title: Haplogroup R1a

text: A newer study has found 20.3% R-M17* among Kurdish samples which were taken in the Kurdistan Province in western Iran, 19% among Azerbaijanis in West Azerbaijan, 9.7% among Mazandaranis in North Iran in the province of Mazandaran, 9.4% among Gilaks in province of Gilan, 12.8% among Persian and 17.6% among Zoroastrians in Yazd, 18.2% among Persians in Isfahan, 20.3% among Persians in Khorasan, 16.7% Afro-Iranians, 18.4% Qeshmi "Gheshmi", 21.4% among Persian Bandari people in Hormozgan and 25% among the Baloch people in Sistan and Baluchestan Province.


title: Haplogroup R1a

text: Further to the north of these Western Asian regions on the other hand, R1a1a levels start to increase in the Caucasus, once again in an uneven way. Several populations studied have shown no sign of R1a1a, while highest levels so far discovered in the region appears to belong to speakers of the Karachay-Balkar language among whom about one quarter of men tested so far are in haplogroup R1a1a.


title: Haplogroup R1a

text: The historic naming system commonly used for R1a was inconsistent in different published sources, because it changed often; this requires some explanation.


title: Haplogroup R1a

text: In 2002, the Y Chromosome Consortium (YCC) proposed a new naming system for haplogroups , which has now become standard. In this system, names with the format "R1" and "R1a" are "phylogenetic" names, aimed at marking positions in a family tree. Names of SNP mutations can also be used to name clades or haplogroups. For example, as M173 is currently the defining mutation of R1, R1 is also R-M173, a "mutational" clade name. When a new branching in a tree is discovered, some phylogenetic names will change, but by definition all mutational names will remain the same.


title: Haplogroup R1a

text: The widely occurring haplogroup defined by mutation M17 was known by various names, such as "Eu19", as used in in the older naming systems. The 2002 YCC proposal assigned the name R1a to the haplogroup defined by mutation SRY1532.2. This included Eu19 (i.e. R-M17) as a subclade, so Eu19 was named R1a1. Note, SRY1532.2 is also known as SRY10831.2 The discovery of M420 in 2009 has caused a reassignment of these phylogenetic names.( and ) R1a is now defined by the M420 mutation: in this updated tree, the subclade defined by SRY1532.2 has moved from R1a to R1a1, and Eu19 (R-M17) from R1a1 to R1a1a.


title: Haplogroup R1a

text: More recent updates recorded at the ISOGG reference webpage involve branches of R-M17, including one major branch, R-M417.


title: Nancy Morgan

text: Morgan is the daughter of Marjorie (née Greenfield) and Samuel A. Morgan. Jr. She is a niece of John "Red" Morgan, who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his bravery during World War II in 1943, events later fictionalized in the movie "Twelve O'Clock High".


title: Nancy Morgan

text: Morgan starred with Ron Howard in Howard's directorial debut "Grand Theft Auto" as well as starred with Italian film star Terence Hill in a feature film and European television series based on comic-strip hero Lucky Luke. For many years Morgan and her husband John Ritter co-hosted the national United Cerebral Palsy Telethon together. They also co-starred in television movies "" and "Heartbeat", and in the feature film "Americathon." Morgan also made a guest appearance in Ritter's television series "Hooperman."


title: Nancy Morgan

text: Morgan married actor John Ritter in 1977, and they had three children: Jason (b. 1980), Carly (b. 1982), and Tyler, (b. 1985). Ritter and Morgan divorced in 1996 after nineteen years of marriage.


title: Aya Nakamura

text: Aya Coco Danioko (; born 10 May 1995), known by her stage name Aya Nakamura ( ), is a French-Malian pop singer. She is best known for her hit song "Djadja".


title: Aya Nakamura

text: She was born in Bamako, Mali and emigrated to France with her family, growing up in Aulnay-sous-Bois. Coming from a family of griots, she is the oldest of five siblings. She studied fashion at La Courneuve. She later launched into music with the stage name Aya Nakamura, after the character Hiro Nakamura of the NBC "Heroes" science fiction drama series.


title: Aya Nakamura

text: Nakamura published her music online, gaining a following with "Karma" and "J'ai mal". Dembo Camara, a long-time friend, became her producer and manager. Notably, her song "Brisé", composed by Christopher Ghenda, garnered 34 million views on YouTube, and a duo with rapper Fababy "Love d'un voyou" resulted in her charting in France. She released her debut album with a number of collaborations. She also had a big concert at Stade Modibo Kéïta in Bamako, where she opened for the Nigerian star Davido.


title: Aya Nakamura

text: Aya Coco Danioko was born in Bamako, Mali on May 10, 1995 from a family of griot (west African storytellers, praise singers, poets of oral traditions). She is the oldest of five siblings. At an early age, her family came to France and moved to Paris Northern suburbs in . She took the name Nakamura after the character Hiro Nakamura of the NBC science fiction drama series "Heroes".


title: Aya Nakamura

text: In 2014, at the age of 19, she released her first single "Karma" on Facebook. With the help of the producer , she composed a break-up song, "J'ai mal", with a zouk type of melody. The song's video reached more than 1 million YouTube views by that time. An old-time friend, Dembo Camara, became her producer and artistic agent.


title: Aya Nakamura

text: In 2016, she made the song "Brisé" with the composer Christopher Ghenda.. Then she released another song, "", featuring the rapper Fababy.


title: Aya Nakamura

text: As a tribute to her cultural heritage and roots, she did a concert at the Modibo-Keïta stadium in Bamako, opening for the American-Nigerian star Davido. And she dedicated a song to one of the most famous Malian singer Oumou Sangaré, who was born in Bamako just like her.


title: Aya Nakamura

text: In January 2016, the singer signed a deal with Rec. 118, a label from Warner music France. During the same year, she kept on doing collaborations and she released her second single "Super Héros", featuring the rapper Gradur.


title: Aya Nakamura

text: The album was certified Platinum in France. On 23 September 2017, she participated to La Nuit du Mali in Bercy organized by the Wati-Boss, Dawala in order to celebrate the Independence Day of Mali in Paris. She shared the stage with Oumou Sangaré and other Malian artists such as Cheick Tidiane Seck, Lassana Hawa or Mokobé among others.


title: Aya Nakamura

text: On 6 April 2018, Aya Nakamura released "Djadja"—the first single from her second album—which stayed two consecutive weeks at number one on the French chart, and was later certified Diamond.


title: Aya Nakamura

text: The song quickly became a summer hit in France and soon became an international hit. She became the first French female artist to reach number one in the Netherlands since Edith Piaf with "Non je ne regrette rien" in 1961.


title: Aya Nakamura

text: "Djadja" was also the first Francophone song since 2009 to reach the top of the Dutch charts, the last one being "Alors on danse" from Belgian artist Stromae.


title: Aya Nakamura

text: "Djadja" then conquered charts and radios all over Europe (Germany, Sweden, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Spain, Belgium, Switzerland...)


title: Aya Nakamura

text: The following single "" released in August 2018 entered at number four in France before climbing to number one in November 2018, and is also certified Diamond.


title: Aya Nakamura

text: In May 2019, she was portrayed by "The New York Times" as "one of the most important act in Europe now, musically and socially".


title: Aya Nakamura

text: In Summer 2019 she gained momentum with the single "Pookie" (with over 240 million YouTube views to date), including high-profile international versions with multi-platinum rappers and Lil Pump.


title: Aya Nakamura

text: In October, "Djadja" went Platinum in Spain and Portugal, while "Pookie" was certified double Platinum in Italy.


title: Aya Nakamura

text: On 25 October 2019, Nakamura released a re-issue of the now double platinum "Nakamura" with five new songs, including the top-five single "40%".


title: Aya Nakamura

text: In the December year-end recaps, she was named Most Watched French female artist in 2019 by YouTube, and Most Streamed French female artist in 2019 by Spotify.


title: Aya Nakamura

text: On 17 July 2020, she released the single "Jolie nana" as the lead single from her third studio album "Aya". It debuted at number one on the French singles chart, and achieved Gold status in 2 weeks. It also reached the top 10 in Belgium and Switzerland as well as top 40 in the Netherlands. On the UK Afrobeats chart, it reached number 7.


title: Aya Nakamura

text: On the 9th of October, she released the second single from the album, "Doudou". It peaked at number 6 in France, in the top 40 in Belgium and number 16 on the UK Afrobeats chart.


title: Aya Nakamura

text: She announced the album on 15 October, with a release date of 13 November. The tracklist was released on 4 October, revealing collaborations with Stormzy, Ms Banks and Oboy.


title: Aya Nakamura

text: In 2021, Nakamura was featured in the music video for ‘Sans Moi,’ a track in the Franglish's album "Vibe", and in the music video for ‘C’est Cuit’ by Major Lazer. Her cover of "Vogue France" was chosen as the favorite cover of 2021.


title: Aya Nakamura

text: In 2022, Nakamura, along with her ex-partner Vladimir Boudnikoff, was charged with reciprocal domestic violence. On November 11, 2022, her trial was adjourned, since neither her nor Boudnikoff appeared in court.


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: The baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist is a major event in the life of Jesus which is described in the three synoptic Gospels of the New Testament (Matthew, Mark and Luke). It is considered to have taken place at Al-Maghtas (also called Bethany Beyond the Jordan), today located in Jordan.


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: Modern biblical scholars view the baptism of Jesus as a historical event to which a high degree of certainty can be assigned. Along with the crucifixion of Jesus, biblical scholars view it as one of the two historically certain facts about him, and often use it as the starting point for the study of the historical Jesus.


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: The baptism is one of the events in the narrative of the life of Jesus in the canonical Gospels; others include the Transfiguration, Crucifixion, Resurrection, and Ascension. Most Christian denominations view the baptism of Jesus as an important event and a basis for the Christian rite of baptism (see also Acts 19:1–7). In Eastern Christianity, Jesus' baptism is commemorated on 6 January (the Julian calendar date of which corresponds to 19 January on the Gregorian calendar), the feast of Epiphany. In the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion, the Lutheran Churches and some other Western denominations, it is recalled on a day within the following week, the feast of the baptism of the Lord. In Roman Catholicism, the baptism of Jesus is one of the Luminous Mysteries sometimes added to the Rosary. It is a Trinitarian feast in the Eastern Orthodox Churches.


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: Mark, Matthew, and Luke depict the baptism in parallel passages. In all three gospels, the Holy Spirit is depicted as descending upon Jesus immediately after his baptism accompanied by a voice from Heaven, but the accounts of Luke and Mark record the voice as addressing Jesus by saying "You are my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased", while in Matthew the voice states "This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased" (Matthew 3:13–17; Mark 1:9–11; Luke 3:21–23).


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: After the baptism, the Synoptic gospels describe the temptation of Jesus, where Jesus withdrew to the Judean desert to fast for forty days and nights.


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: In , upon meeting Jesus, John said: "I have need to be baptized of thee, and comest thou to me?" However, Jesus convinces John to baptize him nonetheless. Matthew records that the voice from heaven says "This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased", but does not indicate who is addressed.


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: Mark's account is roughly parallel to that of Matthew, except for – describing John's initial reluctance and eventual consent to baptize Jesus, which is not described by Mark. Mark uses an unusual word for the opening of the heavens, , , which means "tearing" or "ripping" (Mark 1:10). It forms a verbal thread (Leitwortstil) with the rending (, ) of the Temple veil in Mark 15:38, inviting comparison between the two episodes.


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: Luke 1 begins with the birth of John the Baptist, heralded to his father Zacharias by the angel Gabriel. Six months later Gabriel appears to the Virgin Mary with an announcement of the birth of Jesus, at the Annunciation. At the same, Gabriel also announces to Mary the coming birth of John the Baptist, to her kinswoman Elizabeth, who is the wife of Zacharias. Mary immediately sets out to visit her kinswoman Elizabeth, and stays with her until John's birth. Luke strongly contrasts the reactions of Zacharias and Mary to these two respective births; and the lives of John and Jesus are intertwined.


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: Luke uniquely depicts John as showing public kindness to tax collectors and encouraging the giving of alms to the poor (as in Luke 3:11). Luke records that Jesus was praying when Heaven was opened and the Holy Spirit descended on him. Luke clarifies that the spirit descended in the "bodily form" of a dove, as opposed to merely "descending like" a dove. In Acts 10:37–38, the ministry of Jesus is described as following "the baptism which John preached".


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: In John 1:29–33, rather than a direct narrative, John the Baptist bears witness to the spirit descending like a dove.


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: The Gospel of John (John 1:28) specifies "Bethabara beyond Jordan", i.e., Bethany in Perea as the location where John was baptizing when Jesus began choosing disciples, and in John 3:23 there is mention of further baptisms in Ænon "because there was much water there".


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: John 1:35–37 narrates an encounter, between Jesus and two of his future disciples, who were then disciples of John the Baptist.


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: The episode in John 1:35–37 forms the start of the relationship between Jesus and his future disciples. When John the Baptist called Jesus the Lamb of God, the "two disciples heard him speak, and they followed Jesus". One of the disciples is named Andrew, but the other remains unnamed, and Raymond E. Brown raises the question of his being the author of the Gospel of John himself. In the Gospel of John, the disciples follow Jesus thereafter, and bring other disciples to him, and Acts 18:24–19:6 portrays the disciples of John as eventually merging with the followers of Jesus.


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: According to the non-canonical Gospel of the Nazarenes, the idea of being baptized by John came from the mother and brothers of Jesus, and Jesus himself, originally opposed, reluctantly accepted it. Benjamin Urrutia avers that this version is supported by the criterion of embarrassment, since followers of Jesus would not have invented an episode in which Jesus changes his mind and comes to accept someone else's plan. Plus, the story came from the community that included the family of Jesus, who would have guaranteed the authenticity of the narrative.


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: The Gospel of John (John 1:28) states that John was baptising in "Bethany Beyond the Jordan". generally considered to be the town of Bethany, also called Bethabara in Perea, on the eastern bank of the Jordan river, near Jericho. In the 3rd century Origen, who moved to the area from Alexandria, suggested Bethabara as the location. In the 4th century, Eusebius of Caesarea stated that the location was on the west bank of the Jordan, and following him, the early Byzantine Madaba Map shows Bethabara as ().


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: The biblical baptising is related to springs and a Wadi (al-Kharrar) close to the Eastern site of the Jordan River, not the Jordan itself. The pilgrimage sites, important for both Christians and Jews have shifted place during history. The site of Al-Maghtas ("baptism", or "immersion" in Arabic) on the East side of the River in Jordan has been deemed the earliest place of worship. This site was found following UNESCO-sponsored excavations. Al-Maghtas was visited by Pope John Paul II in March 2000, and he said: "In my mind I see Jesus coming to the waters of the river Jordan not far from here to be baptized by John the Baptist". The Muslim conquest put an end to the Byzantine buildings on the east bank of the Jordan River, the later reverence took place just across the river in the West Bank at Qasr el Yahud. The valley around the Dead Sea, which the Jordan River flows into from the North, is also the lowest place on planet Earth.


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: The baptism of Jesus is generally considered as the start of his ministry, shortly after the start of the ministry of John the Baptist. Luke 3:1–2 states that:


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: In the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar—when Pontius Pilate was governor of Judea[...] the word of God came to John son of Zechariah in the wilderness.


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: There are two approaches to determining when the reign of Tiberius Caesar started. The traditional approach is that of assuming that the reign of Tiberius started when he became co-regent in 11 AD, placing the start of the ministry of John the Baptist around 26 AD. However, some scholars assume it to be upon the death of his predecessor Augustus Caesar in 14 AD, implying that the ministry of John the Baptist began in 29 AD.


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: The generally assumed dates for the start of the ministry of John the Baptist based on this reference in the Gospel of Luke are about 28–29 AD, with the ministry of Jesus with his baptism following it shortly thereafter.


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: Most modern scholars believe that John the Baptist performed a baptism on Jesus, and view it as a historical event to which a high degree of certainty can be assigned. James Dunn states that the historicity of the baptism and crucifixion of Jesus "command almost universal assent". Dunn states that these two facts "rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts" that they are often the starting points for the study of the historical Jesus. John Dominic Crossan states that it is historically certain that Jesus was baptised by John in the Jordan.


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: In the "Antiquities of the Jews" (18.5.2) 1st-century historian Flavius Josephus also wrote about John the Baptist and his eventual death in Perea.


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: The existence of John the Baptist within the same time frame as Jesus, and his eventual execution by Herod Antipas, is attested to by 1st-century historian Flavius Josephus and the overwhelming majority of modern scholars view Josephus' accounts of the activities of John the Baptist as authentic. Josephus establishes a key connection between the historical events he recorded and specific episodes that appear in the gospels. The reference in the "Antiquities of the Jews" by Josephus to John's popularity among the crowds () and how he preached his baptism is considered a reliable historical datum. Unlike the gospels, Josephus does not relate John and Jesus, and does not state that John's baptisms were for the remission of sins. However, almost all modern scholars consider the Josephus passage on John to be authentic in its entirety and view the variations between Josephus and the gospels as indications that the Josephus passages are authentic, for a Christian interpolator would have made them correspond to the Christian traditions.


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: One of the arguments in favour of the historicity of the baptism of Jesus by John is that it is a story which the early Christian Church would have never wanted to invent, typically referred to as the criterion of embarrassment in historical analysis. Based on this criterion, given that John baptised for the remission of sins, and Jesus was viewed as without sin, the invention of this story would have served no purpose, and would have been an embarrassment given that it positioned John above Jesus. The Gospel of Matthew attempts to offset this problem by having John feel unworthy to baptise Jesus and Jesus giving him permission to do so in Matthew 3:14–15.


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: The gospels are not the only references to the baptisms performed by John and in Acts 10:37–38, the apostle Peter refers to how the ministry of Jesus followed "the baptism which John preached". Another argument used in favour of the historicity of the baptism is that multiple accounts refer to it, usually called the criterion of multiple attestation. Technically, multiple attestation does not guarantee authenticity, but only determines antiquity. However, for most scholars, together with the criterion of embarrassment it lends credibility to the baptism of Jesus by John being a historical event.


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: 1. He did not require to do penance, because He was without sin; but He had taken our sins upon Him to atone for them; therefore He humbled Himself, placed Himself on a level with sinners, and obediently subjected Himself to be baptized, as He had submitted before to be circumcised, and presented in the Temple. 2. He gave us thereby a lesson in humility and obedience, and has taught us that we too must fulfil all justice, i. e. promptly obey all the ordinances of God. 3. By His baptism He sanctified water, and gave to it the power of purifying and sanctifying the soul of man. In other words, He instituted the Sacrament of Baptism by which, under the outward sign of water, we receive remission of our sins.


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: He also notes that, ""The opening of heaven" signified that Heaven, which had been closed to man since the Fall, was now once more opened by Jesus."


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: The first act of Christ's public life was to present Himself to be baptized by His precursor, to teach us that those who are employed in the work of God should carry with them a pure and uncorrupted heart. He therefore takes leave of His divine Mother, who, although she grieved at the absence of such a Son, rejoiced that the redemption of Israel was at hand. He takes a long journey to the Baptist. The Lord goes to the servant to be baptized by him as a common sinner, among publicans and soldiers and the lowest order of the vulgar. Admire the humility of the Son of God, and convince yourself that humility is the best preparation for great works.


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: While the gospel of Luke is explicit about the "Spirit of God" descending in the shape of a dove, the wording of Matthew is vague enough that it could be interpreted only to suggest that the descent was in the style of a dove. Although a variety of symbolisms were attached to doves at the time these passages were written, the dove imagery has become a well known symbol for the Holy Spirit in Christian art. Depictions of the baptismal scene typically show the sky opening and the Holy Spirit descending as a dove towards Jesus.


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: Artists usually tried to show the whole body of Christ as he stood in the water, which could give them difficulties. The reasonably coherent 6th-century mosaic image in the Arian Baptistry, Ravenna, with the water hemmed in by two banks, when used in many generations of copies in Western Europe, by artists unskilled in depicting visual recession, led to images like that in the Psalter of Eleanor of Aquitaine, where there appears to be a standing mound of water.


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: At least one attendant archangel, holding Christ's robe, and often another with a towel, became usual in medieval images.


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: The reformer Martin Luther wrote a hymn about baptism, based on biblical accounts about the baptism of Jesus, (1541). It is the basis for a cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach, , first performed on 24 June 1724.


title: Baptism of Jesus

text: It is traditionally celebrated on the Sunday after Epiphany, oscillating between January 7 and 13, however, different episcopal conferences celebrate it in the same way, but the difference is that this party is only celebrated on the Sunday after Epiphany, oscillating between the 9 and on January 13, if Christmas falls on Monday, Holy Family on December 31, the Solemnity of Saint Mary, Mother of God on Monday, this feast will be celebrated on Monday, 8 January and if Christmas falls on Sunday, the Solemnity of Saint Mary, Mother of God on Sunday, this feast happens to be celebrated on Monday, January 9.


title: Coton de Tulear

text: The Coton de Tuléar is a breed of small dog named for the city of Tuléar (also known as Toliara) in Madagascar. This breed is thought to have originated from a group of small white dogs that swam across the Malagasy channel following a shipwreck. Known for its cotton-like coat, the Coton de Tuléar typically grows to no more than , and are white, sometimes with grey, tan, black, or tri-colored markings. The Coton de Tuléar Day is celebrated on November 26th.


title: Coton de Tulear

text: Multiple registries with differing standards describe the Coton de Tuléar, but it generally has very soft voluptuous hair (as opposed to fur), comparable to a cotton ball (hence its name in French, "coton" meaning cotton), a prominent black nose, large expressive eyes (usually covered by bangs), and somewhat short legs. The Coton de Tuléar's tail should curl over its back.


title: Coton de Tulear

text: The Coton de Tuléar has a medium-to-long, fluffy, cotton-like coat that is considered hair rather than fur. It is a non-shedding breed with low dander and is considered hypoallergenic. When it is a puppy, it may shed its puppy coat. Like the poodles, Maltese or the Havanese, this breed has very low allergic effects. Matted hair is common for this breed and should be removed through daily brushing and combing. Grooming the Coton de Tulear can be quite a challenge.


title: Coton de Tulear

text: The Coton de Tuléar comes in three accepted colors: white (sometimes with tan markings; all white is preferred by show breeders); black and white; and tricolor. However, the tan and white may become all white, the blacks will often fade to grey or white, and fur will most likely change throughout puppyhood. The breed even has a fade gene that causes the colors, which are very dark when a puppy, to fade and turn white at the base of the hair as it lengthens; that is why the Champagne or Champagne Teddy Bear Coton eventually turns white when the adult hair comes in.) The Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard specifies that the Coton's coat should be white but may also have tan or "lemon" color on their ears and body. The coat, however, must be primarily white with no black hair. The US-based Coton de Tulear Club of America allows for three different but equally favorable colorings: white, black-and-white, and tri-color, including "honey bear". White is described as nearly all white, sometimes with tan or champagne coloring on the ears, face, or back. Black-and-white is defined as pure white with prominent black patches on the head and body (no white-to-black ratio is specified or favored). Tri-color is described as mostly white with some brown markings and dustings of black on the body and head. A honey bear tri-color has light brown with black tips that gradually fades to an off-white or lemon color. The tri-color loses the most color of any of the color varieties, usually becoming mostly white with possibly some champagne markings and a dusting of black hairs on the ears and/or body.


title: Coton de Tulear

text: The Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard gives the Coton's weight as for males and for females. The Coton's height (including tolerance) is tall for males and for females.


title: Coton de Tulear

text: The Coton de Tulear Club of America standard specifies the weight as no more than , with the average being between . The standard height is , except for the rare Tall Coton, which is tall. The long-limbed Tall Coton shows up in all three color varieties and can be born to a litter with normal-sized parents that carry the appropriate genes.


title: Coton de Tulear

text: The nose is black in colour in the Coton de Tuléar Club of America standard. However, the Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard, which also favors a black nose, states that brown is tolerable as well. A pink or partly pink nose is not accepted in either standard. The standard advocates that the lips should preferably be tight and of the same colour as the nose, specifically black in the Coton de Tulear Club of America standard. A Coton de Tulear's teeth can be either in a scissor bite or pincer bite. Its eyes are normally round, dark in colour, and wide-set. Traditionally, the expression is lively, intelligent, bright, and merry. Typically, the Coton de Tulear's ears are triangular and set high. The leather of the ear is often thin, and the neck is strong, favoured to be without a dewlap, and slightly arched.


title: Coton de Tulear

text: The chest is typically well developed and reaches to (FCI-Standard N° 283 / 04. 02. 2000 / GB) the elbows. A Coton de Tulear's feet are small and arched, and its back is normally strong and slightly arched. The pads of the feet are usually black. The body is of moderate length and typically has a moderate tuck-up. Traditionally, the loin is muscular and not overly long. The hind legs are normally strong and straight. The hind feet are similar to the front feet. Throughout history, the dewclaws have been removed; however, many would now oppose this arguably unnecessary and cruel procedure. The tail is traditionally low-set and tapering, carried over the back when in motion or excited, but relaxed otherwise.


title: Coton de Tulear

text: The Coton is a playful, affectionate, intelligent breed. Although generally quiet, it can become very vocal—grunting, barking, and making other noises when having fun. Cotons are known to have a habit of jumping up and walking on their hind legs to please people. Most Cotons love meeting new people and are very curious about new situations. Cotons are easy to train as they are very eager to please. Cotons love to swim, run, and play. They adapt well to any kind of living environment. A common trait of the Coton de Tulear behaviour is to come alive in the evening.


title: Coton de Tulear

text: The Coton has a coat that requires brushing and combing almost daily and bathing about once per week to maintain its beauty. Cotons love swimming; owners who have pools are recommended to let their Cotons play in the pool with supervision. Like poodles, they do not "shed", meaning they don't drop hair on furniture, carpeting, etc. They do lose hair; their coat's texture causes the shed hair to be trapped in the coat. If not brushed and combed daily, this breed's fur will mat up quickly and may require shaving. Cotons need a walk every day for exercise but will appreciate a play session as often as possible and have the endurance to go on a long hike. Cotons love to play with other dogs, and they are great with kids.


title: Coton de Tulear

text: The Coton is, in general, a healthy breed. However, there are still some health issues as there are in all breeds. The most serious issues are heart problems, liver shunts, back (disc) problems, and eye problems. Luckily, these are still relatively uncommon in the breed. The small gene pool of this breed is owing to its near extinction. Due to inbreeding by disreputable breeders, there is an increased incidence of disease. The smaller the gene pool, the more likely a breed is to have genetic abnormalities.


title: Coton de Tulear

text: The Coton de Tulear has few health issues compared to many other breeds due to being rather generic in type. It is a fairly rare breed and is just now being accepted and recognized by the AKC as of 2012. The fact that this is a breed being revived from extinction means that the Coton de Tulear is rather expensive to purchase, and prices may reach $1,800.00-$3,500 per dog. The average life span of a Coton de Tulear is 14 to 19 years.


title: Coton de Tulear

text: The Coton de Tulear developed on the island of Madagascar and is still the island's national dog. It is believed that the Tenerife dog was brought to Madagascar and mated with a dog on the island, creating an unexpected result. The Coton's ancestors were possibly brought to Madagascar in the 16th and 17th centuries aboard pirate ships. Madagascar was a haven for pirates, and pirate graveyards can still be seen there. Pirates established a base on St. Mary's Island, Madagascar and some of them took Malagasy wives. Whether the dogs were brought along to control rats on the ships, as companions for long voyages, or were confiscated from other ships as booty, no one knows. Tulear is a port now also known as Toliara. The Coton is of the Bichon dog type, linked most closely to the Bichon Tenerife and the Tenerife Terrier. There have been many stories circulating about the history of the Coton in recent years, most of them untrue. The Coton de Tulear was never feral on Madagascar. It did not hunt wild boar or crocodiles, as its size, strength, and demeanor can disprove easily. It was a companion dog of the Merina (the ruling tribe) in Madagascar. It has a very little prey drive and is not a hunting dog.


title: Coton de Tulear

text: The cottony coat may be the result of a single gene mutation. This small, friendly dog caught the fancy of the Malagasy royalty, and they were the only people allowed to keep Cotons. When Dr. Robert Jay Russell discovered the breed in Madagascar in 1973 and brought the first ones to America, he coined the phrase the Royal Dog of Madagascar, and the name stuck. They were also imported occasionally into France by returning French colonists but were not officially imported to Europe until the 1970s. In 1974, Madagascar released a stamp with the image of the Coton, affirming their status as the nation's "royal dog".


title: Coton de Tulear

text: The Coton de Tulear was first formally recognised as a breed by the Societe Centrale Canine (the French national kennel club) in 1970 and was accepted by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale, which published the breed standard in 1972. The Coton de Tuléar is recognised internationally through the Fédération Cynologique Internationale and by major kennel clubs (The Kennel Club (UK) in the Toy Group, and the United Kennel Club (US) in the Companion Group), using standards-based upon the Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard. The breed is not recognised by the New Zealand Kennel Club or the Australian Kennel Union. It also may be recognised in the English-speaking world by any of the very large numbers of minor registries, clubs, and internet-based dog registry businesses.


title: Coton de Tulear

text: In the United States, another standard for the Coton de Tulear was developed based upon the breed in Madagascar in 1974 by a biologist, Dr. Robert Jay Russell. Russell established the Coton de Tulear Club of America in 1976 and was opposed to American Kennel Club recognition. The Coton de Tulear entered the American Kennel Club Foundation Stock Service (their first step in breed recognition) in 1996 and became a fully recognized breed on July 1, 2014. The American Kennel Club Parent Club for the breed in the United States of America Coton de Tulear Club.


title: Carrack

text: A carrack (; ; ; ) is a three- or four-masted ocean-going sailing ship that was developed in the 14th to 15th centuries in Europe, most notably in Portugal. Evolved from the single-masted cog, the carrack was first used for European trade from the Mediterranean to the Baltic and quickly found use with the newly found wealth of the trade between Europe and Africa and then the trans-Atlantic trade with the Americas. In their most advanced forms, they were used by the Portuguese for trade between Europe and Asia starting in the late 15th century, before eventually being superseded in the 17th century by the galleon, introduced in the 16th century.


title: Carrack

text: In its most developed form, the carrack was a carvel-built ocean-going ship: large enough to be stable in heavy seas, and capacious enough to carry a large cargo and the provisions needed for very long voyages. The later carracks were square-rigged on the foremast and mainmast and lateen-rigged on the mizzenmast. They had a high rounded stern with aftcastle, forecastle and bowsprit at the stem. As the predecessor of the galleon, the carrack was one of the most influential ship designs in history; while ships became more specialized in the following centuries, the basic design remained unchanged throughout this period.


title: Carrack

text: English "carrack" was loaned in the late 14th century, via Old French "caraque", from "carraca", a term for a large, square-rigged sailing vessel used in Spanish, Italian and Middle Latin.


title: Carrack

text: These ships were called "" in Portuguese and Genoese, "" in Spanish, "caraque" or "nef" in French, and "kraak" in Dutch.


title: Carrack

text: The origin of the term "carraca" is unclear, perhaps from Arabic "qaraqir" "merchant ship", itself of unknown origin (maybe from Latin "carricare" "to load a car" or Greek "καρκαρίς ""load of timber") or the Arabic القُرْقُورُ ("al-qurqoor") and from thence to the Greek ("kerkouros") meaning approximately "lighter" (barge) literally, "shorn tail", a possible reference to the ship's flat stern). Its attestation in Greek literature is distributed in two closely related lobes. The first distribution lobe, or area, associates it with certain light and fast merchantmen found near Cyprus and Corfu. The second is an extensive attestation in the Oxyrhynchus corpus, where it seems most frequently to describe the Nile barges of the Ptolemaic pharaohs. Both of these usages may lead back through the Phoenician to the Akkadian "kalakku", which denotes a type of river barge. The Akkadian term is assumed to be derived from a Sumerian antecedent. A modern reflex of the word is found in Arabic and Turkish "kelek" "raft; riverboat".


title: Carrack

text: By the Late Middle Ages, the cog and cog-like square-rigged vessels equipped with a rudder at the stern, were widely used along the coasts of Europe, from the Mediterranean, to the Baltic. Given the conditions of the Mediterranean, galley type vessels were extensively used there, as were various two masted vessels, including the caravels with their lateen sails. These and similar ship types were familiar to Portuguese navigators and shipwrights. As the Portuguese gradually extended their trade ever further south along Africa's Atlantic coast during the 15th century, they needed larger, more durable and more advanced sailing ships for their long oceanic ventures. Gradually, they developed their own models of oceanic carracks from a fusion and modification of aspects of the ship types they knew operating in both the Atlantic and Mediterranean, generalizing their use in the end of the century for inter-oceanic travel with a more advanced form of sail rigging that allowed much improved sailing characteristics in the heavy winds and waves of the Atlantic Ocean and a hull shape and size that permitted larger cargoes. In addition to the average tonnage naus, some naus (carracks) were also built in the reign of John II of Portugal, but were only widespread after the turn of the century. The Portuguese carracks were usually very large ships for their time, often over 1000 tons displacement, and having the future naus of the India run and of the China and Japan trade, also other new types of design.


title: Carrack

text: A typical three-masted carrack such as the "São Gabriel" had six sails: bowsprit, foresail, mainsail, mizzensail and two topsails.


title: Carrack

text: In the Republic of Ragusa, a kind of a three or four masted carrack called "Dubrovačka karaka" (Dubrovnik Carrack) was used between the 14th and the 17th century for cargo transport.


title: Carrack

text: In the middle of the 16th century, the first galleons were developed from the carrack. The galleon design came to replace that of the carrack although carracks were still in use as late as the middle of the 17th century due to their larger cargo capacity.


title: Carrack

text: Starting in 1498, Portugal initiated for the first time direct and regular exchanges between Europe and India—and the rest of Asia thereafter—through the Cape Route, a voyage that required the use of more substantial vessels, such as carracks, due to its unprecedented duration, about six months.


title: Carrack

text: On average, four carracks connected Lisbon to Goa carrying gold to purchase spices and other exotic items, but mainly pepper. From Goa, one carrack went on to Ming China in order to purchase silks. Starting in 1541, the Portuguese began trading with Japan, exchanging Chinese silk for Japanese silver; in 1550 the Portuguese Crown started to regulate trade to Japan, by leasing the annual "captaincy" to Japan to the highest bidder at Goa, in effect conferring exclusive trading rights for a single carrack bound for Japan every year. In 1557 the Portuguese acquired Macau to develop this trade in partnership with the Chinese. That trade continued with few interruptions until 1638, when it was prohibited by the rulers of Japan on the grounds that the ships were smuggling Catholic priests into the country. The Japanese called Portuguese carracks "Black Ships" ("kurofune"), referring to the colour of the ship's hulls. This term would eventually come to refer to any Western vessel, not just Portuguese.


title: Carrack

text: The Islamic world also built and used carracks, or at least carrack-like ships, in the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean. Ottoman "barca" of Piri Reis' map is a deep-hulled ship with a tall forecastle and lateen sail in the mizzenmast. The "harraqa" (Saracen: "karaque") was a type of ship used to hurl explosives or inflammable materials (firebomb in earthenware pots, naphtha, fire arrows). From the context of Islamic texts, there are 2 types of "harraqa": The cargo ship and the smaller longship (galley-like) that was used for fighting. It is unclear whether the nomenclature "harraqa" has a connection with European "carraca" (carrack), or whether one influences the other. One Muslim "harraqa" named "Mogarbina" was captured by the Knights of St. John in 1507 from the Ottoman Turks and renamed "Santa Maria". Gujarati ships are usually called "naos" (carracks) by the Portuguese. Gujarati "naos" operated between Malacca and the Red Sea, and were often larger than Portuguese carracks. The Bengalis also used carrack, sometimes called "naos mauriscas" (Moorish carracks) by the Portuguese. Arabs merchants of Mecca apparently used carracks too, since Duarte Barbosa noted that the Bengali people have "great "naos" after the fashion of Mecca".


title: Carrack

text: The word caracca and derivative words is popularly used in reference to a cumbersome individual, to an old vessel, or to a vehicle in a very bad condition.


title: Carrack

text: The Portuguese form of Carrack, a Nau, is used as their unique unit in the Civilization V and Civilization VI strategy game.


title: Anthurium

text: Anthurium (; Schott, 1829) is a genus of about 1,000 species of flowering plants, the largest genus of the arum family, Araceae. General common names include anthurium, tailflower, flamingo flower, and laceleaf.


title: Anthurium

text: The genus is native to the Americas, where it is distributed from northern Mexico to northern Argentina and parts of the Caribbean.


title: Anthurium

text: "Anthurium" is a genus of herbs often growing as epiphytes on other plants. Some are terrestrial. The leaves are often clustered and are variable in shape. The inflorescence bears small flowers which are perfect, containing male and female structures. The flowers are contained in close together spirals on the spadix. The spadix is often elongated into a spike shape, but it can be globe-shaped or club-shaped. Beneath the spadix is the spathe, a type of bract. This is variable in shape, as well, but it is lance-shaped in many species. It may extend out flat or in a curve. Sometimes it covers the spadix like a hood. The fruits develop from the flowers on the spadix. They are juicy berries varying in color, usually containing two seeds.


title: Anthurium

text: The spadix and spathe are a main focus of "Anthurium" breeders, who develop cultivars in bright colors and unique shapes. "Anthurium scherzerianum" and "A. andraeanum", two of the most common taxa in cultivation, are the only species that grow bright red spathes. They have also been bred to produce spathes in many other colors and patterns.


title: Anthurium

text: "Anthurium" plants are poisonous due to calcium oxalate crystals. The sap is irritating to the skin and eyes.


title: Anthurium

text: Like other aroids, many species of "Anthurium" plant can be grown as houseplants, or outdoors in mild climates in shady spots, including "Anthurium crystallinum" and "Anthurium clarinervium" with its large, velvety, dark green leaves and silvery white venation. Many hybrids are derived from "Anthurium andraeanum" or "Anthurium scherzerianum" because of their colorful spathes. They thrive in moist soils with high organic matter. In milder climates the plants can be grown in pots of soil. Indoors plants thrive at temperatures of and at lower light than other house plants. Wiping the leaves off with water will remove any dust and insects. Plants in pots with good root systems will benefit from a weak fertilizer solution every other week. In the case of vining or climbing Anthuriums, the plants benefit from being provided with a totem to climb.


title: Anthurium

text: "Anthurium" can be propagated by seed or vegetatively by cuttings. In the commercial "Anthurium" trade, most propagation is via tissue culture.


title: Anthurium

text: In 1860 there were 183 species known to science, and Heinrich Wilhelm Schott defined them in 28 sections in the book "Prodromus Systematis Aroidearum". In 1905 the genus was revised with a description of 18 sections. In 1983 the genus was divided into the following sections:


title: Software framework

text: In computer programming, a software framework is an abstraction in which software, providing generic functionality, can be selectively changed by additional user-written code, thus providing application-specific software. It provides a standard way to build and deploy applications and is a universal, reusable software environment that provides particular functionality as part of a larger software platform to facilitate the development of software applications, products and solutions. Software frameworks may include support programs, compilers, code libraries, toolsets, and application programming interfaces (APIs) that bring together all the different components to enable development of a project or system.


title: Software framework

text: The designers of software frameworks aim to facilitate software developments by allowing designers and programmers to devote their time to meeting software requirements rather than dealing with the more standard low-level details of providing a working system, thereby reducing overall development time. For example, a team using a web framework to develop a banking website can focus on writing code particular to banking rather than the mechanics of request handling and state management.


title: Software framework

text: Frameworks often add to the size of programs, a phenomenon termed "code bloat". Due to customer-demand-driven applications needs, both competing and complementary frameworks sometimes end up in a product. Further, due to the complexity of their APIs, the intended reduction in overall development time may not be achieved due to the need to spend additional time learning to use the framework; this criticism is clearly valid when a special or new framework is first encountered by development staff. If such a framework is not used in subsequent job taskings, the time invested in learning the framework can cost more than purpose-written code familiar to the project's staff; many programmers keep copies of useful boilerplate code for common needs.


title: Software framework

text: However, once a framework is learned, future projects can be faster and easier to complete; the concept of a framework is to make a one-size-fits-all solution set, and with familiarity, code production should logically rise. There are no such claims made about the size of the code eventually bundled with the output product, nor its relative efficiency and conciseness. Using any library solution necessarily pulls in extras and unused extraneous assets unless the software is a compiler-object linker making a tight (small, wholly controlled, and specified) executable module.


title: Software framework

text: The issue continues, but a decade-plus of industry experience has shown that the most effective frameworks turn out to be those that evolve from re-factoring the common code of the enterprise, instead of using a generic "one-size-fits-all" framework developed by third parties for general purposes. An example of that would be how the user interface in such an application package as an office suite grows to have common look, feel, and data-sharing attributes and methods, as the once disparate bundled applications, grow unified into a suite that is tighter and smaller; the newer/evolved suite can be a product that shares integral utility libraries and user interfaces.


title: Software framework

text: This trend in the controversy brings up an important issue about frameworks. Creating a framework that is elegant, versus one that merely solves a problem, is still rather a craft than a science. "Software elegance" implies clarity, conciseness, and little waste (extra or extraneous functionality, much of which is user-defined). For those frameworks that generate code, for example, "elegance" would imply the creation of code that is clean and comprehensible to a reasonably knowledgeable programmer (and which is therefore readily modifiable), versus one that merely generates correct code. The elegance issue is why relatively few software frameworks have stood the test of time: the best frameworks have been able to evolve gracefully as the underlying technology on which they were built advanced. Even there, having evolved, many such packages will retain legacy capabilities bloating the final software as otherwise replaced methods have been retained in parallel with the newer methods.


title: Software framework

text: Software frameworks typically contain considerable housekeeping and utility code in order to help bootstrap user applications, but generally focus on specific problem domains, such as:


title: Software framework

text: According to Pree, software frameworks consist of "frozen spots" and "hot spots". "Frozen spots" define the overall architecture of a software system, that is to say its basic components and the relationships between them. These remain unchanged (frozen) in any instantiation of the application framework. "Hot spots" represent those parts where the programmers using the framework add their own code to add the functionality specific to their own project.


title: Software framework

text: In an object-oriented environment, a framework consists of abstract and concrete classes. Instantiation of such a framework consists of composing and subclassing the existing classes.


title: Software framework

text: The necessary functionality can be implemented by using the Template Method Pattern in which the "frozen spots" are known as invariant methods and the "hot spots" are known as variant or hook methods. The invariant methods in the superclass provide default behaviour while the hook methods in each subclass provide custom behaviour.


title: Software framework

text: When developing a concrete software system with a software framework, developers utilize the hot spots according to the specific needs and requirements of the system. Software frameworks rely on the Hollywood Principle: "Don't call us, we'll call you." This means that the user-defined classes (for example, new subclasses) receive messages from the predefined framework classes. Developers usually handle this by implementing superclass abstract methods.


title: The House of the Dead

text: The House of the Dead is a horror-themed light gun shooter video game franchise created by Sega in 1996. Originally released in arcades, it utilizes a light gun on the platform, but can be played with standard controllers on consoles and a mouse or keyboard on home computers. For the PlayStation Network releases of "III" and "4", they can also be played using the PlayStation Move controller.


title: The House of the Dead

text: There are six "House of the Dead" games originating in a first-person light gun rail shooter format. The main series all have common traits including special agents pairing up to take on hordes of biologically engineered undead (referred to as 'mutants' in "Overkill"). The games are divided into chapters, each of which culminates in a boss battle against usually massive, terrifying creatures. The bosses in the first four games as well as the sixth are all named after the Major Arcana of occult tarot.


title: The House of the Dead

text: Gameplay elements differ among the different games in the series, with each having different characters, firearms, and types of enemies. In many of the games, there are branching paths (determined by one's actions) and unlockable bonuses, along with different endings based on one's performances.


title: The House of the Dead

text: Several spin-offs to the mainstream storyline have also been produced (including a virtual pinball game, an English tutorial and a typing tutorial), as well as a film trilogy. In addition, select enemy characters appearing in the first two games were adapted into fully articulated action figures by Palisade Toys, which canceled the second toy line before street release due to limited returns from the first series.


title: The House of the Dead

text: "The House of the Dead" has been, along with "Resident Evil", credited with popularising zombie video games as well as re-popularising zombies in mainstream popular culture from the late 1990s onwards, leading to renewed interest in zombie films during the 2000s.


title: The House of the Dead

text: The main gameplay mechanic is the on-rails shooting mechanic. The player must clear each area of enemies before advancing to the next area. The first two installments featured pistols, the third featured a shotgun, the fourth and "Scarlet Dawn" featured a submachine gun. "Overkill" features different firearms which can be changed to the players' liking. The instructions on the cabinets note that a head shot is the most effective way to kill zombies.


title: The House of the Dead

text: Successful clearing will result in boss battles. Before most battles, the game will show what the bosses' weak point is. Final bosses have no identifiable weak point. If the boss is shot enough times, it will recoil; otherwise, it will take one of the player's lives. In most of the games, the bosses are named after Major Arcana cards. They are also classified by 'types', which are shown as either a number or Greek letter.


title: The House of the Dead

text: There are also some different branching paths in the games, that are usually accessed by shooting a door or an object and sometimes when a civilian is killed.


title: The House of the Dead

text: The first two "The House of the Dead" games featured civilians. If the player successfully rescued civilians from the zombies, the civilian would sometimes reward the player with an extra life. The fourth did not feature civilians. In the third game, occasionally the player's partner would get in trouble and the player would be rewarded if he or she saved the partner's life. Players can also obtain extra lives by shooting boxes, crates, vases and destructible scenery. "Scarlet Dawn" once again features the civilians from the first two games, alongside the partner rescue mechanics from the third game, alongside new mechanics such as weapon switching and quick time events.


title: The House of the Dead

text: All main games have multiple endings, depending on how well the player did in terms of civilians rescued, shooting percentage, score, and lives left. Every main game excepted the last one have "bad" ending, usually involving one of the characters transforming into a zombie. In 1 the character turning was Sophie Richards, 2 is Goldman, III is Daniel Curien and 4 is, once again, Goldman.


title: The House of the Dead

text: On December 18, 1998, the insane and disillusioned Dr. Curien plans to mobilize his armies of undead against the unsuspecting populace. AMS agents Thomas Rogan and "G" are dispatched to his mansion to stop Curien's evil plan and rescue Rogan's future wife, Sophie Richards.


title: The House of the Dead

text: In 2021, a remake based on the first game titled "The House of the Dead: Remake" by Forever Entertainment for Nintendo Switch was announced. In December 2021 it was announced the game's release would be delayed to Spring of 2022.


title: The House of the Dead

text: On February 26, 2000, business magnate and scientist Caleb Goldman reveals himself to be the mastermind of the 1998 Curien Mansion case and claims responsibility. Goldman initiates an undead outbreak on an unnamed Italian city while his "Emperor" project develops. Two AMS agents named James Taylor and Gary Stewart are sent in order to stop Goldman.


title: The House of the Dead

text: In the post-apocalyptic world of 2019, Thomas Rogan and his team of commandos infiltrate the EFI Research Facility in hopes of finding the source of the planet's collapse. Losing contact with him, his daughter, Lisa Rogan, and his former partner, "G", set out on a search and recover mission, unaware that what awaits them has ties to the distant past and the very genesis of the undead horde. Daniel Curien, son of the late Dr. Curien, later teams up with Lisa to help complete the rest of the mission.


title: The House of the Dead

text: In the year 2003, veteran AMS agent James Taylor (from "The House of the Dead 2") and newcomer Kate Green are investigating the Goldman Incident of 2000. Following a sudden earthquake, they are shocked to discover that the undead from three years prior have returned, seemingly unharmed, and locked in a lab, but they soon break out and wreak havoc once again. Intent on preventing a nuclear disaster, they must once again cross paths with the seemingly deceased Goldman.


title: The House of the Dead

text: Set shortly after the end of "The House of the Dead 4", AMS agent Kate Green join forces with fellow AMS agent "G" in order to destroy the "source" of the outbreak.


title: The House of the Dead

text: On December 6, 2006, three years after the events of "The House of the Dead 4", Kate Green joins forces with Ryan Taylor - the brother of her late partner, James Taylor - on an undercover mission in a dinner event within Scarecrow Manor, until the mysterious manager unleashes his army of creatures upon the dinner guests, and soon the world.


title: The House of the Dead

text: In September 2019, director Takashi Oda revealed during an interview with Sega Interactive that he wants to produce three more games for the series.


title: The House of the Dead

text: "The Typing of the Dead" is a revision of "The House of the Dead 2" that replaces the game's light guns with QWERTY keyboards. Enemies are defeated by quickly typing out words that appear on the screen, and introduces a variety of challenges. Although designed to improve typing skills, the game has been lauded by critics for its humor and originality. The game was released for arcades, Dreamcast and PC, while a revised version was released for the PlayStation 2 only in Japan.


title: The House of the Dead

text: "Zombie Revenge" is a beat 'em up title that was released in arcades and the Dreamcast. After a zombie outbreak devastates the city, AMS agents Stick Breitling, Linda Rotta and Rikiya Busujima are sent to eliminate the threat using their guns, fists and a variety of other weapons, while uncovering the truth behind the mysterious Zed. The game makes numerous references to the series on which it is based, including the Curien Mansion from "The House of the Dead" serving as the final stage. Also, some of the zombie noises were recycled from the first "House of the Dead" game.


title: The House of the Dead

text: "The Pinball of the Dead" is a pinball game released for the Game Boy Advance. Tables, bosses and enemy designs are derived from "The House of the Dead 2".


title: The House of the Dead

text: Similar to its predecessor, "The Typing of the Dead 2" is a revision of "The House of the Dead III" while retaining the typing gameplay elements of the previous title. It was only released in Japan for the PC.


title: The House of the Dead

text: Released in Japan exclusively for the Nintendo DS, the game is designed to help Japanese speakers improve their English language skills. Playing similar to the "Typing of the Dead" games, enemies are defeated when Japanese words shown on-screen are translated into English. The game makes use of the DS touch screen and speakers.


title: The House of the Dead

text: In 1991 Agent G, on his first assignment, is sent to investigate mysterious disappearances in Louisiana and runs afoul with homicide detective Isaac Washington. They encounter hordes of mutants in Bayou County, forcing them to team up in order to survive, and find the outbreak linked to local sugar plantation owner Papa Caeser, whom Isaac is pursuing to avenge the death of his father. The pair chase him through numerous locales throughout Bayou County and unearth a far deeper conspiracy than they initially thought.


title: The House of the Dead

text: "The House of the Dead EX" is a more casual spin-off to the main games and adds a more humorous twist to the series. Players play either as Zobio or Zobiko, a pair of young zombies in love, who seek to escape from captivity. As opposed to the general gameplay of the series, EX's levels are made up of a series of minigames. Sections are split up into various paths, some of which use the lightgun, such as shooting apples, and others which use a foot pedal on the machine, such as stomping on spiders. The goal of each level is to fulfil a quota within the time limit, indicated by long hands reaching towards each other. It runs on the Lindbergh arcade system and is also the first game in the series to use a pedal. The game was slated for release in December 2008, but was released later in 2009.


title: The House of the Dead

text: Released for PC via Steam, "The Typing of the Dead: Overkill" is the second sequel of the original spin-off game, "The Typing of the Dead". Unlike previous installments, there is no arcade version of this game, though it does come with a mouse-based version of "The House of the Dead: Overkill Extended Cut". Like its predecessors, the game replaces the usual rail-shooter gameplay with typing gameplay elements, this time with a modified "The House of the Dead: Overkill" engine.


title: The House of the Dead

text: "Darts of the Dead" is a unreleased darts game themed around "House of the Dead" on the DARTSLIVE2 platform. The title was trademarked by SEGA in September 2017, and showcased on the DARTSLIVEvideo YouTube channel in October, but since then nothing has come of the title's release to the general public.


title: The House of the Dead

text: "The House of the Dead 2 & 3 Return" is a re-release of "The House of the Dead 2" and "III" for the Wii. It is largely the same as the originals, except for minor changes. A new melee attack can be used to defend oneself and the game is Wii Zapper compatible.


title: The House of the Dead

text: In 2003, the first film, directed by Uwe Boll and produced by Brightlight Pictures, was released. Given a limited theatrical release with the intent of becoming a cult film, it served as a loose prequel to the game, but received very poor reviews and little box office return.


title: The House of the Dead

text: In 2004, a sequel to the first film was greenlit but direct-to-DVD. The previous director was unable to direct the sequel, due to commitments to his other films, and Michael Hurst was chosen to take his place. The sequel is closer to its source, featuring AMS agents going to a school to stop a zombie outbreak from spreading. The story of the film was based on the 1996 original video game. However, the film was also poorly received.


title: The House of the Dead

text: Another sequel was announced. Mindfire Entertainment co-founder Mark Altman has stated in discussions that "It's a completely different approach to the material than the first two films." It was also stated that it may not be called "House of the Dead 3" as Sega wasn't releasing the latest installment on home consoles." Eventually, Mindfire Entertainment released "Dead and Deader" starring Dean Cain and the "House of the Dead" name was not attached.


title: The House of the Dead

text: In Walt Disney Animation Studios' 52nd animated feature-length film, "Wreck-It Ralph", a zombie with axes based on Cyril (the hatchet-wielding zombie) appears with numerous other video game villains in the villains' support group Bad-Anon. The zombie tries to reassure Wreck-It Ralph that labels won't make him happy and that good or bad, he must love himself for who he is.


title: The House of the Dead

text: In December 2016, "Variety" reported that Stories International and Circle of Confusion will produce a new "House of the Dead" film.


title: The House of the Dead

text: According to Kim Newman in the book "Nightmare Movies" (2011), the "zombie revival began in the Far East" during the late 1990s, largely inspired by the Japanese zombie games "Resident Evil" and "The House of the Dead". The success of these two 1996 zombie games inspired a wave of Asian zombie films, such as "Bio Zombie" (1998) and "Versus" (2000), for example. The zombie revival which began in the Far East eventually went global following the worldwide success of Japanese zombie games such as "Resident Evil" and "The House of the Dead". Their success led to a wave of Western zombie films during the 2000s, such as "28 Days Later" (2002) and "Shaun of the Dead" (2004), for example. In 2013, George Romero said it was the video games "Resident Evil" and "House of the Dead" "more than anything else" that popularised his zombie concept in mainstream popular culture.


title: The House of the Dead

text: "The House of the Dead" has also been credited with introducing a new type of zombie distinct from Romero's classic slow zombie: the fast running zombie. After first appearing in "The House of the Dead", they became popular in zombie films and video games during the 2000s, including the "Resident Evil" games and films, "The House of the Dead" film adaptation, and the films "28 Days Later" (2002) and "Dawn of the Dead" (2004).


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: The Mazda MX-5 (NC) is the third generation of the Mazda MX-5 manufactured from 2005 to 2015. At its introduction in 2005, it won the Car of the Year Japan Award and made "Car and Driver"s 10Best list from 2006 to 2013. The NC is the first MX-5 generation to feature a retractable hardtop variant, with its roof being able to fold and unfold in 12 seconds without sacrificing trunk space.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: The exterior styling by Yasushi Nakamuta resembled the original design, but unlike the update from NA to NB, which was mostly a nose/tail/interior change, the NC shares no components with the NB, except for the fender-mounted turn signal lights on non-U.S. models, and rear differential internals. The chief designer of this model generation was Moray Callum. The 2003 Mazda Ibuki concept served as a preview of the new model. The suspension changed from a four-wheel double wishbone setup to a front wishbone/rear multilink setup, shared with the Mazda RX-8. Technologies including traction control and stability control were added to increase driveability. According to "Car and Driver", the NC has a skidpad number of 0.90g.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: For the U.S., the engine was the 16-valve, MZR LF-VE DOHC I4, producing and of torque coupled to either a 5-speed or a 6-speed manual transmission or with the optional 6-speed automatic transmission. A limited-slip differential was available with the 6-speed manual option. In Australia, the MZR was offered, rated at and of torque and the 6-speed manual transmission and LSD are standard. In Europe, two engines were offered: the MZR LF-VE rated at and of torque, coupled to the 6-speed manual transmission; and a new MZR L8-VE, rated at and , coupled to the 5-speed manual transmission.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: A six-speed automatic transmission, with steering wheel mounted paddle shifters, was optional. A test by "Car and Driver" magazine revealed a 0- time of 6.5 s for the U.S.-spec NC. Manufacturer figures for the European-spec model are: 0- in 9.4 s for the 1.8 and 7.9 s for the 2.0. As of this generation, the car no longer complies with Japanese law's maximum exterior width dimension for the mid-size vehicle tax class, making Japanese buyers liable for additional costs for ownership.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: In July 2006, Mazda debuted a Power Retractable Hard Top (PRHT) version of the NC with a two-piece folding hardtop, named MX-5 Roadster Coupé in Europe, Roadster Power Retractable Hard Top in Japan, and MX-5 Miata Power Retractable Hard Top in the U.S. and Canada. Designed by Webasto and constructed of polycarbonate, the top requires 12 seconds to raise or lower, and the first models were delivered to customers in late August 2006. The hardtop adds to the weight of a comparably equipped soft-top, without diminishing trunk space when retracted. The PRHT omits one of the soft-top's two storage compartments behind the seats to accommodate the folding roof mechanism and has a steel trunk lid instead of the soft-top's aluminum. Performance times are slightly affected with the weight increase, with the 0- time increased to 9.6 s for the 1.8 and 8.2 seconds for the 2.0. Thanks to better aerodynamics, though, top speed is increased from 196 km/h (121.8 mph) to 200 km/h (124.3 mph) for the smaller-engined model and from to for the 2.0. These figures are for the European-spec models. For all PRHT models, the suspension was slightly modified to handle the additional weight, with slightly stiffer springs.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: Introduced at the 2005 SEMA Show, the Troy Lee Designs MX-5 NC was a one-off model that featured a custom silver/black paint scheme by L&G Enterprises, a body kit with rear deck cover designed by Keith Dean, 18-inch Volk Racing wheels, Wilwood brakes, and a custom black/red leather interior trim by Stitchcraft.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: Making its debut at the 2005 New York International Auto Show, the 3rd Generation Limited was a launch edition of the MX-5 NC which featured added chrome accents, stainless steel scuff plates, and special 17-inch wheels. Velocity Red was an exclusive color to this edition. A limited run of 3,500 were built worldwide (300 in the UK, 750 in the U.S., 150 in Canada), delivered in advance of standard models.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: The MS-R (Motor Sport-Racing) package was designed specifically to enhance the on-track performance of the MX-5 in Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) Showroom Stock B (SSB) road racing and C-Stock (CS) autocrossing. The MS-R package is based on the SV model MX-5, which already includes a 2.0-liter four-cylinder MZR engine, five-speed manual transmission, four-wheel disc brakes. The package adds a limited-slip differential, front shock-tower brace, underbody chassis bracing, 17" alloy wheels, Koni shock absorbers, racing-specific front and rear sway bars, higher-rate springs to provide a lower ride height and a rear lip spoiler.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: Introduced at the 2007 Tokyo Auto Salon, the Kurenai Concept was a PRHT model in Radiant Ebony color with chrome accents, custom 17" alloy wheels, and a red leather and alcantara interior.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: For 2008, Mazda released a Special Edition MX-5 with an Icy Blue exterior and exclusive Dark Saddle Brown folding top, and matching leather with blue stitching on the steering wheel, seats, and hand brake lever. The Special Edition also featured a silver-accented shift knob, dark-silver finished instrument panel with chrome accents, special 17" (430 mm) alloy wheels, stainless steel MX-5 scuff plates, and chrome front headlight bezels, as well as grille and fog lamp surrounds. The 2008 Special Edition was limited to 105 PRHT-equipped units in Canada and 750 soft-top units in the U.S.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: Named after the Niseko Mt. Resort Grand Hirafu, the Europe-exclusive MX-5 Niseko was offered in either the 1.8-liter soft-top or 2.0-liter PRHT, with the 5-speed manual being the only available transmission. Color choices consisted of Icy Blue and Sunlight Silver; German units were available in five colors. Special interior features included Niseko badges on the front fenders, color-coded roll bar trim, Niseko branded floor mats, and similar add-ons used in the 2008 Special Edition model. The MX-5 Niseko was limited to 800 units in the UK; 240 for the soft-top and 560 for the PRHT.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: The MX-5 facelift was unveiled at the 2008 Paris Motor Show and Science Museum in London, and later at the 2009 Chicago Auto Show.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: Major changes concern the restyled front which now incorporates elements from Mazda’s newer models like the larger grille and new head and fog lights. Further restyled elements include the side skirts, rear bumper and the tail lights. The soft-top Touring and Grand Touring models feature a mesh grille bordered by a chrome frame. The hardtop PRHT Roadster Coupe now features a mesh grille bordered by a chrome frame and chrome elements inside the headlamps and outer door handles.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: The instrument panel gained darker features and redesigned graphics for the gauges. To create more leg space in the cabin, a protrusion from the door pockets was eliminated.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: The I4 engine was rated at 7,000 rpm and at 5,000 rpm for the 5-speed manual transmission, at 6,700 rpm with the fuel cut-off at 7,200 rpm and at 5,000 rpm for the automatic transmission. Engine redline was raised by 500 rpm to 7,200 rpm in manual model and fuel cut at 7,500 rpm. The suspension and gearbox have been fine-tuned; with the latter offering smoother shifts and an automatic transmission will be introduced in Europe for the first time.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: The MX-5 Superlight is a concept car commemorating the 20th anniversary of MX-5 production, designed at Mazda's studio in Frankfurt, Germany. It is made of lightweight materials to improve performance, handling, fuel economy and emissions and does not include a windshield. It was unveiled at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: The Roadster 20th Anniversary models are based on the Roadster RS soft-top model with a six-speed manual transmission, and the VS Power Retractable Hard Top (PRHT) model with a six-speed automatic transmission, for the Japanese market, commemorating 20 years of Mazda Roadster. Special equipment included Recaro bucket sport seats (Black Alcantara and red leather), exclusive '20th Anniversary' badges on each side fender, clear front fog lights and bezels (black and silver on soft-top and PRHT models respectively), 205/45R17 84W tires with 17-inch aluminum wheels (standard equipment on the soft-top base model), cowl connecting type front strut tower bar (standard equipment on the soft-top base model), fabric soft-top with glass rear window (soft-top model only), heated seats with five temperature settings (standard equipment on the PRHT base model) and soft padding with synthetic leather on the door armrests and center console lid (standard equipment on the PRHT base model).


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: The 20th Anniversary Model is a limited version of the MX-5 soft-top with a MZR 1.8L engine with only 2000 produced. It was built for the European market to commemorate 20 years of MX-5 production. It includes a special exterior styling package with a chrome grille, door handles and headlight fascia, silver-look fog lamp frames, unique 17-inch alloy wheels and 20th Anniversary logos and a strut tower bar. Available body colors include True Red, Crystal White Pearl and, specific for this edition, a new Aurora Blue (with matching painted decorative elements in the interior).


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: The MX-5 Miyako is a limited edition of the MX-5 Soft-Top Convertible available in two versions, the MX-5 1.8i Miyako and the 2.0i Miyako. 500 units of each were produced. The 1.8i Miyako features a MZR 1.8-liter engine and a powered retractable hardtop, while the 2.0i Miyako is powered by the MZR 2.0-liter engine. It was built for the UK market to commemorate 20 years of MX-5 production. The Miyako package included Medici premium perforated black leather trim with a red underlay and stitching, special badging, floor mats and climate control air-conditioning. The exterior includes front fog lamps, larger 17-inch alloy wheels, a front suspension strut brace, and metallic paint Aluminum Silver Metallic on the 2.0i Miyako and Velocity Red Mica on 1.8i Miyako). Both Miyako models also included remote central locking, a leather steering wheel with audio controls, an MP3 compatible audio system with six speakers and auxiliary (AUX) jack input, heated electric mirrors and electric front windows and a Thatcham Category 1 alarm with immobiliser. The 2.0i Miyako also included a limited-slip differential, Dynamic Stability Control and Traction Control.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: The MX-5 Matte and Black Special Edition is a limited edition version of the MX-5 with a MZR 2.0-liter engine, built to commemorate 20 years of MX-5 production in France. The vehicle was unveiled at the 21st annual Salon du Cabriolet, Coupé & SUV in Paris.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: Unveiled at the 2010 SEMA Show, the MX-5 Super20 included a DPTune-reflashed ECU with a supercharged Cosworth motor, ACT clutch, MAZDASPEED coilover shocks and shock tower brace, and Racing Beat hollow anti-roll bars. It also featured StopTech brakes, SpeedSource brake disks and 16-inch Enkei wheels.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: Limited to 750 units in the U.S., the 2011 Special Edition was offered only as a PRHT version. The vehicles was available in Dolphin Gray Mica or Sparkling Black Mica with gray leather interior, Bilstein shocks, and LSD.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: The MX-5 Sport Black is a limited edition of the MX-5 powered retractable hardtop (PRHT) with a MZR-2.0L engine and Sport Tech equipment package, inspired by the Mazda MX-5 GT race car and built for the UK market. 500 examples were produced. It included a Brilliant Black powered retractable hardtop, black leather interior with contrasting 'sand' color stitching, Piano Black steering wheel and deco panel, and unique 'Black Limited Edition' exterior badging, uniquely numbered interior plaque and Limited Edition floor mats as well as dark 'gun metal' 17-inch alloy wheels and a limited-slip differential. Available body colors included Spirited Green metallic, Crystal White Pearlescent and Velocity Red mica.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: The Mazda Roadster BLACK TUNED models are based on the Mazda Roadster RS Power Retractable Hard Top with the 2.0-liter DOHC engine and six-speed manual transmission, and the Mazda Roadster VS Power Retractable Hard Top with 2.0-liter DOHC engine and six-speed electronically controlled automatic transmission. They were built for the Japanese market and included the following upgrades:


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: Factory-installed options included 6-disc CD changer with AM/FM radio/MP3/WMA player and AUX jack. Available exterior body colors included Spirited Green Metallic (exclusive), Velocity Red Mica (exclusive) and Crystal Pearl White Mica (special body color).


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: The MX-5 Spyder is an MX-5 soft-top designed by Mazda North American Operations and Magna Car Top Systems. It included a single-panel grenadine-red soft-top made by Haartz Corporation, lower car body, Stratosphere White body color, Yokohama AO48 225/45R17 performance with 17-inch 10-spoke ADVAN RS wheels in Gun Metal Metallic, a turbocharged MZR 2.0-liter engine fueled by BP's isobutanol, a lithium-ion racing battery made by Braille Battery, a Racing Beat header, intake and exhaust muffler, MAZDASPEED coil over kit, Brembo brakes, tanned Saddle black-leather seats with Aqua leather accents and Coal Ash suede inserts, Spider Silk Gray Metallic-colored trim pieces on the doors and dash, black interior, customized floor mats by Star West and a MAZDASPEED short-throw shifter.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: The MX-5 Super20 included Hyper Orange Mica-colored body, stationary glossy black hardtop with matching orange stripes, color-matched roll bar, black leather seats with suede seat inserts and orange contrast channel stitching, DPTune reflashed ECU, Racing Beat 304-stainless steel header and exhaust, Racing Beat hollow front and rear anti-roll bars, ACT organic street clutch, MAZDASPEED coil overs and a shock tower brace, Power Slot slotted brake rotors, StopTech stainless steel brake lines and street performance brake pads, SpeedSource front brake ducts, black 16-inch Enkei RPF1 twin-spoke racing wheels, Toyo Proxes RA-1 245/45ZR16 high-performance tires, H&R Track+ bolt-on wheel spacers in the rear and Sparco wheel spacers in the front.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: The Mazda Roadster BLACK TUNED-2012 is based on Mazda Roadster BLACK TUNED, but with BBS lightweight alloy wheels, Bilstein height adjustable dampers, Brembo brake system (painted in gold for the front) and Recaro seats.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: The Mazda Roadster NR-A 'Jimba-Ittai' (マツダ ロードスター NR-A “人馬一体号”) is a race car with Enkei 16-inch alloy wheels, Bridgestone 16-inch tires, Bilstein dampers for a 20-millimeter lower vehicle height, Endless brake pads and TAKATA four-point seatbelts.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: The MX-5 Miata Special Edition is a limited (450 units) version of the USA Market 2012 MX-5 Miata with black-only PRHT, two new body (non-roof) colors (Pearl White and Velocity Red), new 17-inch black gunmetal alloy wheels, black exterior accents, black heated leather seats and piano black interior finishes, six-speed manual transmission with short-throw shifter or six-speed Sport automatic transmission with steering-wheel-mounted paddle shifters, Premium and Suspension packages.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: The MX-5 Miata Special Version (SV trim) is a limited (180 units) version of the Canadian Market 2012 MX-5 Miata GX base trim (no suspension package) with 2.0L MZR gasoline engine with the following upgrades: Velocity Red Mica exterior with Brilliant Black PRHT, Brilliant Black exterior door mirrors and roll bar garnish, 17" gunmetal alloy wheels with 205/45R17 tires, heated black leather trimmed seats with Sand Stitching, leather steering wheel with Piano Black trim and Sand Stitching, leather parking brake with Sand Stitching, leather-like door trim with Sand Stitching, Piano Black decoration panel, alloy pedals, auto A/C, external thermometer and trip computer, 6 speed manual transmission. The only optional equipment was a 6 speed electonically controlled automatic transmission with overdrive.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: The MX-5 Venture Edition is a limited (250 Soft-top, 550 Roadster Coupe) versions of the Mazda MX-5 with 1.8 MZR Soft-top (SE) and 2.0 MZR Roadster Coupe (Sport Tech) for the UK market. It includes Havana Brown heated leather seats, leather steering wheel and hand brake with contrasting grey stitching, matching door trim, climate control air-conditioning, piano black dashboard accents, alloy pedals, cruise control, satellite navigation system by Sanyo TomTom, choice of 3 body colors (Metropolitan Grey Mica, Ebony Mica, Crystal White Pearlescent), Dynamic Stability Control (DSC), a Traction Control System (TCS) and a limited-slip differential (Roadster Coupe only).


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: Introduced at the 2012 Leipzig Motor Show, the MX-5 "Yusho" is a limited version of the MX-5 with a supercharged 2.0-liter MZR petrol engine featuring a supercharger kit by Flyin' Miata and Cosworth pistons as well as connecting rods rated at and at 5,450 rpm, top speed of , individually designed muffler with large cross sections and centrally positioned double tailpipes, six-speed manual transmission with special sports clutch and shorter final drive ratio of 4.1, suspension with Bilstein shock absorbers, larger stabilizer bars and lowering springs from Eibach Federn; 8Jx17 anthracite gray alloy wheels with Toyo semi-slick tires, matte-white film wrapping and white foiled rear spoiler, rear diffuser in carbon fiber-optics and the dark wheels, suede-trimmed steering wheel, Recaro sport seats with leather and Alcantara. Yusho is the Japanese word for victory.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: The Senshu MX-5 is a limited (200 unit) version of the MX-5 with a Retractable Hard Top, 2.0-liter MZR petrol engine, six-speed manual transmission and sport-line equipment built for the German market. It includes dark alloy wheels with 205/45R17 tires, a "racing stripe" Seitenfolierung, a black rear diffuser, sport exhaust tailpipes and a black bezel on the front grille, light gray leather interior with embossed five-stage seat heating for driver and front passenger, accessory option include an iPod and USB adapter and lowering vehicle by 30 millimeters. Available body colors included Brilliant Black Metallic Arachneweiß Tornadoraot and metallic.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: The model name was chosen by 9,600 Facebook users who had voted at the TV station DMAX. Other candidate names included "Arashi" and "Migoto".


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: The MX-5 GT is a concept car inspired by the MX-5 GT race programme and built by Le Mans race specialist Jota Sport. Its powered by a normally aspirated 2.0-liter Mazda petrol engine rated at , and includes a manual transmission, adjustable suspension, carbon front splitter, a rear diffuser and boot spoiler, sports exhaust system with a central tailpipe, Recaro seats, road slicks tires and body-colored roll hoops behind the seats.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: MX-5 Kuro are limited (200 soft-top, 400 Roadster Coupe) versions of MX-5 126PS 1.8i SE Soft-top and 160PS 2.0i Sport Tech Roadster Coupe, for the UK market. The Soft-top and Roadster Coupe included 5 and 6-speed manual transmissions respectively. Common features included a diffuser-style rear sports bumper, larger diameter sports exhaust, unique race car inspired exterior graphics, Black detailing around the front grille and front fog lights, plus unique 'Kuro Edition' badging, Stone and Black heated leather seats, Stone leather door inserts with contrasting red stitching, a silver interior deco panel with red accents, alloy pedals, premium floor mats with race inspired logo and climate control air-conditioning. Kuro is the Japanese word for black.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: As part of the Roadster's 20th anniversary in Japan, Mazda held a special commemorative event on September 20, 2009 at its Miyoshi Proving Ground in western Japan. In addition, 200 MX-5s from Europe were gathered at 24 Hours of Le Mans. A "Best of Show" competition was held during the event with a special award going to the most beautiful MX-5.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: New features included using coordinated black and silver features to the respective soft-top and power retractable hardtop cars, front bumper has a bigger grille opening as well as a revised fog lamp design and new lip spoiler, a new luxury tan color interior option, implementing Active Bonnet for pedestrian protection, and weight reduction via re-designed front bumper, new 17-inch aluminum wheels and even with the internal wiring.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: While no modifications were done to the powerplant, Mazda did retune the ECU on the manual transmission MX-5 to provide a more linear throttle response. Braking performance has also been altered, with the brake booster being modified to better modulate braking performance on the roadster.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: U.S. market Touring trim was replaced by Club trim with addition of black headlamps, black side mirror covers, 17"x7" gun metal black alloy wheels, Bilstein dampers, limited-slip differential, body color dash trim, red stitched black cloth seats, MX-5 decals, and more pronounced front and rear aerodynamic splitters. Colors for the new Club trim were limited to True Red, Brilliant Black, Crystal White Pearl, and Liquid Silver Metallic. There are only two choices for tops: black cloth top or black PRHT.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: Brodie Brittain Racing (BBR) of Brackley, England, is providing a limited edition run of 100 cars modified with an intercooled turbocharger, remapped ECU, and suspension upgrades. Available for the 2.0-liter Sport Tech Roadster Coupe models, this package increases power output to . The top speed is limited to , with approached in 4.9 seconds. At launch, the price of the package, including for the car, is , and comes with a 12-month warranty.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: The Jota is a production version of the 2012 MX-5 GT Concept car, built in Kent by Jota Sport. It went on sale in March 2014 and was available exclusively from approved Mazda dealer, Lodge Garage, in the UK.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: The 25th Anniversary Model is a limited (1099 units) version of the MX-5 PRHT with a 2.0L engine, designed to celebrate 25 years of the MX-5. All cars are painted in an exclusive color, Soul Red Metallic, and feature Brilliant Black A-pillars, roof panels and mirror covers. Other additions include 17-inch Dark Gunmetal alloy wheels, a rear diffuser, and chrome exhaust trim; each car also features a unique, limited edition numbered external badging. Interior changes include Light Stone heated leather seats featuring embossed 25th anniversary logos in the headrests with contrasting red stitching. This contrasting stitching continues on the steering wheel, gear stick boot and handbrake lever. Each car also has special 25th anniversary logo scuff plates on the door sills, a Dark Red hand painted decoration panel on the dash, Brilliant Black roll-over bar covers, and drilled aluminum pedals. This model went on sale on August 1, 2014 in the UK; it sold out in the U.S. within 10 minutes. It has the following engine enhancements: matched pistons, a lightened flywheel and forged crankshaft. Suspension includes Bilstein shock absorbers on manual versions only.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: In August 2019 in the United States, Mazda Motorsports and Winding Road Racing announced Spec MX-5, a racing class structure based around the MX-5 NC that is designed to be an affordable, tech-able, reliable and fun-to-drive option for club racers. Race cars in the division will feature Roush Performance cylinder heads, Penske Racing shocks, Eibach springs and sway bars, Pagid brake pads, Toyo tires, and more, and will have a curb weight of . Spec MX-5 will have select events starting in 2020.


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: The third generation MX-5 was met with positive reviews. Jeremy Clarkson, in his "Driving" column of "The Sunday Times", wrote that the MX-5 "represents better value for money than any other car on sale in Britain today." He went on to say: "You waste your money on a Mustang or a Ferrari. The fact is that if you want a sports car, the MX-5 is perfect. Nothing on the road will give you better value. Nothing will give you so much fun. The only reason I'm giving it five stars is because I can't give it 14."


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: Sam Philip of "Top Gear" magazine gave the car a score of seven out of 10, saying that "if it’s rear-drive retro you need, the Mazda would like to remind you it’s still got its groove on…"


title: Mazda MX-5 (NC)

text: Jack Baruth of "Road & Track" praised the value of late-model MX-5 NCs for their reliability and affordability compared to NA and NB models.


title: Marvel: Ultimate Alliance

text: Marvel: Ultimate Alliance is a 2006 action role-playing video game, developed by Raven Software for the PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Xbox and Xbox 360, and published by Activision. The game was ported to the PlayStation Portable and Wii by Vicarious Visions, and to Microsoft Windows by Beenox. A different Game Boy Advance version was developed by Barking Lizards Technologies. A re-release version based on Xbox 360's latest edition was developed by Zoë Mode for Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One, and was released in July 2016.


title: Marvel: Ultimate Alliance

text: "Ultimate Alliance" is set within the fictional Marvel Universe and features many of the superheroes, supervillains, and supporting characters that appear in publications by Marvel Comics. It shares many similarities with Raven Software's previous Marvel titles, "X-Men Legends" and "", in that it allows players to select from its vast cast to create the ultimate superhero team. The game features an original plot in which the heroes of the Marvel Universe must join forces to defeat Doctor Doom and his Masters of Evil and foil their plans for global domination.


title: Marvel: Ultimate Alliance

text: Upon release, the game was met with largely positive reviews from critics, who praised the simple but entertaining gameplay, and the impressive selection of iconic Marvel characters. A sequel, "", was developed for multiple platforms by Vicarious Visions, n-Space and Savage Entertainment and released in 2009. A third game, "", was developed by Koei Tecmo's Team Ninja and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo Switch in July 2019.


title: Marvel: Ultimate Alliance

text: Players can select teams of four from a range of more than twenty-two playable characters (although some characters are not initially available and need to be unlocked), allowing them to create their own superhero teams or recreate famous teams from the publications. Bonuses are also available if forming certain groups (e.g. the Avengers, Defenders, Fantastic Four, Marvel Knights, X-Men). The game has alternative endings, dictated by the number of optional missions the player completes. Included are trivia, artwork, and "simulator discs", which unlock non-story-related missions for characters. Each character also has a variety of costumes that offer different advantages.


title: Marvel: Ultimate Alliance

text: The PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 versions are virtually identical, with no major differences. Both platforms include Colossus, Moon Knight, and five additional comic book missions. Activision released eight additional downloadable characters on the Xbox 360 via the Xbox Live Marketplace on April 26, 2007 in a set of packs: a "Hero Pack", consisting of Cyclops, Nightcrawler, Hawkeye, and the Hulk, and a "Villain Pack", which includes Magneto, Sabretooth, Venom, and a playable Doctor Doom. Both packs are also available in a bundle pack for 800 MSP, which adds 12 new achievements to the game. The "Gold Edition" was released for the Xbox 360 in May 2007 which includes the standard game bundled with all downloadable content. The "Platinum Hits" version was released for the Xbox 360 in September 2007. The set includes all the Gold Edition of the game and a bonus DVD. As of December 2009, the DLC was removed from the Xbox LIVE Marketplace by Activision, meaning the only way to play as the downloadable characters was to purchase the Gold Edition or the Platinum Hits version. The Xbox 360 Games on Demand version now bundles the full game with all previously downloadable content.


title: Marvel: Ultimate Alliance

text: The Wii version has a few features unique to itself including specific motion-sensitive controls for normal moves, motion-sensitive controlled special attacks (the attacks are unique for each character, but not the motions), and access to any special move at any time. This version contains no online play but has a local multiplayer mode in which up to four players may play at once. It also features the characters Colossus and Moon Knight, as well as five additional comic book missions.


title: Marvel: Ultimate Alliance

text: The PC version is customizable, and many characters (including those exclusive to all other versions) and their modifications can be obtained from community sites for play within the game. The PC version's graphics vary depending on the customization of a user's settings. The PC version also features "intuitive mouse controls" and works with a gamepad. A number of custom characters (including Jean Grey, Psylocke, Scarlet Witch, War Machine, Vision, Dazzler, and Punisher) are available.


title: Marvel: Ultimate Alliance

text: The re-release version of the game which came to Xbox One, PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows via Steam is solely based on Xbox 360’s Gold Edition. However, the re-release was initially released with the contents which were exclusive to seventh-generation consoles (PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Wii), but without the DLC featured originally on Xbox 360. On August 30, 2016, an update was released on these three systems which contained the eight downloadable characters previously featured on the Xbox 360.