title: Ojibwe language

text: Placement of word stress is determined by metrical rules that define a characteristic iambic metrical foot, in which a weak syllable is followed by a strong syllable. A foot consists of a minimum of one syllable and a maximum of two syllables, with each foot containing a maximum of one strong syllable. The structure of the metrical foot defines the domain for relative prominence, in which a strong syllable is assigned stress because it is more prominent than the weak member of the foot. Typically, the strong syllable in the antepenultimate foot is assigned the primary stress.


title: Ojibwe language

text: Strong syllables that do not receive main stress are assigned at least secondary stress. In some dialects, metrically weak (unstressed) vowels at the beginning of a word are frequently lost. In the Ottawa and Eastern Ojibwe dialects, all metrically weak vowels are deleted. For example, "bemisemagak(in)" (airplane(s), in the Southwestern Ojibwe dialect) is stressed as ["be · mse · mgak" ] in the singular but as ["be · mse · mga · kin" ] in the plural. In some other dialects, metrically weak (unstressed) vowels, especially "a" and "i", are reduced to a schwa and depending on the writer, may be transcribed as "i", "e" or "a". For example, "anami'egiizhigad" ["na · m'e · gii · zhgad" ] (Sunday, literally "prayer day") may be transcribed as "anama'egiizhigad" in those dialects.


title: Ojibwe language

text: The general grammatical characteristics of Ojibwe are shared across its dialects. The Ojibwe language is polysynthetic, exhibiting characteristics of synthesis and a high morpheme-to-word ratio. Ojibwe is a head-marking language in which inflectional morphology on nouns and particularly verbs carries significant amounts of grammatical information.


title: Ojibwe language

text: Word classes include nouns, verbs, grammatical particles, pronouns, preverbs, and prenouns. Preferred word orders in a simple transitive sentence are verb-initial, such as verb–object–subject and verb–subject–object. While verb-final orders are dispreferred, all logically possible orders are attested.


title: Ojibwe language

text: Complex inflectional and derivational morphology play a central role in Ojibwe grammar. Noun inflection and particularly verb inflection indicate a wide variety of grammatical information, realized through the use of prefixes and suffixes added to word stems. Grammatical characteristics include the following:


title: Ojibwe language

text: There is a distinction between two different types of third person: the "proximate" (the third person deemed more important or in focus) and the "obviative" (the third person deemed less important or out of focus). Nouns can be singular or plural in number and either animate or inanimate in gender. Separate personal pronouns exist but are used mainly for emphasis; they distinguish inclusive and exclusive first-person plurals.


title: Ojibwe language

text: Verbs, the most complex word class, are inflected for one of three "orders" ("indicative", the default; "conjunct", used for participles and in subordinate clauses; and "imperative", used with commands), as negative or affirmative, and for the person, number, animacy, and proximate/obviative status of both the subject and object as well as for several different "modes" (including the "dubitative" and "preterit") and tenses.


title: Ojibwe language

text: Although it does contain a few loans from English (e.g. "gaapii", "coffee," ) and French (e.g. "mooshwe", "handkerchief" (from "mouchoir"), "ni-tii", "tea" (from "le thé", "the tea")), in general, the Ojibwe language is notable for its relative lack of borrowing from other languages. Instead, speakers far prefer to create words for new concepts from existing vocabulary. For example in Minnesota "Ojibwemowin", "airplane" is "bemisemagak", literally "thing that flies" (from "bimisemagad", "to fly"), and "battery" is "ishkode-makakoons", literally "little fire-box" (from "ishkode", "fire," and "makak", "box"). Even "coffee" is called "makade-mashkikiwaaboo" ("black liquid-medicine") by many speakers, rather than "gaapii". These new words vary from region to region, and occasionally from community to community. For example, in Northwest Ontario "Ojibwemowin", "airplane" is "ombaasijigan", literally "device that gets uplifted by the wind" (from "ombaasin", "to be uplifted by the wind") as opposed to the Minnesota's "bemisemagak".


title: Ojibwe language

text: Like any language dialects spanning vast regions, some words that may have had identical meaning at one time have evolved to have different meanings today. For example, "zhooniyaans" (literally "small[-amount of] money" and used to refer to coins) specifically means "dime" (10-cent piece) in the United States, but a "quarter" (25-cent piece) in Canada, or "desabiwin" (literally "thing to sit upon") means "couch" or "chair" in Canada, but is used to specifically mean a "saddle" in the United States.


title: Ojibwe language

text: Cases like "battery" and "coffee" also demonstrate the often great difference between the literal meanings of the individual morphemes in a word, and the overall meaning of the entire word.


title: Ojibwe language

text: There is no standard writing system used for all Ojibwe dialects. Local alphabets have been developed by adapting the Latin script, usually based on English or French orthography. A syllabic writing system, not related to English or French writing, is used by some Ojibwe speakers in northern Ontario and Manitoba. Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics are based on the French alphabet with letters organized into syllables. It was used primarily by speakers of Fox, Potawatomi, and Winnebago, but there is some indirect evidence of use by speakers of Southwestern Ojibwe.


title: Ojibwe language

text: A widely used Roman character-based writing system is the double vowel system devised by Charles Fiero. Although there is no standard orthography, the double vowel system is used by many Ojibwe language teachers because of its ease of use. A wide range of materials have been published in the system, including a grammar, dictionaries, collections of texts, and pedagogical grammars. In northern Ontario and Manitoba, Ojibwe is most commonly written using the Cree syllabary, a syllabary originally developed by Methodist missionary James Evans around 1840 to write Cree. The syllabic system is based in part on Evans' knowledge of Pitman's shorthand and his prior experience developing a distinctive alphabetic writing system for Ojibwe in southern Ontario.


title: Ojibwe language

text: The double vowel system uses three short vowels, four long vowels, and eighteen consonants, represented with the following Roman letters:


title: Ojibwe language

text: This system is called "double vowel" because the long vowel correspondences to the short vowels , and are written with a doubled value. In this system, the nasal "ny" as a final element is instead written . The allowable consonant clusters are , , , , , , , , , , , and .


title: Ojibwe language

text: The sample text, from the Southwestern Ojibwe dialect, is taken, with permission, from the first four lines of "Niizh Ikwewag" (Two Women), a story told by Earl Nyholm, on Professor Brian Donovan of Bemidji State University's webpage.


title: Ojibwe language

text: An "Ojibway Language and People" app is available for iPhone, iPad, and other iOS devices. The source code is available for others interested in developing their own application for learning a native language.


title: Ojibwe language

text: The Ojibwe People's Dictionary is an online language resource created in collaboration with the University of Minnesota. It is an accessible system that allows users to search in English or Ojibwe and includes voice recordings for many of the 17 000 entries in the collection.


title: Ojibwe language

text: In the late 19th century, the United States federal government started its Native American boarding school initiative, which forced Native American children to relocate to government-run boarding schools in an attempt to "acculturate" them into American society. Often placing children in schools that were considerably far from their home communities, these schools attempted to remove any ties children had to their native culture and limit their ability to visit home. Students were forced to speak English, cut their hair, dress in uniform, practice Christianity, and learn of European culture and history.


title: Ojibwe language

text: Although the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 mandated that the Native American boarding school program should be phased out, the practice of sending youth to these institutions continued into the 1960s and 1970s. Because children were forced to live away from their home communities, many never had the opportunity to hear and use their native language. Thus, this governmental assimilation effort resulted in a widespread loss of language and culture among indigenous communities, including the Ojibwe people.


title: Ojibwe language

text: With the remaining population of native speakers declining as older generations die off, many historians consider now an important point in the language's history that will determine if it will proliferate or become extinct. Ojibwe historian Anton Treuer estimates that there are about 1,000 speakers of Ojibwe left in the United States, most residing in Minnesota on the Red Lake Indian Reservation or in Mille Lacs region. Teacher of the language Keller Paap approximates that most fluent speakers in the United States are over 70 years old, making exposure to spoken Ojibwemowin limited in many communities.


title: Ojibwe language

text: Ojibwe educators and scholars across the region are working with the remaining elders who speak Ojibwemowin, known as the First Speakers, so as to document and learn the language in hopes to preserve it and pass it on to the next generation of speakers. In recent years, historian and Ojibwe professor Anton Treuer has been recording stories told by about 50 different Ojibwe elders in their native language so as to preserve both the language and pieces of knowledge and history. Alongside his current mentor, a Ponemah elder named Eugene Stillday, he writes the recorded stories in both Ojibwe and translated English.


title: Ojibwe language

text: Recently, there has been more of a push toward bringing the Ojibwe language back into more common use, through language classes and programs sponsored by universities, sometimes available to non-students, which are essential to passing on the Ojibwe language. These courses mainly target adults and young adults; however, there are many resources for all age groups, including online games which provide domains for online language use. In the 1980's, The Northern Native-Languages Project was introduced in Ontario to get Indigenous languages such as Ojibwe, to be taught in schools. Years later, the first curriculum was established for the program and it was known as Native Languages 1987. There has also been an increase in published children's literature. The increase in materials published in Ojibwe is essential to increasing the number of speakers. Language revitalization through Ojibwe frameworks also allows for cultural concepts to be conveyed through language.


title: Ojibwe language

text: A 2014 study has indicated that learning Indigenous languages such as Ojibwe in school, helps to learn the language and language structure, however, it does not help grow the use of the language outside of a school setting. The most effective way of promoting language is being surrounded by the language, especially in a familial setting. This is difficult to replicate in schools, which is why speaking Ojibwe with family and in one's home life is important in growing language revitalization.


title: Ojibwe language

text: Research has been done in Ojibwe communities to prove the important role language revitalization has in treating health concerns. The use of language connects a community through shared views and supports the well-being of said community. Researchers found that language and the notion of culture were intertwined together instead of being separate concepts, and the people who regularly practiced their language and culture were often associated with more positive health outcomes, particularly for psychological health and mental well-being.


title: Ojibwe language

text: Despite what they have faced in the American and Canadian Governments' attempt to force Ojibwe into language death through the educational system, many indigenous communities across the Great Lakes region are making efforts towards the Ojibwe language revival by similarly using the school system. Largely inspired by the success of Polynesian languages immersion schools in Hawaii and New Zealand, similar school programs have been starting throughout Minnesota and Wisconsin in recent years. One of the most notable programs—developed by Ojibwe educators Lisa LaRonge and Keller Paap—is that of the Waadookodaading Ojibwe Language Immersion School located on the Lac Courte Orielles Reservation in northern Wisconsin. Most students come from English-speaking homes and are learning Ojibwemowin as their second language. At this school, instructors and elders teach the preschoolers to third graders entirely in the Ojibwe language, so that by the time that students complete kindergarten, they know both English and Ojibwe alphabets and writing systems. In the classroom, students generally first become familiar with the language by hearing and speaking it and then advance to reading and writing it as well. They are taught mathematics, reading, social studies, music, and other typical school subjects through the medium of the Ojibwe language so as to increase student's exposure to Ojibwemowin while providing a well-rounded education. In her research study on Ojibwe immersion schools, Ojibwe scholar and educator Mary Hermes suggests that educating through the Ojibwe language may be more culturally meaningful to communities than simply educating about the culture through English.


title: Ojibwe language

text: The goal, as with many other language immersion schools across the country, is to meet state-mandated standards for curriculum in the native language. This can be a challenge as public education standards are rigorous with curriculum on complex mathematic and scientific concepts occurring at the second and third grade levels. Ojibwe educators at these schools are constantly working with elders so as to design new ways to say lesser-used words in Ojibwe such as “plastic” or “quotient.” Thus, through these school programs, the language is constantly evolving. Because the Ojibwe language is traditionally oral, it is often difficult for educators to find adequate resources to develop the curriculum. Thus, through these school programs, the language is constantly evolving. Additionally, many of these Ojibwe language immersion schools are considering the question as to whether or not they should include English instruction. Some research suggests that learning to write in one’s first language is important prior to learning a second language. Therefore, many schools include some level of English education at certain grade levels.


title: Ojibwe language

text: Along with using the native language, Waadookodaading uses native ways of teaching in its education system. “Ojibwemowin, the Ojibwe language, is a language of action.” Therefore, students are encouraged to learn the language by observing and by doing. For example, each spring the students at Waadookodaading participate in a maple sugar harvest. Older students and elders instruct the younger students on the harvest process, narrating what they are doing in Ojibwemowin as the younger students observe. The younger students are then encouraged to participate as they learn, gathering wood, helping to drill trees, and hauling buckets of sap. Thus, the Ojibwe language is kept alive through indigenous methods of teaching, which emphasizes hands-on experiences, such as the sugar bush harvest. The language is then passed on in a similar manner in which it has been throughout history in that older members of the community—including elders/instructors and older students at the schools—relay their knowledge and experiences to the younger generation.


title: Ojibwe language

text: Another notable program is that of the Niigaane Ojibwemowin Language Immersion School on the Leech Lake Indian Reservation in Minnesota, which teaches kindergarteners to fifth graders. Program director Leslie Harper describes the structure of the school in that each classroom is led by an elder who is fluent in Ojibwemowin paired with a trained instructor who also teaches in the native language. Along with typical school subjects like reading and math, children are also taught indigenous skills such as maple sugar harvesting and archery.


title: Cow Tools

text: "Cow Tools" is a cartoon from Gary Larson's "The Far Side", published in October 1982. It depicts a cow standing in front of a table of bizarre, misshapen implements with the caption "Cow tools". The cartoon confused many readers, who wrote or phoned in seeking an explanation of the joke. In response to the controversy, Larson issued a press release clarifying that the thrust of the cartoon was simply that, if a cow were to make tools, they would "lack something in sophistication". It has been described as "arguably the most loathed "Far Side" strip ever" while also becoming a popular Internet meme.


title: Cow Tools

text: The single panel cartoon depicts a cow standing on its hind legs at a table, on which four oddly-shaped objects are placed. One object resembles a crude hand saw, while the others are more abstract. The caption simply reads "Cow tools".


title: Cow Tools

text: Immediately upon the cartoon's publication, Chronicle Features, which syndicated "The Far Side", was inundated with queries from readers and newspaper editors seeking an explanation of the cartoon. According to the general manager of Chronicle Features, "the phone never stopped ringing for two days." Larson himself received hundreds of letters about "Cow Tools", some of which were reprinted in the 1989 anthology "The Prehistory of The Far Side". In one letter, a reader from Texas wrote that they had shown the cartoon to "40-odd professionals with doctoral degrees", and none could understand it.


title: Cow Tools

text: Reflecting on the cartoon's reception, Larson suggested he had erred in making one of the tools resemble a crude saw, which misled many readers into believing that to understand the cartoon's message, they needed to decipher the identities of the other three tools.


title: Cow Tools

text: The cartoon was intended to be an exercise in silliness. While I have never met a cow who could make tools, I felt sure that if I did, they (the tools) would lack something in sophistication and resemble the sorry specimens shown in this cartoon.


title: Cow Tools

text: I regret that my fondness for cows, combined with an overactive imagination, may have carried me beyond what is comprehensible to the average "Far Side" reader.


title: Cow Tools

text: Years later, in "The Prehistory of the Far Side," Larson further explained that he was inspired by the idea that tool use was the characteristic that separated mankind from the rest of the animal kingdom.


title: Betika

text: Betika is a sports betting platform with operations in Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia, DRC, Ghana, Nigeria, Mozambique, Zambia and Malawi. Betika has a number of products including Sportsbook Betting, Casino, Virtual Games and E-Sports Betting Betika has set the minimum bet at only Kshs 1. The coupon winnings cannot exceed Kshs 500,000.


title: Betika

text: Betika has invested in promotion of the sporting culture and talent development among the youth through its initiative dubbed Betika Na Community. The initiative provides support to grassroot sports by providing kits, sports equipment and financial support to local teams in Kenya. The company through the Betika Na Community initiative has also facilitated professional sports tournaments in different counties and aims to reach all the 47 counties in the country. Local artists are given a platform to showcase their talents during the tournaments, giving them some income and exposure that they need to grow.


title: Leonard v. Pepsico, Inc.

text: Leonard v. Pepsico, Inc., 88 F. Supp. 2d 116, (S.D.N.Y. 1999), aff'd 210 F.3d 88 (2d Cir. 2000), more widely known as the Pepsi Points case, is an American contract law case regarding offer and acceptance. The case was tried in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York in 1999; its judgement was written by Kimba Wood.


title: Leonard v. Pepsico, Inc.

text: In 1996, PepsiCo began a promotional loyalty program, where customers could earn Pepsi Points; these points could, in turn, be traded for physical items. A television commercial for the loyalty program displayed the commercial's protagonist flying an AV-8 Harrier II Harrier jet to school, valued at $37.4 million at the time, which could be redeemed for 7,000,000 Pepsi Points. The plaintiff, John Leonard, discovered a loophole in the promotion, allowing him to purchase Pepsi Points at 10¢ per point. Leonard promptly delivered a check for $700,008.50 to PepsiCo, attempting to purchase the jet. PepsiCo initially refuted Leonard's offer, citing the humorous nature of the offer in the advertisement. Leonard then sued PepsiCo, Inc. in an effort to enforce the offer and acceptance perceived by Leonard to be made in the advertisement. In her judgement, Wood sided with PepsiCo, noting the frivolous and improbable nature of landing a fighter jet in a school zone that was portrayed by the protagonist. PepsiCo would re-release the advertisement, valuing the jet at 700,000,000 Pepsi Points.


title: Leonard v. Pepsico, Inc.

text: In the mid-1990s, Pepsi faced competition from Coca-Cola, and sought to attract a younger audience. In March 1996, Pepsi began the Pepsi Stuff promotional campaign, allowing customers to accrue Pepsi Points that could, in turn, be redeemed for items such as T-shirts and leather jackets. These points could be earned through the purchase of Pepsi products, with labels attached to the boxes of such products. The campaign was the largest in Pepsi's history to that point. To advertise the promotion, Pepsi released a series of television commercials; one of these commercials showcased a computer-generated Pepsi-branded AV-8 Harrier II, a Harrier jet manufactured by McDonnell Douglas. The commercial, which offered the jet for 7,000,000 Pepsi Points, caught the attention of John Leonard, a 21-year-old business student. In place of a label, the promotion allowed Pepsi Points to be directly purchased for 10¢ per point, a detail noticed by Leonard, who convinced five investors to lend him a total of $700,000. Leonard sent a check for $700,008.50, and 15 labels, per promotion rules. The offer was refused by Pepsi, who referred to the promotion of the Harrier jet in the commercial as "fanciful" and stated its inclusion was to create a "humorous and entertaining ad".


title: Leonard v. Pepsico, Inc.

text: The claim alleged both breach of contract and fraud. The case was originally brought in Florida, but eventually heard in New York. The defendant, PepsiCo, moved for summary judgment pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56. Among other claims made, Leonard claimed that a federal judge was incapable of deciding on the matter, and that instead the decision had to be made by a jury consisting of members of the "Pepsi Generation" to whom the advertisement would allegedly constitute an offer.


title: Leonard v. Pepsico, Inc.

text: The court, presided over by Judge Kimba Wood, rejected Leonard's claims and denied recovery on several grounds, including:


title: Leonard v. Pepsico, Inc.

text: In justifying its conclusion that the commercial was "evidently done in jest" and that "The notion of traveling to school in a Harrier Jet is an exaggerated adolescent fantasy," the court made several observations regarding the nature and content of the commercial, including:


title: Leonard v. Pepsico, Inc.

text: The decision was appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, which issued a brief, "per curiam" opinion concluding, "We affirm for substantially the reasons stated in Judge Wood's opinion".


title: Leonard v. Pepsico, Inc.

text: Pepsi never cashed the check, so there was no case for fraud. Pepsi continued to air the commercial, but it updated the cost of the Harrier Jet to 700 million Pepsi Points and added a clarifying "Just Kidding" disclaimer. The Pentagon stated that the Harrier Jet would not be sold to civilians without "demilitarization", which, in the case of the Harrier, would have included stripping it of its ability to land and take off vertically.


title: Leonard v. Pepsico, Inc.

text: On November 17, 2022, a docuseries about the case titled "Pepsi, Where's My Jet?" was released on Netflix.


title: Celiac plexus

text: The celiac plexus, also known as the solar plexus because of its radiating nerve fibers, is a complex network of nerves located in the abdomen, near where the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and renal arteries branch from the abdominal aorta. It is behind the stomach and the omental bursa, and in front of the crura of the diaphragm, on the level of the first lumbar vertebra.


title: Celiac plexus

text: The plexus is formed in part by the greater and lesser splanchnic nerves of both sides, and fibers from the anterior and posterior vagal trunks.


title: Celiac plexus

text: The celiac plexus proper consists of the celiac ganglia with a network of interconnecting fibers. The aorticorenal ganglia are often considered to be part of the celiac ganglia, and thus, part of the plexus.


title: Celiac plexus

text: The celiac plexus is often popularly referred to as the solar plexus. In the context of sparring or injury, a strike to the region of the stomach around the celiac plexus is commonly called a blow "to the solar plexus". In this case it is not the celiac plexus itself being referred to, but rather the region around it. A blow to this region may cause the diaphragm to spasm, resulting in difficulty in breathing—a sensation commonly known as "getting the wind knocked out of you". It may also affect the celiac plexus itself, which can cause great pain and interfere with the functioning of the viscera.


title: Celiac plexus

text: A celiac plexus block by means of fluoroscopically guided injection is sometimes used to treat intractable pain from cancers such as pancreatic cancer. Such a block may be performed by pain management specialists and radiologists, with CT scans for guidance.


title: Sumona Chakravarti

text: Sumona Chakravarti (born 24 June 1988) is an Indian film and television actress. She is well known for her roles in "Bade Achhe Lagte Hain", "Comedy Nights With Kapil" and "The Kapil Sharma Show".


title: Sumona Chakravarti

text: She began her acting career at the age of 11 through Aamir Khan and Manisha Koirala starrer "Mann" in the year 1999. In the next few years she did quite a few television shows but her big breakthrough happened in 2011 when she played the role of Natasha in "Bade Achhe Lagte Hain", a television show produced by Balaji Telefilms.


title: Sumona Chakravarti

text: In the following year she participated in the comedy show "Kahani Comedy Circus Ki" on Sony TV with Kapil Sharma and the duo emerged as the winners of the show. From there on began her professional partnership with Kapil Sharma that is still going on. From June 2013 to January 2016 she was seen as Manju Sharma in Comedy Nights with Kapil where she played the role of Kapil Sharma's wife. In 2016, she came back to the screen with Sony TV's The Kapil Sharma Show which she was seen playing the role of Sarla Gulati, a girl deeply in love with her neighbour Kapil. The show came back with its second season in 2018 where she is playing the role of Bhuri.


title: Sumona Chakravarti

text: In between all this Sumona Chakravarti has also done two travel shows namely "Dubai Diaries" and "Swiss Made Advetures" both on NDTV Good Times. While she was the host in "Dubai Diaries", she went in as a participant seeking the adventurous side of Switzerland in "Swiss Made Adventures".


title: Sumona Chakravarti

text: Sumona Chakravarti was awarded with the Yash Bharti Award on 27 October 2016 by the Government of Uttar Pradesh.


title: FTSE 250 Index

text: The FTSE 250 Index ( "Footsie") is a capitalisation-weighted index consisting of the 101st to the 350th largest companies listed on the London Stock Exchange. Promotions and demotions to and from the index occur quarterly in March, June, September, and December. The Index is calculated in real-time and published every minute.


title: FTSE 250 Index

text: Related indices are the FTSE 100 Index (which lists the largest 100 companies), the FTSE 350 Index (which combines the FTSE 100 and 250), the FTSE SmallCap Index and the FTSE All-Share Index (an aggregation of the FTSE 100 Index, the FTSE 250 Index and the FTSE SmallCap Index).


title: Front-end web development

text: Front-end web development is the development of the graphical user interface of a website, through the use of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, so that users can view and interact with that website.


title: Front-end web development

text: There are several tools and platforms, such as WordPress, Joomla, and Drupal, available that can be used to develop the front end of a website.


title: Front-end web development

text: HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the backbone of any website development process, without which a web page does not exist. Hypertext means that text has links, termed hyperlinks, embedded in it. When a user clicks on a word or a phrase that has a hyperlink, it will bring another web-page. A markup language indicates text can be turned into images, tables, links, and other representations. It is the HTML code that provides an overall framework of how the site will look. HTML was developed by Tim Berners-Lee. The latest version of HTML is called HTML5 and was published on October 28, 2014 by the W3C recommendation. This version contains new and efficient ways of handling elements such as video and audio files.


title: Front-end web development

text: Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) controls the presentation aspect of the site and allows your site to have its own unique look. It does this by maintaining style sheets that sit on top of other style rules and are triggered based on other inputs, such as device screen size and resolution. The CSS can be added externally, internally, or embedded in the HTML tags.


title: Front-end web development

text: JavaScript is an event-based imperative programming language (as opposed to HTML's declarative language model) that is used to transform a static HTML page into a dynamic interface. JavaScript code can use the Document Object Model (DOM), provided by the HTML standard, to manipulate a web page in response to events, like user input.


title: Front-end web development

text: Using a technique called AJAX, JavaScript code can also actively retrieve content from the web (independent of the original HTML page retrieval), and also react to server-side events as well, adding a truly dynamic nature to the web page experience.


title: Front-end web development

text: WebAssembly, supported by all the major browsers (i.e. from the major vendors Google, Apple, Mozilla and Microsoft), is the only alternative to JavaScript for running code in web browsers (without the help of plug-ins, such as Flash, Java or Silverlight; all being discontinued, as browsers are dropping plug-in support). Prior to its adoption, there was asm.js (a subset of JavaScript; and thus strictly works in all browsers), that's also used as a compiler target with efficient support in browsers such as Internet Explorer 11; and for such browsers that do not support WebAssembly directly, it can be compiled to asm.js and those browsers supported that way. Generally speaking programmers do not program in WebAssembly (or asm.js) directly, but use languages such as Rust, C or C++ or in theory any language, that compile to it.


title: Front-end web development

text: The developer of the front end keeps these points in mind, utilizing available tools and techniques to reach this end.


title: Front-end web development

text: With continuing development for mobile devices, such as smart phones and tablets, designers need to ensure that their site comes up correctly in browsers on all devices. This can be done by creating a responsive web design using stylesheets in CSS.


title: Front-end web development

text: Performance goals are chiefly concerned with render time, manipulating the HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to ensure that the site opens up quickly.


title: Sevendust

text: Sevendust is an American rock band from Atlanta, Georgia, formed in 1994 by bassist Vince Hornsby, drummer Morgan Rose and rhythm guitarist John Connolly. After their first demo, lead vocalist Lajon Witherspoon and lead guitarist Clint Lowery joined the group. Following a few name changes, the members settled on the name Sevendust and released their self-titled debut album on April 15, 1997, which sold only 310 copies in its first week but ultimately achieved gold certification through touring and support from their label, TVT Records.


title: Sevendust

text: Since formation, Sevendust have attained success with three consecutive RIAA gold-certified albums, a Grammy nomination, and have sold millions of records worldwide. The group has released a total of thirteen studio albums, including a reissue of their debut as "Sevendust: Definitive Edition", which contains five new tracks and a DVD.


title: Sevendust

text: In 1994, bassist Vince Hornsby joined drummer Morgan Rose in a band called Snake Nation. John Connolly, a drummer at the time, joined the group as guitarist. They recorded their first demo, but were displeased with the lead vocals and hired Lajon Witherspoon following a yearlong search. Clint Lowery joined the band, and the group renamed themselves Rumblefish.


title: Sevendust

text: Rumblefish were forced to rename themselves after discovering another band with the same name. They chose Crawlspace, and released "My Ruin" on the 1996 compilation album "" through TVT Records. However, the band had to change their name again after another group named Crawlspace sent notice that they wanted $2,500 in exchange for the naming rights. The band members elected to rename themselves Sevendust, inspired by the commercial insecticide brand "Sevin Dust". The song "Rumble Fish" was included on the band's second album, "Home".


title: Sevendust

text: Sevendust released their self-titled debut, with partial production by former Twisted Sister guitarist Jay Jay French, on April 15, 1997, known for its heavy riffs, angry vocals and thrash-like drumming, as in the songs "Black" and "Bitch". "Black" became the opening song for nearly every Sevendust concert until 2004. The debut album also contains the song "My Ruin", from the "Mortal Kombat" soundtrack. "Sevendust" appeared on the "Billboard" 200, remained there for sixteen weeks and peaked at 165 on April 4, 1998. The album went gold on May 19, 1999.


title: Sevendust

text: In 1998, Sevendust performed at Dynamo Open Air (May 29–31) and Ozzfest 1998 (July through August). In the same year they released a compilation called "Live and Loud" which featured live footage of the band's performance of September 16, 1998, at Chicago's Metro.


title: Sevendust

text: On August 24, 1999, they released their second album, "Home". The album peaked at 19 on the "Billboard" 200 and featured Skin from Skunk Anansie and Chino Moreno from Deftones as guest vocalists. The two singles from the album, "Denial" and "Waffle", gave the band moderate chart success, and the latter of which was played on the "Late Night with Conan O'Brien" show. They appeared in Woodstock 1999 and have toured with many bands such as Korn, Staind, Nonpoint, Reveille, Godsmack, Mudvayne, Mushroomhead, Powerman 5000, Creed, Kid Rock, Machine Head, Limp Bizkit, Disturbed, and Metallica. In 1999, they gained European exposure by opening for Skunk Anansie at various shows in Germany. Skin from Skunk Anansie provided guest vocals on the track "Licking Cream" off "Home". They also opened with Kid Rock and Ted Nugent for Metallica on New Year's Eve in 1999 at the Pontiac Silverdome near Detroit, Michigan. They also joined Slipknot, Coal Chamber and other bands on the "Tattoo the Earth Tour" in June 2000. Also in 2000, the song "Fall" was recorded by producer Sylvia Massy in 1998 at Southern Tracks in Atlanta, Georgia. "Fall" appears on the soundtrack to the film "Scream 3".


title: Sevendust

text: In November 2001, the band released their third album, "Animosity". This album went gold and gained the band commercial success thanks to the success of singles "Praise" and "Angel's Son", which peaked at 15 and 11, respectively, on the Mainstream Rock Tracks. In 2002, they covered "Break the Walls Down", the theme song for professional wrestler Chris Jericho for the "WWF Forceable Entry" album. The song was never used as an official entry theme for him though. "Angel's Son" was a tribute to Lynn Strait, the lead singer of the band Snot, whom the members of Sevendust were friends with. Strait had died in a car accident in 1998. In addition to being included on "Animosity", the song was included on the compilation album "Strait Up". The band made an appearance on the "Late Show with David Letterman" playing an acoustic version of "Angel's Son" featuring Paul Shaffer on keyboards.


title: Sevendust

text: In the same year Sevendust was seen in the Chris Rock movie "Down to Earth" as a partial clip of "Waffle" is played.


title: Sevendust

text: Another friend of the band, Dave Williams, the lead singer of Drowning Pool, died in 2002. Tragedy would strike again when Lajon Witherspoon's younger brother was shot and killed later that year. Due to his death, Sevendust went on hiatus in 2002.


title: Sevendust

text: In 2003, Sevendust returned with their fourth album, "Seasons". The album debuted at No. 14 in the US, selling around 68,000 copies in its first week. This was one of the band's best received albums and to date features their highest charting single (tied with "Driven"), "Enemy", which peaked at No. 10 on the Mainstream Rock Chart. "Enemy" was made the official theme song for "WWE Unforgiven 2003". Other singles released from the album, "Broken Down" and "Face to Face", met with more moderate success charting at 20 and 22, respectively.


title: Sevendust

text: In 2004, for the first time in the band's career, they released a live album on a CD/DVD double disk package titled "". Both the CD and the DVD include a cover of "Hurt" by Nine Inch Nails which is dedicated to Johnny Cash. This concert showcased a mellower side to the band with an acoustic performance.


title: Sevendust

text: On December 11, 2004, after playing a show in Columbus, Ohio, it was announced that Clint Lowery had left the band mid-tour, because he wanted to play with his brother Corey Lowery in his new band Dark New Day, who had reportedly just signed with Warner Bros. Records. A temporary guitarist was found for the rest of the dates, and Lowery was eventually replaced by Sonny Mayo (from Snot and Amen). At roughly the same time, Sevendust and TVT Records parted ways.


title: Sevendust

text: On October 11, 2005, Sevendust joined forces with good friend Producer/Engineer Shawn Grove and released their fifth studio album, "Next", on the WineDark Records label, distributed by Universal Music. In the process, Sevendust also created their own record label, 7Bros Records. The album was actually recorded in a private house-turned-studio owned by a couple outside of the band's hometown of Atlanta, Georgia, where Creed had recorded the Weathered record. The first radio single off "Next" was the track "Ugly", released to radio August 9, 2005, followed by the music video. The track "Pieces" appeared on the soundtrack for the film "Saw II". "Next" debuted at No. 20 in the US, selling around 37,000 copies in its first week. Not much longer after the release of "Next", Sevendust's former label TVT Records released a greatest hits package for Sevendust, titled "Best of (Chapter One 1997–2004)", the label's final Sevendust release.


title: Sevendust

text: A few months after the October 2005 release date of "Next", though, it became clear that WineDark would not live up to the band's expectations. "I had people come up to me and say, 'When is the record coming out?' And it had already been out for five months", Rose grumbles. "Basically, the main person that was in charge of the whole thing fell off the face of the earth. There were no more cheques coming in, and the money had not been paid in full."


title: Sevendust

text: In early 2006, the band themselves were considered bankrupt. WineDark Records had imploded, leaving them without distribution, tour support, or promised advance payments. The band owed money to crew members and other staffers and had a mounting credit card debt. In April, they expected that a tax refund from the US government would help ease the burden. Then, they found out their accountant hadn't paid their taxes and they owed $120,000 to the government. "We were beyond broke", says drummer and lyricist Morgan Rose. "We had a debt load close to a million dollars, and we were in a position where, no matter how much money we thought we were making, we were still having to pay and pay."


title: Sevendust

text: Sevendust (with Shawn Grove again serving as producer and engineer), released their sixth full-length studio album, entitled "Alpha", on March 6, 2007. The album debuted at No. 14 in the US, the band's highest chart position yet, selling over 42,000 copies of the album in its first week of sale. The disc contained the album's preceding internet track "Deathstar", the Hot Mainstream Rock top 10 smash "Driven" and a further Active Rock radio top 40 hit in the form of "Beg to Differ". Alpha is the band's second album featuring Sonny Mayo on rhythm guitar and the first with him as part of the writing process. Alpha is also the first album by the band to be released under the Warner-affiliated Asylum Records, making Sevendust the first rock band on that label. The band also headlined a 57-date tour from February 8, 2007, to April 28, 2007. Boston heavy metal band Diecast, supergroup Invitro, and modern rock Red accompanied Sevendust on the tour.


title: Sevendust

text: "Retrospective 2", a CD/DVD combo including two previously unreleased studio tracks, live concert footage never before seen, as well as the new music videos for the songs "Beg To Differ", "Ugly", "Pieces", and "Driven", was released on December 11, 2007. The song "The Rim" was released on the Alpha CD but only sold in Target retails stores as exclusive 13th track on the Alpha CD. "Feed" and "Driven" were used in the soundtrack to WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2008.


title: Sevendust

text: Sevendust joined Shawn Grove again, and returned to the studio at the end of November 2007 to finish their 7th studio album, titled "". The record was originally slated for a release of March 4, 2008, but was later pushed back to April 1. The album debuted at No. 19 on the "Billboard" 200 and has appearances from Daughtry frontman Chris Daughtry, Alter Bridge members Myles Kennedy and Mark Tremonti. The first single from "Chapter VII" was "Prodigal Son", which peaked at No. 19 on the mainstream rock chart. The second single was "The Past" and the third "Inside."


title: Sevendust

text: On March 26, 2008, Sevendust announced that Lowery had quit his duties as guitarist for Dark New Day and would be returning to the Sevendust lineup in place of Mayo. On Lowery's return, Rose stated "This was extremely tough considering Sonny is our brother and has been amazing to work with. [Sonny] didn't do anything wrong at all; we just owe it to ourselves and all the folks that grew up with us to put our original band back together."


title: Sevendust

text: In December 2008 Sevendust toured with Black Stone Cherry for a while and then in January 2009, Sevendust geared up to hit the road with Disturbed, as well as multiple shows for US troops in Iraq and Afghanistan in the spring. Sevendust released a very limited-edition box set in November 2008 entitled "Packaged Goods". Each five-disc set is personally autographed by the entire band. The box set includes Sevendust's 2005 release "Next", 2007's "Alpha", 2007's "Retrospective 2" (CD + DVD), and 2008's "Chapter VII: Hope and Sorrow". Before heading into the studio to record their 8th studio album, the band headlined the "End of Summer Scorcher" held & sponsored by 98KUPD in Phoenix, Arizona on September 26, 2009. Along with Sevendust, other notable acts such as Corey Taylor, Five Finger Death Punch, Shadows Fall & Otep performed as well.


title: Sevendust

text: October 2009, Sevendust started recording "Cold Day Memory" in Chicago with producer Johnny K, who has produced other successful rock acts such as Disturbed, Staind, Finger Eleven, and 3 Doors Down. The band launched a newly designed website, promoting the new album. During the recording process the band posted daily videos on their official site and their YouTube channel; with updates on the new album, recording sessions in the studio and recording sessions from their new house. Stepping out of the box from regular recording sessions, they are showing the fans how the album process is done, and every step in the intricate process. On February 6, 2010, the band leaked the song "Forever Dead" on their website. Also "Unraveling" was released through iTunes on March 2. On March 17, the band streamed "Last Breath" on the radio. The following day, "Confessions (Without Faith)" received play time on the radio, as did "The End is Coming." The band released its eighth album, "Cold Day Memory", on April 20, 2010; the 12-song disc marked Sevendust's first studio recording with the band's original line-up since 2003's "Seasons". The first official single, "Unraveling", hit No. 29 on The Rock Songs chart while the CD rocketed to No. 12 on The Billboard 200. The album includes two more singles, "Forever" and "Last Breath", both of which were welcomed by Active Rock radio.


title: Sevendust

text: Sevendust toured with Chevelle, Shinedown, Puddle of Mudd, and 10 Years on the Carnival of Madness during the summer of 2010. The band also re-released their self-titled debut album called "Sevendust: Definitive Edition". The re-release contains five new songs. In November 2010, it was announced that Sevendust would play alongside Disturbed, Korn and In This Moment in the "Music As A Weapon 5" tour. In February and March 2011, Sevendust toured in Australia with Iron Maiden, Slayer, Ill Niño and Stone Sour for the Soundwave Festival On October 16, 2011, the band headlined the second stage on the second day of the inaugural "48 Hours Festival" in Las Vegas, Nevada.


title: Sevendust

text: On June 27, 2012, Sevendust announced that they would enter the studio for their next album on September 5, 2012. They entered Architekt Music studios in Butler, New Jersey with engineer Mike Ferretti. Sevendust has completed recording its ninth album for an early 2013 release. In October 2012 interview, Lowery described the album as "...a basic Sevendust record", stating "There's nothing, like, too completely different than anything we've done before. It's got a darker vibe to it. We've got a good amount of the programming element in there. It's a lot of what we do. it's heavy and it's got its melodic element in it". Additionally, he discussed the possibility of touring in early 2013 with Lacuna Coil.


title: Sevendust

text: Lowery later confirmed the album's title to be "Black Out the Sun" as well. Sevendust announced they will release the album on their own 7Bros. Records label (through Warner Music Group's Independent Label Group) on March 26, 2013. The album's debut single, "Decay" was released to radio and retail outlets on January 22, 2013. Sevendust and Coal Chamber have announced a co-headlining tour around the United States that begins on March 28 and runs through April 28, 2013.


title: Sevendust

text: "Black Out The Sun" is Sevendust's first album to score No. 1 on the Billboard charts, landing number one on the "Top Hard Music Albums" in the first week of its release and is the band's best selling album in its first week of release since 2007's "Alpha". Sevendust later released another single, "Picture Perfect", to rock radio stations.


title: Sevendust

text: The band recorded an acoustic album in early 2014 and will support the album with an acoustic tour. The album was recorded at Architekt Music in Butler, NJ, the same studio where the band's 2013 album Black Out the Sun was recorded. The record, called "Time Travelers & Bonfires", was released on April 15, on 7Bros. Records, in conjunction with ADA Label Services. On April 1, the band hit the road for their first U.S. headlining tour of the year, entitled "An Evening With Sevendust." The album's first single is the acoustic version of Black (acoustic) which was added on radio stations on March 25, 2014. The album sold around 15,000 copies in the United States in its first week of release to debut at position No. 19 on The "Billboard" 200 chart.


title: Sevendust

text: In an April 13, conversation with Metalholic.com, guitarist Clint Lowery said the band hopes to record another acoustic album in about two years and wants to make it part of the Sevendust cycle. He also shared that the band plans to release a live DVD with both standard and acoustic concerts as well as a historical retrospective of the band for an early 2015 release. Guitarist John Connolly confirmed on his Facebook page that the live DVD recording was on hiatus due to business decisions and would likely be something the band would still pursue.


title: Sevendust

text: In February 2015, Sevendust entered the studio to begin recording their new album. It was reported that the band had finished recording their new album in late March 2015. Sevendust titled the new record "Kill the Flaw" which was self-produced and recorded at Architekt Music studio in Butler, New Jersey and was released on October 2, 2015, via 7Bros. Records with ADA/Warner Brothers distribution. The album debuted at No. 13 on the "Billboard" 200 Chart, selling over 21,000 units in the first week of release. On July 24 the band released their new single "Thank You" to various rock radio stations around the US, with its official release of July 27. Sevendust also announced as direct support on the upcoming Godsmack tour, which began on September 23, 2015. The band released lyric video for the song "Not Today" from the album on August 28. Sevendust traveled to Australia and New Zealand in March 2016. The tour marked the band's first trip down under in six years after their slated 2014 Soundwave Festival appearance was controversially cancelled. The band suffered considerable backlash from Australian fans who lay the blame on the band for the last minute cancellation. The song "Thank You" was nominated for Best Metal Performance for the 2016 Grammy Awards. On January 27, 2016, the band announced a U.S. headliner tour with Trivium and Like a Storm as direct support. Sevendust would also embark on another headlining tour of North America including Canadian dates in August.


title: Sevendust

text: On July 6, 2017, guitarist John Connolly posted a live video on the Sevendust Facebook page stating that the band would go into the studio in November 2017 with producer Michael Baskette, with a tentative release in the spring of 2018. Additionally he announced that the band had signed a deal with Rise Records.


title: Sevendust

text: On a podcast, drummer Morgan Rose revealed the name of their 2018 release as "All I See Is War". The album was released on May 11, 2018.


title: Sevendust

text: Sevendust announced that the first single, "Dirty", was premiering on Sirius XM Octane, March 14, 2018.


title: Sevendust

text: "Blood & Stone" was released on October 23, 2020, through Rise Records. The first song to be released off the album, "The Day I Tried to Live", is a tribute to the late singer Chris Cornell's band Soundgarden. It was released on June 26, 2020.


title: Sevendust

text: Sevendust has played genres like heavy metal, alternative metal, nu metal, hard rock, industrial metal, and post-grunge. Guitarist John Connolly was asked what the band defined their genre as. Connolly said: "I don't know. I've been trying to figure that out. It was back in the day. People, for five minutes called us progressive, and then it was nu-metal. Then, all of a sudden, we were playing alternative metal. We are some kind of heavy and some kind of rock and some kind of metal."


title: Sevendust

text: According to AllMusic, Sevendust became one of the rising acts in late 1990s heavy metal with an aggressive blend of bottom-heavy riffs and soulful, accessible melodies. The band's lead singer, Lajon Witherspoon, has been praised for his soulful vocals. Mark Jenkins of Washington Post states, "Witherspoon is more flexible than most heavy-rock vocalists, capable of lilting as convincingly as he growls." Ultimate Guitar mentioned, "He has a fairly distinct voice for metal, which originally helped the band stand out". A major part of the Sevendust sound has always been guitar player Clint Lowery. He is the main contributor to the band's style and sound and is known for his raw melodies and empowering riffs. Lowery incorporates ultra-low baritone tunings, and creative 6-string tunings. Sevendust's influences include Metallica, Anthrax, Testament, Ozzy Osbourne, Pantera, Van Halen, Steve Vai, Iron Maiden, Ronnie James Dio, Nine Inch Nails, and Suicidal Tendencies. Frontman Lajon Witherspoon said he is influenced by "so many" genres of music, "from R&B, to rock, to jazz, and classical." Witherspoon then said he is "influenced by everything."


title: Sevendust

text: Clint Lowery and Morgan Rose started a separate band called Call Me No One. They released an album, "Last Parade" released on June 5, 2012 and have publicly stated that the band will not continue on. John Connolly and bassist Vinnie Hornsby have joined forces with Alter Bridge and Creed drummer Scott Phillips and former Submersed guitarist Eric Friedman to form a separate band called Projected. They released their debut album, "Human", on September 18, 2012, and a follow-up album, "Ignite My Insanity", July 21, 2017. Rose released an EP for his solo project in 2020.


title: Sevendust

text: On September 16, 2010, Sevendust filmed a video for "Falcons on Top", the official theme song of the Atlanta Falcons football team. Written by Joel Wanasek of JTW Studios. The video shoot took place at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta and included an appearance by the Atlanta Falcons cheerleaders.


title: Ram Mandir

text: Ram Mandir is a Hindu temple that is being built in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India, at the site of Ram Janmabhoomi, according to the "Ramayana" the birthplace of Rama, a principal deity of Hinduism. The temple construction is being supervised by the Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra. The ground-breaking ceremony was performed on 5 August 2020 by India’s prime minister Narendra Modi. The temple premises will include temples dedicated to deities Surya, Ganesha, Shiva, Durga, Vishnu and Brahma.


title: Ram Mandir

text: Rama, an incarnation of god Vishnu, is a widely worshiped Hindu deity. According to the ancient Indian epic, Ramayana, Rama was born in Ayodhya. In the 16th century, the Mughals constructed a mosque, the Babri Masjid which is believed to be the site of the Ram Janmabhoomi, said to be birthplace of Rama. A violent dispute arose in the 1850s.


title: Ram Mandir

text: In the 1980s, the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP), belonging to the Hindu nationalist family Sangh Parivar, launched a new movement to reclaim the site for Hindus and to erect a temple dedicated to the infant Rama ("Ram Lalla") at this spot. In November 1989, the VHP laid the foundations of a temple on land adjacent to the disputed mosque. On 6 December 1992, the VHP and the Bharatiya Janata Party organised a rally at the site involving 150,000 volunteers, known as kar sevaks. The rally turned violent, and the crowd overwhelmed the security forces and tore down the mosque.


title: Ram Mandir

text: The demolition resulted in several months of intercommunal rioting between India's Hindu and Muslim communities, causing the death of at least 2,000 people, and triggering riots all over the Indian subcontinent. A day after the demolition of the mosque, on 7 December 1992, The New York Times reported that over 30 Hindu temples across Pakistan were attacked, some set on fire, and one demolished. The government of Pakistan closed school and offices in a day of protest. Hindu temples in Bangladesh were also attacked. Some of these Hindu temples that were partially destroyed during the retaliation of Babri Masjid have since remained that way.


title: Ram Mandir

text: On 5 July 2005, five terrorists attacked the makeshift Ram temple at the site of destroyed Babri Mosque in Ayodhya, India. All five were shot dead in the ensuing gunfight with the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), while one civilian died in the grenade attack that the attackers launched in order to breach the cordoned wall. The CRPF suffered three casualties, two of whom were seriously injured with multiple gunshot wounds.


title: Ram Mandir

text: A 1978 and 2003 archaeological excavation by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) found evidence indicating that Hindu temple remains had existed on the site. Archeologist KK Muhammad accused several historians of undermining the findings. Over the years, various title and legal disputes also took place, such as the passage of the Acquisition of Certain Area at Ayodhya Ordinance, 1993. It was only after the 2019 Supreme Court verdict on Ayodhya dispute that it was decided the disputed land be handed over to a trust formed by the Indian government for the construction of a Ram temple. The trust was eventually formed under the name Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra. Five acres of land was allocated for the mosque 22 km away in the city in Dhannipur village. On 5 February 2020, it was announced in the Parliament that the Narendra Modi government had accepted a plan to construct the temple.


title: Ram Mandir

text: In the 1980s, the VHP collected funds and bricks with "Jai Shree Ram" written on them. Later, the Rajiv Gandhi government gave the VHP permission for (), with the then Home Minister Buta Singh formally conveying the permission to the VHP leader Ashok Singhal. Initially the centre and state governments had agreed upon the conducting of the outside of the disputed site. However, on 9 November 1989, a group of VHP leaders and Sadhus laid the foundation stone by digging a pit adjacent to the disputed land. The () of the sanctum was laid here. Kameshwar Chaupal (a Dalit leader from Bihar) became one of the first people to lay the stone.


title: Ram Mandir

text: "Ram Lalla Virajman", the infant form of Rama, an avatar of Vishnu, is the presiding deity of the temple. Ram Lalla's dress is stitched by tailors Bhagwat Prasad and Shankar Lal; Shankar Lal is a fourth generation tailor to Rama's idol.


title: Ram Mandir

text: Ram Lalla was a litigant in the court case over the disputed site since 1989, being considered a "juristic person" by the law. He was represented by Triloki Nath Pandey, a senior VHP leader who was considered as Ram Lalla's next 'human' friend.


title: Ram Mandir

text: According to the temple trust, the final blueprint includes temples dedicated to Surya, Ganesha, Shiva, Durga, Vishnu and Brahma in the temple premises.


title: Ram Mandir

text: The original design for the Ram temple was prepared in 1988 by the Sompura family of Ahmedabad. The Sompuras have been part of the temple design of over 100 temples all over the world for at least 15 generations, including the Somnath temple. The chief architect of the temple is Chandrakant Sompura. He was assisted by his two sons Nikhil Sompura and Ashish Sompura, who are also architects.


title: Ram Mandir

text: A new design, with some changes from the original, was prepared by the Sompuras in 2020, in accordance with vastu shastra and the shilpa shastras. The temple will be 235 feet wide, 360 feet long and 161 feet high. Once complete, the temple complex will be the world's third largest Hindu shrine. It is designed in the Gujara-Chaulukya style of Northern Indian temple architecture. A model of the proposed temple was showcased during the Prayag Kumbh Mela in 2019.


title: Ram Mandir

text: The main structure of the temple will be built on a raised platform and will have three storeys. It will have five "mandapas" in the middle of the garbhagriha (sanctum sanctorum) and the entry — the three mandapas Kudu, Nritya, and Rang; and two mandapas for the Kirtan and Prarthana on the other side. In Nagara style, the mandapas are to be decorated with shikhara. The tallest Shikhara will be that above the Garbhagriha. The building will have a total of 366 columns. The columns will have 16 idols each to include the incarnations of Shiva, the 10 Dashavataras, the 64 Chausath Yoginis, and the 12 incarnations of the goddess Saraswati. The width of the stairs will be 16 feet. In accordance with scriptures dedicated to the design of temples dedicated to Vishnu, the sanctum sanctorum will be octagonal. The temple will be built in 10 acres and 57 acres of land will be developed into a complex with a prayer hall, a lecture hall, an educational facility and other facilities like a museum and a cafeteria.


title: Ram Mandir

text: The Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra trust began the first phase of construction of the Ram Temple in March 2020. However, the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in India followed by the 2020 China–India skirmishes caused a temporary suspension of the construction. During ground-leveling and excavation of the construction site a "Shivaling", pillars and broken idols were found. On 25 March 2020, Ram's idol was moved to a temporary location in the presence of Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath. In preparation for its construction, the Vishwa Hindu Parishad organised a ' ', in which individuals would gather at different places to chant the Vijay Mahamantra – , on 6 April 2020. This was said to ensure "victory over hurdles" in the construction of the temple.


title: Ram Mandir

text: Larsen & Toubro offered to oversee the design and construction of the temple free of cost and is the contractor of the project. Central Building Research Institute, National Geophysical Research Institute and the Indian Institute of Technology (such as those Bombay, Guwahati and Madras) are assisting in areas such as soil testing, concrete and design. Reports emerged that the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) had identified a stream of the Sarayu which flows under the temple. Tata Consulting Engineers has been designated as a project management consultant


title: Ram Mandir

text: The construction work will be accomplished with 600 thousand cubic feet of sandstone Bansi mountain stones from Rajasthan. Thirty years ago, more than two hundred thousand bricks etched with the 'Sri Rama' in several languages had arrived from various parts of the country; these will be utilized in the foundation. Traditional techniques will be used to create the shrine while at the same time it will be made sure that the shrine will be strong enough to sustain natural calamities such as earthquakes. There will be no use of iron in the construction of the temple. The fusing of the stone blocks will require ten thousand copper plates.


title: Ram Mandir

text: The temple construction officially started again after a Bhoomi Poojan ceremony on 5 August 2020. Three-day long Vedic rituals were held ahead of the ground-breaking ceremony, which revolved around the installation of a 40 kg silver brick as the foundation stone by the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi. On 4 August, the was performed, an invitation to all the major gods and goddesses.


title: Ram Mandir

text: On the occasion of the "," soil and holy-water from several religious places across India, Triveni Sangam of rivers Ganga, Yamuna, Saraswati at Prayagraj, Kaveri river at Talakaveri, Kamakhya Temple in Assam and many others, were collected. Soil was also sent from various Hindu temples, Gurudwaras and Jain Temples across the nation to bless the upcoming temple. Among the many was Sharada Peeth located in Pakistan. Soil was also sent form the four pilgrimage locations of Char Dham. Temples in United States, Canada, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana and Suriname held a virtual service to celebrate the occasion. Rama's image were shown at Times Square. All 7,000 temples in a 7 km radius of Hanumangarhi were also asked to join in the celebrations by lighting diyas. Muslims devotees in Ayodhya who consider Rama as their ancestor also looked forward to the bhoomi-puja. Spiritual leaders from all faiths were invited on the occasion.


title: Ram Mandir

text: On 5 August, Prime Minister Modi first offered prayers at Hanumangarhi to seek blessings of Hanuman for the day's events. Following this the ground breaking and foundation stone laying ceremony of Ram Mandir took place. Yogi Adityanath, Mohan Bhagwat, Nritya Gopal Das and Narendra Modi gave speeches. Modi started his speech with Jai Siya Ram and he went on to urge those in attendance to chant Jai Siya Ram. He stated, "the call of Jai Siya Ram is resonating not only in the city of Lord Ram but throughout the world today" and that "Ram Mandir will become the modern symbol of our traditions". Narendra Modi also paid his respects to the many who had made sacrifices for the Ram temple. Mohan Bhagwat also thanked L. K. Advani for his contributions to the movement to get the temple built. Modi also planted a sapling of Parijat tree (night-flowering jasmine). In front of the deity, Modi performed a , lying completely prone on the ground with hands outstretched in prayer. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, attendees at the temple were limited to 175.


title: Ram Mandir

text: Some priests and religious leaders complained that the ceremony did not follow proper ritual procedures, claiming, among others, that 5 August was not a ritually auspicious date and that the function did not include a havan. In this respect, writer Arundhati Roy, a noted critic of Modi, pointed out that the chosen date marked one year since the revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir, arguing that the decision to schedule the ceremony for 5 August, which she claimed was an inauspicious date with no significance in the Hindu calendar, symbolized the conclusion of a period "in which India under Modi has formally declared itself a Hindu Nation, the dawning of a new era." Among the international community, Pakistan made an official statement through its Pakistan Foreign Office related to the temple. "The Times of India" also reported that post Ram Mandir ground–breaking, Pakistani Hindus fear violence in the same way as what happened in 1992.


title: Ram Mandir

text: Various Indian political leaders hailed the ground-breaking ceremony. While some openly celebrated it, others worded their statements carefully. Many expressed hope in furthering the country's progress by following the ideals of Ram. Soon after the ground-breaking ceremony, residents of Ayodhya expressed hope in improvements of job opportunities and development of the city, through tourism generated by the temple.


title: Ram Mandir

text: In August 2021, a viewing location was created for the public to watch the construction. Following the ground-breaking ceremony, up to 40 feet of debris were removed and the remaining earth compacted. The foundation was made using roller-compacted concrete. A total of 47-48 layers, each layer one feet high, was completed by mid-September 2021. Due to electricity supply issues in Mirzapur, the process for cutting sandstones was slowed down. At the beginning of 2022 a video was released by the temple trust showing the planned construction of the temple in 3D along with other related information.


title: Ram Mandir

text: The temple trust decided to launch a nationwide "mass contact and contribution campaign" aimed at reaching 55-60 crore people. Voluntary donations of and higher will be accepted. On 15 January 2021, President of India Ram Nath Kovind made the first contribution towards the construction of the Ram Mandir by donating . This was followed by several leaders and eminent personalities across the nation. By April 2021, around was collected as donations from across the country. Nearly 1.50 lakh Vishwa Hindu Parishad activists collected funds from all across the nation. The temple trust not only received donations from Hindu devotees but also from several members of Christian and Muslim communities.


title: Ram Mandir

text: A few individuals including former Karnataka Chief Ministers HD Kumaraswamy and Siddaramaiah strongly questioned the manner of collection of funds. Following the inability to collect funds, a Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh affiliated school saw bullying of a headmistress, followed by suspending her, with a similar case in Ballia district. Following allegations of corruption, Tata Consultancy Services was roped in to digitize the accounts.


title: Ram Mandir

text: During the 2021 Delhi Republic Day parade on Rajpath, Uttar Pradesh's tableau showcased a replica of the Ram Mandir. Diwali in 2021 saw small sized replicas of the mandir being constructed.


title: Ram Mandir

text: (Devanagari: , ISO: , ) is an expression in Hindi, translating as "the temple will be built there". It is one of the most popular slogans in relation to Ram Janmabhoomi movement and Ram Mandir used as early as 1985-86, popularized in the 1990s, and has a number of variations. The slogan has been used in both positive and negative connotations. It has been a symbol of hope and it has become a part of festivities on one hand, while on the other it has become a part of standup comedy, jokes and memes. In 2019, the slogan was used in the Parliament of India, and has also been used by media houses. The slogan has been used as a threat as well as a vow.


title: Ram Mandir

text: There are variations of the slogan such as one used by Lal Krishna Advani: "" "("). Other variations and adaptations include "" (), "" (), "" () and "" ().


title: Ram Mandir

text: In 2020, Kangana Ranaut announced plans to direct a film about the Ayodhya dispute titled "Aparajitha Ayodhya", with V. Vijayendra Prasad as the writer; the film would also contain the "Bhoomi Puja".


title: Ram Mandir

text: In October 2021, Salman Khurshid published another book, "Sunrise over Ayodhya: Nationhood in Our Times", which was about the decline of secularism in India over the construction of the Ram Mandir at Ayodhya. The book became controversial among members of the BJP because one of its chapters compared Hindutva to Islamic terrorism.


title: Public service

text: A public service is any service intended to address specific needs pertaining to the aggregate members of a community. Public services are available to people within a government jurisdiction as provided directly through public sector agencies or via public financing to private businesses or voluntary organizations (or even as provided by family households, though terminology may differ depending on context). Other public services are undertaken on behalf of a government's residents or in the interest of its citizens. The term is associated with a social consensus (usually expressed through democratic elections) that certain services should be available to all, regardless of income, physical ability or mental acuity. Examples of such services include the fire brigade, police, air force, and paramedics (see also public service broadcasting).


title: Public service

text: Even where public services are neither publicly provided nor publicly financed, they are usually subject to regulation going beyond that applying to most economic sectors for social and political reasons. Public policy, when made in the public's interest and with its motivations, is a type of public service.


title: Public service

text: In modern developed countries, the term "public services" (or "services of general interest") often includes:


title: Public service

text: Public services can be constructed, coordinated and operated in many ways or forms. They include government agencies, independent state-funded institutes, government-coordinated organizations, civil society, militaries and volunteers.


title: Public service

text: Government agencies are not profit-oriented and their employees are often motivated differently. Studies of their work have found contrasting results including both higher levels of effort and fewer hours of work. A survey in the UK found that private sector hiring managers do not credit government experience as much as private sector experience. Public workers tend to make less in wages when adjusting for education, although that difference is reduced when benefits and hours are included. Public servants have other intangible benefits such as increased job security and high wages.


title: Public service

text: A study concluded that public services are associated with higher human need satisfaction and lower energy requirements while contemporary forms of economic growth are linked with the opposite. Authors find that the contemporary economic system is structurally misaligned with goals of sustainable development and that to date no nation can provide decent living standards at sustainable levels of energy and resource use. They provide analysis about factors in social provisioning and assess that improving beneficial provisioning-factors and infrastructure would allow for sustainable forms of sufficient need satisfaction.


title: Public service

text: A public service may sometimes have the characteristics of a public good (being non-rivalrous and non-excludable), but most are services which may (according to prevailing social norms) be under-provided by the market. In most cases public services are services, i.e. they do not involve manufacturing of goods. They may be provided by local or national monopolies, especially in sectors that are natural monopolies.


title: Public service

text: They may involve outputs that are hard to attribute to specific individual effort or hard to measure in terms of key characteristics such as quality. They often require high levels of training and education. They may attract people with a public service ethos who wish to give something to the wider public or community through their work.


title: Public service

text: The process of assessing the needs of the people of an area, and then designing and securing an appropriate public service to meet those needs, is often referred to in the UK as "commissioning". The commissioned services may be delivered by organisations in the public sector, private sector or third sector: when the private or third sector is involved the process of commissioning will usually be linked with a process of procurement, to determine who will provide the services, at what cost and on what terms. Commissioning is often seen as a cyclical process.


title: Public service

text: Governing bodies have long provided core public services. The tradition of keeping citizens secure through organized military defence dates to at least four thousand years ago.


title: Public service

text: Maintaining order through local delegated authority originated at least as early as the Warring States period (5th to 3rd centuries BCE) in ancient China with the institution of (prefectures) under the control of a centrally appointed prefect. Historical evidence of state provision of dispute resolution through a legal/justice system goes back at least as far as ancient Egypt.


title: Public service

text: A primary public service in ancient history involved ensuring the general favor of the gods through a theologically and ceremonially correct state religion.


title: Public service

text: The widespread provision of public utilities as public services in developed countries usually began in the late nineteenth century, often with the municipal development of gas and water services. Later, governments began to provide other services such as electricity and healthcare. In most developed countries, local or national governments continue to provide such services, the biggest exceptions being the U.S. and the UK, where private provision is arguably proportionally more significant. Nonetheless, such privately provided public services are often strongly regulated, for example (in the US) by Public Utility Commissions.


title: Public service

text: In developing countries, public services tend to be much less well developed. For example, water services might only be available to the wealthy middle class. For political reasons, the service is often subsidized, which reduces the finance potentially available for expansion to poorer communities. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 5 is however, a global initiative which aims to influence the provision of public services and infrastructure to marginalized demographics.


title: Public service

text: Nationalization took off following the World Wars of the first half of the twentieth century. In parts of Europe, central planning was implemented in the belief that it would make production more efficient. Many public services, especially electricity, fossil fuels and public transport are products of this era. Following the Second World War, many countries also began to implement universal health care and expanded education under the funding and guidance of the state.


title: Public service

text: There are several ways to privatize public services. A free-market corporation may be established and sold to private investors, relinquishing government control altogether. Thus it becomes a private (not public) service. Another option, used in the Nordic countries, is to establish a corporation, but keep ownership or voting power essentially in the hands of the government. For example, the Finnish state owned 49% of Kemira until 2007, the rest being owned by private investors. A 49% share did not make it a "government enterprise", but it meant that all other investors together would have to oppose the state's opinion in order to overturn the state's decisions in the shareholder's meeting.


title: Public service

text: A regulated corporation can also acquire permits on the agreement that they fulfill certain public service duties. When a private corporation runs a natural monopoly, then the corporation is typically heavily regulated, to prevent abuse of monopoly power. Lastly, the government can buy the service on the free market. In many countries, medication is provided in this manner: the government reimburses part of the price of the medication. Also, bus traffic, electricity, healthcare and waste management are privatized in this way. One recent innovation, used in the UK increasingly as well as Australia and Canada is public-private partnerships. This involves giving a long lease to private consortia in return for partly funding infrastructure.


title: Public service

text: Personalization is an all-encompassing theme and a dominant idea in the UK public service environment. It is a story made up of five narratives: 1. People are their own life experts 2. Human-centred methods reveal her lifestyle more than limited departments knowledge. 3. Personalization is tailored to everyone, not just those who need social care. 4. The essence of personalization is to improve a person's life. 5. Personalization reduces costs.


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show! is an American live-action/animated television series airing from September 4 to November 30, 1989, on syndication. The series is based on the video games "Super Mario Bros." and "Super Mario Bros. 2" by Nintendo, and is the first of three television series to be based upon the "Mario" video game series. The animation was provided by Sei Young Animation.


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: Each episode consists of live-action segments starring WWF Hall of Fame wrestler "Captain" Lou Albano as Mario and Danny Wells as Luigi alongside a special guest, either as themselves or a character for the segments. The remainder of the program is dedicated to animated stories of "Super Mario Bros.", starring the voices of Albano and Wells in their respective roles, which were exhibited Monday through Thursday. The Friday episode of "The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!" was instead accompanied by animated serials of "The Legend of Zelda".


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: "The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!" revolves around Mario and Luigi, two Italian-American plumbers from Brooklyn who accidentally warp into the Mushroom Kingdom while fixing a bathtub drain. The show is split into two different portions separated by style, chronology, and locale. The animated portion is set in the Mushroom Kingdom after the Mario Brothers' unwitting conveyance, while the live-action segments, a satire of contemporary sitcoms, are set in Brooklyn and deal with the peculiarities of running a plumbing business in the late 1980s.


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: Each episode begins with Mario reciting an entry into his "Plumber's Log", then teaming up with Luigi to assist Princess Toadstool and Toad in preventing King Koopa from taking over the Kingdom with a sinister plot, generally one parodying a book, movie, or historical event.


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: Each episode's plot featured characters and situations based upon the NES games "Super Mario Bros." and "Super Mario Bros. 2", as well as several sound effects and musical cues from both games. Some plots often involved parodies of movies or pop culture references of the time. Despite making use of the games, some episodes featured inconsistencies between the serials and the video games. For example, in the animated serials, Mario receives fire powers from a Super Star, whereas the star grants temporary invincibility in the game, with the Fire Flower granting pyrokinesis.


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: Lou Albano appeared as himself in "Captain Lou Is Missing". There was no trick photography—Mario was out of the shop when he entered and remained out until the end of the episode.


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: Before the series was conceived, Andy Heyward, the then-CEO of DIC Enterprises, spent about a year trying to convince Nintendo to license the characters. In an interview with USA Today, Heyward said: "The Mario Bros. is such a unique property we had to do it in a different way...We wanted to do a cartoon but also do a show that extended beyond the cartoon". The project originated as "Super Mario Bros. Power Hour", a one hour long animation block that would have featured series based on a number of intellectual properties. Concept art was produced for adaptations of "Super Mario Bros.", "The Legend of Zelda", "Metroid", "Castlevania", "Double Dragon", and "California Games". With the exception of Mario and Zelda, none of these additional adaptations were ultimately produced. "Double Dragon" would receive a later adaptation from DIC which aired from 1993 to 1994, but this did not make use of the 1980s concepts and was instead based on the SNES titles released in the interim.


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: The show premiered in September 1989. To promote the series, Lou Albano appeared on "Live with Regis and Kathie Lee" in May 1989 with his beard shaven. When the series first aired, it was distributed by Viacom Enterprises and was marketed by MTV. In addition, DiC planned to produce an animated film based on the series. The film was to be released in summer 1990.


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: In David Sheff's book "Game Over", Bill White, the then-director of advertising and public relations for Nintendo, said that the purpose of the television series was to boost awareness of the characters.


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: Each episode of the program consisted of two live action segments, one at the start and the other towards the end, dubbed "Mario Bros. Plumbing", in which Lou Albano and Danny Wells portrayed the roles of Mario and Luigi respectively in comedic story accompanied by a laugh track. These segments involved a celebrity guest star joining the pair, either as themselves or as a character connected to the segment's plot, who were often a popular television star or professional athlete (including WWE (then WWF) stars of the time); such guests included Nedra Volz, Norman Fell, Donna Douglas, Eve Plumb, Vanna White, Lyle Alzado and Magic Johnson.


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: Alongside guest stars, both Albano and Wells portrayed additional characters in a number of episodes related to Mario and Luigi. In one episode, Albano played as himself, but had to make the character of Mario absent for this to work, while in a number of episodes the pair were joined by Maurice LaMarche in the live-action role of the animated character Inspector Gadget (making it the first appearance of the character in live-action, predating the live-action film by ten years), before his eventual role in voicing the character in "Inspector Gadget's Last Case" and "Gadget & the Gadgetinis". In an interview for Shout! Factory's first DVD release of the show in 2006which exclude some episodes that involved Cassandra Peterson as Elvira, alongside Gadget's second appearance and a few other episodesAlbano stated that filming of the live-action segments involved mainly himself and Wells receiving a central plot and mostly improvising the dialogue as they went along.


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: The rest of the episode in-between these live-action segments were dedicated to animated serials. For the majority of episodes, between Monday and Thursday, each episode of "The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!" featured an animated serial of the "Super Mario Bros.", which both Albano and Wells voiced their respective characters. A total of 52 serials were aired under this schedule until November 16, 1989. For every subsequent Friday, the animated segments consisted of serials of "The Legend of Zelda", with scenes featuring during the live-action segments on the preceding "Super Mario Bros. Super Show!" episodes during the week, and then broadcast as sneak peeks. A total of 13 serials were aired under this schedule, and following November 16, were repeated for the remaining episodes of "The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!" until its eventual conclusion.


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: During the remainder of the episodes, during the animated segments, a song taken from one of the notable singles from popular singers, songwriters, and musical artists of the era, would be used to accompany a scene of the serial. When the program was re-released onto DVD in North America, these songs were replaced instrumentals of songs from "The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3" and one song from "Super Mario World".


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: The first set of reruns of the program were aired during the 1990-1991 TV season, again in syndication, but with significant changes in the live-action format. While it retained the program's original scheduling arrangement of broadcasts and the animated serials of "Super Mario Bros." and "The Legend of Zelda", the live-action segments of Albano and Wells were replaced with a new continuity of five-minute live-action segments, entitled "Club Mario."


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: The format for these segments focused on a new set of characters—Mario-obsessed teenagers Tommy Treehugger (Chris Coombs) and Co-MC (Michael Anthony Rawlins)—hijacking the "Super Show's" satellite signal (in reality, tapes of the show were sent to stations well in advance). The two were regularly visited by Tommy's annoying sister Tammy (Victoria Delaney), the aptly named Dr. Know-It-All (Kurt Weldon), Co-MC's evil twin Eric (also Rawlins), and a guest star. The segment featured a one-to-two-minute viewing of "Space Scout Theater/Spaced Out Theater" hosted by Princess Centauri (Shanti Kahn), which was sourced and edited from the children's science fiction television series "Photon". In at least one episode, they harass Andy Heyward (playing himself) in the DiC offices.


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: "Club Mario" proved unpopular with viewers and was discontinued after one season. Further reruns of the show returned to the use of the original Albano and Wells live-action segments.


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: The second set of reruns was created by The Family Channel in 1994 as a programming package entitled "Mario All Stars", inspired by the video game title "Super Mario All-Stars" that was released the previous year. The format of the rerun focused on primarily the cartoons featured in "The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!" alongside those from the "Super Mario World" series; prior to being re-edited for this package, the network aired reruns of the program at slower than normal speed and retained the use of the live-action segments before they were discontinued to make way to the package's layout. The rerun was used again by the USA Network in 1997, from January 8 to June 6, before the network replaced it with reruns of "Sonic the Hedgehog". The theme song was the end credits theme of "Super Mario World".


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: Although clips from the "Super Mario Bros. 3" cartoons were used in promos for the show, none of the show's episodes were featured.


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: From 1989 to 1990, Kids Klassics (with the sponsorship of Nesquik) released episodes of the series on VHS. Starting in 1991, Kids Klassics' parent company GoodTimes Entertainment continued releasing episodes on VHS up through 1993. These 1989 releases are noted for being to only releases to contain the original song covers.


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: In 1994, Buena Vista Home Video under their DIC Toon-Time Video label released the VHS "Super Mario Bros. Super Christmas Adventures!", which contained the animated segment "Koopa Klaus" and the live-action segment "Santa Claus is Coming to Flatbush" alongside the "Super Mario World" episode "The Night Before Cave Christmas".


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: In 2002, Lions Gate Home Entertainment released a DVD titled "Mario's Greatest Movie Moments", which contained 6 episodes as well as two episodes of "The Legend of Zelda". The VHS versions of the DVD, "Mario's Monster Madness" and "Action Adventures", includes the same episodes (3 per tape, alongside 1 Zelda episode). None of those releases contained any live-action segments.


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: In 2004, Sterling Entertainment released "Mario Mania" on DVD which contained the first week's episodes, consisting of 4 Mario segments and a "Legend of Zelda" episode. This release however featured the live-action segments and could also be watched on their own. A Question-and-answer with DIC CEO Andy Heyward was also included. Another DVD which consisted of 5 episodes: "Mario's Movie Madness" was released by Sterling in 2005, but removed the live-action segments.


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: From 2007 to 2009, NCircle Entertainment released several DVD sets of the series. The prints used on these releases were taken from the Shout! Factory boxsets.


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: NCircle re-released the complete sets in 2012 with the same extras as the Shout! Factory sets, but with the live-action segments removed and "On Her Majesty's Sewer Service" excluded. These releases have the DiC logo replaced with the then-current Cooke Jar logo.


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: In July 2012, the show was added to Netflix as a part of their instant streaming library. The show was later removed from the service on May 22, 2021.


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: From 1991 to 1993, Abbey Home Entertainment Distribution released six videos of the "Super Mario Bros. Super Show" with only the animated segmented episodes, the animated segmented intro and the live-action segment of "Do the Mario" in the closing credits.


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: Maximum Entertainment (Under license from Fox Kids Europe/Jetix Europe) released 4 DVD sets of the series from 2004 to 2007. The first and fourth sets contained 6 episodes, the second contained 5 and the third set contained 3 episodes.


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: Beyond Home Entertainment released a six-disc box set in the 2000s, with two segments "Rolling Down the River" and "The Unzappables" omitted.


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: The show was met with generally mixed reviews from critics, who felt that the storylines were a unique twist to the franchise and that the humor could be considered "funny" but were critical of its live action segments and Albano and Wells’ acting. Upon the series premiere in September 1989, Mike Hughes of USA Today described the series as a "surprising disappointment", opining that the series had "little of the wit and spark" and relied too heavily on slapstick. In a retrospective review for the series' DVD, Mark Bozon of IGN referred the series as "the biggest offender among Nintendo's many embarrassing moments" but thought that the animated shorts were "interesting to look back on". Bozon gave the overall series a 7 out of 10 (while giving the DVD itself a 5 out of 10). Common Sense Media rated the show 1 out of 5 stars, stating that the show with stereotypes has not aged well.


title: The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!

text: Upon the first week of its premiere, the series had a cumulative 4.1/12 rating/share, making the series the highest rated first-run syndicated series at the time. Within the next two weeks, the series (3.8/11) was beat out by Buena Vista Television's "" (4.5/11) and faced competition with Claster Television's "Muppet Babies" reruns.


title: Julie Andrews on screen and stage

text: Julie Andrews is an actress, singer, and theatrical director who has had a lifelong career on the screen and stage. She made her film debut voice-dubbing the role of Princess Zeila in the 1949 animated film "La Rosa di Bagdad". Her professional stage debut was in the musical comedy "The Boy Friend" where she played Polly Brown from 1954 to 1955. For this role, she won the Theatre World Award for Outstanding Broadway Debut in 1955. Then from 1956 to 1959, Andrews played Eliza Doolittle in "My Fair Lady" which earned her a Tony Award nomination, the first of three that she received during her career. After this success, she played the title role in the 1957 television special "Rogers and Hammerstein's Cinderella". For this appearance, she received her first Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Actress – Best Single Performance – Lead or Support. She received her second Tony nomination in 1961 when she originated the role of Queen Guinevere in "Camelot". After this, she auditioned for the role of Eliza Doolittle in the 1964 film adaptation of "My Fair Lady", losing the role to Audrey Hepburn. Instead, Andrews was cast as the title role in the 1964 musical film "Mary Poppins". For this role, she received an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, a Golden Globe, and a Grammy Award. Her next big success was portraying Maria Von Trapp in the 1965 musical film "The Sound of Music". For her portrayal, she received a second Golden Globe, another Academy Award nomination and another BAFTA nomination.


title: Julie Andrews on screen and stage

text: Between 1964 and 1986, Andrews starred in many films including "The Americanization of Emily" (1964), "Hawaii" (1966), "Torn Curtain" (1966), "Thoroughly Modern Millie" (1967), "Star!" (1968), "The Tamarind Seed" (1974), "10" (1979), "S.O.B." (1981), "Victor/Victoria" (1982) for which she earned her sixth Golden Globe, "That's Life!" (1986) and "Duet for One" (1986). From 1972 to 1973, she hosted her own variety show titled "The Julie Andrews Hour". The program earned her a Primetime Emmy Award and a second nomination. In 1992, she starred in the short-lived American sitcom "Julie". She returned to the stage in the Stephen Sondheim-themed musical revue "Putting It Together", where she starred as Amy, in 1993. She reprised her role as Victoria Grant / Count Victor Grezhinski for the 1995 Broadway adaptation of "Victor/Victoria". This earned her a third Tony Award nomination, though she declined, citing that she felt that the rest of the company had been overlooked, and her first Drama Desk Award. Since 2000, she has been seen on screen as Queen Clarisse Renaldi in the television film "The Princess Diaries" (2001) and its (2004) and as Lily the Head Fairy in "Tooth Fairy" (2010). She has lent her voice to "Shrek 2" (2004), "Enchanted" (2007), "Shrek Forever After""", "Despicable Me"" (both 2010), "Despicable Me 3" (2017), "Aquaman" (2018), and "" (2022). In 2017, she directed a revival of "My Fair Lady" at the Sydney Opera House for "Opera Australia". Her direction earned her a nomination for the Helpmann Award for Best Direction of a Musical. The same year, she co-created and hosted a children's educational show titled "Julie's Greenroom", for which she received two Daytime Emmy Award nominations.


title: Joseph Pulitzer

text: Joseph Pulitzer ( ; born Pulitzer József, ; April 10, 1847 – October 29, 1911) was a Hungarian-American politician and newspaper publisher of the "St. Louis Post-Dispatch" and the "New York World". He became a leading national figure in the Democratic Party and was elected congressman from New York. He crusaded against big business and corruption and helped keep the Statue of Liberty in New York.


title: Joseph Pulitzer

text: In the 1890s the fierce competition between his "World" and William Randolph Hearst's "New York Journal" caused both to develop the techniques of yellow journalism, which won over readers with sensationalism, sex, crime and graphic horrors. The wide appeal reached a million copies a day and opened the way to mass-circulation newspapers that depended on advertising revenue (rather than cover price or political party subsidies) and appealed to readers with multiple forms of news, gossip, entertainment and advertising.