 to 388. He usurped the throne from emperor Gratian in 383 through negotiation with emperor Theodosius I.


title: Magnus Maximus

text: He was made emperor in Britannia and Gaul the next year while Gratian's brother Valentinian II retained Italy, Pannonia, Hispania, and Africa. In 387, Maximus's ambitions led him to invade Italy, resulting in his defeat by Theodosius I at the Battle of Poetovio in 388. In the view of some historians, his death marked the end of direct imperial presence in Northern Gaul and Britain.


title: Magnus Maximus

text: Maximus was born in Gallaecia, on the estates of Count Theodosius (the Elder) of the Theodosian dynasty, to whom he claimed to be related. Maximus was a distinguished general; he was probably a junior officer in Britain in 368, during the quelling of the Great Conspiracy. He served under Count Theodosius in Africa in 373. Assigned to Britain in 380, he defeated an incursion of the Picts and Scots in 381.


title: Magnus Maximus

text: The Western emperor Gratian had received a number of Alans into his bodyguard, and was accused of showing favouritism towards these Iranian speaking foreigners at the expense of Roman citizens. In 383 the discontented Roman army proclaimed Maximus emperor in Gratian's place.


title: Magnus Maximus

text: Maximus went to Gaul to pursue his imperial ambitions, taking a large portion of the British garrison with him. After five days of skirmishing near Paris he defeated Gratian, who fled the battlefield and was killed at Lyon on 25 August 383. Continuing his campaign into Italy, Maximus was stopped from overthrowing Valentinian II, who was only twelve, when Bauto came with a powerful force to forestall him. Negotiations followed in 384, including the intervention of Ambrose, Bishop of Milan, leading to an accord with Valentinian II and Theodosius I in which Maximus was recognized as "Augustus" in the West.


title: Magnus Maximus

text: Maximus made his capital at Augusta Treverorum (Treves, Trier) in Gaul, and ruled Britain, Gaul, Spain and Africa. He issued coinage and a number of edicts reorganising Gaul's system of provinces. Some historians believe Maximus may have founded the office of the Comes Britanniarum as well. He became a popular emperor; Quintus Aurelius Symmachus delivered a panegyric on Maximus's virtues. He used "foederati" forces such as the Alamanni to great effect.


title: Magnus Maximus

text: Maximus was a stern persecutor of heretics. It was on his orders that Priscillian and six companions were executed for heresy, although the actual civil charges laid by Maximus were for the practice of magic. Prominent churchmen such as St. Ambrose and St. Martin of Tours protested against this involvement of the secular power in doctrinal matters, but the executions were carried out nonetheless. Maximus thereby not only established his credentials as an upholder of orthodoxy, but also strengthened his financial resources in the ensuing confiscations. The " Gallic Chronicle" of 452 describes the Priscillianists as "Manichaeans", a different Gnostic heresy already condemned in Roman law under Diocletian, and states that Magnus Maximus had them "caught and exterminated with the greatest zeal".


title: Magnus Maximus

text: Conversely, Maximus's edict of 387/388, which censured Christians at Rome for burning down a Jewish synagogue, was condemned by bishop Ambrose, who said people exclaimed, "the emperor has become a Jew".


title: Magnus Maximus

text: In 387, Maximus managed to force emperor Valentinian II out of Milan. Valentinian fled to Theodosius I, and the two subsequently invaded from the east; their armies, led by Richomeres and other generals, campaigned against Maximus in July–August 388. Maximus was defeated in the Battle of Poetovio, and retreated to Aquileia. Meanwhile, the Franks under Marcomer had taken the opportunity to invade northern Gaul, at the same time further weakening Maximus's position.


title: Magnus Maximus

text: Andragathius, "magister equitum" of Maximus and the killer of Emperor Gratian, was defeated near Siscia, while Maximus's brother, Marcellinus, fell in battle at Poetovio. Maximus surrendered in Aquileia, and although he pleaded for mercy was executed. The Senate passed a decree of "Damnatio memoriae" against him. However, his mother and at least two daughters were spared. Theodosius's trusted general Arbogast strangled Maximus's son, Victor, at Trier in the fall of the same year.


title: Magnus Maximus

text: It is not recorded what happened to Maximus's family after his downfall. He is known to have had a wife, who is recorded as having sought spiritual counsel from St. Martin of Tours during his time at Trier. Her ultimate fate, and even her name (but see the Welsh tradition below), have not been preserved in definitive historic records. The same is true of Maximus's mother and daughters, other than that they were spared by Theodosius I.


title: Magnus Maximus

text: One of Maximus's daughters may have been married to Ennodius, proconsul Africae (395). Ennodius's grandson was Petronius Maximus, another ill-fated emperor, who ruled in Rome for only 77 days before he was stoned to death while fleeing from the Vandals on 24 May 455. Other descendants of Ennodius, and thus possibly of Maximus, included Anicius Olybrius, emperor in 472, but also several consuls and bishops such as St. Magnus Felix Ennodius (Bishop of Pavia -21). We also encounter an otherwise unrecorded daughter of Magnus Maximus, Sevira, on the Pillar of Eliseg, an early medieval inscribed stone in Wales which claims her marriage to Vortigern, king of the Britons.


title: Magnus Maximus

text: Maximus's bid for imperial power in 383 coincides with the last date for any evidence of a Roman military presence in Britain, the western Pennines, and the fortress of Deva. Coins dated later than 383 have been found in excavations along Hadrian's Wall, suggesting that troops were not entirely stripped from it, as was once thought. In the "De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae" written , Gildas says that Maximus "deprived" Britain not only of its Roman troops, but also of its "armed bands...governors and of the flower of her youth", never to return.


title: Magnus Maximus

text: Having left with the troops and senior administrators, and planning to continue as the ruler of Britain in the future, his practical course was to transfer local authority to local rulers. Welsh legend supports that this happened, with stories such as "Breuddwyd Macsen Wledig" (English: The Dream of Emperor Maximus), where he not only marries a wondrous British woman (thus making British descendants probable), but also gives her father sovereignty over Britain (thus formally transferring authority from Rome back to the Britons themselves).


title: Magnus Maximus

text: The earliest Welsh genealogies give Maximus (referred to as "Macsen/Maxen Wledig", or "Emperor Maximus") the role of founding father of the dynasties of several medieval Welsh kingdoms, including those of Powys and Gwent. He is given as the ancestor of a Welsh king on the Pillar of Eliseg, erected nearly 500 years after he left Britain, and he figures in lists of the Fifteen Tribes of Wales.


title: Magnus Maximus

text: After he became emperor of the West, Maximus returned to Britain to campaign against the Picts and Scots (i.e., Irish), probably in support of Rome's long-standing allies the Damnonii, Votadini, and Novantae (all located in modern Scotland). While there he likely made similar arrangements for a formal transfer of authority to local chiefs—the later rulers of Galloway, home to the Novantae, claimed Maximus as the founder of their line, the same as did the Welsh kings.


title: Magnus Maximus

text: The ninth century "Historia Brittonum" gives another account of Maximus and assigns him an important role:


title: Magnus Maximus

text: Modern historians believe that this idea of mass British troop settlement in Brittany by Maximus may very well reflect some reality, as it accords with archaeological and other historical evidence and later Breton traditions.


title: Magnus Maximus

text: Armorica declared independence from the Roman Empire in 407 CE, but contributed archers for Aetius's defence against Attila the Hun, and its king Riothamus was subsequently mentioned in contemporary documents as an ally of Rome's against the Goths. Despite its continued usage of two distinct languages, Breton and Gallo, and extensive invasions and conquests by Franks and Vikings, Armorica retained considerable cultural cohesion into the 13th century.


title: Magnus Maximus

text: Maximus also established a military base in his native Gallaecia, i.e., Galicia (Spain), which persisted as a cultural entity despite occupation by the Suebi in 409, see Kingdom of Galicia.


title: Magnus Maximus

text: Aetius sent large numbers of Alans to both Armorica and Galicia following the defeat of Attila at the Battle of the Catalunian Plains. The Alans evidently assimilated quickly into the local Celtic cultures, contributing their own legends, e.g., to the Arthurian Cycle of romances.


title: Magnus Maximus

text: Legendary versions of Maximus's career in which he marries the Welsh princess Elen may have circulated in popular tradition in Welsh-speaking areas from an early date. Although the story of Helen and Maximus's meeting is almost certainly fictional, there is some evidence for the basic claims. He is certainly given a prominent place in the earliest version of the Welsh Triads which are believed to date from and which reflect older traditions in some cases. Welsh poetry also frequently refers to Macsen as a figure of comparison with later Welsh leaders. These legends come down to us in two separate versions.


title: Magnus Maximus

text: According to Geoffrey of Monmouth's fictional "Historia Regum Britanniae" (), the basis for many English and Welsh legends, Maximianus, as he calls him, was a Roman senator, a nephew of Coel Hen through Coel's brother Ioelinus, and king of the Britons following the death of Octavius (Eudaf Hen). Geoffrey writes this came about because Octavius wanted to wed his daughter to just such a powerful half-Roman-half-Briton and to give the kingship of Britain, as a dowry, to that husband, so he sent a message to Rome offering his daughter to Maximian.