title: Pat Summitt

text: The 1981–82 season featured the first ever NCAA women's basketball tournament. The Lady Vols were one of 32 teams invited and named a 2 seed in their region. In the region championship, the Lady Vols upset top-seeded USC 91–90 in overtime to advance to the Final Four. They lost their Final Four match-up with Louisiana Tech, which went on to win the tournament.


title: Pat Summitt

text: The next season, the Lady Vols won the regular season SEC title but fell in the SEC tournament to Georgia. Tennessee was invited to the now-36 team NCAA tournament and awarded its first-ever 1 seed. Tennessee made it to the regional championship, but fell to Georgia again, 67–63. Summitt won her 200th game on December 3, a 69–56 victory over St. John's during the Coca-Cola Classic in Detroit.


title: Pat Summitt

text: The 1983–84 season saw Tennessee start out 6–4. However, Summitt rallied her team and finished 22–10, for her eighth straight 20-win season. Tennessee not only made it to the NCAA Final Four for the second time in the first three tournaments, but also made it to the title game. However, Tennessee lost by 11 to USC, which also had won the title the previous year. Summit earned Coach of the Year honors. The 1983-84 season was followed up by another 20-win year in which Tennessee earned both the regular season SEC title (despite only going 4–4) and the tournament title. However, the Lady Vols fell in the NCAA tournament to Ole Miss during the round of 16.


title: Pat Summitt

text: The next season was a similar story – the Lady Vols had a good regular season, played a great tournament (reaching the Final Four for the second time in three years), but fell before winning the title.


title: Pat Summitt

text: In 1986–87, Tennessee broke through and defeated perennial power Louisiana Tech 67–44 to win the Lady Vols' first national title. Tennessee's Tonya Edwards was named the Most Outstanding Player in the Final Four. During the regular season, Summitt also earned her 300th win, an 87–66 victory over North Carolina. The next year in 1987–88, the Lady Vols were positioned to repeat, as Tennessee made it to the Final Four yet again. However, Louisiana Tech avenged the previous year's championship game loss with a 9-point victory and went on to win the title.


title: Pat Summitt

text: In 1988–89, the Lady Vols reached the Final Four for the fourth straight year. After eliminating Maryland by 12 points, Tennessee faced SEC rival Auburn for the national title. Auburn had lost by two points to Louisiana Tech in the NCAA title game the previous year and had suffered its only loss in the SEC Championship game by 15 points to Tennessee. The championship game was similar as Tennessee took home its second title in three years with a 76–60 victory. It was Tennessee's best season yet; the Lady Vols won 35 games while losing only two regular season contests to Auburn and Texas. The Lady Vols won every NCAA tournament game by at least 12 points.


title: Pat Summitt

text: In 1989–90, the Lady Vols started off the season well, winning the SEC title. However, the team fell by 1 point to Auburn in the SEC Championship Game and lost in overtime to Virginia in the regional finals, one game shy of making a trip to the Final Four, which that year was held in Knoxville. Summitt accomplished another milestone that season with her 400th win, a 70–69 victory over South Carolina on January 25.


title: Pat Summitt

text: Tennessee failed to win the SEC regular season or the tournament championship in 1990–91, but after a close win in the NCAA regional semifinals against Western Kentucky, the Lady Vols eliminated Auburn for the second time in three years. In the national semifinals, the Lady Vols beat Stanford, 68–60, to earn the chance to avenge the previous year's tournament loss against Virginia. Just as the previous year's game had gone into overtime, so did this one. Tennessee escaped with a 70–67 win and its third national title in five years. The next season in 1991–92, the Lady Vols did not make it to the regional championship, falling 75–70 to the same Western Kentucky team they had beaten in that round the previous year. In 1992–93, Tennessee defeated the defending champions Stanford twice and swept the SEC season for the first time. However, the Lady Vols were unable to win the SEC tournament title and fell 72–56 in the NCAA tournament to Iowa in the regional finals.


title: Pat Summitt

text: Early in the 1993–94 season, Summitt grabbed her 500th win, an 80–45 win over Ohio State on November 21. Tennessee went on to win the regular season and tournament SEC titles before falling 71–68 to Louisiana Tech in the regional semifinals. The next season marked Tennessee's return to the Final Four. Tennessee went undefeated in the SEC regular season for the third straight year, but failed to win the tournament title. The top-seeded Lady Vols breezed their way to a fifth national title game, with no other tournament game being closer than 21 points. However, in the national championship game, the Lady Vols fell 70–64 to the undefeated UConn Huskies, coached by Summit's rival, Geno Auriemma, in the first of eleven championships for UConn. During the off-season, Summitt recruited high school stand-out Chamique Holdsclaw.


title: Pat Summitt

text: In 1995–96, with freshman Holdsclaw and senior Michelle M. Marciniak, the Lady Vols won the SEC tournament and made a second straight Final Four trip. In the semifinals, the Lady Vols avenged the previous year's tournament loss to UConn by ousting Auriemma and the Huskies with a hard-fought 5-point win in overtime. The championship game was not that close as Tennessee easily won its fourth title with an 83–65 win over Georgia.


title: Pat Summitt

text: The 1996–97 Lady Vols posted one of the worst records ever for a Summitt-coached team. In addition to losses to powerhouses such as Louisiana Tech (twice), Stanford, Old Dominion, and Connecticut, Tennessee fell to teams such as Florida, against whom they had been previously undefeated. Summitt earned her 600th win with a 15-point victory over Marquette on November 23, 1996. Summitt and the 1996–97 championship team were the subject of an HBO documentary titled "A Cinderella Season: The Lady Vols Fight Back". The Lady Vols posted a 23–10 record heading into the NCAA tournament. However, Tennessee righted itself during the tournament, shocking previously undefeated Connecticut in the regional final before defeating Notre Dame and Old Dominion in the Final Four to win the team's second straight national championship.


title: Pat Summitt

text: In many aspects, the 1997–98 team was Summitt's best. With the top-ranked recruiting class as well as Chamique Holdsclaw, the Lady Vols ran the table to a 39–0 season while playing one of the top-ranked schedules in the country. Only three teams came within 10 points of beating the team, and the Lady Vols won a 93–75 victory over Louisiana Tech for their third straight national championship. After the championship game, opposing Louisiana Tech head coach Leon Balmore proclaimed the Tennessee team to be the "best ever", echoing a similar claim made by Old Dominion University Hall of Famer Nancy Lieberman.


title: Pat Summitt

text: Holdsclaw (who by then had won national championships every season she was with the Vols) predicted that the 1998–99 team would be the greatest ever. However, Tennessee didn't claim another national title or make it to the Final Four. Injuries to several players decimated the team and the Lady Vols ultimately fell to Duke in the regional finals. A landmark was set during this season however, as Holdsclaw, Tamika Catchings, and Semeka Randall became the first trio from one team to be named Kodak All-Americans.


title: Pat Summitt

text: The Lady Vols ended the decade with a third straight 30-win season, third straight SEC title, and third straight SEC Tournament title. Additionally, they defeated UConn in the regular season, 72–71, in UConn's only loss of the year. In the NCAA tournament, Tennessee breezed its way to the title game, winning all five games by at least 10 points. In the championship game the Lady Vols were beaten soundly by UConn, 71–52. This marked the fourth time in six years that either Tennessee or UConn had eliminated the other from the tournament. UConn's two wins in that period came in championship games, adding more intensity to the Summit-Auriemma rivalry. During the season, Summitt earned her 700th win, 85–62 at Wisconsin.


title: Pat Summitt

text: At the 2000 ESPY awards, the Lady Vols basketball team was named co-team of the decade, along with the Florida State Seminoles football team. Additionally, Summitt was named the Naismith Coach of the Century and Chamique Holdsclaw earned recognition as Naismith Women's Collegiate Player of the Century.


title: Pat Summitt

text: In the 2000–01 season, the Lady Vols claimed another SEC title, winning all 14 SEC games. Additionally, they split the season series with the UConn Huskies and headed into the SEC tournament with a 28–1 record. However, the Lady Vols were upset by Vanderbilt in the semifinals and then lost in the Sweet Sixteen to Xavier, their worst finish since 1993–94. During the regular season, Summitt earned her 750th win in the second game against UConn, a 92–88 victory. The team also finished with its fourth straight 30-win season.


title: Pat Summitt

text: In the 2001–02 season, the Lady Vols won their fifth straight SEC championship, but fell again in the conference tournament, this time to LSU. In the NCAA tournament, Tennessee reached the Final Four again, with a 5-point win over Vanderbilt University. This trip to the Final Four marked Summitt's 13th appearance, which broke Coach John Wooden's record of 12, and earned her 788th win, which tied Summitt with Jody Conradt for the winningest coach in women's basketball history. However, the Lady Vols fell in the national semifinals to Connecticut, which wound up winning the championship and capping an undefeated season. This loss ended the season at 29–5, one win shy of extending Summitt's streak of 30-win seasons. Summitt did achieve more milestones during the season; a 106–66 win over USC marked Summitt's 200th win at home, a victory against Louisiana Tech was her 300th win against a ranked opponent and her 93–65 win over Arkansas was her 1,000th game as a coach, including international contests.


title: Pat Summitt

text: During the 2002–03 season, the Lady Vols compiled their sixth perfect SEC season and beat powerhouses Duke and Louisiana Tech, among others, during the regular season, but lost to Texas and UConn. In the NCAA tournament, the Lady Vols made it to the title game only to lose to the Huskies again 73–68. During the season, Summitt earned her 800th win, 76–57 over DePaul and was the fastest coach to reach this milestone.


title: Pat Summitt

text: The 2003–04 season was similar to the previous year. The Lady Vols defeated most of their regular season opponents, including Duke and Louisiana Tech, but dropped games to UConn and Texas. The Lady Vols again went 14–0 in the regular season against SEC competition, but again fell in the conference tournament. Tennessee won five games in the NCAA tournament only to lose 70–61 to Connecticut in the championship game for the second year in a row and third time in five years.


title: Pat Summitt

text: In 2004–05, Tennessee broke its losing streak against Connecticut with a narrow 68–67 regular season victory. Candace Parker, a highly regarded and nationally known high school player joined the Lady Vols. However, because of injuries, she was redshirted and didn't play that season. Tennessee suffered losses during the regular season to Duke, Rutgers, and LSU, while beating Stanford and Louisiana Tech. LSU's win over Tennessee gave the Tigers the SEC title, breaking Tennessee's streak of seven straight regular season conference championships. However, Tennessee won its first tournament title in four years by avenging its earlier loss to LSU loss with a 67–65 win in the SEC Championship game. In the NCAA tournament, Tennessee advanced to its fourth Final Four in a row by defeating a Rutgers team that had beaten them earlier in the year. In the Final Four, the Lady Vols blew a 16-point lead to fall 68–64 to underdog Michigan State. In the second round of the NCAA tournament, the Lady Vols defeated Purdue. This victory gave Pat Summitt her 880th win, breaking North Carolina coach Dean Smith's record of 879 wins, and making her the all-time winningest coach in NCAA basketball history.


title: Pat Summitt

text: By 2005–06, Parker had recovered from her injuries and became a starter. During the season, the Lady Vols dropped three games to SEC foes, LSU, Florida, and Kentucky, to record their worst SEC season since the 1996–97 season. However, they won their second straight game against Connecticut and rebounded from a sub-par SEC season to win the conference tournament for the second year in a row. In the NCAA tournament, Tennessee received a number two seed instead of the one seed Summitt believed her team deserved, and played North Carolina in the regional finals. Tennessee trailed from the beginning, fell behind by as many as 16, rallied to cut the lead to five, but ultimately fell 75–63.


title: Pat Summitt

text: In the 2006–07 season, Tennessee defeated four ranked teams in a row: UCLA, Stanford, Arizona State, and Middle Tennessee, lost a regular season rematch with North Carolina and another game against top-ranked Duke, and defeated UConn for the third time in a row. Later, in Baton Rouge, the Lady Vols clinched the SEC title against LSU in a game where Candace Parker scored 27. However, in the SEC tournament semifinals, Tennessee fell to the Tigers. In the NCAA tournament, Summitt's team easily made it to the Final Four, dispatching teams that included SEC foe Mississippi and 13-seeded Cinderella, Marist, winning each game by at least 14. In the Final Four, Tennessee again faced North Carolina. Despite shooting poorly, the Lady Vols came back from a 12-point deficit with 8:18 remaining to win 56–50. In the championship game against Rutgers, Tennessee won its seventh title. During the season, Summitt appeared at a men's basketball game dressed in a cheerleader outfit and led the crowd in a rendition of "Rocky Top" to show her support for the team. A month earlier, her men's counterpart, Bruce Pearl, showed up at a Lady Vols game in orange body paint.


title: Pat Summitt

text: The 2007–08 season started off with the top-ranked Lady Vols going 3–0, including wins over 9th-ranked Oklahoma and 22nd-ranked Texas. The win over Texas was Summitt's 950th. After two more wins, top-ranked Tennessee knocked off fourth-ranked North Carolina, 83–79, in a rematch of the previous year's Final Four match-up.


title: Pat Summitt

text: Tennessee won their next four games, then headed to California for a match-up with 5th-ranked Stanford. Down by 4 with less than 30 seconds remaining, the Lady Vols managed to tie the game up and send it to overtime, but lost, 73–69.


title: Pat Summitt

text: The Lady Vols responded by winning their next seven games, giving them a 17–1 record going into a match-up with Duke. Candace Parker's 17 points and 12 rebounds, including a bucket with 22 seconds remaining, helped the Lady Vols defeat the Blue Devils for the first time in four years, 67–64. Tennessee would win the rest of their regular season games and defeat LSU for the SEC tournament championship. The Lady Vols won four straight games in the NCAA Tournament heading toward their third matchup of the year against the LSU Lady Tigers in the Final Four. Alexis Hornbuckle tipped in a Nicky Anosike missed layup with 0.7 seconds left to win the game, 47–46. On April 8, 2008, Tennessee won its second consecutive national championship (and eighth overall) by beating Stanford 64–48.


title: Pat Summitt

text: Summitt's first milestone of the 2008–09 season was a 73–43 win over the Georgia Lady Bulldogs on February 5, 2009, at Thompson–Boling Arena in Knoxville. The win was number 1000 for Coach Summitt. The Thompson–Boling Arena's court was named "The Summitt" in her honor. The 2008–09 season ended with a dubious first, as the Lady Vols lost 71–55 in the first round of the NCAA tournament to Ball State in Bowling Green, Kentucky, marking the first time Tennessee would not appear in the Sweet 16 since the NCAA first sanctioned championships in women's basketball for the 1981–82 season.


title: Pat Summitt

text: Summitt was diagnosed with early-onset Alzheimer's disease in 2011. Despite the diagnosis, she completed the 2011–2012 season in a reduced role, with Holly Warlick (an assistant under Summitt since 1985) assuming most of the coaching responsibilities. In an interview with GoVolsXtra.com, Summitt stated, "There's not going to be any pity party and I'll make sure of that." In December 2011, Summitt was honored as the "Sports Illustrated" sportswoman of the year.


title: Pat Summitt

text: As the 2011-12 season progressed, the team and the fans recognized that it was likely to be Summitt's last year coaching, and Ann Killion of "Sports Illustrated" called it "heart-wrenching to witness" when Warlick broke down in tears at the end of the regular season. In March, John Adams wrote in the "Knoxville News Sentinel" that it would be "too much to ask” of Summitt and her staff to go through another season, and David Climer wrote in "The Tennessean" that it was time for Summitt to retire.


title: Pat Summitt

text: On April 18, 2012, after the Lady Vols lost to the unbeaten eventual champion Baylor Lady Bears in the Elite Eight in Des Moines, Summitt stepped down as head coach, ending her 38-year coaching career at age 59. Warlick was named Summitt's successor. In a statement accompanying her resignation, Summitt said, "I feel like Holly's been doing the bulk of it. She deserves to be the head coach..." Summitt was given the title Head Coach Emeritus upon her resignation. According to NCAA regulations, as head coach emeritus, she was able to attend practices and assist Warlick in some duties, but was not allowed to sit on the team bench.


title: Pat Summitt

text: Summitt was presented the USBWA Most Courageous Award at the 2012 Final Four, and future awards were given in her name. She received the Arthur Ashe Courage Award in 2012, saying in her acceptance speech: "It is time to fight."


title: Pat Summitt

text: Summitt was named to the U.S. women's basketball team invited to compete at the 1975 Pan American Games. The team was coached by future Hall of Fame coach Cathy Rush. Players included Lusia Harris, Nancy Lieberman, Ann Meyers, and Juliene Simpson. After winning the gold medal in 1963, the USA team lost to Brazil in both 1967 and 1971 and had recently competed in the 1975 World Championship, finishing in eighth place. The opening game was against host-country Mexico which had finished ahead of the USA team at the World Championships. This time, the USA was victorious, beating Mexico 99–65. The USA would go on to win its next five games, all but one by a double-digit margin. That set up the gold medal game against Brazil which the USA team won convincingly, 74–55.


title: Pat Summitt

text: Summitt was named the head coach of the USA representative to the William Jones Cup competition in Taipei, Taiwan. The USA team had recently completed the World Championship, so was able to bypass the preliminary rounds. The team won all six contests and the gold medal. Four USA players were named to the 12 player all-tournament team.


title: Pat Summitt

text: Summitt was chosen as the head coach of the team representing the USA in 1984 at the William Jones Cup competition in Taipei, Taiwan. The team chosen to represent the USA was the team expected to be selected as the national team for the 1984 Olympic Games. This resulted in a very strong team which was able to dominate the competition. In the opening game against Australia, the USA won 82–20. While other games were closer, Italy's 23-point loss to the USA was the closest of the eight games. The USA won all eight games and the gold medal, and three of the team's players were named to the All-Tournament Team.


title: Pat Summitt

text: Summitt wrote three books, all with co-author Sally Jenkins: "Reach for the Summitt", which is part motivational book and part biography; "Raise the Roof", about the Lady Vols' 1997–1998 undefeated and NCAA-championship winning season; and "Sum It Up", covering her life and her experience being diagnosed and living with Alzheimer's disease.


title: Pat Summitt

text: Summitt was widely recognized as one of the toughest coaches in college basketball history, men's or women's. She was best known for giving her players an icy stare in response to poor play, known simply as "The Summitt Stare." However, she claimed that she mellowed considerably later in her career. In 2007, Summitt told "U.S. News & World Report" that she didn't yell at her players nearly as much as she had earlier in her career. On at least two occasions, Tennessee asked Summitt to consider coaching the men's team: once before 1997 and again in 2001.


title: Pat Summitt

text: Summitt won 16 Southeastern Conference regular season titles with the Lady Vols, as well as 16 tournament titles. Summitt's Lady Vols made an appearance in every NCAA Tournament from 1982 until her retirement, advanced to the Sweet 16 every year except 2009, and appeared 18 times in the Final Four. When Summitt made her 13th trip to the Final Four as a coach in 2002, she surpassed John Wooden as the NCAA coach with the most trips to the Final Four. Summitt was a seven-time SEC Coach of the year and a seven-time NCAA Coach of the year and won three consecutive national titles from 1996 to 1998. Summitt was known for scheduling tough opponents for her team to play in the regular season, in order to prepare them for the postseason. In her years of coaching, her teams played Top 10-ranked teams over 250 times.


title: Pat Summitt

text: Summitt finished her coaching career with 1,098 wins in 1,306 games coached in AIAW and NCAA Division I play. Summitt won eight NCAA Division I championships as a coach; as of June 2016, this is the third-highest total in the history of NCAA Division I men's and women's basketball.


title: Pat Summitt

text: Summitt received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama in 2012. In 2013, an eight-foot bronze statue was erected in her honor on the University of Tennessee campus. A statue was dedicated to Summitt in her hometown of Clarksville, Tennessee, in 2018.


title: Pat Summitt

text: Pat Summitt married Ross Barnes Summitt II in 1980. The couple had one son, Ross Tyler Summitt, born in 1990. Summitt filed for divorce from her husband in 2007.


title: Pat Summitt

text: Tyler Summitt, who played as a walk-on for the Tennessee men's basketball team, graduated from Tennessee in May 2012. He was hired as an assistant coach by the Marquette University women's team effective with the 2012–13 season. In what "ESPN.com" columnist Gene Wojciechowski called "a bittersweet irony", Tyler's hiring by Marquette was announced on the same day his mother announced her retirement.


title: Pat Summitt

text: In August 2011, Summitt announced that she had been diagnosed three months earlier with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. She retired from coaching in 2012.


title: Pat Summitt

text: Summitt created a foundation to raise money for Alzheimer's research and worked to raise awareness of the disease.


title: Pat Summitt

text: Summitt died on June 28, 2016, two weeks after her 64th birthday, at a senior living facility in Knoxville. She left the entirety of her estate to her son, Tyler.


title: Pat Summitt

text: After her death, the Pat Summitt Alzheimer’s Clinic was opened at the University of Tennessee Medical Center, with funds from her Foundation. In 2017, the NCAA established the Pat Summitt Award to recognize individuals who positively influence college athletes.


title: Mike Richards (television personality)

text: Michael Richards (born July 5, 1975) is an American former television producer, game show host, and television personality. He was the executive producer of the American television game shows "Let's Make a Deal" and "The Price Is Right" from 2009 to 2019, and of "Jeopardy!" and "Wheel of Fortune" from 2020 to 2021.


title: Mike Richards (television personality)

text: In August 2021, Richards briefly succeeded Alex Trebek as the third host of the daily syndicated version of "Jeopardy!" after his death from pancreatic cancer on November 8, 2020 but resigned as host later that month after hosting only a week's worth of episodes. The resignation came in the wake of ongoing criticism over offensive comments that he made on a podcast called "The Randumb Show" before hosting the show, as well as concerns about wrongful termination and sexual harassment lawsuits from models during his time as the executive producer of "The Price Is Right".


title: Mike Richards (television personality)

text: Richards was the second host of "Beauty and the Geek" and produced numerous game shows, including "Weakest Link". He later hosted seasons of "High School Reunion".


title: Mike Richards (television personality)

text: Until the end of the 2018–19 season, Richards was the executive producer of "The Price Is Right" and "Let's Make a Deal" for a decade. He was also a candidate to host "The Price Is Right" before Drew Carey was chosen. In interviews of those two shows, Richards was described as "exclusionary and dismissive of longtime show employees"; he fired announcer Rich Fields and held on-air auditions, similar to the ones he later used on "Jeopardy!", to hire George Gray as Fields's replacement, also dismissing longtime producer (and longtime right-hand man of Bob Barker) Roger Dobkowitz. Richards often neglected "Deal" and was frequently absent from day-to-day operations. A post-producer was fired after sarcastically making an introduction, which drew attention to Richards's absences. Richards hosted GSN's 2012 revival of "The Pyramid" and the network's 2017–18 version of "Divided".


title: Mike Richards (television personality)

text: During this period, Richards hosted a podcast, "The Randumb Show", which was promoted as a look at the production of "Price". According to reporting by "The Ringer"'s Claire McNear, Richards, "repeatedly used offensive language and disparaged women's bodies". The Anti-Defamation League criticized his disparaging stereotyping of women, Jews, Asians, and the disabled on the podcast, and called for an investigation. Asked for comment in 2021, Richards apologized for the material and took the podcast offline.


title: Mike Richards (television personality)

text: Richards was the subject of a wrongful termination lawsuit in 2010. Brandi Cochran, a model on "The Price Is Right", alleged that CBS and FremantleMedia discriminated against her by firing her after she became pregnant with twins. "The Hollywood Reporter" stated that Richards made a disparaging comment about her pregnancy at a 2008 party, and that he claimed that she was fired from the show because Richards thought that she "would not take us to great." In 2011, model Lanisha Cole filed a lawsuit against Richards and fellow producer Adam Sandler (not to be confused with actor and comedian Adam Sandler) for wrongful termination and berating her in front of her peers.


title: Mike Richards (television personality)

text: Richards left both "Price" and "Deal" in 2019 and joined Sony Pictures Television, where he was assigned to the ABC primetime return of "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire" as an executive producer alongside host Jimmy Kimmel and Michael Davies for the nine-episode first season of the show during the 2019–20 season. Richards also served as the executive producer for the 2021 GSN revival series of "Chain Reaction". For the 2020–21 season, Richards succeeded Harry Friedman as executive producer of "Wheel of Fortune" and "Jeopardy!"


title: Mike Richards (television personality)

text: After "Jeopardy!" host Alex Trebek died on November 8, 2020, Richards appeared at the start of the November 9 episode to pay tribute to him. Richards later filled in for two weeks as a guest host of the show, with his first episode airing on February 22, 2021. On August 4, it was reported that Richards had entered "advanced negotiations" to become the permanent host, though with other candidates still in contention. After that announcement, a lawsuit filed against Richards and others during his tenure as the executive producer of "The Price Is Right" resurfaced, causing controversy. On August 11, it was announced that Richards would succeed Trebek as host of the daily show, with "Jeopardy!" guest host Mayim Bialik hosting future prime-time specials and spinoffs. However, on August 20, it was announced that Richards would step down after offensive comments he had made in the past emerged. The five episodes Richards filmed the previous day, the show's first day of production on the new season, aired in September.


title: Mike Richards (television personality)

text: Despite speculations that Richards would resign as executive producer of "Wheel of Fortune" and "Jeopardy!" after the scandal, he retained that role at both shows with the full backing of Sony Pictures and the head of its television division, Ravi Ahuja. However, on August 31, 2021, a week and a half after Richards resigned as permanent host, he was fired as executive producer of both "Jeopardy!" and "Wheel of Fortune". Michael Davies from Embassy Row served as interim executive producer for "Jeopardy!" following Richards's departure, and on April 14, 2022, was announced to be taking the role full-time. On March 23, 2022, it was announced that Bellamie Blackstone would take over the executive producer role for "Wheel of Fortune". Bialik and Ken Jennings were eventually chosen as co-hosts for the syndicated version of "Jeopardy!" on July 27, 2022.


title: Numa Numa (video)

text: "Numa Numa" () is an Internet meme based on a video by American vlogger Gary Brolsma made after the song "Dragostea Din Tei" as performed by Moldovan pop group O-Zone. Brolsma's video, entitled "Numa Numa Dance", was released on December 6, 2004, on the website Newgrounds.com under the username "Gman250" and shows Brolsma lip-synching the hit song with lively gesticulations and dance moves. The video title is derived from the Romanian words "" that occur in the refrain of O-Zone's song. It was the first Numa Numa-themed video to gain widespread attention.


title: Numa Numa (video)

text: "Numa Numa Dance" has since spawned many parody videos, including those created for the "New Numa Contest", sponsored by Brolsma, which promised US $45,000 in prize money for submissions. His original video was named 41st in the 2006 broadcast of "100 Greatest Funny Moments" by Channel 4 in the UK. The video was featured on Channel 4's "Virtually Famous", and was ranked No. 1 in VH1's "40 Greatest Internet Superstars" in March 2007.


title: Numa Numa (video)

text: The Viral Factory estimated that by November 27, 2006, the video had been viewed over 700 million times.


title: Numa Numa (video)

text: On Newgrounds, "Numa Numa Dance" has since been seen more than eighteen million times. From there it has been copied onto hundreds of other websites and blogs. According to a November 27, 2006, report by the BBC, based on page impression figures collated by viral marketing company The Viral Factory, "Numa Numa Dance" was the second-most-watched viral video of all time, with 700 million views, losing out only to ""Star Wars" kid". Brolsma received mainstream media coverage from ABC's "Good Morning America", NBC's "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno", and VH1's "Best Week Ever" and the "Numa Numa" video was listed as number 1 on VH1s "Top 40 Internet Superstars". According to "The New York Times", however, he was an "unwilling and embarrassed Web celebrity". He cancelled media appearances but reappeared in September 2006 with a professionally produced video, "New Numa", featuring a song specially made for him by Variety Beats. This video, hosted on YouTube, marked the start of the "New Numa Contest", which promised US $45,000 in prize money and a US $25,000 award to the winner.


title: Numa Numa (video)

text: On December 5, 2014, Brolsma uploaded a video entitled "Numa Numa 10-Year Reunion" to Newgrounds, a video of him lip-syncing several songs, including "Shake It Off" by Taylor Swift, "Don't Think Twice, It's All Right" by Bob Dylan, and "Firework" by Katy Perry. Both the original video and the 10-Year Reunion video have since been deleted by the Newgrounds moderation team due to music licensing issues and the site's focus on animations. Brolsma later stated in an interview, "...I found "Dragostea Din Tei" in another (I believe it was Japanese) flash animation with cartoon cats".


title: Numa Numa (video)

text: On November 20, 2022, an emote based on the viral dance was released in Epic Games' "" as a collaboration with Brolsma and O-Zone.


title: Numa Numa (video)

text: Gary William Brolsma (born January 14, 1986) is an American vlogger and musician who gained worldwide attention after posting the "Numa Numa Dance" video in 2004.


title: Numa Numa (video)

text: He made appearances on ABC's "Good Morning America", NBC's "The Tonight Show", and VH1's "Best Week Ever". A story in "The Believer" (June/July 2006) explored the song's spread and global homogenization, while arguing that Brolsma's video "singlehandedly justifies the existence of webcams... It’s a movie of someone who is having the time of his life, wants to share his joy with everyone, and doesn’t care what anyone else thinks". In 2007, he was voted the Number 1 Internet Icon by VH1 in their "40 Greatest Internet Superstars" list, beating the "Star Wars" kid who placed at Number 2.


title: Numa Numa (video)

text: On October 15, 2007, "The New York Times" reported that Brolsma had recently collaborated on a video with lonelygirl15's Glenn Rubenstein, as well as Chad Vader's Aaron Yonda and Matt Sloan, as a part of Canon's "Battle of the Viral Video Superstars". In 2008 Brolsma released his first album, "Weird Tempo". In 2019 he released his second album, "Haunted House of Pancakes".


title: Pinto bean

text: The pinto bean () is a variety of common bean ("Phaseolus vulgaris"). In Spanish they are called , literally "painted bean" (compare pinto horse). It is the most popular bean by crop production in Northern Mexico and the Southwestern United States, and is most often eaten whole (sometimes in broth), or mashed and then refried. Either way, it is a common filling for burritos, tostadas, or tacos in Mexican cuisine, also as a side or as part of an entrée served with a side tortilla or sopaipilla in New Mexican cuisine.


title: Pinto bean

text: In South America, it is known as the , literally "strawberry bean". In Portuguese, the Brazilian name is (literally " bean"; contrary to popular belief, the beans were not named after Rio de Janeiro, but after a pig breed that has the same color as the legume), which differs from the name in Portugal: . Additionally, the young immature pods may be harvested and cooked as "green pinto beans". There are a number of different varieties of pinto bean, notably some originating from Northern Spain, where an annual fair is dedicated to the bean.


title: Pinto bean

text: The dried pinto bean is the bean commonly used reconstituted or canned in many dishes, especially refried beans. It is popular in chili con carne, although kidney beans, black beans, and many others may be used in other locales.


title: Pinto bean

text: Pinto beans are often found in Brazilian cuisine. Legumes, mainly the common bean, are a staple food everywhere in the country, cultivated since 3000 BC, along with starch-rich foods, such as rice, manioc, pasta, and other wheat-based products, polenta and other corn-based products, potatoes and yams. Pinto beans are also a very important ingredient in Spanish cuisine and Mexican cuisine.


title: Pinto bean

text: In the Southern United States, pinto beans were once a staple, especially during the winter months. Some organizations and churches in rural areas still sponsor "pinto bean suppers" for social gatherings and fund raisers.


title: Pinto bean

text: The alubia pinta alavesa, or the "Alavese pinto bean", a red variety of the pinto bean, originated in Añana, a town and municipality located in the province of Álava, in the Basque Country of northern Spain. In October, the "Feria de la alubia pinta alavesa" (Alavese pinto bean fair) is celebrated in Pobes.


title: Pinto bean

text: Pinto beans are often soaked, which greatly shortens cooking time. If unsoaked, they are frequently boiled rapidly for 10 minutes. They will then generally take two to three hours to cook on a stove to soften. In a pressure cooker they will cook very rapidly, perhaps 3 minutes if soaked, and 20-45 minutes if unsoaked. Cooking times vary considerably however and may depend on the source of the bean, hardness of the cooking water and many other factors.


title: Pinto bean

text: A nutrient-dense legume, the pinto bean contains many essential nutrients. It is a good source of protein, phosphorus and manganese, and very high in dietary fiber and folate.


title: Pinto bean

text: Rice and pinto beans served with cornbread or corn tortillas are often a staple meal where meat is unavailable. This combination contains the essential amino acids necessary for humans in adequate amounts: corn complements beans' relative scarcity of methionine and cystine and beans complement corn's relative scarcity of lysine and tryptophan.


title: Pinto bean

text: Studies have indicated pinto beans can lower the levels of both HDL and LDL cholesterol. Pinto beans have also been shown to contain the phytoestrogen coumestrol, which has a variety of possible health effects.


title: Pinto bean

text: Pinto beans have long been associated with flatulence. According to historian Alfred Crosby, this was not true prior to the Columbian Exchange. Indigenous cultures instead soaked beans several times as opposed to Europeans who came from more aired climates and generally soaked beans at much lower levels.


title: Braga

text: Braga ( , ; ) is a city and a municipality, capital of the northwestern Portuguese district of Braga and of the historical and cultural Minho Province. Braga Municipality has a resident population of 193,333 inhabitants (in 2021), representing the seventh largest municipality in Portugal (by population). Its area is 183.40 km. Its agglomerated urban area extends from the Cávado River to the Este River. It is the most populated urban area in Portugal outside Lisbon and Porto Metropolitan Areas.


title: Braga

text: It is host to the oldest Portuguese archdiocese, the Archdiocese of Braga of the Catholic Church and it is the seat of the Primacy of the Spains. During the Roman Empire, then known as Bracara Augusta, the settlement was the capital of the province of Gallaecia and later of the Kingdom of the Suebi that was one of the first to separate from the Roman Empire. Inside of the city there is also a castle tower that can be visited. Nowadays, Braga is a major hub for inland Northern Portugal and it is an important stop on the Portuguese Way path of the Road of St James. The city was also the European Youth Capital in 2012.


title: Braga

text: Human occupation of the region of Braga dates back thousands of years, documented by vestiges of monumental structures starting in the Megalithic era. During the Iron Age, the Castro culture extended into the northwest, characterized by Bracari peoples who occupied the high ground in strategically located fortified settlements (castrum).


title: Braga

text: The region became the domain of the "Callaici Bracarii", a Celtic tribe who occupied what is now northern Portugal, Galicia and Asturias in the northwest of Iberia.


title: Braga

text: The Romans began their conquest of the region around 136 BC, and finished it, by conquering the northern regions, during the reign of Emperor Augustus. The civitas of Bracara Augusta was founded in 20 BC; in the context of the administrative reorganization of these Roman acquisitions, Bracara was rededicated to the Emperor taking on the name "Bracara Augusta". The city of Bracara Augusta developed greatly during the 1st century and reached its maximum extension around the 2nd century.


title: Braga

text: Towards the end of the 3rd century, the Emperor Diocletian promoted the city to the status of capital of the administrative area Conventus bracarensis, the southwestern area of the newly founded Roman province of Gallaecia.


title: Braga

text: The city was described as prosperous by the poet Ausonius, in the 4th century. Between 402 and 470 the Germanic Invasions of the Iberian Peninsula occurred, and the area was conquered by the Suebi, a Germanic people from Central Europe. According to records the city was protected by a wall, still in use since the 3rd century, and the old Roman theatre was repurposed into a fortress. In 410, the Suebi established a Kingdom in northwest Iberia covering what is present-day's Northern half of Portugal, Galicia and Asturias, which they maintained as "Gallaecia", and had Bracara as their capital. This kingdom was founded by Hermeric and lasted for over 150 years. However, the departure of the Vandals and the arrival of the Visigoths brought a new instability to the region. Between 419 and 422, Braga was threatened by the Vandals so it prepared itself for a siege, closed its gates and refused to open them; this led to the destruction of the surrounding countryside. Nevertheless, between 429 and 455, the Suebi made a military comeback in Iberia reinforcing their hold in Galeicia and Lusitania. In 455, while the Visigothic king Theodoric II sacked Braga, utterly destroying many historical and archaeological records, the Suebi king Rechiar escaped the city, wounded, to Porto. We still have records of a list of dioceses and parishes of Braga, made in 570, however. By about 584, the Visigoths took permanent control of Gallaecia from the Suebi, and Braga was made a provincial capital.


title: Braga

text: Because historians are still unsure of the dating of the Chapel of São Pedro de Balsemão, in Lamego, currently Braga can boast that it hosts the oldest chapel in Portugal, the Chapel of São Frutuoso. The chapel was built by the Visigoths on top of a Roman temple to Asclepius and it was made to be a Royal Chapel. In 656 AD, it was consecrated by Saint Fructuosus to be used as his tomb.


title: Braga

text: Historical records show, so far, that the first known was named "Paternus", who famously renounced priscillianism at the First Council of Toledo, in September of 400 AD. We also have records of a bishop named "Balconius" (415-447), who was also recorded to be present when the Iberian clergy received, in 435, a German priest from Arabia accompanied by several Greeks with news from the Council of Ephesus (431). "Balconius" was also a contemporary and correspondent of Pope Leo I.


title: Braga

text: Tradition, however, states that Saint Peter of Rates was the first bishop of Braga, a Jew personally elevated to the role by Saint James. Another bishop, Saint Ovidius (d. 135 AD) is also sometimes considered one of the first bishops of this city.


title: Braga

text: Braga had an important role in the "Christianization" of the Iberian Peninsula. In the early 5th century, Paulus Orosius (a friend of Augustine of Hippo) wrote several theological works that expounded the Christian faith. While thanks to the work of Saint Martin of Braga the Suebi in Iberia renounced the Arian and Priscillianist heresies during two synods held here in the 6th century. It is also worth noting that Rechiar, the suebi king, was also the first Germanic king in Europe to convert to Chalcedonian Christianism, predating Clovis of the Franks. At the time, Martin also founded an important monastery in Dumio ("Dume"), and it was in Braga that the Archbishopric of Braga held their councils.


title: Braga

text: As a consequence, the Archbishops of Braga later claimed the title of "Primatus Totus Hispania", claiming supremacy over the entire Hispanic church. Yet, their authority was never accepted throughout Hispania, and today they only retain the title of Primate of Portugal. The bishop "Balconius", who was later elevated to become the first Archbishop of Braga, and according to later sources, was also the first to be given said title.


title: Braga

text: The transition from Visigothic reigns to the Muslim conquest of Iberia was very obscure, representing a period of decline for the city. The Moors briefly captured Braga early in the 8th century, but were repelled by Christian forces under Alfonso III of Asturias in 868 with intermittent attacks until 1040 when they were definitively ousted by Ferdinand I of León and Castile. As a consequence, the bishopric was restored in 1070 and elevated to new heights. The first new Archbishop, Peter of Braga (?-1096), immediately started rebuilding the Cathedral (which was modified many times during the following centuries). According to historical records and oral tradition, the Archbishop Diego Gelmírez of Santiago de Compostela, fearing the rise of the Cathedral of Braga, stole the relics of Braga's saints in an attempt to diminish the religious importance of the city, the relics only returned to Braga in the 1990s.


title: Braga

text: When, after his death, Alfonso III the Great of the Kingdom of Asturias divided his kingdom among his sons in 908, he assigned the Kingdom of Galicia to Ordoño of Galicia, who established his capital in Braga. Between 1093 and 1147, Braga became the residential seat of the Portuguese court. In the early 12th century, Count Henry of Portugal and bishop Geraldo de Moissac reclaimed the archbishopric seat for Braga, with power over a large area in Iberia. The medieval city developed around the cathedral, with the maximum authority in the city retained by the archbishop.


title: Braga

text: Braga as the main center of Christianity in Iberia, during the Reconquista (until the emergence of Santiago de Compostela and, later, the conquest of Toledo from the Muslims, in 1085), held a prominent stage in medieval politics, being a major contributor to the Independence of Portugal with the intervention of the Archbishop D. Paio Mendes in the Vatican, with Pope Alexander III, which lead to the promulgation of the Bula Manifestis Probatum, in 1179, recognizing Portugal as an independent Kingdom under D. Afonso I Henriques. It is traditionally told that the future king was baptized by Saint Gerald of Braga, although the exact location is still being debated. Because of this support for D. Afonso Henriques, the new king gave large privileges to the city of Braga handing it over to direct control of the Church, basically making it a personal fiefdom of the Archbishop. This legal particularism continued all throughout history until the instauration of the Republic giving the city and its surrounding area the nickname of ""Paiz Bracarense"" (roughly translated as "Country of Braga").


title: Braga

text: In the 16th century, due to its distance from the coast and provincial status, Braga did not profit from the adventures associated with the Age of Portuguese Discoveries (which favoured cities like Lisbon, Évora and Coimbra, new seats for the Portuguese court). Yet, Archbishop Diogo de Sousa, who sponsored several urban improvements in the city, including the enlargement of streets, the creation of public squares and the foundation of hospitals and new churches managed to modernize the community. He expanded and remodelled the cathedral by adding a new chapel in the Manueline style, and generally turning the mediaeval town into a Renaissance city.


title: Braga

text: A similar period of rejuvenation occurred during the 18th century, when the archbishops of the House of Braganza contracted architects like André Soares and Carlos Amarante, to modernize and rejuvenate the city; they began a series of architectural transformations to churches and civic institutions in the Baroque style, including the municipal hall, public library, the Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Monte and many urban palaces. D. Luís de Sousa was another main archbishop who, with other merits, ordered the Church of the Parish of Saint Victor to be rebuilt, ordered the Campo de S. Ana to be enlarged, to rebuild the Church of S. Vicente, to requalify the now non-existent Chapel of S. Sebastian and the construction of the Igreja dos Congregados which would later be monumentalized into the current version of the Basilica of the Congregados. Likewise, under the auspices of this diplomatic archbishop, the canon of the Braga Chapter, João Meira Carrilho, ordered the construction of the Chapel of the Congregation of the Oratory that existed within the Campo de S. Ana (modern day "Avenida Central"). The old fortress built on top of the Roman theatre still stood in the 18th century, in the southern part of Maximinos, but in search of the Roman foundations it was eventually torn down and it is now an .


title: Braga

text: In 1758, Braga, like many other places, was included in the census requested by the monarchy, under the 1st Marquis of Pombal. These records are known as the Parochial Memories ("Memórias Paroquiais") which can be consulted through various sources.


title: Braga

text: In March 1809 it was the scene of the Battle of Braga, when French troops under Marshal Soult took the town from its Portuguese garrison. With the invasion of French troops, during the Peninsular Wars the city was relegated, once again, to a provincial status. But, by the second half of that century, with influence from Portuguese immigrants living in Brazil, new money and tastes resulted in improvements to architecture and infrastructures.


title: Braga

text: In the 20th century Braga faced similar periods of growth and decline; demographic and urban pressures, from urban-to-rural migration meant that the city's infrastructures had to be improved in order to satisfy greater demands.


title: Braga

text: Situated in the heart of Minho, Braga is located in a transitional region between the east and west: between mountains, forests, grand valleys, plains and fields, constructing natural spaces, moulded by human intervention. Geographically, with an area of it is bordered in the north by the municipalities of Vila Verde and Amares, northeast and east by Póvoa de Lanhoso, south and southeast with Guimarães and Vila Nova de Famalicão and west by the municipality of Barcelos.


title: Braga

text: The topography in the municipality is characterized by irregular valleys, interspersed by mountainous spaces, fed by rivers running in parallel with the principal rivers. In the north it is limited by the Cávado River, in the south by terrain of the Serra dos Picos to a height of and towards the east by the Serra dos Carvalhos to a height of , opening to the municipalities of Vila Nova de Famalicão and Barcelos. The territory extends from the northeast to southwest, accompanying the valleys of the two rivers, fed by many of its tributaries, forming small platforms between and .


title: Braga

text: The municipality lies between and , with the urbanized centre located at approximately . In the north, where the municipality is marked by the Cavado, the terrain is semi-planar, the east is mountainous owing to the Serra do Carvalho , Serra dos Picos , Monte do Sameiro and Monte de Santa Marta . Between the Serra do Carvalho and Serra dos Picos is the River Este, forming the valley of Vale d’Este. Similarly, between the Serra dos Picos and Monte do Sameiro exists the plateau of Sobreposta-Pedralva. To the south and west, the terrain is a mix of mountains, plateaus and medium-size valleys, permitting the passage of the River Este, and giving birth to other confluences including the River Veiga, River Labriosca and various ravines.


title: Braga

text: Braga has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate similar to other cities in the northwest Iberian Peninsula except for having significantly hotter summer temperatures due to being some distance from the ocean: the absolute maximum is as much as higher than neighbouring A Coruña or Santiago de Compostela. The highest and lowest recorded temperatures are and respectively.


title: Braga

text: The climate is affected by the Atlantic Ocean which influences westerly winds that are channeled through the region's valleys, transporting large humid air masses. Consequently, the climate tends to be pleasant with clearly defined seasons. The air masses have the effect of maintaining morning relative humidity around 80%: annual mean temperatures hover between and . Owing to nocturnal cooling, frost usually forms frequently between three and four months of the year (about 30 days of frost annually), and annually the region receives of precipitation, with the major intensity occurring between fall/winter and spring.


title: Braga

text: The municipality is densely populated, with approximately 962 inhabitants per square kilometre, equivalent to 181,474 residents (2011); it is one of the more populous territories in Portugal, as well as one of the "younger" markets. The majority of the population concentrates in the urban area of Braga, itself, where densities are more than 10000 per square kilometre.


title: Braga

text: The Bracarense population consists of approximately 78954 male and 85238 female individuals, with 35% of the population less than 25 years of age, while seniors conform to 11% of the population; the working population of the municipality occupies 54% of this structure. Although largely native Portuguese, other segments of the population include Brazilians, Africans (principally from the former Portuguese colonies), Chinese and eastern European peoples, namely Ukrainians.


title: Braga

text: The urban structure includes approximately 70,268 residences (2001), even as the typical classic representation of family only includes 51,173 members in the municipality. The "extra" homes are primarily temporary residences, normally for students, migrant workers and professionals working in the city. There is, also, a great number of homes owned by Portuguese residents living overseas (who use the homes periodically while in Portugal) even as constant and development has attracted new growth in the population. Further, the difference in resident to transitory population means that, on average, the population of Braga hovers between 174,000 and 230,000 individuals annually.


title: Braga

text: Growth in the population, roughly 16.2% between 1991 and 2001, occurred mainly in the older suburban civil parishes, such as Nogueira (124.6%), Frossos (68.4%), Real (59.8%) and Lamaçães (50.9%).


title: Braga

text: There is no formal city government, only municipal government authority, with local administration handled by the individual "juntas de freguesia" or civil parish councils.


title: Braga

text: The major industries in the municipality are construction, metallurgy and mechanics, electrical and electronic equipment, software development and web design. The computer industry is significant. Braga hosts the Primavera company headquarters, a leading Portuguese enterprise project portfolio management software. The INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, a joint research center in nanotechnology established and funded by both the Portuguese and the Spanish governments, is also headquartered in Braga. Automotive industry has a long history in Braga. Aptiv operates a technical center for the development and production of automotive infotainment systems. This plant was previously owned by Grundig. Next to Aptiv, Robert Bosch GmbH operates a similar technical center, mainly for branches of infotainment and sensors. This plant was previously founded by Blaupunkt. Bosch has been working closely with the University of Minho in Portugal since 2012, producing one of the country's largest university-corporate partnerships. In the process, many projects for the mobility of the future are being tackled. In 2018, German Chancellor Angela Merkel and Portuguese Prime Minister António Costa were on site for the launch of a new technology campus. The university, headquartered in Braga, is also by itself a major driving force of the city's economy.


title: Braga

text: Although the region hosts its own airfield (Aerodromo de Braga) in Palmeira, the principal airport of note is Sá Carneiro International Airport located away, in Porto Metropolitan Area. Access is made by public transit to the city centre (roughly 40 minutes) or Aerobus (50 minutes).


title: Braga

text: It has an efficient bus network (TUB - Transportes Urbanos de Braga) with 76 lines in the urban area and over a 300 km network.


title: Braga

text: The region of Braga is scattered with Neolithic, Roman, Medieval and Modernist monuments, buildings and structures attracting tourists. Although there are many examples of these structures, only the following have been classified by the Instituto de Gestão do Património Arquitectónico e Arqueológico as National Monuments:


title: Braga

text: In addition, many of the district's treasures and historical artifacts are housed in several museums that are scattered throughout the city, such as:


title: Braga

text: The city is the headquarters and main campus for the Universidade do Minho (Minho University), a public university founded in 1973. A campus of Portugal's oldest private university of Portugal, the Universidade Católica Portuguesa, was also established in 1967, as well as the Escola Secundária Sá de Miranda (the oldest Secondary school in Braga).


title: Braga

text: In the late 2000s, the International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory also opened their international research centre in the city.


title: Braga

text: The Braga Pedagogical Farm is a farm dealing with animals and agriculture, welcoming extra-curricular activities from schools and visitors.


title: Braga

text: Braga's football team, Sporting Clube de Braga, was founded in 1921 and play in the top division of Portuguese football, the Liga Portugal bwin, from Braga Municipal Stadium, carved out of the Monte Castro hill that overlooks the city. Braga has had considerable success in recent years, winning the Taça de Portugal (Portuguese Cup) for the second time in 2016 and the third in 2021 and reaching the Europa League final in 2011, which they lost to fellow Portuguese side FC Porto.


title: Braga

text: The Rampa da Falperra, a round of the European Hillclimb Championship, is held every year in the outskirts of the city.


title: Braga

text: The Circuito Vasco Sameiro and adjacent the Kartódromo Internacional de Braga are located around the local airfield. The racing track held European Touring Car Cup events in 2009 and 2010, and the KIB has held rounds of the Karting World Championship.


title: Valerie Mahaffey

text: Valerie Mahaffey (born June 16, 1953) is an American character actress and producer. She began her career starring in the NBC daytime soap opera "The Doctors" (1979–81), for which in 1980 she was nominated for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series.


title: Valerie Mahaffey

text: In 1992, Mahaffey won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for her role in the CBS drama series "Northern Exposure". She later won fame through her portrayal of extroverted and friendly but ultimately insane women on the television shows "Wings", "Desperate Housewives", "Devious Maids" and "Big Sky". Mahaffey also appeared in a number of movies, including "Senior Trip" (1995), "Jungle 2 Jungle" (1997), "Jack and Jill" (2011), "Sully" (2016), and most notably "French Exit" (2020), for which she received critical acclaim and an Independent Spirit Award nomination.


title: Valerie Mahaffey

text: Mahaffey was born in Sumatra, Indonesia, to a Canadian mother and a Texan father who met in New Brunswick, Canada. When Mahaffey was 16, the family moved to Austin, Texas, where she graduated from Austin High School. She earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts from the University of Texas at Austin in 1975 and later made her Broadway debut in the musical "Rex".


title: Valerie Mahaffey

text: Mahaffey was regular cast member in the soap opera "The Doctors" from 1979 to 1981, which earned her a nomination for Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 1980. She starred in the film "Women of Valor" in 1986 and while the characters are fictitious, it portrayed women's roles in the Philippines during World War II. Also in 1986 Mahaffey co-starred in the cult satirical TV miniseries "Fresno", which parodied popular TV soaps of the day.


title: Valerie Mahaffey

text: As of the late 1980s, Mahaffey began acting in television comedies, like "Newhart", "Cheers", and "Seinfeld". From 1992 to 1993, she starred in the short-lived NBC sitcom "The Powers That Be" and in the CBS sitcom "Women of the House" alongside Delta Burke in 1995. She played Tracy Milford in the 1995 film "National Lampoon's Senior Trip" and Jan Kempster in the 1997 film "Jungle 2 Jungle". In 1999, she had a recurring role on "ER". In 2003, she co-starred in the film "Seabiscuit". In 2009, she appeared in seven episodes of Showtime comedy series "United States of Tara". Her stage credits include "Eastern Standard", "Talking Heads", "Top Girls", and "Rex".


title: Valerie Mahaffey

text: Mahaffey won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for her performance as the chronic hypochondriac Eve in the CBS series "Northern Exposure" in 1992. Mahaffey was the only actor from the series to win an Emmy Award.


title: Valerie Mahaffey

text: Mahaffey played Alma Hodge in season 3 of ABC comedy-drama series "Desperate Housewives" from 2006 to 2007. Mahaffey made guest appearances on "Quantum Leap", "L.A. Law", "Ally McBeal", "Judging Amy", "The West Wing", "", "Frasier", "", "Private Practice", "Boston Legal", "Without a Trace", and "Raising Hope". She appeared on "Glee" as the mother of Emma Pillsbury from 2011 to 2013. Mahaffey co-starred as Fran Horowitz in short-lived TNT medical drama "Monday Mornings" in 2013. From 2013 to 2015, she had a recurring role on Lifetime Television comedy-drama series "Devious Maids" as Olivia Rice.


title: Valerie Mahaffey

text: In 2016, Mahaffey played a supporting role as Diane Higgins in the biographical drama film "Sully" directed by Clint Eastwood. In 2017, she began appearing in a recurring role in the CBS comedy series "Young Sheldon". From 2019 to 2022, Mahaffey had a recurring role as Lorna Harding, Christina Applegate's mother-in-law in the Netflix comedy-drama series "Dead to Me".


title: Valerie Mahaffey

text: In 2020, Mahaffey starred opposite Michelle Pfeiffer in the comedy-drama film "French Exit" playing widow Madame Reynaud. Mahaffey received positive reviews from critics for her scene-stealing comedic performance in film. She has been listed as a contender for a nomination in the 2021 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress category. Later in 2020, Mahaffey was cast in a series regular role in the ABC crime drama series "Big Sky".


title: Warren Kole

text: Warren David Blosjo Jr. (born September 23, 1977) known professionally as Warren Kole, is an American actor known for his role as LAPD Detective Wes Mitchell on the USA Network original series "Common Law". He also played Roderick on the FOX original series "The Following" in its first season, and starred as FBI Agent Robert Stahl in the NBC crime drama "Shades of Blue". He also portrayed Rafe Adler in the video game "".


title: Warren Kole

text: Warren Kole was born in San Antonio, Texas, and spent much of his early life in the Washington, D.C. area. He studied acting at Boston University in Massachusetts where he began his career performing in local theater productions.


title: Warren Kole

text: Kole made his feature film debut in "A Love Song for Bobby Long" opposite John Travolta, Scarlett Johansson, and fellow USA Network star, Gabriel Macht. He also starred as Addley Koffin opposite Rebecca De Mornay and Jaime King in the independent thriller "Mother's Day", and he made an appearance in 2012 blockbuster "The Avengers". He also had a role in the TV show "Rizzoli & Isles". Kole had a recurring role as Roderick on the Fox series "The Following".


title: Warren Kole

text: Prior to his role on "Common Law", he had recurring roles on the Fox series "The Chicago Code", "24", and "Mental". He also had a starring role as Robert Wheeler in the 6-part TNT miniseries "Into the West", produced by Steven Spielberg and DreamWorks. He also starred in the "Pick Me Up" episode of Showtime's "Masters of Horror" anthology series.


title: Warren Kole

text: In 2016, Kole began a supporting role as FBI Special Agent Robert Stahl on the NBC series "Shades of Blue" opposite Jennifer Lopez and Ray Liotta. Kole would then later portray Rafe Adler, main antagonist of the 2016 video game "".


title: Ethan Winters

text: Originally designed as an unseen everyman to foster the player's identification with him as the protagonist of "Resident Evil 7", Capcom intended to shape Ethan from a blank state into a more defined character in "Village". He is voiced by Hidenobu Kiuchi in Japanese and Todd Soley in English. Ethan has received a mixed reception from video game publications, with some praising his relatability, while others have criticized him for a lack of emotional range and character development.


title: Ethan Winters

text: In "", players take Ethan's viewpoint as an embodied presence as opposed to an on-screen avatar. The game's goal for players is to advance the narrative while keeping him alive with limited resources. According to Morimasa Sato, who was a writer for "Resident Evil 7" and the director of the "Resident Evil Village", the development team initially thought of Ethan as merely "a camera for the player" and "transparent".


title: Ethan Winters

text: Towards the end of development for "Resident Evil 7: Biohazard", its developers had begun planning for the next mainline "Resident Evil" game. A decision was made by the developers to set it as a direct continuation of "Resident Evil 7" and Ethan's story arc, as they had developed an attachment to Ethan and saw potential in him as a character. Producer Peter Fabiano stated that the team wanted players to experience "Village" from Ethan's perspective, with Sato describing "Village" as the story of Ethan and "the entirety of who he is".


title: Ethan Winters

text: Ethan's face is never shown within the gameplay for "Resident Evil 7" or "Resident Evil Village" due to players controlling Ethan from a first-person perspective. An unused version of Ethan's character model, hidden within the game's assets, has fully developed facial features. In the expansion "Shadows of Rose" for "Resident Evil Village", Ethan appears in a third-person mode and despite attempts to obscure his face, players could see it by performing certain actions.


title: Ethan Winters

text: In "Resident Evil 7: Biohazard" and "Resident Evil Village", Ethan was voiced by American actor, Todd Soley. In Japanese, he was voiced by Hidenobu Kiuchi. The character model was based by the Tunisian model, Yaya Chamki.


title: Ethan Winters

text: Ethan made his first appearance in the 2017 video game "". He is an American systems engineer who worked in Los Angeles. Nearly three years after his wife Mia's disappearance, Ethan receives a cryptic video message from Mia that leads him to a derelict plantation in a small Louisiana town called Dulvey. He locates and rescues Mia, but she abruptly becomes hostile and attacks Ethan while attempting to flee, dismembering his hand with a chainsaw. Ethan attacks her in self defense, landing a seemingly fatal blow on her before encountering Jack Baker, who incapacitates and abducts him. Ethan wakes up to a dinner event where several members of the Baker family gather, but manages to escape his captors and receives assistance from Zoe Baker, a wayward member of the Baker family who had reattached Ethan's hand when he was still unconscious. She reveals that her family is under the control of Eveline, a powerful genetically engineered bio-weapon. Zoe reveals that Eveline can infect other humans, which grants them powerful regenerative abilities and super-human strength. Zoe advises Ethan to synthesize a serum from components across the plantation that can cure Mia and herself.


title: Ethan Winters

text: Ethan's journey leads him to battle other members of the Baker family and the Molded, humanoid monstrosities created by Eveline. He ultimately cures Mia who successfully regains control of herself. Mia reveals she was employed by a criminal syndicate to act as Eveline's handler but succumbed to her influence. Ethan confronts Eveline and dispatches her with the assistance of a paramilitary company led by Chris Redfield. Ethan and Mia escape the plantation.


title: Ethan Winters

text: The amount of blood and gore players as Ethan are exposed to in the Japanese version of the game, "Biohazard 7: Resident Evil", is substantially less compared to the international release. On the other hand, smaller changes made to Ethan's dismemberment, such as black blood flowing from his severed limbs, alludes to an important plot point which suggests that he may have been infected with the mold generated by Eveline.


title: Ethan Winters

text: Ethan returns in "Resident Evil Village" as its central character. Set three years after the events of the previous game, Ethan lives in Europe with Mia and their newborn daughter, Rosemary. Chris Redfield storms the house and kills Mia while taking him and Rosemary under custody. The truck transporting Ethan is attacked and he is stranded in a nearby village whose inhabitants are massacred by lycans. He is captured by Karl Heisenberg, one of the four local lords who serve the village's leader, Mother Miranda, and brought before her, discovering that they have Rosemary. Miranda allows Heisenberg to dispose of Ethan, but Ethan escapes.


title: Ethan Winters

text: After defeating Alcina Dimitrescu, one of the lords, Ethan discovers that Rosemary was dismembered, her remains stored in four flasks, each of the lords in possession of one of them; he learns from the local merchant The Duke that she can be revived should he retrieve all flasks. After obtaining them, and killing all the lords except for Heisenberg, Ethan reunites with Chris who reveals that the "Mia" he killed was a shapeshifting Miranda posing as her to kidnap Rosemary, and he was trying to protect the family. Using a makeshift tank assembled by Chris, Ethan kills Heisenberg, only to be fatally wounded by Miranda as she rips out his heart. However, Ethan survives due to the regenerative abilities he developed through the effects of the strain of mold from Louisiana.


title: Ethan Winters

text: Shortly after, Ethan begins to hallucinate. Eveline appears to Ethan, taunting Ethan that he has been dead since Louisiana, having been killed by Jack Baker in their first encounter. Ethan comes back to reality, being transported by The Duke in his carriage. Ethan confronts Miranda and defeats her, rescuing the restored Rosemary, but begins to succumb to his wounds, which prove to be too severe for his regenerative abilities to counter. Having planted a bomb to destroy the Megamycete (the source of the mold that birthed Miranda, the Four Lords, and Eveline) Chris attempts to help Ethan and Rosemary to his helicopter. However, Ethan realizes he is dying, and entrusts his daughter to Chris and asks him to watch over her. Ethan then takes the detonator from Chris as Miranda's mold spreads, separating Ethan and Chris. Ethan limps toward the Megamycete and detonates the bomb, sacrificing himself as it destroys the village while the helicopter containing Chris, Mia, and Rose flies away.


title: Ethan Winters

text: In the "Shadows of Rose" DLC chapter, set sixteen years after the game's main events, Rose enters the Megamycete's realm to find a way to remove her powers through a remnant Hound Wolf Squad have recently acquired. Shortly after entering, an entity calling itself "Michael" makes contact with her, only communicating through writing. He provides Rose resources and enhancements to her abilities, though suggests she leave on multiple occasions. Rose eventually learns of that "Michael" is actually Ethan after he is forced to physically interfere to save her from Eveline. Files reveal that his consciousness survived through the Megamycete, which he was in close proximity with before his death. After learning the cure is actually a trap set by the remnant of Miranda, Ethan tries to help Rose escape but is critically injured. Rather than leave him to die, Rose enhances herself and battles Miranda, killing her after being further empowered by him. As she leaves the realm, Ethan expresses how proud of her he is, giving her his wedding ring as she returns to the real world.


title: Ethan Winters

text: To promote "Village", Capcom released a developer diary titled “The Making of Resident Evil Village: Winter Comes for Ethan” in September 2020, where staff members discuss Ethan's role within the game.


title: Ethan Winters

text: The "Resident Evil Village Deluxe Edition" is bundled with an art book titled "The Tragedy of Ethan Winters".


title: Ethan Winters

text: Ethan has received a mixed reception. Some video game journalists, such as Chris Moyse from "Destructoid" and Liana Ruppert from "Game Informer", credit the character's role in "Resident Evil 7" as a factor behind the video game's popularity and ongoing commercial success. Josh West from "GamesRadar+" suggested that Ethan's return to headline a direct sequel to "Resident Evil 7" is unprecedented and noted that Capcom had never entrusted a single protagonist with back-to-back installments of the mainline "Resident Evil" series.


title: Ethan Winters

text: Some commentators have positively reviewed Ethan as a relatable protagonist. Ray Porreca thought that the "murky" environments of "Resident Evil 7" conflicted with Ethan's slightly formal attire, delineating him as "what a modern hero can look like". Porreca noted Ethan is at odds of what constitutes a conventional "Resident Evil" protagonist, and felt an unskilled everyman who survives against overwhelming odds, subverting player's expectations of "a game ["Resident Evil 7]" that upsets tradition to restore some glory to its name". "The Escapist"s Audric Figueroa agreed that Ethan is very different compared to previous "Resident Evil" protagonists, who are portrayed as heroic law enforcement agents fighting against corporations, as he is motivated by his personal relationship with Mia. Figueroa suggested that a mundane family man who is eager to rescue his wife is the "perfect protagonist" for the story, where domestic violence both "literal and metaphorical" forms the core of the game's "encounter philosophy".


title: Ethan Winters

text: Others have criticized Ethan for lacking in personality or character development. "Game Informer"s Andrew Reiner described Ethan's personality to be "as transparent as the specters he encounters". He noted an incongruency between the character's occasional reactions to inconsequential details but mostly silent nature in the face of danger, and thought that its narrative unravels into a "voyeuristic" exploration of the estate's inhabitants instead of its protagonist's personal stake in it. Hannes Rossow from German publication "GamePro" was highly critical of the character's perceived lack of personality in "Resident Evil 7". He wrote that Ethan's prominence in "Village" had dampened his enthusiasm for the game and expressed a preference for another protagonist who is a properly developed character. Chandler Wood of "PlayStation LifeStyle" called Ethan "Resident Evil"s most forgettable character for his lack of emotion, leading to real-world instances where people could not recall his name and felt that the player was unable to both simultaneously control and emphasize with him. Matthew Bryd of "Den of Geek" felt Ethan was the worst protagonist of a "Resident Evil" title and even gaming in general, citing "bad voice acting, bad writing, and questionable lore", as well as further character flaws. Giovanni Colantonio of "Inverse" described Ethan as the worst game hero of all time. He further said that "Ethan feels like the dumbest, most hapless man in the world, and yet nothing can hurt him." Gene Park of "The Washington Post" called Ethan an "idiot" for how he reacted to events during "Resident Evil Village". He criticized that Ethan "has no character arc" and "isn't likely to enter the pantheon of great video game characters." Ashley Bardhan from "Kotaku" has also criticized and compared Ethan to James Sunderland from "Silent Hill", stating that both characters are "the same" and "boring". Conversely, Andy Kelly from "PC Gamer" and Jade King from "TheGamer" opined that being "boring" or "generic" is Ethan's most positive contribution to the player's gameplay experience, given the context of the dangerous environments and characters he faces.


title: Ethan Winters

text: Ian Walker from "Kotaku" was amused by Capcom's persistent attempts to hide Ethan's face behind the weapons he wields within promotional art, while "GamePro"s Hannes Rossow called the attempts to maintain the illusion of Ethan as a faceless character absurd, as the character's actual face is known to exist within the game assets of "Resident Evil 7". Moises Taveras of "Paste" wrote he didn't feel that Ethan belonged in the world, due to his ambiguous backstory and lack of physical appearance. As a result of his faceless presentation and lack of background information provided by Capcom, Ethan's character is often discussed in fan theories about his true nature. In addition, Epic Games included Ethan, along with Jill Valentine and Lady Dimitrescu, in a list of characters and brands as part of a 2021 survey it distributed to "Fortnite" players in order to gauge interest in future crossover promotions.


title: Ethan Winters

text: Some critics have noted a tendency throughout the games for Ethan to suffer from serious injury or complete dismemberment of his limbs, particularly his hands, and an ability to quickly heal or re-attach them with little effort.


title: Ethan Winters

text: In her discussion of allusions between "Resident Evil 7" and horror cinema as part of the former's use of intertextuality, Dawn Stobbart described multiple instances where Ethan's journey mirror that of specific scenes from the 1974 film "The Texas Chain Saw Massacre". Ethan's predicament during the dinner table scene with the Baker family is analyzed as the most overt example: like recurring franchise character Sally Hardesty, Ethan is seated at the foot of the table as he awakens to a grotesque feast seemingly made from human entrails, while the other characters present almost identically mirror the characters Sally encounters at the table.


title: Lecy Goranson

text: Alicia Linda "Lecy" Goranson (; born June 22, 1974) is an American actress. She plays Becky Conner in the television sitcoms "Roseanne", which debuted in 1988, and "The Conners". She has also had supporting roles in the films "How to Make an American Quilt" (1996), "Boys Don't Cry" (1999), and "The Extra Man" (2010).


title: Lecy Goranson

text: Goranson studied acting in Chicago and subsequently landed the role of Becky Conner. It was only the second time she ever auditioned for any part. She played the character for five seasons, exiting the series in 1992, several episodes into the fifth season, to attend Vassar College. Her academic schedule allowed her to continue appearing part-time as Becky. Under her new arrangement, the show's producers and writers wrote scenes for Becky sparingly. Goranson's exit resulted in Becky's eloping with her boyfriend Mark.


title: Lecy Goranson

text: During the following season, the producers wanted to bring back the character. Goranson was still unavailable, so Sarah Chalke auditioned and won the role.


title: Lecy Goranson

text: Chalke played Becky for the remainder of the sixth season and all of the seventh season. When the show reached its eighth season, Goranson was able to play Becky again while still attending college, replacing Chalke. Goranson appeared in the show's eighth season, but by mid-season she had scheduling conflicts with school again. On two occasions Goranson had to pull out of episodes in which the Becky character was necessary: Darlene's wedding and a family trip to Walt Disney World. Chalke played Becky for these episodes. Toward the season's end, Goranson returned to play Becky. When the series was renewed for a ninth season, Goranson, who was still in school, declined to continue in the role in order not to cause scheduling conflicts. Chalke returned for the ninth season, which was her last appearance in that role. Chalke did appear in season 10 as the new character Andrea who attempts to enlist Becky as a surrogate mother.


title: Lecy Goranson

text: The appearances by Goranson vs. Chalke became a running gag. Goranson's first re-appearance was marked with a, "Where the hell have you been?" comment from several cast members while in character. Similarly, Chalke's sporadic appearances during Season 8 would be played for humor with an, "Aren't you glad you're here this week?" remark from Roseanne. There was even a glimpse into the future where a grown-up and somewhat catatonic DJ, played by John Goodman instead of Michael Fishman, repeatedly uttered to a psychiatrist (referring to Becky), "They say she's the same, but she isn't the same". One episode ended with both Beckys performing a parody of the opening theme of "the Patty Duke Show", with similar music and lyrics to the "identical cousins song", and an appearance by William Schallert, who played the father on that show.


title: Lecy Goranson

text: After the initial run of "Roseanne", Goranson had several small roles in films and has guest starred in "", "Sex and the City", "Damages" and "Fringe". In her post-Roseanne film roles, she is normally credited as Alicia rather than Lecy Goranson. She played the part of Sandra in "The Extra Man" which opened in limited release on July 30, 2010.


title: Lecy Goranson

text: On April 28, 2017, it was announced that a revival of "Roseanne" was in the works with most of the original cast and some of the original producers slated to return. In May 2017, it was confirmed that Goranson would be returning in the role of Becky. Chalke would also appear, playing a different role. The revival of "Roseanne" premiered on March 27, 2018, on ABC. On May 29, 2018, in the wake of controversial remarks made by Roseanne Barr on Twitter regarding Valerie Jarrett (an advisor of former president Barack Obama), ABC cancelled the revival after a single season.


title: Lecy Goranson

text: On June 21, 2018, ABC announced a spin-off from "Roseanne", entitled "The Conners", with all the original cast of "Roseanne" to return, except for Barr herself. The new show premiered on October 16, 2018.


title: Lecy Goranson

text: Goranson was born in Evanston, Illinois, to Stephen Goranson, who worked for the Environmental Protection Agency, and Linda Goranson, who taught English at Evanston Township High School. She has an older brother named Adam. Her mother died in January 2020.


title: Religion in Malaysia

text: Malaysia is a multireligious country, whose official religion is Islam. As of the 2020 Population and Housing Census, 63.5 percent of the population practices Islam; 18.7 percent Buddhism; 9.1 percent Christianity; 6.1 percent Hinduism; and 2.7 percent other religion or gave no information. The remainder is accounted for by other faiths, including Animism, Folk religion, Sikhism, Baháʼí Faith and other belief systems. The states of Sarawak, Penang and the federal territory of Kuala Lumpur have non-Muslim majorities. Numbers of self-described atheists in Malaysia are few; the state has come under criticism from human rights organisations for the government's discrimination against atheists, with some cabinet members saying that "the freedom of religion is not the freedom from religion".


title: Religion in Malaysia

text: Islam in Malaysia is represented by the Shafi'i version of Sunni theology and the practice of any other form of the religion (such as Shia Islam) is heavily restricted by the government. The constitution makes Malaysia a secular country and guarantees freedom of religion, while establishing Islam as the "religion of the Federation" to symbolise its importance to Malaysian society.


title: Religion in Malaysia

text: Malaysian Chinese practice various faiths: Mahayana Buddhism and Chinese traditional religions (including Taoism). Hinduism is practised by the majority of Malaysian Indians. Christianity has established itself in some communities, especially in East Malaysia. It is not tied to any specific ethnic group.


title: Religion in Malaysia

text: Relations between different religious groups are generally quite tolerant, even though members of the different ethnic groups do tend to have more homogeneous personal relations, based on ethnicity and religion. Eids, Wesak, Christmas, Lunar New Year, and Deepavali have been declared national holidays. Various groups have been set up to try to promote religious understanding among the different groups, with religious harmony seen as a priority by Malaysian politicians.


title: Religion in Malaysia

text: All of the world's major religions have substantial representation in Malaysia. The Population and Housing Censuses figures shows approximately these proportions of the population following these religions:


title: Religion in Malaysia

text: All the Malaysian Malay people are Muslim by law. Most Malaysian Chinese follow Mahayana Buddhism or Chinese traditional religion (including Taoism, Confucianism, and ancestor worship). Statistics from the 2010 Census indicate that 83.6% of Malaysia's ethnic Chinese identify as Buddhist, with significant numbers of adherents following Taoism (3.4%) and Christianity (11.1%). The percentage of practitioners of the Chinese folk religions may be higher, as many practise both Buddhism and folk religions.


title: Religion in Malaysia

text: Christianity is the predominant religion of the non-Malay Bumiputra community (46.5%) with an additional 40.4% identifying as Muslims. Many indigenous tribes of East Malaysia have converted to Christianity, although Christianity has made fewer inroads into Peninsular Malaysia.


title: Religion in Malaysia

text: Malaysia is a multi-religious society, but while the Malaysian constitution theoretically guarantees freedom of religion, Islam is the official religion of the federation, as well as the legally presumed faith of all ethnic Malays. No ethnic Malay is allowed to leave Islam, while non-Malay Muslims seeking to apostatise require permission from a sharia court, which is rarely granted. Religious beliefs follow ethnic lines.


title: Religion in Malaysia

text: Holidays have been declared for holy days in numerous religions, although only Islam has more than one national holiday. Whether a religion obtains approval of the government is determined by the Registrar of Societies, part of the Ministry of Home Affairs. Only upon approval do they qualify for government benefits. However, unrecognised groups such as the Falun Gong can practise by registering themselves under the Companies Act, although this means that technical violations of the act can result in a fine.


title: Religion in Malaysia

text: The government believes the constitution provides a strong enough guarantee of religious freedom and should not be changed. Some restrictions are made on Malay texts from non-Islamic religions in Peninsular Malaysia, however, there are much less restrictions in East Malaysia. Head coverings are mandatory for non-Muslims in certain situations. The MyKad identity card states whether the holder is a Muslim or not.


title: Religion in Malaysia

text: As Islam is the state religion, the government provides financial support to Islamic establishments and enforces the Sunni form of Islam. State governments can impose Islamic law on Muslims, and the government will offer grants to private Muslim schools that allow a government-approved curriculum and supervision. The government also indirectly funds non-Islamic communities, although to a much smaller degree. The government generally does not interfere with the religious practices of non-Muslim communities. Public schools offer an Islamic religious instruction course which is compulsory for Muslim students, and non-Muslim students take a morals and ethics course.


title: Religion in Malaysia

text: The government prohibits any publications that it feels will incite racial or religious disharmony, and has asked that religious matters not be discussed in public due to their sensitivity. It claims nobody has been arrested under the Internal Security Act for religious reasons. The government may demolish unregistered religious places of worship, and nongovernmental organisations have complained about the demolition of unregistered Hindu temples. These were often constructed on privately owned plantations prior to independence in 1957. After independence plantations became government property. In 2006 the state of Negeri Sembilan announced the demolition of a Hindu temple, although the temple sought injunction and took it to court. State governments control mosques, appoint imams, and provide guidance for sermon content. The conflict between the federal and state governments over religious authority led to a slow pace of reform and development of laws relating to Islam. Other religious groups, such as the Malaysian Consultative Council of Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Sikhism and Taoism (MCCBCHST), have supported political rallies.


title: Religion in Malaysia

text: Political parties are usually closely linked to particular ethnicities, and thus in the case of Malay political parties, to Islam. Views on religion and its role in politics thus affects voting. This is particularly prominent for the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), which seeks an officially Islamic state. In the state of Kelantan, which PAS has governed since 1990, laws based on "hudud" have been enacted. Nonetheless, PAS participates within the democratic system and has moderated at times to win votes, even making political alliances with non-Muslim parties when advantageous.


title: Religion in Malaysia

text: Both Barisan Nasional (BN) and the opposition PAS party have attempted to deliver political messages using mosques in the states they govern. All civil servants must attend government-approved religion classes. BN has banned opposition-affiliated imams from mosques, enforced restrictions on sermons, replaced opposition sympathetic mosque leaders and governing committees, and closed down unauthorised mosques affiliated with the opposition. The state government of Selangor in August 2005 withheld visas from foreign imams to try to increase the number of local imams. PAS, which controls the state of Kelantan restricts imams affiliated with BN from their mosques. It is thought that support for a moderate Islam led to the 2004 election victory of BN over PAS in the state of Terengganu. Both parties became more Islamic in the 1980s and 1990s to try to obtain more of the Malay vote. Political problems are often portrayed as religious issues.


title: Religion in Malaysia

text: Despite the recognition of Islam as the state religion in the constitution, when created it was explicitly noted that the status was merely a symbolic one. It was not seen as something to be used as a basis of law, except by some Malay nationalists. Currently a dispute exists between those who promote a secular interpretation of the federal constitution and those who believe Shariah courts and Islamic law should have supremacy. The movement towards a more Islamic society, known as "dakwah", is often viewed as an effort to resist western influences. Secular values are often favoured by the Malay elite, who welcome the shared goals of industrial development. It is however opposed by Muslims who see it as an invasion of western culture and worldview. Support for a more Islamic society often comes from the more rural population of Malays.


title: Religion in Malaysia

text: The practice of secular government, separating religious matters from other aspects of governance, was first put into practice following the Pangkor Treaty of 1874. While this treaty placed most aspects of governance under British control, the Sultan of Perak retained authority over Malay religious and cultural affairs. This system was replicated elsewhere, and reinforced through further reforms. The 1957 Constitution enshrined this secular governance in practice. While the constitution avoids explicitly using the word secular, figures at the time such as Tunku Abdul Rahman noted it would lead to a secular federation. The clause establishing Islam as the official religion was explicitly limited to not affecting the rest of the constitution, which included a provision for religious freedom, albeit with controls on Islamic affairs.


title: Religion in Malaysia

text: As modernisation has increased, it has brought along with it an increase in secularism. In urban areas, the switch to more western dress such as miniskirts and jeans is of concern to religious authorities. Nightclubs and bars thrive in the cities. However, in the time since independence other areas have become more Islamic. At the time of independence women wore tight-fitting outfits, but now wear headscarves. Muslim prayers are played through the speaker systems of government buildings, and some feel Malaysia is becoming a more Islamic than secular state, with critics complaining that Islam is gaining greater influence in governance. The issue of how the Malay identity should be developed has increasingly come under debate. While the ruling government believes that attaining economic power will empower the Malay population, PAS sees that as an erosion of Islamic values. However, PAS is often seen as to not be able to relate Islamic beliefs to modern society, especially in multicultural Malaysia. The constitutional link between Islam and Malay identity has meant the issues of Malaysian supremacy within the country and the Islamic status of the country have become linked.


title: Religion in Malaysia

text: Historically, Malaysia was considered secular, with the first prime minister stating "this country is not an Islamic state as it is generally understood." However, political change, especially the desire among UMNO politicians to counter the appeal of PAS, has led to the question of secularity becoming a prominent political issue. Attempts to crack down on what was seen as Islamic extremism led the government to change the penal code to prosecute those who "abuse religious freedom" in the early 1980s. In June 1983 the Mahathir government stated that the administration would be guided by Islamic values, while in August of that year it supported the establishment of the Malaysian Consultative Council of Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism and Sikhism.


title: Religion in Malaysia

text: In September 2001 debate was caused by then Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad's announcement that Malaysia was already an Islamic State. Mahathir sought to convince Islamic voters that UMNO believed in an Islamic state, while also stating non-Muslims could consider Malaysia to be secular. Also in 2001, a high court ruling explicitly contradicted previous rulings, stating that Malaysia was not a strictly secular state and asserting the constitutional status of Islam had broader implications than previously legally understood. In 2007 Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi first called Malaysia an Islamic state. Earlier that month he had made another statement, saying Malaysia was neither a theocratic or secular state. A similar statement was made by Prime Minister on 12 March 2009, where he stated Malaysia was a "negara Islam". The Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), a political group representing Malaysian Chinese, expressed reservations over this announcement. The MCA's position is that Malaysia is a fully secular state, and that the law transcends religion. The Prime Minister has asserted the continuing debate about secularism has been caused by opposition parties to advance their own political interests. PAS has sought to reinterpret the constitution to officially define the country as an Islamic state.


title: Religion in Malaysia

text: Many constitutional changes have favoured ethnic Malays and the official Shafi'i interpretation of Sunni Islam. This reflects a political culture that has shifted towards being more accommodating of Malay supremacy and towards a more Islamic society. Governments have reduced the power of civil courts over time, while the power of Sharia courts has expanded, leading to some judicial conflict. Legal changes outside of the constitution, including at state level, also further embedded perceived Islamic values into the civil legal system.


title: Religion in Malaysia

text: Religious laws are mostly a matter for state and territory governments. These often prevent criticism of state-sponsored Islam, and state religious institutions sometimes speak out against other religions. Such activity varies by state, however. In particular, states governed by PAS have seen laws interpreted in ways that favour the furthering of state-sponsored Islam. When PAS was defeated in Terengganu, enforcement of female dress codes was reduced. The state PAS government in Kelantan bans traditional Malay dance theatres, banned advertisements depicting women who are not fully clothed, and enforced the wearing of headscarves, although they allowed gender segregated cinemas and concerts. Some government-controlled bodies pressure non-Muslims to also wear headscarves, and all students of the International Islamic University of Malaysia and female officers in the Royal Malaysian Police are required to wear headscarves in public ceremonies.