title: Domino (character)

text: Domino helped found the mercenary band Six Pack, which introduced her to the mutant time-traveler Cable. Domino worked with the Six Pack for some time, taking on many missions for cash. The Six Pack was very brutal in their adventures, often shooting down entire crowds of people who got in their way. The team, also known as the Wild Pack, went on missions in Iran, and participated in a raid on a HYDRA base, which Domino participated in. During her time with the Wild Pack, she had her first confrontations with Stryfe (Cable's evil clone) in Afghanistan and Uruguay.


title: Domino (character)

text: When Cable became the leader of the New Mutants following their break from the X-Men, a mutant named Copycat impersonated Domino and joined as his field leader and stayed with the team as they changed from the New Mutants to X-Force. When it was revealed that the real Domino was actually a prisoner of the supervillain Tolliver for over a year, X-Force rejected Domino's imposter and, with Cable's reassurances, planned to rescue the real Domino and welcome her onto the team.


title: Domino (character)

text: Meanwhile, the real Domino learned of Tolliver's destruction of X-Force's Adirondack base and planned her escape. Cable found her at Tolliver's Italian home, along with her apparently murdered double. Domino was accidentally freed by Deadpool, whom she shot. Cable sent her to find X-Force. She escaped on Tolliver's helicopter and survived a fall from Tolliver's helicopter into the sea. She found X-Force and joined the team.


title: Domino (character)

text: Domino stayed with the team for most of its existence, becoming its "de facto" leader when Cable left the team on several occasions. For a while, she was a prisoner of the forces of Bastion, which severely affected her mentally and physically. During X-Force's existence, Domino had several solo adventures. During one, she was forced to kill her mentally ill, ex–Six Pack partner Grizzly.


title: Domino (character)

text: When X-Force briefly disbanded, Domino joined the X-Corporation. While working in their Hong Kong branch, Domino's partner, Risque, was murdered and she summoned the core group of the X-Men to help investigate. Together the mutants uncovered the truth behind John Sublime's "Third Species" movement: he was harvesting body parts from living mutants to create his U-Men. They also helped free the mutant named Xorn.


title: Domino (character)

text: During her solo period, Domino began to search for her mother, Beatrice, and clues to her past. In her search, Domino learned that the "Project: Armageddon", was still active. Led to a secret base in Florida, Domino finds a mutant boy named Lazarus who had the same eye tattoo. Lazarus imprisoned Domino there for observation. Lazarus turns out to be her half-brother with powerful emotion controlling abilities and the true result of the Perfect Weapon program. Soon after attempting to liberate him, a fanatical group of quasi-priests called the Armajesuits, who were against the project, arrive to kill Lazarus and prevent him from reaching his full development. Domino discovers that her mother leads the Armajesuits and is forced to shoot her to save Lazarus's life. She takes Lazarus to Father Boschelli and the Church she was raised in for sanctuary, although unbeknown to her, Beatrice subsequently abducts Lazarus from there.


title: Domino (character)

text: Later, she was employed by S.H.I.E.L.D. as a member of the new Six Pack. Alongside G. W. Bridge, Hammer, Solo, Anaconda, and Constrictor, she attacked Cable at his community "Providence", but she quickly defected to his side after the Six Pack was defeated by Cable and Deadpool. Domino followed Deadpool to Rumekistan, where she assassinated the country's dictator, Flag-Smasher, only to find out it was part of a plan to install Cable as leader of that nation. After a conversation with Citizen V, she then attempted to kill Cable, believing that he would lead them to ruin.


title: Domino (character)

text: During the 2006 "Civil War" storyline, Domino, Shatterstar and Caliban, under the X-Force name, led an attack on the Xavier Institute and broke out more than half of , bringing the tension between the 198 and O*N*E to a head. After her other team, the Six Pack disbands, she and Cable are allies on Providence, until a fight with Hecatomb causes the island to sink into the ocean, leaving Cable presumed dead.


title: Domino (character)

text: Domino is later recruited by G. W. Bridge along with Silver Sable and the Contessa Valentina Allegra de Fontaine to track down the Punisher. When a fake Punisher started targeting civilians, she was the only team member to believe in Castle's innocence.


title: Domino (character)

text: After the Punisher stint, Domino finds Wolverine and X-Force in Tokyo and joins them in trying to capture Vanisher. Questions to Domino's authenticity have been raised when her luck powers fail her several times.


title: Domino (character)

text: On behalf of Wolverine, Domino is asked to stop in a cemetery to deliver flowers to a deceased loved one. She encounters Spiral, Chimera and Lady Deathstrike who have dug up Revanche's body. After a brief fight, she wounds Chimera and the women escape with the body, but Domino manages to replace Jean Grey's body before the Red Queen could take it as a host.


title: Domino (character)

text: Domino is the first person to learn Red Hulk's identity and is marked for death. Doc Samson provides Red Hulk with a list of people (Deadpool, the Punisher, Thundra and Elektra) to kill her. When the group arrives, they find her in a bar with the members of X-Force. Afterwards, she reveals it was her husband who named her Domino.


title: Domino (character)

text: Domino appears post-"" as a regular member of Storm's security team, tasked with the responsibility of safeguarding Utopia from all foreign threats.. She fights with them during the war against the Avengers.


title: Domino (character)

text: After the events of the 2012 "Avengers vs. X-Men" storyline, Domino left Utopia like all the mutants who lived there. She later joins Cable's new X-Force group.


title: Domino (character)

text: As part of the 2016 Marvel NOW! branding, Domino forms a second incarnation of the Mercs for Money that consisted of Gorilla-Man, Machine Man, and Masacre. When they arrive to help Deadpool when it comes to freeing Negasonic Teenage Warhead from Umbral Dynamics, Domino stated to Deadpool that they arrived to help and that she is calling the shots on the Mercs for Money.


title: Domino (character)

text: Domino appears as a target for the newly revamped Weapon X Program and is opted to join Old Man Logan's new team.


title: Domino (character)

text: For the "Dawn of X" relaunch, she joins the new X-Force team, which now operates as an intelligence agency for Krakoa.


title: Domino (character)

text: Domino is a mutant with the ability to subconsciously generate a "psionic aura" that alters the probabilities of events and actions within her line of sight. The aura causes improbable (but not impossible) outcomes that are personally beneficial. The resulting effects of this "subliminal telekinesis" are observed as "good luck" for Domino and "bad luck" for her opponents (from enemy equipment serendipitously malfunctioning to averting imminent catastrophes through seemingly-chance actions).


title: Domino (character)

text: Instead of consciously activating her probability-warping powers, they trigger automatically when Domino faces potential harm, danger, or personal benefit (e.g. engaging in games of chance). The psionic aura benefits and protects Domino even when she isn't consciously aware that danger is present.


title: Domino (character)

text: Domino must be engaging in an action with multiple possible outcomes for her power to manifest—it will not trigger if she is inactive. Engaging in any action that her power can influence causes Domino's cerebral cortex to emit bio electrical pulses that guide her movements, enhancing her reflexes and agility to near-superhuman levels.


title: Domino (character)

text: Domino is highly trained as a weapons expert and marksman; a superb athlete and swimmer; martial artist and hand-to-hand combatant; and an accomplished linguist.


title: Domino (character)

text: Chris Condry of "Looper" referred to Domino as "potentially the greatest gunslinger in history," saying, "Maybe the number one reason Domino deserves more love is that she is one of the only characters in comics history who allows for a complete suspension of disbelief with her every action. Domino, to whom anything is possible, is a writer's — and therefore a reader's –- dream come true." Rosie Knight of "Nerdist" called Domino "Marvel’s luckiest lady," writing, "Comics offer us up a smorgasbord of cool characters, and sometimes it’s hard to keep up with all of them. [...] Domino is a radical female character who has a surprisingly prestigious selection of creators in her back catalogue." Chase Magnett of "Comicbook.com" described Domino as a "very important name for fans of Marvel Comics," asserting, "Domino is a character that is packed with a lot more potential than her series and film appearances thus far seem to indicate. [...] Domino is one of the greats from X-Force history and is long overdue for some serious recognition in comics and movies." Jim Dandeneau of "Den of Geek" stated, "She’s a ton of fun as a character. Someone who’s lucky all the time and knows it can get into some crazy stuff. Making her a mercenary just leans into the slapstick violence you can pull off with her. And when you pair her with a fourth wall breaker like Deadpool, narrative convenience becomes an end goal of its own." Darby Harn of "CBR.com" wrote, "Domino is one of the luckiest people around, and that's not only to do with her probability-altering powers. This member of the New Mutants and very quickly X-Force thereafter got in on the ground floor of the huge boom in popularity of the world of the X-Men in the early 90s. She quickly became a hallmark character."


title: Domino (character)

text: Joshua Davison of "Bleeding Cool" called "Domino" #1 a "thoughtful, endearing, and thoroughly entertaining book about a badass anti-heroine," writing, ""Domino" #1 is a wonderful comic with a lot of heart and fun at its core. Simone once more shows how she is one of the greatest writers in the business, and David Baldeon brings his distinct style to make the comic look great. This one is highly recommended." Jesse Schedeen of "IGN" gave "Domino" #1 a grade of 7.8 out of 10, saying, "If you've been waiting for Domino to branch out on her own, this new series won't disappoint. It delivers some wacky good fun and stylish visuals while also making it plain that being a super-lucky assassin isn't all it's cracked up to be. While there are some nagging storytelling flaws in this first issue, it's clear that Neena Thurman is in good hands."


title: Domino (character)

text: According to Diamond Comic Distributors, "Domino: Hotshots" #1 was the 43rd best selling comic book in March 2019. The "Domino: Hotshots" trade paper back was the 71st best selling graphic novel in September 2019.


title: Domino (character)

text: Rollin Bishop of "Comicbook.com" gave "Domino: Hotshots" #1 a grade of 4 out of 5, asserting, "Whereas Domino's previous outing ended as a muddled mess, this new miniseries picks up the pieces and orients them towards a new, Celestial threat with a capital "C" that gets things back in order swiftly. The initial setting of the stage is a little awkward, but the actual story here has meat on its bones, and I'm genuinely excited to see what happens next." Melody MacReady of "Screen Rant" ranked the "Domino: Hotshots" comic book series 8th in their "Gail Simone's 10 Best Comics" list, writing, ""Domino: Hotshots" sees the mutant Domino creating her own team of female heroes and anti-heroes known as the Hotshots. This team features the Natasha Romanoff version of Black Widow, White Fox, Outlaw, Diamondback, and Atlas Bear. These drastically different characters who tend to operate solo now working together lead to comedic antics that will make any reader grin. However, their combined skills and ability make for unique action as they are caught between two warring nations. As a bonus, most of these characters are not household names thus making it far from the typical superhero team."


title: Domino (character)

text: A male character named Domino (Dominic Dunsinane) aided the Scourge of the Underworld as an informant. He was killed by a rogue Scourge agent named Bloodstain in "U.S. Agent" #4 (Sept. 1993) (Marvel Comics).


title: Domino (character)

text: In the alternate timeline of the "Age of Apocalypse" storyline, Domino was a sadistic bounty hunter working for Apocalypse, alongside her two henchmen, Caliban and Grizzly. Domino was summoned by the Dark Lord to hunt down Nate Grey. Even though Domino's powers gave her the advantage, she was killed by Nate, who destroyed her mind by exposing her to all the suffering she had caused.


title: Domino (character)

text: In the Earth X storyline, an overweight Domino, still a member of X-Force, was one of the many people who was a pawn of the Skull.


title: Domino (character)

text: In an alternate future seen in a 2005 "X-Force" storyline, Domino takes on the identity of Stryfe. Coming to Earth-616, she rebuilt the Mutant Liberation Front and assisted Cable against Skornn. Her Earth designation is Earth-5014.


title: Domino (character)

text: In the Ultimate Marvel Universe, Domino was introduced in the second part of the ""Cable"" storyline, that can be found in "Ultimate X-Men" #76 (Jan. 2007). Once again, Domino appears to be part of Cable's team and looks just like her original counterpart.


title: Domino (character)

text: In the alternate future of the "", Domino, Rictor, and Feral are the only three survivors of a brutal attack directed against X-Force. They are ambushed by shapeshifting enemies and Domino's luck runs out when a Super Skrull posing as Wolverine drives blades through her chest.


title: Domino (character)

text: Zazie Beetz portrays Domino in the live-action film "Deadpool 2". This version is recruited into Deadpool's X-Force to assist him in rescuing the young mutant Russell Collins from the future soldier Cable before saving Russell's classmates from their abusive headmaster.


title: Domino (character)

text: Domino appears as the title character in "Domino: Strays", an original prose novel written by Tristan Palmgren and released by Aconyte Books as part of an partnership between Marvel and Aconyte.


title: Death (DC Comics)

text: Death of the Endless is a fictional anthropomorphic personification who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics. She first appeared in "The Sandman" vol. 2, #8 (August 1989), and was created by Neil Gaiman and Mike Dringenberg.


title: Death (DC Comics)

text: In the DC Universe continuity, Death is both the end of life and a psychopomp. Like most anthropomorphic personifications of death, Death meets with the recently deceased and guides them into their new existence. Unlike most personifications of death, she also visits people as they are born, according to Destruction in the "Sandman Special: The Song of Orpheus". Evidently, only she seems to remember these encounters. In the special issue, it is also revealed that Death was known in ancient Greece as Teleute. Just as her brother's, Dream's, realm/domain is known as "The Dreaming", Death's realm/domain is known as "The Sunless Lands".


title: Death (DC Comics)

text: Physically, Death is also opposite to the traditional western culture personification of death (see Grim Reaper). In "The Sandman", Death instead appears as an attractive, pale goth girl dressed in casual clothes — often a black top and jeans. She also wears a silver ankh on a chain around her neck, and has a marking similar to the eye of Horus around her right eye. She is pleasant, down-to-earth, perky, and has been a nurturing figure for both incarnations of Dream. This irony has helped make Death one of the most popular characters from "Sandman". Death was named the fifteenth greatest comic book character by "Empire".


title: Death (DC Comics)

text: As Azrael, Death appears in "Superboy", portrayed by Peggy O'Neal, and "Teen Titans Go!", voiced by David Kaye. Kat Dennings voices the character in Audible's "The Sandman" (2019), while Kirby Howell-Baptiste portrays the character in the Netflix series "The Sandman" (2022).


title: Death (DC Comics)

text: Other personifications of Death have appeared in the DC Universe. In "Captain Atom" #42 Death appears alongside Black Racer of the New Gods and Nekron (a being embodying the will of "The Black", the solitude and peace death represents from "Green Lantern"). The story stated that all three were equal, representing different aspects of death. Gaiman has denied this, however, and his stories make it clear that Death of the Endless is the ultimate personification of Death. It might be assumed, however, Nekron, the Racer, and the Black Flash are connected to her in some way. Alternatively, there may be multiple avatars or gods of Death in the DC universe, besides those claiming to be Death. Blackest Night has resolved this apparent contradiction or ambiguity, with Nekron no longer being referred to as an aspect of death but instead as a construct formed of darkness in response to the emerging light of the emotional spectrum.


title: Death (DC Comics)

text: A more traditional version of Death, a skeleton in a bluish or purplish cloak, appeared as host in such DC titles such as "Weird Mystery Tales", "House of Secrets", "Ghosts", "Weird War Tales" (including being in the story in issue #94), "DC Comics Presents" #29, etc. "Weird War Tales" typically featured Death as a skeleton in some sort of military uniform relevant to the era and locality of the war depicted. This character appeared as recently as "Elvira's House of Mystery" #2 (February 1986). How this pre-Crisis Death relates to Gaiman's Death, if at all, is unclear, although her older brother Destiny appeared with the character, and both Deaths have appeared with incarnations of Superman. Superman referred to the earlier Death with the term "Grim Reaper", so perhaps that could be regarded as a distinct character, however, in the pages of "Weird War Tales", he called himself "Death." He also appeared when "Weird War Tales" was published under the Vertigo imprint and in the 2010 "Weird War Tales" one-shot.


title: Death (DC Comics)

text: Death first appeared as a woman in "The Witching Hour" #56 (July 1975) in a tale told by Mordred (written by Carl Wessler and illustrated by Ruben Yandoc). She was depicted with short, curly, red-blonde hair, and was a rival for two men's affections. Both men die in successive car accidents.


title: Death (DC Comics)

text: In "Swamp Thing" vol. 2, #6, The Phantom Stranger met Death in the form of a middle-aged gentleman, possibly inspired by "Death Takes a Holiday". In the story, a young woman, Margaret "Maggie" Brennan, had what should have been a minor head injury and at one glimpse of Death chose to become Death's bride. As someone newly dead herself, she taught Death that he needs to show compassion for the newly dead to allay their fears. He takes her advice and they both serve as aspects of Death. This version of Death was created by Mike W. Barr and Dan Spiegle. Maggie is blonde and bears only minor physical resemblance to Gaiman and Dringenberg's version, though her compassionate nature is a similarity. In "The Spectre" (vol. 2), The Phantom Stranger himself appeared to be the only psychopomp in the DC Universe.


title: Death (DC Comics)

text: The current incarnation of Death first appeared in the final chapter of "Sandman" first story arc "", "The Sound of Her Wings", (issue #8) where she gave Dream direction and a degree of understanding. Death instantly became very popular with readers, and she appears at least briefly in each of the nine subsequent story arcs. However, Gaiman attempted to entice and tease readers by rationing out the number of appearances from Dream's family, so Death did not appear as frequently as one might expect for such a popular character. At the end of the ninth Sandman story arc "", there is a lengthy and noteworthy appearance from Death, in which she finally brings her brother peace.


title: Death (DC Comics)

text: According to Gaiman, the initial visual design of Death was based on a friend of Dringenberg's named Cinamon Hadley. From "The Sandman Companion":


title: Death (DC Comics)

text: McKean also used a series of professional English models for representations of Death on covers of "Sandman."


title: Death (DC Comics)

text: Death is the second eldest of the Endless, a family of anthropomorphic beings. Death is an incomprehensibly power entity having been shown (in a flashback in "") to be virtually omniscient and being able to intimidate the Furies, who show no fear of the other Endless, simply by raising her voice in "". The witch Thessaly mentions that Death is the only one of the Endless who is bound by no rules, supported in Dream's portion of "" in which she briefly makes an appearance at a conference designed to set functions for entities and leaves before it begins. In addition, it is mentioned in "Brief Lives" that she is the only one of the Endless who may survive the end of this incarnation of the universe. Death's realm is not portrayed in detail in the series, except for a brief scene in her "house" in the "Sandman Special", "Song of Orpheus", and later in "The Books of Magic" series. This is where she keeps her floppy hat collection, her goldfish Slim and Wandsworth and possibly her gallery. A brief glimpse of her realm can also be seen in "The Little Endless Storybook", when Barnabas visits her, although this time in her "apartment suite".


title: Death (DC Comics)

text: One day every century, Death lives (and dies) as a mortal, in order to understand the value of the life she takes. She does this by becoming a mortal fated to die that day. At the end of "" her Endless self briefly converses with her mortal self.


title: Death (DC Comics)

text: Death is an immortal being of virtual omnipotence, omniscience and omnipresence. She is not a god of death or agent of it, but Death itself: the end of life. As for the end of her role, Death has said: "When the last living thing dies, my job will be finished. I'll put the chairs on the tables, turn out the lights, and lock the universe behind me when I leave".


title: Death (DC Comics)

text: Death appeared in "Captain Atom" #42-43 (June–July 1990), in which she appeared alongside the Black Racer as one of several aspects of Death in the DC Universe. Gaiman reportedly took issue with this depiction, feeling that portraying her as merely an aspect of death diminished her importance. Other Giffen stories that feature Death include the "Ambush Bug Nothing Special" one-shot (Sep. 1992) and a cameo in the Lobo comic book "Lobo's Back" #3 (Oct. 1992), in which she slaps Lobo for getting fresh with her. She observes the destruction of the Earth in "Legion of Super-Heroes" vol. 4 #38 (Dec. 1992).


title: Death (DC Comics)

text: Death's popularity saw her spun off into two solo miniseries, "" (1993), and "" (1996). Both were written by Gaiman and illustrated by Chris Bachalo, and dealt with Death's encounters with various mortals. "Death: The High Cost of Living" became the first comic released under the newly instigated Vertigo branding in 1993, at which point "The Sandman" also moved from the DC to Vertigo imprint. A third miniseries, "The Girl who Would Be Death" by Caitlín R. Kiernan, was about a girl who purchased an ankh stolen from Death and tried to become her. Death is never actually seen in the series, but she speaks and acts in the third and fourth issues of the four-issue series.


title: Death (DC Comics)

text: In 2003, the manga-style graphic novel "" portrayed Death's activities during the fourth Sandman story arc "". It was written and illustrated by Jill Thompson, and the format proved popular enough for Thompson to produce the similarly manga-influenced follow-up "Dead Boy Detectives", featuring minor "Sandman" characters, and "featuring a cameo by Death".


title: Death (DC Comics)

text: A one-shot issue titled "Death Gallery" (1994) was released as one of several art showcase comics from DC Comics spotlighting various Sandman characters released between 1994 and 1995. The "Death Gallery" featured representations of Death by more than thirty comics artists, including a rough sketch by Gaiman himself. In "" (2003) Gaiman shows Death several billion years ago, with a markedly different personality — forbidding and joyless.


title: Death (DC Comics)

text: She also appears in "The Books of Magic" (first volume, 1991, also written by Gaiman) at the very end of time, where her function is to set things in order and close the universe down. She meets Timothy Hunter and Mister E there after Mister E has taken Timothy all the way to the end of time, because only there can he kill Timothy without fear of interference. Death stops the murder on the grounds that "I took both of you billions of years ago". She sends Timothy back home, but forces Mister E to return the hard way. John Ney Rieber included her in "The Books of Magic" (vol. 2 #3-4), in which she lets Timothy Hunter hang out at her house and hold her teddy bear, Cavendish, while he is recovering from the venom of the Manticore. Hunter later encounters Death walking in the rain in "The Books of Magic" #25, and there was later an arc about her in "". In "Hellblazer" #120, Death appears briefly in a pub filled with ghosts.


title: Death (DC Comics)

text: She also appeared in Mike Carey's "Lucifer" series when the eponymous main character was wounded and nearly died. Initially it appears that Death has actually arrived for Lucifer, but in fact she is there for Elaine Belloc who dies (temporarily) saving Lucifer's life. Death admits she has arrived a little early and takes the opportunity to talk to Lucifer who is currently trapped between life and death.


title: Death (DC Comics)

text: In "Madame Xanadu", the title character calls out to her while chained up and denied access to her youth potions during the French Revolution. As she is a survivor from the days of King Arthur, she grows very old very quickly without them. She summons Death and reads her own cards, interpreting her Death card as predictive of her future destiny on earth. Death is so amused by this interpretation that she grants Madame Xanadu immortality, revocable any time Xanadu wishes. Death appeared in "Action Comics" #894, which was written by Paul Cornell. Gaiman helped write Death's dialogue to ensure that her characterization remained consistent with "The Sandman". In the story, while searching for a black power ring, Lex Luthor encounters her. She appears again in issue #900 and in "The Flash" (vol. 3) #6, part of the "Brightest Day" crossover.


title: Death (DC Comics)

text: In the AIDS-awareness eight-page comic "Death Talks About Life" by Gaiman and McKean (which was first included in various Vertigo titles, and later released as a stand-alone giveaway pamphlet), Death demonstrates safe sex by placing a condom on a banana held by John Constantine. Lightening the impact of the underlying message, she informs the reader that when one is through with the demonstration, "you can eat the banana". This was used in high school health classes and is also reprinted as an addendum to the "Death: The High Cost of Living" trade paperback.


title: Death (DC Comics)

text: This version of Death also made a cameo appearance in the crossover special "Avengers/JLA" #2. She is represented in the Grandmaster's home base, alongside Deadman, Hela and the purple-robed version of Death native to the Marvel Universe, which, as the plots of other crossover comics have hinged upon, exists in the same continuum of fictional universes as DC's. Marvel's version of Death appears alternatively as a coldly beautiful woman in a purple robe or a walking skeleton (sometimes male and sometimes female in form, depending upon the context).


title: Death (DC Comics)

text: She made an appearance in the Marvel Universe, at the wedding of Rick Jones and Marlo Chandler in "The Incredible Hulk" #418 (handing Marlo a hair brush, a visual pun referring to Marlo's recent 'brush with death').


title: Death (DC Comics)

text: Audible released a drama version in July 2019, starring Neil Gaiman, James McAvoy, Taron Egerton, Michael Sheen, and Andy Serkis. Death was played by Kat Dennings.


title: Akku Yadav

text: Bharat Kalicharan (1971 or 1972 – 13 August 2004), also known as Akku Yadav, was an Indian gangster, robber, home invader, kidnapper, serial rapist, extortionist, and serial killer. Yadav grew up in the Kasturba Nagar slum, which is outside the Indian central city of Nagpur, Maharashtra. He lived and did business in the slum which housed a number of criminals and two rival gangs.


title: Akku Yadav

text: Yadav's earliest known crime was a gang rape in 1991. Yadav and his gang committed crimes like rape, murder, home invasion, and extortion in Kasturba Nagar for 13 years until his death. Yadav tried to create a small business empire; he extorted money, harming and threatening those who resisted him. During his life as a criminal, Yadav murdered at least three individuals. He tortured and kidnapped people, invaded homes, and raped over 40 women and girls. He bribed police, giving them money and buying them drinks to convince them to let him continue committing crimes. As a result, the police not only refused to stop Yadav for many years but supported him. Yadav and his associates gang raped women and girls as young as age 10 as a warning to those who resisted him.


title: Akku Yadav

text: After a woman named Usha Narayane resisted Yadav and his gang, a mob burned down her house. Yadav went to the police seeking protection. On 13 August 2004, he was lynched by several hundred women who stabbed and stoned him. He had chili powder thrown in his face, and his penis was hacked off. The women all claimed responsibility for the murder, and although some were arrested, they were eventually acquitted. Although hundreds of women were involved in the lynching, the State CID had a different version of the events. Senior police sources said the lynching was carried out by four men and that the women who had claimed responsibility were protecting them. None of the women agreed with the police version. Police said that both men and women were present when the lynch mob appeared. On the day of the lynching, BBC News initially reported that about 14 women and several children forced their way into the courtroom and stabbed Yadav to death. A film based on the incident, "200: Halla Ho," was released on 20 August 2021 digitally on ZEE5. A limited webseries called "Indian Predator: Murder in a courtroom" was released on Netflix depicting the story and interviews of the victims.


title: Akku Yadav

text: Akku Yadav grew up in the Kasturba Nagar slum outside the central Indian city of Nagpur, Maharashtra. He had two brothers—Santosh and Yuvraj. Yadav lived and did business in the slum, which housed some criminals and, according to police, two rival gangs who worked the area. In her book "Killing Justice: Vigilantism in Nagpur", author Swati Mehta wrote: "by all accounts, a child of the neighborhood, Akku had graduated from milkman's son to local menace."


title: Akku Yadav

text: In their book "Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide", authors Nicholas D. Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn wrote: "Akku Yadav was, in a sense, the other 'success' of Kasturba Nagar. He was a deplorable man who had turned an apprenticeship as a small-time thug into a role as a mobster and king of the slum." Yadav ruled a gang of criminals who controlled the Kasturba Nagar slum. They robbed, tortured, and killed people with impunity. Yadav committed crimes for several years as he created a small business empire. He and his gang members often harassed and intimidated people to extort money. Extortion was his main source of income, and he would hurt people if they did not give him money or if they angered him in any way. Yadav characteristically threatened to rape anyone who resisted him. It is known that many of the Yadav's rape victims were Dalits, who face a disproportionate level of difficulty in receiving justice for cases of sexual assault.


title: Akku Yadav

text: Pratibha Urkude and her husband Dattu ran a small grocery shop and Yadav harassed them for years. He would pick up goods from the shop and refuse to pay or would simply pay much less than was owed. Sometimes he would demand money and become violent if they were unable to pay. Yadav often worried he was being plotted against. As a result, he did not permit men or women to gather and talk. He made sure young boys did not play together, and if they did, Yadav would break up their games. Suspicious that people were asking questions about him, he would warn people against reporting his crimes to police, threatening them if they did so. Killing left inconvenient corpses that required him to bribe police to prevent them from stopping his crimes.


title: Akku Yadav

text: Rape, however, was very stigmatizing and, as a result, the victims could be relied on to remain silent. Yadav raped people to silence them far more frequently than murdering them. The women who killed Yadav claimed that he had been raping and abusing local women with impunity for over a decade. They alleged that local police had refused to help his victims or pursue charges because Yadav was bribing them. According to Mehta, Akku Yadav's first crime was a gang rape in 1991. His other crimes included rape, murder, robbery, extortion, home invasion, assault, and criminal intimidation. Before his death, Yadav had been arrested some 14 times. In late 1999, he was detained for a year under the Maharashtra preventive detention law—The Maharashtra Prevention of Dangerous Activities of Slumlords, Boot-leggers, Drug Offenders and Dangerous Persons Act 1981.


title: Akku Yadav

text: Yadav allegedly raped so many people that according to residents of the Kasturba Nagar slum, a rape victim lives in every other house there. Yadav allegedly raped over 40 women; his youngest victim being a 10-year-old girl. One person described Yadav as "the Gabbar Singh of Kasturba Nagar" saying, "We stayed mostly indoors when Akku was around". Women have said Yadav and his gang would invade homes any time of the day. He sometimes wanted a motorcycle or would grab a mobile phone or extort money. Yadav and his gang members would beat up anyone who resisted them. He murdered a woman named Asha Bai, a daughter of Anjana Bai Borkar, in front of her 16-year-old granddaughter. Borkar was one of five women arrested for Yadav's lynching. Speaking of Yadav, the granddaughter said: "We were eating dinner when he came to the front door and pretended to be a friend of my brother. When my mother opened the door, he dragged her out and stabbed her. He then cut off her ears for her earrings and her fingers because he could not get her rings." Yadav had reportedly murdered at least three people and dumped their bodies on local railroad tracks.


title: Akku Yadav

text: One woman described how she and her husband were attacked by Yadav. He came to their house at 4:00– AM–5:00 AM. Yadav knocked aggressively on their door saying he was a police official, and asked them to open it. Once Yadav entered, he stabbed the husband in the thigh with a knife, locked him in the bathroom and dragged the wife by her hair away to a place where he raped her. Yadav allowed her to return after three or four hours. In January 2004, Yadav was banned from entering Nagpur city. An elderly man named Harichand Khorse, who earned a small amount of money playing a musical instrument called a baja, was beaten violently by Yadav because he was unable to pay 100 rupees. According to neighbors in Kasturba Nagar, Yadav once raped a woman right after her wedding. He also stripped a man naked and burned him with a cigarette, then forced him to dance in front of his 16-year-old daughter. Yadav took a woman named Asho Bhagat and tortured her in front of her daughter and several neighbors by cutting off her breasts. Yadav then sliced Bhagat into pieces on the street, killing her. A man named Avinash Tiwari, one of the neighbors, was horrified by the murder and planned to report Yadav to the police. As a result, Yadav butchered him. Yadav and his men gang-raped a woman named Kalma ten days after she gave birth. After what happened to her, Kalma committed suicide; she burned to death after dousing herself with kerosene and lighting it. Yadav's gang pulled another woman from her house when she was seven months pregnant. They stripped her naked and raped her on the road in public view.


title: Akku Yadav

text: Yadav ordered his men to drag girls as young as age 12 to a nearby derelict building to gang rape. Many of Yadav's victims reported his crimes. Instead of arresting him, the police told him who had reported the crime; Yadav would go after them. The police worked with Yadav, protected him and supported him; he gave them bribes and drinks. When a 22-year-old woman reported being raped by Yadav, the police accused her of having an affair with him and sent her away. Several women were turned away by police after being told: "You're a loose woman. That's why he raped you." One woman told the police she was gang-raped by Yadav and his associates. The police responded by gang raping the woman themselves. Twenty-five families moved out of Kasturba Nagar. People however, removed their daughters from schools and kept them locked inside their homes where nobody could see them. Vegetable vendors avoided Kasturba Nagar, so housewives had to go to far away markets to buy food. As long as Yadav only targeted poor people, police would not interfere.


title: Akku Yadav

text: After Yadav raped a 13-year-old girl, he and his men went to the house of a woman named Ratna Dungiri to demand money. The gang smashed her furniture and threatened to murder her family. When a woman named Usha Narayane arrived afterward, she told Dungiri to go to the police. Dungiri refused, so Narayane went to the police herself and filed a complaint. They told Yadav about the complaint. Enraged by her actions, two weeks before he died, Yadav and forty of his associates went to the Narayane house and surrounded it. Yadav carried a bottle of acid and shouted through the door that he would not harm Narayane if she withdrew the complaint. Narayane barricaded the door and refused to surrender. She called the police and although she was told they would come, they never arrived. Meanwhile, Yadav continued to pound on the door and threaten her, saying: "I'll throw acid on your face, and you won't be in a position to file any more complaints! If we ever meet you, you don't know what we'll do to you! Gang rape is nothing! You can't imagine what we'll do to you!" Narayane shouted back insults, and Yadav responded with descriptions of how he would rape, burn her with acid, and murder her. Yadav and his men tried to break the door down. In response, Narayane turned on a cylinder of gas that the family used for cooking and grabbed a match. She warned that if they broke into the house, she would light the match and blow herself and all of them up. The criminals smelled the gas and left Narayane alone.


title: Akku Yadav

text: The neighbors heard about what Narayane had done and were now willing to go after Yadav. Soon there were many angry victims on the streets, and they started to pick up sticks and stones. People threw stones at Yadav's associates. His men saw the crowd's mood and fled. The victims marched through the slum and celebrated. On 6 August 2004, they went to Yadav's house and burned it down. Yadav now feared for his life and went to the police for protection; they arrested him for his own protection on 7 August 2004. Yadav's mother vacated his house. On 7 August, Yadav was due to appear at the city district court and 500 slum residents gathered. As Yadav arrived, one of his men tried to pass him knives wrapped in a blanket; the police failed to notice this. After the women protested, the accomplice was arrested, and Yadav was taken back into custody. He threatened to return and teach every woman in the slum a lesson. On 8 August 2004, a group attacked Yadav while he was being taken before the court; he survived the attack only to be lynched five days later.


title: Akku Yadav

text: After the police arrested Yadav for his own protection, a bail hearing was scheduled for him on 13 August 2004 in India's Nagpur District Court. Word spread through the adjoining neighborhood that he would be released. The police planned to keep him in custody until everyone had calmed down and then release him. The bail hearing was supposed to take place miles away in the center of Nagpur.


title: Akku Yadav

text: Hundreds of women marched from the slums to the courthouse carrying vegetable knives and chili powder, walked into the courtroom and took seats near the front. Yadav walked in and was confident and unrepentant. At about 2:30 to 3:00 PM, when Yadav appeared, he saw a woman he had raped. Yadav mocked her, called her a prostitute and said he would rape her again. The police laughed. The woman started hitting him on the head with her footwear. She told Yadav either she would kill him or he would have to kill her saying, "We can't both live on this Earth together. It's you or me."


title: Akku Yadav

text: Yadav was then lynched by the mob of 200–400 women who showed up. He was stabbed at least 70 times, and chili powder and stones were thrown in his face. The chili powder was also thrown into the faces of police officers who guarded him. The police officers, overwhelmed and terrified, fled immediately. One of his alleged victims also hacked off his penis. The lynching occurred in Nagpur District Court No. 7 on the marble floor of the courtroom. As he was being lynched, Yadav was horrified and shouted: "Forgive me! I won't do it again!". The women passed their knives around and kept stabbing him; each woman agreed to stab Yadav at least once. His blood was on the floors and walls of the courtroom. In 15 minutes, Yadav was dead; he was 32 years old. The mob continued attacking his corpse post-mortem.


title: Akku Yadav

text: The women claimed the murder was unplanned. One woman said: "We didn't have any formal meetings, but it spread by word of mouth that we had to take united action." The State CID had a different version of the lynching. According to senior police sources, the lynching was done by four men with sharp weapons, and the women of Kasturba Nagar claimed responsibility for the lynching to protect those men. None of the women agreed with the police version, and police said both men and women were there when the lynch mob appeared. BBC News reported on the lynching on the day it occurred saying: "Initial reports said about 14 women and several children forced their way into the courtroom" and stabbed Akku Yadav to death.


title: Akku Yadav

text: The women returned to Kasturba Nagar to tell their husbands and fathers they had killed Yadav. The slum celebrated, and families put on music and danced in the streets. They bought food and handed out fruit to their friends. Five women were arrested immediately but released following demonstrations in the city. Every woman living in the locality claimed responsibility for the lynching. Usha Narayane was arrested and charged with murder, as were other women. A crowd of 400 women and more than 100 men and children gathered at the courthouse to support the women. The crowd said they would not move until the women were granted bail. In 2012, Narayane was acquitted. Twenty-one others, including six women, were also arrested and released due to lack of evidence.


title: Akku Yadav

text: A judge noted a lack of reliable witnesses to the lynching, including unreliable police statements, and cited Yadav's autopsy report, which showed alcohol in his system, as proof that he was receiving preferential treatment from police. Retired high court judge Bhau Vahane publicly defended the women who lynched Yadav, saying: "In the circumstances they underwent, they were left with no alternative but to finish Akku. The women repeatedly pleaded with the police for their security, but the police failed to protect them." Vahane also said: "If they took law into their hands, it was because the law and law-enforcing agencies had not given them succour." ACP Dalbir Bharati said: "There are 200 women who say we did it. The investigating officer found no weapon or blood marks on the five women who were arrested, we found no evidence against these women." Shortly after Yadav's death, "Outlook", an Indian magazine, reported that local police spoke indirectly about gang-war rivalries between Yadav's group and a smaller one that allegedly supported the women. According to "Outlook", a nephew of Yadav swore revenge for his lynching. In 2014, it was reported that all of the remaining accused in the Akku Yadav murder case were released due to a lack of evidence.


title: Akku Yadav

text: In 2011, a documentary about Yadav called "Candles in the Wind" was released. On the night of 4 December 2013, a nephew of Yadav named Mukri Chhotelal Yadav was stabbed to death at age 30 by two teenagers aged 15 and 17. Mukri allegedly made sexual advances on one of the teenagers' grandmothers and had once threatened her with a knife. The grandmother, who was in her 50s, was teased by Mukri and he often intimidated her. The grandmother told the teens about this and the teens warned Mukri, but he continued to victimize the grandmother. Mukri, like Yadav, also had a history of crime.


title: Akku Yadav

text: In 2015, a movie inspired by Yadav called "Keechaka" was released. It was controversial and women protested against the movie because of the graphic violence against women depicted in it. The movie's director, N.V.B. Chaudhary, defended the film, saying it supports women. "200 Halla Ho", a crime thriller film released in 2021 featuring actor Amol Palekar, was based on Yadav.


title: Dongle

text: A dongle is a small piece of computer hardware that connects to a port on another device to provide it with additional functionality, or enable a pass-through to such a device that adds functionality.


title: Dongle

text: In computing, the term was initially synonymous with "software protection dongles"—a form of hardware digital rights management where a piece of software will only operate if a specified dongle—which typically contains a license key or some other cryptographic protection mechanism—is plugged into the computer while it is running.


title: Dongle

text: There are varying accounts on the etymology of the word "dongle"; in a 1999 paper, P. B. Schneck stated that the origin was unclear, but that it was possibly a corruption of the word "dangle" (since these devices "dangle" from a port on a PC).


title: Dongle

text: A 1992 "Byte" magazine advertisement by Rainbow Technologies claimed that dongles were invented by and named after a person named "Don Gall", which spawned an urban legend. Linguist Ben Zimmer noted that the claim was likely a by-product of their "tongue-in-cheek" marketing style, and "was so egregiously false that the company happily owned up to it as a marketing ploy when pressed by Eric S. Raymond, who maintains the Jargon File, an online lexicon of hacker slang."


title: Dongle

text: Security dongles are typically used to help prevent unauthorized use and copying of certain forms of software. Initially using ports such as the serial port or parallel port, most are now in USB format.


title: Dongle

text: In the mid-to-late 2010s, the dongle form factor was extended to digital media players with a small, stick-like form factor—such as Chromecast and Fire TV Stick—that are designed to plug directly into an HDMI port on a television or AV receiver (powered via Micro USB connection to the television itself or an AC adapter), in contrast to a larger set-top box-style device. Single-board computers, such as the Intel Compute Stick, have also been produced in a similar means.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: The is a mini SUV produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Daihatsu since 1997 as the successor to the F300 series Rocky. It was initially offered in both short and long-wheelbase configurations before the former stopped production in 2016 to be replaced by the A200 series Rocky crossover in 2019. The long-wheelbase variant is available mainly for the Indonesian market with three-row seating options. A smaller kei car model called the Terios Kid/Lucia was also available for the first-generation model.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: Rear-wheel drive is standard across all generations, while four-wheel drive option was available for the first and second-generation models.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: Since August 2016, the Terios has been sold exclusively in Indonesia. Throughout three generations, it has also been marketed by Toyota and Perodua under various nameplates as well.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: The name "Terios" is originated from the Old Greek word, which is roughly translated to "making dreams come true".


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: Initially previewed as the MS-X97, the first-generation Terios was available as a five-door wagon, and a smaller kei car model called the Terios Kid, which was only released in Japan. Model codes for the first generation were J100, J102 and J122. The Terios Kid arrived in October 1998 and continued to be built six years after the original Terios had been replaced. By the end of 2002, Daihatsu sold 33,000 units of Terios and 97,000 units of Terios Kid.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: In 2000, Daihatsu gave the Terios a mild facelift both in the exterior and interior of the vehicle. A new chrome grille replaced the black plastic grille. The high-grade model gained electric front windows, central locking, rear seat head restraints, alloy wheels, roof rails and a roof-mounted rear spoiler. Mechanically, the 1.3-litre SOHC four-cylinder engine fitted to the previous model had been replaced by the new 1.3-litre DOHC four-cylinder engine. Power was also increased by . A sport version of the K3-VET engine was produced in Japan.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: In Australia, a limited edition sports series was introduced in 2001 with only 200 units being available. The vehicle had body colour matching bumpers, different from the two-tone bumper colour on the standard model. Rear spoiler and sunroof became standard. The interior was updated with metallic paint finish on the centre console and dashboard.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: This is the first Daihatsu automobile to be assembled in Venezuela, where production began in November 2001.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: The first-generation Terios is also known as the in Japan. A kei car version, called Terios Kid or Terios Lucia, also available for local market until 2012.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: In Malaysia, the Terios was locally assembled as the Perodua Kembara by Perodua. It was unveiled in August 1998. In June 2003, the Kembara was updated with DVVT engines. In July 2004, the Kembara CT Elegance was unveiled and came with ABS, front dual airbags, leather seats, different designed alloy rim, flat type side step and cubic printing cluster. It was priced at RM59,988 and only available in one colour: Klasik Gold.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: In Indonesia, a version of the Terios is known as the Daihatsu Taruna (chassis code: F500/F520), with a different front/rear styling and longer rear-based body capable of seating seven people. The name Taruna translates roughly as "young knight" or "cadet" in Indonesian. The Taruna was launched in July 1999 with a 1589 cc HD-C petrol engine with carburetor. It was initially available in short-wheelbase configuration only, the C-series. The engine was later replaced with a 1498 cc HE-E petrol engine with electronic fuel injection in 2001 and the long-wheelbase configuration, the F-series, was introduced with the same HD-C engine as the 1999-2001 C-series, and later replaced with the same HE-E engine as the 2001 C-series in the same year. The Taruna received facelifts in August 2001, July 2003, March 2004 and March 2005. It was available with CL and FL, CX and FX, and CSX and FGX grades. There were also CSR and FGZ special grades, which were similar to CSX and FGX, with a 1589 cc HD-E petrol engine with electronic fuel injection.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: In China, the Terios was produced under two different brand names: as the Zotye 2008/Hunter and 5008 powered with a 1.5-litre engine from Mitsubishi Motors (first series body); the Zotye was an unauthorised copy of the Terios, which caused some controversy, while FAW badged the Terios as the Huali Terios or Dario. In 2009, Daihatsu withdrew from the China market due to bad performance and sold the tooling and rights of this car to First Auto Works (FAW), who was their official joint venture partner in China. Production for the 2008 ran from 2005 to 2010, while the 5008 was produced from 2008 to 2013.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: In India, a Terios-derived vehicle known as the Premier RiO was sold from 2009. It was in turn a rebadged Zotye 2008, and assembled by Premier Automobiles Limited. It was powered by a Peugeot diesel and petrol engine and since 2012 had a Fiat 1.3 Multijet diesel option.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: The concept model called D-Compact 4x4 made an appearance in September 2005 at the Frankfurt Motor Show and in November 2005 at the 39th Tokyo Motor Show before being named to Terios, which went into production in January 2006. The model codes are J200, J210 and J211 for the short wheelbase configuration which has a 5-seater configuration; F700 and F710 for the long wheelbase configuration that was built to accommodate the 7-seater configuration. It is built on a "built-in ladder frame" monocoque body, which is claimed to "achieve balance between lighter weight, higher body rigidity, and comfort".


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: In European, South American and most other Asian markets, the model is sold under the name Terios. Daihatsu designed and manufacture the Terios and also supplies the vehicle to Toyota as the under a consigned/OEM manufacturing agreement. According to the company, the name "Rush" is inspired from a "sense of energetic vitality and cheerfulness".


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: For the Japanese market, the first-generation Terios was succeeded by the and the first-generation Toyota Rush. Both vehicles were announced on 17 January 2006. According to Daihatsu, the name "Be‣go" was derived from the combination of "being" and "going" words. The Rush was an exclusive model to the "Toyopet Store" dealership network.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: Both use either 1.3-litre or 1.5-litre engine. Only the 1.5-litre variant is available with both two- or four-wheel drive. The vehicle has a permanent 4WD system via lockable central differential. However, it lacks low ratio gears.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: A minor refresh of the Be‣go and Rush was unveiled on 13 November 2008 in Japan. The minor facelift brought redesigned front bumper, tail lamps, alloy wheel design for the G grade and a 5% improvement for fuel economy for the 2WD automatic model. The Be‣go and Rush were discontinued in March 2016 and succeeded by the A200 series Rocky/Toyota Raize crossover in November 2019.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: In Chile, the second-generation Terios in short wheelbase was launched in 2006. It was re-branded as the Toyota Rush in August 2016, as Daihatsu left that market.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: The second-generation Terios and first-generation Rush were both launched in Indonesia on 14 December 2006, with the former succeeded the Taruna. Both cars were sold in long wheelbase configuration and rear-wheel drive layout only. Three-row seating were standard on the Terios and optional on the Rush. The Terios was initially offered in TS, TS Deluxe, TS Extra, TX Deluxe, TX Elegant and TX Adventure grade levels, while the Rush came with G and S grades. All Terios grades and Rush G grade have three-spoke steering wheel similar to the F600 series Xenia/Avanza, while Rush S grade has four-spoke steering wheel similar to the pre-facelift and first facelift AN40 series Kijang Innova V grade (as Rush S grade has dual SRS airbags as standard). On 1 October 2008, the Indonesian market Terios received updates such as standard body-coloured side body mouldings, as well as side visors, single SRS airbag on the driver's side and parking sensors, followed by the Rush in August 2009. The X Elegant grade was removed in this update.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: The Terios and Rush received their first facelift on 5 and 6 October 2010 respectively. Both Terios and Rush received a redesigned center dashboard design with integrated audio system similar to the short-wheelbase counterpart, with Rush received a redesigned three-spoke steering wheel. The S grade of Rush was later replaced by TRD Sportivo grade on 29 August 2013. At the same time, the Terios received some minor updates and dual SRS airbags became standard on both Terios and Rush.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: On 20 March 2015, both the Terios and Rush received their second facelift, consisted of projector headlamps with LED positioning lamps, a wider grille with a chrome lower bar, a full-width air intake for the lower bumper and a blacked-out centre piece. The steering wheel was updated to the one used in F650 series Xenia/Avanza. On 18 February 2016, the R Custom grade was added for the Terios, followed by TRD Sportivo Ultimo grade (with TRD suspension kits) for the Rush on 26 February. Three-row seating became standard on both TRD Sportivo grades.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: In Singapore, the Terios is offered by the local distributor in both short and long wheelbase configurations with an 1.5-litre engine and as a 4WD as standard.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: In Malaysia, the second-generation Terios is available as the Toyota Rush (2008 to 2017) and Perodua Nautica (2008 to 2009). The Rush was introduced in January 2008 as a long-wheelbase model. Imported from Indonesia, it offers three-row seating as standard. The Nautica was introduced in April 2008 as a rebadged model of the short-wheelbase Terios/Rush. Available with standard four-wheel drive, it was imported from Japan as the replacement to the Perodua Kembara.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: The first-generation Rush was launched in Malaysia in January 2008. It is available in two grade levels: 1.5G (with either manual or automatic transmission) and 1.5S (with automatic transmission only). The Rush sold in Malaysia is the long wheelbase in seven-seat configuration.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: In April 2015, the Rush received its second facelift with the same model in the Indonesian market. Exterior changes included redesigned front bumper, radiator grille and bonnet. The bumper is finished in a two-tone effect and the grille is finished with faux carbon-fibre. Elsewhere, there is a new integrated chrome lining highlight running across the headlamp and radiator grille, restyled tail lamps with combination LEDs and smoked lenses. The 1.5S has additional equipment including fog lamps, chrome covers for the wing mirrors, and leather steering wheel and gear knob.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: Perodua launched the rebadged version of the short-wheelbase Terios, called "Nautica" in May 2008. The model was fully imported from Japan, except for the front grille, front bumper and rear bumper which are manufactured and fitted in Malaysia. It has a 1.5-litre DVVT engine, full-time 4WD, projector headlamps, and five seats with dark interior. The price tag of the Nautica is not much different from the long wheelbase Rush. It comes with only two colour choices: Medallion Grey and Majestic Black, and comes in automatic transmission only. The Nautica was quietly discontinued in 2009, slightly less than a year after its launch. Only a mere total of 489 units were ever sold. The reason for the discontinuation was because as a national car company focused on local manufacturing, Perodua was unable to obtain sufficient necessary Approved Permits for vehicle importation, as the Nautica was imported in CBU form from Japan.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: The third-generation Terios was unveiled in Indonesia on 23 November 2017, along with the second-generation Rush. The development of the car was led by chief engineer Eiji Fujibayashi in 2015, with its design influenced from the FT Concept. Unlike previous models, these generation of cars are sold in long wheelbase configuration only and neither the short wheelbase configuration nor four-wheel drive option are offered. It uses the same platform as the long wheelbase version of second-generation model, albeit with some tweaks.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: Compared to its predecessors, the design of the car has been made more streamlined, akin to crossovers. This model has a rear liftgate rather than a side-opening rear door and no longer has the spare tyre mounted on the rear door.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: The model codes are F800 for the Terios/international market Rush and F850 for the Malaysian market Rush/Perodua Aruz.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: The Indonesian market Terios/Rush went on sale on 3 January 2018. Both models are offered only in three-row configuration. With the third row backrest folded down, there are of storage space, which is expanded to when tumbled up.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: The Terios was initially available in 4 grade levels: X, X Deluxe, R and R Deluxe. The R Custom grade was later added in August 2018. The Rush came with G and TRD Sportivo grades.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: Due to high demand, the production of Terios and Rush was also conducted in Astra Daihatsu Motor's Karawang plant alongside the Sunter plant since August 2019.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: In August 2021, the TRD Sportivo grade of Rush was renamed to GR Sport. Redesigned bumper add-ons and side body mouldings were included in this update. It also received start-stop system as standard, followed by Terios in September.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: The Rush was released in the Philippines on 4 May 2018 and was initially offered in two grade levels: E, which has five seats and is available with either manual or automatic transmission, and G, which has seven seats and is only available with an automatic transmission.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: In May 2022, the GR Sport grade was launched which replaced the previous top-spec G grade. The Rush was also updated with an updated 7-inch infotainment system with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto compatibility as standard for both the E and GR Sport grades.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: After the replacement of the first and second-generation Terios (sold under Daihatsu badge), the Rush was released in Brunei on 5 May 2018. The car is available in mid or high-grade model lineups, four-speed automatic transmission and seven-seat variant only.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: In Bangladesh, the Rush is only available in one grade level: S, which has 7 seats and 4-speed automatic transmission option only.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: The Rush was released in South Africa on 4 July 2018, replaced the previous Daihatsu-badged Terios. It is only available in a five-seat version and offered in five-speed manual or four-speed automatic options.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: The Rush was unveiled in Pakistan on 31 August 2018. It went on sale on 10 September 2018. Three variants are available and there is only a seven-seat option.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: The Rush was launched in Malaysia on 18 October 2018. It is assembled by Perodua as a complete knock-down unit at its plant in Rawang, Selangor. There is only a seven-seat variant. It is only available with a four-speed automatic transmission though two grade levels are available: 1.5 G and 1.5 S. The 1.5 S grade is equipped with a pre-collision system.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: The Rush is also sold by Perodua as the Perodua Aruz, which was launched on 15 January 2019. The name "Aruz" is taken from the Malay word ""arus"", meaning "flow". A media preview occurred in December 2018 while booking opened on 3 January 2019, and since then has made 2,200 bookings at the time of launch. There is only a seven-seat version. It is available only with a four-speed automatic transmission though two grade levels are available: 1.5 X and 1.5 AV (Advance). By March 2019, Perodua had successfully delivered 4,000 units of the Aruz with a total booking count at 14,000, and by the beginning of June 2019, roughly 13,000 Aruz had been delivered with a total booking count standing at 25,000.


title: Daihatsu Terios

text: On 15 July 2019, Toyota had announced that around 60,000 units of the Indonesian market Rush manufactured from December 2017 to February 2019 would be recalled due to a problem regarding the airbags. It is stated that the affected models were found to have an improperly programmed airbag control module which could cause the side curtain airbags to accidentally deploy even when the vehicle is running normally. An impact on the rear wheel when passing a pothole or dent may be misinterpreted as a collision, which may cause deployment of the side curtain airbags. The Terios models were not affected due to the fact that the model is not being equipped with side curtain airbags.


title: Pavitra Rishta

text: Pavitra Rishta (International title: Sacred Relationship) is a 2009 Indian soap opera produced by Ekta Kapoor of Balaji Telefilms, that aired on Zee TV from 1 June 2009 to 25 October 2014. It is an adaptation of Tamil television series Thirumathi Selvam.


title: Pavitra Rishta

text: In late 2018 and later in 2020 after the death of Rajput, the series was rebroadcast on Zee TV. After this rerun received good ratings, they decided to bring a new series. A web series titled Pavitra Rishta - Its Never too Late aired on Zee5 from 15 September 2021 starring Ankita Lokhande reprising her role as Archana and Shaheer Sheikh as Manav.


title: Pavitra Rishta

text: Archana Karanjkar is a hard-working, homely girl. Her mother, Sulochana fixes Archana's marriage with Manav Deshmukh, misunderstanding that Manav is a mechanical engineer. Finally, Archana and Manav marry and her family learns that Manav is a mere mechanic.


title: Pavitra Rishta

text: Gradually, Archana and Manav fall in love with each other. Manav's brother, Sachin dies in a car accident and his fiancée Shravani is pregnant with his child. Archana and Manav divorce to so that Sachin and Shravani's unborn child has a bright future. Manav and Shravani's marriage is fixed, and Archana leaves Mumbai and completes her higher studies.


title: Pavitra Rishta

text: Archana is now educated and returns to Mumbai. Shravani has delivered a boy, who is named after Sachin. Sulochana decides to get Archana married to Jaywant. Coincidentally, Manav and Shravani's marriage falls on the same date as Jaywant and Archana's wedding. At last, Manav and Archana marry and hence unite again. Shravani leaves for abroad giving Jr. Sachin to Archana and Manav.


title: Pavitra Rishta

text: Manav is now a rich business tycoon. Manav and Archana have a son, Soham. Later, they have twin daughters, Ovi and Tejaswini. Archana's childless sister, Varsha abducts Soham and runs away with him. They fall into a river and presumed dead.


title: Pavitra Rishta

text: Manav's mother, Savita conspires against Archana. Manav misunderstands Archana and shifts to Canada with his family. Archana is shattered and adopts a baby girl, Purvi. Vaishali leaves Dharmesh due to his abusive behavior on herself and her children.


title: Pavitra Rishta

text: Manav returns to India to finalize their divorce, and they are ordered a six-month courtship together. Deshmukhs' return to India. Ovi falls in love with Arjun Kirloskar, while he is in love with Purvi. Varsha and Soham are found to be alive as goons in Bihar. Due to Punni's conspiracy, Ovi blackmails Purvi and Purvi begs Arjun to marry Ovi. Tejaswini exposes Savita's conspiracy, uniting Archana and Manav. Punni creates a rift between Ovi and Purvi. To save Ovi and Arjun marriage life, Purvi shifts to Pune.


title: Pavitra Rishta

text: 6 months later, Purvi is married to Dr. Onir, a gynecologist. Both Purvi and Ovi are pregnant with Arjun's child. Onir and Purvi return to Mumbai to treat Ovi. Ovi loses her child and Purvi switches her child with Ovi's baby with Onir. Soon, Purvi is exposed. Ovi-Arjun and Onir-Purvi get divorced. Finally, Manav and Archana decide to get Arjun and Purvi married so their daughter, Pari, gets her full family.


title: Pavitra Rishta

text: Tejaswini falls in love with Sunny. But, they have to break up as Savita and Snehlata are rivals. Soham falls in love with Gauri, who is Jr. Sachin's fiancée. He runs away with Gauri as family reject his relationship. They fall into a river and presumed dead.


title: Pavitra Rishta

text: Ovi finds that she's pregnant again with Arjun's child and delivers a daughter, Pia. Purvi misunderstands that Arjun has cheated on her. She shifts to Canada with Pari and the entire family.


title: Pavitra Rishta

text: Purvi returns to Mumbai and realizes the truth of Pia and Ovi. Arjun is revealed to be have brain tumor. Arjun and Purvi reunite and they move to Australia for Arjun's treatment. Pia helps Ovi to unite with her parents and her family.


title: Pavitra Rishta

text: Soham, who is revealed to be alive, lives with his children, Ankita, Prashant, Mansi, Pranav and Sonali. Ankita, who is exactly lookalike Archana, marries the mentally challenged Naren Karmarkar. Naren is traumatized after his lover Ahaana's death, assumes that Ankita is Ahaana. Naren gets much better, and they consummate their marriage.


title: Pavitra Rishta

text: On Pari's wedding day, Naren discovers that Pari is Ahaana, and he went again in trauma. Naren regains his memory and expels Ankita from his life. Ankita gives birth to their daughter Ashi. Naren's mother, Rushali steals the baby to Naren and Pari and tells Ankita that her child is died.


title: Pavitra Rishta

text: Pari realizes Ankita and Naren still love each other, and Ashi is their daughter and leaves them. Ankita and Naren unite.


title: Pavitra Rishta

text: Purvi and Arjun return to Pari, who accepts both her parents after some time and lives as a family. Ovi lives with Pia as a single mother.


title: Pavitra Rishta

text: Manav-Archana, Arjun-Purvi, and Ankita-Naren together commemorate their "Pavitra Rishta". Manav meets with a fatal accident and Archana dies of grief. Their souls are shown to be in heaven together, expressing their undying love for each other.


title: Pavitra Rishta

text: Sushant Singh Rajput who was playing the parallel lead in "Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil" of StarPlus was cast as Manav. Zee TV did not accept him for casting as Manav as he was a parallel lead of the show in their rival channel. But Producer Ekta Kapoor convinced the channel to accept him. In November 2011 Rajput quit the series and was replaced by Hiten Tejwani. However, during the final of the series on 25 October 2014, Tejwani paved way for Rajput who appeared in the final episode as Manav.


title: Pavitra Rishta

text: The show's time slot was changed from 21:00 to 18:30 in 15 April 2014 and the 21:00 slot was taken by Kumkum Bhagya, also produced by Ekta Kapoor.


title: Pavitra Rishta

text: Around late 2008, producer Ekta Kapoor and her production house Balaji Telefilms declined when the ratings and popularity of all her hit soaps of the 2000s decreased and were axed and also when newly launched ones performed poorly. Since then most channels did not accept her to work. It was due to the chance given by Zee TV for this series, the career of Kapoor and her production house was revived when it became one of the top-rated Hindi television programs.


title: Pavitra Rishta

text: "Pavitra Rishta" received several awards and nominations. Lokhande and Rajput received multiple awards for their roles Archana and Manav in the Best Actress and Best Actor categories, as has Nadkarni in the Best Negative Actress category and Ekta Kapoor in the Best Serial category.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: Criticism of capitalism ranges from expressing disagreement with the principles of capitalism in its entirety to expressing disagreement with particular outcomes of capitalism.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: Criticism of capitalism comes from various political and philosophical approaches, including anarchist, socialist, Marxist, religious, and nationalist viewpoints. Some believe that capitalism can only be overcome through revolution while others believe that structural change can come slowly through political reforms. Some critics believe there are merits in capitalism and wish to balance it with some form of social control, typically through government regulation (e.g. the social market movement).


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: Prominent among critiques of capitalism are accusations that capitalism is inherently exploitative, alienating, unstable, unsustainable, and creates massive economic inequality, commodifies people, and is anti-democratic and leads to an erosion of human rights and national sovereignty while it incentivises imperialist expansion and war.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: Early critics of capitalism, such as Frederick Engels, claim that rapid industrialization in Europe created working conditions viewed as unfair, including 14-hour work days, child labor and shanty towns. Some modern economists argue that average living standards did not improve, or only very slowly improved, before 1840.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: Early socialist thinkers rejected capitalism altogether, attempting to create socialist communities free of the perceived injustices of early capitalism. Among these utopian socialists were Charles Fourier and Robert Owen. In 1848, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels released "The Communist Manifesto", which outlined a political and economic critique of capitalism based on the philosophy of historical materialism. Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, a contemporary of Marx, was another notable critic of capitalism and was one of the first to call himself an anarchist.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: By the early 20th century, myriad socialist tendencies (e.g. anarcho-syndicalism, social democracy and Bolshevism) had arisen based on different interpretations of current events. Governments also began placing restrictions on market operations and created interventionist programs, attempting to ameliorate perceived market shortcomings (e.g. Keynesian economics and the New Deal). Starting with the 1917 Russian Revolution, Communist states increased in number and a Cold War started with the developed capitalist nations. Following the Revolutions of 1989, many of these Communist states adopted market economies.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: French anarchist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon opposed government privilege that protects capitalist, banking and land interests and the accumulation or acquisition of property (and any form of coercion that led to it) which he believed hampers competition and keeps wealth in the hands of the few. The Spanish individualist anarchist Miguel Giménez Igualada sees "capitalism is an effect of government; the disappearance of government means capitalism falls from its pedestal vertiginously ... That which we call capitalism is not something else but a product of the State, within which the only thing that is being pushed forward is profit, good or badly acquired. And so to fight against capitalism is a pointless task, since be it State capitalism or Enterprise capitalism, as long as Government exists, exploiting capital will exist. The fight, but of consciousness, is against the State".


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: Within anarchism, there emerged a critique of wage slavery which refers to a situation perceived as quasi-voluntary slavery, where a person's livelihood depends on wages, especially when the dependence is total and immediate. It is a negatively connoted term used to draw an analogy between slavery and wage labor by focusing on similarities between owning and renting a person. The term "wage slavery" has been used to criticize economic exploitation and social stratification, with the former seen primarily as unequal bargaining power between labor and capital (particularly when workers are paid comparatively low wages, e.g. in sweatshops) and the latter as a lack of workers' self-management, fulfilling job choices and leisure in an economy.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: Libertarian socialists believe if freedom is valued, then society must work towards a system in which individuals have the power to decide economic issues along with political issues. Libertarian socialists seek to replace unjustified authority with direct democracy, voluntary federation and popular autonomy in all aspects of life, including physical communities and economic enterprises. With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, thinkers such as Proudhon and Marx elaborated the comparison between wage labor and slavery in the context of a critique of societal property not intended for active personal use, Luddites emphasized the dehumanization brought about by machines while later Emma Goldman famously denounced wage slavery by saying: "The only difference is that you are hired slaves instead of block slaves". American anarchist Emma Goldman believed that the economic system of capitalism was incompatible with human liberty. "The only demand that property recognizes", she wrote in "Anarchism and Other Essays", "is its own gluttonous appetite for greater wealth, because wealth means power; the power to subdue, to crush, to exploit, the power to enslave, to outrage, to degrade". She also argued that capitalism dehumanized workers, "turning the producer into a mere particle of a machine, with less will and decision than his master of steel and iron".


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: Noam Chomsky contends that there is little moral difference between chattel slavery and renting one's self to an owner or "wage slavery". He feels that it is an attack on personal integrity that undermines individual freedom. He holds that workers should own and control their workplace. Many libertarian socialists argue that large-scale voluntary associations should manage industrial manufacture while workers retain rights to the individual products of their labor. As such, they see a distinction between the concepts of "private property" and "personal possession". Whereas "private property" grants an individual exclusive control over a thing whether it is in use or not and regardless of its productive capacity, "possession" grants no rights to things that are not in use.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: In addition to anarchist Benjamin Tucker's "big four" monopolies (land, money, tariffs and patents) that have emerged under capitalism, neo-mutualist economist Kevin Carson argues that the state has also transferred wealth to the wealthy by subsidizing organizational centralization in the form of transportation and communication subsidies. He believes that Tucker overlooked this issue due to Tucker's focus on individual market transactions, whereas Carson also focuses on organizational issues. The theoretical sections of "Studies in Mutualist Political Economy" are presented as an attempt to integrate marginalist critiques into the labor theory of value. Carson has also been highly critical of intellectual property. The primary focus of his most recent work has been decentralized manufacturing and the informal and household economies. Carson holds that "[c]apitalism, arising as a new class society directly from the old class society of the Middle Ages, was founded on an act of robbery as massive as the earlier feudal conquest of the land. It has been sustained to the present by continual state intervention to protect its system of privilege without which its survival is unimaginable".


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: Carson coined the pejorative term "vulgar libertarianism", a phrase that describes the use of a free market rhetoric in defense of corporate capitalism and economic inequality. According to Carson, the term is derived from the phrase "vulgar political economy", which Karl Marx described as an economic order that "deliberately becomes increasingly apologetic and makes strenuous attempts to talk out of existence the ideas which contain the contradictions [existing in economic life]". Capitalism has been criticized for establishing power in the hands of a minority capitalist class that exists through the exploitation of a working class majority; for prioritizing profit over social good, natural resources and the environment; and for being an engine of inequality and economic instabilities.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: Edmund Burke accepted the liberal ideals of private property and the economics of Adam Smith, but he thought that economics should remain subordinate to the conservative social ethic, that capitalism should be subordinate to the medieval social tradition and that the business class should be subordinate to aristocracy.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: Distributism is an economic ideology asserting that the world's productive assets should be widely owned rather than concentrated. It was developed in Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries based upon the principles of Catholic social teaching, especially the teachings of Pope Leo XIII in his encyclical "Rerum novarum" (1891) and Pope Pius XI in "Quadragesimo anno" (1931). It views both capitalism and socialism as equally flawed and exploitative, and it favors economic mechanisms such as small-scale cooperatives and family businesses, and large-scale antitrust regulations.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: In "Conservatives Against Capitalism", Peter Kolozi relies on Norberto Bobbio's definition of right and left, dividing the two camps according to their preference for equality or hierarchy. Kolozi argued that capitalism has faced persistent criticism from the right since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Such critics, while heterogeneous, are united in the belief “that laissez-faire capitalism has undermined an established social hierarchy governed by the virtuous or excellent".


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: In September 2018, Murtaza Hussain wrote in "The Intercept" about "Conservatives Against Capitalism", stating:


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: For all their differences, there is one key aspect of the intellectual history charted in "Conservatives Against Capitalism" that deals with an issue of shared concern on both the left and the right: the need for community. One of the grim consequences of the Social Darwinian pressures unleashed by free-market capitalism has been the destruction of networks of community, family, and professional associations in developed societies. ... These so-called intermediate institutions have historically played a vital role giving ordinary people a sense of meaning and protecting them from the structural violence of the state and the market. Their loss has led to the creation of a huge class of atomized and lonely people, cut adrift from traditional sources of support and left alone to contend with the power of impersonal economic forces.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: Fascists opposed both international socialism and free-market capitalism, arguing that their views represented a Third Position and claiming to provide a realistic economic alternative that was neither "laissez-faire" capitalism nor communism. They favored corporatism and class collaboration, believing that the existence of inequality and social hierarchy was beneficial (contrary to the views of socialists) while also arguing that the state had a role in mediating relations between classes (contrary to the views of economic liberals).


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: During the Age of Enlightenment, some proponents of liberalism were critics of wage slavery. On the other hand, some modern-day liberals are critical only of "laissez-faire" capitalism and support a social market economy while others are critical of the mixed economy welfare state and advocate either its abolition in favor of "laissez-faire" capitalism or a reduction of its role in favor of free-market capitalism.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: Marx considered capitalism to be a historically specific mode of production (the way in which the productive property is owned and controlled, combined with the corresponding social relations between individuals based on their connection with the process of production).


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: The "capitalistic era" according to Karl Marx dates from 16th-century merchants and small urban workshops. Marx knew that wage labour existed on a modest scale for centuries before capitalist industry. For Marx, the capitalist stage of development or "bourgeois society" represented the most advanced form of social organization to date, but he also thought that the working classes would come to power in a worldwide socialist or communist transformation of human society as the end of the series of first aristocratic, then capitalist and finally working class rule was reached.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: Following Adam Smith, Marx distinguished the use value of commodities from their exchange value in the market. According to Marx, capital is created with the purchase of commodities for the purpose of creating new commodities with an exchange value higher than the sum of the original purchases. For Marx, the use of labor power had itself become a commodity under capitalism and the exchange value of labor power, as reflected in the wage, is less than the value it produces for the capitalist.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: This difference in values, he argues, constitutes surplus value, which the capitalists extract and accumulate. In his book "Capital", Marx argues that the capitalist mode of production is distinguished by how the owners of capital extract this surplus from workers—all prior class societies had extracted surplus labor, but capitalism was new in doing so via the sale-value of produced commodities. He argues that a core requirement of a capitalist society is that a large portion of the population must not possess sources of self-sustenance that would allow them to be independent and are instead forced to sell their labor for a wage.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: In conjunction with his criticism of capitalism was Marx's belief that the working class, due to its relationship to the means of production and numerical superiority under capitalism, would be the driving force behind the socialist revolution. This argument is intertwined with Marx' version of the labor theory of value arguing that labor is the source of all value and thus of profit.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: In "Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism" (1916), Vladimir Lenin further developed Marxist theory and argued that capitalism necessarily led to monopoly capitalism and the export of capital—which he also called "imperialism"—to find new markets and resources, representing the last and highest stage of capitalism. Some 20th-century Marxian economists consider capitalism to be a social formation where capitalist class processes dominate, but are not exclusive.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: To these thinkers, capitalist class processes are simply those in which surplus labor takes the form of surplus value, usable as capital; other tendencies for utilization of labor nonetheless exist simultaneously in existing societies where capitalist processes predominate. However, other late Marxian thinkers argue that a social formation as a whole may be classed as capitalist if capitalism is the mode by which a surplus is extracted, even if this surplus is not produced by capitalist activity as when an absolute majority of the population is engaged in non-capitalist economic activity.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: In "Limits to Capital" (1982), David Harvey outlines an overdetermined, "spatially restless" capitalism coupled with the spatiality of crisis formation and resolution. Harvey used Marx's theory of crisis to aid his argument that capitalism must have its "fixes", but that we cannot predetermine what fixes will be implemented, nor in what form they will be. His work on contractions of capital accumulation and international movements of capitalist modes of production and money flows has been influential. According to Harvey, capitalism creates the conditions for volatile and geographically uneven development.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: Sociologists such as Ulrich Beck envisioned the society of risk as a new cultural value which saw risk as a commodity to be exchanged in globalized economies. This theory suggested that disasters and capitalist economy were inevitably entwined. Disasters allow the introduction of economic programs which otherwise would be rejected as well as decentralizing the class structure in production.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: Many organized religions have criticized or opposed specific elements of capitalism. Traditional Judaism, Christianity, and Islam forbid lending money at interest, although alternative methods of banking have been developed. Some Christians have criticized capitalism for its materialist aspects and its inability to account for the wellbeing of all people. Many of Jesus' parables deal with economic concerns: farming, shepherding, being in debt, doing hard labor, being excluded from banquets and the houses of the rich and have implications for wealth and power distribution. Catholic scholars and clergy have often criticized capitalism because of its disenfranchisement of the poor, often promoting distributism as an alternative. In his 84-page apostolic exhortation , Catholic Pope Francis described unfettered capitalism as "a new tyranny" and called on world leaders to fight rising poverty and inequality, stating:


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: The Catholic Church forbids usury. As established by papal encyclicals "Rerum Novarum" and "Quadragesimo Anno", Catholic social teaching does not support unrestricted capitalism, primarily because it is considered part of liberalism and secondly by its nature, which goes against social justice. In 2013, Pope Francis said that more restrictions on the free market were required because the "dictatorship" of the global financial system and the "cult of money" were making people miserable. In his encyclical "Laudato si'", Pope Francis denounced the role of capitalism in furthering climate change.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: Islam forbids lending money at interest ("riba"), the mode of operation of capitalist finance, although Islamic banks have developed alternative methods of making profits in transactions that are traditionally arranged using interest.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: Socialists argue that the accumulation of capital generates waste through externalities that require costly corrective regulatory measures. They also point out that this process generates wasteful industries and practices that exist only to generate sufficient demand for products to be sold at a profit (such as high-pressure advertisement), thereby creating rather than satisfying economic demand.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: Socialists argue that capitalism consists of irrational activity, such as the purchasing of commodities only to sell at a later time when their price appreciates (known as speculation), rather than for consumption. Therefore, a crucial criticism often made by socialists is that making money, or accumulation of capital, does not correspond to the satisfaction of demand (the production of use-values). The fundamental criterion for economic activity in capitalism is the accumulation of capital for reinvestment in production. This spurs the development of new, non-productive industries that do not produce use-value and only exist to keep the accumulation process afloat. An example of a non-productive industry is the financial industry, which contributes to the formation of economic bubbles.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: Socialists view private property relations as limiting the potential of productive forces in the economy. According to socialists, private property becomes obsolete when it concentrates into centralized, socialized institutions based on private appropriation of revenue (but based on cooperative work and internal planning in allocation of inputs) until the role of the capitalist becomes redundant. With no need for capital accumulation and a class of owners, private property of the means of production is perceived as being an outdated form of economic organization that should be replaced by a free association of individuals based on public or common ownership of these socialized assets. Private ownership imposes constraints on planning, leading to uncoordinated economic decisions that result in business fluctuations, unemployment and a tremendous waste of material resources during crisis of overproduction.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: Excessive disparities in income distribution lead to social instability and require costly corrective measures in the form of redistributive taxation. This incurs heavy administrative costs while weakening the incentive to work, inviting dishonesty and increasing the likelihood of tax evasion (the corrective measures) while reducing the overall efficiency of the market economy. These corrective policies limit the market's incentive system by providing things such as minimum wages, unemployment insurance, taxing profits and reducing the reserve army of labor, resulting in reduced incentives for capitalists to invest in more production. In essence, social welfare policies cripple capitalism's incentive system and are thus unsustainable in the long-run.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: Marxists argue that the establishment of a socialist mode of production is the only way to overcome these deficiencies. Socialists and specifically Marxian socialists, argue that the inherent conflict of interests between the working class and capital prevent optimal use of available human resources and leads to contradictory interest groups (labor and business) striving to influence the state to intervene in the economy at the expense of overall economic efficiency.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: Early socialists (utopian socialists and Ricardian socialists) criticized capitalism for concentrating power and wealth within a small segment of society who do not utilize available technology and resources to their maximum potential in the interests of the public.


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: Economist Branko Horvat stated that "[I]t is now well known that capitalist development leads to the concentration of capital, employment and power. It is somewhat less known that it leads to the almost complete destruction of economic freedom".


title: Criticism of capitalism

text: Critics argue that capitalism leads to a significant loss of political, democratic and economic power for the vast majority of the global human population. The reason for this is they believe capitalism creates very large concentrations of money and property in the hands of a relatively small minority of the global human population (the elite or the power elite), leading, they say, to very large and increasing wealth and income inequalities between the elite and the majority of the population. "Corporate capitalism" and "inverted totalitarianism" are terms used by the aforementioned activists and critics of capitalism to describe a capitalist marketplace—and society—characterized by the dominance of hierarchical, bureaucratic, large corporations, which are legally required to pursue profit without concern for social welfare. Corporate capitalism has been criticized for the amount of power and influence corporations and large business interest groups have over government policy, including the policies of regulatory agencies and influencing political campaigns. Many social scientists have criticized corporations for failing to act in the interests of the people; they claim the existence of large corporations seems to circumvent the principles of democracy, which assumes equal power relations between all individuals in a society. As part of the political left, activists against corporate power and influence work towards a decreased income gap and improved economical equity.