title: Reynoutria japonica

text: Research has been carried out on a "Mycosphaerella" leaf spot fungus, which devastates knotweed in its native Japan. This research has been relatively slow due to the complex life cycle of the fungus.


title: Reynoutria japonica

text: Following earlier studies, imported Japanese knotweed psyllid insects "Aphalara itadori", whose only food source is Japanese knotweed, were released at a number of sites in Britain in a study running from 1 April 2010 to 31 March 2014. In 2012, results suggested that establishment and population growth were likely, after the insects overwintered successfully. In 2020 Amsterdam imported and released 5,000 Japanese "Aphalara itadori" leaf fleas, exempting them from a strict ban on the introduction of alien species, as one of the measures to contain the knotweed. The psyllids suck up sap from the plant, potentially killing young shoots and slowing or even stopping growth. It was hoped that the psyllid would hibernate over winter and establish themselves in 2021.


title: Reynoutria japonica

text: Anecdotal reports of effective control describe the use of goats to eat the plant parts above ground followed by the use of pigs to root out and eat the underground parts of the plant.


title: Reynoutria japonica

text: Japanese knotweed is classed as an unwanted organism in New Zealand and is established in some parts of the country.


title: Reynoutria japonica

text: European adventurer Philipp Franz von Siebold transported Japanese knotweed from a Japanese volcano to Leiden in the Netherlands. By 1850, a specimen from this plant was donated by Von Siebold to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was favoured by gardeners because it looked like bamboo and grew everywhere. Ann Conolly provided the first authoritative work on the history and distribution of the plant in the UK and Europe in the 1970s. According to "The Daily Telegraph", the weed has travelled rapidly, aided by rail and water networks. In the UK, Japanese knotweed is a single female clone. However, it is able to readily hybridise with related species.


title: Reynoutria japonica

text: In the UK, Japanese knotweed is established in the wild in many parts of the country and creates problems due to the impact on biodiversity, flooding management and damage to property. It is an offence under section 14(2) of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 to "plant or otherwise cause to grow in the wild" any plant listed in Schedule nine, Part II to the Act, which includes Japanese knotweed. As of 2014, householders and landlords within towns, who do not control the plant in their gardens, can receive an on-the-spot fine or be prosecuted. It is also classed as "controlled waste" in Britain under part 2 of the Environmental Protection Act 1990. This requires disposal at licensed landfill sites.


title: Reynoutria japonica

text: Some home owners in the United Kingdom are unable to sell their homes if there is any evidence of knotweed on the property. The species is expensive to remove. According to the UK government, the cost of controlling knotweed had hit £1.25 billion in 2014. It cost £70 million to eradicate knotweed from 10 acres of the London 2012 Olympic Games velodrome and aquatic centre. Defra's Review of Non-native Species Policy states that a national eradication programme would be prohibitively expensive at £1.56 billion. The Centre for Ecology and Hydrology has been using citizen science to develop a system that gives a knotweed risk rating throughout Britain.


title: Reynoutria japonica

text: The decision was taken on 9 March 2010 in the UK to release into the wild a Japanese psyllid insect, "Aphalara itadori". Its diet is highly specific to Japanese knotweed and shows good potential for its control. Controlled release trials began in South Wales in 2016.


title: Reynoutria japonica

text: In Scotland, the Wildlife and Natural Environment (Scotland) Act 2011 came into force in July 2012 that superseded the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. This act states that is an offence to spread intentionally or unintentionally Japanese knotweed (or other non-native invasive species).


title: Reynoutria japonica

text: In Northern Ireland it has been recorded from Counties Down, Antrim and Londonderry. The earliest record is in 1872.


title: Reynoutria japonica

text: In the United Kingdom, Japanese knotweed has received a lot of attention in the press as a result of very restrictive lending policies by banks and other mortgage companies. Several lenders have refused mortgage applications on the basis of the plant being discovered in the garden or neighbouring gardens. The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors published a report in 2012 in response to lenders refusing to lend "despite [knotweed] being treatable and rarely causing severe damage to the property".


title: Reynoutria japonica

text: In response to this guidance, several lenders have relaxed their criteria in relation to discovery of the plant. As recently as 2012, the policy at the Woolwich (part of Barclays plc) was "if Japanese knotweed is found on or near the property then a case will be declined due to the invasive nature of the plant." Their criteria have since been relaxed to a category-based system depending on whether the plant is discovered on a neighbouring property (categories 1 and 2) or the property itself (categories 3 and 4) incorporating proximity to the property curtilage and the main buildings. Even in a worst-case scenario (category 4), where the plant is "within 7 metres (23 feet) of the main building, habitable spaces, conservatory and/or garage and any permanent outbuilding, either within the curtilage of the property or on neighbouring land; and/or is causing serious damage to permanent outbuildings, associated structures, drains, paths, boundary walls and fences" Woolwich lending criteria now specify that this property may be acceptable if "remedial treatment by a Property Care Association (PCA) registered firm has been satisfactorily completed. Treatment must be covered by a minimum 10-year insurance-backed guarantee, which is property specific and transferable to subsequent owners and any mortgagee in possession." Santander have relaxed their attitude in a similar fashion.


title: Reynoutria japonica

text: Property Care Association chief executive Steve Hodgson, whose trade body has set up a task force to deal with the issue, said: "Japanese knotweed is not 'house cancer' and could be dealt with in the same way qualified contractors dealt with faulty wiring or damp."


title: Reynoutria japonica

text: According to Gail Wallin, executive director of the Invasive Species Council of B.C., and co-chair of the Canadian Council on Invasive Species, by 2015 it was found in all provinces in Canada except Manitoba and Saskatchewan. In Vancouver the aggressive plant went under "four lanes of highway and have popped up on the other side." At Mission Point Park in Davis Bay, British Columbia municipal crews attempted to eradicate it by digging out the plant to a depth of about three metres (10 feet) with an excavator. It grew back twice as large the next year. To avoid an epidemic as in the United Kingdom, some provinces in Canada are pushing for relaxation of provincial limits on the use of herbicides close to waterways so knotweed can be aggressively managed with strong chemicals. In spite of its status as an invasive species it is still sometimes sold or swapped in Canada as an edible "false bamboo." Bohemian knotweed, a hybrid between Japanese and giant knotweed that produces huge quantities of viable seeds, now accounts for about 80 per cent of knotweed infestations in British Columbia.


title: Harish Uthaman

text: Harish Uthaman (born 5 April 1982) is an Indian actor who appears in Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, and Kannada films. He made his début portraying the lead role in "Tha" (2010), before playing villains in "Gouravam", "Pandiya Naadu", "Meagamann", "Power" and "Srimanthudu". He has acted in short films like Aazh Kadal, Kalaivu, etc. as the Hero and a musical album by Tarang called 'Undone'. His noteworthy performances are cop roles in movies like Thani Oruvan and Dora.


title: Harish Uthaman

text: Harish was born in a Malayali family. He is from Kannur. He married Mumbai-based celebrity Makeup Artist Amrita Kalyanpur. Their wedding took place on 6 September 2018 at Guruvayur Temple, Kerala in an intimate traditional ceremony in the presence of friends and family. They got divorced in 2019. In 2022, he married Malayalam actress Chinnu Kuruvila.


title: Harish Uthaman

text: Harish's first job was as a part of the cabin crew, working with Paramount Airways for three years and later with British Airways for three further years. He also briefly worked in a commercials company in Chennai before Suriya Prabhakaran, offered him the lead role in a film. Harish thus made his acting début with the low budget 2010 romantic Tamil film "Tha", which opened to above average reviews.


title: Harish Uthaman

text: To prepare for his first role he grew his beard for five months, and did work to darken his skin by applying oil and sitting in the sunshine as per the role's demands. The film had a limited release and went unnoticed at the box office, and his performance was described as "apt" by critics. The film was later screened at the Tamil Film Festival in Norway, where Harish met Radha Mohan for the first time. Harish won the Best Newcomer Award at the festival. Subsequently, Radha Mohan cast Harish in a negative role in his bilingual film "Gouravam" (2013).


title: Harish Uthaman

text: He was recommended to the director Suseenthiran for a role in "Pandiya Naadu" (2013) by Suriya Prabhakaran, his first director, and went on to gain critical acclaim for his performance in a villainous role. Today he does a lot of character and cop roles with all leading stars of south Indian industry. In the movie "Nenjil Thunivirundhal" (2017) he transformed his looks to suit the character. His movie "Naandhi" (2021) got huge response and his negative role got compliments like "We really Hate You" .


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: The Hebrew Bible makes reference to a number of covenants () with God (YHWH). These include the Noahic Covenant (in Genesis), which is between God and all living creatures, as well as a number of more specific covenants with Abraham, the whole Israelite people, the Israelite priesthood, and the Davidic lineage of kings. In form and terminology, these covenants echo the kinds of treaty agreements in the surrounding ancient world.


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: The Book of Jeremiah, verses says that Yahweh will establish a new covenant with the house of Israel and the house of Judah. Most Christians believe this New Covenant is the "replacement" or "final fulfilment" of the Old Covenant described in the Old Testament and as applying to the People of God, while some believe both covenants are still applicable in a dual covenant theology.


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: The Hebrew term בְּרִית "bĕriyth" for "covenant" is from a root with the sense of "cutting", because pacts or covenants were made by passing between cut pieces of flesh of an animal sacrifice.


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: There are two major types of covenants in the Hebrew Bible, including the obligatory type and the promissory type. The obligatory covenant is more common with the Hittite peoples, and deals with the relationship between two parties of equal standing. In contrast, the promissory type of covenant is seen in the Abrahamic and Davidic covenants. Promissory covenants focus on the relationship between the suzerain and the vassal and are similar to the "royal grant" type of legal document, which include historical introduction, border delineations, stipulations, witnesses, blessings, and curses. In royal grants, the master could reward a servant for being loyal. God rewarded Abraham, Noah, and David in his covenants with them. As part of his covenant with Abraham, God has the obligation to keep Abraham's descendants as God's chosen people and be their God. God acts as the suzerain power and is the party of the covenant accompanied by the required action that comes with the oath whether it be fire or animals in the sacrificial oaths. In doing this, God is the party taking upon the curse if he does not uphold his obligation. Through history there were also many instances where the vassal was the one who performed the different acts and took the curse upon them.


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: Weinfeld believes that similar terminology and wording can connect the Abrahamic and Davidic covenants with ancient Near Eastern grants, as opposed to being largely similar to the Mosaic covenant, which, according to Weinfeld, is an example of a suzerainty treaty. He goes on to argue that phrases about having a "whole heart" or having "walked after me [God] with all his heart" strongly parallels with Neo-Assyrian grant language, such as "walked with royalty". He further argues that in Jeremiah, God uses prophetic metaphor to say that David will be adopted as a son. Expressing legal and political relationships through familial phraseology was common among Near Eastern cultures. Babylonian contracts often expressed fathership and sonship in their grants to actually mean a king to vassal relationship.


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: Further underlying the idea that these covenants were grant-like in nature is the similar language used in both. In the grant of Ashurbanipal, an Assyrian, to his servant Bulta, he describes Bulta's loyalty with the phrase "kept the charge of my kinship". Abraham similarly kept God's charge in Genesis 26: 4–5: "I will give to your descendants all these lands...in as much as Abraham obeyed me and kept my charge, my commandments, my rules and my teachings."


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: According to Mendenhall, pressures from outside invaders led the loosely bound Israelite tribes to converge into monarchical unity for stability and solidarity. He also argues that during this consolidation, the new state also had to unify the religious traditions that belonged to the different groups to prevent dissent from those who might believe that the formation of a state would replace direct governance from God. Therefore, Mendenhall continues, these loosely bound tribes merged under the Mosaic covenant to legitimize their unity. They believed that to obey the law was to obey God. They also believed that the king was put into power as a result of God's benefaction, and that this accession was the fulfillment of God's promise of dynasty to David. Mendenhall also notes that a conflict arose between those who believed in the Davidic covenant, and those who believed that God would not support all actions of the state. As a result, both sides became relatively aloof, and the Davidic covenant and the Mosaic covenant were almost entirely forgotten.


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: Students of the Bible hold wildly differing opinions as to how many major covenants exist (or did exist) between God and humanity, with numbers ranging from one to at least twelve. (See covenant theology and dispensationalism for further information on two of the major viewpoints.) Some scholars classify only two: a covenant of promise and a covenant of law. The former involved an oath taken by God - a word of promise instead of command - while the latter is known in the Bible as "the Law".


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: The Noahic covenant applies to all of humanity and all other living creatures. In this covenant with all living creatures, God promises never again to destroy all life on Earth by flood and creates the rainbow as the sign of this "everlasting covenant between God and every living creature of all flesh that is on the earth".


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: Noah and the generations of his posterity were required in their turn to procreate, not shed human blood (murder), because mankind was made in the image of God. Jews are forbidden to consume meat with the blood in it, but Bnei Noah Noahidism are allowed the blood of a living animal (Maimonides, Laws of Kings and Wars, Chapter IX Law 10).


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: The covenant found in is known as the "Brit bein HaBetarim", the "Covenant between the parts" in Hebrew (also translated as the "Covenant of the pieces"), and is the basis for brit milah (covenant of circumcision) in Judaism. The covenant was for Abraham and his seed, or offspring, both of natural birth and adoption.


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: With Abraham multiple promised lands were given to his innumerable descendants (Gen 15:18-21; 17:1-9, 19; 22:15-18; 26:2-4, 24; 28; 35:9-13; Gal 3; Abr 2:6-11), with special 'gathering' and leadership roles assigned to the descendants of Joseph and his son Ephraim (Gen 48 and 50; Deut 33:17; 1 Chron 5:1-2; Psalm 80:2; Isaiah 11:13; Jer 31:6, 9; Ezek 37:15-19; Zech 10:6-12), and circumcision marking them as a peculiar people set apart (Gen 17:10-13).


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: In Genesis chapters 12–17 three covenants can be distinguished based on the differing Jahwist, Elohist and Priestly sources. In Genesis 12 and 15, God grants Abraham land and a multitude of descendants but does not place any stipulations (meaning it was unconditional) on Abraham for the covenant's fulfillment.


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: Covenants in biblical times were often sealed by severing an animal, with the implication that the party who breaks the covenant will suffer a similar fate. In Hebrew, the verb meaning to seal a covenant translates literally as "to cut". It is presumed by Jewish scholars that the removal of the foreskin symbolically represents such a sealing of the covenant.


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: According to Weinfeld, the Abrahamic covenant represents a covenant of grant, which binds the suzerain. It is the obligation of the master to his servant and involves gifts given to individuals who were loyal serving their masters. In the covenant with Abraham in Genesis 15, it is God who is the suzerain who commits himself and swears to keep the promise. In the covenant there are procedures for taking the oath, which involve a smoking oven and a blazing torch. There are many similarities between Genesis 15 and the Abba-El deed. In Genesis 15 and similarly in the Abba-El deed, it is the superior party who places himself under oath. The oaths in both, moreover, involve a situation wherein the inferior party delivers the animals while the superior party swears the oath.


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: The Abrahamic covenant is part of a tradition of covenantal sacrifices that dates back to the third millennium BC. The animals that are slaughtered in the covenant in Genesis 15 are considered a sacrificial offering. And it is that covenant which preserves the sacrificial element alongside the symbolic act.


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: The Mosaic covenant made with Moses and the Israelite people at Horeb-Sinai, which is found in and the book of Deuteronomy, contains the foundations of the written Torah. In this covenant, God promises to make the Israelites his treasured possession among all people and "a kingdom of priests and a holy nation", if they follow God's commandments. As part of the terms of this covenant, God gives Moses the Ten Commandments (Exod 24:8; these are later embellished or elaborated on in the rest of the Torah). The blood of sacrificial oxen is thereafter sprinkled on the altar and on the people to seal the covenant.


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: Beyond its central religious purpose, the Mosaic covenant was also political. It established Israel as a holy nation, God's special possession (Exod 19:5-6), with its chosen guardian-angel and shepherd, Yahweh/El-Elyon.


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: The form of the covenant resembles the suzerainty treaty in the ancient Near East. Like the treaties, the Ten Commandments begins with Yahweh's identification and what he had done for Israel ("who brought you out of the land of Egypt"; Ex 20:2) as well as the stipulations commanding absolute loyalty ("You shall not have other gods apart from me"). Unlike the suzerainty treaty, the Decalogue does not have any witness nor explicit blessings and curses. The fullest account of the Mosaic covenant is given in the book of Deuteronomy.


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: The priestly covenant ( "brith ha-kehuna") is the covenant that God made with Aaron and his descendants, the Aaronic priesthood, as found in the Hebrew Bible and Oral Torah. The Hebrew Bible also mentions another perpetual priestly promise with Phinehas and his descendants.


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: The royal covenant was made with David (2 Sam 7). It promised to establish his dynasty forever while acknowledging that its original royal-covenant promises had been given to the ancestor of the whole nation, Abraham.


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: The Davidic covenant establishes David and his descendants as the kings of the united monarchy of Israel (which included Judah). The Davidic covenant is an important element in Jewish messianism and Christian theology. In Jewish eschatology, the messiah is believed to be a future Jewish king from the Davidic line, who will be anointed with holy anointing oil, gather the Jews back into the Land of Israel, usher in an era of peace, build the Third Temple, have a male heir, re-institute the Sanhedrin and rule the Jewish people during the Messianic Age.


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: The tablets of the Ten Commandments were kept in the Ark of the Covenant, and this became the symbol of the Israelite nation, and of God's presence with His people. Thus when King David wanted to establish Jerusalem as his own capital city he brought the Ark there (2 Sam 6).


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: "It is this picture of the covenant which colours most of our thinking about covenant in the Old Testament, and in the expression 'Law and Gospel' it represents the "old covenant" of the law [of Moses] in contrast with the "new covenant" of the gospel [of Jesus Christ]. But older than the Mosaic covenant was the "royal covenant" [of Abraham extended through David], which promised stability to the royal house."


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: Christian theologian John F. Walvoord maintains that the Davidic covenant deserves an important place in determining the purposes of God and that its exegesis confirms the doctrine of a future reign of Christ on earth. While Jewish theologians have always held that Jesus did not fulfill the expectations of a Jewish messiah, Dispensational (historically grammatically literal) biblical theologians are almost unanimous that Jesus will fully fulfill the Davidic covenant, the provisions of which Walvoord lists as:


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: The New Covenant is a biblical interpretation originally derived from a phrase in the Book of Jeremiah, in the Hebrew Scriptures. It is often thought of as an eschatological Messianic Age or world to come and is related to the biblical concept of the Kingdom of God.


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: Generally, Christians believe that the New Covenant was instituted at the Last Supper as part of the Eucharist, which in the Gospel of John includes the New Commandment.


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: A connection between the Blood of Christ and the New Covenant is seen in most modern English translations of the New Testament with the saying: "this cup that is poured out for you is the new covenant in my blood".


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: Christians see Jesus as the mediator of this New Covenant, and that his blood, shed at his crucifixion is the required blood of the covenant: as with all covenants between God and man described in the Bible, the New Covenant is considered "a bond in blood sovereignly administered by God". It has been theorized that the New Covenant is the Law of Christ as spoken during his Sermon on the Mount.


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: In the Christian context, this New Covenant is associated with the word "'testament"' in the sense of a 'will left after the death of a person', the instructions for the inheritance of property (Latin "testamentum)," the original Greek word used in Scripture being "diatheke" (διαθήκη) which in the Greek context only meant 'will (left after death)' and virtually never 'covenant, alliance'. This fact implies a reinterpreted view of the Old Testament covenant as possessing characteristics of a 'will left after death' in Christian theology and has generated considerable attention from biblical scholars and theologians. The reason is connected with the translation of the Hebrew word for covenant, "brit" (בְּרִית), in the Septuagint: see 'why the word Testament' in the New Testament article.


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: The Mosaic covenant is referred to in a number of places in the Quran as a reminder for the Jews, of whom two tribes inhabited Medina at the time of Muhammad. The verses also mention particular commandments of the Decalogue and, in God's words, admonishes the Jews for being insolent about it and displaying violence against the prophets - a group of them they called liars, and other prophets among them they killed - even though they agreed to keep them at the time the covenant was made.


title: Covenant (biblical)

text: The Quran also states how God cursed the Children of Israel and made them suffer for breaking the covenant while also mentioning other covenants such a prophetic covenant with the Israelites in , the Noahic and Abrahamic covenants in , and in and a covenant made with the followers of Jesus (apparently very different from how Christians interpret it), who likewise failed to observe it following their own desires.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Another World is an American television soap opera that aired on NBC from May 4, 1964, to June 25, 1999. It was created by Irna Phillips along with William J. Bell, and was produced by Procter & Gamble Productions at NBC Studios, 1268 East 14th Street in Brooklyn.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Set in the fictional town of Bay City, the series originally opened with announcer Bill Wolff intoning its epigram, "We do not live in this world alone, but in a thousand other worlds," which Phillips said represented the difference between "the world of events we live in, and the world of feelings and dreams that we strive for." "Another World" focused less on the conventional drama of domestic life as seen in other soap operas, and more on exotic melodrama between families of different classes and philosophies.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: In 1964, "Another World" was the first soap opera to talk about abortion when such subjects were taboo. It was the first soap opera to do a crossover, with the character of Mike Bauer from "Guiding Light", which was also created by Irna Phillips, coming from Springfield to Bay City. It was also the first to expand to one hour, then to ninety minutes, and then back to an hour. It was the first soap opera to launch two spin-offs, "Somerset" and "Texas", as well as an indirect one, "Lovers and Friends", which would be renamed "For Richer, For Poorer". "Another World" was also the second soap opera with a theme song to chart on the "Billboard" record charts, "(You Take Me Away To) Another World" by Crystal Gayle and Gary Morris, in 1987.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: On April 12, 1999, NBC announced it was canceling "Another World" with its final episode on the network airing on June 25, 1999. NBC replaced "Another World" with another soap opera, "Passions", on July 5, 1999.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: In 1963, NBC approached PGP about Irna Phillips creating a new serial for them. She decided to base it on the concept of living not only in the real life, but simultaneously living in an alternate world of hopes and desires. Attorney Mitchell Dru (played by Geoffrey Lumb), who had previously been a character on "As the World Turns," became a character on "Another World" during the early years of the program (1964-1971). Two characters from another CBS soap opera, "The Guiding Light"—attorney Mike Bauer and his daughter Hope—did cross over in 1966, remaining for a year before returning to "The Guiding Light". Expectations were so high that "Another World" had six weeks of commercial time sold in advance.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: On November 22, 1963, a group of executives (including Executive producer Allen M. Potter and director Tom Donovan) met at the VMLY&R ad agency in New York to discuss the show's opening story, the death of William Matthews, when they heard the news of another death in Dallas: the assassination of President Kennedy.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: After opening with a death in the core Matthews family, Irna planned to follow up with an out-of-wedlock pregnancy, a septic abortion, a shooting, and murder trial. As Allen M. Potter explained, "Irna just didn't want to take a chance on waiting for the ratings. She felt that with this kind of showy story she could build an audience more quickly." Said Tom Donovan, "In construction, Irna was attempting to follow the structure of "As the World Turns". Irna would never conceive of a story not based on a family."


title: Another World (TV series)

text: The first episode was the aftermath of the funeral of wealthy William Matthews. His widow Liz (Audra Lindley) did not like his working-class brother Jim (Leon Janney and later Shepperd Strudwick) or his family. The fights between upper-class Liz and her middle-class in-laws started the show. As the '60s went on, the lives and loves of Jim's children Russ (Sam Groom), Alice (Jacqueline Courtney) and Pat (Susan Trustman) took center stage. Jim's wife Mary (Virginia Dwyer) usually intervened when there was a crisis, which was most of the time.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: There was considerable turnover in the cast during the first year of the series. Sarah Cunningham (Liz Matthews), John Beal (Jim Matthews) and Fran Sharon (Susan Matthews) were all quickly replaced within the first few weeks of the show. By June, Joey Trent (Russ Matthews) and Vera Allen (Grandma Matthews) were written out. By November, Leon Janney (Jim Matthews) was replaced by Shepperd Strudwick and Roni Dengel (Susan Matthews) was written out.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: In the first year, the show had a controversial storyline involving Pat having an illegal abortion after becoming pregnant. This was the first time that American television had covered the subject. In the story, the abortion made her sterile, and the shock from the news caused her to find her ex-boyfriend, Tom Baxter (Nicholas Pryor), and shoot him in cold blood. Pat was eventually brought to trial and acquitted. She then fell in love with and married her lawyer, John Randolph (Michael M. Ryan). Trustman left the role of Pat in 1967 and was replaced by Beverly Penberthy.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Another notable early storyline revolved around the star-crossed romance of Bill Matthews (Joseph Gallison) and Melissa Palmer (Carol Roux). Liz did not consider Melissa good enough for her son and was constantly interfering in their relationship. After many trials and hardships, Bill and Melissa were finally married, but their happiness was short-lived when Bill drowned in a boating accident.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: After a one-year run NBC was expected to cancel the program but instead, former soap opera actor James Lipton was hired to write the show. His ideas included bringing underused members of the Matthews family (Jim, Mary, and Alice) into the forefront and introducing the Gregory family; however, the Gregory family came and went fairly quickly. Agnes Nixon, then-head writer of "The Guiding Light", was hired after Lipton's departure to write for the program.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: In 1967, Nixon created the show's most iconic character: Rachel Davis (Robin Strasser). Rachel was raised by her single mother, Ada (Constance Ford), who provided a good foil for Rachel. Down-to-earth Ada could sit in her kitchen on Bowman Street and be perfectly content with her life. Rachel on the other hand was a schemer, determined to escape her impoverished background even if it meant resorting to underhanded means.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Rachel thought she had hit the jackpot when she married Russ Matthews, but then she met wealthy businessman Steve Frame (George Reinholt). Originally from Chadwell, Oklahoma, Steve had also grown up poor and he bonded with Rachel over their respective pasts, but it was Rachel's sister-in-law, Alice, who stole Steve's heart. Alice was sophisticated, shy, and demure — everything Rachel was not. One night, after an argument with Alice, Steve slept with Rachel. Steve and Alice were to marry in 1969, but it was called off when Rachel crashed their engagement party with the news that she was carrying Steve's child. She later gave birth to a son named Jamie and, for a time, passed him off as Russ's son. The truth about Jamie's paternity eventually came out, ending Rachel's marriage to Russ.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: The love triangle involving Steve, Alice, and Rachel took "Another World" to the top of the ratings. In June 1970, Alice went to live in France after suffering a breakdown. In her absence, Steve and Rachel bonded yet again, this time over their son, Jamie. Alice eventually returned and reunited with Steve. The star-crossed lovers finally married.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: When Robert Cenedella stepped down as head writer in 1971, sponsor Procter & Gamble hired a newcomer, playwright Harding Lemay, to write the program. Lemay's screenplays took the form of tragic plays, as they were carried out in five dramatic acts. Many people consider Lemay's tenure the Golden Age of "Another World".


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Victoria Wyndham took over the role of Rachel from Robin Strasser in 1972 and remained in the role until the end of the show's run. Rachel was thoroughly convinced Jamie (Robert Doran) would be instrumental in breaking up the Frame marriage and snagging her Steve once and for all. She enlisted the help of her drifter father, Gerald (Walter Mathews), who tricked Alice into finding Steve and Rachel in a compromising position. Alice filed for divorce and left town again. Fed up with Alice's wavering ways and feeling a duty to have more of a role in his son's life, Steve married Rachel.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Steve tried to settle into his new life with Rachel and Jamie, but Alice was always on his mind. When Alice returned to Bay City, she exposed Rachel and Gerald's scheme. Steve divorced Rachel and reunited with Alice. Steve was charged with bribing Rachael's father after Gerald Davis lied in court that Steve offered him a bribe to help him get a divorce from Rachel, and Steve was sentenced to prison. The day before he began his sentence, Steve and Alice married for the second time (on "AW"'s tenth-anniversary telecast). Rachel continued to scheme, even trying to evict Alice from the house Steve had given her, causing Alice to have another mental breakdown. The triangle finally ended when Steve was supposedly killed in a helicopter crash in Australia.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: As the show rose higher in the ratings, NBC brass wished to expand the show to an hour; the first regularly scheduled hour-long episode was telecast on January 6, 1975.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Rachel began a new chapter in her life and stopped being the conniving troublemaker she had been for years. Lemay and actress Victoria Wyndham wanted to explore a portrayal of Rachel with more facets to her character beyond a one-note villainess, the "black" to "white," good Alice.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Rachel's redemption came into focus when she met wealthy publisher, Mac Cory (Douglass Watson). Originally, Mac was intended to be a love interest for Liz Matthews, but Lemay noticed the chemistry between Watson and Wyndham and wrote a love story for them. Fearing backlash from viewers who may have found an older man-younger woman relationship tasteless, Lemay penned a number of chance encounters for the two characters, which allowed the characters to get to know each other through innocent yet intimate conversations.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Mac and Rachel were married on Valentine's Day 1975. Mac accepted Jamie as his own child, but the same could not be said for Mac's daughter, Iris Carrington (Beverlee McKinsey). Iris was a glamorous socialite who had left her husband Eliot (James Douglas), and their son Dennis (Mike Hammett) to go jet-setting. She was insanely jealous and resented Rachel, who she saw as beneath her family. The drama produced by Iris interfering in Mac and Rachel's marriage was the catalyst for the show for the rest of the '70s. Iris pulled numerous schemes to drive Rachel and Mac apart, even ignoring Rachel's pleas for help when she was having a miscarriage. This was the final straw for Mac and he disowned Iris. After the birth of Mac and Rachel's daughter, Amanda (Nicole Catalanotto), it was revealed that Iris was adopted, which devastated her.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: The presence of the Cory maid, Louise Goddard (Anne Meacham), provided comedic relief in otherwise dramatic storylines. Louise also served as a stern confidante and a sometime voice of reason for the Cory family.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Many Frame family members moved to Bay City from Chadwell, Oklahoma. Sharlene Frame (Laurie Heineman) married Russ (now played by David Bailey), who physically abused her. Willis Frame (John Fitzpatrick) fell in love with Angie Perrini (Toni Kalem). Angie later married Willis's brother, Vince (Jay Morran) while Willis married Gwen Parrish (Dorothy Lyman). Willis and Angie had an affair, but, after suffering miscarriage, Angie left town. After Steve's death, Alice became a backburner character for the first time in eleven years, in tune with Lemay's wish that Jacqueline Courtney leave the show. Recast with Susan Harney, Alice became a registered nurse, and adopted an orphaned girl named Sally (Cathy Greene).


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Claxton, Wyoming native Blaine Ewing (Laura Malone) arrived in town to continue the summer romance she had with Jamie (now played by Tim Holcomb). Jamie and Blaine later married, much to Rachel's disapproval. Blaine's brother, Larry (Rick Porter), became a police officer and married Clarice Hobson (Gail Brown).


title: Another World (TV series)

text: For many years, John and Pat had been one of Bay City's most stable couples and loving parents to their twins, Michael (Lionel Johnston) and Marianne (Ariana Chase). However, they began experiencing marital problems and divorced. John went on to marry the maniacal Olive Gordon (Jennifer Leak). Olive committed a reign of terror on John and his family: she cheated on John with Evan Webster (Barry Jenner), blackmailed Marianne to leave town, and ruined Michael's marriage to Molly Ordway (Rolanda Mendelle), among other misdeeds. Believing John was cheating on her with Alice, Olive decided to murder Alice. The March 6, 1979, episode saw Olive set a building on fire with Alice trapped inside. John rescued Alice and was killed in the process.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: The sensational, special effects-laden episode coincided with the move to 90-minute episodes each weekday. The details of the episode were meant to be kept secret from the press, but they were leaked a month before the scenes aired. Both "Guiding Light" and "The Edge of Night" decided to counteract with their own shocking episodes to air in the same time slot: the rape of Holly Thorpe by her husband Roger ("Guding Light") and the shocking murder storyline of Wade Meecham ("The Edge of Night"), respectively. The reason for the change was because the ratings for "Another World" had gone to #1 in 1978 and, in order to keep the top spot, executive producer, Paul Rauch, pitched the idea to NBC to make the show longer. The change prompted Lemay to quit after eight years, citing overwork.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: At first, the ratings got a slight boost, but most viewers did not like the change to longer episodes. The episode duration opened up space for many new characters to be introduced, but most of them did not catch on with the audience. The soap opera also started facing strong competition from ABC's "General Hospital" which enjoyed a significant resurgence in the ratings starting around mid-1978 under the direction of Gloria Monty with its action-packed and youth-oriented storylines.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: In the final months of the 90-minute experiment, many characters debuted on "Another World" in storylines that focused on Iris as she planned a move to Houston.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: This fictional move was incorporated in the new spin-off serial, "Texas", which debuted on August 4, 1980. The initial concept was for a show set in the Antebellum South entitled "Reunion", but NBC wanted something more in line with the hugely successful primetime soap, "Dallas". The show was renamed "Texas" and series producer, Paul Rauch, chose to have it revolve around Iris. Iris initially set out to visit her son, Dennis (now played by Jim Poyner), who had relocated from Bay City to Houston. Within a matter of weeks, Iris became involved with her first love (and Dennis's biological father), Alex Wheeler (Bert Kramer).


title: Another World (TV series)

text: A range of new characters, who had been introduced in the storyline connected to Iris's move, also moved to the new series. To accommodate "Texas", "Another World" went back to 60 minutes, and was moved from 2:30 p.m. to 2:00 p, m. Two million viewers defected from the show, partly due to McKinsey's departure, and the time change, which now put "Another World" head to head with sister P&G serial "As the World Turns" and ABC's "One Life to Live". The influx of new characters who then moved to "Texas" also contributed to the audience erosion. As a result, the move to 90-minute installments is generally regarded as a failure.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Mac and Rachel had their own marital troubles, mostly regarding Rachel's decision to work full-time as a sculptress. Mac became close with the editor of "Brava" magazine (a part of Cory Publishing), Janice Frame (Christine Jones), who was also Steve's sister. Rachel and Mac began fighting regularly, which eventually led to a divorce. Janice and Mac married, but she only wanted him for his money. Janice was having an affair with photographer and owner of a popular local nightclub, Mitch Blake (William Gray Espy), and the two plotted to kill Mac and acquire his estate.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: The Mac/Rachel/Janice/Mitch storyline had carried on for a year when it culminated in scenes shot on location shooting in St. Croix. To crack the scheme that Rachel suspected Janice was spearheading, Rachel slept with Mitch, who by then had backed out of Janice's plan. Rachel found Mac in St. Croix just as the poison Janice had given him was taking effect. After stabbing Mitch, who revealed he was on Rachel's side in the end, Janice then engaged in a scuffle involving the same knife with Rachel, with the two women falling into a swimming pool. Only Rachel came out alive, having killed Janice in self-defense.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Weeks later, Rachel was mortified to find out that she was pregnant with Mitch's child, but she still remarried Mac. When Mitch was supposedly murdered by Rachel, she was put on trial. During the trial it came out that Mitch was the father of Rachel's baby, which devastated Mac. Rachel was found guilty and sentenced to eight years in prison. Shortly after, she gave birth to a son named Matthew (Matthew Maienczyk). It turned out Mitch was still alive and was suffering from amnesia. Rachel was set free and the future seemed bright for the Cory family, but then Mitch and Rachel began an affair. Rachel decided to start a new life with Mitch and divorced Mac.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Further straining the Cory family was the arrival of Mac's illegitimate son, Sandy Alexander (Christopher Rich). Jamie (now played by Richard Bekins) and Sandy formed a brotherly relationship, but it was damaged when Jamie's scheming wife, Cecile (Nancy Frangione), and Sandy had an affair. Cecile and Sandy married and had a daughter named Maggie (Nicole Schrink). Sandy left Cecile when he realized what kind of woman she was and started a relationship with Blaine Ewing. Mac became engaged to Rachel's former rival Alice Frame (now played by Vana Tribbey), who had returned to Bay City and was serving as his private nurse following a near-fatal gunshot wound.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Steve Frame (now played by David Canary) was "resurrected" in 1981, first masquerading as the mysterious, wealthy Edward Black. It was revealed he was suffering amnesia and had had plastic surgery. Alice (now played by Linda Borgeson) broke off her engagement to Mac and reunited with Steve. Rachel ended her relationship with Mitch and returned to Bay City from San Francisco. Mitch kidnapped Matthew, but luckily he was caught and sent to prison. Rachel and Steve reconnected and, after his relationship with Alice went sour and she left town, they reunited. Sadly, on their wedding day, a car accident claimed Steve's life—this time for good. Rachel was blinded in the accident and Mac helped her recover. They fell in love again and were married in a double wedding in the summer of 1983, along with Sandy and Blaine. In 1984, Alice (once again played by Jacqueline Courtney) returned to Bay City now as a doctor tending to Rachel during her bout with amnesia after being kidnapped by Carl Hutchins (Charles Keating). Courtney's return as the original Alice gave viewers a chance during this time to see the two women


title: Another World (TV series)

text: rehash their past history, clearing the air, settling their differences, and ending the long time rivalry once and for all that carried the show through the 1970's .


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Between 1981 and 1982, almost the entire Matthews family left the canvas: Pat moved to New York City, Marianne (now played by Beth Collins) left to resurrect her marriage to Rick Halloway (Tony Cummings), Russ departed for Seattle, Alice left to attend medical school, and patriarch Jim died (his portrayer, Hugh Marlowe, had died in May 1982). Only Liz, her granddaughter, Julia Shearer (Kyra Sedgwick), and Sally (now played by Jennifer Runyon) remained in Bay City.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: After the departure of the Matthews family, the wealthy Love family was introduced. They were made up of siblings Peter (John Hutton), Donna (Anna Stuart), Nicole (Kim Morgan Greene), and Marley (Ellen Wheeler), who was actually Donna's daughter. Their tyrannical father, Reginald (John Considine), came back from the dead to cause trouble for his children. He had spent the last twenty years living under the alias LaSalle and had a whole other family, a wife, Marissa (Denise Alexander), who was none other than Mary McKinnon suffering from amnesia, and an adopted son, Scott (Hank Cheyne). Drug addict Nicole had a nervous breakdown after accidentally shooting and killing her father's enemy, Jason Frame (Chris Robinson). Jason, who had worked as a stable boy for the Love family, had an affair with Reginald's first wife and had witnessed her murder at Reginald's hands.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Donna had started off as a snobbish troublemaker, a la Iris, but mellowed somewhat when she married the love of her life, stable boy-turned-businessman Michael Hudson (Kale Browne). Michael and Donna had had identical twins, Vicky (also played by Ellen Wheeler) and Marley, when they were teenagers. Unknown to Donna, Vicky was put up for adoption by Reginald and grew up poor in Lassiter, Pennsylvania. Vicky came to town with her nanny, Bridget Connell (Barbara Berjer), and her best friend, Jake McKinnon (Tom Eplin) and they planned to swindle the Love family, but then Jake fell in love with Marley. Vicky eventually bonded with her biological family and Jake married Marley.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Two extremely popular characters were introduced: playboy lawyer, Cass Winthrop (Stephen Schnetzer), and glamorous novelist, Felicia Gallant (Linda Dano). Both became mainstays in Bay City until the end of the show's run.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Felicia fell in love with ex-con, Mitch Blake, and the two had a storybook wedding. A down-to-earth love story came about between troubled Vietnam vet, John Hudson (David Forsyth), and a newly returned Sharlene Frame (now played by Anna Kathryn Holbrook). Jamie (now played by Laurence Lau) and Lisa Grady (Joanna Going) were going to tie the knot, but Vicky (now played by Anne Heche) broke them up when she became pregnant by Jamie. The pairing of Cass and journalist, Kathleen McKinnon (Julie Osburn), also proved extremely popular.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Sally Frame (now played by Mary Page Keller) fell for Blaine and Larry's long-lost half-brother, Catlin Ewing (Thomas Ian Griffith), and ran out on her wedding to David Thatcher (Lewis Arlt) to be with him. When David was murdered, Catlin took the fall thinking Sally had murdered him, but she had not. After going on the run, Catlin was cleared and the pair married. Their marriage was declared invalid when Catlin's presumed-dead wife, Brittany Peterson (Sharon Gabet), arrived in town. Sally (now played by Taylor Miller) and Catlin legally married a year later, even though Catlin knew Brittany was pregnant with his child and was claiming Peter Love (now played by Marcus Smythe) was the father. Sally was tragically killed in a car accident caused by Reginald mere days after her wedding to Catlin.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Police officers M.J. McKinnon (Sally Spencer) and Adam Cory (Ed Fry) fell in love. M.J. desperately tried to hide her past as a high class prostitute in Chicago from Adam. Her secret unfolded when her former pimp and lover, Chad Rollo (Richard Burgi), arrived in town and then a video of M.J. having sex with a mob boss surfaced. Adam ended their engagement and M.J. moved to Minnesota. Later, Adam realized he still loved MJ, Contacted her and they got back together.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: In 1987, the series broke new ground when they introduced Chad's sister, Dawn (Barbara Tyson). Dawn fell in love with Scott, but then she learned she was HIV-positive. She had contracted the virus from a blood transfusion from her prostitute mother. Scott stuck by his girlfriend until Dawn tragically died in his arms. This was the first HIV/AIDS-related storyline to air on a daytime soap opera in the United States.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: The late 1980s saw the two core families of "Another World" fill out the canvas: new generations of the Cory and Matthews families, as well as the return of older characters.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: By 1986, all of the remaining members of the Matthews family had been written out, but the family began to reemerge in the late 1980s when Irene Dailey (Liz Matthews) returned on a recurring basis, David Bailey (Russ Matthews) started making guest appearances, and Allison Hossack came on as Russ's daughter, Olivia. Liz was, as usual, the town busybody, while Russ was stunned to learn he was the father of Sharlene's daughter, Josie Watts (Alexandra Wilson), and Olivia pursued a dancing career.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Mac and Rachel's two youngest children came back as teenagers, Amanda was now played by Sandra Ferguson and Matthew Cory by Matt Crane. Amanda married budding artist, Sam Fowler (Robert Kelker-Kelly), and they had a daughter, Alli (Kerri Ann Darling), initially to Mac's dismay as Sam was Mitch Blake's younger brother. Matthew started a relationship with Josie, much to both of their families' disapproval due to the ugly history between the Corys and the Frames.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Iris (now played by Carmen Duncan) returned to Bay City in 1988. She revealed she was in fact Mac's biological daughter (her birth mother had confessed this on her deathbed). With this knowledge, Iris was more determined than ever to win her beloved "Daddy" over once and for all. Iris claimed she was a changed woman, but it soon became apparent she was up to no good. She set up a dummy corporation called Bennett Publishing, which she ran under the code name "The Chief." Her plan was to use her company to take down Cory Publishing so she could rush in and save it, winning Mac over in the process. Rachel and Donna uncovered the truth, and Iris had to confess all to Mac, who was devastated and left for Maine to ponder the implications.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Throughout the 1980s, the Cory family continued to be fan favorites, but the family's importance on the show was shaken when Mac Cory's portrayer, Douglass Watson, died unexpectedly of a myocardial infarction while on vacation in Arizona on May 1, 1989. At the time of Watson's death, "Another World" was about to celebrate its 25th anniversary, which writers had scripted in the form of a 25th anniversary celebration for "Brava" magazine. The Corys, minus Mac, hosted a gala that featured the return of several veteran characters, including original characters Alice Frame (Jacqueline Courtney) and Pat Randolph (Beverly Penberthy). It also featured a mystical sequence with Rachel coaxed back from near-death by the ghost of her ex-husband Steve (George Reinholt reprising the role), thwarting Janice's attempt to lure Rachel "into the light".


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Watson's death was written into the show with Mac dying of a heart attack off-screen while in Maine. Rachel, her family, and a few returning characters tearfully buried Mac on the June 16, 1989, episode. Without Watson, the show was left without a unifying center and it was up to Victoria Wyndham to fill that void. However, much of the show's focus shifted to Vicky Hudson.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Vicky was the town schemer, very reminiscent of Rachel at her worst back in the 1960s and 70s, while Marley remained the "good" twin. Vicky married Jamie and gave birth to a son named Steven, while Marley reconciled with Jake after they nearly divorced. It soon came out that Jake had a one-night stand with Vicky and might be Steven's father. Jamie turned out to be the father, but both marriages were destroyed. After an intense custody battle, Jamie won full custody of Steven.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: In Mac's will, Iris, Amanda, and Rachel had all been left equal shares of Cory Publishing. Rachel attempted to head the company and counter Iris's continued interference. When the vote for President of Cory Publishing came down, Rachel and Iris were tied. Vicky offered to use her shares to vote for Rachel if she was given custody of Steven, but Rachel turned her down. In an unforgettable moment, Vicky walked into the Cory Publishing boardroom and, to get back at Rachel for rejecting her blackmail, broke the tie by voting for Iris.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: The absence of Mac continued to affect the show as it moved into the new decade. However, some of the show's most popular storylines came about in the 1990s.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: After divorcing Mitch, Felicia was reunited with her old flame, Lucas Castigliano (John Aprea). Lucas hunted Felicia down in an attempt to find their daughter, who turned out to be none other than Felicia's enemy, Lorna Devon (Alicia Coppola). Lorna had gone behind the scenes at Felicia's talk show and switched the live footage with a pornographic videotape that Lucas and Felicia's adoptive daughter, Jenna Norris (Alla Korot), had unwittingly made. Felicia and Lucas ended up repairing their relationship with Lorna, but their time as a family was short-lived when Lucas was murdered. Meanwhile, Jenna found true love with rocker Dean Frame (Ricky Paull Goldin). Their happiness, and Dean's success as a rock star, was chronicled in the nighttime special, "Summer Desire", which also focused on the relationships with Cass and Frankie, Ryan and Vicki, and Paulina and Jake.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Mac's death ushered in the appearance of his illegitimate daughter, Paulina Cantrell (Cali Timmins), who fought to prove her legitimacy as a Cory. Cass Winthrop fell in love with eccentric private investigator Frankie Frame (Alice Barrett) and they married. It was later revealed that Cass's presumed-dead wife Kathleen, was actually alive and in the Witness Protection Program. Cass left Frankie for Kathleen, but later realized his mistake and did everything in his power to win Frankie back. Sharlene was diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder and was terrorized by her psychiatrist, Dr. Taylor Benson (Christine Andreas), who was obsessed with John. Sharlene was later presumed dead in a boat explosion engineered by Taylor.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: The 1990 story "Who shot Jake McKinnon?" was one of the biggest storylines the show ever told. After his split from Marley, Jake threw caution to the wind and began scheming his way through Bay City. He blackmailed Iris after she bribed him to prove Paulina was not Mac's daughter, blackmailed Paulina with fake proof that Mac was not her father, and slept with his former mother-in-law, Donna. Donna ended up losing custody of her and Michael's foster son, Mikey, when Stacey Winthrop (Hilary Edson) blackmailed Donna about her one-night-stand with Jake. Marley and Jake reconciled once again, but then she found out that he was in the midst of an affair with Paulina. When Marley dumped Jake, he became enraged and raped her. He was later shot by a mystery assailant.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Jake survived and the list of suspects included Vicky, Marley, Donna, Paulina, and Iris. Marley was charged with Jake's attempted murder, though she was innocent. In order to garner sympathy from the jury, Cass forced a reluctant Marley to reveal the rape on the stand. This made Donna confess to the shooting, though she too was innocent. The perpetrator remained a mystery until Jake awoke from his coma and remembered the night in question: it was none other than Paulina who had shot him! Instead of turning her in, Jake decided to blackmail Paulina in order to use her for his own nefarious purposes, including trying to break up Marley's relationship with Jamie (now played by Russell Todd). Jake eventually forced Paulina to marry him to get his hands on the Cory fortune.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Vicky's romance with kindhearted police officer, Ryan Harrison (Paul Michael Valley), became one of the show's most popular love stories of the '90s. However, Vicky (now played by Jensen Buchanan) ruined her relationship with Ryan when she cheated on him with his brother, Grant (Mark Pinter). Amanda saw her marriage to Sam crash and burn when she had an affair with Janice's son, Evan Frame (Charles Grant). Marley and Jamie's relationship fell apart due to her inability to become pregnant.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Between 1992 and 1993, there was another Matthews family exodus: Olivia left town because she was pregnant by Iris's son, Dennis (now played by Chris Bruno), Liz departed, and Russ made his last appearance.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Despite low ratings, the show was renewed in 1993. The lower rated "Santa Barbara" was given the axe instead. But "Another World"s ratings still were not performing well, becoming the second-lowest rated soap opera on U.S. television at the time (ahead of only ABC's "Loving") after "Santa Barbara"'s cancellation. The odds were not in the show's favor that it would be renewed again.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: When Rachel's beloved mother, Ada Hobson, died, (corresponding with the death of her portrayer, Constance Ford), she needed support more than ever, and she found it in the unlikeliest of persons -- reformed villain Carl Hutchins. The two fell in love and became engaged. Iris did not like this news one bit, and at Rachel and Carl's wedding, she planned to startle Carl by firing blanks at him. Evan (now played by Eric Scott Woods) placed real bullets into Iris's gun, causing Iris to actually end up wounding Carl. She was convicted of the crime and sent to prison.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Matthew Cory developed a May–December romance with his business partner, Donna Hudson. Vicky married Grant, but left him to reunite with Ryan. Vicky later gave birth to Grant's son, Kirkland (Austin and Evan Tennenbaum), and the two fought tooth and nail over the child. Cass and Frankie were finally legally wed and they honeymooned on the Orient Express. Sharlene turned up alive and reunited with John. Jake and Paulina (now played by Judi Evans) beat the odds and fell in love for real, but continued to have a tumultuous relationship.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: The show also covered many social issue storylines, including sexual assault, mental disorder, and alcoholism. When Lorna was raped after a night of heavy drinking, viewers watched as she dealt with the aftermath of her brutal attack. She originally pointed the finger at Morgan Winthrop (Grayson McCouch), but her rapist turned out to be Kyle Barkley (Roger Floyd). Cass and Frankie were devastated when their daughter, Charlie (Lindsay Fabes), became ill. Luckily, she recovered, but Cass had begun acting strangely. He was diagnosed with bipolar disorder, which had been triggered by Charlie's illness. Again, viewers were informed: they learned both the symptoms of the illness and how to treat it by watching Cass see a counselor and start to take medication. Felicia had begun drinking heavily after Lucas's death, but she refused to call herself an alcoholic, and she was furious when her friends staged an intervention. When her adopted daughter, Jenna, had a miscarriage and Felicia was too drunk to help her, she finally admitted she was an alcoholic and found help through Alcoholics Anonymous.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: In early 1995, news at the top signaled a change in executive producer. Jill Farren Phelps, who had won Daytime Emmy Award for her work on "Santa Barbara", was given the job. Phelps would go on to make many controversial decisions. She made several changes to take the show in a more youthful direction. Both cast members over 60, Barbara Berjer (Bridget Connell) and David Hedison (Spencer Harrison), were fired. Even though Matthew and Donna were a popular couple, Phelps insisted the characters be paired with others their own age so they were broken up when Donna cheated with her ex-husband, Michael.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Many other romances began and ended. After years of putting up with Jake's cons, swindles, and lies, Paulina had enough and left him to tie the knot with police officer, Joe Carlino (Joseph Barbara). John and Sharlene's marriage was ruined by John's affair with Felicia. Grant wrecked his marriage to Amanda (now played by Christine Tucci) by cheating on her with Lorna (now played by Robin Christopher). Police trainee Josie (now played by Amy Carlson) fell for her instructor, Gary Sinclair (Timothy Gibbs).


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Rachel gave birth to twins, even though she was in her early fifties. Although the believability of this story was debated by fans, it was a nod back to when her mother, Ada, gave birth to Rachel's sister Nancy late in life. Robert Kelker-Kelly was lured back to the show, but not in his former role of Sam Fowler. Instead, he came on as the mysterious Bobby Reno, a love interest for Vicky. Bobby's backstory became convoluted when his identity was rewritten as a fugitive named Shane Roberts and his former wife, Lila (Lisa Peluso), came to town to reclaim him. Vicky began dating her lifelong friend Jake and they later married.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: In 1995, the show aired one of its most maligned storylines of all-time, which involved show matriarch Rachel Cory Hutchins being kidnapped and then impersonated by an evil doppelgänger countess, Justine Duvalier (also played by Victoria Wyndham). It was panned by the soap press as being worthy of a "Mystery Science Theater 3000" level of ridicule. During the storyline, the show was dealt another major blow when fan favorite Paul Michael Valley was fired and his character, Ryan, was killed off. Fans were relieved when Justine's reign of terror was put to an end when Carl finished her off with a letter opener. Wyndham was quoted as liking the storyline at first, but after it played out, she stated that she wished she had never appeared in it.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: In 1996, budget cuts caused Phelps to institute a serial killer storyline. Phelps decided to kill off one major character and it was originally decided that popular character Donna Hudson would be offed, but massive fan protest caused Phelps to scrap that plan. Phelps then decided to kill off either Frankie Frame or Paulina Carlino. When a focus group responded lukewarm to Frankie but warmer to Paulina, Phelps gave the greenlight to axe Frankie. Frankie was one of the show's most beloved characters and when word got out about her exit, another massive rampage of fan protests arose. Phelps asked then-head writer Margaret DePriest to re-write Frankie's exit so that the character would at least still live. DePriest, eager to satisfy her wish to see Frankie's husband, Cass, return to his former rogue ways, vehemently refused. Frankie was murdered in what many people felt were overly brutal and gruesome scenes.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: After the panned Justine story and the deaths of Ryan and Frankie, "AW" took a serious blow in the ratings. The show continued to decline, which eventually led to its demise.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: On April 12, 1999, as part of a shakeup of the network's daytime and early morning schedules (in which NBC also canceled "NBC News at Sunrise" (with newcomer "Early Today" replacing it as the network's early-morning newscast) and picked up the daytime talk show "Later Today" (a short-lived spinoff of "Today") in exchange for the withdrawal of the talk show "Leeza" (which was renewed for the 1999–2000 season) from the network's schedule), NBC announced that it would not renew "Another World", ending the series' run after 35 years once the show's previous renewal agreement ended that June. Many reasons abounded for "Another World" cancellation, with one of the more notable events occurring in the summer of 1998: the network's San Francisco affiliate at the time, KRON-TV (now a MyNetworkTV affiliate) – at the time one of NBC's highest-rated stations – stopped airing the show altogether, leaving "Days of Our Lives" and "Sunset Beach" as the only NBC soap operas that the station cleared on its schedule, resulting in additional erosion of the program's already below-mediocre ratings. Independent station KICU-TV picked up the show and aired it for the rest of its run, but the series still experienced a steep ratings decline in the Bay Area market as KRON refused to guide viewers to the program's new home.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Another reason behind the cancellation decision was that a new soap opera produced and owned by NBC (through its NBC Studios unit), "Passions", had entered into production and was slated to begin airing on the network in the summer of 1999. To add "Passions" to its daytime schedule, NBC opted to cancel one of its existing serials instead of reclaiming one hour of programming time allocated for syndicated or local programming from its stations, like what happened in January 1997 when the network placed "Sunset Beach" in the 12:00 p.m. timeslot. Rumors abounded that "Days of Our Lives" would be canceled (despite being NBC's highest-rated daytime series), as renewal talks between NBC and Columbia Pictures Television (now Sony Pictures Television) were going poorly at the time (at the same time, there were rumors that ABC would cancel "Port Charles" to make room for "Days of Our Lives" on its schedule). There were also rumors that the low-rated, younger-skewing soap "Sunset Beach" (the lowest-rated of NBC's three daytime serials at the time) would be canceled.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: "Days of Our Lives" was ultimately renewed for five more years (through March 2004) in September 1998, leaving only the fates of "Another World" and "Sunset Beach" up in the air until the following April, when the cancellation of "Another World" was announced. "Sunset Beach" was picked up through the end of 1999 (largely due to its slightly better ratings in the younger demographics) before being canceled itself, with its final episode airing on December 31 of that year.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: The final episode of "Another World" aired on June 25, 1999. The episode revolved around the wedding of Cass and Lila. In the show's final scene, Rachel and Carl happily embraced in the Cory living room, she remarked "All's well that ends well," and, after looking at the pictures of all her loved ones, Rachel went upstairs with Carl. The final image was a still frame of Mac raising a champagne glass in a celebratory toast, before the episode faded to black.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: "Passions" replaced "Another World" on NBC's daytime schedule beginning on July 5, 1999; NBC's daytime coverage of the 1999 Wimbledon Championships aired during the intervening week.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: On January 3, 2000, the show's former NBC studio in Brooklyn became the home to "As the World Turns", which had moved from CBS Broadcast Center.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Several "Another World" characters were moved to "As the World Turns" starting in the summer of 1999, almost immediately after "Another World" ended; this was made possible by the fact that both shows were produced and owned by Procter and Gamble. Lila (Lisa Peluso), Cass (Stephen Schnetzer), Vicky (Jensen Buchanan), Marley (Ellen Wheeler), Donna (Anna Stuart), and Jake (Tom Eplin) all became involved in storylines on "As the World Turns", or at the very least made guest appearances. By 2002, Vicky and Jake had been killed off violently in separate incidents, and the crossover experiment had, for the most part, ended. Schnetzer continued to make occasional appearances, as his character of Cass was used as a "visiting lawyer" in "As the World Turns" trials. The character of Cass also appeared in a few episodes of "Guiding Light" in 2002.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: The show was commemorated in print twice in 1999. "Another World, the 35th Anniversary Celebration", by Julie Poll, was a coffee-table style book chronicling the show's history on- and off-screen. "Another World" was the last of all the long-running soap opera programs of the time to be preserved in this way. The other book was decidedly different; "The Ultimate Another World Trivia Book", by Gerard J. Waggett, listed several juicy tidbits about the show's stars and what happened behind-the-scenes. Many fans have treated Poll's book as they would a high school yearbook by getting "Another World" performers to sign their autographs in the book along with messages of appreciation or thanks for the fans' continued support in watching the program.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: From July 2003 to April 2007, SOAPnet, an ABC channel, started rerunning old "Another World" episodes that originally aired from July 1, 1987, to May 10, 1991. SOAPnet stopped airing reruns of "Another World" to make room on its schedule for reruns of "One Tree Hill" and "The O.C.".


title: Another World (TV series)

text: "The Another World Reunion" aired on SOAPnet on October 24, 2003. Hosted by Linda Dano, the special program reunited fan favorites such as Stephen Schnetzer, Sandra Ferguson, John Aprea, Alicia Coppola, Kale Browne, and Ellen Wheeler. On the special, Dano interviewed the members of the assembled cast, one by one, interspersed with classic "Another World" clips. Before and after commercial breaks, "Another World" trivia questions were posed to the audience at home, and audience members told the viewers at home their favorite "Another World" moments, supplemented with clips from the actual episodes. For example, one viewer said her favorite "Another World" moment was from 1980, in which a pregnant Rachel, on trial for Mitch's murder, was forced to tell Mac that Matthew was Mitch's son and not his. Another viewer cited Ryan marrying Vicky while in Heaven. This special was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class Special in 2004. "The Another World Reunion" was rerun in May 2004 to commemorate "Another World"'s 40th anniversary.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: In 2006, Procter & Gamble began making several of its soap operas available, a few episodes at a time, through America Online's AOL Video service, downloadable free of charge. Reruns of older "Another World" episodes began from August 1, 1980. As of January 2009, Procter & Gamble announced that "Another World" and three other of its cancelled soap operas would no longer be streamed on America Online Video. The notice referred to exploring other options to make the shows available for viewing.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: On July 29, 2008, episodes also became available on the video streaming website Hulu. The episodes begin with the May 10, 1991, episode – the last one that ran on SOAPnet. There were 24 episodes made available initially, with the promise of 3 more each week. As of December 2009, the same episodes seen through Hulu were also available through YouTube. Hulu stopped airing episodes of the soap on October 21, 2010. The last "Another World" episode to air on the site was October 5, 1992.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: TeleNext Media also introduced a new website in April 2009 that continued "Another World". The site was called "Another World Today" (anotherworldtoday.com) and essentially picked up 10 years after "Another World"'s last episode in a blog/fan fiction format. Readers could submit story ideas to help form the story angles and pacing of the so-called 'sequel'. Each webisode came out weekly and the website also showed classic clips of "Another World". By 2011, the site became no longer affiliated with TeleNext Media and was independently run until December 2014, when it stopped publishing new episodes.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: "Another World" started off with the Matthews family as the core family. The Cory family later became the main focus. Other families included the Randolphs, Frames, Hudsons, Loves, Ewings, and Harrisons.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: For most of a 15-year period between 1965 and 1980, "Another World" was NBC's highest-rated soap opera. During that time, NBC ran a 90-minute drama block consisting of "Days of Our Lives", "The Doctors" and "Another World", all of which enjoyed great ratings and critical success before declining at the end of the 1970s.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: "Another World" did not take long to establish itself as NBC's highest-rated daytime drama, although it was still behind the then-dominant CBS lineup which would usually occupy the first six places on the ratings chart. Making its debut at 3 p.m. Eastern/2 Central, "Another World" slowly chipped away at ABC's "General Hospital" and CBS' daytime version of "To Tell the Truth." Its efforts resulted in a swift rise to second place in 1967–1968; the show would remain in the upper end of the ratings chart until 1978. CBS later moved "The Secret Storm," and " Love Is A Many Splendor Things" to 3 p.m. two soap operas that reputedly served as the model


title: Another World (TV series)

text: On March 30, 1970, "Another World" became the first daytime soap to produce a spinoff series, "Somerset", which ran until 1976. For "Somerset"’s first year, the two shows shared the same branding, with the mother show titled "Another World in Bay City" and the daughter show "Another World in Somerset". NBC and Procter and Gamble discontinued this after a year; "Somerset" eventually veered away from "Another World"’s romantic and domestic storylines, developing into more of a crime drama like its sister Procter and Gamble soap opera "The Edge of Night" airing on CBS at the time so title references to one-another were dropped, as were crossover stories.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: With the arrival of Harding Lemay, "Another World" would consolidate its place as not only the most popular and critically acclaimed soap opera on NBC, but one of the highest-rated soap opera of the decade. Between 1973 and 1978, it consistently attained second place in the ratings chart and tied with "As the World Turns" (its Procter and Gamble sister) for first place twice—in the 1973–1974 and 1977–1978 television seasons. The earlier triumph was no mean feat when one considers that CBS put up its star game show "The Price Is Right" against it for two years.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: When the one-hour 10th anniversary special in spring 1974 proved a massive ratings success, NBC and Procter and Gamble made the decision to expand to 60 minutes permanently on January 6, 1975, replacing the original version of the game show "Jeopardy!," in a scheduling shuffle with the in-house-produced "How to Survive a Marriage" moving that show from 3:30 p.m. in between Another World & Somerset to 1:30 p.m. placing it against "As The World Turns" causing that show to be canceled months later. "Another World" became the first serial to broadcast one hour daily, only some six years after the last two 15-minute soaps (CBS' "Search for Tomorrow" and "Guiding Light," also Procter and Gamble shows) had doubled their daily lengths with one show expanding to an hour two years later and the other show moving to NBC 6 years later.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: The show took over the entire 3–4 pm/2-3 Central period, the latter part of which witnessed it beating back, to some degree, CBS' huge "Match Game," then daytime's most popular program. However, starting in 1978, "Another World" began to experience an erosion in ratings caused mainly by the surge in popularity of "General Hospital". "Another World" fell from a first-place tie in 1978 with As The World Turns to eighth in 1979 (a drop from 8.6 to 7.5) but remained NBC's highest-rated daytime drama. Despite the fall in ratings, "Another World" became the first, and thus far only, soap opera to expand to 90 minutes, a move that proved unsuccessful—it remained in eighth place in the 1979–1980 television season.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Although it is widely thought that "Another World" expansion to 90 minutes was a cause of ratings erosion, the decision to expand the show was made at a time when its ratings (and that of NBC's other serials) were already in steady decline. During the period when "Another World" ran daily for 90 minutes it remained NBC's highest-rated soap opera, as it had been for a decade. In the second half of 1980, after the show returned to 60 minutes, "Another World" and fellow NBC serials "Days of our Lives" and, most dramatically, "The Doctors," experienced a collapse in ratings from which NBC's daytime lineup never fully recovered. It would not be until 1983 that both "Days of Our Lives" and "Another World" would recover some of their lost ground.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: It is possible that the 90-minute format was intended to be temporary, with the added time used to prepare a storyline for a spinoff, "Texas" in 1980. Upon its debut, the mother show contracted to 60 minutes again, this time moving to 2/1 Central, where it stayed for the remaining 19 years of its run. "Texas," starring the hugely popular Beverlee McKinsey and attempting to cash in on the "Dallas" craze, while itself not a success, may have caused further erosion of "Another World" viewership, to the point that it was no longer NBC's highest-rated serial, losing that position to "Days of our Lives" (which itself, along with the rest of NBC's daytime lineup, was in serious ratings trouble). "Another World" fell from eighth to as low as 11th in the ratings chart, and by the 1981–1982 television season it sank so low in the Nielsens to 4.7 (a drop of 3.9 points in four seasons). Much like "General Hospital" winning the 3/2 slot for ABC, "One Life to Live" came in strong at 2/1, with CBS attempting to get its new "Capitol" off the ground during that period.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: After five years of sharply declining ratings, "Another World" experienced something of a mini-revival, and for the 1983–1984 television season, the show jumped to ninth place and 5.6 (compared with 10th place and 4.8 in 1983). The ratings increase was attributed to the emergence of the paired Sally Frame (Mary Page Keller, later Taylor Miller) and Catlin Ewing (Thomas Ian Griffith), the addition of Linda Dano as chic romance novelist Felicia Gallant who was brought on to bring an element of glamour to the show, and the return of actress Jacqueline Courtney as Alice Matthews Frame, who had been fired from the show nine years earlier despite being immensely popular with viewers.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: The show remained in ninth place through the decade (occasionally moving up to eighth), pulling in generally stable numbers against "One Life to Live" (which was a big ratings hit at the time) and its Procter and Gamble sister soap opera "As the World Turns." The show received some of its strongest critical acclaim during the 1980s as well. Many soap critics praised the show for keeping its focus on relationships and family crisis. However, like many soap operas at the time, the show did dive into occasional action/crime storylines such as the "Sin Stalker murders" in 1987 as a response to the popularity of the action/adventure oriented serial "General Hospital" during the decade.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: In common with other daytime serials, "Another World" experienced a gradual erosion of viewership but, amazingly enough given its turbulent history, held on to ninth place on the ratings chart from the mid 1980s until the end of its run. While it never showed signs of moving up through this period, it was for the most part never in danger of falling to last place.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: In early 1995, "Another World" was the first daytime soap to eliminate the full-screen closing credits crawl in favor of the one-third screen credits/promo combination. This was implemented by NBC to allow network news and local news outlets to break in with hourly updates on the O. J. Simpson murder case alongside the closing credits. In instances where news updates did not break in, scenes from that day's episode would appear on the left two-thirds of the screen, with the regular closing theme music accompanying it (although the closing theme music was often obscured by voiceover promotional announcements for upcoming NBC programming). The "squeeze credits" trend remained in place on most NBC programs (and quickly spread to other networks) after the Simpson trial concluded; through the end of its run, "Another World" continued the one-third credits format while its daytime stablemate, "Days of Our Lives", barred the network from running its credits in this fashion until 2001.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Between 1974 and 1999, "Another World" won the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series only once (in 1976), a stark contrast to five wins for "The Young and the Restless" and six for "General Hospital" within that time frame.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: The show spawned two spin-offs: "Somerset" (1970–1976) and "Texas" (1980–1982). (In 1970, the two shows were known as "Another World: Bay City" and "Another World: Somerset" before reverting to their unique names.) One primetime special aired in 1992: "".


title: Another World (TV series)

text: A "viewer-directed," text-based continuation of the series called "Another World Today" existed online, initially sanctioned by TeleNext Media, the production arm of Procter & Gamble.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: While individual NBC affiliates had the right to air any show whenever they wished, most of the affiliates (almost all of them, in the earlier days of television) aired the show when it would be transmitted to the network's direct affiliates.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: In the mid-to-late 1990s, when "Another World" was in its final ratings slump, many affiliates swapped "Another World"'s time slot with "Days of Our Lives", which usually aired an hour earlier. Other affiliates transferred "Another World" to their morning schedule. One station, KXAS, aired "Another World" on a different local channel (KXTX) that had a programming and promotion agreement with KXAS, for a time in the late 1990s.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: A number of theme songs were used throughout the run of the series. The most sustained was "(You Take Me Away to) Another World," which was performed by Crystal Gayle and Gary Morris. The song was used from 1987 to 1996.


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Morris's and Gayle's song was only the second daytime serial theme to become a chart hit; released as a country pop single in 1987, it rose to number 4 on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles chart. (The first was "Nadia's Theme" from "The Young and the Restless", which had charted on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1976.)


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Many well-known film and television actors and celebrities appeared on "Another World" early in their careers:


title: Another World (TV series)

text: Others who were dayplayers or extras included: Dan Futterman, Zach Grenier, Melissa Joan Hart, Frankie Muniz,


title: Another World (TV series)

text: "Another World" production left the studio to film exterior scenes several times. Some of these locations included:


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: Kasautii Zindagii Kay () is an Indian drama television series produced by Ekta Kapoor under Balaji Telefilms. It was a reboot of Kapoor's 2001 soap opera with the same name. It aired from 25 September 2018 to 3 October 2020 on Star Plus and starred Parth Samthaan, Erica Fernandes, Hina Khan, Karan Singh Grover, Aamna Sharif and Karan Patel.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: Anurag Basu and Prerna Sharma are twin flames made for each other, yet forced to go through several trials of life to be together.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: Set in Kolkata, the story focuses on Anurag and Prerna who study in the same university. Fate keeps pulling them towards each other and as they get to know one another, they slowly form a bond of trust, understanding and friendship. Prerna starts falling for Anurag.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: Komolika Chaubey is an arrogant, selfish, evil and narcissistic woman. While Anurag realizes his feelings for Prerna, Komolika starts getting obsessed with him. Anurag and Prerna confess their feelings, consummate their relationship, and plan to marry. Seeing them plan a future together, Komolika creates misunderstandings between them. She asks Anurag to marry her in order to save Prerna's house. Compelled and helpless, Anurag agrees. Unaware of the truth, Prerna is left shocked. Dazed, she gets hit by a car and is taken to the hospital, where she is revealed to be pregnant.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: Hurt and rebellious, Prerna enters the Basu house, successfully exposes Komolika and gets her arrested. Komolika escapes prison and returns to kill Prerna, but falls down the terrace and goes missing. Anurag and Prerna happily reunite and get engaged.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: Rishabh Bajaj is a successful, powerful and selfish businessman. He falsely frames Anurag and gets him jailed. Further, he asks Prerna to marry him in exchange for Anurag's freedom. Helpless, she agrees. Heartbroken, Anurag questions Prerna. She lies to him, hoping he moves on but Anurag remains adamant and refuses to give up on their love. Rishabh starts falling for Prerna. Aware of the fact that Prerna loves Anurag, Rishabh tries to kill him. When his daughter Kukki ends up getting hurt while trying to stop Rishabh, he steps back. Anurag and Prerna reunite again.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: Vengeful, Komolika makes a comeback. Prerna reveals her pregnancy to Anurag and the two rejoice as they get ready to marry. Komolika causes Anurag's accident.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: Anurag loses his memory. Komolika fakes an identity and misuses the opportunity to make Anurag and the Basus believe that they got married. Prerna discovers Komolika's identity and decides to expose her but refrains in fear of affecting Anurag's memory. Komolika tries to kill Prerna and her child but fails every time.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: Prerna gives birth to Sneha, Anurag regains his memory. Komolika threatens Anurag to frame Prerna for murder. She asks Anurag to pretend to push her off the bridge. Rishabh, who still has feelings for Prerna, recommends Anurag to follow the plan, hoping to keep the two away. When Anurag refuses, Komolika threatens life long jail for Prerna. Helpless, Anurag agrees and asks Rishabh to promise to save Prerna.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: Anurag pushes Prerna off a bridge and is saved by Rishabh. Komolika then abandons Sneha in an orphanage and bribes a worker to burn it. Reeling from heartbreak and shock, Prerna reaches the orphanage and is devastated to see it on fire. Broken beyond belief, Prerna moves to London with Rishabh.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: Prerna thrives as a successful businesswoman in London while Anurag's business does well in Kolkata. Prerna maintains a formal relation with Rishabh, still detesting Anurag for his betrayal. Anurag hates Komolika and lives in constant guilt. Prerna leaves for Kolkata to avenge her daughter's death. Anurag and Prerna meet an orphan, and feel a powerful connection to her, unaware that she is Sneha.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: Anurag breaks ties with Komolika, reveals the truth to Prerna and shows her the proofs. He explains how he tried to constantly contact her, but was isolated by Rishabh. The two reunite, reminiscing the time they lost, the pain they faced and get remarried. Enraged, Komolika stabs Prerna but ends up wounding Rishabh, when he tries to save Prerna. Rishabh stabs Komolika in return, and kills her. Before dying, Rishabh apologizes to Prerna and Anurag for being selfish and separating them and asks them to take care of Kuki.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: "Kasautii Zindagii Kay" is a reboot of the 2001 series of the same name, which was also produced by Ekta Kapoor under Balaji Telefilms for Star Plus.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: In February 2018, Ekta Kapoor revealed that she was creating a rebooted version of one of her old series stating:


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: On 4 July 2018, Kapoor had a meeting with Star Plus regarding the reboot. On 21 July 2018, she announced the "Kasautii Zindagii Kay" reboot by sharing the teaser of the series.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: In September 2018, Shah Rukh Khan introduced Parth Samthaan and Erica Fernandes as Anurag Basu and Prerna Sharma in the first promo of the series.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: Kapoor revealed that the character Anurag was named after her director friend and the character Prerna was named after her father's friend Prem Chopra's daughter.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: In September 2018, twenty five feet statues of the lead characters Anurag and Prerna were unveiled across ten cities in India by popular actors to promote the series.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: Erica Fernandes was cast to portray Prerna Sharma. Later, Parth Samthaan was confirmed to play Anurag Basu.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: Uday Tikekar, Shubhaavi Choksey, Kali Prasad Mukherjee, Kanupriya Pandit, Pooja Banerjee and Sahil Anand were cast to play prominent roles of Moloy Basu, Mohini Basu, Rajesh Sharma, Veena Sharma, Nivedita Basu and Anupam Sengupta.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: In October 2018, Hina Khan was introduced as Komolika Chaubey. In June 2019, Karan Singh Grover was introduced as Rishabh Bajaj. Initially, Upasana Salunke played Tapur Basu but was soon replaced by Priyal Mahajan, who was again replaced by Aastha Abhay in April 2019 and yet again replaced by Garima Parihar in March 2020.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: In May 2019, Hina Khan took a break from the series. However, in September 2019, Khan confirmed quiting the show and was replaced by Aamna Sharif as Komolika Chaubey in October 2019.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: Namik Paul was supposed to enter the series in April 2019 as Vikrant Sinha. However, he chose the lead role in "Kavach: Maha Shivratri" over "Kasautii". Siddharth Shivpuri was then cast to play Vikrant.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: In January 2020, Paul finally joined the cast, this time as Viraj Bhardwaj. In March 2020, Karan Singh Grover returned to play Rishabh Bajaj after his break. Post his return, the series took an eight-year leap. Various new additions were introduced including Parull Chaudhry, Kunal Thakur, Urfi Javed, Sumaiya Khan, Mridul Das and Minal Mogam.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: In June 2020, when filming was about to resume post the halt owing to the coronavirus pandemic, it was confirmed that Grover will not be returning. On 25 June 2020, Karan Patel was confirmed to be replacing Grover as Rishabh Bajaj. Soon after, Sumaiya Khan was replaced by Tasheen Shah as Sneha Basu. Kunal Thakur, also decided to not return to shoot owing to the pandemic and was replaced by Akash Jagga as Kaushik Basu. Sahil Anand, who played Anupam Sengupta also confirmed not returning post the outbreak. But he decided to return in September 2020 to wrap up the series, which went off air on 3 October 2020.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: Kasautii was mainly filmed in Mumbai in Killick Nixon Studio but certain scenes were shot in Kolkata as the show's storyline was based in West Bengal.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: The promo which featured Shah Rukh Khan introducing Parth Samthaan and Erica Fernandes as Anurag and Prerna was shot at Mumbai's Kelve Railway Station.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: Parth Samthaan, Erica Fernandes, Karan Singh Grover, Pooja Banerjee, Sahil Anand and Tarun Mahilani flew to Zurich in June 2019 to shoot the Switzerland track.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: On 12 July 2020, Parth Samthaan was tested positive for coronavirus and the shooting of the series was halted. The shooting was resumed on 17 July 2020 while the story was tweaked for Samthaan's absence until his return. Erica Fernandes and Aamna Sharif tested negative but were advised to shoot from their respective homes. After a week, Fernandes decided to resume shooting on the sets. On recovering and testing negative, Samthaan quarantined himself for two weeks and returned to shoot on 6 August 2020.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: "Kasautii Zindagii Kay" was supposed to premiere on 10 September 2018, but was postponed to 25 September 2018.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: On 19 March 2020, the shoot of the series was indefinitely halted due to the coronavirus outbreak the airing halted on 23 March 2020 when the remaining episodes were broadcast. After more than three months, the filming of the series was resumed on 27 June 2020. New episodes started airing from 13 July 2020 on Star Plus.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: With a drastic decrease in ratings post the coronavirus outbreak, in September 2020 the series was confirmed to go off air in October 2020.


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: Shweta Kesari from "India Today" said, "Parth Samthaan and Erica Fernandes beautifully fit into the shoes of punctual Anurag and carefree Prerna. The grandeur and magnificence of the show will make your jaw drop. The makers have tried to retain the essence of Kolkata and Bengalis. Overall the show is a complete package of entertainment for soap viewers!"


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: Soumya Srivastava from "Hindustan Times" described the show as "louder and garnish" and said, "The background score is excessive. It plays without reason and way too often. Whether the scene demands it or not, a joyful, somber or a comical tone is always there to force your brain into thinking that this is how you are supposed to feel right now."


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: "Times Now" commented that, "The reboot takes you in the lives of Anurag and Prerna that were part of our every day lives and the first episode is all about nostalgia of the epic Kasautii Zindagii Kay."


title: Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2018 TV series)

text: Priyanka Bansal from "The Quint" stated, "Both Erica Fernandes and Parth Samthaan are new and have huge shoes to fill. More often than not, Erica looks bored and still has a long way to go with her acting skills. The chemistry between Parth and Erica too seems to be lacking. When it comes to production values, it of course shows primarily in the sets. As OTT and royal as they come, they scream money from the rooftops."