title: European bass

text: There are two genetically distinct populations of wild European bass. The first is found in the northeast Atlantic Ocean, and the second is in the western Mediterranean Sea. The two populations are separated by a relatively narrow distance in a region known as the Almeria-Oran oceanographic front, located east of the Spanish city of Almería. The exact reason for this separation is unknown, as the geographic divide should not account for the lack of gene flow between the two populations. The larval stage of the European bass can last up to 3 months, during which it cannot swim well, and even a small amount of water flow should transport some individuals between the two regions. In addition, juveniles can survive temperature and salinity changes, and adults can migrate hundreds of miles.


title: European bass

text: European bass habitats include estuaries, lagoons, coastal waters, and rivers. It is found in a large part of the eastern Atlantic Ocean, from southern Norway to Senegal. It can also be found in the entire Mediterranean Sea and in the southern Black Sea but is absent from the Baltic sea. It is a seasonally migratory species, moving further inshore and north in summer.


title: European bass

text: The European bass is mostly a night hunter, feeding on small fish, polychaetes, cephalopods, and crustaceans. They spawn from March to June, mostly in inshore waters. As fry they are pelagic, but as they develop, they move into estuaries, where they stay for a year or two.


title: European bass

text: Annual catches of wild European bass are relatively modest, fluctuating between 8,500 and 11,900 tonnes from 2000–2009. Most reported catches originate from the Atlantic Ocean, with France typically reporting the highest catches. In the Mediterranean, Italy used to report the largest catches but has been surpassed by Egypt.


title: European bass

text: The fish has come under increasing pressure from commercial fishing and became the focus in the United Kingdom of a conservation effort by recreational anglers. The Republic of Ireland has strict laws regarding bass. All commercial fishing for the species is banned, and several restrictions are in place for recreational anglers, a closed season May 15 – June 15 inclusive every year, a minimum size of , and a bag limit of two fish per day. In a scientific advisory (June 2013), it is stressed that fishing mortality is increasing. The total biomass has been declining since 2005. Total biomass assumed as the best stock size indicator in the last two years (2011–2012) was 32% lower than the total biomass in the three previous years (2008–2010).


title: European bass

text: European bass was one of Europe's first fish to be farmed commercially. Historically, they were cultured in coastal lagoons and tidal reservoirs before mass-production techniques were developed in the late 1960s. It is the most important commercial fish widely cultured in the Mediterranean. Greece, Turkey, Italy, Spain, Croatia, and Egypt are the most important farming countries. Annual production was more than 120,000 tonnes in 2010.


title: Patriot (American Revolution)

text: Patriots, also known as Revolutionaries, Continentals, Rebels, or American Whigs, were the colonists of the Thirteen Colonies who rejected British rule during the American Revolution, and declared the United States of America an independent nation in July 1776. Their decision was based on the political philosophy of republicanism—as expressed by such spokesmen as Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Thomas Paine. They were opposed by the Loyalists, who supported continued British rule.


title: Patriot (American Revolution)

text: Patriots represented the spectrum of social, economic, and ethnic backgrounds. They included lawyers such as John Adams, students such as Alexander Hamilton, planters such as Thomas Jefferson and George Mason, merchants such as Alexander McDougall and John Hancock, and farmers such as Daniel Shays and Joseph Plumb Martin. They also included slaves and freemen such as Crispus Attucks, one of the first casualties of the American Revolution; James Armistead Lafayette, who served as a double agent for the Continental Army; and Jack Sisson, leader of the first successful black operation mission in American history under the command of Colonel William Barton, resulting in the capture of British General Richard Prescott.


title: Patriot (American Revolution)

text: The critics of British policy towards the colonies called themselves "Whigs" after 1768, identifying with members of the British Whig party who favored similar colonial policies. Samuel Johnson writes that at the time, the word "patriot" had a negative connotation and was used as a negative epithet for "a factious disturber of the government".


title: Patriot (American Revolution)

text: Prior to the Revolution, colonists who supported British authority called themselves "Tories" or "royalists", identifying with the political philosophy of traditionalist conservatism dominant in Great Britain. During the Revolution, these persons became known primarily as "Loyalists". Afterward, some 15% of Loyalists emigrated north to the remaining British territories in Canada. There they called themselves the United Empire Loyalists. 85% of the Loyalists decided to stay in the new United States and were granted American citizenship.


title: Patriot (American Revolution)

text: Many Patriots were active before 1775 in groups such as the Sons of Liberty, and the most prominent leaders are referred to today by Americans as the Founding Fathers. They represented a cross-section of the population of the Thirteen Colonies and came from many different backgrounds. According to Robert Calhoon, between 40 and 45 percent of the white population in the Thirteen Colonies supported the Patriots' cause, between 15 and 20 percent supported the Loyalists, and the remainder were neutral or kept a low profile. The great majority of the Loyalists remained in America, while the minority went to Canada, Britain, Florida, or the West Indies.


title: Patriot (American Revolution)

text: Historians have explored the motivations that pulled men to one side or the other. Yale historian Leonard Woods Labaree used the published and unpublished writings and letters of leading men on each side, searching for how personality shaped their choice. He finds eight characteristics that differentiated the two groups. Loyalists were older, better established, and more likely to resist innovation than the Patriots. Loyalists felt that the Crown was the legitimate government and resistance to it was morally wrong, while the Patriots felt that morality was on their side because the British government had violated the constitutional rights of Englishmen. Men who were alienated by physical attacks on Royal officials took the Loyalist position, while those who were offended by heavy-handed British response to actions such as the Boston Tea Party became Patriots. Merchants in the port cities with long-standing financial attachments to Britain were likely to remain loyal to the system, while few Patriots were so deeply enmeshed in the system. Some Loyalists, according to Labaree, were "procrastinators" who believed that independence was bound to come some day, but wanted to "postpone the moment", while the Patriots wanted to "seize the moment". Loyalists were cautious and afraid of anarchy or tyranny that might come from mob rule; Patriots made a systematic effort to take a stand against the British government. Finally, Labaree argues that Loyalists were pessimists who lacked the Patriots' confidence that independence lay ahead.


title: Patriot (American Revolution)

text: The Patriots rejected taxes imposed by legislatures in which the taxpayer was not represented. "No taxation without representation" was their slogan, referring to the lack of representation in the British Parliament. The British countered that there was "virtual representation" in the sense that all members of Parliament represented the interests of all the citizens of the British Empire. Some Patriots declared that they were loyal to the king, but they insisted that they should be free to run their own affairs. In fact, they had been running their own affairs since the period of "salutary neglect" before the French and Indian War. Some radical Patriots tarred and feathered tax collectors and customs officers, making those positions dangerous; according to Benjamin Irvin, the practice was especially prevalent in Boston where many Patriots lived.


title: America's Got Talent (season 17)

text: The seventeenth season of the American talent show competition series "America's Got Talent" premiered on NBC on May 31, 2022, and concluded on September 14, 2022. This season featured the return of a full audience without COVID-19 restrictions, which had begun during the fifteenth season.


title: America's Got Talent (season 17)

text: The season was won by dance group Mayyas, with pole dancer Kristy Sellars finishing second, and singer and guitarist Drake Milligan placing third.


title: America's Got Talent (season 17)

text: On March 31, 2022, it was announced that the entire main cast from the previous season would return for the new season and that the season would premiere on May 31. Originally, host Terry Crews announced the 'end of an era' in September 2021, stating that the season sixteen finale of "America's Got Talent" and the series finale of "Brooklyn Nine-Nine" had marked the end of his deal with NBC.


title: America's Got Talent (season 17)

text: Judge Howie Mandel was partially absent from the June 14, July 19, and August 2 episodes, and was entirely absent in the July 12 episode, due to contracting COVID-19 at the 2022 Kids' Choice Awards. Additionally, judge Sofía Vergara was absent from the judge deliberations at Simon Cowell's house.


title: America's Got Talent (season 17)

text: The live shows for the season were held at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium, the same venue where auditions have been filmed since season eleven. The live shows had been held at the Dolby Theatre since the same season, excluding season fifteen, during which the live shows were held at Universal Studios Hollywood.


title: America's Got Talent (season 17)

text: Judge Simon Cowell and host Terry Crews featured their favorite Golden Buzzer recipients from the previous seasons in a special retrospective episode on July 5. Singer Nightbirde from season sixteen was ranked as the number one Golden Buzzer in "AGT" history. Inspired by Nightbirde, who died from cancer in February 2022, Lebanese dance group Mayyas previously honored her during an audition episode on June 21. They received a Golden Buzzer from judge Sofía Vergara.


title: America's Got Talent (season 17)

text: For the second time in "AGT" history (the first in season sixteen), a group Golden Buzzer was given by all the judges and host on the July 19 episode, to country trio Chapel Hart for their original song "You Can Have Him Jolene".


title: America's Got Talent (season 17)

text: Unlike previous seasons of "AGT", the live show format was changed to accommodate the top 55 acts, which were divided into five qualifying rounds of eleven acts (two acts from each qualifying round plus a wildcard advanced to the finals), instead of the usual quarter-final and semi-final rounds. In the judge deliberations portion of the episode aired on August 2, the judges selected 54 of the top 55 spots. Following this episode, a public vote was opened to allow viewers to vote the last act into the live shows. Danger act Auzzy Blood, singers Ben Waites and Debbii Dawson, and comedian Jordan Conley were all in contention for the final spot in the top 55. During the August 9 live show, it was announced that Conley had won the America's Wildcard vote.


title: America's Got Talent (season 17)

text: During the final qualifying round results show on September 7, an Instant Save vote was held for viewers to send a final wildcard into the finals. The four acts included in this vote were acts that were eliminated in the live shows, with each act selected by one of the judges; Mandel selected Don McMillan, Klum selected Lily Meola, Vergara selected Celia Muñoz, and Cowell selected Players Choir. Celia Muñoz ultimately won the public vote, taking the last spot in the season's finals.


title: Lynn Shelton

text: Lynn Shelton (August 27, 1965 – May 16, 2020) was an American filmmaker, known for writing, directing, and producing such films as "Humpday" and "Your Sister's Sister". She was associated with the mumblecore genre.


title: Lynn Shelton

text: Shelton was born in Oberlin, Ohio, and raised in Seattle, Washington. She described herself as having been audacious as a young girl, but having lost confidence in her creativity in adolescence. This experience contributed to a theme she explored in her 2005 film "We Go Way Back".


title: Lynn Shelton

text: Shelton attended Garfield High School. After high school, Shelton attended Oberlin College in Ohio and then the University of Washington School of Drama. She then moved to New York and followed the Master's of Fine Arts program in photography and related media at the School of Visual Arts in Manhattan. Her thesis advisor was Peggy Ahwesh.


title: Lynn Shelton

text: She began working in the film industry as a film editor and made a series of experimental short films which have been described as "accomplished" and providing the basis for the "subtle, almost anthropological scrutiny" brought to bear in her later works.


title: Lynn Shelton

text: Among the jobs she held to support her film career was working aboard a fishing trawler in the Bering Sea.


title: Lynn Shelton

text: Shelton had wanted to be a director, but was worried that being in her mid-30s, it was too late to begin. When she saw French director Claire Denis speak at Seattle's Northwest Film Forum in 2003, Denis revealed she was 40 when she directed her first feature film, and that revelation made Shelton realize that she still had plenty of time.


title: Lynn Shelton

text: In 2004, Shelton began writing and directing her first feature film, "We Go Way Back". Described as "polished" and "impressionistic", the film depicts a 23-year-old actress, Kate, confronted by her 13-year-old self. The dialog between the older and younger Kates begins in memory, and then climaxes in an apparitional experience with the specter of her own, repressed, precocious youth. "We Go Way Back" premiered at the Slamdance Film Festival in 2006.


title: Lynn Shelton

text: In 2008, Shelton's dark comedy "My Effortless Brilliance" played at South by Southwest and Maryland Film Festival.


title: Lynn Shelton

text: Her film "Humpday" premiered at Sundance, was acquired by Magnolia Pictures, and has been shown at Cannes, SIFF, South by Southwest and other film festivals. It opened in theaters in New York and Seattle on July 10, 2009.


title: Lynn Shelton

text: Her film "Your Sister's Sister" premiered in 2011 at the Toronto International Film Festival. The film starred Emily Blunt, Rosemarie DeWitt, and Mark Duplass. When asked about exploring the relationship between sisters in a 2012 interview with FF2 Media's Jan Lisa Huttner, Shelton said:Everybody has had that experience of going home for Thanksgiving and starting to act ten years old again because they're in the same situation with their parents and their siblings. So you get back into this rut again of who you were when you were first becoming a grownup. It's not until you get out that you can break out of those bonds, but we still get trapped by them when we return."Touchy Feely" premiered at Sundance Film Festival in 2013, where it was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize. It starred Rosemarie DeWitt, Allison Janney, and Elliot Page.


title: Lynn Shelton

text: "Laggies" was the first film Shelton directed that she had not also written. The film starred Keira Knightley and Chloë Grace Moretz, and premiered at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival where it was acquired by A24 Films.


title: Lynn Shelton

text: In 2015, Shelton was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences' Director's Branch.


title: Lynn Shelton

text: In 2017, her film "Outside In" premiered at Toronto International Film Festival. It starred Jay Duplass, Edie Falco, Kaitlyn Dever, and Ben Schwartz.


title: Lynn Shelton

text: Her 2019 comedy "Sword of Trust" had its world premiere at South by Southwest. In it, Cynthia (Jillian Bell) inherits a sword from her deceased grandfather, which he believed proves the South won the Civil War.


title: Lynn Shelton

text: Shelton directed episodes for TV shows since 2009 including "The Good Place", "GLOW", "New Girl", "Mad Men", "Casual" and, in 2020, the Hulu miniseries "Little Fires Everywhere", starring Kerry Washington and Reese Witherspoon.


title: Lynn Shelton

text: Shelton described her approach to comedy as doing the opposite:When we were on set, it was really essential that none of us—not the actors or myself either—think that we're in “a comedy,” because that's when I find (especially with improvisation) you start reaching for jokes. You start sort of “soft-shoeing,” and trying to entertain people, and I don’t want that.


title: Lynn Shelton

text: I want us to just always be playing to the truth of the scene and I really have no idea how many laughs there are going to be. We're playing it so straight that it's really hard to tell the forest for the trees.


title: Lynn Shelton

text: A week prior to her death, Shelton revealed she was in the process of co-writing a dramatic film with Marc Maron.


title: Lynn Shelton

text: In a 2020 post made on her Instagram page, Shelton clipped a picture from the movie YOU CAN COUNT ON ME(2000), written and directed by Kenneth Lonergan. The caption she writes "I don't know if I could ever make a film as perfect and incredible as this one, but boy oh boy would I like to try" strongly suggests that the film (and perhaps Lonergan) had a profound influence on her decision to become a filmmaker.


title: Lynn Shelton

text: Shelton came out as bisexual in 2012. She was married to actor Kevin Seal, with whom she had a son, Milo Seal. Shelton was in a relationship with stand-up comedian Marc Maron at the time of her death.


title: Lynn Shelton

text: Shelton died of acute myeloid leukemia in Los Angeles on May 16, 2020, at age 54, after several days of ill health.


title: Lynn Shelton

text: In 2020, Northwest Film Forum and Duplass Brothers Productions launched the Lynn Shelton “Of a Certain Age” Grant. This $25,000 unrestricted cash grant supports a woman or non-binary US-based filmmaker, age 39 or older, who has yet to direct a narrative feature. The grant's details are inspired by Shelton’s own path as a filmmaker.


title: Lynn Shelton

text: In August 2020, The American Cinematheque hosted an online tribute event for Shelton, featuring Gillian Jacobs, Kerry Washington, Reese Witherspoon, and more.


title: The Soft Parade

text: The Soft Parade is the fourth studio album by American rock band the Doors, released on July 18, 1969, by Elektra Records. Most of the album was recorded following a grueling tour during which the band was left with little time to compose new material. Record producer Paul A. Rothchild recommended a total departure from the Doors' first three albums: develop a fuller sound by incorporating brass and string arrangements provided by Paul Harris. Lead singer Jim Morrison, who was dealing with personal issues and focusing more on his poetry, was less involved in the songwriting process, allowing guitarist Robby Krieger the opportunity to increase his own creative output.


title: The Soft Parade

text: The album peaked at number six on the "Billboard" 200, but it failed to retain audiences in the UK and other European countries that their previous album, "Waiting for the Sun", had succeeded in engaging. Three preceding singles, "Touch Me", "Wishful Sinful", and "Tell All the People", were included on "The Soft Parade", with the former becoming another Top 10 hit for the Doors. Another single, "Runnin' Blue", also followed the album's distribution. Upon release, "The Soft Parade" was denounced by both music critics and the band's underground music scene followers, who viewed the album as the Doors' trending into popular music. Over time, historians have reassessed the album and its critical standing has slightly improved, but it is still widely considered the group's weakest effort with Morrison.


title: The Soft Parade

text: By mid-1968, the Doors had established themselves as one of the most popular groups in the US. The band's third studio album, "Waiting for the Sun", released in July of the same year, became the Doors' only number one hit on the "Billboard" 200, while also spawning their second single to peak at number one with "Hello, I Love You". The album was the first commercial breakthrough for the band in the UK, reaching number 16 on the UK Albums Chart. After the release of "Waiting for the Sun", the Doors commanded substantial performance fees and played before large crowds in arenas such as the L.A. Forum, the Hollywood Bowl, and Madison Square Garden. Additionally, local Los Angeles Top 40 radio stations, particularly KHJ Radio, which had previously refused to play the band's records, began sponsoring the Doors' live performances. Initial sessions for the album occurred on July 26, 1968 when the band recorded "Wild Child" and "Wishful Sinful" ("Easy Ride" was a "Waiting for the Sun" leftover, captured on March 3, 1968). In September 1968, the group played dates in Europe, along with Jefferson Airplane, before ending their long, grueling touring schedule with nine concerts back in the US. While the 1968 tours managed to capitalize on the chart success of "Waiting for the Sun", it also left little time for the Doors to compose new songs for "The Soft Parade", having already exhausted all the material from Morrison's songbooks.


title: The Soft Parade

text: Morrison, a self-professed "acid-evangelist of rock", had been fascinated with the public media outlets and frequently coined buzzwords and phrases to generate attention for the Doors. The band's rise to stardom and publications drawing Morrison as a sex symbol, however, drastically modified his outlook on pop culture. Throughout 1968, Morrison's behavior became increasingly erratic: he began drinking heavily and distanced himself from studio work to focus on his more immediate passions, poetry and film making. At the time, Morrison was also struggling with anxiety, and felt like he was on the brink of a nervous breakdown. He considered quitting the Doors, but was persuaded by keyboardist Ray Manzarek to finish recording "The Soft Parade" before making such a decision.


title: The Soft Parade

text: In November 1968, the band entered the newly established studio Elektra Sound West on La Cienega Boulevard to continue work on "The Soft Parade", a process that was not completed until May 1969. Without any album-ready material to work with, record producer Paul A. Rothchild took control of the recording sessions and insisted on numerous retakes of songs, much to the group's indignation. "It was like pulling teeth to get Jim into it", sound engineer Bruce Botnick recalled. "It was bizarre ... the hardest I ever worked as a producer." Rothchild, who by this time was addicted to cocaine and incredibly strict in his leadership, caused severe strife in the studio, especially with his advisor Jac Holzman, who argued that the drive for perfection was "grinding them [The Doors] into the ground". The album was by far the most expensive by the group, costing US$80,000 to create in contrast to the US$10,000 required for their debut.


title: The Soft Parade

text: The Doors wanted to capitalize on the experimental climate in popular music at the time that brought about works like the Beatles' "White Album" and Jimi Hendrix's "Electric Ladyland", while redefining what could be accomplished within the rock medium. Looking for a new, creative sound, Rothchild hired Paul Harris to arrange string and orchestral arrangements for the Los Angeles Philharmonic and local jazz horn players. Session musicians Doug Lubahn and Harvey Brooks also served as additional bass guitarists. George Harrison of the Beatles attended several of the sessions and likened the album's musical style to the Beatles recordings. The music on "The Soft Parade" incorporated psychedelic rock, art rock, pop rock and experimental styles. Drummer John Densmore and Manzarek, who both had jazz backgrounds, asserted they were receptive to Rothchild's jazz concept: "We'd [Densmore and Manzarek] always talk about using some jazz musicianslet's put some horns and strings on, man, let's see what it would be like to record with a string section and a big horn section", recalled Manzarek.


title: The Soft Parade

text: Although Morrison was less involved in the Doors' studio sessions at this point, he demanded the band receive individual writing credits after initially refusing to sing Krieger's lyric, "Can't you see me growing, get your guns" on the track "Tell All the People". As a result, "The Soft Parade" was the first Doors album to list band members separately rather than collectively as "Songs by the Doors". Krieger continued to hone his songwriting skills to fill the void left by Morrison's absence. He wrote half of the album's tracks, while Morrison is credited with the other half (they share co-credits on "Do It"), ultimately creating an album that lacks the unified musical stance found on the Doors' early works.


title: The Soft Parade

text: Krieger's songs, written almost independently from the rest of the band, most noticeably incorporated the jazz influences that had been a part of the prevailing trend of popular rock music. Only his tracks, "Tell All the People", "Touch Me", "Runnin' Blue", and "Wishful Sinful", were written to include string and horn arrangements; Morrison, though not totally opposed to the concept, declined to go in the direction Densmore and Manzarek championed. "Touch Me" (penned under the working titles "Hit Me" and "I'm Gonna Love You") was chosen as the first single taken from "The Soft Parade", becoming one of the Doors' biggest hits. The band brought in the saxophone player Curtis Amy to perform a solo instrumental on the song, which was influenced by the works of John Coltrane.


title: The Soft Parade

text: Journalists Nathan Brackett and Christian Hoard found "Wild Child" as "Morrison parodying himself". "Shaman's Blues" and the title track were both examples of the singer's penchant for using symbolism and autobiographical insights. The latter song, a stylistic return to a lengthy track closing a Doors album, was penned with the help of Rothchild, who organized pieces of Morrison's poetry with him to align rhythmically and conceptually. Introduced with a mock-fiery sermon by Morrison, "The Soft Parade" displays his Southern roots through his portrayal as a preacher. The song's ambiance is heightened by the striking imagery which outlines a need for sanctuary, escape, and pleasure. Critic Doug Sundling noted that "The Soft Parade", with its display of acid rock and sunshine pop influences, is more diverse than any other Morrison composition.


title: The Soft Parade

text: "The Soft Parade" was released on July 18, 1969. It peaked at number six on the "Billboard" 200, during a chart stay of 28 weeks, but fared poorly in the UK where the album failed to reach the charts. The album's front cover photograph was taken by Joel Brodsky, who had also been responsible for the cover of the Doors' debut album and "Strange Days". Three singles had already been released prior to the album's distribution, much more than usual for a Doors album. The "Touch Me" single was released in December 1968 and became one of the band's biggest hits, reaching number three on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Two additional singles, "Wishful Sinful" and "Tell All the People", were also distributed but fared less favorably, peaking at numbers 44 and 57 respectively. Following the release of "The Soft Parade", the Doors earned another minor hit with the "Runnin' Blue" single, charting at number 64 upon its release in August 1969.


title: The Soft Parade

text: Although the album was a success at establishing the Doors in the pop market, it was rejected by the group's original audience and the underground scene, particularly for the album's use of horns and strings. The underground press was less than complimentary, with David Walkey, writing in New York's "East Village Other", stating the album was "badly messed up by the syrupy arrangement of Paul Rothchild and could be renamed, 'The Rothchild Strings Play the Doors'." Another scathing review by Miller Francis Jr. of "The Great Speckled Bird" expressed disdain for the Doors' attempt at art rock, feeling "The Soft Parade" "comes on so pretentious, like something written rather than something sung." Rob Cline of "Northwest Passage" questioned why a band like the Doors needed to record with violins and trombones when the group was "best when getting it on straight and hard as witness to their first two albums". "Jazz and Pop" magazine analyst Patricia Keneally, on the other hand, praised the band's experimentation, claiming, "most of it is very superior music and some is absolutely glorious". In "Rolling Stone", Alec Dubro found much of the songs to be "pale shadows of their earlier works". Reviewing for "The Village Voice" in January 1970, Robert Christgau wrote: "No one even thinks about the Doors any more—such is fame—but this is an acceptable record, with predictable pretensions and two or three first-rate songs ('Touch Me,' 'Wild Child'). Nothing to get excited about, either way."


title: The Soft Parade

text: Writer Richard Riegel evaluated the immediate impact of "The Soft Parade" on the Doors' reputation in the magazine "Creem" in 1981: "If "Waiting for the Sun" set a lot of older hippies to questioning their former perceptions of the Doors as Avatars of the avant-garde, then "The Soft Parade" finished off their interest in the group." In a review for AllMusic, Richie Unterberger was slightly more positive, writing that "about half the record is quite good, especially the huge hit 'Touch Me' (their most successful integration of orchestration)". However, Unterberger felt it is the "weakest studio album recorded with Jim Morrison", as well as "their weakest set of material, low lights including filler like 'Do It' and 'Runnin' Blue'." Writer James Riordan opined that, compared to prior albums, Morrison's contributions to "The Soft Parade" were lackluster, putting his credibility as a serious poet and songwriter on the line. Author Danny Sugerman in "No One Here Gets Out Alive" wrote "overall the lyric impact was less than it had been on previous albums... horns by some of the top local studio jazz musicians further blurred the once-lucid Doors sound". "MusicHound Rock" editors Gary Graff and Daniel Durcholz described the album as "uneven", but also expressed that it "tends toward the great and includes some of the band's most ambitious, original material."


title: The Soft Parade

text: In 1988, "The Soft Parade" was digitally remastered by Bruce Botnick and Paul A. Rothchild at Digital Magnetics, using the original master tapes. It was remastered again in 1999 for "The Complete Studio Recordings" box set by Bernie Grundman and Botnick at Bernie Grundman Mastering, using 96khz/24bit technology; it was also released as a standalone CD release. In 2006, the album was reissued on a CD/DVD set featuring the 2006 stereo and 5.1 remixes done by Botnick for the "Perception" box set, and it includes a clip of the Doors performing the title track live. The 2006 stereo remix was also released on a standalone CD release in 2007 with six bonus tracks including the rarities "Whisky, Mystics, and Men" and "Push Push"; this edition was mastered by Botnick at Uniteye. In 2009, it was reissued on 180g vinyl featuring the original mix, which was cut by Grundman. The same year, Audio Fidelity reissued the album on 24kt gold CD, remastered by Steve Hoffman.


title: The Soft Parade

text: Analogue Productions reissued the album on hybrid SACD (2013) and double 45 RPM vinyl (2012); both editions were mastered by Doug Sax and Sangwook Nam at The Mastering Lab. The CD layer of the Super Audio CD contains the original stereo mix while the SACD layer contains Botnick's 2006 5.1 surround mix. In 2019, Rhino Records released a 1-LP/3-CD deluxe edition to commemorate the album's 50th anniversary release, which was remastered by Botnick, utilizing the Plangent Process. The CDs are encoded with MQA technology. It included the namely "Doors only" versions of "Tell All the People", "Touch Me", "Runnin" Blue" and "Wishful Sinful", where the orchestral arrangements are removed and features some new overdubbed guitar parts by Krieger.


title: The Soft Parade

text: The 40th Anniversary edition includes a longer version of "The Soft Parade", running to over 9:41 length. However, the liner notes of the original US Elektra Records album released on July 18, 1969, show the details as listed below:


title: The Soft Parade

text: Details are taken from the 2019 Rhino Records CD 50th Anniversary Edition liner notes with accompanying essays by Bruce Botnick and David Fricke and may differ from other sources.


title: Bank statement

text: A bank statement is an official summary of financial transactions occurring within a given period for each bank account held by a person or business with a financial institution. Such statements are prepared by the financial institution, are numbered and indicate the period covered by the statement, and may contain other relevant information for the account type, such as how much is payable by a certain date. The start date of the statement period is usually the day after the end of the previous statement period.


title: Bank statement

text: Once produced and delivered to the customer, details on the statement are not normally alterable; any error found would normally be corrected on a future statement, usually with some correspondence explaining the reason for the adjustment.


title: Bank statement

text: Bank statements are commonly used by the customer to monitor cash flow, check for possible fraudulent transactions, and perform bank reconciliations. Historically they have been printed on one or more pieces of paper, and either mailed directly to the account holder or kept at the financial institution's local branch for pick-up. In recent years there has been a shift towards paperless electronic statements, and many financial institutions now also offer direct downloads of financial information into the account holders' accounting software to streamline the reconciliation process. Bank statements are important documents and are usually required to be retained for audit and tax purposes for a period set by relevant tax authorities.


title: Bank statement

text: To enable account holders to track account activity on an ongoing basis, many financial institutions offer a non-official transaction history before the official bank statement is produced. Such activity may be viewed on or printed from the financial institution's website, a smartphone application, available via telephone banking, or printed by some ATMs.


title: Bank statement

text: Transaction histories or account balances may also be shared with other financial institutions, when the account holder gives permission, through open banking to provide services such as account aggregation. An aggregation service only lets the software view an account balance, not actual transactions.


title: Bank statement

text: Historically, bank statements were paper statements produced periodically on a monthly, quarterly or annual basis. Since the introduction of computers in banks in the 1960s, bank statements have generally been produced monthly. Bank statements for accounts with small transaction volumes, such as investments or savings accounts, may be produced less frequently. Depending on the financial institution, bank statements may also include certain features such as the canceled cheques (or their images) that cleared through the account during the statement period. Paper statements are typically posted to a customer's home address, and sometimes a copy may be posted to, say, an accountant or guardian.


title: Bank statement

text: Some financial institutions use the occasion of posting bank statements to include notices such as changes in fees or interest rates or to include promotional material.


title: Bank statement

text: Financial institutions are required to produce paper statements to customers unless the customer requests either electronic statements or no statements at all. Historically, the production of statements was regarded as part of the banking function, the cost of which was part of providing the service. More recently, however, to encourage customers to opt to receive electronic statements, some financial institutions charge a fee for paper statements.


title: Bank statement

text: Some countries such as Japan never had a tradition of mailing statements, with individual account holders being expected to keep track of deposits, withdrawals, and balances using their own passbooks at ATMs.


title: Bank statement

text: Since the late 1990s, banks have encouraged customers to receive statements electronically. The switch normally requires express customer consent, which is typically obtained through an online banking system. Producing electronic statements saves financial institutions the significant cost of printing statements, folding them into envelopes and postage. In addition, customers could receive statements more promptly, and not be dependent on the postal delivery service. The customer could print the statement at their premises if they needed one, or have access to historic statements on the institution's website as needed. Other parties may be authorized to have access to the customer's financial information on the institution's website.


title: Bank statement

text: Electronic statements may be sent as attachments to emails or, as a security measure, as a reminder that a new statement is available on the financial institution's website. Whether such statements are transmitted as attachments or from the website, they are commonly generated in PDF format, to reduce the ability of the recipient to electronically alter the statement.


title: Bank statement

text: Due to identity theft concerns, an electronic statement may not be seen as a dangerous alternative against physical theft as it does not contain tangible personal information and does not require extra safety measures of disposal such as shredding. However, an electronic statement can be easier to obtain than a physical one through computer fraud, data interception, and/or theft of storage media.


title: Bank statement

text: A bank deposit account is at the same time an asset of the depositor and debt of the bank. A statement typically presents the bank's view of the account, with credit entries increasing the bank's debit and debit entries reducing it. A customer tracking the same account as an asset would reverse the debits and credits from what appears on the statement.


title: Bank statement

text: In the United Kingdom, all banks and building societies are required by law to provide a bank statement on paper or in another durable medium to customers, unless where the customer has a passbook, is a customer of an online only bank or has elected not to receive paper statements.


title: Bank statement

text: Banks in the United States are only required to send a statement for a checking account if one transaction has been made from that account in a month. Customers also have the option to receive electronic statements.


title: Kodagu district

text: Kodagu (also known by its former name Coorg) is an administrative district in the Karnataka state of India. Before 1956, it was an administratively separate Coorg State, at which point it was merged into an enlarged Mysore State.


title: Kodagu district

text: It occupies an area of in the Western Ghats of southwestern Karnataka. In 2001 its population was 548,561, 13.74% of which resided in the district's urban centre, making it the least populous of the 31 districts in Karnataka.


title: Kodagu district

text: The nearest railway stations are Mysore Junction, located around away, Thalassery, and Kannur, the latter two located in Kerala at a distance of about . The nearest airports are Kannur International Airport in Kerala ( from Madikeri) and Mangalore International Airport ( from Madikeri).


title: Kodagu district

text: Kodagu is located on the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats. It has a geographical area of . The district is bordered by Dakshina Kannada district to the northwest, Hassan district to the north, Mysore district to the east, Kasaragod district of Kerala in west and Kannur district of Kerala to the southwest, and Wayanad district of Kerala to the south. It is a hilly district, the lowest elevation being above sea-level near makutta. The highest peak, Tadiandamol, rises to , with Pushpagiri, the second highest, at . The main river in Kodagu is the Kaveri (Cauvery), which originates at Talakaveri, located on the eastern side of the Western Ghats, and with its tributaries, drains the greater part of Kodagu.


title: Kodagu district

text: Two members of the legislative assembly are elected from Kodagu to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly, one each from the Madikeri and Virajpet. M P Appachu Ranjan represents the Madikeri constituency while K. G. Bopaiah represents the Virajpet constituency; they are from the Bharatiya Janata Party. Kodagu, formerly part of the Kodagu-Dakshina Kannada (Mangalore) constituency, is now part of the Mysore Lok Sabha parliamentary constituency. The current MP for this constituency is Shri Pratap Simha, from the Bharatiya Janata Party.


title: Kodagu district

text: The Codava National Council and "Kodava Rashtriya Samiti" are campaigning for autonomy to Kodagu district.


title: Kodagu district

text: The Kodavas were the earliest inhabitants and agriculturists in Kodagu, having lived there for centuries. Kodavas Being a warrior community as well, they carried arms during times of war and had their own chieftains.


title: Kodagu district

text: The earliest mention about Coorg can be seen in the works those date back to Sangam period (300 BCE - 300 CE). The Ezhimala dynasty had jurisdiction over two "Nadu"s - The coastal "Poozhinadu" and the hilly eastern "Karkanadu". According to the works of Sangam literature, "Poozhinadu" consisted much of the coastal belt between Mangalore and Kozhikode. "Karkanadu" consisted of Wayanad-Gudalur hilly region with parts of Kodagu (Coorg).


title: Kodagu district

text: The Haleri dynasty, an offshoot of the Keladi Nayakas, ruled Kodagu between 1600 and 1834. Later the British ruled Kodagu from 1834, after the Coorg War, until India's independence in 1947. A separate state (called Coorg State) until then, in 1956 Kodagu was merged with the Mysore State (now Karnataka).


title: Kodagu district

text: In 1834, the East India Company annexed Kodagu into British India, after deposing Chikka Virarajendra of the Kodagu kingdom, as 'Coorg'. British rule led to the establishment of educational institutions, introduction of scientific coffee cultivation, better administration and improvement of the economy.


title: Kodagu district

text: According to the 2011 census of India, Kodagu has a population of 554,519, roughly equal to the Solomon Islands or the US state of Wyoming. This ranks it 539 out of 640 districts in India in terms of population. The district has a population density of . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 1.13%. Kodagu has a sex ratio of 1019 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 82.52%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 13.27% and 10.47% of the population respectively.


title: Kodagu district

text: At the time of the 2011 census, 30.91% of the population spoke Kannada, 20.83% Malayalam, 14.86% Kodava, 8.92% Tulu, 5.81% Are, 4.66% Yerava, 4.23% Tamil, 2.95% Urdu, 1.74% Kurumba, 1.55% Telugu and 1.16% Konkani as their first language.


title: Kodagu district

text: Are Bhashe, a dialect of Kannada and Kodava language are native to Kodagu district. Both use Kannada script for literature.


title: Kodagu district

text: According to "Karnataka Kodava Sahitya Academy" (Karnataka's Kodava Literary Academy), apart from Kodavas, and their related groups, the "Amma Kodavas", the Kodava "Peggade" (Kodagu Heggade) and the Kodava "Maaple" (Kodava Muslims), 18 other smaller-numbered ethnic groups speak Kodava Takk in and outside the district including the "Iri" ("Airi", or the carpenters and the village smiths), the "Koyava", the "Banna", the Kodagu "Madivala" (washermen), the Kodagu "Hajama" (barber, also called Nainda), the "Kembatti" Poleya (household servants and labourers) and the "Meda" (basket and mat weavers and drummers).


title: Kodagu district

text: Among other Kodava speaking communities are: the "Heggades", cultivators from shimogga; the "Kodava Nair", cultivators from Malabar; the "Ayiri", who constitute the artisan caste; the "Medas", who are basket and mat-weavers and act as drummers at feasts; the "Binepatta", originally wandering musicians from Malabar, now farmers; and the "Kavadi", cultivators settled in Yedenalknad (Virajpet). All these groups speak the Kodava language and conform generally to Kodava customs and dress.


title: Kodagu district

text: The Arebhashe gowdas, or "Kodagu Gowdas", and Tulu Gowdas, are an ethnic group of Dakshina Kannada and Kodagu. They live in Sulya (in Dakshina Kannada) and in parts of Somwarpet, Kushalanagar, Bhagamandala and Madikeri. They speak a language known as Arebhashe a dialect of Kannada. Guddemane Appaiah Gowda along with many other freedom fighters from different communities revolted against the British in an armed struggle which covered entire Kodagu and Dakshina Kannada. This was one of the earliest freedom movements against the British called "Amara Sulliada Swantantrya Sangraama" ("Amara Sulya Dhange" formally called the 'Coorg Rebellion' by the British) started in 1837.


title: Kodagu district

text: Hindus are the vast majority. They include the Kodava tribe, other Kodava language speakers, Arebhashe Gowdas, Brahmins, most Yeravas and Kurubas.


title: Kodagu district

text: A huge minority of Muslims dot the Coorg district, especially the towns of Kushalnagar, Virajpet and Mercara. A sizeable of them are the Nawayaths who shifted in the eighties from Bhatkal and Murdeshwar in order to pursue coffee & arecanut plantations and textile business. The numerous mosque dotting the landscape is the testimony of Muslim presence in the district.


title: Kodagu district

text: A small number of Mangalorean Catholics are also found in Coorg. They are mostly descended from those Konkani Catholics who fled the roundup and, later, captivity by Tippu Sultan. These immigrants were welcomed by Raja Veerarajendra (himself a former captive of Tippu Sultan, having escaped six years of captivity in 1788) who realising their usefulness and expertise as agriculturists, gave them lands and tax breaks and built a church for them.


title: Kodagu district

text: Kodagu is rated as one of the top hill station destinations in India. Some of the most popular tourist attractions in Kodagu include Talakaveri, Bhagamandala, Nisargadhama, Abbey Falls, Dubare, Nagarahole National Park, Iruppu Falls, and the Tibetan Buddhist Golden Temple.


title: Premature burial

text: Premature burial, also known as live burial, burial alive, or vivisepulture, means to be buried while still alive.


title: Premature burial

text: Animals or humans may be buried alive accidentally on the mistaken assumption that they are dead, or intentionally as a form of torture, murder, or execution. It may also occur with the consent of the victim as a part of a stunt, with the intention to escape.


title: Premature burial

text: Premature burial can lead to death through the following: asphyxiation, dehydration, starvation, or (in cold climates) hypothermia. A person trapped with fresh air to breathe can last a considerable time and burial has been used as a very cruel method of execution (as in cases of Vestal Virgins who violated the oath of celibacy), lasting sufficiently long for the victim to comprehend and imagine every stage of what is happening (being trapped in total darkness with very limited or no movement) and to experience great psychological and physical torment including extreme panic. The medical term for the fear of being buried alive is taphophobia.


title: Premature burial

text: According to a popular legend recorded by Joannes Zonaras and George Kedrenos, two 11th-century and 12th-century Byzantine Greek historians, the 5th century Roman emperor Zeno was buried alive in Constantinople after becoming insensible from drinking or an illness. For three days cries of "Have pity on me!" could be heard from within his verd antique sarcophagus in the Church of the Holy Apostles, but because of the hatred of his wife and subjects, the empress Ariadne refused to open the tomb. This tale is not likely, as earlier and contemporary sources do not mention it, even though they too were hostile to Zeno's memory.


title: Premature burial

text: Revivals of supposed "corpses" have been triggered by dropped coffins, grave robbers, embalming, and attempted dissections. Folklorist Paul Barber has argued that the incidence of unintentional live burial has been overestimated and that the normal, physical effects of decomposition are sometimes misinterpreted as signs that the person whose remains are being exhumed had revived in his or her coffin. Nevertheless, patients have been documented as late as the 1890s as accidentally being sent to the morgue or trapped in a steel box after erroneously being declared dead.


title: Premature burial

text: Newspapers have reported cases of exhumed corpses that appear to have been accidentally buried alive. On February 21, 1885, "The New York Times" gave a disturbing account of such a case. The victim was a man from Buncombe County, North Carolina whose name was given as "Jenkins". His body was found turned over onto its front inside the coffin, with much of his hair pulled out. Scratch marks were also visible on all sides of the coffin's interior. His family was reportedly "distressed beyond measure at the criminal carelessness" associated with the case. Another similar story was reported in "The Times" on January 18, 1886, the victim of this case being described simply as a "girl" named "Collins" from Woodstock, Ontario, Canada. Her body was described as being found with the knees tucked up under the body, and her burial shroud "torn into shreds".


title: Premature burial

text: In 2001, a body bag was delivered to the Matarese Funeral Home in Ashland, Massachusetts with a live occupant. Funeral director John Matarese discovered this, called paramedics, and avoided live embalming or premature burial.


title: Premature burial

text: In 2014 in Peraia, Thessaloniki, in Macedonia, Greece, the police discovered that a 45-year-old woman was buried alive and died of asphyxia after being declared clinically dead by a private hospital; she was discovered just shortly after being buried, by children playing near the cemetery who heard screams from inside the earth; her family was reported to be considering suing the hospital which was responsible. In 2015, it was reported that a separate incident also occurred in 2014 in Peraia, Thessaloniki. In Macedonia, Greece, a police investigation concluded that a 49-year-old woman was buried alive after being declared dead due to cancer; her family reported that they could hear her scream from inside the earth at the cemetery shortly after burial, and the investigation revealed that she died of heart failure inside her coffin. Later, it was discovered that medication given to her by her physicians as part of her cancer treatment was what caused her to be mistakenly declared clinically dead.


title: Premature burial

text: The family of Timesha Beauchamp of Southfield, Michigan called 911 on August 23, 2020, when they found her unresponsive at home. Upon arrival, paramedics found her to be unresponsive and not breathing. After they provided cardiopulmonary resuscitation for 30 minutes, she was pronounced dead by a local emergency department physician based on the medical information provided by the paramedics on the scene. Resuscitation efforts were discontinued, and Beauchamp was taken to a funeral home in Detroit. Staff at the funeral home were preparing to embalm her body when they found her to be breathing. She was taken to Children’s Hospital of Michigan, where she died on October 18, 2020.


title: Premature burial

text: Natural disasters (earthquakes, landslides, mudslides, avalanches) have also buried people alive, as well as collapsing mines.


title: Premature burial

text: According to the history of Nicephorus and perhaps because of the legend of Zeno's premature entombment, or perhaps for other reasons, the Proconnesian marble sarcophagus of the 7th-century emperor Heraclius was left open, on his own instructions, for three days after his interment in the Church of the Holy Apostles' Mausoleum of Justinian.


title: Premature burial

text: Robert Robinson died in Manchester in 1791. A movable glass pane was inserted in his coffin, and the mausoleum had a door for purposes of inspection by a watchman, who was to see if he breathed on the glass. He instructed his relatives to visit his grave periodically to check that he was actually dead.


title: Premature burial

text: Safety coffins were devised to prevent premature burial, although there is no evidence that any have ever been successfully used to save an accidentally buried person. On 5 December 1882, J. G. Krichbaum received for his "Device For Life In Buried Persons". It consisted of a movable periscope-like pipe that provided air and, when rotated or pushed by the person interred, indicated to passersby that someone was buried alive. The patent text refers to "that class of devices for indicating life in buried persons", suggesting that such inventions were common at the time.


title: Premature burial

text: In 1890, a family designed and built a burial vault at the Wildwood Cemetery in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, with an internal hatch to allow the victim of accidental premature burial to escape. The vault had an air supply and was lined in felt to protect a panic-stricken victim from self-inflicted injury before the escape. Bodies were to be removed from the casket before interment.


title: Premature burial

text: The London Association for the Prevention of Premature Burial was co-founded in 1896 by William Tebb and Walter Hadwen. Tebb suggested methods such as stethoscopic auscultation of the heart and lungs, application of electric current, and artificial ventilation.


title: Premature burial

text: The burning of books and burying of scholars () was a suppression of intellectual thought carried out by Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of a unified China. Books and texts deemed to be subversive were burned and 460 Confucian scholars were reportedly buried alive in 212 BC. Modern scholars doubt these events – Sima Qian, author of the account of these events in the "Records of the Grand Historian", was an official of the Han dynasty, which could be expected to portray the previous rulers unfavorably.


title: Premature burial

text: Tacitus, in his work "Germania", records that German tribes practiced two forms of capital punishment; the first where the victim was hanged from a tree, and another where the victim was tied to a wicker frame, pushed face down into the mud and buried. The first was used to make an example of traitors; the second was used for punishment of dishonorable or shameful vices, such as cowardice. According to Tacitus, the Ancient Germans thought that crime should be exposed, whereas infamy should be buried out of sight.


title: Premature burial

text: "Fleta", a medieval commentary on English common law, specified live burial as the punishment for sodomy, bestiality and those who had dealings with Jews or Jewesses.


title: Premature burial

text: In Ancient Persia, Herodotus in his book Histories records that burying people alive was a Persian custom, which they practiced in order to be blessed by gods.


title: Premature burial

text: In ancient Rome, a Vestal Virgin convicted of violating her vows of celibacy was "buried alive" by being sealed in a cave with a small amount of bread and water, ostensibly so that the goddess Vesta could save her were she truly innocent, essentially making it into a trial by ordeal. This practice was, strictly speaking, immurement (i.e., being walled up and left to die) rather than premature burial. According to Christian tradition, a number of saints were martyred this way, including Saint Castulus and Saint Vitalis of Milan.


title: Premature burial

text: In Denmark, in the Ribe city statute, which was promulgated in 1269, a female thief was to be buried alive, and in the law by Queen Margaret I, adulterous women were to be punished with premature burial, men with beheading.


title: Premature burial

text: Within the Holy Roman Empire a variety of offenses, including rape, infanticide, and theft, could be punished with live burial. For example, the "Schwabenspiegel", a law code from the 13th century, specified that the rape of a virgin should be punished by live burial (whereas the rapist of a non-virgin was to be beheaded). Female murderers of their own employers also risked being buried alive. In Augsburg in 1505, for example, a 12-year-old boy and a 13-year-old girl were found guilty of killing their master in conspiracy with the cook. The boy was beheaded, and the girl and the cook were buried alive beneath the gallows. The jurist Eduard Henke observed that in the Middle Ages, live burial of women guilty of infanticide was a "very frequent" punishment in city statutes and "Landrechten". For example, he notes those in Hesse, Bohemia, and Tyrol. The "Berlinisches Stadtbuch" records that between 1412 and 1447, 10 women were buried alive there, and as late as in 1583, the archbishop of Bremen promulgated (alongside the somewhat milder 1532 Constitutio Criminalis Carolina punishment of drowning) live burial as an alternate execution method for punishing mothers found guilty of infanticide.


title: Premature burial

text: As noted by Elias Pufendorf, a woman buried alive would afterward be impaled through the heart. This combined punishment of live burial and impalement was practiced in Nuremberg until 1508 also for women found guilty of theft, but the city council decided in 1515 that the punishment was too cruel and opted for drowning instead. Impalement was, however, not always mentioned together with live burial. Eduard Osenbrüggen relates how the live burial of a woman convicted of infanticide could be pronounced in a court verdict. For example, in a 1570 case in Ensisheim:


title: Premature burial

text: In this particular case, however, some noblewomen made an appeal for mercy, and the convicted woman was drowned instead.


title: Premature burial

text: Dieter Furcht speculates that the impalement was not so much to be regarded as an execution method, but as a way to prevent the condemned from becoming an avenging, undead "Wiedergänger". In medieval Italy, unrepentant murderers were buried alive, head down, feet in the air, a practice referred to in passing in Canto XIX of Dante's "Inferno".


title: Premature burial

text: In the Faroe Islands, a powerful 14th-century woman landowner in the village of Húsavík was said to have buried two servants alive.


title: Premature burial

text: In the 16th century Habsburg Netherlands, when the Catholic authorities made a prolonged effort to stamp out the Protestant churches, live burial was commonly used as the punishment for women found guilty of heresy. The last to be so executed was Anna Utenhoven, an Anabaptist buried alive at Vilvoorde in 1597. Reportedly, when her head was still above the ground she was given the last chance to recant her faith, and upon her refusal, she was completely covered up and suffocated. The case aroused a great deal of protest in the rebellious northern provinces and foiled the peace feelers which King Philip III was at the time extending to the Dutch. Thereafter the Habsburg authorities avoided further such cases, punishing heresy with fines and deportations rather than death.


title: Premature burial

text: In the seventeenth century in feudal Russia, live burial as an execution method was known as "the pit" and used against women who were condemned for killing their husbands. In 1689, the punishment of live burial was changed to beheading. Live burial of Jews in such countries as Ukraine is reported; for example, some instances occurred during the Chmielnicki Massacre (1648–1649) in Ukraine.


title: Premature burial

text: Among some contemporary indigenous people of Brazil with no or limited contact with the outside world, children with disabilities or other undesirable traits are still customarily buried alive.


title: Premature burial

text: There are also accounts of the Khmer Rouge using premature burials as a form of execution in the Killing Fields.


title: Premature burial

text: Serbian officials are documented to have buried living Bulgarian civilians from Pehčevo (now in the Republic of North Macedonia) during the Balkan Wars. During World War II, Japanese soldiers were documented to have buried living Chinese civilians, notably during the Nanking Massacre. This method of execution was also used by German leaders against Jews in Ukraine and Belarus during World War II.


title: Premature burial

text: During the Vietnam War, live burials by the Viet Cong were documented during the massacre at Huế in 1968.


title: Premature burial

text: During the Gulf War, Iraqi soldiers were knowingly buried alive by American tanks of the First Infantry Division shoveling earth into their trenches. Estimates for the number of soldiers killed this way vary: one source puts it at "between 80 and 250", while Colonel Anthony Moreno suggested it may have been thousands.


title: Premature burial

text: On rare occasions, people have willingly arranged to be buried alive, reportedly as a demonstration of their controversial ability to survive such an event. In one story taking place around 1840, Sadhu Haridas, an Indian fakir, is said to have been buried in the presence of a British military officer and under the supervision of the local maharajah, by being placed in a sealed bag in a wooden box in a vault. The vault was then interred, the earth was flattened over the site, and crops were sown over the place for a very long time. The whole location was guarded day and night to prevent fraud and the site was dug up twice in a ten-month period to verify the burial before the fakir was finally dug out and slowly revived in the presence of another officer. The fakir said that his only fear during his "wonderful sleep" was being eaten by underground worms. However, according to current medical science, it is not possible for a human to survive for a period of ten months without food, water, and air. According to other sources the entire burial was 40 days long. The Indian government has since made the act of voluntary premature burial illegal, because of the unintended deaths of individuals attempting to recreate this feat.


title: Premature burial

text: In 1992, escape artist Bill Shirk was buried alive under seven tons of dirt and cement in a Plexiglas coffin, which collapsed and almost took Shirk's life.


title: Premature burial

text: In 2010, a Russian man died after being buried alive to try to overcome his fear of death but was crushed to death by the earth on top of him. The following year, another Russian died after being buried overnight in a makeshift coffin "for good luck".


title: Premature burial

text: In 2021, the YouTuber MrBeast was voluntarily buried alive for 50 hours. This event was documented and filmed.


title: Premature burial

text: "Buried Alive" is a controversial art and lecture performance series by art-tech group monochrom. Participants have the opportunity to be buried alive in a coffin for fifteen to twenty minutes. As a framework program monochrom offers lectures about the history of the science of determining death and the medical and cultural history of premature burial.


title: Premature burial

text: St. Oran was a druid living on the island of Iona in Scotland's Inner Hebrides. He became a follower of St. Columba, who brought Christianity to Iona from Ireland in 563 AD. When St. Columba had repeated problems building the original Iona Abbey, citing interference from the Devil, St. Oran offered himself as a human sacrifice and was buried alive. He was later dug up and found to be still alive, but when he described the afterlife he had seen and how it involved no heaven or hell, he was ordered to be covered up again. The building of the abbey went ahead, untroubled, and St. Oran's chapel marks the spot where the saint was buried.


title: Premature burial

text: In the fourteenth through nineteenth centuries, a popular tale about premature burial in European folklore was the "Lady with the Ring". In the story, a woman who was prematurely buried awakens to frighten a grave robber who is attempting to cut a ring off her finger.


title: Premature burial

text: The TV show "MythBusters" tested the myth to see if someone could survive being buried alive for two hours before being rescued. Host Jamie Hyneman attempted the feat, but when his steel coffin began to bend under the weight of the earth used to cover it, the experiment was aborted.


title: Premature burial

text: The 1980 Italian horror film "City of the Living Dead" features a woman who is buried alive after being mistaken for dead. She panics and a man hears her cries - he uses a pickaxe to penetrate the casket (nearly killing the woman) and saves her.


title: Premature burial

text: Premature burial is a major plot point in Paul Sheldon's "Misery's Return," the book-within-a-book in Stephen King's 1987 novel "Misery."


title: Premature burial

text: In the series 2 finale of The League of Gentlemen, after Justin Smart spurns Herr Lipp's advances, Lipp buries him alive with a snorkel.


title: Premature burial

text: In a 2008 episode of BBC soap opera "EastEnders", Max Branning was almost buried alive by his wife Tanya Cross but was saved by her at the last minute.


title: Premature burial

text: The premise of the 2010 thriller film "Buried" is that an American contractor in Iraq wakes up having been buried in a coffin with only a mobile phone.


title: Premature burial

text: In a 2013 episode of American comedy series "The Office" titled "The Farm", fictional character Dwight Schrute alludes to a history of premature burials in his family. In order to make sure the "dead were completely dead", Schrute kicks open the coffin of his aunt at her funeral and fires several shotgun rounds at her body.


title: Muv-Luv

text: The trilogy's story initially presents itself as a light-hearted romantic comedy ("Extra"), but changes into an alternate timeline coming-of-age story ("Unlimited"), and finally evolves into an alien invasion war epic ("Alternative").


title: Muv-Luv

text: The visual novel "Muv-Luv" is divided into two parts. The first part, titled "Muv-Luv Extra", features playable character Takeru Shirogane (voiced by Takeshi Aiba in the Windows version and Soichiro Hoshi in ports) who wakes up one morning to find a beautiful young woman sleeping in his bed, just as an infuriated Sumika Kagami (voiced by Hiroko Taguchi, credited as Rika Fujiwara in the Windows version), Takeru's neighbor and childhood friend, comes to wake him up that morning. The young woman, Meiya Mitsurugi (voiced by Aki Okuda in the Windows version and Kazumi Okushima in ports), is the heiress to a financially powerful family and is determined to be Takeru's bride. As the story progresses, both girls compete for Takeru's affections while Takeru has recurring dreams about a marriage promise he made to a girl long ago. At first, he believes the girl was Sumika, but eventually realizes that it was actually Meiya. At the conclusion, Takeru must choose between which of the girls he truly loves. In addition, the player may also make decisions to choose between one of the three girls in the main supporting cast: Chizuru Sakaki (voiced by Masayo Kurata), Miki Tamase (voiced by Hitomi), and Kei Ayamine (voiced by Nagashima Yuuko).


title: Muv-Luv

text: The second part, "Muv-Luv Unlimited", starts with Takeru Shirogane waking up in his bed, reminiscent of the start of "Muv-Luv Extra"; however, Takeru quickly realizes that neither Meiya nor Sumika come to wake him that morning. Upon leaving his house, he finds his neighborhood destroyed and Sumika's house crushed under the wreckage of a large mecha. Takeru later learns that he is in an alternate world to "Extra", where aliens called BETA (an acronym for "Beings of Extra Terrestrial origin which are Adversary of the human race") have invaded and mankind fights back against the alien aggressors with mecha called usually referred to in Japanese as simply .


title: Muv-Luv

text: "Muv-Luv Unlimited" explains that the BETA first arrived on Earth in 1973 (in China and Canada) after arriving on the Moon in 1967 and being spotted on Mars in 1958. Subsequent battles with BETA resulted in the global population dropping to 2.4 billion with most of mainland Eurasia having been lost by the time the game starts in 2001. Most of the major characters from the "Extra" timeline are present in "Unlimited", notably excluding the "Unlimited" world's Takeru, who is said to be dead, and Sumika, who does not seem to exist in the "Unlimited" timeline. The characters are mostly identical to their "Extra" counterparts, with the notable exception of Yoroi, Takeru's best friend in Extra who, for reasons unclear, is a girl in this reality.


title: Muv-Luv

text: In the sequel "Muv-Luv Alternative", Takeru wakes up three years after the beginning of "Unlimited" to find himself back in his room. Although he first thinks that the events of "Muv-Luv Unlimited" were a dream, he soon feels that something is wrong, and leaves the house to find that he has been sent back in time to the beginning of the events in "Unlimited". Unwilling to accept the events at the end of "Unlimited", he decides to help professor Kouzuki save the Earth and mankind by bringing the mysterious Alternative IV plan — cancelled at the end of "Unlimited" — to fruition.


title: Muv-Luv

text: The gameplay in "Muv-Luv" requires little player interaction as most time is spent reading the text that appears on the lower portion of the screen, representing either dialogue between characters, narration, or the inner thoughts of the player character. Every so often, the player will arrive at a "decision point", and be required to choose between multiple options. Gameplay pauses and depending upon the player's choice, the plot will develop in a specific direction. There are multiple plot lines that the player can follow, one for each heroine in the story, and there are nineteen possible endings. To view all plot lines, the player must replay the game multiple times. The game can end in failure if the player makes the wrong decisions. When this occurs, the player can return to a previously saved spot to try again.


title: Muv-Luv

text: "Muv-Luv" is divided into two segments, or story arcs—"Extra" and "Unlimited"—which serve as different phases in the overall story. Initially, only the "Extra" arc is available to play, but once the player has completed the "Extra" scenarios for the two main heroines, Sumika Kagami and Meiya Mitsurugi, the "Unlimited" arc becomes accessible. The 2016 Steam release removes this lock and makes "Unlimited" available immediately, albeit with a warning that the player should experience "Extra" first.


title: Muv-Luv

text: "Muv-Luv" was released on February 28, 2003 on Windows CD-ROM, and re-released on DVD-ROM on April 30, 2004. A fandisc, called "Muv-Luv Supplement" containing a number of short stories, computer wallpapers, audio clips, and a trailer for the upcoming "Muv-Luv Alternative". The limited edition DVD was released on December 17, 2004 and the regular edition was released on December 24.


title: Muv-Luv

text: "Muv-Luv Alternative" is a sequel to "Muv-Luv" and taking place after the events of the "Unlimited" arc in the original game. The DVD version of the game was released on February 24, 2006 and the CD version was released on March 3, 2006. A "Muv-Luv Alternative" fandisc, "Muv-Luv Altered Fable", was released on August 31, 2007 containing an alternate version of the "Extra" arc from "Muv-Luv" along with a radio drama, a Senjoki vs. BETA strategy RPG, computer wallpapers, and a "Muv-Luv Alternative: Total Eclipse" short story.


title: Muv-Luv

text: "All-age" versions of "Muv-Luv" and "Muv-Luv Alternative" with the adult content removed were released simultaneously on September 22, 2006. In 2011, both games were ported to the Xbox 360 by 5pb. and simultaneously released on October 27, 2011. Both titles were also released for PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Vita in 2012 and 2016, respectively.


title: Muv-Luv

text: In the early 2010s, Mangagamer attempted to negotiate an English-language release of "Muv-Luv" and "Muv-Luv Alternative", but talks broke down, and the translator unilaterally released an unofficial fan translation patch, effectively ending Mangagamer's efforts. In 2015, âge partnered with Degica to launch a Kickstarter campaign to officially release the "Muv-Luv" series in English. The campaign succeeded in late 2015 after raising over US$1.25 million, against an initial goal of $250,000. The campaign also met all of its stretch goals, including ports to PlayStation Vita and Android and English localizations of "photonflowers*" and "photonmelodies♮" side-story collections. The English localization of the first "Muv-Luv" visual novel was released on Steam in July 2016, and "Muv-Luv Alternative" was released in September 2017. PS Vita versions of both games were released in June 2018.


title: Muv-Luv

text: The English version of "photonflowers*" was released on Steam on August 3, 2019, and the English version of "photonmelodies♮" was released on July 30, 2020. The English versions of "Muv-Luv Unlimited: The Day After" episodes 00 through 03 were released via Steam on February 5, 2021, marking the first English release of a "Muv-Luv" visual novel not directly funded by the 2015 Kickstarter. In addition to the crowdfunded Android version, the iOS port was also created. Mobile versions of "Extra" and "Unlimited" are planned to be released worldwide in Spring 2022, with "Alternative" set to release at a later date.


title: Muv-Luv

text: At the conclusion of an October 2019 live event, âge presented the on-screen title “Muv-Luv Alternative in Animation”, followed by a clip of new animation, seemingly indicating an anime adaptation of the original "Muv-Luv Alternative" visual novel. It was later announced that the new anime would be a television series. The series is animated by Yumeta Company and Graphinica, with production by Flagship Line, and is directed by Yukio Nishimoto, featuring Tatsuhiko Urahata handling the series' scripts, Takuya Tani designing the characters, and Evan Call composing the series' music. It aired from October 7 to December 23, 2021 on Fuji TV's +Ultra programming block. V.W.P performed the series' opening theme song , while STEREO DIVE FOUNDATION performed the series' ending theme song "Tristar". Crunchyroll licensed the series outside of Asia. Muse Communication licensed the series in South and Southeast Asia.


title: Muv-Luv

text: At the end of the series' episode finale, a second season was announced. It premiered on October 6, 2022. JAM Project and Minami Kuribayashi performed the opening theme song , while V.W.P performed the ending theme song .


title: Muv-Luv

text: "Muv-Luv" and its sequel "Muv-Luv Alternative" have been adapted into three manga series by MediaWorks (later ASCII Media Works) and were serialized in the manga magazine "Dengeki Daioh" through 2018. In 2020, âge announced it would digitally self-publish an English translation of the "Muv-Luv Alternative" manga.


title: Muv-Luv

text: In addition, Shueisha has published a seven volume novel series based on "Muv-Luv" and "Muv-Luv Alternative".


title: Muv-Luv

text: In an October 2019 livestream producer Koki Yoshimune announced he was working on a new sequel to "Alternative", called "Muv-Luv INTEGRATE", but was not sure at that time what form the project would ultimately take or when it might be released.


title: Muv-Luv

text: "Muv-Luv" has prompted many spin-offs, and is itself a spin-off of âge's "Kimi ga Nozomu Eien" and its sequel "Akane Maniax", as it features several characters, locations, and story elements from those games. "Muv-Luv Alternative" also adds a character from âge's first visual novel, "Kimi ga Ita Kisetsu".


title: Muv-Luv

text: "Muv-Luv Unlimited The Day After" continues the story of "Muv-Luv Unlimited", showing what happens after the end of that story and prior to Takeru's backward time-skip that begins "Muv-Luv Alternative". Currently incomplete, "TDA" was released episodically (as episodes "00" through "03") as part of the "Muv-Luv Alternative Chronicles" series of side-story discs. In 2020, âge announced that it will release episodes 00 through 03 in English, and that work has begun on episode 04, which was subsequently retitled "Muv-Luv Resonative".


title: Muv-Luv

text: "Muv-Luv Alternative Total Eclipse" is a spin-off story set parallel to "Muv-Luv Alternative", following a new cast of characters while retaining the setting of the original visual novel. It focuses on the development of experimental TSF craft and the relationship between Yuuya Bridges, a Japanese-American test pilot and Yui Takamura, a leading figure in the development of a new generation TSF, which may be able to change the course of the war.


title: Muv-Luv

text: Enterbrain published "Total Eclipse" in its "Tech Gian" magazine. This was followed by a manga adaptation titled "Total Eclipse" published by ASCII Media Works. "Muv-Luv Alternative: Total Eclipse" was later adapted into the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 visual novel by âge and 5pb. in 2013. A Microsoft Windows version was released in 2014 in Japan, and was released worldwide on July 20, 2022.


title: Muv-Luv

text: On July 24, 2011, a teaser website announced that an anime television adaptation of the novels is in the works. Produced by ixtl and Satelight, it aired between July 2 and December 23, 2012. Crunchyroll has acquired the streaming rights for the series, with Sentai Filmworks licensing the anime for digital and home video release. The first 13 episodes were released on January 20, 2015, on Blu-ray and DVD.


title: Muv-Luv

text: is a series set in the Germany of the Alternative universe, during the early years of the BETA invasion in 1983. The protagonists are the 666th TSF squadron of East Germany, who fight both the BETA and opponents from the corrupt Stasi (Ministry of State Security).


title: Muv-Luv

text: "Schwarzesmarken" replaced the "Total Eclipse" serialization in Tech Gian magazine. The series is written by Hiroki Uchida and features character designs and illustrations by CARNELIAN. The novel was compiled into seven volumes following a 41 chapter run from 2011 to 2014. The series was followed in Tech Gian by its prequel, "Bernhard im Schatten".


title: Muv-Luv

text: A visual novel adaptation by âge was released in late 2015 for Microsoft Windows in two parts: "Kouketsu no Monshou" and "Junkyoushatachi". Between the release of the two parts a Steam release and English localization of the visual novel was considered. However, despite this version of the game being approved via Steam Greenlight, it was ultimately not released.


title: Muv-Luv

text: On September 18, 2015, a teaser website announced that an anime television adaptation of the "Schwarzesmarken" novels by ixtl and Liden Films was scheduled to air in January 2016. The series began airing on January 10, 2016. Crunchyroll has acquired the rights to stream the anime outside of Japan.


title: Muv-Luv

text: Several other prose spin-offs were published as short stories in "Tech Gian" magazine. In addition, two fandiscs were also released, and containing alternate scenarios, short stories, computer wallpapers, and audio dramas. Other spin-off material appeared as short visual novels in re-releases of earlier games, and in the "Muv-Luv Alternative Chronicles" series. Some of these visual novel segments for PC were assembled into the collections "photonflowers*" and "photonmelodies♮" for the PlayStation 3 in 2014, later ported to PC via Steam.


title: Muv-Luv

text: Aside from the visual novels, several other styles of games based on "Muv-Luv" have been released over the years. The browser game "Muv-Luv Alternative: Next Answer" launched in February, 2015, and remained in operation for about a year. "Muv-Luv Alternative: Strike Frontier", available initially as a browser game and later for iOS and Android, launched in September, 2016, and shut down in July, 2018. In October, 2019, âge showed a demo of "Project Mikhail" (working title), a new TSF-focused action game, to be released for Steam, iOS, and Android in 2021, and available in Japanese, English, and Chinese. "Immortals: Muv-Luv Alternative", a free-to-play mobile action RPG developed by aNCHOR, was released in Japan on March 17, 2022 for both Android and iOS. Set in an alternative universe of Muv-Luv Alternative, the player plays as the director of the Immortals Private Military Company and leads a team of TSF mercenary pilots to battle the Beta. While the game has original characters, many of the characters from the Muv Luv franchise are also available to recruit which includes those from Muv Luv Alternative, Total Eclipse, Euro Front and Schwarzesmarken.


title: Muv-Luv

text: The opening theme of "Muv-Luv" is by Minami Kuribayashi. The closing theme for the "Extra" segment of "Muv-Luv" is "I Will" and the "Unlimited" segment's ending theme is both by Minami Kuribayashi. For the all ages version, the opening theme the "Extra" segment is "divergence" by Minami Kuribayashi. For the "Unlimited" segment, the opening theme is by Masami Okui. The all ages version featured several ending themes depending on the ending, including "I will" by Minami Kuribayashi, by Aki Misato, "Astraea" by Miyuki Hashimoto, and by CooRie.


title: Muv-Luv

text: The opening themes for the sequel "Muv-Luv Alternative" are by JAM Project for the original release and by JAM Project for the all age release. The ending theme for both releases is "Muv-Luv (2005 ver.)" by Minami Kuribayashi. "Carry On" by Masaaki Endoh of JAM Project is used as an insert song in "Alternative".


title: Muv-Luv

text: The "Muv-Luv" franchise has prompted the creation of a wide variety of tie-in merchandise, including clothing, model kits, action figures, dakimakura (hug pillows), and more. Several tie-in books provide coverage of the franchise's lore, such as "Muv-Luv Alternative Integral Works"


title: Muv-Luv

text: The Kickstarter campaign that funded the official English translation of the core trilogy commissioned new merchandise as rewards for backers. Unique items included a plush BETA toy, and "Muv-Luv Alternative Codex", an English translation of most of "Integral Works" along with other material.


title: Muv-Luv

text: In 2003, "Muv-Luv" was number one in national PC sales following its release. The sequel, "Muv-Luv Alternative", released in 2006, was number three in sales during the first half of 2006.


title: Muv-Luv

text: "Muv-Luv" has received a median rating of 79 out of 100 on Erogamescape (EGS), while "Muv-Luv Alternative" has received a median rating of 93 out of 100, making it the third-highest rated visual novel on the website. On the Visual Novel Database (VNDB), "Muv-Luv Alternative" received an average rating of 9.13 (out of 10), making it the site's #1 visual novel by Bayesian ranking.


title: Muv-Luv

text: The English-language release of "Muv-Luv" has a Metacritic score of 76/100 based on reviews from four critics. "RPGFan" writer Don Kim gave the game a mixed review, writing "although Extra is nothing more than a glorified character introduction (and a terrible one at that), the game went far beyond my expectations in Unlimited, making the mediocrity of Extra almost forgivable."


title: Muv-Luv

text: "Muv-Luv Alternative"s English release has a Metacritic score of 83/100, based on reviews form six critics. Summarizing the series for DualShockers, Giuseppe Nelva wrote: "If you love strong storytelling, solid and realistic sci-fi, diverse and engaging characters, quite a bit of charming fanservice, and to be deeply engaged on the emotional level, you owe it to yourself to try the Muv-Luv trilogy out."


title: Muv-Luv

text: According to the manga author Hajime Isayama, his hit manga series "Attack on Titan" was heavily inspired by "Muv-Luv Alternative".


title: Tempestt Bledsoe

text: Tempestt Bledsoe (born August 1, 1973) is an American actress. She is best known for her childhood role as Vanessa Huxtable, the fourth child of Cliff and Clair Huxtable on the long-running NBC sitcom "The Cosby Show" (1984–92). In December 2010, it was announced that Bledsoe would be the host of "Clean House" on the Style Network, replacing long-time host Niecy Nash. From September 2012 to February 2013, she was one of the stars of the NBC TV sitcom "Guys with Kids", portraying Marny.


title: Tempestt Bledsoe

text: In 1984, Bledsoe was cast in the role of Vanessa Huxtable on the sitcom "The Cosby Show". She was a regular until its final season in 1992. She also made a one-time appearance as Vanessa on "A Different World". In 1986, Tempestt played the role of Grace Wheeler in Season 15, Episode 4 (The Gift Of Amazing Grace), of the ABC Afterschool Special program. In 1989 she was a national spokesperson for DARE.


title: Tempestt Bledsoe

text: In the mid-1990s, from 1995 to 1996, Bledsoe hosted a daytime talk show, "The Tempestt Bledsoe Show", produced by Columbia TriStar Television and Dick Clark. She made a brief appearance in the sitcom "The Parkers", and has been featured in the recurring role of a single mother on the ABC show "The Practice".


title: Tempestt Bledsoe

text: She also appeared in the Lifetime show "Strong Medicine", and "South of Nowhere". Her most recent credits include the role of Nina in the Oxygen Channel's original television movie "Husband for Hire", Steven Bochco's "Raising the Bar", and the role of Abby in the second season of Disney Channel's animated series "The Replacements". She appeared on VH1's "Celebrity Fit Club" and NBC's "Fear Factor".


title: Tempestt Bledsoe

text: It was announced on December 1, 2010 that Bledsoe would return to TV, replacing Niecy Nash as the host of "Clean House" on Style Network. Her first episode aired on January 26, 2011. In 2012, Bledsoe was heard as the voice of Sheriff Hooper in the Laika animated film "ParaNorman".


title: Tempestt Bledsoe

text: In 2014, Bledsoe appeared in the "Instant Mom" episode "Not Your Mother's Day" in which she reprised her role as Vanessa Huxtable. In July 2019 Bledsoe appeared in the Netflix show Family Reunion episode #10 "Remember When Our Boys Became Men?".


title: Tempestt Bledsoe

text: Bledsoe earned a bachelor's degree in finance from New York University. Since 1993 she has been in a relationship with actor Darryl M. Bell, who co-starred in the NBC TV comedy "A Different World", a spinoff of "The Cosby Show". The couple appeared together in the Fox Reality Channel series "Househusbands of Hollywood", which debuted August 2009. Bledsoe is a vegetarian.


title: Jenna von Oÿ

text: Jennifer Jean "Jenna" von Oÿ (born May 2, 1977) is an American actress, singer and author. She played the role of Dorothy "Six" LeMeure in the NBC sitcom "Blossom" and Stevie Van Lowe in the UPN sitcom "The Parkers", the spin-off series of "Moesha".


title: Jenna von Oÿ

text: Von Oÿ was born in Danbury, Connecticut to Gloria and Frank Von Oÿ. She attended Newtown High School and began her acting career as a child in regional stage productions and commercials. Von Oÿ made her television acting debut in 1986 in an episode of "ABC Weekend Special", which was followed by guest roles on "Tales from the Darkside" and "Kate & Allie". From 1990 to 1991, she co-starred in the short-lived CBS sitcom "Lenny".


title: Jenna von Oÿ

text: From 1990 to 1995, von Oÿ appeared in the role of the fast-talking Six Lemeure in the series "Blossom". After the series ended, she attended film school at the University of Southern California and was an active member of the Kappa Alpha Theta sorority for two years before dropping out to return to acting. In 1999, she won the role of Stevie van Lowe, Kim Parker (Countess Vaughn)'s sidekick in "The Parkers".


title: Jenna von Oÿ

text: During the run of "The Parkers", von Oÿ also provided the voice of Trinket St. Blaire in the animated series "Pepper Ann". After "The Parkers" ended its run in 2004, von Oÿ appeared in the 2005 television film, "Marsha Potter Gets a Life". Later that year, she guest-starred in an episode of "Cold Case" and parodied Alexis Bledel's character Rory Gilmore in the "Family Guy" episode "Perfect Castaway".


title: Jenna von Oÿ

text: In addition to television, von Oÿ has also appeared in the feature film "Born on the Fourth of July" (1989) opposite Tom Cruise. She has also provided the voices of Stacey in "A Goofy Movie" (1995) and Gracie in the direct-to-DVD feature "Dr. Dolittle 3" (2006).


title: Jenna von Oÿ

text: In June 2000, von Oÿ recorded a demo compact disc in an attempt to launch a recording career in country music. Her debut album, "Breathing Room", was released on September 18, 2007.


title: Jenna von Oÿ

text: She married computer-data consultant Brad Bratcher in Newtown, Connecticut, in October 2010 but the couple has since divorced. They have two daughters: Gray Audrey Bratcher, who was born on May 21, 2012; and Marlowe Monroe Bratcher, who was born on November 1, 2014.


title: Jenna von Oÿ

text: Von Oy has resided in Nashville for 15 years, where she lives with her partner, two daughters, and 5 pups. She currently works as the associate editor and lead Nashville writer for Nashville-based lifestyle publication StyleBlueprint.


title: Guerrero

text: Guerrero is one of the 32 states that comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 81 municipalities and its capital city is Chilpancingo and its largest city is Acapulco. copied from article, Guerrero As of 2020, Guerrero the population was recorded that 3,540,685 people who live there. The international sales of their production has gone up, production like fresh mangoes, figs, coconuts, pineapple, avocado, and so much more produce. These sales have really helped Guerrero's economy. These productions have also helped In addition to the capital city, the state's largest cities include Acapulco, Petatlán, Ciudad Altamirano, Taxco, Iguala, Ixtapa, Zihuatanejo, and Santo Domingo. Today, it is home to a number of indigenous communities, including the Nahuas, Mixtecs, Tlapanecs, Amuzgos, and formerly Cuitlatecs. copied from article, Guerrero Most of the production is from the local farmers all over the cities of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Iguala. A good portion of Guerrero's income comes from the agriculture and mining. Productions of crops like bananas, coffee, rice, corn, and sugarcane. Mining copper, sliver, and gold. Employees made their day to day income by working in farms and mines to produce these crops. Usually these crops are sold in mercados. Mercados are little trade spots where people go sell handmade artifacts, food, and just about anything. Mercados are also there for people to go and buy groceries or daily things that they may need. Guerrero is a huge place filled with many cultures and different traditions. With most people living in rural areas it's cool to go to one place and fine everything you need at once. With many people who speak indigenous languages as their first language and who over time have adapted to Spanish. This land was founded by Spanish conquistadores who came and took over the indigenous land.


title: Guerrero

text: Geographically, the state is mountainous and rugged with flat areas limited to small mesas and the Pacific coastline. This coastline has been important economically for the area, first as the port of Acapulco in colonial and post-Independence era and today for the tourist destinations of Acapulco, Zihuatanejo and Ixtapa. Tourism is the single most important economic factor of the state and Acapulco's tourism is important to the nation's economy as a whole. However, other sources of employment are scarce in the state, which has caused its ranking as number one in the emigration of workers to the United States.


title: Guerrero

text: The first humans in the state's territory were nomadic hunter-gatherers who left evidence of their existence in various caves starting about 20,000 years ago. Until about 8,000 years ago, climatic conditions better favored human habitation than those today; however, sedentary human habitation happened around this time in the mountainous areas with more moisture, and better soil for agriculture. After that, settlements appeared near the coast because of fishing. At these sites, evidence of weaving, ceramics, basketry and other crafts have been found. Around this time, a grain called teocintle, or the forerunner to corn, became the staple of the diet.


title: Guerrero

text: There is debate as to whether the earliest civilizations here were Olmecs, who migrated to this region or native peoples who were heavily influenced by the Olmecs, especially in the Balsas River area. Olmec influences can be seen in cave paintings such as those found in Juxtlahuaca and Cacahuaziziqui as well as stone tools and jade jewelry from the time period.


title: Guerrero

text: Recent evidence indicates that ancient Guerrero cultures may have influenced the early development of the Olmecs.


title: Guerrero

text: Eventually, the peoples of the Mexcala River area developed their own distinctive culture, called Mezcala or Mexcala. It is characterized by its own sculpture and ceramics, distinguished by its simplicity. Olmec influence remained with this culture, especially evident in the grouping of villages, construction of ceremonial centers and a government dominated by priests. Later, the culture assimilated aspects of the Teotihuacan model, which included the Mesoamerican ballgame .


title: Guerrero

text: Later migrations to the area brought ethnicities such as the Purépecha, Mixtecs, Maya and Zapotecs who left traces on the local cultures as they established commercial centers around the seventh century. In the 8th century, Toltec influence was felt as they traveled the many trade routes through here in search of tropical bird plumage and amate paper. From the 12th century to the 15th, the various peoples of the state were influence by the Chichimecas, culminating in Aztec domination by the 15th century.


title: Guerrero

text: In the 11th century, new migrations entered the area from the north, which included the Nahuas, who occupied what is now the center of the state, and the Purépecha who took over the west. The Nahuas established themselves in Zacatula, Atoyac de Álvarez and Tlacotepec, later conquering the areas occupied by the Chontal Maya and Matlatzincas.


title: Guerrero

text: By the 15th century, the territory of the modern state of Guerrero was inhabited by a number of peoples, none of whom had major cities or population centers. The most important of these peoples where the Purépecha, Cuitlatecs, Ocuitecas and Matlatzincas in the Tierra Caliente, the Chontales, Mazatlecos and Tlahuicas in the Sierra del Norte, the Coixcas and Tepoztecos in the Central Valleys, the Tlapanecos and Mixtecs in the La Montaña, the Jopis, Mixtecos and Amuzgos in Costa Chica and Tolimecas, Chubias, Pantecas and Cuitlecas in Costa Grande. Most of these lived in smaller dominions with moderate social stratification. One distinctive feature of the peoples of this was the use of cotton garments.


title: Guerrero

text: The Aztecs began making incursions in the Guerrero area as early as 1414 under Chimalpopoca as part of the conquest of the Toluca Valley. Incursions into the Tierra Caliente came around 1433 under Itzcoatl who attacked the Cuitlatecos settled between the Teloloapan and Cocula Rivers. By 1440, the Aztec Empire controlled the north of the state, or the La Montaña area. Attempts to take the Costa Chica area began in 1452 against the Yopis, which failed. Various battles would be fought between 1452 and 1511 before most of the rest of the state became Aztec tributary provinces. The modern state of Guerrero comprised seven Aztec provinces.


title: Guerrero

text: During the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, the last Aztec emperor, Cuauhtémoc (who was the son of a Chontal princess and Ahuizotl), came from Ixcateopan de Cuauhtémoc. After the fall of Tenochtitlan, there was little resistance by the peoples of the Guerrero area to the Spanish and a number of them, such as the Amuzgos, actively sided with the Europeans. In 1521, Rodrigo de Castañeda entered the Taxco area, while Gonzalo de Sandoval marched on the Chontal region, the Sierra del Norte, the Iguala valley and later the Costa Chica. Juan Rodriguz de Villafuerte took the Costa Grande area.


title: Guerrero

text: After the Spanish Conquest, the territory was part of the "audencia" or "court of royal law for indigenous peoples" called México, which initially consisted of the lands of the former Aztec Empire, which was then diminished somewhat when it became a province of New Spain. The Guerrero area was attractive to the Spanish mostly for its coast. The first Spanish Pacific port was at Zihuatanejo, used for trade, fishing and pearls. Another important area for the Spanish was Taxco for its minerals. The lands were divided into 76 encomiendas given to the conquistadors to exploit and "civilize" the mines, farmlands, forest and native peoples. Evangelization efforts were undertaken by the Augustinians in the Central Valleys, La Montaña and Tierra Caliente regions while the Franciscans took the northern areas, the Costa Grande and Acapulco.