text: The first major case of this type was the 1976 case "Open America v. Watergate Special Prosecution Force", in which Open America had filed a FOIA request with the U.S. Attorney General and the FBI requesting copies of all their documents relating to the role of former FBI Director L. Patrick Gray in the Watergate scandal. The FBI had over 5,000 pending FOIA requests at the time, and did not respond within the statutory 20-day limit. Open America sued in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, and the court issued an order commanding the FBI to either immediately comply with or deny Open America's request. The government appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, which found that FOIA requests could be categorized into "simple" and "difficult" requests, and that although Open America's request was "difficult", the FBI had been using "due diligence" in responding to it. The court held that because there was no pressing urgency to Open America's request, its lawsuit did not move it to the head of the queue, and it would have to wait its turn. This legal reasoning and holding has been adopted by all other American circuits, though courts continue to complain that FOIA request delays are too long. In the 1983 case "McGehee v. CIA" the District of Columbia Circuit Court of Appeals stated,


title: Freedom of Information Act (United States)

text: The Center for Effective Government analyzed 15 federal agencies which receive the most FOIA requests in-depth. The organization used a scale considering 3 factors: the clarity of agency rules regarding FOIA requests, quality or 'friendliness' of an agency's FOIA webpage, and the timely, complete manner of processing requests. With this metric, it concluded that federal agencies are struggling to implement public disclosure rules. In the latest analysis published in 2015 (using 2012 and 2013 data, the most recent years available) ten of the 15 did not earn satisfactory overall grades, scoring less than 70 out of a possible 100 points. Eight of the ten earned Ds, including the Department of Homeland Security (69 percent), Department of Transportation (68 percent), United States Department of the Treasury (Treasury) (68 percent), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (67 percent), the United States Department of Labor (63 percent), the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (64 percent), the United States Department of Defense (61 percent), the Securities and Exchange Commission (61 percent). The Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of State earned an F. The State Department's score (37 percent) was dismal due to its extremely low processing score of 23 percent, which was completely out of line with any other agency's performance. Scores of five agencies, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the Department of Health and Human Services, the SEC, the DOJ, and the EPA, even decreased marginally.


text: Starting in 2012, the Federal government job title Government Information Specialist was established for professionals focused on FOIA or privacy matters. Agencies sometimes track or process FOIA requests on websites or systems shared across organizations, such as FOIAonline and eFOIA.


title: Ryan Ross

text: George Ryan Ross III (born August 30, 1986) is an American musician, singer, and songwriter best known for his work as the lead guitarist and primary songwriter of the band Panic! at the Disco before his departure in 2009. Ross and former Panic! bassist Jon Walker formed The Young Veins the same year, in which Ross was the lead vocalist. They broke up in 2010.


title: Ryan Ross

text: Born in Las Vegas, Nevada, Ross received a guitar for Christmas when he was 12, and began collaborating with best friend Spencer Smith who received a drum kit. Ross and Smith mostly covered Blink-182 songs with Ross on vocals. Their two-piece band was originally called Pet Salamander. Ross wrote lyrics to his first song when he was 14 years old.


title: Ryan Ross

text: They teamed up with Brent Wilson and another boy named Trevor Howell on guitar to make "Summer League" before they met Brendon Urie and formed Panic! at the Disco.


title: Ryan Ross

text: Ross and Spencer Smith formed Panic! at the Disco in 2004, later joined by Brent Wilson and Brendon Urie. The band's debut album, "A Fever You Can't Sweat Out" was recorded between the time frame of June to September 2005 and was released on September 27, 2005.


title: Ryan Ross

text: With much success and touring of their debut album, the band went back into the studio in October 2007 to record what has come to be the band's second studio album, "Pretty. Odd.", which was released on March 25, 2008; the sound greatly differed to the band's debut album. This was the last studio album Ross has contributed to with Panic!, though he was given a writing credit on "Nearly Witches (Ever Since We Met...)," from the band's third studio album, "Vices & Virtues," as the song's origins date back to before the departure of Ross and Walker from the band.


title: Ryan Ross

text: On July 13, 2009, Ross spoke with MTV about his split from the Panic! at the Disco. He stated that "the split had been in the cards for sometime now. It just took everyone a while to realize it". Ross told MTV that he and the remaining members of Panic! at the Disco are still good friends and had recently spoken over the Fourth of July weekend. Ross spoke about his and Walker's upcoming project as well. "He and Walker are writing and recording songs (with "Pretty. Odd." producer Rob Mathes) at a lightning-quick pace, and they'll soon be revealing the fruits of their labor". Since then, their new band called The Young Veins has released their song "Change" onto the Internet.


title: Ryan Ross

text: On July 15, 2009, Ross told MTV that the new sound he and Walker are working on is, "They're more, uh, I wouldn't want to say 'heavy,' but I guess I would have to, in the sense of, like, early garage music and Kinks and stuff. The songs are shorter and faster, and I guess they're more rock and roll than flowery stuff". He talked about how there is probably not going to be any orchestration on the album, unlike "Pretty. Odd.", which was loaded with orchestration. He and Walker are also recording with the help of Alex Greenwald from Phantom Planet along with Panic!'s former touring keyboard player, Eric Ronick. According to Ross, he and Walker are trying to release their new single tentatively titled, "Change". However, Ross is contractually bound to Fueled by Ramen to provide new music whereas Walker is not. He wants to be released from his contract with Fueled by Ramen "because it doesn't seem like it's going to be the right place for this stuff, and I think everybody knows that, on both sides, [FBR President] John Janick included. It's just been taking some time to get worked out."


title: Ryan Ross

text: On October 16, Ross had an interview with MTV saying that their first record, "Take a Vacation!", is done, and they are working to find a record company willing to release it.


title: Ryan Ross

text: The Young Veins were signed to One Haven Music and their debut was released on June 8, 2010. On December 10, 2010, The Young Veins entered on a hiatus period.


title: Ryan Ross

text: In 2013, Ross released a two-track untitled demo EP as well as a couple of other songs through his official SoundCloud page. The description of the page says: "Thanks for waiting. I'm back now."


title: Ryan Ross

text: In 2018, Ross collaborated with Z Berg on the Christmas single "The Bad List". In an interview with "Alternative Press" regarding the single, Ross stated that he "...will be in the studio recording songs for his next solo release over the next few weeks and into [2019].".


title: Ryan Ross

text: Ross appeared along with former bandmates Brendon Urie, Spencer Smith, and Jon Walker in the Gym Class Heroes music video for the song "Clothes Off!!". He also appears with them in The Cab's music video for "One of THOSE Nights", along with Fall Out Boy members Patrick Stump and Pete Wentz.


title: Ryan Ross

text: In 2011, Ross was credited as a composer on ex-band Panic! at the Disco album "Vices & Virtues" for the track "Nearly Witches (Ever Since We Met...)", a song that was originally created while Ross and Walker were still in the band. He also recorded a song titled "Superbowl Hero" with Alex Greenwald and Michael Runion under a new band, RAM (Ryan, Alex, Michael).


title: Ryan Ross

text: Ross also provided backing vocals for "Stuck In Love", a song from William Beckett's solo EP "What Will Be" in autumn 2012.


title: Bob Paisley

text: Robert Paisley OBE (23 January 1919 – 14 February 1996) was an English professional football manager and player who played as a wing-half. He spent almost 50 years with Liverpool and is regarded, due to his achievements with the club, as one of the greatest managers of all time. Reluctantly taking the job in 1974, he built on the foundations laid by his predecessor Bill Shankly. Paisley is the first of three managers to have won the European Cup three times. He is also one of five managers to have won the English top-flight championship as both a player and manager at the same club.


title: Bob Paisley

text: Paisley came from a small County Durham mining community and, in his youth, played for Bishop Auckland before he signed for Liverpool in 1939. During the Second World War he served in the British Army, and could not make his Liverpool debut until 1946. In the 1946–47 season he was a member of the Liverpool team that won the First Division title for the first time in 24 years. He was made club captain in 1951, and remained with Liverpool until he retired from playing in 1954.


title: Bob Paisley

text: He stayed with the club, and took on the two roles of reserve team coach and club physiotherapist. By this time Liverpool had been relegated to the Second Division and its facilities were in decline. Shankly was appointed Liverpool manager in December 1959, and he promoted Paisley to work alongside him as his assistant in a management/coaching team that included Joe Fagan and Reuben Bennett. Under their leadership, the fortunes of Liverpool turned around dramatically and, in the 1961–62 season, the team gained promotion back to the First Division. Paisley filled an important role as tactician under Shankly's leadership, and the team won numerous honours during the next twelve seasons.


title: Bob Paisley

text: In 1974, Shankly retired as manager and, despite Paisley's own initial reluctance, he was appointed as Shankly's successor. He went on to lead Liverpool through a period of domestic and European dominance, winning twenty honours in nine seasons: six League Championships, three League Cups, six Charity Shields, three European Cups, one UEFA Cup and one UEFA Super Cup. He won honours at a rate of 2.2 per season, a rate surpassed only by Pep Guardiola. At the time of his retirement he had won the Manager of the Year Award a record six times. He retired from management in 1983 and was succeeded by Joe Fagan. He died in 1996, aged 77, after having Alzheimer's disease for several years.


title: Bob Paisley

text: Bob Paisley was born on Thursday 23 January 1919, in the small County Durham coal mining village of Hetton-le-Hole which is seven miles from Sunderland. Paisley described it as "a close-knit community where coal was king and football was religion". His father Sam was a miner and his mother Emily a housewife. They had four sons: Willie, Bob, Hugh and Alan in age order. On the day Paisley was born, 150,000 miners nationwide went on strike for a shorter working week. Paisley attended a local school until he was thirteen and, like his friends there, had to rely on soup kitchens to supplement a meagre diet. In 1926, during the General Strike when he was seven, he had to scramble over slag heaps to collect coal dust that his parents could mix with water to create a crude fuel. Life was difficult for working-class families and, as Paisley recalled: "We lived in a small terraced house, and although we never went short of life's essentials, there was never much money left over by the end of the week".


title: Bob Paisley

text: Paisley was an outstanding footballer at Eppleton Primary School and helped his team win seventeen trophies in a four-year period. Throughout his playing career, he was a left half. After leaving school at the age of 14, Paisley initially worked alongside his father at the pit and was there when his father had an underground accident which rendered him unable to work for five years. The mine was closed down and he trained to become a bricklayer.


title: Bob Paisley

text: Paisley had joined Hetton Football Club after leaving school in 1933 and continued to attract notice as a member of their junior team. He had a boyhood dream of playing for Sunderland but when he was recommended to them by Hetton he was rejected as being "too small". Instead, he signed for Bishop Auckland before the 1937–38 season for three shillings and sixpence per match.


title: Bob Paisley

text: Paisley played for "the Bishops" for two seasons until he was signed by Liverpool in May 1939, a few months after his twentieth birthday. The Bishops were one of the top non-league teams in England and Paisley called them "the Kings of Amateur Football". In Paisley's second season with them, they achieved a treble by winning the Northern League championship, the FA Amateur Cup and the Durham County Challenge Cup. The FA Amateur Cup final was played in Durham at Roker Park where the Bishops defeated Willington 3–0 after extra time. During the season, Paisley was approached by Liverpool manager George Kay and promised that he would sign for Liverpool at the end of the season. He kept his promise even though Sunderland reconsidered and made another approach.


title: Bob Paisley

text: Paisley's last match for the Bishops was on Saturday, 6 May 1939 in the Durham County Challenge Cup final against South Shields, also played at Roker Park. The following Monday, Paisley travelled by train to Liverpool where he was met at Exchange station by Andy McGuigan who accompanied him to Anfield. He signed his contract and began an association that would last half a century. His signing on fee was £25 and his wages were £8 a week in the season and £6 a week during the summer. He recalled: "I was full of beans that day, but it was very quiet really. I was met at the station and after that long trek up Scotland Road in a tramcar, I found there were only one or two youngsters at the ground – Billy Liddell, Eddie Spicer and Ray Lambert. The rest had been recruited for the territorials".


title: Bob Paisley

text: Following pre-season training, Paisley took part in two reserve team games at the start of the 1939–40 season but all competitions were cancelled after war was declared on 3 September. Paisley had got to know Matt Busby, who was then Liverpool's club captain and was grateful for the advice and encouragement which Busby gave him. Paisley said that Busby was "a man you could look up to and respect".


title: Bob Paisley

text: On 8 September 1939, the British Government advised The Football Association (the FA) that clubs could stage friendly matches outside evacuation areas and Liverpool were able to take part in such matches, constrained by unavailability of players in the services, throughout the war. Liverpool's first wartime friendly was at Sealand Road against Chester on 16 September. Paisley took part in 34 of these matches between 1939 and 1941, scoring ten goals.


title: Bob Paisley

text: Paisley was twenty when the Second World War began and in October he was called up into the Army who assigned him to the Royal Artillery in which he was a gunner in the 73rd Medium Regiment. This regiment was a war-formed battery unit utilising medium range artillery (field guns) that saw service in the United Kingdom until August 1941, North Africa until 1944 and finally Italy until 1945.


title: Bob Paisley

text: Paisley was stationed at several camps throughout Great Britain including one at Rhyl. For a long time, he was stationed at a camp near Tarporley in Cheshire which was about thirty miles from Anfield. Stan Liversedge describes one occasion when Paisley was given clearance by the Army to play for Liverpool against Everton in the 1940 Liverpool Senior Cup final. To get there, he had to use his bicycle and cycle nearly the whole way. He left the bike in Birkenhead and hitched a lift through the Mersey Tunnel. After the match, he had to do the same journey in reverse to return to camp. Although it was a relatively unimportant match of local interest only, Paisley recalled that "an estimated 30,000 turned up". Everton, the reigning league champions, won the match 4–2. That was Paisley's first encounter with Everton. He got his revenge soon afterwards on 1 April 1940 when he played alongside Matt Busby and Billy Liddell in a depleted Liverpool team who "sprang a surprise" by defeating Everton 3–1 at Goodison Park.


title: Bob Paisley

text: John Keith recounts that Paisley's football skills saved him from a posting to the Far East which would inevitably have resulted in his becoming a prisoner of war of the Japanese. He was captain of the 73rd's team and, when his battery was due to be posted, his commanding officer transferred him to another battery so that he could remain in Britain and lead the regimental team. His old unit was subsequently overrun by the Japanese.


title: Bob Paisley

text: At the end of August 1941, on the bank holiday, Paisley was posted overseas and did not return to England until 1945. He went in a troopship to Egypt, the voyage lasting ten weeks because they had to sail around South Africa. He spent Christmas in Egypt and then received his first mail from England which turned out to be a postcard from George Kay asking him if he would be available to play for Liverpool against Preston North End (Bill Shankly's team) in the season opener three months earlier. While he was in Egypt, Paisley became interested in horse racing through friendship with jockey Reg Stretton and trainer Frank Carr. Paisley learned to ride himself and he retained this interest after the war, often studying form in his spare moments.


title: Bob Paisley

text: He was stationed south of Cairo and learned to drive a 15 cwt. truck. More importantly, he had a month's training on firing anti-tank guns, a skill he needed in the desert as a member of the Eighth Army in Operation Crusader which relieved the Siege of Tobruk. During periods of leave from the conflict, Paisley returned to Cairo where he was mostly involved in team sports, not only football but also cricket and hockey. He represented the Combined Services football team as well as playing for his regiment. Paisley was involved in the Second Battle of El Alamein and subsequently fought his way across North Africa until the final defeat of the Afrika Korps in 1943. He only suffered an injury once when he was temporarily blinded by sand sprayed into his face by explosive bullets fired from an aircraft during a Luftwaffe attack on his unit.


title: Bob Paisley

text: In 1943, Paisley went with the Eighth Army into Sicily and then into Italy. Whilst he was on active service in Italy he received the news that his younger brother Alan, aged fifteen, had died at home from scarlet fever and diphtheria. In June 1944, Paisley took part in the liberation of Rome and rode into the city on top of a tank, an event he recalled 33 years later when Liverpool won the 1977 European Cup Final in Rome's Stadio Olimpico. Paisley's regiment moved on to Florence where they encamped at ACF Fiorentina's Stadio Artemio Franchi. In Florence, Paisley saw boxing exhibitions by Joe Louis and Sugar Ray Robinson which generated another sporting interest and one for which he and Bill Shankly shared a passion while they worked together.


title: Bob Paisley

text: Paisley finally returned to England in 1945 and was stationed at Woolwich Arsenal until he was demobbed. Shortly before that, he met his future wife Jessie, a schoolteacher, on a train at Maghull. She recalled her father being unimpressed that she had met a soldier who was a professional footballer in civilian life so she added that Paisley had worked as a bricklayer too. Her father said: "Oh, that's a proper job so that's alright then". On 17 July 1946, Bob and Jessie were married in Liverpool at All Souls Church, Springwood. They raised a family of two sons and one daughter: Robert, Graham and Christine. The family always lived in Liverpool and Jessie outlived Bob by sixteen years until she died in the early hours of 8 February 2012 as the result of a heart infection, aged 96.


title: Bob Paisley

text: In the 1945–46 season, the Football League decided not to revive the championship programme as, with the war only recently concluded, many players were still in the forces and travel could still be difficult to arrange. Instead they organised North and South divisions on a geographical basis to keep travel to a minimum and enable clubs to re-establish themselves without the pressure of official competition. The FA Cup was staged but all ties up to the quarter-final stage were played over two legs to increase the number of meaningful matches in the season.


title: Bob Paisley

text: Paisley eventually made his official debut on 5 January 1946 in Liverpool's first post-war competitive match, which was an FA Cup 3rd round, 1st leg away match at Sealand Road, the home ground of Chester. Liverpool won the game 2–0. Paisley's first goal didn't come until 1 May 1948 in a League game at Anfield, against Wolverhampton Wanderers. Paisley's 22nd-minute strike along with a Jack Balmer goal in the 80th were enough to help the Reds win 2–1.


title: Bob Paisley

text: In the first full season after the war, 1946–47, he helped Liverpool to their first league title in 24 years, making 34 appearances in the 42-match season. He remained a fixture in the side, appearing in 30+ matches in 1947–48 and 1948–49 and 28 in 1949–50, a season of both highs and lows for Paisley who scored the opening goal of a 2–0 FA Cup semi-final win over Merseyside rivals Everton only to be dropped for the Final against Arsenal, the club's first appearance at Wembley. Paisley later said that the experience stood him in good stead when it came to telling players they were not going to play in big games as he knew how they felt. Paisley became club captain the following season.


title: Bob Paisley

text: After retiring in 1954, Paisley joined the Liverpool back room staff as a self-taught physiotherapist and was said to have the knack of being able to diagnose a player's injury just by looking at them. He later became the reserve team coach and then, in August 1959 when Albert Shelley retired, first team trainer. The arrival of Bill Shankly as manager in December 1959 transformed the fortunes of the club and Paisley recalled that "from the moment he arrived, we got on like a house on fire". On his first day in charge, Shankly held a meeting with the coaching staff which consisted of Paisley, Reuben Bennett and Joe Fagan to tell them that he was not bringing in his own coaches. He wanted to work with them and so guaranteed them their jobs. Shankly pointed out that he would decide the training strategy and they must all work together with absolutely loyalty to each other and to the club. Under Phil Taylor, training had been the traditional slog of physical exercise and road running. Shankly insisted on training which was "based on speed and using the ball". Five-a-side games were introduced as a key part of the strategy. Paisley had always been keen on training with the ball and was, like Fagan and Bennett, delighted to implement Shankly's methods. Fagan is credited with converting a storage area at Anfield into a "common room" for the coaches and it became the now-legendary Boot Room. Shankly began a Liverpool tradition, later upheld by Paisley and Fagan, of holding daily meetings in there to discuss strategy, tactics, training and players.


title: Bob Paisley

text: Training strategy was key to Liverpool's success in the 1960s and afterwards. There was more to it than using the ball and playing five-a-side matches. Influenced by Paisley, Fagan and Bennett, Shankly cottoned on to the importance of allowing players to cool down after training before having a bath or shower. Paisley, as a trained physiotherapist, argued that a person needs to cool down for about forty minutes after heavy exercise because, if they go into a bath while still sweating, their pores remain open and they are more susceptible to chills and strains. Fagan had advocated getting changed at Anfield before going via team bus to the club's training complex at Melwood. They would return to bath, change and eat. This routine satisfied the need for a cooling down period and had the added advantages of encouraging team bonding during the two journeys and ensuring familiarity with Anfield, an important need for them as home team. Everton, by contrast, did everything at their Bellefield training complex and their players only went to Goodison Park for home matches every two weeks or so. Shankly claimed that the cooling down period resulted in "an astonishing lack of injuries over many seasons". For example, in 1965–66 when Liverpool won the league title and reached the European Cup Winners Cup final, they only used fourteen players in the entire season.


title: Bob Paisley

text: Shankly's biographer Stephen F. Kelly describes Paisley as "the perfect number: never a threat to Shankly but always offering wise counsel". Paisley was an unassuming character and "happy to play second fiddle", but Kelly recognises his influence because although Shankly was "the great motivating force behind Liverpool, it was Paisley who was the tactician".


title: Bob Paisley

text: Under Shankly's management over the next fifteen years with Paisley as his assistant, Liverpool won three First Division league titles, one Second Division League title, two FA Cups and one UEFA Cup.


title: Bob Paisley

text: Following victory in the 1974 FA Cup Final, Shankly unexpectedly announced his retirement; the Liverpool directors appointed Paisley as his replacement in the hope of maintaining continuity. Though initially reluctant to take on the role, Paisley became a huge success and, apart from his first season, won at least one major trophy in each of his nine years as manager.


title: Bob Paisley

text: After finishing second in 1974–75, the team went on to win the league title and UEFA Cup in 1976. This period marked the beginning of Liverpool's dominance of English and European football, as the team went on to become champions on six occasions – finishing second twice – as well as winning three League Cups, one UEFA Cup, one UEFA Super Cup, six Charity Shields and, most significantly, three European Cups. Apart from a fifth-place finish in 1981, Liverpool never finished lower than runners-up in the league with Paisley as manager. Between 1978 and 1981 Paisley's team went 63 league games unbeaten at Anfield, a club record until it was surpassed by Jürgen Klopp's Liverpool side in November 2020. Liverpool's dominance in England was primarily challenged by Nottingham Forest under Brian Clough, and Aston Villa under Ron Saunders and Tony Barton between 1977 and 1982. There were brief challenges from a number of other clubs, Ipswich Town under Bobby Robson in seasons 1980–81 and 1981–82, Manchester City under Tony Book in 1976–77, and Manchester United under Tommy Docherty in 1975–76 and 1976–77.


title: Bob Paisley

text: Paisley, having won 20 major honours in his time as Liverpool manager, remains, to this day, the most successful manager in the club's history and the most successful English manager of all time. He won honours at a rate of 2.2 per season, a rate surpassed only by Pep Guardiola.


title: Bob Paisley

text: Paisley remained the only man in history to manage three European Cup winning sides until Carlo Ancelotti and Zinedine Zidane matched the feat in 2014 and 2018 respectively. He also won an unprecedented six Manager of the Year Awards. The only trophies that Paisley failed to win as manager were the FA Cup, although Liverpool would be runners-up in the 1977 final, the European Cup Winners' Cup, and the Intercontinental Cup.


title: Bob Paisley

text: Paisley was the subject of "This Is Your Life" in 1977 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews on board a coach in central London. Following his death in 1996, Paisley was honoured by the club with the opening of the Paisley Gateway at one of the entrances to Anfield, complementing the existing Shankly Gates.


title: Bob Paisley

text: In January 2020, a statue which depicts a scene from 1968, when Paisley carried the injured future Liverpool captain Emlyn Hughes off the field, was unveiled outside Anfield. The plinth features a quote from Paisley: "This Club has been my life; I'd go out and sweep the street and be proud to do it for Liverpool FC if they asked me to." The 8 ft sculpture was unveiled by some of Paisley's players, including Ian Rush, Sir Kenny Dalglish and Phil Thompson, with Liverpool chief executive Peter Moore calling it a "fitting tribute to his legacy". Paisley also features in the popular Liverpool chant "Allez, Allez, Allez", which is frequently sung by Liverpool supporters, especially during European matches.


title: Bob Paisley

text: Paisley retired as Liverpool manager at the end of the 1982–83 season, having spent 44 years at the club in various capacities. He was replaced by Joe Fagan, who would win Liverpool their fourth European Cup. Paisley worked informally as a consultant and advisor to Kenny Dalglish for two years after the latter's appointment as player-manager in 1985, before being appointed as a club director. In early 1986, then aged 66, he was interviewed by the Football Association of Ireland with a view to taking charge of the Ireland football team. Jack Charlton was eventually given the job instead.


title: Bob Paisley

text: Paisley continued to serve Liverpool as a director until he retired in early 1992 due to ill health, having been diagnosed with the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, something which had become apparent in his early seventies when he was unable to remember his way home when driving back from Anfield. He died on 14 February 1996 at the age of 77, several weeks after moving into a nursing home in Merseyside.


title: Bob Paisley

text: Paisley was buried in the churchyard of St Peter's Church in Woolton, Liverpool. A memorial to Paisley has been erected in the main park in his home town of Hetton-le-hole.


title: Bob Paisley

text: Bob Paisley was married to his wife Jessie, a school teacher in Liverpool, from 1946 until his death 50 years later. They had two sons, Robert junior and Graham, and a daughter, Christine.


title: Bob Paisley

text: Jessie Paisley died in February 2012 at the age of 96. Jessie Paisley had attended the celebrations to commemorate Liverpool's last game in front of the old Spion Kop terrace in 1994, but without her husband, who was not well enough to attend. Also in attendance that day were Paisley's successor Joe Fagan, and Agnes "Ness" Shankly, the widow of his predecessor Bill Shankly.


title: Arian Foster

text: Arian Isa Foster (born August 24, 1986) is a former American football running back and current musical artist under the name Bobby Feeno. He played college football at the University of Tennessee, and was signed by the Houston Texans of the National Football League (NFL) as an undrafted free agent in 2009. Foster was known for his signature Namaste bow, which he frequently performed after scoring touchdowns. Foster holds the Texans franchise records for rushing yards and rushing touchdowns, and also played for the Miami Dolphins. Foster announced his retirement from the NFL on October 24, 2016.


title: Arian Foster

text: Foster was born August 24, 1986, in Albuquerque, New Mexico, to Carl Foster, a former wide receiver for the University of New Mexico, and Bernadette Sizemore, a secretary for the university. Foster's father signed with the Denver Broncos in 1982, though was not able to make it through the summer, and never actually made it to the NFL. Foster has four siblings, Abdul, who was also an athlete, running track in high school and in college at Florida A&M, and his sister Christina, his brother Braxton and sister Maria.


title: Arian Foster

text: Foster's mother encouraged him to play football at the age of 7, to the dismay of Foster's father, an ex-wide receiver himself. As a former player at a high level, Carl was not supportive of the idea of his son entering the sport at such a young age. Foster took to the game, telling his elementary school teacher that he intended to become "a star in the NFL." Foster attended Taft Middle School in Albuquerque.


title: Arian Foster

text: His parents divorced in 2000 while he was attending Valley High School in Albuquerque, and in 2002, he moved to San Diego with his father. Foster competed in football at Mission Bay Senior High School, where he initially played as a linebacker, but became a full-time running back in his junior and senior years. He was Mission Bay's featured running back those years, and led San Diego County in all-purpose yards with 2,500 while compiling 2,093 rushing yards and 24 touchdowns in addition to six scores on kickoff returns his senior year. In a game against Clairemont High School, Foster ran for 321 yards and for his efforts, he was named "San Diego Union Tribune" All-San Diego Western League Player of the Year, received All-West Region appointment by "PrepStar", and also earned All-California Interscholastic Federation honors. He earned a three-star rating from Rivals.com. Then-Tennessee offensive coordinator Randy Sanders and running backs coach Trooper Taylor were impressed by Foster when recruiting in San Diego. Foster committed to attend Tennessee on January 28, 2004.


title: Arian Foster

text: Foster also competed on the track & field team as a sprinter and high jumper. He had personal-bests of 11.24 seconds in the dash, and had a top-jump of 6'2.5" in the high jump. He was also a member of the 4 × 100 m relay squad.


title: Arian Foster

text: Foster red-shirted his first season as a Tennessee Volunteer, sitting behind Gerald Riggs Jr. and Cedric Houston on the depth chart. He was a three-year starter at running back for Tennessee.


title: Arian Foster

text: In his 2005 freshman season, Foster was an immediate contributor. He took on a heavier responsibility in the running game later in the season. Foster made his collegiate debut on September 3 against Alabama-Birmingham. On October 1, in a home game against the Ole Miss Rebels, he had his first collegiate touchdown on a one-yard run late in the fourth quarter of the 27–10 victory. On October 22, in a game against #5 Alabama, Riggs suffered a season-ending injury, putting more rushing opportunities onto Foster. On October 29, in a home game against the South Carolina Gamecocks, he had 25 carries for 148 rushing yards and a rushing touchdown in the narrow 16–15 loss. On November 5, in a road game against the #8 Notre Dame Fighting Irish, he had 28 carries for 125 rushing yards and a rushing touchdown in the 41–21 loss. In the following game against the Memphis Tigers, he had 28 carries for 132 rushing yards in the 20–16 victory at home. In the next game, he had a commanding individual performance in a 28–24 loss against the Vanderbilt Commodores. Despite the Commodores snapping a 22-game losing streak to Tennessee, he had 40 carries, scored two touchdowns, and his total of 268 all-purpose yards was the third-highest total in school history. In the regular season finale in a road game against the Kentucky Wildcats, he had 114 rushing yards and 44 receiving yards in the 27–8 victory. Overall, in the 2005 season, he finished as the team's leading rusher with 879 rushing yards, five rushing touchdowns, 14 receptions, and 148 receiving yards.


title: Arian Foster

text: Foster's sophomore season saw a downturn in production with the emergence of Lamarcus Coker and Montario Hardesty in the backfield. He started the 2006 season with 17 carries for 69 rushing yards and a four-yard receiving touchdown in the 35–18 home victory over the #9 California Golden Bears. In the next two games combined, Foster only carried nine times for 24 rushing yards in a 31–30 victory over Air Force and a 21–20 loss to #7 Florida. Foster suffered through an ankle injury and it ended up costing him two games. He returned on October 7, in a road game against the #10 Georgia Bulldogs, he had 15 carries for 63 rushing yards and three rushing touchdowns in the 51–33 victory. On October 21, against rival Alabama, he had the go-ahead one-yard rushing touchdown late in the fourth quarter of the 16–13 victory. Foster ended the season with 91 carries for 322 rushing yards and five rushing touchdowns. Tennessee's final game of the season was the 2007 Outback Bowl against the Penn State Nittany Lions, in which Foster fumbled with ten minutes remaining deep in Penn State territory. The ball was picked up by cornerback Tony Davis and returned 88 yards for a touchdown, breaking a 10–10 tie and providing the winning points in Penn State's 20–10 victory.


title: Arian Foster

text: His junior season saw Foster take over as the main running back. In the regular season opener against #12 California, he had 13 carries for 89 rushing yards to go along with three receptions for 20 receiving yards and a receiving touchdown in the 45–31 loss. In the second game, against the Southern Miss Golden Eagles, he had 125 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns in the 39–19 victory at home. Against the #3 Florida Gators at the Swamp, Foster fumbled a left-handed hand-off from injured quarterback Erik Ainge which was recovered by Gators linebacker Dustin Doe and returned eighteen yards for a touchdown. Up to that point, Tennessee had been gaining momentum and pulled to within eight points of tying the game, but the botched play made the score 35–20 and triggered a 24-point Florida run to close out the contest. On October 6, at home against the #12 Georgia Bulldogs, he had 98 rushing yards and three rushing touchdowns in the 35–14 victory. In the following game, against the Mississippi State Bulldogs, he had 139 rushing yards and a rushing touchdown in the 33–21 victory. In the game against the Alabama Crimson Tide at Bryant-Denny Stadium, he had 91 rushing yards and a rushing touchdown to go along with four receptions for 74 receiving yards in the 41–17 loss. On October 27, at home against the #15 South Carolina Gamecocks, he had 19 carries for 75 rushing yards and a rushing touchdown in the 27–24 victory. On November 3, at home against the Louisiana–Lafayette Ragin' Cajuns, he had 20 carries for 100 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns in the 59–7 victory. In the next game, against the Arkansas Razorbacks, he had 83 rushing yards and a rushing touchdown, his seventh consecutive game with a rushing touchdown, in the 34–13 victory. Foster surpassed the 1,000-yard mark with a 118-yard performance on 27 carries in a 52–50 win on the road against the Kentucky Wildcats. In addition, he tallied nine receptions for 98 receiving yards and a receiving touchdown in the game. He finished his junior season with 245 carries for 1,193 yards and 12 touchdowns, while also catching 39 passes for 340 yards and an additional two scores. He finished third in the SEC in rushing yards.


title: Arian Foster

text: Foster's breakout junior season resulted in a second-round grade from the draft advisory board and led him to consider leaving school. However, head coach Phillip Fulmer persuaded him to stay for his senior season, a decision Foster would later deeply regret. Playing under the third position coach and offensive coordinator of his tenure, Foster was utilized in a rotation following the installation of a new offensive scheme that the Tennessee coaches thought was a better fit for some of the other running backs on the roster. He only had one game with 100 rushing yards, the second game of the season, a 35–3 victory over the UAB Blazers. For his part, Fulmer would attribute Foster's diminished workload to knee and thigh injuries which would later be disputed. In the end, Foster compiled 570 yards on 131 carries with just one touchdown in his senior season.


title: Arian Foster

text: Foster finished his collegiate career as the school's second all-time leading rusher with 2,964 yards, only trailing Travis Henry. His legacy, however, was mixed. He fumbled just five times on a school-record 650 carries, but all of them came at critical moments. His former coach Fulmer has defended Foster regarding these crucial mistakes, saying "There were a couple of fumbles that were untimely that people want to remember; they forget about his full career, about how special he was. He had a couple of fumbles after a couple of big runs. They were costly, but we probably wouldn't have been there without him." Among all players in Tennessee history to reach 1,000 rushing yards, Foster finished second in receiving yards in school history with 742, only trailing Stanley Morgan.


title: Arian Foster

text: Foster's subpar senior campaign caused his draft stock to plummet, as well as scouts' concerns about his below-average pass-blocking, issues with ball security, character issues (partly due to his earlier arrest) and the less-than-stellar reviews from Tennessee staff members that portrayed him as selfish and hard to coach. Foster ranked 24th among running backs available in the 2009 NFL Draft, according to "Sports Illustrated". A pulled hamstring prevented Foster from working out at the NFL Scouting Combine, and he had a poor showing at Tennessee's Pro Day when he registered a 4.65 40-yard dash, 4.50 short shuttle, vertical leap and 9′7″ broad jump. The combination of factors led to Foster being undrafted at the 2009 NFL Draft; after several teams showed interest in him as a rookie free agent, he chose to sign a contract with the Houston Texans in May 2009 because he thought the situation suited him.


title: Arian Foster

text: Foster was signed by the Houston Texans as an undrafted free agent on May 1, 2009. He was released by the team on September 5, 2009, but was later signed to the Texans' practice squad on September 6 and signed to the active roster on November 17. Foster made his NFL debut against the Tennessee Titans on November 23, 2009, but recorded no offensive statistics in the 20–17 loss. In Week 16, he scored his first NFL career touchdown against the Miami Dolphins in Miami on December 27, 2009, on a 17-yard run up the middle in the second quarter of the 27–20 victory. Foster made his first career start against the New England Patriots in the regular season finale on January 3, 2010, and ran for 119 yards and scored twice on 20 carries in the 34–27 victory.


title: Arian Foster

text: Overall, Foster played six games, starting one, during the 2009 season, finishing with 54 carries for 257 rushing yards and three rushing touchdowns to go along with eight receptions for 93 receiving yards.


title: Arian Foster

text: Before the 2010 season, Foster changed his number from #37 to #23. In the 2010 season opener on September 12, Houston played against the Indianapolis Colts. Foster replaced Steve Slaton, the starting running back in the 2009 season, and broke many franchise records, rushing 33 times for 231 yards and three touchdowns in the 34–24 victory. In addition to breaking the franchise record for the most rushing yards in a single game, he and Slaton combined for 260 rushing yards, well over the team record for most total in a game, and also the most rushing yards given up to a single player by the Indianapolis Colts. Foster posted the second-highest NFL opening day rushing total, trailing only O. J. Simpson's 250 yards against the New England Patriots in 1973. In Week 3 against the Dallas Cowboys, he had 17 carries for 106 rushing yards in the 27–13 loss. In Week 4, against the Oakland Raiders after being benched for the first quarter, Foster recorded the longest run in Texans franchise history when he scored on a 74-yard touchdown run in the third quarter to break a 14–14 tie. Houston went on to win 31–24 behind Foster's 187 yards from scrimmage. In Week 6, against the Kansas City Chiefs, he had 18 carries for 71 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns in the 35–31 victory. In Week 8, against the Indianapolis Colts, he had 15 carries for 102 rushing yards and one rushing touchdown in the 30–17 loss. He followed that up with 27 carries for 127 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns in the 29–23 loss to the San Diego Chargers. In Week 11 against the New York Jets, he had 84 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns in the 30–27 loss. In the next game, against the Tennessee Titans, he had 30 carries for 143 rushing yards in the 20–0 victory. In Week 13 against the Philadelphia Eagles, he had 83 rushing yards and a rushing touchdown to go along with a receiving touchdown in the 34–24 loss. In Week 14 against the Baltimore Ravens, he had 20 carries for 100 rushing yards in the 34–28 loss.


title: Arian Foster

text: After being passed in rushing yards by Jamaal Charles during the Chiefs' last game of the regular season, Foster posted another stunning performance rushing for 180 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns in Week 17 against the Jacksonville Jaguars to solidify his spot as the 2010 rushing leader. Foster finished the 2010 season by winning the rushing title with 1,616 rushing yards and 604 receiving yards breaking the record set by Priest Holmes for most yards from scrimmage ever by an undrafted player. He was invited to the 2011 Pro Bowl, which was his first career invite. He was ranked 25th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2011.


title: Arian Foster

text: Foster strained his hamstring twice during the 2011 preseason – at one point creating controversy due to his tweeting of an MRI image of the damaged tendon – resulting in his missing the Texans' season opener against the Indianapolis Colts.


title: Arian Foster

text: Foster returned in Week 2 against the Miami Dolphins, but had to leave the game due to a re-aggravation of his hamstring. Foster missed Houston's Week 3 game on the road against the New Orleans Saints, but returned to face the Pittsburgh Steelers the following Sunday. Against Pittsburgh, Foster ran the ball 30 times for 155 yards, including a 42-yard fourth-quarter touchdown run that proved to be the winning points in the Texans' 17–10 victory. In what was his tenth career 100-yard game, Foster's total of 155 yards was the second-most by a running back against the Steelers defense since 2001, and the most since Curtis Martin tallied 174 yards against the Steelers on December 14, 2003. Additionally, his 42-yard touchdown was the longest scoring run allowed by the Steelers since 2006. The Texans squared off with the Oakland Raiders at home in Week 5. Foster had a tough time generating yards on the ground, tallying just 68 yards on 22 carries. It was as a pass-catcher that Foster shone against Oakland, catching just five passes for 116 yards, including a career-long 60-yard reception in the third quarter. A last-minute rally by Houston fell short when quarterback Matt Schaub was intercepted in the end zone as Houston fell, 25–20. In Week 6, the Baltimore Ravens' stout defense proved a challenge for Foster as he was limited to just 49 yards on 15 carries in a decisive 29–14 loss. Foster continued to contribute in the passing game catching six passes for 52 yards in the losing effort. Foster exploded in Week 7 against the Tennessee Titans, rushing for 115 yards and two touchdowns on 25 carries while accumulating 119 yards receiving and another touchdown on five catches. This helped the Texans en route to a 41–7 victory over their division foe and established them as the division leader. Foster followed up his career-day against the Titans with a solid performance against the Jacksonville Jaguars. In a tough, ball-control type of game, Foster equaled his career-high in rushing attempts with 33, totaling 112 yards on the ground. In contrast to Foster's prolific pass-catching in recent weeks, the Jaguars limited Foster to just one catch for 12 yards out of the backfield in Houston's 24–14 victory. On December 22, he had 158 rushing yards and a rushing touchdown in the 19–16 loss to the Indianapolis Colts in Week 16. Overall, he finished the 2011 season with 278 carries for 1,224 rushing yards and ten rushing touchdowns to go along with 53 receptions for 617 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns.


title: Arian Foster

text: Foster was invited to the 2012 Pro Bowl. The Texans finished the season with a 10–6 record and won the AFC South. In the against the Cincinnati Bengals, he had 153 rushing yards, two rushing touchdowns, three receptions, and 29 receiving yards in the 31–10 victory in his playoff debut. In the against the Baltimore Ravens, he had 132 rushing yards, one rushing touchdown, five receptions, and 22 receiving yards in the 20–13 loss. He was ranked 25th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2012.


title: Arian Foster

text: On March 5, the Texans reportedly reached a deal with Foster, deciding he was worth up to $43.5 million over five years. The contract included $20.75 million guaranteed, $30 million in his first three years, and $18 million in 2012.


title: Arian Foster

text: Foster started the 2012 season with 26 carries for 79 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns in the 30–10 victory over the Miami Dolphins. In Week 2, Foster had 28 carries for 110 rushing yards and a touchdown in the 27–7 victory over the Jacksonville Jaguars. On October 8, in a "Monday Night Football" game against the New York Jets, Foster reached 5,000 yards from scrimmage in his 40th career game, becoming the third-fastest player to reach the milestone, only behind Edgerrin James (36 games) and Eric Dickerson (39 games). In his next two games, he recorded two rushing touchdowns in a 42–24 loss to the Green Bay Packers and the 43–13 victory over the Baltimore Ravens. On November 22, against the Detroit Lions, he had 102 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns in the 34–31 victory in Week 12. On December 16, against the Indianapolis Colts, he had 27 carries for 165 rushing yards in the 29–17 victory in Week 15. On December 23 against the Minnesota Vikings, Foster left the game in the third quarter with an irregular heartbeat. Foster was announced the starting running back in the AFC Division for the 2013 Pro Bowl. He ended the season with league-high 351 carries for 1,424 rushing yards and 15 rushing touchdowns.


title: Arian Foster

text: The Texans finished the season with a 12–4 record and won the AFC South for the second consecutive year. In the against the Cincinnati Bengals, he had 140 rushing yards, one rushing touchdown, eight receptions, and 34 receiving yards in the 19–13 victory. In the against the New England Patriots, he had 90 rushing yards, one rushing touchdown, seven receptions, 63 receiving yards, and one receiving touchdown in the 41–28 loss. He was ranked 8th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2013.


title: Arian Foster

text: Foster sustained a back injury in August before the 2013 regular season began, which limited his preseason play, although he was able to play in the first eight weeks of the regular season. Foster was not physically able to complete the season, but during the time that which he played, Foster had 121 carries, advancing the ball for a total of 542 yards, and had a touchdown in their second game of the regular season in which they defeated the Tennessee Titans by a score of 30–24. He left the game in Week 7 against the Kansas City Chiefs due to a calf injury. In Week 9, he had to leave the game they lost 27–24 to the Indianapolis Colts with a season ending back injury. The injury required surgery for a ruptured disk in Foster's lumbar spine.


title: Arian Foster

text: Foster had surgery on a bulging disk in his back on November 13, 2013, in Los Angeles. Foster tried to play through the injury in the second divisional game against the Indianapolis Colts, the day he injured his back, and then tried to avoid surgery, but, after speaking with multiple doctors and specialists, Dr. Watkins included, he decided to undergo surgery. Foster made it his goal after this devastating injury and surgery to enter the 2014 season as a healthy contributor to the Texans.


title: Arian Foster

text: In the 2014 season opener, a 17–6 win over the Washington Redskins, Foster had 103 rushing yards on 27 carries. In the following game against the Oakland Raiders, he had 28 carries for 138 rushing yards and a rushing touchdown in the 30–14 victory. On October 5, against the Dallas Cowboys, he had 23 carries for 157 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns in the 20–17 loss in Week 5. In the next game, against the Indianapolis Colts, he had 20 carries for 109 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns in the 33–28 loss. He had 20 carries for 102 rushing yards in the following game, a 30–23 loss against the Pittsburgh Steelers. He recorded his fourth consecutive 100-yard game with 151 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns against the Tennessee Titans. In addition, he had a receiving touchdown in the 30–16 victory. On December 7, against the Jacksonville Jaguars, he had 24 carries for 127 rushing yards and a rushing touchdown in the 27–13 victory in Week 14. Foster had a great comeback season after returning from his back injury, rushing for 1,246 yards and eight touchdowns while having 38 receptions for 327 receiving yards and five receiving touchdowns. For the fourth season in his career, Foster rushed for at least 1,000 yards. With that accomplishment, Foster was voted to the 2015 Pro Bowl, his fourth such nomination in his NFL career. He was named the FedEx Ground NFL Player of the Week for his Week 8 performance (151 rushing yards and two touchdowns) against the Tennessee Titans. He was ranked 80th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2015.


title: Arian Foster

text: Foster started the 2015 season injured and did not play until Week 4 against the Atlanta Falcons. Foster ruptured his Achilles tendon on October 25, 2015, in a Week 7 loss to the Miami Dolphins. Two days later, Foster was placed on injured reserve, effectively ending his season. Foster played in four games and finished the 2015 season with 63 carries for 163 rushing yards and one rushing touchdown to go along with 22 receptions for 227 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns.


title: Arian Foster

text: Foster was released by the Texans on March 3, 2016. He finished his Texans career with 6,472 yards and 54 rushing touchdowns, both franchise records.


title: Arian Foster

text: On July 18, 2016, Foster signed a one-year contract with the Miami Dolphins. Foster wore #34 during the preseason, but would later change it to #29 before the regular season started. He rushed for 55 yards in four games before suffering another lower body injury.


title: Arian Foster

text: On October 24, 2016, one day after rushing for five yards on three carries in Week 7 against the Buffalo Bills, Foster announced his retirement from the NFL.


title: Arian Foster

text: From a young age, Foster expressed a creative interest in activities outside sports, such as poetry in elementary school, and improvisation and theater in high school.


title: Arian Foster

text: Foster first appeared on television as an actor, and not an athlete, as a guest star of the show "Hawaii Five-0" in an episode that takes place during the Pro Bowl. He played himself, aiding Danno and McGarrett as they solved the murder of a tech executive, while Foster was in town for the game.


title: Arian Foster

text: After getting injured in the 2013 season, Foster joined the cast of the movie "Draft Day", to play a running back getting drafted into the NFL. The film came out in April 2014.


title: Arian Foster

text: Foster has not ruled out the possibility of partaking in an acting job once again if it does not interrupt his career as an athlete in any way. In an interview on the subject he stated, "I thoroughly enjoyed my experiences in the film industry thus far. So I don't see why, if an opportunity presents itself again, I wouldn't jump on it, but it won't get in the way of my football career because that's first and foremost. That was my dream since I was seven years old."


title: Arian Foster

text: On March 8, 2017, Foster appeared on Joe Rogan's podcast the Joe Rogan Experience #928. He responded to comments he made on Twitter about being able to kill a wolf, and discussed his interest in physics, astronomy, artistic endeavors, and his uncensored take on the NCAA and the NFL. Foster also made a guest appearance on the YouTube podcast Painkiller Already (PKA) during which he gave his opinions on the NFL's battle with CTE and continued with his ideas on killing a wolf. He also told his struggles with dealing with instantaneous fame of college football.


title: Arian Foster

text: Foster started his own podcast, "Now What? with Arian Foster", in fall 2017. The podcast (also available on "YouTube") features Foster conversing with guests on a wide range of topics "from current events to unexplored regions of our universe."


title: Arian Foster

text: In 2018, Foster appeared on the MTV series "" as a contestant raising money for his charity the Arian Foster Foundation.


title: Arian Foster

text: In February 2021, Foster and PFT Commenter launched a podcast for Barstool Sports. Their podcast, "Macrodosing", discusses conspiracy theories and cover-ups, and elements such as the deep web.


title: Arian Foster

text: On April 26, 2018, Foster released his debut rap album "Flamingo & Koval" under the stage name Bobby Feeno on Tidal. The title is named after the intersection at which rapper 2Pac was shot. The album was recorded under LeBron James record label Uninterrupted. His introduction into the music industry was documented in the docuseries "Becoming Bobby Feeno" which was produced by Foster, James, Maverick Carter, and Humble Lukanga.


title: Arian Foster

text: As was documented on ESPN's "Sunday NFL Countdown", Foster was a philosophy major at the University of Tennessee and is an avid writer of poetry. His first name is an abbreviated form of Aquarian, which means "water bearer", or, according to his father, "holder of knowledge". His father is black and his mother is of Mexican descent.


title: Arian Foster

text: "Sporting News" called Foster "the most interesting man in the NFL". He became a vegan in July 2012. Though this did not last very long, his diet was a very interesting subject to the media for a period of time. Regarding his diet, he said: "I just like to eat healthy, man. That whole vegan thing, a lot of people are really interested in my food... I've had meat since I've said I don't eat meat anymore. I like to stay with the plant-based foods, but every now and then, I'll eat meat."


title: Arian Foster

text: Foster revealed his political affiliation during an NFL game, stating he is "in the Green Party", and he voted for Ron Paul, who ran as a Republican in the 2012 Presidential election.


title: Arian Foster

text: Foster was raised as a Muslim, but has since renounced religion and now identifies as an atheist, although he believes in reincarnation.


title: Street Fighter (video game)

text: "Street Fighter" was directed by Takashi Nishiyama, who conceived it by adapting the boss battles of his earlier beat 'em up game "Kung-Fu Master" (1984) for a one-on-one fighting game, and by drawing influence from popular Japanese shōnen manga. A port for the PC Engine/TurboGrafx CD console was released as in 1988, and was re-released for the Wii's Virtual Console in 2009.


title: Street Fighter (video game)

text: Its sequel, "Street Fighter II" (1991), evolved its gameplay with phenomenal worldwide success. "Street Fighter" also spawned two spiritual successors, Capcom's beat 'em up "Final Fight" (working title "Street Fighter '89") and SNK's fighting game "" (1991), the latter designed by "Street Fighter" director Takashi Nishiyama.


title: Street Fighter (video game)

text: The player competes in one-on-one matches against a series of computer-controlled opponents or in a single match against another player. Each match consists of three rounds in which the player must knock out an opponent in less than 30 seconds. If a match ends before a fighter is knocked out, the fighter with the greater amount of energy left is the round's winner. The player must win two rounds in order to defeat the opponent and proceed to the next battle. If the third round ends in a tie, then the computer-controlled opponent will win by default or both players will lose. During the single-player mode, the losing player can continue against the same opponent. Likewise, a second player can interrupt a single-player match and challenge the first player to a new match.


title: Street Fighter (video game)

text: In the deluxe version of the arcade game, the player's controls consist of a standard eight-way joystick and two large, unique mechatronic pads for punches and kicks that return an analog value depending on how hard the player actuated the control. An alternate version was released that replaces the two punching pads with an array of six attack buttons, three punch buttons, and three kick buttons of different speeds and strengths: light, medium, and heavy.


title: Street Fighter (video game)

text: The player uses the joystick to move left or right, and to jump, crouch, and block. By using the attack buttons and pads in combination with the joystick, the player can perform a variety of attacks from standing, jumping, or crouching positions. Three special techniques require a specific series of joystick and button inputs.


title: Street Fighter (video game)

text: This is the first game to use such a concept. Unlike its sequels and other fighting games, the specific commands for these special moves are not given in the arcade game's instruction card, which instead encourages the player to discover these techniques.


title: Street Fighter (video game)

text: The single-player mode consists of a series of battles against ten opponents from five different nations. At the beginning of the game, the player can choose Japan or the United States, and China or England depending on the game's configuration. The player fights two fighters from the chosen country and proceeds to the next country. Two types of bonus games give additional points: brick breaking and table breaking. After defeating the initial eight characters, the player travels to Thailand for the last two opponents.


title: Street Fighter (video game)

text: The player takes control of a young Japanese martial artist named Ryu, who competes in the Street Fighter tournament to prove his strength, and the second player takes control of Ryu's former partner and current rival Ken, who only jumps into the tournament unqualified to challenge Ryu in two-player matches. Normally, the player takes control of Ryu in the single-player mode; however, if the player controlling Ken defeats Ryu in a 2-player match, the winning player will play the remainder of the game as Ken. The differences between the two characters are aesthetic, with the same basic moves and special techniques.


title: Street Fighter (video game)

text: The first eight computer-controlled opponents are: from Japan, Retsu, an expelled Shorinji Kempo instructor and Geki, a tekkō kagi-wielding ninja; from the United States, Joe, an underground full-contact karate champion and Mike, a former heavyweight boxer who once killed an opponent in the ring; from China, Lee, an expert in Chinese boxing and Gen, an elderly professional killer who has developed his own assassination art; and from England, Birdie, a tall bouncer who uses a combination of wrestling and boxing techniques and Eagle, a well-dressed bodyguard of a wealthy family who uses Kali sticks. After the first eight challengers are defeated, the player is taken to Thailand for the last two adversaries: Adon, a deadly muay Thai master, and his mentor Sagat, the reputed "Emperor of Muay Thai" and the game's final opponent.


title: Street Fighter (video game)

text: Takashi Nishiyama conceived "Street Fighter" after working on Irem's 1984 beat 'em up game "Kung-Fu Master" (called "Spartan X" in Japan), which has a number of boss fights; Nishiyama considered making a game centered around those boss fights. In turn, the boss fights were inspired by the Bruce Lee film "Game of Death" (1972). Following the success of "Kung-Fu Master", Nishiyama was hired by Capcom. He designed an arcade successor for Capcom, "Trojan" (1986), a beat 'em up which evolved the basic gameplay concepts of "Kung-Fu Master"; the NES port has a one-on-one fighting mode, for the first time in a Capcom game. Nishiyama later designed "Street Fighter". The game was also influenced by the earlier fighting games "Karate Champ" (1984) and "Yie Ar Kung-Fu" (1984). The gameplay of "Karate Champ", "Kung-Fu Master" and "Yie Ar Kung Fu" provided a basic template for "Street Fighter". Nishiyama wanted the game to have a story similar to a film.


title: Street Fighter (video game)

text: "Street Fighter" was produced and directed by Takashi Nishiyama (who is credited as "Piston Takashi") and planned by Hiroshi Matsumoto (credited as "Finish Hiroshi"), who both previously worked on the overhead beat 'em up "Avengers" (1987). They would leave Capcom after the production of the game and were employed by SNK, developing most of their fighting game series including "Fatal Fury" and "Art of Fighting". They would later work for Dimps and work on "Street Fighter IV" with Capcom. Keiji Inafune, best known for his artwork in Capcom's "Mega Man" franchise, got his start at the company by designing and illustrating the character portraits in "Street Fighter". Nishiyama drew several inspirations for developing the original gameplay of "Street Fighter" from martial art styles he was practicing.


title: Street Fighter (video game)

text: The designers at Capcom took inspiration from Bruce Lee's 1973 martial arts film "Enter the Dragon". That and "Street Fighter" are similarly centered around an international fighting tournament, with each character having a unique combination of ethnicity, nationality, and fighting style. Nishiyama was also inspired by popular Japanese shōnen manga and anime, including an energy attack called Hadouho (lit. the "Wave Motion Gun") from the 1970s anime series "Space Battleship Yamato" as the origin of the Hadouken move. The game's title was named after Sonny Chiba's "The Street Fighter" (1974).


title: Street Fighter (video game)

text: Two different arcade cabinet were sold for the game: a "Regular" version (which was sold as a tabletop cabinet in Japan and as an upright overseas) with the same six-button configuration later used in "Street Fighter II" and a "Deluxe" cabinet with two pressure-sensitive rubber pads. The pressure-sensitive pads determine the strength and speed of attacks.


title: Street Fighter (video game)

text: In the worldwide versions, Ryu's and Ken's voices were dubbed so that they yell the names of their moves in English, such as "Psycho Fire", "Dragon Punch", and "Hurricane Kick". Subsequent localized releases until "Street Fighter IV" left the Japanese voices intact; since "Street Fighter IV", the series contains English voice acting, and Asian characters use Japanese names for certain special moves and super combos among otherwise English dialogue.


title: Street Fighter (video game)

text: "Street Fighter" was ported as "Fighting Street" in 1988 for the PC Engine CD-ROM² System in Japan and 1989 for the TurboGrafx-CD in North America. There was no six-button controller for the TurboGrafx-CD at the time, so the attack strength is determined by the duration of the button-press, akin to the "Deluxe" arcade version. It has a remastered soundtrack and covers artwork of Mount Rushmore, an in-game location. It was developed by Alfa System and published by NEC Avenue in North America and Hudson Soft in Japan. It was re-released for the Wii's Virtual Console in Japan on October 6, 2009, in North America on November 2, 2009, and in the PAL regions on November 6, 2009.


title: Street Fighter (video game)

text: Versions for the Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum, Amstrad CPC, Amiga, and Atari ST were developed by Tiertex and published by U.S. Gold in 1988 in Europe. A different Commodore 64 version was developed by Pacific Dataworks and published by Capcom USA. Capcom also published an MS-DOS version in 1989, developed by Hi-Tech Expressions. Hi-Tech re-released the game as part of the "Street Fighter Series" CD-ROM collection.


title: Street Fighter (video game)

text: An emulation of the original arcade version is in "Capcom Arcade Hits Volume 1" (along with "Street Fighter II': Champion Edition") for Windows, "Capcom Classics Collection Remixed" for the PlayStation Portable and "Capcom Classics Collection Vol. 2" (along with "Super Street Fighter II Turbo") for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox, and "Street Fighter 30th Anniversary Collection" for PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch, and Windows.


title: Street Fighter (video game)

text: The original punching-pad cabinet was not successful as Capcom had planned, with only around 1,000 units sold. However, the alternate six-button version was more successful, selling in the tens of thousands, with estimates ranging from between 10,000 and 50,000 units sold. In Japan, "Game Machine" listed "Street Fighter" on its September 15, 1987 issue as the fifth most-successful upright arcade unit of the month, before reaching #3 in October 1987 and then #1 in January 1988. It became Japan's fifth highest-grossing large arcade game of 1987, and the country's eighth highest-grossing arcade game of 1988. In the United Kingdom, the "Coinslot" charts, in the August 1988 issue of "Sinclair User", listed "Street Fighter" as the top-grossing dedicated arcade game of the month. It was not as successful in the United States, where it peaked at #10 on the "RePlay" upright cabinet chart in December 1987.


title: Street Fighter (video game)

text: The arcade game received positive to mixed reviews, with critics praising the combat and graphics but criticizing the pressure-pad controls. Upon release in August 1987, "Commodore User" magazine said it has some of the "most unusual features which make it worthy of note" such as the experimental rubber pad controls and the large 24-inch screen displaying large detailed sprite graphics. However, the review said "the fairly repetitive nature of the game, and the large amount of physical effort needed to play it, will prevent "Street Fighter" from being much more than a novel experiment in coin-op technology" but that only "time will tell". In September, Tony Thompson of "Crash" said it "breathes new life" into martial arts games, with a "huge" cabinet, "big" characters, pads where "the harder you hit the pads the harder your character hits" and "secret techniques" but criticized it for making his "hands hurt". In December 1987, Julian Rignall and Daniel Gilbert of "Crash" said "it adds a new dimension with pneumatic punch buttons" and the action is "gratifying" with "great feedback from the buttons" but "there's very little to draw you back" after the novelty wears off.


title: Street Fighter (video game)

text: Clare Edgeley of "Computer and Video Games" said in December 1987 that the arcade game had "huge" sprites, "among the most realistic" characters, and "intense" action, but requires mastering the controls, including punches, kicks, stoop kicks, flip kicks, and backward flips. She said "the competition is intense" and the deluxe version "is much more fun". "Computer and Video Games" said in May 1988 that the arcade game was "one of the most realistic martial arts combat games, a sort of street Olympics" with international opponents.


title: Street Fighter (video game)

text: The ZX Spectrum version received positive reviews. While reviewing the Spectrum version, "Sinclair User" awarded the game a maximum rating and called it "one of the games of the year".


title: Street Fighter (video game)

text: The Amiga and Atari ST versions received mixed reviews. "" gave them a positive review. Julian Rignall of "Computer and Video Games" reviewed the Amiga and Atari ST versions, stating that the game had "no lasting appeal whatsoever".


title: Street Fighter (video game)

text: "Street Fighter"s niche evolved, partly because many arcade game developers in the 1980s focused more on producing beat-em-up and shoot 'em up games. Part of the appeal was the use of special moves that can only be discovered by experimenting with controls, which created a sense of mystique and invited players to practice the game. Following "Street Fighter"s lead, the use of command-based hidden moves began to pervade other games in the rising fighting game genre. "Street Fighter" introduced other staples of the genre, including the blocking technique and the ability for a challenger to spontaneously initiate a match against a player. The game introduced pressure-sensitive controls that determine the strength of an attack. However, due to this encouraging damage, Capcom soon replaced it with a six-button control scheme offering light, medium, and hard punches and kicks, which became another staple of the genre. Yoshinori Ono considers "Street Fighter" to be "the first modern day fighting game".


title: Street Fighter (video game)

text: Capcom's beat 'em up "Final Fight" (1989) began development as a sequel called "Street Fighter '89". According to the developers, they were originally planning to have Ryu and Ken as the main protagonists, but changed to a new plot and setting. SNK's fighting game "" (1991) was designed by Takashi Nishiyama, the director of "Street Fighter". Nishiyama envisioned "Fatal Fury" as a spiritual successor to "Street Fighter", developed around the same time as "Street Fighter II" (1991). "Street Fighter II" focuses on combos, and "Fatal Fury" focuses on special move timing and on storytelling. "Street Fighter" also influenced Makoto Uchida as lead designer of Sega's hack and slash beat 'em up "Golden Axe" (1989), particularly with combo moves.


title: Aparna Das

text: Aparna Das (born 10 September 1995) is an Indian actress who acts mainly in Malayalam and Tamil films. She made her acting debut in 2018 through "Njan Prakashan".


title: Aparna Das

text: Aparna was born on 10 September 1995 to Malayali parents settled in Muscat, Oman. She completed her primary education from Gangothri English Medium School, Nenmara and Indian School, Darsait. She is a graduate from Sri Krishna Arts and Science College, Coimbatore. After completing her Post-Graduation degree, she worked as an accountant. She had also worked as model for establishments and magazines during and after her studies.


title: Aparna Das

text: While working in Muscat after completing her master’s in business administration, Aparna was cast in the satirical comedy film "Njan Prakashan" (2018) by Sathyan Anthikad, after he watched one of her TikTok videos thus making her debut in Malayalam cinema. Later she played the female lead in "Manoharam" (2019) opposite Vineeth Sreenivasan. Aparna appeared in the Tamil film "Beast" (2022) and is slated to appear in "Priyan Ottathilanu", and "Drishti".


title: Dominic Perrottet

text: Dominic Francis Perrottet ( ; born 21 September 1982) is an Australian politician who is currently serving as the 46th premier of New South Wales and leader of the New South Wales division of the Liberal Party of Australia. He assumed office on 5 October 2021 following the resignation of Gladys Berejiklian.


title: Dominic Perrottet

text: Perrottet previously served as treasurer of New South Wales and deputy leader of the New South Wales Liberal Party from January 2017 to October 2021, and is a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly representing the seat of Epping since the 2019 state election. He represented Castle Hill from 2011 to 2015 and Hawkesbury from 2015 to 2019. Perrottet served as Minister for Industrial Relations in the first Berejiklian ministry and as Minister for Finance, Services and Property in the first and second Baird ministries.


title: Dominic Perrottet

text: Perrottet was born in 1982, and raised in West Pennant Hills, Sydney. He is the third-oldest of 12 children. His father, John Perrottet, works for the World Bank as the Global Lead for Tourism at the International Finance Corporation, in Washington, DC. Perrottet's family were members of the Catholic prelature, Opus Dei.


title: Dominic Perrottet

text: Perrottet was educated at private schools Oakhill College in Castle Hill and Redfield College in Dural. Perrottet was active in student politics while studying commerce and law at the University of Sydney and campaigned for voluntary student unionism. He went on to work as a commercial lawyer for Henry Davis York in the areas of banking restructuring and insolvency law.


title: Dominic Perrottet

text: Perrottet was the President of the NSW Young Liberals Movement in 2005 and served on the NSW State Executive of the Liberal Party from 2008 to 2011.


title: Dominic Perrottet

text: Following the resignation of sitting Liberal MP Michael Richardson, Perrottet won Liberal preselection for the very safe Liberal seat of Castle Hill in November 2010, with the backing of right-wing power broker David Clarke. Clarke battled against Alex Hawke, Federal Member for Mitchell, to gain control of preselections. At the 2011 state election, Perrottet was elected with a swing of 12.2 per cent, and won 80.8 per cent of the vote on a two party preferred basis.


title: Dominic Perrottet

text: With the resignation of Barry O'Farrell as Premier, and the subsequent ministerial reshuffle by Mike Baird, the new Liberal Leader, Perrottet was appointed as Minister for Finance and Services in April 2014.


title: Dominic Perrottet

text: Following a redistribution of electoral boundaries, Perrottet traded seats with fellow Liberal Ray Williams for the 2015 state election. Perrottet handed Castle Hill to Williams to run in Williams' equally safe seat of Hawkesbury. Perrottet was elected with 68 per cent of the two-party preferred vote.


title: Dominic Perrottet

text: After the resignation of Baird as Premier, the main factions of the NSW Liberals agreed to support his deputy, Gladys Berejiklian, as his successor, with Perrottet as her deputy. Berejiklian is from the party's moderate wing, while Perrottet is from the conservative wing. Accordingly, on 23 January 2017, Berejiklian and Perrottet were unanimously elected as leader and deputy leader of the NSW Liberal Party. Later that day, Berejiklian was sworn in as New South Wales' second female Premier. When Berejiklian reshuffled her ministry, Perrottet took over her former ministerial roles as Treasurer and Minister for Industrial Relations, with effect from 30 January 2017.


title: Dominic Perrottet

text: In the lead up to the 2019 state election, Perrottet attempted to wrest Castle Hill back from Williams, citing work-life balance as Hawkesbury was too far for him to travel. This was unsuccessful, with Williams retaining the Liberal preselection, and resulted in media reports of significant party infighting and Perrottet publicly apologising. Eventually, Perrottet abandoned the Hawkesbury preselection, and he settled on his second-choice, the equally safe seat of Epping. At the 2019 state election Perrottet was elected as Member for Epping and reappointed as Treasurer in the second Berejiklian ministry.


title: Dominic Perrottet

text: Perrottet's record as NSW Treasurer was marred by allegations that his department mismanaged the state's workers compensation scheme, icare. A combined investigation by "The Age", "The Sydney Morning Herald" and ABC TV's "Four Corners" found that icare had underpaid as many as 52,000 injured workers by up to $80 million and that the organisation was close to collapse. Following the investigation, NSW's workers' compensation regulator State Insurance Regulatory Authority (SIRA) announced in August 2020 that it would be applying increased scrutiny to icare's 2020 financial audit. icare was also accused of improperly handling private sector contracts. The Information and Privacy Commission NSW found that icare had not publicly registered 422 contracts since 2015, each worth more than $150,000. These contracts include some being awarded without a competitive tender to companies associated with Liberal Party figures, such as marketing firm IVE Group being awarded millions of dollars in contracts. IVE Group is run by former NSW Liberal party president Geoff Selig.


title: Dominic Perrottet

text: An internal note among senior figures in the NSW Treasury in 2018 raised a concern that "a direct line to [Perrottet] means icare often bypasses Treasury". "The Sydney Morning Herald" reported on the note in 2020 and noted that other concerns raised included icare's non-compliance with recruitment policies and limited disclosures of capital expenditures. Scrutiny of Perrottet's close relationship with icare prompted him to direct Treasury Secretary Michael Pratt to audit the Treasurer's staffing arrangements, which the NSW Labor Party criticised as a "sham" as the Secretary was a former deputy chairman of icare.


title: Dominic Perrottet

text: In April 2021, NSW Parliament's Law and Justice Committee tabled its 2020 review of the Workers' Compensation Scheme. The report highlighted the deteriorating financial position of the scheme, a fall in return to work rates and an increase in claim costs, including medical expenses. The committee's chairman said "icare's decision and ambitious approach to implementing a new claims management model has also played a role, to the detriment of injured workers and the public". A statutory review by the NSW Government was released on the same day, with the reviewer the Hon Robert McDougall QC saying execution of the program was "sloppy" and "the result of these shortcomings was that procurements for the [Nominal Insurer] — often involving very large sums of money — were conducted on an opaque basis".


title: Dominic Perrottet

text: Perrottet advocated strongly for business activity in the face of lockdowns and advice from health officials. During the northern beaches lockdown at the end of 2020, he suggested that the state's Chief Health Officer, Kerry Chant, take a pay cut if Sydney or its suburbs were unnecessarily locked down. Perrottet also pushed the federal government to reinstate JobKeeper payments for Sydney residents in July 2021 as a new wave of infections was beginning.


title: Dominic Perrottet

text: As Treasurer, Perrottet has been one of the architects of the JobSaver program and has overseen micro business support payments, payroll tax waivers and deferrals, vouchers for spending in CBD businesses and other support for businesses affected by the epidemic.


title: Dominic Perrottet

text: Perrottet opposed his cabinet colleagues and the advice of NSW Health when they extended a COVID lockdown on 7 July 2021.


title: Dominic Perrottet

text: In early October 2021, after becoming Premier, Perrottet unveiled an accelerated roadmap out of lockdown with some key changes to attendance limits at indoor and outdoor gatherings. The changes were not endorsed by the NSW Chief Health Officer, who had warned that the changes came with increased risks but that it was ultimately a decision for the government.


title: Dominic Perrottet

text: On 3 October 2021, following the resignation of Premier Gladys Berejiklian, Perrottet was nominated to run as NSW Liberal Party leader, with Stuart Ayres, the Minister for Jobs, Investment, Tourism and Western Sydney, as his deputy. Having struck a deal with party powerbrokers, he was elected leader by the Liberal party room when it met on 5 October, and was sworn in as premier later that day. At 39 years of age, Perrottet became the youngest premier in New South Wales history, surpassing the previous record held by Nathan Rees, who was 40 when he first took office.


title: Dominic Perrottet

text: In April 2022, his government passed an anti-protest law, which was criticised by human rights groups as being repressive and anti-democratic. The new law would see protesters who block rail, ports and roads jailed for 2 years and fined 22,000 dollars for "disruption."


title: Dominic Perrottet

text: In June 2022, the Perrottet government announced plans to fly the Aboriginal flag on the Sydney Harbour Bridge, at the cost of 25 million dollars. This was seen as a hypocritical move by some, as in 2018 he lashed out at the same proposal by then-Opposition Leader Luke Foley, branding the proposal as 'virtue signaling.'


title: Dominic Perrottet

text: In late June 2022, controversy arose following the appointment of former Deputy Premier John Barilaro to a lucrative trade role. Controversy focused over the allegations that the appointment and selection process was interfered with and adjusted in favour of Barilaro, with specific focus placed on Trade Minister and deputy Liberal leader Stuart Ayres, with Investment NSW boss Amy Brown stating that he was "not at arms length from the process." Ayres resigned as a result from the fallout in early August 2022, being replaced as deputy Liberal leader by Treasurer Matt Kean. Controversy also came from Perrottet's perceived poor handling of the situation, reports that he told Barilaro to "go for it", and allegations that he promised Transport Minister David Elliott a job outside of politics, some reports stating that he was offered the position of Governor.


title: Dominic Perrottet

text: In late July 2022, further controversy emerged over allegations of bullying and mistreatment of staff by then-Fair Trading Minister Eleni Petinos, resulting in her sacking from the cabinet. Soon after, the resignation letter of the then-NSW Building Commisioner was released, blaming relations with Petinos for his decision. Allegations were also raised of potential interference between Petinos and removals of stop work orders placed on development company Coronation Property, a company employing Barilaro and implicated with links to gangs.


title: Dominic Perrottet

text: Towards the end of September, opinion polls showed significant drops in popularity with Labor establishing a substantial lead over the Coalition, drops widely linked with the fallout from the controversies.


title: Dominic Perrottet

text: Perrottet is the leader of the National Right or right-wing faction of the NSW Liberal Party. Previously backed to be Premier of NSW by conservative former Prime Minister John Howard, Perrottet was described by the "Australian Financial Review" as the "great hope in Australia for political conservatives". Perrottet is a conservative Catholic; he voted against decriminalising abortion in 2019 and voluntary euthanasia legislation in 2021.


title: Dominic Perrottet

text: Perrottet praised the US election of Donald Trump in a 2016 Facebook post, saying it represented "a victory for people who have been taken for granted by the elites of the political establishment" and that it was "time for a conservative spring".


title: Dominic Perrottet

text: In his maiden speech to New South Wales Parliament in 2011 he stated a belief in "exercising freedom [so] that individuals can develop the habits of generosity, hard work, fairness and concern for others". He also stated that traditionalism and libertarianism are both "vital and necessary strands of the fabric of conservative thought" and that the Liberal Party should embrace both. He stated opposition to "more social engineering, more welfare handouts... more government spending and intervention in our lives".


title: Tauriel

text: Tauriel is a fictional character from Peter Jackson's feature film adaptation of J.R.R. Tolkien's "The Hobbit". The character does not appear in the original book, but was created by Peter Jackson, Philippa Boyens, and Fran Walsh as an expansion of material adapted from the book. She appears in the second and third films in that trilogy, "" and "".


title: Tauriel

text: She is a Woodland Elf whose name has been translated as "Daughter of the forest", and is the head of the Mirkwood Elven guard. She is played by Canadian actress Evangeline Lilly, who was nominated for several awards for her performance in "The Desolation of Smaug", with some of the stunt work performed by Australian stuntwoman Ingrid Kleinig.


title: Tauriel

text: The character of Tauriel was created for the films, having no equivalent character in the original novel. She first appears in the second film of the trilogy, "The Desolation of Smaug", released December 13, 2013. Prior to the decision to have three films instead of two, Tauriel was described as having a more substantial role in what was then the final film, "", which had been planned for release in 2013, but was finalized as the third part of the trilogy, which was released in December 2014.


title: Tauriel

text: In "The Desolation of Smaug", the hobbit Bilbo Baggins, and thirteen dwarves, while traveling to Lonely Mountain, pass through the black forest of Mirkwood, where they are attacked and captured by giant spiders. The spiders are then attacked by the Wood Elves, led by Legolas and Tauriel. Tauriel in particular saves Kíli by killing two spiders that attacked him, but the Elves subsequently take the dwarves as prisoners for trespassing on their land.


title: Tauriel

text: It is later mentioned that Tauriel is a talented warrior and was therefore made leader of the Mirkwood border guards. Legolas, the son of Mirkwood's Elven king Thranduil, is indicated to be attracted to her, but as she is a lowly Silvan Elf, she does not believe herself worthy of him. Thranduil, in fact, makes it clear that he does not consider her to be a suitable match for his son and warns her not to give Legolas false hope.


title: Tauriel

text: During the dwarves' imprisonment, Tauriel forms a romantic bond with Kíli. When the dwarves escape with Bilbo's help, the pursuing Elves are attacked by orcs, during which Tauriel again uses her fighting skills to save Kíli, though Kíli is struck in the leg with an orc's arrow, which Tauriel later learns from a captured orc is a Morgul-cursed weapon that will slowly kill him. Just before Thranduil seals off his kingdom upon learning that an evil entity has returned and is amassing great power in the south, Tauriel goes after the dwarves. Legolas follows, and initially tries to convince her to return, but when Tauriel refuses, saying that the Elves are part of Middle-earth and will be drawn into this inevitable war, Legolas joins her pursuit.


title: Tauriel

text: After acquiring provisions at Esgaroth, the dwarves leave for the Lonely Mountain. Kíli, Fili, Bofur and Óin stay behind, with Kíli suffering from the effects of the poison. By the time Tauriel and Legolas reach Esgaroth, the dwarves are being attacked by orcs. They repel the invaders, and Tauriel uses her knowledge of herbs and elvish medicine to heal Kíli's wound, saving his life once again.


title: Tauriel

text: In "", during Smaug's attack on Esgaroth, Tauriel and the dwarves facilitate the evacuation of Bard's family, though Bain leaves their company and helps Bard kill Smaug. The following morning, as the dwarves set out for Erebor to rejoin their company, Kíli asks Tauriel to come with them, but her duties with Legolas forces them to part. When a messenger from Thranduil arrives to announce her banishment from the Mirkwood Realm for disobeying his orders, she joins Legolas in investigating the old fortress Gundabad, where they witness the departure of an army led by Bolg to join the forces of his father Azog marching against Erebor.


title: Tauriel

text: Hurrying towards the mountain, the two Elves arrive in the thick of the Battle of the Five Armies. When Tauriel witnesses Thranduil attempting to leave the battlefield, with the intent of sparing his people further bloodshed, she accuses him of turning away and abandoning the dwarves to be slaughtered. Thranduil states that the dwarves are fated to die, as they are mortal and thus the timing of their demise does not matter. Tauriel then nocks an arrow; pointing it at Thranduil as she queries him whether he believes his life is more valuable than those of dwarves, and proclaims that he is devoid of love. Thranduil, dismissing the notion that Tauriel's regard for Kíli is genuine love, destroys her bow and threatens her life. However, he backs down when his son Legolas intervenes saying, "If you harm her, you will have to kill me." Learning that Kíli had joined Thorin's pursuit of Azog, she and Legolas hurry to Azog's command post, the Ravenhill, to aid the dwarves.


title: Tauriel

text: Running to find Kíli, Tauriel is intercepted and brought to her knees by Bolg. Before the Orc can strike the fatal blow, however, Kíli intervenes on her behalf, and Bolg kills him instead. In retaliation, Tauriel tackles Bolg, throwing him and herself off a ruined platform onto the rocks beneath, thus leading to Bolg's final battle with Legolas, who kills Bolg. Following the resolution of the battle, Thranduil finds Tauriel weeping over Kíli's body, acknowledging that her feelings for the young dwarf were indeed genuine.


title: Tauriel

text: In 1937 J. R. R. Tolkien published the fantasy novel "The Hobbit", whose plot centres on a group consisting of the titular Bilbo Baggins, Gandalf the wizard and thirteen dwarves, who go in search of a treasure guarded by the dragon, Smaug. During the course of their travels, they enter the black forest of Mirkwood, where they find themselves in the dungeons of the Silvan Elves. During the climactic Battle of Five Armies at the end of the story, the dwarves, men and elves band together to fight an army of goblins and Wargs.


title: Tauriel

text: Although the character Tauriel does not appear in this story, she was created to be the head of the Elven guard by Peter Jackson and his writing partners Philippa Boyens and Fran Walsh (who is also Jackson's wife and producing partner) in order to expand the world of the elves of Mirkwood Forest, and to bring another woman to the cast, which is otherwise dominated by men. The character Tauriel is a Silvan Elf, which means she is of a much lower order than the elves that had previously been seen in "The Lord of the Rings" film series, and holds a lower social status than characters like Arwen, Galadriel, Elrond, and Legolas. A Woodland Elf, her name has been translated as "Forest Daughter."


title: Tauriel

text: In June 2011 Peter Jackson announced that actress Evangeline Lilly, who was known for her portrayal of Kate Austen in the ABC television drama "Lost", was cast in the role. Lilly, who had been a fan of Tolkien's books since she was 13, expressed some trepidation at the reaction of Tolkien purists to a character that does not appear in Tolkien's written works, but stated that creating the character for the adaptation was justified: "I believe she is authentic, because Tolkien refers to The Woodland Elves, he just doesn't talk about who they are specifically… [Peter and Fran] know that world so well. They’re not going to create a character that is not true to Tolkien's world." Nonetheless, following the June 12, 2013 release of the first trailer for the film, some fans expressed dissatisfaction with the creation of a character that did not originate in the source material.


title: Tauriel

text: As head of the Elven guard, Lilly says of Tauriel, "She's slightly reckless and totally ruthless and doesn't hesitate to kill." Lilly also describes Tauriel as a nonconformist, explaining that as a result of her relative youth among Elves, she is brash and impulsive, tending to rebel against the established social order of the Elves. Lilly explains, "She's only 600 years old, she's just a baby. So she's a bit more impulsive, and she's a bit more immature. I think she's more easily romanticized by a lot of things." Alluding to Tauriel's pursuit of the dwarves in "The Desolation of Smaug" after Thranduil closes his kingdom's borders and forbids any interference on the part of Elves in outside affairs, and her refusal to fight alongside him in "The Battle of the Five Armies", Lilly explains, "In a very out of character move for an elf, she's broken ranks and disobeyed authority. That's driven from her own conviction about what is right and what is wrong. She feels so much at odds with Thranduil, that she feels the need to defy him. I think that any defiant role that boxes authority is an easy fit for me, because in life I'm a little bit like that."


title: Tauriel

text: However, Tauriel also has a "softer side", and her character arc includes a love story. Though she and Legolas first met as children, and their relationship is significant, her romantic arc is not with him, as she develops a mutual attraction to the dwarf Kíli. Legolas' father, the Elven king Thranduil, is fond of Tauriel, and "sees something very special in her", though she understands that Thranduil would not approve of her pairing with his son, which Thranduil confirms in "The Desolation of Smaug" when he tells her not to give Legolas false hope of such a relationship. Lilly accepted the role under the condition that her role in "The Hobbit" would "not" include a love triangle. When she was called back into production for reshoots following the decision to split the story into three films instead of two, she was told that such a plot device would indeed be added to the story.


title: Tauriel

text: Filming of Tauriel's scenes began in September 2011 in New Zealand, and was expected to last a year. Lilly stated that she enjoyed the relaxed atmosphere of the set, and the familiar experience of filming with a male-dominated cast, which was reminiscent of her work on "Lost" and "The Hurt Locker". Lilly employed a language coach in order to effect the Elvish language.


title: Tauriel

text: In addition to the red wig she wore to effect Tauriel's knee-length red hair, Lilly, when given a choice of wearing small, medium or large prosthetic ears, chose the large ones, which are three times the size of the prosthetics Orlando Bloom wore as Legolas, though Lilly believed that the length of her hair would distract attention from the ears. In terms of costuming, unlike previous female Elves who were noblewomen that wore complex formal gowns, Tauriel is a border guard and soldier, and therefore wears more pragmatic Elven military garb. The character is proficient in a variety of weapons, but mainly wields a bow and two daggers, weapons that are also used by the character Legolas, who also appears with her in "The Hobbit" films.