title: Divide-and-conquer algorithm

text: Binary search, a decrease-and-conquer algorithm where the subproblems are of roughly half the original size, has a long history. While a clear description of the algorithm on computers appeared in 1946 in an article by John Mauchly, the idea of using a sorted list of items to facilitate searching dates back at least as far as Babylonia in 200 BC. Another ancient decrease-and-conquer algorithm is the Euclidean algorithm to compute the greatest common divisor of two numbers by reducing the numbers to smaller and smaller equivalent subproblems, which dates to several centuries BC.


title: Divide-and-conquer algorithm

text: An early example of a divide-and-conquer algorithm with multiple subproblems is Gauss's 1805 description of what is now called the Cooley–Tukey fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm, although he did not analyze its operation count quantitatively, and FFTs did not become widespread until they were rediscovered over a century later.


title: Divide-and-conquer algorithm

text: An early two-subproblem D&C algorithm that was specifically developed for computers and properly analyzed is the merge sort algorithm, invented by John von Neumann in 1945.


title: Divide-and-conquer algorithm

text: Another notable example is the algorithm invented by Anatolii A. Karatsuba in 1960 that could multiply two "n"-digit numbers in formula_1 operations (in Big O notation). This algorithm disproved Andrey Kolmogorov's 1956 conjecture that formula_2 operations would be required for that task.


title: Divide-and-conquer algorithm

text: As another example of a divide-and-conquer algorithm that did not originally involve computers, Donald Knuth gives the method a post office typically uses to route mail: letters are sorted into separate bags for different geographical areas, each of these bags is itself sorted into batches for smaller sub-regions, and so on until they are delivered. This is related to a radix sort, described for punch-card sorting machines as early as 1929.


title: Divide-and-conquer algorithm

text: Divide and conquer is a powerful tool for solving conceptually difficult problems: all it requires is a way of breaking the problem into sub-problems, of solving the trivial cases, and of combining sub-problems to the original problem. Similarly, decrease and conquer only requires reducing the problem to a single smaller problem, such as the classic Tower of Hanoi puzzle, which reduces moving a tower of height formula_3 to move a tower of height formula_4.


title: Divide-and-conquer algorithm

text: The divide-and-conquer paradigm often helps in the discovery of efficient algorithms. It was the key, for example, to Karatsuba's fast multiplication method, the quicksort and mergesort algorithms, the Strassen algorithm for matrix multiplication, and fast Fourier transforms.


title: Divide-and-conquer algorithm

text: In all these examples, the D&C approach led to an improvement in the asymptotic cost of the solution. For example, if (a) the base cases have constant-bounded size, the work of splitting the problem and combining the partial solutions is proportional to the problem's size formula_3, and (b) there is a bounded number formula_6 of sub-problems of size ~ formula_7 at each stage, then the cost of the divide-and-conquer algorithm will be formula_8.


title: Divide-and-conquer algorithm

text: Divide-and-conquer algorithms are naturally adapted for execution in multi-processor machines, especially shared-memory systems where the communication of data between processors does not need to be planned in advance because distinct sub-problems can be executed on different processors.


title: Divide-and-conquer algorithm

text: Divide-and-conquer algorithms naturally tend to make efficient use of memory caches. The reason is that once a sub-problem is small enough, it and all its sub-problems can, in principle, be solved within the cache, without accessing the slower main memory. An algorithm designed to exploit the cache in this way is called "cache-oblivious", because it does not contain the cache size as an explicit parameter. Moreover, D&C algorithms can be designed for important algorithms (e.g., sorting, FFTs, and matrix multiplication) to be "optimal" cache-oblivious algorithms–they use the cache in a probably optimal way, in an asymptotic sense, regardless of the cache size. In contrast, the traditional approach to exploiting the cache is "blocking", as in loop nest optimization, where the problem is explicitly divided into chunks of the appropriate size—this can also use the cache optimally, but only when the algorithm is tuned for the specific cache sizes of a particular machine.


title: Divide-and-conquer algorithm

text: The same advantage exists with regards to other hierarchical storage systems, such as NUMA or virtual memory, as well as for multiple levels of cache: once a sub-problem is small enough, it can be solved within a given level of the hierarchy, without accessing the higher (slower) levels.


title: Divide-and-conquer algorithm

text: In computations with rounded arithmetic, e.g. with floating-point numbers, a divide-and-conquer algorithm may yield more accurate results than a superficially equivalent iterative method. For example, one can add "N" numbers either by a simple loop that adds each datum to a single variable, or by a D&C algorithm called pairwise summation that breaks the data set into two halves, recursively computes the sum of each half, and then adds the two sums. While the second method performs the same number of additions as the first and pays the overhead of the recursive calls, it is usually more accurate.


title: Divide-and-conquer algorithm

text: Divide-and-conquer algorithms are naturally implemented as recursive procedures. In that case, the partial sub-problems leading to the one currently being solved are automatically stored in the procedure call stack. A recursive function is a function that calls itself within its definition.


title: Divide-and-conquer algorithm

text: Divide-and-conquer algorithms can also be implemented by a non-recursive program that stores the partial sub-problems in some explicit data structure, such as a stack, queue, or priority queue. This approach allows more freedom in the choice of the sub-problem that is to be solved next, a feature that is important in some applications — e.g. in breadth-first recursion and the branch-and-bound method for function optimization. This approach is also the standard solution in programming languages that do not provide support for recursive procedures.


title: Divide-and-conquer algorithm

text: In recursive implementations of D&C algorithms, one must make sure that there is sufficient memory allocated for the recursion stack, otherwise, the execution may fail because of stack overflow. D&C algorithms that are time-efficient often have relatively small recursion depth. For example, the quicksort algorithm can be implemented so that it never requires more than formula_9 nested recursive calls to sort formula_3 items.


title: Divide-and-conquer algorithm

text: Stack overflow may be difficult to avoid when using recursive procedures since many compilers assume that the recursion stack is a contiguous area of memory, and some allocate a fixed amount of space for it. Compilers may also save more information in the recursion stack than is strictly necessary, such as return address, unchanging parameters, and the internal variables of the procedure. Thus, the risk of stack overflow can be reduced by minimizing the parameters and internal variables of the recursive procedure or by using an explicit stack structure.


title: Divide-and-conquer algorithm

text: In any recursive algorithm, there is considerable freedom in the choice of the "base cases", the small subproblems that are solved directly in order to terminate the recursion.


title: Divide-and-conquer algorithm

text: Choosing the smallest or simplest possible base cases is more elegant and usually leads to simpler programs, because there are fewer cases to consider and they are easier to solve. For example, an FFT algorithm could stop the recursion when the input is a single sample, and the quicksort list-sorting algorithm could stop when the input is the empty list; in both examples, there is only one base case to consider, and it requires no processing.


title: Divide-and-conquer algorithm

text: On the other hand, efficiency often improves if the recursion is stopped at relatively large base cases, and these are solved non-recursively, resulting in a hybrid algorithm. This strategy avoids the overhead of recursive calls that do little or no work and may also allow the use of specialized non-recursive algorithms that, for those base cases, are more efficient than explicit recursion. A general procedure for a simple hybrid recursive algorithm is "short-circuiting the base case", also known as "arm's-length recursion". In this case, whether the next step will result in the base case is checked before the function call, avoiding an unnecessary function call. For example, in a tree, rather than recursing to a child node and then checking whether it is null, checking null before recursing; avoids half the function calls in some algorithms on binary trees. Since a D&C algorithm eventually reduces each problem or sub-problem instance to a large number of base instances, these often dominate the overall cost of the algorithm, especially when the splitting/joining overhead is low. Note that these considerations do not depend on whether recursion is implemented by the compiler or by an explicit stack.


title: Divide-and-conquer algorithm

text: Thus, for example, many library implementations of quicksort will switch to a simple loop-based insertion sort (or similar) algorithm once the number of items to be sorted is sufficiently small. Note that, if the empty list were the only base case, sorting a list with formula_3 entries would entail maximally formula_3 quicksort calls that would do nothing but return immediately. Increasing the base cases to lists of size 2 or less will eliminate most of those do-nothing calls, and more generally a base case larger than 2 is typically used to reduce the fraction of time spent in function-call overhead or stack manipulation.


title: Divide-and-conquer algorithm

text: Alternatively, one can employ large base cases that still use a divide-and-conquer algorithm, but implement the algorithm for predetermined set of fixed sizes where the algorithm can be completely unrolled into code that has no recursion, loops, or conditionals (related to the technique of partial evaluation). For example, this approach is used in some efficient FFT implementations, where the base cases are unrolled implementations of divide-and-conquer FFT algorithms for a set of fixed sizes. Source-code generation methods may be used to produce the large number of separate base cases desirable to implement this strategy efficiently.


title: Divide-and-conquer algorithm

text: The generalized version of this idea is known as recursion "unrolling" or "coarsening", and various techniques have been proposed for automating the procedure of enlarging the base case.


title: Divide-and-conquer algorithm

text: For some problems, the branched recursion may end up evaluating the same sub-problem many times over. In such cases it may be worth identifying and saving the solutions to these overlapping subproblems, a technique is commonly known as memoization. Followed to the limit, it leads to bottom-up divide-and-conquer algorithms such as dynamic programming and chart parsing.


title: Elisabeth Maxwell

text: Elisabeth Jenny Jeanne Maxwell (; 11 April 1921 – 7 August 2013) was a French-born researcher of the Holocaust who established the journal "Holocaust and Genocide Studies" in 1987. She was married to publishing tycoon Robert Maxwell from 1945 until his death in 1991 when the family soon came under scrutiny for his business dealings, especially his responsibility for the . Later in life, she was recognized for her work as a proponent of Interfaith dialogue and received several awards including an honorary fellowship from the Woolf Institute at Cambridge.


title: Elisabeth Maxwell

text: Maxwell was born Elisabeth Jenny Jeanne Meynard in La Grive, near Saint-Alban-de-Roche, France, to Louis "Paul" Meynard and Colombe (née Petel) Meynard. Paul Meynard was a descendant of Protestant Huguenot aristocracy whose distant lineage included kings of France, while Colombe Meynard was a Roman Catholic whose marriage to a Protestant resulted in her excommunication.


title: Elisabeth Maxwell

text: Her father Paul owned a silk-weaving factory and was the mayor of the village. She had one sibling, an older sister, Yvonne. Her parents sent her to England at age nine to attend the convent of Our Lady of Compassion at Acocks Green in Birmingham. In 1932, she returned to France. Meynard studied law at the Sorbonne.


title: Elisabeth Maxwell

text: In September 1944, after the Liberation of Paris, she met Czechoslovakian-born British Army Captain Robert Maxwell, while working as an interpreter for the Welcome Committee, which introduced French people to allied officers; they married on 15 March 1945. She then worked as his secretary and assistant in London as he established his publishing empire. The Maxwells had nine children: Michael, Philip, Ann, Christine, Isabel, Karine, Ian, Kevin and Ghislaine. All of Maxwell's children were delivered by her sister Yvonne, a gynecologist, in Maisons-Laffitte, France. Two of the children died in childhood: daughter Karine died in 1957, at age three, from leukemia, and son Michael entered a coma following a car crash in 1961; he died six years later without regaining consciousness. At first, the family lived on a budget, but later moved into a mansion at Broomfield, Esher. Starting in 1960, the family lived at Headington Hill Hall where the offices to Robert Maxwell's Pergamon Press were also located.


title: Elisabeth Maxwell

text: In her forties, Maxwell worked in public relations for her husband's company and campaigned for him in the general election of 1964; he was elected as the Labour MP for Buckingham. She then earned a BA degree in modern languages at St Hugh's College, Oxford.


title: Elisabeth Maxwell

text: In 1981, at the age of 60, Maxwell was awarded a PhD in French Literature from the University of Oxford for her thesis on "The art of Letter Writing in France, 1789–1830". Her thesis work focused on researching a Protestant circle in Lyons.


title: Elisabeth Maxwell

text: Maxwell researched her husband's Jewish relatives who perished under Nazi rule, and discovered they amounted in total to over 300 of his immediate and extended family.


title: Elisabeth Maxwell

text: In 1988, Maxwell organized a conference in both Oxford and London, titled "Remembering for the Future". That same year, she received the Sir Sigmund Sternberg award for furthering Christian-Jewish relations. Maxwell authored a book on antisemitism titled "Silence or Speaking Out," published in 1990 by Southampton University.


title: Elisabeth Maxwell

text: In November 1991, Maxwell's husband, Robert, was found dead, floating in the waters of the Canary Islands near his yacht, the "Lady Ghislaine". Following his mysterious death, evidence emerged that Robert Maxwell had plundered his employees' pension funds from the Mirror Group. Her sons, Ian and Kevin, were arrested on fraud charges in June 1992 but later acquitted in January 1996.


title: Elisabeth Maxwell

text: It is believed she knew nothing about the missing pension funds; she was left financially severely depleted after his death. Yehuda Bauer, a fellow Holocaust historian, stated that after Robert Maxwell's death "Elisabeth lost her pension, all her property, and only her children continued to support her. She was a wonderful person, kind and supportive, quite contrary to her husband, whom she loved despite everything."


title: Elisabeth Maxwell

text: Following the pension scandal, Maxwell reportedly left the UK and spent time at her chateau in France. She returned to Britain after the Duke of Westminster "let her a four-bedroomed townhouse at a peppercorn rent".


title: Elisabeth Maxwell

text: Maxwell's autobiography, entitled "A Mind of My Own: My Life with Robert Maxwell", was published in November 1994. In a 1995 interview with "The New York Times", she reflected on her marriage stating "The worst years of my life were 1981 to 1991. I was at his beck and call with no kudos, nothing was right. What saved me was my work on the Holocaust." In her seventies and early eighties, Maxwell travelled and lectured widely on Holocaust studies.


title: Elisabeth Maxwell

text: Maxwell was an editor for the book "Remembering for the Future: the Holocaust in an Age of Genocide", a comprehensive work including the contributions of nearly 200 scholars, published in 2001. According to BBC News, Maxwell served as the executive chairman of the Remembering for the Future organization and was the opening speaker for the London conference "Evil and Indifference: Is there an End to Genocide?" held at Westminster Hall in July 2000. She was on the Executive Committee of the International Council of Christians and Jews and founded the International Conference on the Holocaust.


title: Elisabeth Maxwell

text: Maxwell was awarded an Honorary Fellowship from the Woolf Institute at Cambridge for her work to improve relations between Christians and Jews. She was further recognized with an Honorary Fellowship at Tel Aviv University, and the Anne Frank Institute's Eternal Flame Award.


title: Elisabeth Maxwell

text: Later in life, Maxwell spent most of her time in France with her sister Yvonne. She died on 7 August 2013 at the age of 92 in Dordogne, France.


title: The Eight Hundred

text: The Eight Hundred () is a 2020 Chinese historical war drama film directed by and co-written by Guan Hu, and starring Huang Zhizhong, Oho Ou, Jiang Wu, Zhang Yi, Wang Qianyuan, Du Chun, Vision Wei, Li Chen, Yu Haoming, Tang Yixin, and Zheng Kai. The film is based on real life events: the defense of Sihang Warehouse in 1937 Shanghai by Chinese NRA troops during the Battle of Shanghai and the Second Sino-Japanese War.


title: The Eight Hundred

text: Originally scheduled for release in July 2019, the premiere and the release was moved to August 21, 2020, nationwide release. The film was a critical and commercial success, grossing $461 million worldwide, making it the second highest-grossing film of 2020.


title: The Eight Hundred

text: During the early days of the Second Sino-Japanese War, and on a greater scale World War II, the Imperial Japanese Army invaded Shanghai in what became known as the Battle of Shanghai. After holding back the Japanese for over 3 months, and suffering heavy losses, the Chinese army was forced to retreat due to the danger of being encircled. Lieutenant Colonel Xie Jinyuan of the 524th Regiment of the under-equipped 88th Division of the National Revolutionary Army, led 452 young officers and soldiers to defend Sihang Warehouse against the 3rd Imperial Japanese Division consisting of around 20,000 troops on a heroic suicidal last stand against the Japanese under an order by Generalissimo of Nationalist China, Chiang Kai-shek. The decision was made to provide a morale boost to the Chinese people after the losses of Beijing and Shanghai, and helped spur support from the Western powers, who were in full view of the battle from the International Settlement in Shanghai just across the Suzhou Creek.


title: The Eight Hundred

text: Guan Hu had been preparing for the film for 10 years. "The Eight Hundred" is the first Chinese film or commercial Asian film shot entirely on IMAX cameras. The production team had built a real set of 68 buildings with an area of in Suzhou, east China's Jiangsu province. The investment amount of the film is as high as (US$ ).


title: The Eight Hundred

text: A theme song for the film titled "Remembering" (苏州河) was written by Bob Ezrin, Shridhar Solanki, Cheng Zhang and Isabel Yue Yin based on the melody of the Londonderry Air and was performed by Andrea Bocelli and Na Ying. The theme song had both an English and Mandarin version. The theme song was accompanied by the film's main theme and score written by Rupert Gregson-Williams and Andrew Kawczynski.


title: The Eight Hundred

text: The film was originally scheduled to premiere on 15 June 2019 during the prestigious opening slot of the Shanghai International Film Festival but was pushed back to 5 July, due to "consultation between the production team and other entities". Before the withdrawal, the Chinese Red Culture Research Association, a non-governmental group, held an academic conference on filmmaking where attendees voiced opinions on the film. Attendees did not agree with the portrayal of the National Revolutionary Army, saying the film failed to portray "the class oppression within the ranks of the Kuomintang army, the misdeeds of its officers and its evil oppression of the people". According to a report published on the social media platform WeChat, the participants complained that the film excessively glorified the Kuomintang army.


title: The Eight Hundred

text: Afterwards, the film's screening at the Shanghai film festival was cancelled. Jia Zhangke, a prominent filmmaker, criticised the decision, saying on Sina Weibo "[things] cannot be done like that for the moviemaking business".


title: The Eight Hundred

text: The film was then delayed yet again from its 5 July 2019 release date. Pushed back by over a year for failing to pass the censors, on 2 August 2020, the producers announced that the film was scheduled for release on 21 August 2020 nationwide in China. The theatrical version is said to be 13 minutes shorter than the one that would have screened in 2019 at the Shanghai film festival.


title: The Eight Hundred

text: Previews of the film were screened on Friday 14 August, making $2.1 million, then on Monday 17 August and Tuesday 18 August, making about $7.6 million each night for a preview total of $16.8 million. It then made $40 million on its official opening day. It went on to gross a total of $116 million (RMB 803.2) in its opening weekend (including previews), the biggest debut of 2020 up to that point. In calendar year 2020, "The Eight Hundred" had grossed more in a single territory than any other release, having made $366 million in China. In total, it earned $484.2 million, making it the second highest-grossing film of 2020.


title: The Eight Hundred

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of based on critic reviews, with an average rating of . On Metacritic, it has a weighted average score of 64 out of 100, based on 7 critic reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews."


title: The Eight Hundred

text: Ian Freer from "Empire" awarded the film 4 stars out of 5, writing, ""The Eight Hundred" is sprawling, and doesn’t do anything in a hurry — the main title appears 20 minutes in — and there are ultimately too many characters to care about, but everywhere you turn there is fantastic filmmaking, flitting between grand sweep and quieter moments."


title: The Eight Hundred

text: Maggie Lee of "Variety" described the film as "monumental, if sometimes unwieldy", comparing it to "Dunkirk" (2017) and writing, "the saga does share similar sentiments of survival, grit and triumph in defeat ... it too plunges audiences into both the intimacy and magnitude of brutal war spectacle while immersing them in a stunningly mounted period canvas." However, she also felt that "the character roster is so bloated, it’s hard to keep up with their trajectories — and ultimately, to care deeply. As Col. Xie Jinyuan, whose leadership was the driving force of their indomitable resilience, Du Chun displays almost no range in his performance."


title: The Eight Hundred

text: Cath Clarke of "The Guardian" awarded the film 3 stars out of 5, characterizing the film as an “Ear-rattling, breathtaking battle for [the] Chinese Alamo ... Guan goes hammer and tongs with the special effects, delivering stupendously, joint-rattlingly-loud battle scenes and combat sequences edited to the lightning pace of a superhero movie." However, he expressed that "it’s hard to care much about who lives or dies", because "with so much intense focus lavished on the action, there’s none to spare for the characters’ emotional lives". While Steve Rose, also of "The Guardian", asked, "Is The Eight Hundred an exhilarating war movie – or slick propaganda?" in part because, Rose said, "In 2018, the Communist party’s propaganda department took direct control of the entertainment industry."


title: The Eight Hundred

text: Michael Ordoña of the "Los Angeles Times," reviewing the shorter theatrical version of the film, similarly commented that it "skips over the whole character-development part, along with the logic of many choices and scenes ... Rather than immersing us in the moment as, say, "Black Hawk Down" does with its unrelenting intensity, "Eight Hundred" has plenty of meandering downtime spread out among its massive cast of characters. Yet somehow, we don’t get to "know" any of these folks.” He added that it celebrated "fervent nationalism" or "fetishized martyrdom" and described the "sort-of protagonists" as "more types than actual people".


title: Santosh Sivan

text: Santosh Sivan (born 8 February 1964) is an Indian cinematographer, film director, producer and actor known for his works in Malayalam, Tamil and Hindi cinema. Santosh graduated from the Film and Television Institute of India and has to date completed 55 feature films and 50 documentaries.


title: Santosh Sivan

text: Santosh, a founding member of the Indian Society of Cinematographers and the most awarded Director of Photography in India, graduated from the Film and Television Institute of India and completed 45 feature films and 41 documentaries.


title: Santosh Sivan

text: As a director, Santosh won his first National Award in 1988 for the "Story of Tiblu" (1988). His film "Halo" was honoured at the 43rd National Film Awards as the Best Children's Film and Best Sound.


title: Santosh Sivan

text: Santosh became the first cinematographer in the Asia-Pacific region to join the American Society of Cinematographers membership. As a cinematographer, he has won five National Film Awards – including four for Best Feature Film Cinematography. As of 2014, he has received eleven National Film Awards, and 21 international awards for his works. He was awarded the Padma Shri for his contributions to Indian cinema in 2014.


title: Santosh Sivan

text: In an interview, he said that some films he chose, not mostly because of the story but due to the very fact that he was comfortable with the director, a bigger pay cut and friendship things.


title: Santosh Sivan

text: His 2007 release "Prarambha" won the National Film Award for Best Educational/Motivational/Instructional Film at the 55th National Film Awards.


title: Betty White filmography

text: Betty White (January 17, 1922 - December 31, 2021) was an American actress and comedian known for her roles on television. White worked longer in the television industry than anyone else and earned herself a Guinness World Record in 2013, having it renewed in 2018.


title: Betty White filmography

text: Her roles on television including Sue Ann Nivens on the CBS sitcom "The Mary Tyler Moore Show" (1973–1977), Rose Nylund on the NBC sitcom "The Golden Girls" (1985–1992), and Elka Ostrovsky on the TV Land sitcom "Hot in Cleveland" (2010–2015). She gained renewed popularity after her appearance in the romantic comedy film "The Proposal" (2009) with Sandra Bullock and Ryan Reynolds, and went on to host "Saturday Night Live" in 2010 gaining her a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series. She had also been a staple on many game shows since the mid-1950s.


title: Betty White filmography

text: White died on December 31, 2021 – 17 days shy of her 100th birthday, which was due to be celebrated in a televised special on January 17, 2022. It contained an interview from White, filmed just 10 days prior to her death. The decision was made to continue with the televised celebration posthumously, thus ending White's record-breaking, 83-year career on television in 2022.


title: Detective Comics

text: Detective Comics is an American comic book series published by Detective Comics, later shortened to DC Comics. The first volume, published from 1937 to 2011 (and later continued in 2016), is best known for introducing the superhero Batman in "Detective Comics" #27 (cover-dated May 1939).


title: Detective Comics

text: A second series of the same title was launched in September 2011, but in 2016, reverted to the original volume numbering. The series is the source of its publishing company's name, and—along with "Action Comics", the series that launched with the debut of Superman—one of the medium's signature series. The series published 881 issues between 1937 and 2011 and is the longest continuously published comic book in the United States.


title: Detective Comics

text: "Detective Comics" was the final publication of the entrepreneur Major Malcolm Wheeler-Nicholson, whose comics company, National Allied Publications, would evolve into DC Comics, one of the world's two largest comic book publishers, though long after its founder had left it. Wheeler-Nicholson's first two titles were the landmark "New Fun: The Big Comic-Magazine" #1 (cover-dated Feb. 1935), colloquially called "New Fun Comics" #1 and the first such early comic book to contain all-original content, rather than a mix of newspaper comic strips and comic-strip-style new material. His second effort, "New Comics" #1, would be retitled twice to become "Adventure Comics", another seminal series that ran for decades until issue #503 in 1983, and was later revived in 2009.


title: Detective Comics

text: The third and final title published under his aegis would be "Detective Comics", advertised with a cover illustration dated December 1936, but eventually premiering three months later, with a March 1937 cover date. Wheeler-Nicholson was in debt to printing-plant owner and magazine distributor Harry Donenfeld, who was, as well, a pulp-magazine publisher and a principal in the magazine distributorship Independent News. Wheeler-Nicholson took Donenfeld on as a partner in order to publish "Detective Comics" #1 through the newly formed Detective Comics, Inc., with Wheeler-Nicholson and Jack S. Liebowitz, Donenfeld's accountant, listed as owners. Wheeler-Nicholson was forced out a year later.


title: Detective Comics

text: Originally an anthology comic, in the manner of the times, "Detective Comics" #1 (March 1937) featured stories in the "hard-boiled detective" genre, with such stars as Ching Lung (a Fu Manchu-style "Yellow Peril" villain); Slam Bradley (created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster before their character "Superman" saw print two years later); and Speed Saunders, among others. Its first editor, Vin Sullivan, also drew the debut issue's cover. The Crimson Avenger debuted in issue #20 (October 1938).


title: Detective Comics

text: "Detective Comics" #27 (March 1939 with a printed date of May 1939) first appearance of Batman. That superhero would eventually become the star of the title, the cover logo of which is often written as "Detective Comics featuring Batman". Because of its significance, issue #27 is widely considered one of the most valuable comic books in existence, with one copy selling for $1,075,000 in a February 2010 auction.


title: Detective Comics

text: Batman's origin is first revealed in a two-page story in issue #33 (Nov. 1939). Batman became the main cover feature of the title beginning with issue #35 (Jan. 1940). Issue #38 (April 1940) introduced Batman's sidekick Robin, billed as "The Sensational Character Find of 1940" on the cover and the first of several characters that would make up the "Batman Family." Robin's appearance and the subsequent increase in sales of the book soon led to the trend of superheroes and young sidekicks that characterize the era that fans and historians call the Golden Age of Comic Books. Several of Batman's best known villains debuted in the pages of "Detective Comics" during this era, including the Penguin in issue #58, Two-Face in issue #66, and the Riddler in issue #140.


title: Detective Comics

text: Batwoman first appeared in "Detective Comics" #233 (July 1956). Since the family formula had proven very successful for the Superman franchise, editor Jack Schiff suggested to Batman co-creator Bob Kane that he create one for the Batman. A female was chosen first, to offset the charges made by Fredric Wertham that Batman and Robin were homosexual. Writer Bill Finger and artist Sheldon Moldoff introduced Bat-Mite in issue #267 (May 1959) and Clayface in #298 (Dec. 1961).


title: Detective Comics

text: In 1964, Julius Schwartz was made responsible for reviving the fading Batman titles. Writer John Broome and artist Carmine Infantino jettisoned the sillier aspects that had crept into the franchise such as Ace the Bathound and Bat-Mite and gave the character a "New Look" that premiered in "Detective Comics" #327 (May 1964). Schwartz, Gardner Fox, and Infantino introduced, from the William Dozier produced TV series, Barbara Gordon as a new version of Batgirl in a story titled "The Million Dollar Debut of Batgirl!" in issue #359 (Jan. 1967). Mike Friedrich wrote the 30th anniversary Batman story in "Detective Comics" #387 (May 1969) which was drawn by Bob Brown.


title: Detective Comics

text: Writer Dennis O'Neil and artist Neal Adams had their first collaboration on Batman on the story "The Secret of the Waiting Graves" in issue #395 (Jan. 1970). The duo, under the direction of Schwartz, would revitalize the character with a series of noteworthy stories reestablishing Batman's dark, brooding nature and taking the books away from the campy look and feel of the 1966–68 ABC TV series. Comics historian Les Daniels observed that "O'Neil's interpretation of Batman as a vengeful obsessive-compulsive, which he modestly describes as a return to the roots, was actually an act of creative imagination that has influenced every subsequent version of the Dark Knight." Adams introduced the Man-Bat with writer Frank Robbins in "Detective Comics" #400 (June 1970). O'Neil and artist Bob Brown crafted Batman's first encounter with the League of Assassins in "Detective Comics" #405 (Nov. 1970) and created Talia al Ghul in issue #411 (May 1971).


title: Detective Comics

text: After publishing on a monthly schedule throughout its run, "Detective Comics" became a bi-monthly book from issues #435 (June–July 1973) to #445 (Feb.-March 1975). Issues #438 (Dec. 1973-Jan. 1974) to #445 (Feb.–March 1975) of the series were in the 100 Page Super Spectacular format. O'Neil and artist Dick Giordano created the Batman supporting character Leslie Thompkins in the story "There Is No Hope in Crime Alley" appearing in issue #457 (March 1976). Writer Steve Englehart and artist Marshall Rogers produced an acclaimed run of Batman stories in "Detective Comics" #471–476 (Aug. 1977 – April 1978), and provided one of the definitive interpretations that influenced the 1989 "Batman" film and would be adapted for the 1990s . The Englehart and Rogers pairing, was described in 2009 by comics writer and historian Robert Greenberger as "one of the greatest" creative teams to work on the Batman character. In their story "The Laughing Fish", the Joker is brazen enough to disfigure fish with a rictus grin, then expects to be granted a federal trademark on them, only to start killing the bureaucrats who try to explain to him that obtaining such a claim on a natural resource is legally impossible.


title: Detective Comics

text: Writer Len Wein and Rogers co-created the third version of the supervillain Clayface in "Detective Comics" #478 (July–Aug. 1978). From issue #481 (Dec. 1978 – Jan. 1979) through #495 (Oct. 1980), the magazine adopted the expanded Dollar Comics format used by the canceled "Batman Family", adding solo features including "Robin: the Teen Wonder", "Batgirl", the "Human Target" and the anthology "Tales of Gotham City", which featured stories of the city's ordinary people. Julius Schwartz, who had edited the title for most of its run since 1964, left the series as of issue #484 (June–July 1979) The original Katherine Kane also known as "Batwoman" was killed in the lead story in issue #485 (Aug.–Sept. 1979) by the League of Assassins.


title: Detective Comics

text: The title's 500th issue (March 1981) featured stories by several well-known creators including television writer Alan Brennert and Walter B. Gibson best known for his work on the pulp fiction character "The Shadow". Also used during the 1980s was the use of serialization of the main Batman story, with stories from "Detective Comics" and "Batman" directly flowing from one book to another, with cliffhangers at the end of each book's monthly story that would be resolved in the other title of that month. A single writer handled both books during that time beginning with Gerry Conway and followed up by Doug Moench. The supervillain Killer Croc made a shadowy cameo in issue #523 (Feb. 1983). Noted author Harlan Ellison wrote the Batman story in issue #567.


title: Detective Comics

text: Writer Mike W. Barr and artists Alan Davis and Todd McFarlane crafted the "" storyline in "Detective Comics" #575–578 which followed up on Frank Miller's "". Writer Alan Grant and artist Norm Breyfogle introduced the Ventriloquist in their first Batman story together and the Ratcatcher in their third (#585). Sam Hamm, who wrote the screenplay for Tim Burton's "Batman", wrote the "Blind Justice" story in "Detective Comics" issues #598–600. Chuck Dixon became the writer of the series with issue #644 (May 1992). He and Tom Lyle co-created the Electrocutioner in "Detective Comics" #644 (May 1992) and Stephanie Brown in "Detective Comics" #647 (August 1992).


title: Detective Comics

text: The "" storyline began in issue #700 (August 1996). The "No Man's Land" storyline crossed over into "Detective Comics" in issues #730–741. Writer Greg Rucka and artist Shawn Martinbrough became the creative team as of issue #742 (March 2000) and created the Sasha Bordeaux character in issue #751 (Dec. 2000). Issue #800 (Jan. 2005) was written by Andersen Gabrych and drawn by Pete Woods. Paul Dini became the writer of the series as of issue #821 (Sept. 2006) and created a new version of the Ventriloquist in #827 (March 2007). Scott Snyder became the writer of "Detective Comics" with issue #871 (Jan. 2011).


title: Detective Comics

text: In addition to the Batman stories, the title has had numerous back-up strips. The Boy Commandos by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby debuted in "Detective Comics" #64 (June 1942) and were then soon spun off into their own title. The character Roy Raymond first appeared in issue #153 (Nov. 1949). The Martian Manhunter was created by writer Joseph Samachson and artist Joe Certa in the back-up story "The Strange Experiment of Dr. Erdel" in "Detective Comics" #225 (Nov. 1955). After issue #326 (April 1964), the Martian Manhunter was moved to "House of Mystery" and in issue #327 the Elongated Man and his wife, now remodeled after Dashiell Hammett's Nick and Nora Charles, took over. The characters crossed over with Batman three times. The Elongated Man run lasted until issue #383 (Jan. 1969) and his feature returned sporadically 15 times until issue #572, which celebrated the 50th anniversary of the title by teaming him up with Batman, Robin, Slam Bradley and Sherlock Holmes against Edgar Moriarty, the great-grandnephew of Professor Moriarty. After the Elongated Man back-up feature ended, Batgirl held the role until issue #424. After moving her to "Batman Family", she returned from issues #481-519. Jason Bard appeared as the backup feature in the odd-numbered issues of "Detective" from #425-435. The Manhunter was resurrected in a story by Archie Goodwin and Walt Simonson in issue #437 (Oct.-Nov. 1973). With the last episode of the series, Manhunter moved to the front of the book in a full-length team-up with Batman. The Green Arrow became the back-up feature starting with issue #521 (Dec. 1982) and running until #567 (Oct. 1986). The Black Canary received a new costume in the back-up story in issue #554 (Sept. 1985). "DC Comics Bonus Book"s were included in issues #589 (August 1988) and 595 (Jan. 1989).


title: Detective Comics

text: After a lengthy absence, the back-up features returned for issues #746–810. These were more closed-ended stories featuring new and established characters in the Batman mythos. The first was "The Jacobian" in issues #746–757, followed by a one-issue Batman story in #758. The following issues, #759–762, featured Slam Bradley and were a lead-in to the 2002 "Catwoman" series. Issues #763–772 featured Josephine "Josie Mac" MacDonald, a Gotham police detective. Issues #773–775 were titled "Tales of Gotham" and feature Detectives Crispus Allen and Renee Montoya. Batman starred in "Spore" from issues #776–780. #781 featured a special "Elseworlds" tale, while #782 featured a Batman solo tale. Issue #783 featured a prelude to the "Death and the Maidens" miniseries and issue #784 featured a Josie Mac tale. The "Tales of Gotham" stories resumed in issues #785–788 with "The Dogcatcher", and #789–794 featured "The Tailor". "Polished Stone", featuring the Green Arrow and Onyx, ran in issues #795–796. "Low", featuring the Riddler and Poison Ivy, ran from issues #797–799. "Detective Comics" #800 featured a short Batman back-up story under the "Tales of Gotham" banner. A four-issue (#801–805) story featuring the Barker entitled "When You're Strange" was next and "Mud" in issue #805. A two-issue story (#806–807) featuring Alfred was followed by the last back-up, a three-issue (#808–810) Killer Croc story.


title: Detective Comics

text: The "Manhunter" series that ran as a backup in "Detective Comics" from 1973 to 1974 won the Shazam Award for "Best Individual Short Story (Dramatic)" in 1974 for the story "Cathedral Perilous" in issue #441, written by Archie Goodwin and Walt Simonson.


title: Detective Comics

text: In 2009, as part of a planned reorganization of the Batman universe due to the events shown in "Batman R.I.P." and "Final Crisis", "Detective Comics" went on hiatus for three months while DC Comics published the "Battle for the Cowl" miniseries. Upon its return, the series featured the newly reintroduced (in "52") Batwoman as the new star of the book, as well as a 10-page back-up feature starring Renee Montoya as the new Question. The series returned Batman to a starring role in early 2010.


title: Detective Comics

text: DC Comics relaunched "Detective Comics" with issue #1 in September 2011, as part of an initiative called The New 52. The series was written and drawn by Tony Daniel until the 12th issue, with the team of John Layman and Jason Fabok beginning with issue #13.


title: Detective Comics

text: The first issue of the relaunched "Detective Comics" has received six printings, second only to the relaunched "Justice League" which had seven printings. The series' 7th issue was also DC Comic's 6th highest selling digital comic, ranking above many other series in the Batman category. Scott West of Sciencefiction.com gave the series' third arc a positive review, stating that "After last month's disappointing ‘Night of the Owls’ tie-in issue, it's nice to see ‘Detective Comics’ getting back to where it should be...good detective stories." The relaunched "Detective Comics" received the award for "Best Series" at the 2012 Stan Lee Awards. The series' first collected edition would reach the number 1 spot on "The New York Times" Best Seller list in the category of "Hardcover Graphic Books".


title: Detective Comics

text: Daniel wrote and penciled the series until the "Night of the Owls" crossover, at which point Ed Benes, Julio Ferreira, and Eduardo Pansica began drawing the series for a three-issue arc. The price of "Detective Comics" was increased due to the addition of a backup feature starring Batman villain Two-Face, which was written by Daniel and illustrated by Syzmon Kudranski, this followed a similar backup featuring Professor Hugo Strange. Daniel left the series with issue #12 being his last as writer and the "0" issue his last as penciller.


title: Detective Comics

text: DC celebrated the first anniversary of The New 52 in September 2012 by publishing a number "0" of each original "New 52" title which act as prequels to the series and reveal previously unexplained plot elements. Gregg Hurwitz wrote the "0" issue. Hurwitz was approached by Daniel to write the "0" issue due to Daniel's busy schedule. To follow up on the "Night of the Owls" elements in "Detective Comics", Daniel wrote "Detective Comics Annual" #1, which was pencilled by Romano Molenaar and inked by Sandu Florea.


title: Detective Comics

text: Following Daniel's tenure on the series, John Layman became the new writer and Jason Fabok the new artist with James Tynion IV writing the backup features and Syzmon Kudranski remaining as artist for Tynion's first feature. With issue #19 of "Detective Comics" vol. 2, released on April 3, 2013, the series reached 900 issues as combined with the first volume of the series, and was a special oversized celebratory issue. Under Layman, the series featured its first crossover, "Gothtopia" after which Layman and Fabok moved to the "Batman Eternal" series and "Detective Comics" was taken over by Brain Buccalleto and Francis Manapul.


title: Detective Comics

text: In commemoration of the second anniversary of The New 52, DC Comics announced "Villains Month" with "Detective Comics" getting four issues. The issues starred Poison Ivy, Harley Quinn, the Scarecrow, and the Man-Bat, and, respectively, being numbered #23.1, #23.2, #23.3, and #23.4, by an ensemble of writers and artists.


title: Detective Comics

text: For the 75th anniversary of Batman, issue #27 was a larger-sized issue featuring new stories by Brad Meltzer and Bryan Hitch, Scott Snyder and Sean Murphy, Peter Tomasi and Ian Bertram, John Layman and Jason Fabok, Gregg Hurwitz and Neal Adams, Mike W. Barr and Guillem March, and one written and drawn by Francesco Francavilla. In addition, variant covers to the issue were by Greg Capullo, Frank Miller, Chris Burnham, Jim Lee, Jason Fabok, and Tony Daniel. Single page artwork included work by Kelley Jones, Mike Allred, Patrick Gleason, and Jock.


title: Detective Comics

text: In February 2016, DC Comics announced that as part of the company's continuity relaunch called DC Rebirth, "Detective Comics" would resume its original numbering system with June 2016's issue #934. The 52 issues of "Detective Comics" volume 2 (2011-2016) were added to the original count of 881 issues from "Detective Comics" volume 1 (1937-2011), making "Detective Comics" #934 the premier issue following the end of the DC Rebirth initiative. The series was published twice-monthly.


title: Detective Comics

text: The creative team beginning with issue #934 included writer James Tynion IV and artists Eddy Barrows and Alvaro Martinez. The series featured a team led by Batman and Batwoman (Kate Kane), operating out of a secondary base in the heart of Gotham known as the Belfry. Team members initially included Red Robin (Tim Drake), Spoiler (Stephanie Brown), Orphan (Cassandra Cain) and Clayface (Basil Karlo), with Batwing (Luke Fox) and Azrael (Jean-Paul Valley) later recruited as new members. Zatanna also briefly joins the team as a guest star in several issues. This status quo ended with the conclusion of Tynion's run on the series in issue #981, published May 2018. During the interim period without a permanent writer, Bryan Edward Hill wrote the story arc "On the Outside" starring Batman, Orphan, Signal, Katana and Black Lightning over issues #983-987 as a prelude to his ongoing series "Batman and the Outsiders". The next regular writer, Peter Tomasi, began on the series with issue #994, published December 2018. Tomasi's run as writer continued for two years until issue #1033, published December 2020.


title: Detective Comics

text: On March 27, 2019, DC Comics released the series' 1,000th issue, marking the second American comic book in history to reach that milestone after "Action Comics" in 2018. The issue, which coincided with Batman's 80th anniversary, is an anthology featuring several stories from a variety of different creative teams.


title: Detective Comics

text: Writer Mariko Tamaki began on the series with issue #1034 as part of the Infinite Frontier line-wide relaunch. In April 2022, it was announced that Ram V and Rafael Albuquerque would serve as the new creative team starting with issue #1062.


title: Detective Comics

text: The "Detective Comics" series has been collected into a number of trade paperbacks and hardback collections.


title: Detective Comics

text: "The Batman Chronicles" series plans to reprint every Batman adventure in color, in chronological order, in affordable trade paperbacks. It is not to be confused with the now-finished series of the same name.


title: Detective Comics

text: All "Showcase Presents" collections are large (over 500 pages), softcover, black and white only reprints.


title: Detective Comics

text: Starting in 2014, DC began releasing character retrospective anthologies, several of which feature issues of "Detective Comics"


title: Detective Comics

text: These hardcover books reprint issues by particular creators and contain many issues of "Detective Comics", as well as other Batman titles.


title: Detective Comics

text: Many of these other editions are anthologies containing comics from titles other than "Detective Comics". Titles here are presented as close to chronologically as possible.


title: Detective Comics

text: The New 52 saw every DC Comics series collected in its entirety in trade paperback form. Notably, collected volumes of "Detective Comics" vol. 2 were published in hardcover editions first, with paperback editions being delayed until the release of the next hardcover volume.


title: Detective Comics

text: Material from "Detective Comics" vol. 2 was also included in several collections of crossover events, each printed in both hardcover and softcover. In each case, the material consisted of tie-ins to the main event.


title: Detective Comics

text: Volumes 1-5 were published with DC Rebirth trade dress on the cover. This was dropped from volume 6 onwards, coinciding with the end of "DC Rebirth" branding on the series from issue #970 onwards.


title: Detective Comics

text: Numbering on the collected editions was restarted from volume 1 with the start of Peter Tomasi's run as writer in issue #994. The first three volumes were published in hardcover editions first, before being reprinted in paperback.


title: Detective Comics

text: In 2000 and 2001, DC reprinted several of its most notable issues in the "Millennium Edition" series. Seven issues of "Detective Comics" were reprinted in this format.


title: Murder by Numbers

text: Murder by Numbers is a 2002 American psychological thriller film produced and directed by Barbet Schroeder and starring Sandra Bullock in the main role, Ben Chaplin, Ryan Gosling, and Michael Pitt. It is loosely based on the Leopold and Loeb case. The film was screened at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival, but was not entered in competition.


title: Murder by Numbers

text: Richard Haywood (Ryan Gosling) and Justin Pendleton (Michael Pitt) are high school classmates; Richard is wealthy and popular, while Justin is a brilliant introvert. After months of planning a "perfect crime," they abduct a woman at random, strangle her, and plant evidence implicating Richard's marijuana dealer, janitor Ray Feathers. Detective Cassie Mayweather (Sandra Bullock) and her new partner Sam Kennedy (Ben Chaplin) investigate. Cassie has sex with Sam early on as she had with previous partners, but won't let him see her chest, and curtly sends him home afterwards.


title: Murder by Numbers

text: Footprints at the crime scene lead to Richard, and vomit nearby implicates Justin. Both have alibis, and deny knowing each other, but Cassie is convinced that Richard is the murderer and Justin is involved. Sam criticizes her refusal to consider other suspects, as most of the physical evidence points away from the two boys. Cassie's boss, Captain Rod Cody, and her ex, Assistant D.A. Al Swanson, fearing Richard's influential parents, take Cassie off the case. Richard kills Ray, and makes it appear like a suicide. Sam, following the planted evidence, tracks down Ray. When he finds Ray dead, the woman's murder appears solved; but Sam decides that Cassie may be right, and continues the investigation.


title: Murder by Numbers

text: Justin, who has a crush on classmate Lisa Mills, works up the courage to ask her out. A jealous Richard seduces Lisa, then gives Justin a video clip of them having sex. Justin is enraged, but regains control, knowing Sam is still watching them. Cassie begins receiving calls from her ex-husband Carl Hudson, who went to prison for stabbing her in the chest 17 times. His parole hearing is coming up, and he wants her to speak on his behalf. Cassie confides to Sam that although she became a cop to prove to herself that she wasn't a victim, she is terrified at the prospect of seeing Carl again. She also confesses that Richard reminds her of Carl, which is why she is convinced of Richard's guilt, and obsessed with proving it.


title: Murder by Numbers

text: Sam and Cassie bring Richard and Justin in for separate interrogations, trying to induce them to implicate each other, but neither of them talk, and both are released. At the victim's home, Cassie determines how the boys carried out the abduction and altered the physical evidence. Justin and Richard, knowing that Cassie is closing in on them, flee to an abandoned house, where Richard produces two revolvers and proposes a mutual suicide. On the count of three, Justin shoots into the air, but Richard does not. Justin demands to see Richard's gun, which is unloaded. As a furious Justin is about to shoot Richard, Cassie arrives. Richard grabs Justin's gun and shoots at Cassie, wounding Justin instead. Cassie gives chase, but Richard strangles her on a rickety balcony jutting out over a cliff. Cassie gains the upper hand and knocks Richard off the balcony; he falls to his death. Justin grabs Cassie, who is hanging on the edge of the balcony, and pulls her back into the house.


title: Murder by Numbers

text: Cassie assures Justin that she will intercede on his behalf, since he was an innocent dupe, manipulated by the ruthless Richard. Then she notices a mark on her neck caused by Richard's large ring, and realizes that the dead woman's neck did not have a similar mark. Confronted with the evidence, Justin confesses that he strangled the victim, proving his "courage" to Richard, and is arrested.


title: Murder by Numbers

text: Cassie faces her fears and enters the courtroom to testify at Carl's parole hearing. The bailiff calls her to the stand by her legal name: Jessica Marie Hudson.


title: Murder by Numbers

text: The film was released April 19, 2002 in the United States and Canada and grossed $9.3 million in 2,663 theaters its opening weekend, ranking #3 at the box office. The film grossed a total of $56,714,147 worldwide — $31,945,749 in the United States and Canada and $24,768,398 in other territories.


title: Murder by Numbers

text: Reviews for the film were generally mixed. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 31% of critics have given the film a positive review based on 128 reviews, with an average rating of 5.30/10. The site's critics consensus reads, "A predictable police procedural that works better as a character study rather than a thriller." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 50 out of 100 based on 35 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


title: Murder by Numbers

text: Roger Ebert awarded three stars out of a possible four, stating: "Bullock does a good job here of working against her natural likability, creating a character you'd like to like, and could like, if she weren't so sad, strange and turned in upon herself. She throws herself into police work not so much because she's dedicated as because she needs the distraction, needs to keep busy and be good to assure herself of her worth. As she draws the net closer, and runs into more danger and more official opposition, the movie more or less helplessly starts thinking to itself about that cliff above the sea, but at least the climax shows us that Bullock can stay in character no matter what."


title: Murder by Numbers

text: A. O. Scott, writing for "The New York Times", said that "much of this new Barbet Schroeder film -- a star vehicle for Sandra Bullock, who is also an executive producer -- follows well-worn paths of the cops-and-psycho-killer routine." He rather snarkily describes Haywood and Pendleton as "a pair of teenage Nietzsche-heads who might be appearing in a remake of Alfred Hitchcock's "Rope" for The WB network." Scott adds,


title: Murder by Numbers

text: The real surprise, given the secondhand material, is that not everything proceeds by rote in "Murder by Numbers", which opens today [19 April 2002] nationwide. The rickety structure of the movie's main plot sustains some clammy and fascinating psychological inquiry, and one suspects that, as in "Single White Female", Mr. Schroeder's interest is less in the story than in the possibilities it affords for exercising his perverse, chilly curiosity about power, intimacy and the varieties of human distress. This movie is most interesting as a study of two parallel relationships, neither one primarily sexual (though sexuality is the subtext of one and the half-accidental consequence of the other), but both saturated with enough longing, envy, tenderness and loathing to make actual sex a bit redundant."


title: Murder by Numbers

text: Scott also remarks briefly on "the scene in which [Cassie] is attacked by an angry baboon. The baboon, at least, is unexpected, though also inexplicable."


title: Nolan Arenado

text: Nolan James Arenado (; born April 16, 1991) is an American professional baseball third baseman for the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball (MLB). Arenado is widely recognized as an elite third baseman, both offensively and defensively. He is the only infielder to win the Rawlings Gold Glove Award in each of his first ten MLB seasons. He made his MLB debut with the Colorado Rockies in 2013 and was traded to the Cardinals before the 2021 season.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: A native of Newport Beach, California, Arenado attended El Toro High School in Lake Forest before becoming the Rockies' second-round selection in the 2009 MLB draft. A six-time MLB All-Star, his defensive accolades (in addition to his ten Gold Gloves) include four total (and three consecutive) Fielding Bible Awards and three consecutive Wilson Defensive Player of the Year Awards, as well as six consecutive Rawlings Platinum Gloves. Offensively, he is a five-time Silver Slugger Award winner and has twice led the league in both home runs and runs batted in (RBI), and currently leads all major leaguers in RBIs since the start of the 2015 season.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: During his minor league career, Arenado was a two-time All-Star Futures Game selection, and led the minor leagues in RBI in 2011 with 155 over 163 total games. In 2016, Arenado became the youngest player in Rockies franchise history to reach 100 home runs. He played for the United States national team in the 2017 World Baseball Classic (WBC), winning Team USA's first gold medal in a WBC tournament. He has hit for the cycle twice: once on June 18, 2017, and again on July 1, 2022. He became the sixth player in history to finish off such a performance with a walk-off home run. In 2017, he became the 11th major leaguer and first third baseman in history to drive in 130 or more runs in three successive seasons.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: Nolan James Arenado was born in Newport Beach, California, and raised in nearby Lake Forest, an Orange County city sandwiched between Irvine, Mission Viejo and Laguna Hills. His father, Fernando, is of Cuban ancestry, and his mother, Millie, a native of Queens, New York, is of Cuban and Puerto Rican ancestry. He has an older brother, Fernando Jr., and his younger brother, Jonah, was a corner infielder in the San Francisco Giants organization. A first cousin, Josh Fuentes, is an infielder who has played for the Rockies.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: Arenado grew up a Los Angeles Dodgers fan. He attended El Toro High School in Lake Forest, and played shortstop on the school's baseball team with fellow future major leaguers Austin Romine and Matt Chapman. In 2008, Arenado's junior year, El Toro won the California Interscholastic Federation Southern Section championship. He was named to the "Los Angeles Times" All-Star team after leading his division with a .456 batting average, 32 runs batted in (RBI), and 33 runs scored.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: As a senior, Arenado batted .517, .615 on-base percentage (OBP), five home runs (HR), 14 doubles, and a triple, and was again named to the "Los Angeles Times" All-Star team. He committed to attend Arizona State University (ASU) on a college baseball scholarship.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: The Colorado Rockies selected Arenado in the second round with the 59th overall selection of the 2009 MLB draft. Rather than attend ASU, he signed with the Rockies, and made his professional baseball debut with the Casper Ghosts of the Rookie-level Pioneer League, where he batted .300. In 2010, Arenado played for the Asheville Tourists of the Class A South Atlantic League, where he posted a .308 batting average and 41 doubles.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: Before the 2011 season, "Baseball America" ranked Arenado as the Rockies' third-best prospect and 80th overall. He was highly acclaimed as a hitter, less so as a defender. While playing for the Modesto Nuts of the Class A-Advanced California League, he began working harder on his defense. While he had previously demonstrated exceptional arm strength and soft hands, they were neutralized by his inept footwork. Arenado later recalled that he “had really bad feet,” and “was too lazy,” for which Modesto manager Jerry Weinstein relentlessly scolded him. He tasked Arenado to take ground balls earlier than the other players and to move rapidly and precisely and maintain readiness at third base. In addition, Arenado began lifting weights in earnest while pushing himself to improve. The work ultimately gave him a combination of explosive vigor, ingenuity, and finesse that allowed him to cover large areas and make good long and short throws from postures ranging from upright to nearly laying down.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: Along with Wilin Rosario, Arenado represented the Rockies at the 2011 All-Star Futures Game. His first-half totals included a .283 batting average with six home runs and 42 RBI. He finished the season with a .298 batting average and 20 home runs, leading the minor leagues with 122 RBI. Later in the year, he was named the Most Valuable Player (MVP) of the Arizona Fall League (AFL) after hitting .388 with six home runs and 33 RBI. In 163 games combined in the California League and AFL in 2011, Arenado batted .315 with 201 base hits, 155 RBI, 26 home runs and 44 doubles. Playing for the Tulsa Drillers of the Class AA Texas League in 2012, he was again named to appear in the All-Star Futures Game. He finished the year with a .285 batting average, 12 home runs, and 56 RBI.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: Despite a strong spring training showing in 2013, the Rockies optioned Arenado to the Colorado Springs Sky Sox of the Class AAA Pacific Coast League (PCL) to start the season. Through April 28, he batted .364, 1.059 on-base plus slugging percentage (OPS), three home runs, and 21 RBI with Colorado Springs. At that point, Colorado promoted him to the major league club, and designated Chris Nelson for assignment to make room on the roster.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: Arenado went 0-for-3 in his MLB debut against the Arizona Diamondbacks at Chase Field. He recorded his first three MLB hits in his second game—including his first MLB home run off of pitcher Josh Wall—in a 12–2 win versus the Los Angeles Dodgers. In his sixth game, he hit his first major league grand slam and second career home run off Tampa Bay Rays pitcher David Price. Arenado's defensive dominance translated smoothly to the major leagues, as ESPN.com published on September 7 that he would have ranked second for a hypothetical National League (NL) Defensive MVP Award. He trailed only shortstop Andrelton Simmons for the league lead in Defensive Runs Saved (DRS), 38–30. He appeared in 133 major league games and slashed .267/.301/.405 with 10 home runs and 52 RBI. Defensively, he led NL third basemen in range factor both per game (3.08) and per nine innings (3.24), and was second in putouts (91), assists (309) and double plays turned (tied with two others with 27).


title: Nolan Arenado

text: On October 29, 2013, Arenado became the first NL rookie to win a Rawlings Gold Glove Award at third base, and the first in both major leagues since Frank Malzone won in the American League in 1957. Arenado tied for seventh place with Evan Gattis in the NL Rookie of the Year Award voting which was won by José Fernández with Arenado receiving the most votes as a third baseman.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: The first multi-home run game of Arenado's career occurred on April 5, 2014, against Brandon McCarthy of the Arizona Diamondbacks in a 9–4 Rockies win. On May 8, Arenado hit safely in his 28th consecutive game to break the Rockies' franchise hit streak record, which Michael Cuddyer set the previous season. On May 23, Arenado suffered a mallet fracture of his left middle finger on a headfirst slide into second base in a game against the Atlanta Braves, and was subsequently placed on the 15-day disabled list (DL).


title: Nolan Arenado

text: Arenado missed 37 games due to the fracture and returned on June 28. He earned his first career NL Player of the Week Award for the week ending August 24. He batted .545 with a 1.645 OPS and 12 hits, three doubles, one triple, two home runs, three RBI, and six runs scored. Due to a chest contusion and early onset pneumonia, Arenado missed additional time at the end of the season. On the year, he batted .287/.328/.500, hitting 18 home runs and driving in 61 runs. He won his second Gold Glove Award despite playing in just 111 games.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: In 2015, Arenado earned his second NL Player of the Week Award on June 28, hitting a major league-leading three multi-home runs games in six games, seven home runs and 14 RBI. He also scored 10 times, second-highest in the major leagues. He became an MLB All-Star for the first time as a National League reserve at Great American Ball Park in Cincinnati. At the time his selection was announced, he was fifth in the majors in home runs with 24 and led in RBI with 68. He had hit more home runs in road games than at Coors Field (15 to nine), more RBI (37 to 31) and posted higher on-base (.318 to .309) and slugging (.615 to .580) percentages. Playing against the San Francisco Giants on September 5, Arenado homered in his sixth consecutive game, breaking the Rockies' team record of five which Dante Bichette and Larry Walker shared. He won his first NL Player of the Month award in September, batting .339 and leading the major leagues with 11 home runs, 32 RBI, and 79 total bases. He collected an NL-leading 38 hits and was second in the league with .705 SLG.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: For the 2015 season, Arenado tied Bryce Harper for the NL home run title with 42, and led the National League with 130 RBI and 354 total bases. In addition, he batted .287 with a .323 OBP, .575 SLG, .898 OPS, 43 doubles, and 11 sacrifice flies (leading the majors) on his way to winning his first Silver Slugger Award for third basemen. He was the first Rockies player to lead the NL in home runs since Walker hit 49 in 1997 and the first to lead the majors in RBI since Andrés Galarraga with 150 in 1996. Additionally, Arenado set a major league record for extra base hits by a third baseman in one season with 89, surpassing Chipper Jones' total of 87 in 1999.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: On defense, Arenado won his third consecutive Gold Glove, and, for the first time, was the major league-wide winner among third basemen for both the Fielding Bible and the Wilson Defensive Player of the Year Awards. He became the second Rockies player to win the Fielding Bible at any position, following shortstop Troy Tulowitzki. The Colorado Sports Hall of Fame named Arenado the winner of their Professional Athlete of the Year Award for 2015. He received official consideration for the NL MVP Award for the first time, ranking eighth in voting behind Harper, Paul Goldschmidt, Joey Votto, Anthony Rizzo, Andrew McCutchen, Jake Arrieta, and Zack Greinke.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: Arenado and the Rockies avoided salary arbitration on January 15, 2016, agreeing to a one-year, $5 million contract, a raise from $512,000 in 2015. He was named NL co-Player of the Week with Harper for April 18 after leading the NL with four home runs and 12 RBI. He also carried an .852 SLG, led the NL with 23 total bases, and tied for second with seven runs scored. Arenado made his second All-Star Game, played at Petco Park in San Diego. He hit his 100th career home run on August 8, making him the youngest player in franchise history to do so, at just under age 25 years and four months.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: In September Arenado became the second player aged 25 and younger within the previous 75 seasons to drive in 125 runs in successive seasons. Overall, in 160 games, Arenado finished the year tied with Chris Carter for the National League at a batting average of .294, 182 hits, 35 doubles, 116 runs scored, an MLB-leading 133 RBI, 82 extra base hits, 68 walks (double the number from 2015), a .362 OBP, a .570 SLG and a .932 OPS. Arenado won his fourth consecutive Gold Glove at the third base position, becoming the first third baseman in MLB history to win four Gold Gloves in his first four seasons, as well as his second Silver Slugger, Fielding Bible and Wilson Defensive Player of the Year Awards. He also became the first player in Rockies history to lead the Majors in RBIs in two separate seasons. Arenado finished in fifth place in the NL MVP Award voting behind Kris Bryant, Daniel Murphy, Corey Seager and Rizzo, receiving almost double the number of vote points as he had gotten the year before (199 points in 2016 vs. 102 in 2015).


title: Nolan Arenado

text: Before spring training, on January 13, 2017, Arenado and the Rockies avoided arbitration for the second straight year by agreeing to a two-year, $29.5 million contract. He received $11,750,000 for 2017 followed by $17,750,000 during the 2018 season. On June 18, he hit for the cycle against the San Francisco Giants. The home run was a walk-off hit off closer Mark Melancon, finishing off a 7−5 Rockies win. It was just the sixth time in MLB history that a hitter completed the cycle with a walk-off home run; Arenado's teammate Carlos González was the previous to do so, on July 31, 2010. The 288th cycle in MLB history, Arenado's was the eighth by a Rockies player, and the 17th overall at Coors Field. During the June 28 game against the Giants, he knocked down a line drive batted by pitcher Ty Blach as he was facing third base, spun on his stomach, and, without getting up on his feet, threw out Blach at first base.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: For the first time in his career, Arenado was selected to start in the MLB All-Star Game, played at Marlins Park in Miami, after receiving the most fan votes of all National League third baseman. His third overall selection, Arenado batted sixth and collected two singles in two at bats. Arenado set career-highs with three home runs and five hits, while tying a career-high seven RBI in an 18–4 rout of the San Diego Padres on July 19. He tied the franchise record held by Jeff Cirillo and Todd Walker for the number of total bases in a single game with 14, and became the first player in Rockies history to reach both three home runs and five hits in a single game. He also became the first player in the majors to reach 80 RBI. Named Player of the Week for the fourth time of his career on July 23, Arenado hit .458/.480/1.000 with four home runs and 13 RBI in five games. He later won the Player of the Month Award for July, his second monthly award, after hitting .389/.423/.744 with eight home runs, 35 hits, 15 extra base hits, 30 RBIs and 18 runs scored in 22 games.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: With a two-run home run versus José Ureña of the Miami Marlins on August 11, Arenado became the first major leaguer of 2017 to reach 100 RBI for the third year in a row, doing so in 112 games. He had batted .441 and 77 RBI with runners in scoring position (RISP) in those 112 games. He was ejected by umpire Pat Hoberg from the August 12 game in the seventh inning versus Miami for throwing his bat. Arenado's batting turn was up in the ninth inning, before Miami prevailed, 4–3. A pitch from Vance Worley on August 14 hit him on the left hand. An X-ray revealed no fractures, and he was ruled to miss the DL, but swelling resulted. On September 16 versus the Padres, Arenado drove in his 125th run of the season, becoming the first third baseman and first Rockies player to do so in three consecutive seasons. Later that September, he became the 11th player and 1st third baseman in major league history to drive in 130 or more runs in three consecutive seasons. Writing for "The Sporting News," Joe Rivera noted, that per Fangraphs, Arenado was the fourth player in history to net at least 100 defensive runs saved within his first five seasons (103). Through September 28, he had batted .365 and 1.297 OPS in situations of two outs and runners in scoring position for the season. Making his first postseason appearance in the NL Wild Card Game, Arenado went 1-for-5 with a home run and two runs scored as the Rockies lost to the Diamondbacks 11–8 at Chase Field, ending their season.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: Arenado finished the season with a .309 batting average, 187 hits, 43 doubles, seven triples, 37 home runs (tied for third most in the league with teammate Charlie Blackmon and Miami's Marcell Ozuna), and 130 RBI. The RBI total was second to Giancarlo Stanton for the major league lead by two, resulting in Arenado just missing leading the majors for a third consecutive season. He also scored 100 runs, produced 87 extra base hits, 355 total bases, 62 walks, nine intentional walks, three stolen bases, .373 OBP, .586 SLG and .959 OPS over 159 games. He established or tied career highs in batting average, hits, doubles, triples, total bases, stolen bases, OBP, SLG and OPS.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: End of campaign awards for Arenado included a selection as the third baseman of "Baseball America"'s All-MLB Team and third successive Silver Slugger Award. He was the Players Choice for the Majestic Athletic Always Game Award, identifying "the player who constantly exhibits grit, tenacity, perseverance and hustle on and off the field, all for the benefit of his teammates and fans." An amplitude of defensive accolades eventualized including a fifth straight Gold Glove Award, making him the first infielder to arrogate this in each of his first five seasons in the major leagues. Only Ichiro Suzuki, as a right fielder, won more Gold Gloves to start his career (10). Arenado won his first Platinum Glove Award as the finest defensive member of all the National League, and a third succedent promotion of both the Fielding Bible and Wilson Defensive Player of the Year Awards for third base. He clinched fourth place in the NL MVP voting—the highest ranking of his career—behind Stanton, Votto and Goldschmidt, and ahead of fifth-place Blackmon.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: Prior to the 2018 season, "Sports Illustrated" ranked Arenado as the eighth top overall player, and the "best defensive infielder in baseball. Third base is the deepest position in baseball today, but none can quite do what Arenado can." The Rockies and he agreed to defer contract extension negotiations until after the season.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: On April 11, San Diego Padres pitcher Luis Perdomo threw a pitch behind Arenado, who charged the mound and incited a bench-clearing brawl. Two days later, the league suspended Arenado and Perdomo for five games. In his first game back, Arenado hit his 150th career home run versus Kyle Hendricks in a 16−5 loss to the Chicago Cubs. After homering and collecting at least two hits in each of four consecutive games, Arenado was named NL Player of the Week on June 25. His aggregate included .379/.419/.955 with five home runs, two doubles, seven runs scored, and 13 RBI.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: After producing a first half batting .305, 22 home runs and 63 RBI, Arenado was voted to start the 2018 MLB All-Star Game for the second year in a row, and fourth selection overall. He finished his 2018 campaign slashing .297/.374/.561 with 38 home runs and 110 RBIs in 156 games, while also scoring 104 runs and notching 175 hits, 38 doubles, a career-high 73 walks, 331 total bases, 78 extra base hits, a .935 OPS, and a career-high 133 OPS+. After the season, he won his sixth consecutive Gold Glove and fourth consecutive Silver Slugger. He also won his second consecutive Rawlings Platinum Glove Award with his former high school teammate Matt Chapman. He also finished third in MVP voting behind the Cubs’ Javier Baez and the Brewers’ Christian Yelich.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: On February 26, 2019, Arenado agreed to an eight-year, $260 million contract extension with the Rockies. On May 25, he hit his 200th career home run, a three-run go-ahead shot, against the Baltimore Orioles. He was selected by fan vote to start in the MLB All-Star Game at third base for the National League, hosted in Cleveland.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: Arenado finished the 2019 season hitting .315/.379/.583 in 154 games and making just nine errors, setting new career-highs in batting average, OBP, fielding percentage (.980), fWAR (5.9), bWAR (6.7), and on-base plus slugging (.962). He also ranked third in the National League in hits (185) and total bases (343), fourth in RBIs (118), and fifth in home runs (41), runs scored (104), batting average, slugging percentage and OPS. He also won his seventh straight Gold Glove Award and his third straight Platinum Glove Award and finished sixth in the MVP voting.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: During the offseason, it was reported that Arenado was unhappy in Colorado and had requested a trade, stating "there’s a lot of disrespect from people there that I don’t want to be a part of." General manager Jeff Bridich claimed that "we have listened to teams regarding Nolan and really nothing has come of it" and Arenado remained with Colorado for the 2020 season. In the pandemic-shortened 2020 season, Arenado batted .253/.303/.434 with eight home runs and 26 RBIs in 48 games. He won his eighth consecutive Gold Glove Award at third base, tying Scott Rolen for the third-most Gold Gloves at the position.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: On February 1, 2021, the St. Louis Cardinals acquired Arenado from the Rockies along with $51 million in exchange for Austin Gomber, Mateo Gil, Tony Locey, Elehuris Montero and Jake Sommers.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: Arenado hit his first home run as a Cardinal on March 29 at Great American Ball Park in a 9–6 loss to the Cincinnati Reds. He hit his first home run at Busch Stadium as a Cardinal in the team's home opener on April 8, a go-ahead two-run homer in a game in which the Cardinals won 3–1 over the Milwaukee Brewers. Arenado was named the National League's starting third baseman at the 2021 Major League Baseball All-Star Game in Denver. Arenado finished the 2021 season batting .255/.312/.494 with 34 home runs and 105 RBIs. Defensively, he led National League third basemen in putouts (125), double plays (38), and range factor per game (2.66). He won the Gold Glove Award at third base, one of five Cardinals to win that year, an MLB record. His ninth consecutive Gold Glove tied him with Mike Schmidt for the most consecutive awards by a National League third baseman. After the season, Arenado could have opted out of his contract with the Cardinals and become a free agent, but chose to remain with the club.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: On April 27, 2022, Arenado was ejected for inciting a bench-clearing brawl against the New York Mets after yelling at Yoan López for throwing near his head, assuming the throw was retaliation for the Cardinals having hit three Mets batters the night before. Arenado received a two-game suspension for the incident, but the suspension was reduced to one game after an appeal. He was named April Player of the Month for the National League after having batted .375 with five home runs, 17 RBIs, 12 extra-base hits and a league-leading 1.125 OPS. He was the first Cardinals third baseman to win the award since Ken Reitz in May of 1977.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: Arenado struggled mightily in May, batting a .196 average during the month. He was able to turn it around in the following months of June and July, batting .309 with 10 home runs and 28 runs batted in.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: On July 1, 2022, Arenado hit for his second career cycle in a 5–3 loss to the Philadelphia Phillies at Citizens Bank Park. He hit an RBI triple in the first inning, a two-run homer in the third inning, doubled in the sixth, and in the ninth, singled on a hard-hit grounder that caromed off third baseman Matt Vierling's glove. It was the 17th cycle in Cardinals history. The following game, Arenado hit the first of four consecutive home runs on July 2, 2022, the 11th such occurrence in major league history. Teammates Nolan Gorman, Juan Yepez and Dylan Carlson each followed suit off starter Kyle Gibson with two outs in the first inning. It was the first time that the Cardinals had accomplished the feat, and the first time that it occurred in the first inning. Arenado later won the game for St. Louis in the ninth inning with his second home run of the game, 7–6, which was also the 5,000th at bat of his career. Arenado was selected to represent the Cardinals at the All-Star Game in Los Angeles.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: On July 24, it was announced that Arenado, along with teammate Paul Goldschmidt, would not be allowed to travel with the Cardinals to Toronto for a scheduled series against the Blue Jays, due to his lack of a COVID-19 vaccination.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: Arenado was named NL Player of the Month for August. During the month, he batted a .364 average with 9 home runs and 29 runs batted in. His performance lead St. Louis to a 22-7 record in August.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: Arenado finished the 2022 season batting .293/.358/.533 with 30 home runs and 103 RBIs, making it seven seasons with 30+ home runs and 100+ runs batted in in his 10-year career. He had the lowest ground ball percentage of all major leaguers (29.7%). Defensively, Arenado led all third basemen with an ultimate zone rating of 13. He was awarded his tenth consecutive Gold Glove Award, tying with Ichiro Suzuki for the most consecutive Gold Gloves to start a career. He was named a finalist for the National League Most Valuable Player Award alongside teammate Paul Goldschmidt and Manny Machado. Arenado was awarded the Rawling Platinum Glove for the 6th consecutive year, as well as his 5th Silver Slugger.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: On October 29, 2022, Arenado informed the Cardinals that he would again not opt out of his contract, ensuring he will remain in St. Louis through the 2027 season.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: Arenado played for the United States national baseball team in the 2017 World Baseball Classic (WBC). On March 22, 2017, Team USA won 8–0 over the previously undefeated Puerto Rico, the first time that the United States won the WBC.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: Arenado is exceptionally skilled in range, catching, and throwing, including arm strength and accuracy, even while throwing off-balance. Remarked "Denver Post" beat writer Patrick Saunders, "In every city I travel, writers, broadcasters, and fans rave about Arenado’s magic at the hot corner."


title: Nolan Arenado

text: Arenado is known to practice intensely and often. When Rockies manager Bud Black visited him at the campus of University of California, Irvine, in January 2017, Arenado asked to take ground balls at third base. Black marveled, “Very few big leaguers take grounders in January, because here comes February and March, and you’re gonna take thousands of them.”


title: Nolan Arenado

text: Arenado married his high school sweetheart, Laura Kwan, in December 2019. Their first child, a daughter, was born in August 2022.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: Arenado's favorite players are fellow third basemen Adrián Beltré of the Texas Rangers and Rockies teammate and outfielder Matt Holliday. Arenado apprised that he attempts to mimic Holliday's swing "because he stayed through the ball so much."


title: Nolan Arenado

text: Longtime Dodgers play-by-play announcer Vin Scully autographed the bat with which Arenado hit his 40th home run of 2016, during Scully's last season of broadcasting, and his final series of calling Dodgers' home games.


title: Nolan Arenado

text: Formerly, Arenado's agent was Scott Boras. As of November 2015, it was reported as Joel Wolfe of Wasserman Media Group.


title: The Lazarus Effect (2015 film)

text: The Lazarus Effect is a 2015 American supernatural horror film directed by David Gelb and written by Luke Dawson and Jeremy Slater. The film stars Mark Duplass, Olivia Wilde, Donald Glover, Evan Peters, and Sarah Bolger. The film was released on February 27, 2015, by Relativity Media. It received negative reviews from critics but was a box office success, grossing $38 million worldwide against a budget of $3 million.


title: The Lazarus Effect (2015 film)

text: At a university, medical researchers Dr. Frank Walton and his fiancée, Dr. Zoe McConnell, have developed a serum, code-named "Lazarus", intended to assist coma patients but shown to be able to actually bring the dead back to life. Videography student Eva joins them in the lab to document their project.


title: The Lazarus Effect (2015 film)

text: With the assistance of their lab associates, Niko and Clay, they run a successful trial on a recently euthanized dog, Rocky. However, Rocky displays several unusual psychological and physical phenomena after being revived by the serum: cataracts formerly present in his eyes abruptly dissolve, he loses his appetite, and he displays increased aggression. Tests reveal that the serum, instead of dissipating, is concentrated within Rocky's brain, where it is causing new synapses to be constructed.


title: The Lazarus Effect (2015 film)

text: When the dean of their university learns of their underground experiments, their project is shut down. They are also informed that a major pharmaceutical company has bought out the company that funded their research. The company confiscates everything associated with the project.


title: The Lazarus Effect (2015 film)

text: Frank and his team sneak back into their lab to duplicate the experiment so that they can prove that they created the serum. During this attempt, things go horribly wrong after Zoe is fatally electrocuted. Despite warnings from the others, a distraught Frank uses the serum to resurrect her. Initially, the procedure appears to be a success, but the team soon realizes that something is wrong with Zoe. She claims that when she died, she went to her version of Hell, which was a nightmare originating from her childhood: during a fire in her apartment building, she witnessed trapped neighbors burning to death. She also begins to demonstrate unusual psychic abilities as the serum begins to take effect.


title: The Lazarus Effect (2015 film)

text: They realize that the serum causes brains to "evolve" rapidly, giving Zoe superhuman abilities such as telekinesis and telepathy. It also causes increased aggression and insanity. Zoe eventually finds Eva and shows her the nightmarish Hell she experienced. It is revealed that Zoe was the one that caused the fire in the building, and she went to Hell when she died. Zoe kills Rocky and then attempts to seduce Niko, but after he refuses, she uses telekinesis to throw him into a locker and crush it with him inside, killing him. Using her new abilities, she cuts the power to the entire lab. When Clay demands to know where Niko is, she kills him by lodging an e-cigarette into his throat. Later, Zoe kills Frank after he attempts to inject her with poison. Zoe then injects herself with an entire bag of the serum, strengthening her abilities.


title: The Lazarus Effect (2015 film)

text: Eva, who is still alive and trying to locate Zoe to inject her, is left in the dark. Zoe eventually finds Eva, who is apparently able to escape and inject Zoe with the syringe, but it turns out to be an illusion; Zoe then kills Eva. Zoe then injects Frank with her own serum-saturated blood, successfully bringing him back from the dead.


title: The Lazarus Effect (2015 film)

text: On December 17, 2013, it was announced that the film (then titled "Lazarus") would be released on January 30, 2015, with Lionsgate distributing the film. On November 4, 2014, Relativity Media acquired the film from Lionsgate and set the film's release date for February 20, 2015. In December 2014, it was then announced that the film would be retitled "The Lazarus Effect", and be released a week later than previously planned, on February 27, 2015.


title: The Lazarus Effect (2015 film)

text: In North America, the film opened to number five in its first weekend, with $10,203,437, behind "Focus", "", "", and "Fifty Shades of Grey".


title: The Lazarus Effect (2015 film)

text: "The Lazarus Effect" received generally negative reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes 15% of 110 reviews were positive, with a average rating of 4/10. The site's consensus reads ""The Lazarus Effect" has a talented cast and the glimmer of an interesting idea, but wastes it all on insipid characters and dull, recycled plot points." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 31 out of 100, based on 29 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film a grade of "C−" on an A+ to F scale.


title: The Lazarus Effect (2015 film)

text: Frank Scheck of "The Hollywood Reporter" gave the film a negative review, saying "The film squanders whatever potential it had, not to mention the talents of such performers as Duplass and Wilde who clearly deserve better." James Rocchi of "The Wrap" gave the film four out of five stars, saying ""The Lazarus Effect" doesn't exactly break new ground, but it nonetheless finds plenty to relish in the mouldering bits it stitches together as it gives classic themes about death, life and the soul a literal and figurative shot in the arm." Geoff Berkshire of "Variety" gave the film a negative review, saying "Mark Duplass and Olivia Wilde struggle to breathe life into a recycled thriller about the horrors of reanimation." Mick LaSalle of the "San Francisco Chronicle" gave the film one out of four stars, saying "This is an 83-minute movie that feels a half hour longer and, if it weren't for the loud crescendos, it would put people to sleep." Claudia Puig of "USA Today" gave the film two and a half stars out of four, saying "Absorbing, well-crafted and appropriately tense, with a smart cast that raises it a notch above average." Lou Lumenick of the "New York Post" gave the film zero stars, saying "Looks like it was directed by a blind and deaf person over a weekend on a leftover laboratory set from a TV show and edited with a roulette wheel." Peter Keough of "The Boston Globe" gave the film a negative review, saying "There are lessons to be learned from this minimalist thriller. The first is that scaring people requires more than just tossing furniture around, turning the lights off and on, and basically sneaking up from behind and shouting "Boo!"


title: The Lazarus Effect (2015 film)

text: A.A. Dowd of "The A.V. Club" gave the film a C−, saying "Like too many horror films, this one seems targeted at a hypothetical audience using only 10 percent of its brainpower." Joe Neumaier of the "New York Daily News" gave the film two out of five stars, saying ""The Lazarus Effect", clocking in at a brief 86 minutes, doesn’t go far enough, isn’t scary enough and has mad scientists who just aren’t mad enough. You watch it hoping it revives itself, but that dream is dead and buried." Michael O'Sullivan of "The Washington Post" gave the film one out of four stars, saying "It staggers, zombielike, from one jump-scare to another before petering out, a scant 83 minutes after rising from the slab." Bruce Demara of the "Toronto Star" gave the film two out of four stars, saying "While "The Lazarus Effect" isn't the worst scary movie film you'll see this year, it is probably one of the most predictable and lazily plotted." James Berardinelli of "ReelViews" gave the film two out of four stars, saying ""The Lazarus Effect" begins with an intriguing premise then proceeds to squander all the early goodwill through a slow, inexorable descent into cheap horror gimmicks." Kevin C. Johnson of the "St. Louis Post-Dispatch" gave the film two out of four stars, saying ""The Lazarus Effect" boasts nothing special. It's not going to provide much relief for horror-starved audiences." Keith Staskiewicz of "Entertainment Weekly" gave the film a C−, saying "I would have loved to see more from the filmmakers, daring to fail while staking out some new terror incognita instead of just going through the motions of an experiment for which we already have the results."


title: Allen West (politician)

text: Allen Bernard West (born February 7, 1961) is an American politician and retired military officer. A member of the Republican Party, West represented in the United States House of Representatives from 2011 to 2013 and served as the chairman of the Republican Party of Texas from 2020 to 2021.


title: Allen West (politician)

text: West was born and raised in Atlanta, Georgia, and began his military career in 1983 after graduating from the University of Tennessee. He was deployed to Kuwait in 1991 and Iraq in 2003. In 2003, West was charged in an incident that involved the beating and simulated execution of an Iraqi policeman, with West firing a gun near the Iraqi man's head during an interrogation. After an Article 32 hearing was held, West accepted non-judicial punishment, was fined $5,000, and allowed to retire as a lieutenant colonel. After leaving the army, West moved to Florida, where he taught at a high school for a year and worked for a defense contractor, part of this time spent in Afghanistan as a civilian adviser to the Afghan National Army.


title: Allen West (politician)

text: West entered politics in 2008 as the Republican nominee for Florida's 22nd congressional district, losing to Democratic incumbent Ron Klein. In a rematch in 2010, he won the seat, coinciding with significant Republican gains in that year's midterm elections. West took office in January 2011 as the first African-American Republican member of Congress from Florida since Josiah T. Walls left office in 1876 near the end of Reconstruction. In Congress, West was a high-profile member of the Tea Party Caucus and the Tea Party movement. Widely described as a "firebrand conservative", West stirred controversy during his time in Congress for incendiary comments about Islam, descriptions of President Barack Obama as a "low-level Socialist agitator", and unfounded accusations that 81 Democratic members of Congress were members of the Communist Party. Redistricting due to the 2010 census resulted in West switching to for the 2012 House elections. He lost to Democratic nominee Patrick Murphy in what was the most expensive congressional House race that year.


title: Allen West (politician)

text: West ran for the chairmanship of the Republican Party of Texas in 2020. West became the new state chairman after he defeated the incumbent chairman, James Dickey, on July 20, 2020. On June 4, 2021, West announced his resignation as GOP chair, fueling speculation that he would challenge Governor Greg Abbott in the 2022 gubernatorial primary. On July 4, 2021, West announced his run for Governor of Texas from his church in Carrollton, Texas. His resignation was effective July 11, when the State Republican Executive Committee met to select his successor. On the way out, West has received criticism within the Texas GOP for having a conflict of interest; it has been alleged that he should not have served as Texas GOP chair and campaigned for governor at the same time. He was defeated by Abbott in the primary.


title: Allen West (politician)

text: Allen Bernard West was born in Atlanta, Georgia, to Elizabeth (Thomas; 1931–1994) West and Herman West, Sr. (1920–1986) on February 7, 1961. His father and older brother were both career military officers; West's father served in World War II, and his brother served in Vietnam. His mother was a civilian employee of the United States Marine Corps. Although both of his parents were registered Democrats, West has remarked that they raised him "very conservatively".


title: Allen West (politician)

text: In the tenth grade of high school, West joined the Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps program. After graduation from high school, he attended the University of Tennessee, where he joined the Army ROTC program. Upon graduation from the University of Tennessee in 1983, he was commissioned as an officer in the Field Artillery branch and entered active duty in the U.S. Army. West is the third of four consecutive generations in his family to serve in the U.S. Armed Forces. He later received a master's degree in political science from Kansas State University. He also earned a master of military arts and sciences degree from the U.S. Army Command and General Staff Officer College in political theory and military history and operations.