title: Lantern (Better Call Saul)

text: The episode was seen by an estimated 1.85 million household viewers upon release, the most watched episode of the third season. This episode marks the final regular appearance of Michael McKean (Chuck McGill).


title: Lantern (Better Call Saul)

text: In a flashback, a young Chuck McGill reads "The Adventures of Mabel" to a younger Jimmy McGill in a tent outside their family's Cicero, Illinois house. The camera zooms in on a lantern.


title: Lantern (Better Call Saul)

text: Following her car crash, Kim Wexler's broken arm has been put in a cast. She returns with Jimmy to the site of the crash and Jimmy picks up her scattered papers. The following morning, Jimmy feels responsible for her accident because she took on a second client partially to help pay for their shared office space. Jimmy and Kim vacate their office to save money by having Kim work from home.


title: Lantern (Better Call Saul)

text: Hector Salamanca pays Nacho Varga's father, Manuel Varga, for use of Manuel's upholstery shop as a front for Hector's drug business. Manuel reluctantly takes the money to avoid retaliation from Hector. Nacho plans to ambush Hector but is pulled into a meeting between Hector, Gus Fring, and Juan Bolsa. Juan says Gus' organization will permanently handle cross-border smuggling for both Gus' operation and Hector's. An enraged Hector suffers a stroke. As Mike Ehrmantraut advised, Nacho takes the fake nitroglycerin capsules that Hector dropped and replaces them with the real ones. Gus looks at Nacho suspiciously but says nothing.


title: Lantern (Better Call Saul)

text: Jimmy expects Irene Landry's friends to forgive her after she accepted the Sandpiper settlement, however, he finds they still do not trust her, because now they think she will do anything to get on their good side. He stages an argument with Erin Brill and "accidentally" admits to tricking Irene, vindicating her to her friends and causing her to withdraw her acceptance.


title: Lantern (Better Call Saul)

text: Chuck promises to abandon his lawsuit if he can stay at HHM. Instead, Howard presents Chuck a check for $3 million—the first installment of Chuck's buyout. Howard criticizes Chuck for prioritizing his vendetta against Jimmy but praises Chuck profusely as he informs HHM's employees of Chuck's immediate retirement. Jimmy tries to make amends with Chuck but Chuck says Jimmy was never all that important to him. After Jimmy leaves, Chuck's EHS symptoms return and he destroys the walls of his house while trying to find the device that is making his electricity meter run. Unable to find the source, he destroys the meter in frustration. Five days later, Chuck lays on a couch and kicks a table several times, deliberately knocking over a gas lantern and starting a fire.


title: Lantern (Better Call Saul)

text: The episode was directed by series co-creator Peter Gould, who previously co-wrote "Mabel" earlier in the season, and written by Gennifer Hutchison, who previously wrote the episode "Sunk Costs".


title: Lantern (Better Call Saul)

text: This episode marks the final regular appearance of Chuck McGill. In the final scene, when Chuck appears to commit suicide by kicking the lantern off his table and burning his house down, speculation arose over whether or not the act was actually fatal; the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline's toll-free number also appears onscreen. However, McKean confirmed that Chuck is indeed dead, stating:


title: Lantern (Better Call Saul)

text: The episode received a great deal of critical acclaim. On Rotten Tomatoes, it attained a 92% rating with an average score of 8.79/10 based on 13 reviews. Terri Schwartz of IGN rated the episode 9.5/10 stars, saying ""Better Call Saul" pulled off a fantastic Season 3 finale that perfectly balanced its storylines and brought a big lesson to Jimmy's doorstep. With some hugely impactful moments that were both incredibly emotional and long-awaited by fans, "Lantern" proves that "Better Call Saul" is better than it's ever been with Season 3." Alan Sepinwall of Uproxx praised the final scene, remarking "the focus was primarily on sending off Chuck, and the finale did it right, in painstakingly painful fashion."


title: Choi Yu-jin (singer)

text: Choi Yu-jin (; born August 12, 1996), known mononymously as Yujin, is a South Korean singer and actress. She is known as a former member of the South Korean girl group CLC as a vocalist and as a member and leader of Kep1er after finishing 3rd place in the final episode of the survival show "Girls Planet 999". Yujin began her acting career in 2016 in a supporting role in the Naver TV web drama, "Nightmare High".


title: Choi Yu-jin (singer)

text: Yujin was born on August 12, 1996, in Jeonju, North Jeolla Province, South Korea. She attended high school at Hanlim Multi Art School and graduated in February 2015.


title: Choi Yu-jin (singer)

text: She is the longest-serving trainee among CLC members, having been a trainee for over 4 years prior to her debut in 2015.


title: Choi Yu-jin (singer)

text: As a trainee, Yujin created and taught BtoB's Ilhoon the 'Gwiyomi Player' aegyo, which he would later popularise on the South Korean Idol variety show, "Weekly Idol." In 2013, South Korean singer, Hari released "Gwiyomi Song" inspired by the gesture Yujin created.


title: Choi Yu-jin (singer)

text: In 2013, Yujin collaborated with then-Cube artist Yang Yo-seob in "Perfume" which was released on April 30 as part Cube Entertainment's first "Voice Project". She was credited under the pre-debut group Cube Girls.


title: Choi Yu-jin (singer)

text: In 2014, alongside three of the soon-to-be CLC members, Sorn, Seungyeon and Yeeun, Yujin appeared in BtoB's "Beep Beep" music video. In the same year, all five of the original members of CLC appeared in G.NA's "G.NA's Secret" music video and participated in promotional activities as backing dancers. In 2015, the quintet did a voluntary street busking performances to help children with developmental disabilities and has been attracting attention as a warm 'Hongdae idol' as part of their pre-debut activities. They released a self-composed song "You're My Love" () on March 13, 2013, through the online music site Melon and the official YouTube channel.


title: Choi Yu-jin (singer)

text: On March 13, 2015, Cube Entertainment released the profile information and images of Yujin, as the fourth member of CLC following Yeeun, Sorn, and Seungyeon, through their official social media. In Cube's words: Choi Yu-jin, who has all the visual elements to be called a 'heavenly idol', aims to become the strongest idol's 'proportioner' with an unusual physical condition. She was introduced as sub-vocalist and lead dancer of the group and can cross various genres such as belly dance, popping, rocking, and house dance with a high understanding and expressiveness of dance performance. Along with member Seungyeon, she is considered to be one of CLC's 'two top dancers'. Yujin and fellow CLC members were also chosen as the new model for a Korea's clothing brand, SMART Uniform, alongside Got7 and B1A4.


title: Choi Yu-jin (singer)

text: Yujin made her debut as a member of CLC on May 19, 2015, with the release of the single "Pepe" off the five-track EP "First Love", of which all the proceeds were donated to children with developmental disabilities.


title: Choi Yu-jin (singer)

text: On August 17, 2015, she joined the cast of "Real Man" for the third season's female soldier special as the youngest member among the ten entertainers including rapper Jessi, Japanese broadcaster Sayuri Fujita and former national tennis player Jeon Mi-ra. She gained wider recognition after joining the show, where she drew attention over her small face and slender body frame, measuring 162 cm and 42 kg, taking first place in push-ups despite her skinny arms that couldn't even measure blood pressure. Later, she went viral with the caption "Choi Yu-jin's 3-stage transformation into a female soldier" from a 'pretty and fresh girl' to a 'dignified baby soldier' for which she received the nickname "Baby Soldier" and "Patriotic Idol" from soldiers of the Armed Forces and viewers of the show. Yujin's appearance on the show ended in late September 2015. At the end of the year, Yujin shared a stage with cast member Jessi and Kim Hyun-sook performing S.E.S' "I'm Your Girl" at the 2015 MBC Entertainment Awards.


title: Choi Yu-jin (singer)

text: In 2016, Yujin made her acting debut in the Naver TV web drama "Nightmare High" as Cheon Yoo-na. The same year, she was cast as one of the female leads in "Green Fever", a prequel to "Lily Fever" (2015). She plays the role of a rookie actor who has emerged as the nation's little sister and is the only actress affiliated with Jin Entertainment. She worked with Kim Hye-jun and Jung Yeon-joo.


title: Choi Yu-jin (singer)

text: In 2021, Yujin made a cameo in the Netflix drama, "So Not Worth It". In June 2021, Yujin joined the Mnet survival show "Girls Planet 999" as one of the program's 33 Korean contestants. She consistently ranked in the Top 9 as the show progressed and ultimately finished in 3rd place, allowing her to debut with the winning group, Kep1er. On December 3, 2021, it was revealed that Yujin would be starring on the web drama "Pumpkin Time" where it would premiere December 14, 2021. On May 20, 2022, Cube Entertainment announced that CLC has disbanded.


title: Shell corporation

text: A shell corporation is a company or corporation that exists only on paper and has no office and no employees, but may have a bank account or may hold passive investments or be the registered owner of assets, such as intellectual property, or ships. Shell companies may be registered to the address of a company that provides a service setting up shell companies, and which may act as the agent for receipt of legal correspondence (such as an accountant or lawyer). The company may serve as a vehicle for business transactions without itself having any significant assets or operations.


title: Shell corporation

text: Shell companies are used regularly for tax evasion, tax avoidance, money laundering, or to achieve a specific goal such as anonymity. Anonymity may be sought to shield personal assets from others, such as a spouse when a marriage is breaking down, from creditors, or from government authorities.


title: Shell corporation

text: Shell companies can have legitimate business purposes. They may, for example, act as trustee for a trust, and not engage in any other activity on their own account. This structure creates limited liability for the trustee. A corporate shell can also be formed around a partnership to create limited liability for the partners, and other business ventures, or to immunize one part of a business from the risks of another part. Shell companies can be used to transfer assets from one company into a new one, while leaving the liabilities in the former company.


title: Shell corporation

text: Shell company: The term shell company means a registrant, other than an asset-backed issuer as defined in Item 1101(b) of Regulation AB (§ 229.1101(b) of this chapter), that has:


title: Shell corporation

text: Some shell companies may have previously had operations that shrank due to unfavorable market conditions or company mismanagement. A shell corporation may also arise when a company's operations have been wound up, for example following a takeover, but the "shell" of the original company continues to exist. The term "shell corporation" does not describe the purpose of a corporate entity, but in general is more informative to classify an entity according to its role in a particular corporate structure; e.g. holding company, general partner, or a limited partner.


title: Shell corporation

text: Shell companies are a main component of the underground economy, especially those based in tax havens. They may also be known as "international business companies", "personal investment companies", "front companies", or ""mailbox" companies". Shell companies can also be used for tax avoidance. A classic tax avoidance operation may utilize favorable transfer pricing among multiple corporate entities to lower tax liability in a certain country; e.g. Double Irish arrangement.


title: Shell corporation

text: A special purpose entity, used often in the context of a larger corporate structure, may be formed to achieve a specific goal, such as to create anonymity.


title: Shell corporation

text: According to a 2013 experimental study where the researchers requested anonymous incorporation in violation of international law, one in four corporate service providers offered to provide services in violation of international law.


title: Shell corporation

text: Shell companies can be used to transfer assets of one company into a new company without having the liabilities of the former company. For example, when Sega Sammy Holdings purchased the bankrupt Index Corporation in June 2013, they formed a shell company in September 2013, called Sega Dream Corporation, into which were transferred valuable assets of the old company, including the Atlus brand and Index Corporation's intellectual properties. This meant that the liabilities of the old company were left in the old company, and Sega Dream had clean title to all the assets of the old company. The former Index Corporation was then dissolved. Sega Dream Corporation was renamed as Index Corporation in November 2013.


title: Shell corporation

text: When Hilco purchased HMV Canada, they used a shell company by the name of Huk 10 Ltd. in order to secure funds and minimize liability. HMV was then sued by Huk 10 Ltd., allowing Hilco to regain assets and dispose of HMV Canada.


title: Shell corporation

text: As another example, the use of a shell company in a tax haven makes it possible to move profits to that shell company, in a strategy of tax evasion. A United States company buying products from overseas would have to pay US taxes on the profits, but to avoid this, it may buy the products through a non-resident shell company based in a tax haven, where it is described as an offshore company. The shell company would purchase the products in its name, mark up the products and sell them on to the US company, thereby transferring the profit to the tax haven. (The products may never actually physically pass through that tax haven, and be shipped directly to the US company.) As the shell company is not based in the United States, its profit is not subject to US income tax, and as it is an offshore company in the tax haven jurisdiction, it is not taxed there either. Under the tax haven law, the profits are deemed not to have been made in the jurisdiction, with the sale deemed to have taken place in the United States. As US personal income tax is significantly less important than corporate income tax, US company executives would claim a salary (or fees, consulting fees, etc.) from the company's profits.


title: Shell corporation

text: In addition, there are several shell companies that are used by broadcasting groups to circumvent FCC limits on television station ownership. For example, Sinclair Broadcasting Group forms local marketing agreements with stations owned by Cunningham Broadcasting and Deerfield Media; nearly all of the stock of Cunningham Broadcasting is controlled by trusts in the name of the owner's children. Other examples include Nexstar Media Group controlling television stations owned by Mission Broadcasting and Vaughan Media.


title: Shell corporation

text: Typical countries of domicile of shell companies are offshore financial centres like Ireland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Isle of Man, and the Channel Islands including Guernsey and Jersey in Europe, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, and Virgin Islands in the Caribbean, Panama in Central America, and Hong Kong and Singapore in Asia. Shell companies are usually offered by law firms based in those countries. The process of establishing a shell company can sometimes be done very quickly online.


title: Shell corporation

text: In 2021 anonymous corporations were made illegal in the United States with the passage of the Corporate Transparency Act as part of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021. But exemptions were included which are meant to limit its scope to the entities most likely to be used for illicit purposes. Companies which are exempt from the act include foreign companies that do not formally register to do business and companies that fall into one of 24 enumerated categories which include companies that employ more than 20 people, have revenues above $5 million, and a physical presence in the United States, as well Churches, charities, non-profits, trusts or partnerships. Companies that are Banks, broker-dealers, public issuers, insurance companies are also exempt.


title: Shell corporation

text: Due to federalism in the United States, shell companies are often set-up in states such Delaware, Nevada, and Wyoming due to advantageous tax regimes.


title: Shell corporation

text: Shell companies have been used to commit fraud, by creating an empty shell company with a name similar to existing real companies, then running up the price of the empty shell and suddenly selling it (pump and dump).


title: Shell corporation

text: There are also shell companies that were created for the purpose of owning assets (including tangibles, such as a real estate for property development, and intangibles, such as royalties or copyrights) and receiving income. The reasons behind creating such a shell company may include protection against litigation and/or tax benefits (some expenses that would not be deductible for an individual may be deductible for a corporation). Sometimes, shell companies are used for tax evasion or tax avoidance.


title: Shell corporation

text: In 2013 the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists published a report called "Offshore Leaks" with information about the use and owners of 130,000 shell companies. Many of the shell companies belonged to politicians and celebrities from around the world and were being used for tax evasion and hiding financial assets.


title: Shell corporation

text: In 2016 a leak of 11.5 million documents to the German newspaper "Süddeutsche Zeitung" revealed information about owners of more than 214,000 shell companies administered by the law firm Mossack Fonseca in Panama. The shell companies were used by politicians, businessmen, autocrats, and terrorists from around the world for tax evasion and other illegal activities.


title: Shell corporation

text: After India's decision to demonetise ₹500 and ₹1000 rupee notes on 8 November 2016, various authorities noticed a surge in shell companies depositing cash in banks, possibly in an attempt to hide the real owner of the wealth. In response, in July 2017, the authorities ordered nearly 2,000 shell companies to be shut down while Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) imposed trading restrictions on 162 listed entities as shell companies. A high-level task force found that hundreds of shell companies were registered in a few buildings in Kolkata. Many of those were found to be locked, with their padlocks coated in dust and many others which had office space the size of cubicles.


title: Shell corporation

text: Since shell companies are very often abused for various illegal purposes, regulation of shell companies is becoming more important to prevent such illegal activities.


title: Shell corporation

text: Currently British overseas territories and crown dependencies are only required to tell the true name of owners of shell companies upon request from official law enforcement agencies. However, since 2020 they are forced to publish these names in a public register in order to prevent anonymous use of shell companies.


title: Shell corporation

text: The new customer due diligence (CDD) rule from 2016 forces banks to know the names of their customers in order to reveal them to law enforcement agencies upon request. Thereby, anonymous misuse of shell companies shall be prevented. The rule is administered by the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN). In January 2021 anonymous shell companies were effectively banned via a provision in the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021.


title: Shell corporation

text: A "Task Force On Shell Corporations" was constituted in 2017 under the chairmanship of the Revenue Secretary to the Government Of India and Corporate Affairs Secretary to Govt. Of India, for effectively tackling malpractice by shell companies in a comprehensive manner.


title: Shell corporation

text: On 22 December 2021, the European Commission adopted a proposal for an EU Directive to tackle the misuse of shell companies for tax purposes. Also known as the "Unshell" directive, the proposal requires the unanimous agreement of all 27 EU Member States' finance ministers before entering into force.


title: Toilet: Ek Prem Katha

text: Toilet: Ek Prem Katha () is a 2017 Indian Hindi-language comedy-drama film directed by Shree Narayan Singh. Co-produced by Akshay Kumar and Neeraj Pandey, the film stars Akshay Kumar and Bhumi Pednekar, with campaigns to improve sanitation conditions in India, with an emphasis on the eradication of open defecation, especially in rural areas.


title: Toilet: Ek Prem Katha

text: The film highlights India's toilet problem, which is caused by their cultural and religious sentiments. In Indian rural areas, people still do not have this basic necessity, which frustrates women which further leads to sexual harassment. It was reported that it based on the true story of Anita Narre from Madhya Pradesh, who refused to go back to her husband Shivram's home because it had no toilet.


title: Toilet: Ek Prem Katha

text: The film released on 11 August, 2018. It received mostly positive reviews from the critics for the scripting and performances of lead actors. It was a commercial success domestically as well in overseas too, particularly in China. It became Kumar's highest-grossing film of all time and the fourth highest grossing Indian film of the year grossing worldwide.


title: Toilet: Ek Prem Katha

text: The film received three nominations at the 63rd Filmfare Awards, including Best Film, Best Director for Narayan Singh and Best Actor for Akshay Kumar.


title: Toilet: Ek Prem Katha

text: In an Indian village Nandgaon, Uttar Pradesh, a group of women go to a field, away from their village near Nandgaon in the early hours of the day to defecate in the open, behind the cover of bushes. Keshav has to marry a black buffalo because his father Pandit Vimalnath Sharma is a very religious and superstitious priest, and he believes that his son's marriage to a black buffalo will help improve Keshav's fortune.


title: Toilet: Ek Prem Katha

text: Keshav meets Jaya, an educated college going girl, falls in love with her and eventually convinces her to marry him. However, Keshav's father is of the view that Keshav's horoscope is such that he can and should only marry a girl who has two thumbs on her left hand. Since Jaya does not fulfill this requirement, Keshav has an artificial thumb made and gives it to Jaya who wears it as a ring on her thumb. Keshav's unsuspecting father agrees to their marriage.


title: Toilet: Ek Prem Katha

text: On her first morning in Keshav's house, Jaya reluctantly goes to a field to defecate, but comes back agitated without defecating and complains about it to Keshav. Despite Keshav's repeated attempts to convince Jaya to give up her stubbornness about needing a toilet, Jaya remains steadfast. He makes a couple of temporary adjustments to solve the problem, first taking her to a neighbour's house which has a portable toilet for a bedridden elderly woman, and later in a train that has a seven-minute stop at the village railway station, without actually constructing a toilet in his house, but after a while, one day she gets locked up in the toilet and train departs the station and agitated and frustrated Jaya leaves Keshav and moves back to her parents' house.


title: Toilet: Ek Prem Katha

text: After a futile attempt to convince his sarpanch and villagers to build toilets in the village, Keshav, with the help of Jaya, contacts the concerned regulatory authority and starts the construction of a toilet in his front yard. When the construction is finished, Keshav's father and the sarpanch arrange to demolish the toilet while Keshav is still asleep. But Keshav wakes up before the toilet is completely destroyed and protects it from complete demolition.


title: Toilet: Ek Prem Katha

text: Jaya now files for a divorce in the local court citing the unavailability of a toilet in her husband's house as the primary reason for seeking a divorce. Due to its unique nature, the case receives much media attention. Politicians and the concerned government departments spring into action to hasten the construction of toilets in Keshav's village. But Keshav's father remains steadfast on his decision to not have a toilet in his house, until one day, his mother, while going out to defecate, falls on the doorstep, injures her hip and cries vehemently that she can't possibly walk to the fields to defecate, and that she must use the toilet that Keshav constructed in the front yard. After much reluctance, Keshav's father gives in and helps his mother to the toilet. He then realises that a toilet is indeed a critical requirement within a household.


title: Toilet: Ek Prem Katha

text: On the day of the hearing of the divorce case of Keshav and Jaya, the judge gets an official notice from the Chief Minister's office urging the judge to not grant their divorce as the construction of toilets in their village shall be started the very next day. The couple comes out together happily. Keshav's father apologises to Jaya for his stubbornness. In the end credits, villagers are shown lining up to use mobile toilets outside their village while the construction of toilets throughout the village proceeds.


title: Toilet: Ek Prem Katha

text: The film was written by Siddharth Singh and Garima Wahal, the writers of the 2013 Hindi film "Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela". It shares some similarities with a true event in which 19-year-old Priyanka Bharti fled her husband's home in 2012 when there was no toilet. In the film, before the end credits, "Toilet" mentions that it is based on the story of Anita Narre from Madhya Pradesh, who refused to go back to her husband Shivram's home because it had no toilet.


title: Toilet: Ek Prem Katha

text: Filmmaker Praveen Vyas sent a legal notice to the makers, claiming that "Toilet- Ek Prem Katha" plagiarised scenes and dialogues from his documentary "Manini", based on the same subject.


title: Toilet: Ek Prem Katha

text: Prime Minister Narendra Modi called it a good effort to further the message of cleanliness, as per Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. In December 2017, Bill Gates listed "Toilet: Ek Prem Katha" as one of the six positive things that happened in 2017.


title: Toilet: Ek Prem Katha

text: Akshay Kumar dug a toilet in Madhya Pradesh to promote the film. The movie trailer was released on 11 June 2013.


title: Toilet: Ek Prem Katha

text: On the review aggregator website "Rotten Tomatoes", "Toilet Ek Prem Katha" has an approval rating of 27% based on 11 reviews, with an average rating of 5.43/10. Meena Iyer of "The Times of India" gave the film 4 stars out of 5, saying, "Director Shree Narayan Singh holds up a mirror to society, showing us how our superstitious villagers, lazy administration and corrupt politicians have actually converted India into the world’s largest shit-pond. Women especially, are treated more insensitively than cattle!" Shubhra Gupta of "The Indian Express" gave the film a rating of 2 stars out of 5 and said, "It’s fitting that Akshay Kumar has greenlit and played the lead in this film, which is more a primer of How To Break Social Taboos and Make Toilets rather than a powerful social drama".


title: Toilet: Ek Prem Katha

text: "Bollywood Hungama" praised the performances of the lead actors of the film but criticized the long length and inconsistent screenplay, and concluded the review by giving the film a rating of 3 stars out of 5, saying that, "On the whole, Toilet – Ek Prem Katha, despite the minuses, integrates a strong social message with entertainment wonderfully and also questions several age old practises in the society." Rachit Gupta of "Filmfare" gave the film a rating of 3.5 stars out of 5 and said, "Toilet – Ek Prem Katha is a solid entertainer with a strong social message. It may not have the most polished screenplay, but director Shree Narayan Singh's deft handling of the subject makes the most out of its noble intentions." Rajeev Masand of "News18" gave the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and said, "It’s clear the film has its heart in the right place but the blatant pandering gets tiresome. Akshay Kumar brings just the right amount of levity and Bhumi Pednekar shines. It’s the sloppy writing that is the culprit here. Toilet Ek Prem Katha had potential but it’s only sporadically entertaining."


title: Toilet: Ek Prem Katha

text: Rohit Vats of "Hindustan Times" gave it 2.5 stars out of 5, saying, "Ek Prem Katha endorses the Indian government’s Swacch Bharat Abhiyaan so seriously that after a point it starts to look like that Priyanka Bharti ad featuring Vidya Balan". Writing for "The Hindu", Namrata Joshi said, "While some amount of potential (eventually lost) is visible in the first half, the second half of the film ends in a total mess". Anna MM of "Firstpost" rated it 1.5/5, saying, "The tragedy of "Toilet: Ek Prem Katha" is that minus stalking and the "chamchagiri", it could have been a good film". Saibal Chaterjee of "NDTV" gave the film 2/5 stars, and said, "When what should at best have been a ten-minute public service film bloats into a two-and-a-half-hour, patience-testing, yawn-inducing Bollywood puff-job for a government scheme, it is bound to stink to high heaven. Toilet: Ek Prem Katha does". Rohit Bhatnagar of "Deccan Chronicle" gave the film 3.5/5 and said, "Akshay Kumar, Bhumi Pednekar and Divyendu Sharma are sure to win you over with their quirky yet brilliant acts". Anupama Chopra of "Film Companion" gave the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and said, "The second half becomes a litany of lectures, brazen plugs for the government, tedious song sequences, a 3000-crore toilet scam and an inexplicable change of heart...everything is stitched together hurriedly. There is too much preaching and not enough punch. At over two and a half hours, it’s too long and not very satisfying." Raja Sen of "NDTV" gave the film 2 out of 5 stars and said, "Akshay Kumar is sincere, but this film is too painfully long and preachy to be effective."


title: Toilet: Ek Prem Katha

text: The film released on 11 August 2017, before India's independence day. The film grossed worldwide, becoming Akshay Kumar's highest-grossing film, and his first film to enter the 300 crore club.


title: Toilet: Ek Prem Katha

text: The film collected in India on the first day. The film became Kumar's 9th biggest opening film. The film grossed Rs 132 crore in India, and emerged as the highest-grossing film of Kumar.


title: Toilet: Ek Prem Katha

text: On first day, the film collected from 16 screens in Australia and from eight screens in New Zealand. "Toilet" grossed $2,250,000 on its opening weekend overseas. The film was re-titled as "Toilet Hero" in China for Chinese audiences. The film collected in 7days at the Chinese box office. By its 17th day, the film had grossed () in China.


title: Toilet: Ek Prem Katha

text: The soundtrack of the film was composed by Vickey Prasad, Manas-Shikhar and Sachet–Parampara and the lyrics were written by Siddharth-Garima. The first track of the film, titled "Hans Mat Pagli", sung by Sonu Nigam and Shreya Ghoshal, was released online on 28 June 2017. The second track, "Bakheda", sung by Sukhwinder Singh and Sunidhi Chauhan, was released on 5 July 2017. The third song released was "Gori Tu Latth Maar", sung by Sonu Nigam and Palak Muchhal, and released on 12 July 2017. The soundtrack was released on 13 July 2017 by T-Series and consists of five songs. The song "Toilet Ka Jugaad", sung by Akshay Kumar and Vickey Prasad, was included in the film but was not released along with the soundtrack. It was released on 4 August 2017.


title: Stuart Little

text: Stuart Little is a 1945 American children's novel by E. B. White. It was White's first children's book, and it is now widely recognized as a classic in children's literature. "Stuart Little" was illustrated by the subsequently award-winning artist Garth Williams, also his first work for children.


title: Stuart Little

text: The book is a realistic yet fantastical story about a mouse-like human boy named Stuart Little. According to the first chapter, he looked very much like a mouse in every way.


title: Stuart Little

text: In a letter White wrote in response to inquiries from readers, he described how he came to conceive of Stuart Little: "Many years ago, I went to bed one night in a railway sleeping car, and during the night I dreamed about a tiny boy who acted rather like a rat. That's how the story of "Stuart Little" got started".


title: Stuart Little

text: He had the dream in the spring of 1926, while sleeping on a train on his way back to New York from a visit to the Shenandoah Valley. As Sims (2011) wrote that Stuart "arrived in [White's] mind in a direct shipment from the subconscious."


title: Stuart Little

text: White typed up a few stories about Stuart, which he told to his 18 nieces and nephews when they asked him to tell them a story.


title: Stuart Little

text: In 1935, White's wife Katharine showed these stories to Clarence Day, then a regular contributor to "The New Yorker". Day liked the stories and encouraged White not to neglect them, but neither Oxford University Press nor Viking Press was interested in the stories, and White did not immediately develop them further.


title: Stuart Little

text: In the fall of 1938, as his wife wrote her annual collection of children's book reviews for "The New Yorker", White wrote a few paragraphs in his "One Man's Meat" column in "Harper's Magazine" about writing children's books. Anne Carroll Moore, the head children's librarian at the New York Public Library, read this column and responded by encouraging him to write a children's book that would "make the library lions roar".


title: Stuart Little

text: White's editor at Harper, who had heard about the Stuart stories from Katherine, asked to see them, and by March 1939 was intent on publishing them. Around that time, White wrote to James Thurber that he was "about half done" with the book; however, he did not finish it until the winter of 1944–1945.


title: Stuart Little

text: A boy named Stuart is born to an ordinary family in New York City. He is normal in every way except that he is only just over tall and looks exactly like a mouse. At first, the family is concerned with how Stuart will survive in a human-sized world, but by the age of seven, he speaks, thinks, and behaves on the level of a human of sixteen and shows surprising ingenuity in adapting, performing such helpful family tasks as fishing his mother's wedding ring from a sink drain. The family's cat, Snowbell, dislikes Stuart because while he feels a natural instinct to chase him, he is aware that Stuart is a human family member and is thus off-limits.


title: Stuart Little

text: On a cold winter's day, the family discovers a songbird named Margalo half-frozen on their doorstep. Margalo is taken in and spends the winter in the family home, where she befriends Stuart; Stuart in turn protects her from Snowbell. The bird repays his kindness by saving Stuart when he is trapped in a garbage can and shipped out to sea for disposal. In the spring, when she is set free from the house, she continues to visit Stuart, infuriating Snowbell, who now finds himself with two small animals he is not allowed to eat.


title: Stuart Little

text: Snowbell makes a deal with the Angora cat to eat Margalo to get rid of one of his temptations (reasoning that it's only wrong if he eats her). Margalo is warned and flees in the middle of the night. Stuart is heartbroken but becomes determined to find her. He first goes to the local dentist, Dr. Carey, who is a friend of Stuart’s. The dentist’s patient, Edward Clydesdale, suggests that Margalo may have flown to Connecticut, and Dr. Carey loans Stuart his screw powered motorcycle for the long journey.


title: Stuart Little

text: Stuart travels from adventure to adventure and finds himself in the town of Ames Crossing, where he takes work as a substitute teacher. There he learns that living in Ames Crossing is a fifteen-year-old girl named Harriet Ames who is the same size as Stuart but looks like a human being. Stuart purchases a miniature souvenir canoe, prepping it to make it comfortable and waterproof, and invites Harriet out on a boating date. However, when the two arrive for the date, the canoe has been discovered and played with by local children, who have ruined it. Harriet tries to be polite but is put off by Stuart’s sulking over his broken boat. Stuart decides to leave Ames Crossing and continue on his quest to find Margalo. He sets off once more in his car, thinking that he will never see her again.


title: Stuart Little

text: Lucien Agosta, in his overview of the critical reception of the book, notes that "Critical reactions to "Stuart Little" have varied from disapprobation to unqualified admiration since the book was published in 1945, though generally it has been well received." Anne Carroll Moore, who had initially encouraged White to write the book, was critical of it when she read a proof of it. She wrote letters to White, his wife Katharine, and "Harper's" children's editor Ursula Nordstrom, advising that the book not be published.


title: Stuart Little

text: A 1945 book reviewer wrote, "Mr. White has a tendency to write amusing scenes instead of telling a story. To say that "Stuart Little" is one of the best children’s books published this year is very modest praise for a writer of his talent."


title: Stuart Little

text: Actress Julie Harris narrated an unabridged adaptation on LP in two volumes for Pathways of Sound (POS 1036 and 1037). The complete recording was later released on audio cassette by Bantam Audio and on CD by Listening Library.


title: Stuart Little

text: The book was very loosely adapted into a 1999 film of the same name, which combined live-action with computer animation. In the film, Stuart is adopted instead of born into the Little family and the plot focuses on Stuart looking for his real parents (later revealed to have died in an accident when Stuart was a baby) and Snowbell's attempt to get rid of him. A 2002 sequel, "Stuart Little 2", features the character of Margalo and more closely follows the plot of the book. A third film, "" was released direct-to-video in 2006. This film was entirely computer-animated, and its plot was not derived from the book. None of the three films include the plot of Stuart being a one-time substitute teacher in a schoolhouse.


title: Stuart Little

text: All three films feature Hugh Laurie as Mr. Little, Geena Davis as Mrs. Little, and Michael J. Fox as the voice of Stuart Little.


title: Stuart Little

text: In 2015, it was announced that a remake of a "Stuart Little" film is in the works at Sony Pictures Entertainment and Red Wagon Entertainment. The movie will remain hybrid live-action / computer animation. Douglas Wick, the producer of the original films, will produce the remake.


title: Stuart Little

text: "The World of Stuart Little", a 1966 episode of NBC's "Children's Theater", narrated by Johnny Carson, won a Peabody Award and was nominated for an Emmy. An animated television series, "" (based on the film adaptations) was produced for HBO Family and aired for 13 episodes in 2003.


title: Stuart Little

text: Four video games based on the film adaptations have been produced. "Stuart Little: Big City Adventures", released for Microsoft Windows in 1999, is based on the 1999 film. "", which was released only for the Game Boy Color in 2001, is also based on the 1999 film. A game based on "Stuart Little 2" was released for the PlayStation, Game Boy Advance and Microsoft Windows in 2002. A fourth game, entitled "Stuart Little 3: Big Photo Adventure", was released exclusively for the PlayStation 2 in 2005.


title: Derek Watt

text: Derek John Watt (born November 7, 1992) is an American football fullback for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Wisconsin, and was drafted by the San Diego Chargers in the sixth round of the 2016 NFL Draft. His older brother is J. J. Watt, and his younger brother is Steelers teammate T. J. Watt.


title: Derek Watt

text: Watt played at the University of Wisconsin from 2011 to 2015. He was part of the offense that helped running back Melvin Gordon amass record-breaking rushing yards during his Badger career. In the 2012 season, he had 12 receptions for 150 receiving yards. In the 2013 season, he had three receptions for 20 receiving yards. In the 2014 season, he only appeared in three games on the season. In his final collegiate season in 2015, he had 15 receptions for 139 receiving yards. Gordon and Watt went on to reunite as teammates when Watt was drafted by the Chargers in 2016.


title: Derek Watt

text: "Pro Football Focus" rated Watt the second best fullback in the 2016 draft overall, and he also received the second best blocking grade among fullbacks in the draft.


title: Derek Watt

text: Watt was drafted by the San Diego Chargers in the sixth round (198th overall) in the 2016 NFL Draft. He made his NFL debut in the season opener against the Kansas City Chiefs. Two weeks later, against the Indianapolis Colts, he had his first professional reception, which went for six yards. On October 30, against the Denver Broncos, he had a 53-yard reception. Overall, in his rookie season, he played in all 16 games and had four receptions for 83 receiving yards. In the 2017 season, he appeared in all 16 games and had six carries for 24 rushing yards to go along with two receptions for 35 receiving yards. In the 2018 season, he appeared in all 16 games and had four carries for 11 rushing yards to go along with one reception for two yards. In the 2019 season, Watt appeared in all 16 games, started two, and recorded a rushing touchdown to go along with three receptions for 32 receiving yards.


title: Derek Watt

text: On March 26, 2020, Watt signed a three-year, $9.75 million deal with the Pittsburgh Steelers, reuniting with his brother T. J. On December 21, 2020, he was knocked out as a gunner as he was concussed after being blocked into former Badgers teammate Alex Erickson on a punt return. After spending the whole season with zero yards on offense, Watt ran his first rushing plays with the Steelers in the Wild Card game. During week 8 of the 2022 season at the Philadelphia Eagles, Watt caught a one yard touchdown on a throw from wide receiver Chase Claypool.


title: Derek Watt

text: In 2020, Watt appeared in a Subway commercial with his brothers J. J. and T. J. along with their parents John and Connie. Derek, J. J. and T. J. are also the hosts for the TV show "Ultimate Tag". Watt married Gabriella Justin in 2018. The couple's first child, son Logan James Watt, was born in February 2019,and their second son, Brayden George Watt, was born in December 2020.


title: Isetta

text: The Isetta is an Italian-designed microcar built under license in a number of different countries, including Argentina, Spain, Belgium, France, Brazil, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Because of its egg shape and bubble-like windows, it became known as a bubble car, a name also given to other similar vehicles.


title: Isetta

text: In 1955, the BMW Isetta became the world's first mass-production car to achieve a fuel consumption of . It was the top-selling single-cylinder car in the world, with 161,728 units sold.


title: Isetta

text: Initially manufactured by the Italian firm Iso SpA, the name "Isetta" is the Italian diminutive form of "Iso", meaning "little Iso".


title: Isetta

text: The car originated with the Italian firm of Iso SpA. In the early 1950s the company was building refrigerators, motor scooters and small three-wheeled trucks. Iso's owner, Renzo Rivolta, decided to build a small car for mass distribution. By 1952 the engineers Ermenegildo Preti and Pierluigi Raggi had designed a small car that used the motorcycle engine of the Iso Moto 200 and named it Isetta.


title: Isetta

text: The Isetta caused a sensation when it was introduced to the motoring press in Turin in November 1953. It was unlike anything seen before. Small (only long by wide) and egg-shaped, with bubble-type windows, the entire front end of the car hinged outwards to allow entry. In the event of an accident, the driver and passenger were to exit through the canvas sunroof. The steering wheel and instrument panel swung out with the single door, simplifying access to the single bench seat. The seat provided reasonable comfort for two occupants, and perhaps a small child. Behind the seat was a large parcel shelf with a spare wheel located below. A heater was optional. Ventilation was provided by turning out the front triangle windows and or opening the fabric sunroof.


title: Isetta

text: Power came from a , split-single two-stroke motorcycle engine. The engine was started by a combination generator-starter known as "Dynastart". A manual gearbox provided four forward speeds and reverse. A chain drive connected the gearbox to a solid rear axle with a pair of closely spaced rear wheels. The first prototypes had one wheel at the rear, but having a single rear wheel made the car prone to roll-overs, so the rear wheel layout was changed to two wheels set apart from each other. This narrow track eliminated the need for a differential. The front axle was a modified version of a Dubonnet independent front suspension.


title: Isetta

text: The Isetta took over 30 seconds to reach from rest. Top speed was only about . The fuel tank held only ; the Isetta would get somewhere between and .


title: Isetta

text: In 1954, Iso entered several Isettas in the legendary Mille Miglia where they took the top three spots in the economy classification. Over a distance of , the drivers achieved an average speed of over . However, despite its initial success, the Isetta was beginning to slip in popularity at home, mainly due to renewed competition from Fiat with its 500C model.


title: Isetta

text: Renzo Rivolta wanted to concentrate on his new Iso Rivolta sports car, and was interested in doing licensing deals. Plants in Spain and Belgium were already assembling "Isettas" and "Autocarros" using Italian-made Iso components. BMW began talking with Rivolta in mid-1954 and bought not just a license but the complete Isetta body tooling as well. Rivolta also negotiated licensing deals with companies in France and Brazil.


title: Isetta

text: After constructing some 1,000 units, production of the Italian built cars ceased in 1955, but Iso continued to build the Isetta in Spain until 1958.


title: Isetta

text: In addition to the Iso Isetta "vettura" described above, Iso also built the "Autocarro", a commercial version with full-width rear axle. The "Autocarro" was offered in several body styles—a flatbed pickup, enclosed truck, a tilt-bed or even a fire engine—although some of these might not have been sold. The "Autocarro" was very popular in Italy, and many manufacturers produced some variant of the type.


title: Isetta

text: Iso had previously produced a motorcycle-type "Isocarro". The Iso "Autocarro" was larger than most, with its four-wheel layout, conventional rear axle with differential and leaf springs, and a large tubular frame. It could carry a load. The name "Isetta Autocarro" was also used. It is thought that more than 4,000 "Autocarros" were built.


title: Isetta

text: In 1954, VELAM acquired a licence from Iso to manufacture a car based on the Isetta. Since Iso had sold the body making equipment to BMW, VELAM developed their own body but used the original Iso engine. The VELAM body was rounder and more egg-like than Iso's Isetta and was known by the French as the 'yogurt pot'. Instead of a chassis like the Italian and German versions, there was a sub-frame bolted to the body at the rear, which held the rear tires, engine, and transmission. The front suspension was bolted to the front of the body. The front door was opened by push button instead of a handle, and the speedometer was mounted in the center of the steering wheel.


title: Isetta

text: VELAM started production of the car in 1955 at the old Talbot factory at Suresnes, France, and the car was introduced at the 1955 Paris car show. All told, five versions of the car were built: the standard Isetta, a convertible version, a luxury version, a one-off "Sport" version, and a race car. Due to competition from the Renault Dauphine, production ceased in 1958.


title: Isetta

text: Metalmecánica Company, joined the regime automotive manufacturing 1959, starting the assembly of licensed vehicles BMW (Isetta and BMW 700), in 1964, Metalmecánica redesigns the front and back of the De Carlo 700, becoming its first redesign made in Argentina, in 1965 begins to assemble under license of the French company SIMCA, the model Ariane.


title: Isetta

text: In 1955, Iso licensed the Isetta to , a machine-tool manufacturer headquartered in the city of Santa Bárbara d'Oeste, in the State of São Paulo. The Isetta was chosen, because it was considered an ideal vehicle for use in the cities by virtue of its size and economy. Released on September 5, 1956, it was one of the first cars produced in Brazil, after Ford do Brasil and General Motors do Brasil. The car had received government approval as a part of a state-supported drive to establish an automotive industry in Brazil, but ended up being built without government backing.


title: Isetta

text: Some 3,000 of the Romi-Isettas were manufactured from 1956 to 1961. They kept the Iso design and used Iso engines until 1958, in 1959 they switched to the BMW 300 cc engines.


title: Isetta

text: BMW made the Isetta its own. They redesigned the powerplant around a BMW one-cylinder, four-stroke, 247 cc motorcycle engine which generated . Although the major elements of the Italian design remained intact, BMW re-engineered much of the car, so much so that none of the parts between a BMW Isetta Moto Coupe and an Iso Isetta are interchangeable. The first BMW Isetta appeared in April 1955.


title: Isetta

text: In May 1962, three years after launching the conventionally modern-looking BMW 700, BMW ceased production of Isettas. A total of 161,728 units had been built.


title: Isetta

text: In the 1990s, the BMW Isetta had garnered a resurgence through the television show Family Matters, in which one of the main characters, Steve Urkel (Jaleel White), drives a 1960 BMW Isetta.


title: Isetta

text: While it retained the "bubble window" styling, it differed from the Italian model in that its headlamps were fixed separately to the sides of the bodywork and it carried the BMW badge below the windscreen. The car was also redesigned to take a modified version of the 250 cc four-stroke engine from the BMW R25/3 motorcycle and the front suspension was changed. The single-cylinder generated at 5800 rpm. The crankcase and cylinder were made of cast iron, the cylinder head of aluminium. However, the head was rotated by 180° compared with the motorcycle engine. The twin-bearing crankshaft was also different in the Isetta power unit, being larger and featuring reinforced bearings. One of the reasons for this was the heavy "Dynastart" unit which combined the dynamo and self-starter. The fuel mixture was provided by a Bing sliding throttle side draft motorcycle carburetor. In addition to further changes of detail, the BMW engineers enlarged the sump for installation in the car and cooled the engine by means of a radial fan and shrouded ducting.


title: Isetta

text: The power train from the four-speed gearbox to the two rear wheels was also unusual: fixed to the gearbox output drive was something called a "Hardy disc", which was a cardan joint made of rubber. On the other side of it was a cardan shaft, and finally a second Hardy disc, which in turn was located at the entrance to a chain case. A duplex chain running in an oil bath led finally to a rigid shaft, at each end of which were the two rear wheels. Thanks to this elaborate power transfer, the engine-gearbox unit was both free of tension and well soundproofed in its linkage to the rear axle.


title: Isetta

text: In Germany, the Isetta could even be driven with a motorcycle license. The top speed of the Isetta 250 was rated as .


title: Isetta

text: The first BMW Isetta rolled off the line in April 1955, and in the next eight months some 10,000 were produced.


title: Isetta

text: In 1956, the government of the Federal Republic of Germany changed the regulations for motor vehicles. Class IV licences issued from that time onward could only be used to operate small motorcycles and could no longer be used to operate motor vehicles with a capacity of less than 250 cc. At the same time, the maximum capacity allowed for the Isetta's tax category was 300 cc. Class IV licences issued before the change in the regulations were grandfathered and allowed to be used as before.


title: Isetta

text: This change in regulations encouraged BMW to revise their Isetta microcars. In February 1956 a 300cc engine was introduced. The engineers enlarged the single cylinder to a bore and stroke, which gave a displacement of exactly 298 cc; at the same time, they raised the compression ratio from 6.8 to 7.0:1. As a result, the engine power output rose to at 5200 rpm, and the torque rose to at 4600 rpm. The maximum speed remained at , yet there was a marked increase in flexibility, chiefly noticeable on gradients.


title: Isetta

text: In October 1956, the Isetta Moto Coupe DeLuxe (sliding-window Isetta) was introduced. The bubble windows were replaced by longer, sliding side windows.


title: Isetta

text: The BMW 600 was intended as an enlarged Isetta with more power and a more conventional four-wheel configuration.


title: Isetta

text: The front end of the 600 was virtually unchanged from the Isetta, but the 600's wheelbase was stretched to accommodate four seats. A conventional rear axle was added. BMW introduced the semi-trailing arm independent suspension on the 600. This suspension would be used on almost every new model for the next four decades. Because of the increased size and weight, the 600 had a more powerful engine than the Isetta. The 600 had the 582 cc twin engine from the R67 motorcycle. Top speed was .


title: Isetta

text: In two years, only 34,000 600s were produced, partly due to price competition with the entry-level VW Beetle. In the late 1950s, consumers wanted cars that looked like cars, and they had lost interest in economy models. Sales of the 600 were, however, aided by the energy crisis of 1956–1957.


title: Isetta

text: In March 1957, Dunsfold Tools Ltd. signed a lease on part of the former Brighton railway works on the south coast of England with the intention of beginning production of the BMW Isetta under licence in May of that year. Shortly afterwards, Dunsfold Tools Ltd was renamed Isetta of Great Britain and the British Isetta was officially launched at the Dorchester hotel in April. The factory had no access by road, therefore components were delivered by rail and finished cars were shipped out the same way.


title: Isetta

text: The British cars had right-hand drive with the door hinged from the right hand side of the car and the steering column moved across to the right as well. Right-hand drive meant that both the driver and the engine were on the same side, so a counterweight was added to the left side to compensate. Dunlop tyres were used, and Lucas electrics replaced the German Hella and Bosch components, with a different headlamp housing being used. Girling brake components replaced the ATE brake parts.


title: Isetta

text: The Isetta was not popular in the UK until a three-wheeled version was introduced. Although three-wheeled vehicles are more prone to rolling over, there was a financial advantage: they could evade automobile legislation and taxation by being classed as three-wheeled motorcycles, and could be driven with a motorcycle licence. Isetta of Great Britain continued to produce four-wheeled Isettas, but only for export to Canada, New Zealand, and Australia.


title: Isetta

text: In 1962, Isetta of Great Britain also stopped production of the little cars but continued to produce Isetta engines until 1964.


title: Isetta

text: The now defunct British firm Tri-Tech, under the model name "Zetta", sold a kit car or even an assembled complete BMW Isetta lookalike replica from modern parts, including Honda CN 250 cc single-cylinder water-cooled engines with automatic transmission (standard) or Kawasaki 500 GPS two-cylinder water-cooled motorcycle engines with optional manual transmission.


title: Isetta

text: Some parts, new or used, were from "donor" vehicles. Front suspension and steering were from the Bedford Rascal (later sold under the Vauxhall marque) or the original and almost identical Suzuki Supercarry light duty van or pick-up. Drum brakes and wheels were from Morris and the subsequent British Leyland Motor Corporation Mini. Prices ranged from c. £2650 for the kit up to c. £9450 for a complete version.


title: Isetta

text: It could be legally registered for use under British laws. Tri-Tech also supplied some body parts which can be used for running non-exact restorations of BMW Isettas.


title: Isetta

text: In 2016, Swiss entrepreneur Wim Ouboter, from Micro Mobility Systems, showed a proof-of-concept electric car, the Microlino – based on the original Isetta body design, but with a new chassis and suspension – at the Geneva Motor Show. Production of the vehicle in Italy was set to commence by the end of 2017, but was postponed to late 2018. The company reported in September 2018 it had pre-orders for 8,000 vehicles, which would cost EUR 12,000 each.


title: Amy Chua

text: Amy Lynn Chua (born October 26, 1962), also known as "the Tiger Mom", is an American lawyer, legal scholar, and writer. She is the John M. Duff Jr. Professor of Law at Yale Law School with an expertise in international business transactions, law and development, ethnic conflict, and globalization. She joined the Yale faculty in 2001 after teaching at Duke Law School for seven years. Prior to teaching, she was a corporate law associate at Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton.


title: Amy Chua

text: Chua is also known for her parenting memoir "Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother". In 2011, she was named one of "Time" magazine's 100 most influential people, one of "The Atlantic" Brave Thinkers, and one of "Foreign Policy" Global Thinkers.


title: Amy Chua

text: Chua was born in Champaign, Illinois, to ethnic Chinese-Filipino parents with Hoklo ancestry who emigrated from the Philippines. Her parents raised her speaking Hokkien. Her father, Leon O. Chua, is a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the University of California, Berkeley. His ancestral hometown is Quanzhou, Fujian.


title: Amy Chua

text: Chua's mother was born in China in 1936, before moving to the Philippines at the age of two. She subsequently converted to Catholicism in high school and graduated from the University of Santo Tomas, with a degree in chemical engineering, "summa cum laude".


title: Amy Chua

text: Chua was raised Catholic and lived in West Lafayette, Indiana. When she was 8 years old, her family moved to Berkeley, California.


title: Amy Chua

text: Chua described herself as an "ugly kid" during her school days; she was bullied in school for her foreign accent (which she has since lost) and was the target of racial slurs from several classmates. She went to El Cerrito High School, in El Cerrito, where she graduated as valedictorian of her class. In college, she graduated Phi Beta Kappa and "magna cum laude" with an A.B. in Economics in 1984 from Harvard College, where she was named an Elizabeth Cary Agassiz Scholar and a John Harvard Scholar. She obtained her J.D. "cum laude" in 1987 from Harvard Law School, where she was the first Asian American officer of the "Harvard Law Review", serving as executive editor.


title: Amy Chua

text: After law school, Chua clerked for Chief Judge Patricia M. Wald on the United States Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit.


title: Amy Chua

text: Chua has written five books: two studies of international affairs, a parenting memoir, a book on ethnic-American culture and its correlation with socio-economic success within the United States, and a book about the role of tribal loyalties in American politics and its foreign policy.


title: Amy Chua

text: Her first book, "" (2003), explores the ethnic conflict caused in many societies by disproportionate economic and political influence of "market dominant minorities" and the resulting resentment in the less affluent majority. "World on Fire", which was a "New York Times" bestseller, selected by "The Economist" as one of the Best Books of 2003, and named by Tony Giddens in "The Guardian" as one of the "Top Political Reads of 2003", examines how globalization and democratization since 1989 have affected the relationship between market-dominant minorities and the wider population.


title: Amy Chua

text: Her second book, "Day of Empire: How Hyperpowers Rise to Global Dominance – and Why They Fall" (2007), examines seven major empires and posits that their success depended on their tolerance of minorities.


title: Amy Chua

text: Chua's third book, "Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother", published in January 2011, is a memoir about her parenting journey using strict Confucianist child rearing techniques, which she claims is typical for Chinese immigrant parents. Despite being sometimes interpreted as a how-to manual for parenting, the book has been critically viewed as an account "of how children can become rebellious and alienated when one-size-fits-all education philosophies are applied, regardless of their personality or aptitudes." It was an international bestseller in the United States, South Korea, Poland, Israel, Germany, United Kingdom, and China, and has been translated into 30 languages. The book also received a huge backlash and media attention and ignited global debate about different parenting techniques and cultural attitudes that foster such techniques. The uproar provoked by the book included death threats and racial slurs directed at Chua, and calls for her arrest on child-abuse charges.


title: Amy Chua

text: Chua taught J. D. Vance during at least his first year at Yale Law. She persuaded him to write his memoir "Hillbilly Elegy," which became a New York Times bestseller and a film starring Amy Adams and Glenn Close.


title: Amy Chua

text: Her fourth book, co-written with husband Jed Rubenfeld, is "The Triple Package: How Three Unlikely Traits Explain the Rise and Fall of Cultural Groups in America" (published in February 2014). The book received mixed reviews. Lucy Kellaway, writing for "Financial Times", called it "the best universal theory of success I've seen." Emma Brockes, writing in "The Guardian", commended the book for "draw[ing] on eye-opening studies of the influence of stereotypes and expectations on various ethnic and cultural groups ... The authors' willingness to pursue an intellectual inquiry that others wouldn't is bracing." However, "The Guardian" also published a satirical review-cum-summary written by John Crace, who used one of the Triple Package traits—impulse control—to tell potential readers to "resist this book." The book was also roundly criticized for cultural stereotyping and ignoring additional factors such as intergenerational wealth transmission. "Forbes" writer Susan Adams criticized it for racist overtones and said Chua's suggestion that certain cultural groups are more conventionally successful than others given her "three-pronged prescription [for success]" is at best "pop psychology." An empirical study by Joshua Hart and Christopher Chabris found that "[t]here was little evidence for the Triple Package theory."


title: Amy Chua

text: In February 2018, Chua's fifth book was published. Titled "", it examines how group loyalty often outweighs any other ideological considerations. She argues that the failure to recognize the place of group loyalty has played a major role in the failure of US foreign policy and the rise of Donald Trump. The book received overwhelmingly positive reviews from across the political spectrum. David Frum, writing for "The New York Times", praised Chua for her willingness to approach "the no-go areas around which others usually tiptoe." "The Washington Post" described the book as "compact, insightful, disquieting, yet ultimately hopeful," and Ezra Klein called the book "fascinating" on his podcast.


title: Amy Chua

text: The book received a few criticisms. "The Guardian" called it "a well-intentioned book that never quite comes together." The "Financial Times" stated that it was "an important book" and supported Chua's argument "that America's liberal elite has contributed to Trump's rise by failing to acknowledge its own sense of tribalism"; it did, however, also state that it left the "crucial question" of how to create a "non-tribal world" unanswered.


title: Amy Chua

text: Chua is known for mentoring students from marginalized communities and for helping students get judicial clerkships. In 2018, "HuffPost" and "The Guardian" alleged that Chua had advised female students to dress "outgoing" when seeking employment. Chua denied this claim. In 2019, Chua agreed not to drink or socialize with students outside of class.


title: Amy Chua

text: Chua lives in New Haven, Connecticut, and is married to Yale Law School professor Jed Rubenfeld. She has two daughters, Sophia and Louisa ("Lulu"). The former appeared in the "New Yorker" in 2014 as a Harvard member of Kappa Alpha Theta and ROTC.


title: Johnny Cage

text: Johnny Cage is a fictional character in the "Mortal Kombat" fighting game franchise by Midway Games/NetherRealm Studios. Introduced in the original 1992 game, he is an action movie star with an extensive martial arts background. The series depicts Cage as one of the primary heroes defending Earthrealm from various threats, as well as the comic foil. In the rebooted timeline, Cage is also the love interest to Special Forces officer Sonya Blade and the father of their daughter Cassie. He is inspired by martial arts star Jean-Claude Van Damme, particularly Van Damme's character in the 1988 film "Bloodsport".


title: Johnny Cage

text: A staple of the franchise, Cage has appeared in various media outside of the games. Reception to the character has been generally positive for his role in the series, character development, gameplay, and Fatality finishing moves.


title: Johnny Cage

text: Introduced in the original "Mortal Kombat" (1992), Johnny Cage is a martial artist and actor who enters the Shaolin Tournament to prove that he does not rely on special effects in his films. Additionally, he is the only character in the game who does not share a past history with the other characters. He is tricked into entering the tournament by the sorcerer Shang Tsung, believing it would prove his skills are real and improve his marketability. Upon arriving at the tournament, however, he learns the truth from the thunder god Raiden and aligns himself with the Earthrealm warriors.


title: Johnny Cage

text: In the sequel "Mortal Kombat II" (1993), Cage disappears from the set of his latest film after following Mortal Kombat champion Liu Kang to the otherworldly dimension of Outworld, where he joins forces with other fighters in participating in a second tournament during their successful attempt to protect Earthrealm from Outworld's evil emperor, Shao Kahn.


title: Johnny Cage

text: Cage is absent from the series continuity until the 1996 compilation title "Mortal Kombat Trilogy", which expands on the events of "Mortal Kombat 3" (1995) and its upgrade. He is killed by Shao Kahn's forces during an invasion of Earth, but his path to the afterlife is blocked due to a merger of Earth and Outworld, which restores his soul and enables him to help his comrades defeat Shao Kahn, after which he ascends to the heavens.


title: Johnny Cage

text: In "Mortal Kombat 4" (1997), at Cage's request, Raiden restores him to life so he can again fight alongside his friends, this time in an attempt to defeat the forces of the disgraced former deity Shinnok.


title: Johnny Cage

text: In "" (2002), Cage shoots a movie based on his death and resurrection titled "The Death of Johnny Cage", but he is displeased with his characterization and promptly flees the production when Raiden transports him to a new mission in Outworld. However, he and his fellow Earthrealm warriors are killed in their attempt to stop the titular Deadly Alliance from resurrecting the Dragon King Onaga. In "" (2004), the first fighting installment in which Cage is not playable, he and the Earthrealm warriors are resurrected by Onaga for use as his slaves, but they are eventually freed from their mind control by reformed ninja Ermac and the spirit of Liu Kang, who had also been slain by the Deadly Alliance.


title: Johnny Cage

text: Cage returns along with the series' then-entire playable roster in "" (2006), participating in the final tournament that would decide mankind's fate. He is one of only seventeen characters to receive an official game biography, in which he becomes the de facto leader of Earthrealm's forces after he sees multiple visions of Shinnok and tracks him down to Shang Tsung's island, where Shinnok plots to take over Shao Kahn's empire. Cage is killed a third time along with the other combatants in a battle royal at the Pyramid of Argus in the realm of Edenia in the game's opening sequence.


title: Johnny Cage

text: In the rebooted continuity of "Mortal Kombat" (2011), Cage is described as "a descendant of an ancient Mediterranean cult who bred warriors for the gods" as an explanation for his special powers. His disembodied head is seen amidst the fighters' corpses in the introduction sequence that depicts the grisly aftermath of the battle and the resulting onset of Armageddon. The storyline then travels back in time to the Shaolin Tournament, where cocky and talkative martial arts actor Johnny Cage enters the competition as a publicity stunt and repeatedly flirts with Special Forces lieutenant Sonya Blade. He initially considers the tournament a joke after defeating Outworld warriors Reptile and Baraka, until Raiden informs him of the consequences should Outworld emerge victorious, which convinces Cage to fight alongside Raiden's chosen heroes. However, he is later defeated in the competition by Earthrealm assassin Cyrax. During the second tournament, Cage is eliminated by Ermac, before Raiden saves him from the centaur Motaro. After Shao Kahn launches an invasion of Earthrealm and his wife Queen Sindel slaughters the rest of their comrades, Cage and Sonya are left as the only survivors.


title: Johnny Cage

text: In "Mortal Kombat X" (2015), which takes place two years after the previous game, Cage inadvertently discovers his special powers while attempting to rescue Sonya from Shinnok and assists Raiden in imprisoning Shinnok inside a magical amulet. He and Sonya later get married and have a daughter, Cassie, but they divorce due to Sonya's commitment to her career. A further twenty-five years later, Cage becomes part of a secret Special Forces unit under Sonya's command. With help from his followers, Shinnok escapes from his amulet, kidnaps Cage, and corrupts the source of Earthrealm's life force. However, Cassie is able to defeat Shinnok, rescue her father, and reunite the Cage family.


title: Johnny Cage

text: In "Mortal Kombat 11", which takes place two years after "MKX", Johnny and Cassie grieve over Sonya's death during a Special Forces attack on the Netherrealm. After the keeper of time Kronika causes a time anomaly in an attempt to remove Raiden from history, past versions of Johnny and Sonya are brought to the present. Disgusted by his younger self's arrogance and misconduct around his version of Sonya, the present Johnny works with him to improve his attitude. Though the older Johnny successfully defends the Special Forces base from the Black Dragon crime cartel and cyber Lin Kuei warriors, he is injured in battle, while his and Sonya's younger counterparts are kidnapped and forced to fight for the Black Dragon's entertainment. Cassie leads a Special Forces unit to rescue them and the younger Johnny becomes inspired to be more like his future self. In the DLC story expansion "Aftermath", the younger Johnny attempts to take part in a joint Earthrealm/Outworld assault on Kronika's keep, only to be ambushed by Shao Kahn and Sindel, who takes him and his family prisoner.


title: Johnny Cage

text: Original concept sketches for a proposed fighting game by artist John Tobias showed a character called "Michael Grimm, the current box office champion and star of such movies as "Dragon's Fist", "Dragon's Fist II" and the award-winning "Sudden Violence"." Tobias later described them as "R-rated really schlocky 1980s martial arts films".


title: Johnny Cage

text: Midway Games had hoped to license martial artist and actor Jean-Claude Van Damme for a fighting game that was intended to be modeled after Van Damme's 1988 film "Bloodsport". The company created a short demo reel that consisted of film footage of Van Damme inserted into a digital background in order to convince the actor to join the project, an attempt that was unsuccessful. When the game later became "Mortal Kombat," the Michael Grimm character was retained as a spoof of Van Damme and renamed Johnny Cage, with Van Damme's split-legged groin punch from "Bloodsport" consequently included as one of Cage's special moves. According to martial artist Daniel Pesina, who portrayed Cage in the original game and the 1993 sequel "Mortal Kombat II", the character was additionally modeled after Daniel Rand from the "Power Man and Iron Fist" comic series.


title: Johnny Cage

text: Cage's real name of John Carlton was taken from Midway artist and programmer John Carlton, who worked on the "NBA Jam" arcade game series. Cage was the first character created for "Mortal Kombat", and the test prototype of the original game had just two Cage characters fighting each other. In a 1995 interview with "Electronic Gaming Monthly", Tobias said that Cage's Fatality finishing move of punching off his opponent's head was the final one created for the game, before which he was going to simply throw his opponent across the screen. Pesina, in 2018, claimed that he himself had invented the finisher and it was the first one created. Due to a falling-out with and ensuing 1994 lawsuit against Midway, Pesina was replaced by Chris Alexander as Cage for the 1996 compilation title "Mortal Kombat Trilogy".


title: Johnny Cage

text: As a narcissistic Hollywood star, Cage serves as comic foil in contrast to the games' more serious characters like Liu Kang and Raiden, which is embellished in the 2011 "Mortal Kombat" reboot game with a large chest tattoo of his name. Cage's main role in "Mortal Kombat X" is as a Special Forces consultant instead of an actor; his design by NetherRealm Studios (formerly Midway Games) was their attempt to define whether or not he had taken his martial arts skills seriously since the aftermath of the 2011 reboot game, and he was outfitted in tactical gear that was designed to fit his fighting style while finding the balance between "serious or stoic" and "too goofy". In "Mortal Kombat X", Cage's gameplay style is split into three fighting variations like those of the other playable characters; Prima Games deemed him effective at zoning.


title: Johnny Cage

text: In the animated direct-to-video prequel "", released four months prior to the feature film, Johnny Cage (voiced by Jeff Bennett) is en route to Shang Tsung's island along with Sonya and Liu Kang, while Raiden informs them of the Mortal Kombat tournament's origins and the dangers they will face.


title: Johnny Cage

text: In the 1995 feature film "Mortal Kombat", Johnny Cage is one of Raiden's three chosen warriors with Liu Kang and Sonya, and he takes part in the tournament to prove he is a legitimate fighter after Shang Tsung assumes the identity of Cage's sensei in order to trick him into participating. He defeats Scorpion and Goro, and is selected by Shang Tsung to fight him in final combat near the conclusion until Liu Kang accepts the challenge. Cage was played by Linden Ashby, who had practiced martial arts before he was cast in the role. Ashby would later lend his voice and likeness to a downloadable skin for Cage in "Mortal Kombat 11".


title: Johnny Cage

text: Ashby did not return for the 1997 sequel "" and was replaced by Chris Conrad. During Shao Kahn's invasion of Earth in the beginning of the film, Cage is killed by the emperor in his attempt to save Sonya after she is taken hostage. Pat E. Johnson, the first film's stunt choreographer, recommended Conrad as Ashby's replacement to "Annihilation's" producers.


title: Johnny Cage

text: Martial artist Matt Mullins portrayed Cage in director Kevin Tancharoen's 2010 short film "". Cage is a faltering action star who works undercover for police officer Jackson Briggs, but Baraka kills him in a brutal fight. Mullins reprised the role in one episode of Tancharoen's 2011 web series "", in which Cage is revised as an unemployed television actor who had starred in "Power Rangers". Desperate to revive his flailing career, he pitches reality show pilots that show him engaging in acts of vigilantism by beating up various criminals, but they are rejected by two executives. Cage later overhears one of them stealing his ideas while proposing a new show to another actor, and he assaults the executive along with two security guards. He is then approached by Shang Tsung as the episode concludes. Casper Van Dien replaced Mullins for the 2013 second season, appearing in four of ten episodes. Cage had refused Shang Tsung's proposition from the previous season to fight for Outworld and reluctantly agrees to join Raiden's warriors in participating in the tournament. He is defeated by Mileena in battle but rescued by Kitana before Mileena can kill him, and in the season finale, he and Stryker are attacked by Liu Kang, who has betrayed Earthrealm to fight for Outworld. Van Dien compared his career trajectory to that of Cage in a 2013 interview with MTV.


title: Johnny Cage

text: Cage appears in the animated films "" (2020) and the sequel "" (2021). He is voiced by Joel McHale, who will reprise the role for the next film in the "Legends" series that will focus on Cage and is set for release in 2023.


title: Johnny Cage

text: Cage was excluded from the 2021 live-action feature film "Mortal Kombat"; director Simon McQuoid explained that the cast of main characters was already established when he had joined the production, plus he felt that Cage was "a very tricky, complex character" and a "big personality ... that has such a gravitational force around him [that] everything would have started to orbit around him."


title: Johnny Cage

text: In Malibu Comics' "Mortal Kombat" comic book series that ran from 1994 to 1995, Cage first features with the characters from the original game in the 1994 six-issue "Blood & Thunder" miniseries, which loosely follows the game's storyline of Shang Tsung hosting the Shaolin Tournament. In the follow-up miniseries "Battlewave" (1995), which focuses mainly on the new characters introduced in "Mortal Kombat II", Cage has resumed his acting career but later travels to Outworld with Jax to investigate an attack carried out by Goro. The series additionally featured an original character in Cage's personal bodyguard Bo. Cage is a supporting character in DC Comics' 2015 twelve-issue "Mortal Kombat X" miniseries, with a chapter in the eighth issue devoted to the background of his relationship with Sonya.


title: Johnny Cage

text: Cage has been licensed for various action figures produced by Hasbro, Toy Island, and Jazwares. Advanced Graphics released a life-sized Cage cardboard standee in 2011, and Syco Collectibles released a polystone character statuette in 2012.


title: Johnny Cage

text: Cage has been rated among the top "Mortal Kombat" characters by various gaming media publications, and his Fatality finishing moves over the course of his series appearances have been positively received. Brad Nicholson of Destructoid enthused in 2008 that Cage was "easily the best character in a fighting game ever," and Marcin Górecki of Polish gaming magazine "Secret Service" ranked Cage the second-best male fighting-game character in 1996, behind Ryu from the "Street Fighter" franchise. However, Shea Serrano of "Grantland" rated Cage the second-worst of "Mortal Kombat II's" twelve characters in 2012, on the basis of his skill being "overtaken almost entirely by his own ego." In her 2015 review of "Mortal Kombat X", Maddy Myers of Eurogamer questioned what she felt was the implausibility of the "white-as-snow" union of Cage and Sonya. Justin Clark of "Slant" considered Cage to be among the "older, self-serious dinosaurs wrestling with relevance" in "Mortal Kombat X", his cocky attitude notwithstanding.


title: Johnny Cage

text: Critical reception of Cage's characterization in the "Mortal Kombat" games and alternate media has been mixed. Chris Buffa of GameDaily wrote: "If you can't marry Brad Pitt, you can always settle for "Mortal Kombat's" Johnny Cage." GamesRadar considered Cage a combination of Jean-Claude Van Damme, Nicolas Cage, and Robert Downey, Jr. Writing for "Complex", Elton John declared that Cage "embodies Hollywood's overpaid jerk persona perfectly," while Hanuman Welch considered Cage an exemplification of overconfidence and self-delusion, as well as a "spokesperson of the obnoxious Ed Hardy crowd." Mark Walton of GameSpot castigated Cage in the 2011 reboot game as sexist and arrogant. In their review of "Mortal Kombat 11", the "Washington Post" enjoyed the interactions presented between the young and the old Cage as they gave elements that helped to make the narrative more appealing.


title: Johnny Cage

text: Gavin Jasper of "Den of Geek" praised Linden Ashby's performance in the first "Mortal Kombat" film as "a perfect idea of" Cage's personality. R. L. Shaffer of IGN was critical of Cage's "illogical character arc" as a former "Power Rangers" actor in "Mortal Kombat: Legacy" as he felt it was "disconnected" from Cage's role in the games, but Carl Lyon of Fearnet opined in his 2013 second-season review that Casper Van Dien's portrayal of the character made Cage "the loveable asshole we all know and love."


title: Take It Easy

text: "Take It Easy" is the debut single by the American rock band Eagles, written by Jackson Browne and Eagles band member Glenn Frey, who also provides lead vocals. It was released on May 1, 1972, and peaked at No. 12 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart on July 22, 1972. It was also the opening track of the band's eponymous debut album and has become one of their signature songs, included on all of their live and compilation albums. It is listed as one of The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll.


title: Take It Easy

text: Jackson Browne later recorded the song as the lead track on his second album, "For Everyman" (1973), and released it as a single as well, although it did not chart. Travis Tritt also covered the song for the 1993 Eagles' tribute album ""; the video for Tritt's version is notable for the appearance of all five members of the Eagles together again for the first time in 13 years after their break-up, and it led to the reunion of the band a few months later.


title: Take It Easy

text: Jackson Browne originally began writing "Take It Easy" in 1971 for his own eponymous debut album but was having difficulty finishing the song. Browne's friend Glenn Frey – who lived in the same [Echo Park] California apartment building as Browne – had heard an early version and later asked Browne about it. Browne then played the unfinished second verse that begins with "Well, I'm a-standin' on a corner in Winslow, Arizona...", and Frey finished the verse with "Such a fine sight to see. It's a girl, my lord, in a flatbed Ford, slowin' down to take a look at me." Browne was very happy with the result and suggested that they finish the song together. The resulting song became the first track on the Eagles' debut album and was released as their first single.


title: Take It Easy

text: Browne told a version of the story in a radio interview: "I knew Glenn Frey from playing these clubs – we kept showing up at the same clubs and singing on the open-mic nights. Glenn happened to come by to say 'hi,' and to hang around when I was in the studio, and I showed him the beginnings of that song, and he asked if I was going to put it on my record and I said it wouldn't be ready in time. He said 'well, we'll put it on, we'll do it,' 'cause he liked it," Browne explained. "But it wasn't finished, and he kept after me to finish it, and finally offered to finish it himself. And after a couple of times when I declined to have him finish my song, I said, 'all right.' I finally thought, 'This is ridiculous. Go ahead and finish it. Do it.' And he finished it in spectacular fashion. And, what's more, arranged it in a way that was far superior to what I had written."


title: Take It Easy

text: The song was recorded at the Olympic Studios in London with producer Glyn Johns. Glenn Frey sings the lead vocal on the Eagles recording of "Take It Easy". Bass player Randy Meisner sings the harmony vocal in the second verse with Frey, with drummer Don Henley harmonizing in the chorus, on the line "Though we will never be here again. So open up, I'm climbin' in." Bernie Leadon provides the lead guitar and distinctive banjo parts, as well as harmony vocals. The track's producer Johns said: "On 'Take It Easy' I got Bernie to play double-time banjo; they all thought it was a bonkers idea but it worked. It was already a great song, but that one little thing made it different."


title: Take It Easy

text: In their early live performances, the Eagles start with an a cappella version of a verse from "Silver Dagger" that begins with "My daddy is a handsome devil..." as an intro to "Take It Easy".


title: Take It Easy

text: Jackson Browne recorded a version for his 1973 album "For Everyman". Sneaky Pete Kleinow plays pedal steel and David Lindley (on electric guitar) teams up with Browne. Mickey McGee's percussion and the other instruments crossfade into the next track on the album, "Our Lady of the Well."


title: Take It Easy

text: In 1972, Bud Scoppa wrote in "Rolling Stone" in his review of the Eagles' debut album that "Take it Easy" was "simply the best sounding rock single to come out so far this year. The first time through, you could tell it had everything: danceable rhythm, catchy, winding melody, intelligent, affirmative lyrics, a progressively powerful arrangement mixing electric guitar and banjo, and a crisp vocal, with vibrant four-part harmony at just the right moments for maximum dramatic effect." "Cash Box" felt it sounded somewhat like the Byrds and predicted that it would be a "sure and rapid-fire smash."


title: Take It Easy

text: On Allmusic.com, William Ruhlmann said that Browne wrote the song in 1971 while working on his debut album, and that "it encapsulated many of the usual themes of his work, touching on the road, women, love as salvation, and an ambivalent sense of fatalism." Discussing the specific lyrics, Ruhlmann goes on: "The opening verse was a joke. The narrator says he is running down the road with seven women on his mind. But this vision of promiscuity is quickly dispelled. Of the seven, four want to own him, two want to stone him, and one just wants to be his friend. The verse introduces the song's point, that, despite troubles, one should 'take it easy.'" Ruhlmann points out that Frey's added verse "lightened the song's mood considerably. Now, the narrator was standing on a corner in Winslow, Arizona, being eyed by a woman in a truck (flatbed Ford) who slowed down to give him the once-over. These unabashedly vain lines weren't exactly consistent with Browne's theme, but they made it sound like the singer really did want to take it easy."


title: Take It Easy

text: "Take It Easy" has retrospectively been regarded as one of the band's best songs. In 2017, "Billboard" ranked the song number three on their list of the 15 greatest Eagles songs, and in 2019, "Rolling Stone" ranked the song number two on their list of the 40 greatest Eagles songs.


title: Take It Easy

text: The song was released as the first single of the Eagles in May 1972, and entered the "Billboard" Hot 100 at No. 79 on the chart date of June 3, 1972. It stayed for 11 weeks on the chart that summer, peaked at No. 12 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100 on July 22, 1972. It also peaked at No. 12 the same week on the Easy Listening chart (later known as Adult Contemporary), a chart it first entered at No. 40 on June 17, 1972.


title: Take It Easy

text: According to Frey, the second verse of "Take It Easy" refers to a time when Jackson Browne's automobile malfunctioned in Winslow, Arizona, during one of his trips to Sedona, requiring him to spend a long day in Winslow. In 1999, in responding to the lyrics that made it famous, the city of Winslow erected a life-size bronze statue and mural commemorating the song at the Standin' on the Corner Park. The statue stands near a lamp post, the male figure securing an acoustic guitar between his right hand and the shoe of his right foot. Above his head, a metal sign, crafted in the style of U.S. Route shields, displays the words "Standin' on the corner". The "trompe-l'œil" mural on the wall behind the statue is that of a storefront, and includes what would appear to be the reflection of a red flatbed Ford pickup truck driven by a blonde-haired woman. The second floor of the mural features an eagle perched in one window on the left and a man and woman (apparently the man on the corner and woman in the truck) embracing in another window on the right. The site has become a landmark that attracted many visitors to the town.


title: Take It Easy

text: There has, however, been some confusion about the location of original incident that inspired the story in the lyrics. In an interview with Matthew Ziegler, Browne related that it took place in Flagstaff, Arizona, at the Der Wienerschnitzel (now the Dog Haus) at the corner of East Rte. 66 and Switzer Canyon. According to Browne, a young woman cruised by in a Toyota pickup and looked at him and the image stuck with him. Browne had told Frey about the woman in the truck, and Frey then used the incident to add the line about the woman to the song. Browne, however, also stated in an interview with "Los Angeles Times" that it was always Winslow where his automobile had malfunctioned, although "the image of that girl driving a truck was an image that came from east" ("i.e.", East Flagstaff). The lines are therefore an amalgamation of two different events.


title: Take It Easy

text: On September 24, 2016, a life-sized tribute statue to Glenn Frey was added to the Standin' on the Corner Park in Winslow, Arizona, to honor his songwriting contributions to "Take It Easy". Funds for the new statue, which depicted Frey as he appeared in the 1970s, were raised by "Mark & NeanderPaul" (Mark Devine & Paul Marshall), the morning show from Phoenix classic rock station 100.7 KSLX, the city of Winslow, and the Standin' on the Corner Foundation.


title: Take It Easy

text: Travis Tritt recorded a version for the Eagles tribute album "", which featured country music artists who were raised on the Eagles' music. On Tritt's version, Bernie Leadon's lead guitar parts were rearranged and performed by Dann Huff. The song was released as a single in 1994, and peaked at number 21 on the "Billboard" country music charts.


title: Take It Easy

text: Tritt made a request for members of the Eagles to appear in his video for the song, and the resulting video for Tritt's version featured the Eagles lineup from 1978 to 1980 (Don Henley, Glenn Frey, Don Felder, Joe Walsh and Timothy B. Schmit) playing billiards in a local tavern and performing as its house band. Frey, who had previously been reluctant to reunite with the band, later said: "After years passed, you really sort of remember that you were friends first ... I just remembered how much we genuinely had liked each other and how much fun we'd had." Frey and Henley subsequently met with their management over lunch two months after the filming of the video and agreed to the reunion of Eagles. A new album, "Hell Freezes Over", was released and a tour launched the following year.


title: No Scrubs

text: "No Scrubs" is a song recorded by American girl group TLC as the lead single from their third studio album, "FanMail", on February 2, 1999, by LaFace Records and Arista Records. The song was written by producer Kevin "She'kspere" Briggs, former Xscape members Kandi Burruss and Tameka "Tiny" Cottle, and TLC member Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes. The song lyrics describe the role of a man in a relationship. Rozonda "Chilli" Thomas sings the lead vocals for the first time on a TLC single.


title: No Scrubs

text: "No Scrubs" became TLC's third number-one single and eighth top 10 single on the US "Billboard" Hot 100, where it peaked for four consecutive weeks. It was ranked number two on "Billboard's" year-end Hot 100 singles chart of 1999, behind Cher's "Believe" (1998). The song won Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocal and Best R&B Song at 42nd Annual Grammy Awards. The Hype Williams-directed music video was released in 1999, which depicted the three members dancing inside of a space station. It was compared to other music videos such as "Scream" (1995) and "What's It Gonna Be?!" (1999). "No Scrubs" received divisive attention following its release; several radio stations aired answer songs as a response, while the word "scrub" became prominently used worldwide.


title: No Scrubs

text: "No Scrubs" was initially written by Kandi Burruss on an envelope while sitting in her car, then she free-styled the entire song while driving on a highway. The song's lyrics stemmed from a previous relationship Tameka Cottle was involved in which she described as a "screw-up". "No Scrubs" was meant for Burruss and Cottle to record together; however Dallas Austin decided to give the song to TLC as their first single for "FanMail", with Rozonda "Chilli" Thomas singing the lead vocals. Austin emphasized that the song was a breakthrough for Thomas as he believed that "It was a great way to expose her; being a secondary vocalist was not just her purpose".


title: No Scrubs

text: "No Scrubs" was written by Burruss, Cottle and producer Kevin "She'kspere" Briggs, with background vocals provided by Thomas, Burruss, Cottle and Debra Killings. A few lyrics from the original song were changed in order to firmly describe a "scrub", such as "fat" being replaced by "broke". In addition, the changes reflected on the persona of TLC, who were described as "confident, bold, independent women" by American radio program "Morning Edition". Two versions of the song were released in order to boost airplay despite its format; one was described as straight R&B, while the other contained a rap verse from TLC member Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes. "No Scrubs" was released on February 2, 1999, as the lead single of "FanMail".


title: No Scrubs

text: "No Scrubs" is an R&B and hip-pop song. Natelegé Whaley of "Vibe" stated that the song is "a scathing critique on men at the bottom of the dating pool". It contains "airy remnants of an electronic guitar", which begins with Chilli's angelic vocals. The word "scrub" originated from Atlanta, where it was initially used as a slang term for a person who could not get their life together. "No Scrubs" is based on common time, the tempo is 100 beats per minute and is played in the key of G# minor. According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by EMI Music Publishing, the vocal range of TLC spans from the low note F# to the high note of C#.


title: No Scrubs

text: John Dingwall from "Daily Record" described "No Scrubs" as a "slinky, acoustic R&B smash". Stevie Chick from "NME" stated that the song is "the best song ever about not wanting to sleep with someone you're not attracted to in the first place", acknowledging that it is "soulful, simple and quietly witty". In 1999, it was listed on "The Village Voice"s annual poll Pazz & Jop at number one. "No Scrubs" placed at number two on "NME"'s Top Tracks of 1999 list, and at number 45 on their list of 100 Best Songs of the 1990s. "Rolling Stone" ranked the song at number 10 in their list of the 50 Best Songs of the Nineties, and at number 303 on their list of the Top 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. Additionally, VH1 listed "No Scrubs" at number 22 in their list of the 40 Greatest R&B Songs of the 90s, ranking behind the band's 1995 international single "Waterfalls", which placed at number 6. "Billboard" ranked "No Scrubs" at number 42 on their listicle of 100 Greatest Girl Group Songs of All Time.


title: No Scrubs

text: "No Scrubs" was commercially released on March 23, 1999, after it was distributed to radio. It peaked at number one on the "Billboard" Hot 100 upon the single's release on the "Billboard" issue dated April 3, 1999, where it remained for four weeks from April 10, 1999, to May 7, 1999. The song charted in the top-ten of the Hot 100 for 17 consecutive weeks. The song's airplay was at the time, the first to peak with over 140 million audience impressions, and was crowned the Top Airplay Song of 1999. It holds the record for most weeks at number one on the Rhythmic Top 40 with 15 weeks, as well as being ranked at number two on "Billboard"'s Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1999, only behind Cher's 1998 song "Believe".


title: No Scrubs

text: In Australia, "No Scrubs" spent seven consecutive weeks at the summit of the ARIA Charts from May 2, 1999, to June 20, 1999. In the United Kingdom, it peaked at number three on the UK Singles Chart, becoming TLC's highest-charting single. The song was certified triple platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) in March 2021 for sales and streams exceeding 1,800,000.