title: Bobby Riggs

text: Riggs was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 1988. He and Lornie Kuhle founded the Bobby Riggs Tennis Club and Museum in Encinitas, California to increase awareness of the disease and house his memoirs/trophies. Riggs died on October 25, 1995, at his home in Leucadia, Encinitas, California, aged 77. He was survived by two sons from his first marriage, three children from his second marriage, two brothers and four grandchildren.


title: Bobby Riggs

text: In his final days, Riggs remained in friendly contact with Billie Jean King, and King phoned him often. She called him shortly before his death, offering to visit him, but he did not want her to see him in his condition. She phoned him one last time, the night before his death and, according to King in an HBO documentary about her, the last thing she told Riggs was "I love you."


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people in Ukraine face discrimination in various ways, historically the prevailing social and political attitudes have been intolerant of LGBT people and strong evidence suggest this attitude remains in parts of the wider society. While same-sex sexual activity between consenting adults is legal, same-sex couples do not receive the same legal protections and recognition as opposite-sex couples.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: Since the fall of the Soviet Union and Ukraine's independence in 1991, the Ukrainian LGBT community has gradually become more visible and more organized politically, organizing several LGBT events in Kyiv, Odesa, Kharkiv, and Kryvyi Rih. These events were protected by Ukrainian Police. While being connected to various religious traditions (Orthodox Church of Ukraine, Ukrainian Catholic Church, Roman Catholic Church, Lutheran Church, Baptist-Evangelicals, Pentecostals, Seventh-Day Adventists and other Protestant denominations, Orthodox and Reform Judaism, Sunni and Shia Islam, neo-paganism, etc.), the Ukrainian populace does not tend to force their beliefs on their fellow citizens -- in stark contrast to Putin's Russia, which has used anti-gay rhetoric as a component of its hybrid war against Ukraine. Protests against Pride Day events were often orchestrated by the so-called Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) separate from the Orthodox Church of Ukraine and managed by the Kremlin (along with politicians who had proposed suppressing freedom of speech and freedom of assembly for LGBT people by enacting so-called "anti-propaganda" laws that mimicked Russian Criminal Code, though as of 2022, all such bills have been either withdrawn or rejected).


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: In a 2010 European study, 28% of Ukrainians polled believed that LGBT individuals should live freely and however they like. However, by 2017, a poll found that 56% of Ukrainians believed that gay and bisexual individuals should enjoy equal rights, marking a significant shift in public opinion. Attitudes are becoming more accepting, in line with worldwide trends. In 2015, the Ukrainian Parliament approved an employment anti-discrimination law covering sexual orientation and gender identity, and in 2016, Ukrainian officials simplified the transition process for transgender people and began allowing gay and bisexual men to donate blood. Ukraine's desire to join the European Union has strongly impacted its approach to LGBT rights. In 2021 the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association has ranked Ukraine 39th out of 49 European countries in terms of LGBT rights legislation, similarly to EU members Lithuania and Romania.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: In the 2011 UN General Assembly declaration for LGBT rights, Ukraine was the only East Slavic country to express its support.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: As part of the Soviet Union, the Criminal Code banned same-sex sexuality. In 1991, the law was revised so as to better protect the right to privacy and homosexuality became legal. Today, the law relates to same-sex sexual activity when it involves prostitution with persons under the legal age of consent or public conduct that is deemed to be in violation of public decency standards. The age of consent is set at 16, regardless of gender and/or sexual orientation.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: Article 155 states that sexual intercourse with a person under the age of 16 committed by a person over the age of 18 shall be punishable. Additionally, according to Article 152 (since January 2019) sexual intercourse with a person under the age of 14 (regardless of his/her voluntary consent) is a rape. Since 2018, the law no longer makes reference to the concept of "sexual maturity", which existed in the former legislative framework.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: Article 51 of the Constitution specifically defines marriage as a voluntary union between a man and a woman. No legal recognition exists for same-sex marriage, nor is there any sort of more limited recognition for same-sex couples.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: On 23 November 2015, the Government approved an action plan to implement the National Strategy on human rights in the period up to 2020, which include the promise to draft a bill creating registered civil partnerships for opposite-sex and same-sex couples by 2017, among others. However, in early 2018, the Ministry of Justice stated that "the development and submission to the Government of a draft law on the legalization of a registered civil partnership in Ukraine cannot be implemented" due to "numerous appeals from the regional councils, the and other religious organizations".


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: In June 2018, the Justice Ministry confirmed that currently "there is no legal grounds" for same-sex marriage and civil partnerships in Ukraine.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: In July 2022, a petition in Ukraine asking for the legalisation of same-sex marriage reached over 28,000 signatures, all petitions in Ukraine that reach over 20,000 signatures automatically start the consideration of the President of Ukraine. On 2 August 2022, in response to the petition, Zelenskyy asked the Government of Ukraine to consider legalising same-sex marriage, while also stating that there could be no action as long as the Russo-Ukrainian war continues, as the constitution cannot be changed in wartime, but that there remains a possibility of clarification of same-sex unions by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine or for legalization of same-sex partnerships. Ironically, the same war has spurred efforts within the military to legalize same-sex marriage, because gay soldiers' partners are left without the same rights and privileges afforded to "traditional" marriages although they are fighting just as bravely as their fellow straight combat troops.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: Single persons who are citizens of Ukraine, regardless of sexual orientation, are allowed to adopt, but same-sex couples are explicitly banned from adoption (Clause 211 of Family Code of Ukraine). Additionally, the adopter must be at least 15 years older than the adopted child or 18 years older if adopting an adult. The law also mentions that persons "whose interests conflict with the interests of the child" may not be adopters, but whether this provision has ever been applied against gay adopters is unknown.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: Additional restrictions are placed on foreign adopters. Only couples married in a registered different-sex marriage are allowed to adopt children from Ukraine.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: However, lesbian couples are given more access to parenting than men, as IVF and assisted insemination treatments are legal.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: After having failed to gain enough votes on 5 and 9 November 2015, the Ukrainian Parliament approved an amendment to the Labor Code () banning sexual orientation and gender identity discrimination at work on 12 November 2015. A similar law (that law would have barred employers from rejecting workers based on their sexual orientation) was indefinitely postponed on 14 May 2013. The law passed on 12 November 2015 was an EU requirement for Ukraine to move forward in its application for visa-free travel to the Schengen Area. Before the vote of the bill, Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada Volodymyr Groysman strongly spoke out against same-sex marriage.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: There is a national hate crimes law that could be interpreted as including sexual orientation and gender identity, but that has not been decided by the courts.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: In November 2016, the Ukrainian Parliament refused to back the Istanbul Convention, a European domestic violence treaty, because its references to sexual orientation and gender violated what many Ukrainian lawmakers said were basic Christian values.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: Following the russian invasion of Ukraine, Ukraine backed the Istanbul Convention and became a signatory, which is a major step for Ukraine towards EU Membership.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: In December 2022, (despite a war) a very broad anti-discrimination bill passed unanimously by Ukraine lawmakers that explicitly includes both sexual orientation and gender identity - to cover all areas and aspects for Ukraine individuals on health, accommodation, employment, education, goods and services, housing and unions. For years previously only employment was exclusively covered, not other areas and aspects. The status of this law is still unclear, as it is said that this law only applies to ban incitement to hatred against LGBT in broadcasting.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: Transsexuality is classified as a psychiatric disorder in Ukraine. Sex reassignment surgery is legal, but it is only permissible for those over the age of 25 years.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: In 2011, the Ukrainian Civil Code was amended to allow transgender persons who have undergone surgery to change their name to better reflect their gender identity. In 2014, seven people had undergone sex reassignment surgery, and five people received new documentation.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: Since December 2016, new identity documents are issued before surgery is conducted. This followed an August 2016 ruling which ordered changes requested by two transgender people to their passports and all other documents without requiring them to undergo surgery. People with a child younger than 18 years old and married people can now also apply to transition. Previously, all applicants needed permission from a special commission of the Ministry of Healthcare, needed to spend 30 days in a psychiatric hospital (usually placed in the same wards with patients considered "mentally ill"), and needed to be "diagnosed with transsexuality". This is no longer required.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: Under the looming threat from Russia, on Friday December 17, 2021 new legislation was enacted that requires women to register for military service, if they are deemed medically fit for military service, are between the ages of 18 and 60, and work in specific professions. In the event of a major war, this expanded reserve of women would be mobilized as part of the national reserve to serve in a broad range of military specialties. According to earlier legislation, women in certain professions were already required to register for military conscription. However, the recent revision of the law regulating Ukraine's military reserves dramatically expanded the number of professions that qualify for mandatory registration with the armed forces. Now women who are librarians, journalists, musicians, veterinarians, and psychologists, among many other professions, are required to register for military service. Oleksandra Ustinova a member of Ukraine's national parliament stated, "...in [the] current situation, the decision to educate as many people as possible to hold arms and to be ready to serve seems a good one."


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: All able-bodied male citizens from ages 20-27, must serve either 18 months in the navy or one year in all other services. After serving out the term of service Ukraine's conscripts become part of the inactive reserve and are eligible to be recalled for mobilization until they reach age 55 or age 60 for officers.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: According to law, homosexuality is not a reason for exemption from the army. However, many young gay men try to avoid call-up to military service, as they are afraid to face unauthorized relations and other difficulties. In 2018, Viktor Pylypenko, who had served in the Donbass area for two years during the Russia–Ukraine war, became the first Ukrainian soldier to come out publicly. In 2019, several gay soldiers in the Ukrainian army participated in a photo exhibition called "We are here". In 2021, Pylypenko was trying to organize a special unit in the Ukrainian army for LGBT soldiers. In July 2021, Pylypenko stated there were 16 open LGBT soldiers in the Ukrainian army.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: The 2022 Russian invasion resulted in an increased influx of and more openness regarding LGBTQ soldiers in the Ukrainian military. A growing number of soldiers disclosed their identity, believing that they could fight not just for their home country but also against existing stereotypes. The invasion also saw the spread of "unicorn insignia" which Ukrainian LGBTQ soldiers sew onto their uniforms. The unicorn was chosen due to its nature as "fantastic 'non-existent' creature", sarcastically countering claims about there being no LGBT+ individuals in the Ukrainian military.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: In April 2016, the Ukrainian Ministry of Health enacted new regulations governing blood donation, allowing gay and bisexual men to donate blood. Previously, the Ministry of Health listed homosexuality as a "risky behaviour" for which donors could not give blood.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: Gay and bisexual sexual orientations and transgender identity remain taboo subjects in Ukraine. Most Ukrainians affiliated with the Orthodox or Catholic Church tend to view homosexuality and non-traditional gender roles as signs of immorality. Prior to the 25 May 2013 Kyiv pride parade, the head of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kyiv Patriarchate, Patriarch Filaret, stated that people supporting LGBT rights would be cursed, and Archbishop Sviatoslav Shevchuk of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church denounced homosexuality as a sin tantamount to manslaughter.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: Beyond the traditional religious teachings, most Ukrainians grew up with little, if any, comprehensive, fact-based public education about human sexuality in general, let alone sexual orientation and gender identity. The lack of sex education promotes the view of homosexuals as a dangerous social group and as a source of sexually transmitted diseases, especially HIV/AIDS.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: During the Soviet era, non-heterosexual sexual relations were labelled as abnormal. Some remnants of the Soviet mentality, which sees sexual topics as taboo and even denies their existence, still exist today.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: In 2011, there were frequent reports of harassment, even violence directed at LGBT people in Ukraine. Many LGBT people in Ukraine reported feeling the need to lie about their true sexual orientation or gender identity in order to avoid being a target for discrimination or violent harassment. Bias motivated crimes or hate crimes against people who are LGBT are frequently reported on in the international press, and while such violence is not legal in Ukraine, there is a perception by people living in Ukraine and globally that such violence is frequently tolerated by the Government. The Ukrainian police hardly ever detain attackers. The prevailing intolerance and threats of violence pressure many LGBT people to remain in the closet, especially if they are public figures who feel that their career as a politician or celebrity would end if people knew that they are part of the LGBT community.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: While prevailing public attitudes are intolerant, the Ukrainian LGBT community has gradually become more visible and more organized politically since 1991. The issue of LGBT rights in Ukraine has been publicly debated much more, largely as the result of the actions of right-wing nationalists and social conservatives to classify any positive depictions of LGBT people or LGBT rights as being pornographic.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: One of the major movements in opposition to LGBT rights in Ukraine is the "ex-gay" movement which believes that lesbian, gay, or bisexual sexual orientations, as well as transgender identities, can be "cured" through therapeutic or religious programs. The largest of these groups in Ukraine is "Love Against Homosexuality", who believe that LGBT people are "sexual perverts" who need to be cured.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: In 1999, the former President of Ukraine, Leonid Kravchuk, stated that there are more important issues than LGBT rights to discuss in Parliament and that homosexuality is caused by a mental illness or the corrupting influence of foreign films.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: In 2007, the leader of the Parliamentary Committee on Human Rights called gay men "perverts" who must be stopped. Other MPs, namely Communist MP Leonid Grach, have listed homosexuality and lesbianism as evils the state must stop.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: A draft law that would make it illegal to talk about homosexuality in public and in the media and to import, distribute, and broadcast video, photo, and audio products that "encourages homosexuality" (with penalties of up to five years in prison and fines for up to ₴5,000 (US$616)) was passed in first reading in the Verkhovna Rada (Ukrainian Parliament) on 2 October 2012. An estimated 20 community activists representing several organizations protested outside of the Verkhovna Rada building during the vote. On 4 October 2012, a second vote was tentatively scheduled for 16 October. This law was deemed homophobic by the LGBT community and human rights organisations and condemned by Amnesty International, the European Union, and the United Nations. The Venice Commission concluded in June 2013 that the bill was "incompatible with the European Convention on Human Rights and international human rights standards". In January 2015, the bill was removed from the agenda.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: A petition was subsequently started by anti-gay groups, calling for "measures to be taken to stop the propaganda of homosexuality and for defending family values". In March 2018, Ukraine's Anti-Discrimination Ombudsperson removed the petition from the electronic petitions section. By then, the petition had received 23,000 signatures and support from various religious organisations. The Ombudsman described the petition as "anti-freedom", and deleted it due to "containing calls to restrict human rights".


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: In 1998, the first LGBT rights group was created. Our World () is an LGBT community center and human rights advocacy organization. In 2008, Ukrainian LGBT rights organizations came together to create a coalition, the Union of Gay Organizations of Ukraine (Рада ЛГБТ-організацій України). The Gay Alliance of Ukraine (Гей-альянс Україна) was founded in 2009.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: In May 2008, Ukrainian LGBT groups were prevented from marking the International Day Against Homophobia after a last-minute intervention by authorities who told organisers that due to the likelihood of friction the events would have to be canceled. Roman Catholics, Evangelic Christians, Seventh-day Adventists, Eparchy of Christianity and Baptist and the Union of Independent Orthodox churches had asked local authorities to forbid any action by representatives of sexual minorities.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: A May 2012, a Kyiv gay pride parade was cancelled by its participants because they feared for their safety. Two gay rights activists were beaten up and tear-gassed by a group of youths after pridegoers were evacuated by police escort.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: On 23 May 2013, a Ukrainian court satisfied a petition by Kyiv city authorities to ban the holding of any events, other than those envisaged by the program for the celebration of Kyiv Day (in the central part of the city); in doing so it "de facto" banned the gay pride parade in Kyiv that was planned for 25 May. The pride event was then changed to "a private event outside of the central part of Kyiv". On this day on a narrow pathway near Pushkin Park and Shuliavska metro station, about 50 people gathered and marched. Among them, at least 10 were from Munich (Germany), including Vice Mayor Hep Monatzeder, and some were from Sweden. They marched under the protection of 1,500 policemen, 13 of the about 100 anti-gay protesters were arrested and no physical violence occurred. After one hour, the protesters who took part in the parade were evacuated from the area. In an attempt to avoid revenge attacks, they then changed their clothes and switched modes of transport multiple times.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: A procession organised by gay rights activists took place in central Kyiv on 11 January 2014; amidst the Euromaidan-protests.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: The Kyiv gay pride parade was again cancelled on 5 July 2014 after the police failed to guarantee its protection. It would have been a small, closed march several kilometers outside Kyiv. The Love Against Homosexuality movement demanded its cancellation. On 7 July 2014, Mayor of Kyiv Vitali Klitschko had asked to cancel the pride, "I think that currently, when battle actions take place and many people die, holding entertainment events does not match the situation existing. And I am urging all these people not to do this. I think that this will be wrong amid these circumstances". The "battle actions" Klitschko referred to was the of the War in Donbass.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: On 6 June 2015, Ukraine's second pride parade was held in Kyiv. The march was finished in less than half an hour. The number of police protection far outnumbered the pride participants. The venue for the march was only disclosed to the march's participants that had registered on its website. During the march, five policemen were injured in scuffles after unidentified people had attacked the rally with smoke bombs and stones. One police officer was admitted to intensive care. 25 anti-gay activists were arrested. Members of Parliament Svitlana Zalishchuk and Serhiy Leshchenko attended the march along with the Swedish Ambassador to Ukraine, Andreas von Beckerath, and other foreign diplomats. The organizers urged the pride participants to disperse in small groups and not to use the Kyiv Metro. On 4 June 2015, Kyiv Mayor Vitali Klitschko had, as in the previous year, asked to cancel the pride citing "danger of provocations". On the other hand, Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko stated on 5 June 2015 that there was no reason to prevent the march.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: On 12 June 2016, Ukraine's third pride parade, dubbed the Equality March, was held in Kyiv without incidents. The march of 1,500 people lasted about half an hour and was guarded by more than 5,500 police officers and 1,200 members of the National Guard. 57 people were detained for aggressive behavior.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: On 13 August 2016, an LGBT Equality March was held in Odessa. The march of 50 people lasted about half an hour and was guarded by more than 700 police officers. Twenty men, who were trying to break through to the event, were detained.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: In May 2017, LGBT activists organised a rally in the city of Kharkiv. Thirty people attacked the participants and police officers, injuring two.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: On 18 June 2017, Kyiv's fourth pride parade, again dubbed Equality March, was held in the city without major incidents with 6 people detained for trying to breach the security cordon.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: On 17 June 2018, Kyiv's fifth pride parade was held in the city centre. It lasted less than one hour and was, according to Kyiv police attended by 3,500 people, while the organizers said there were at least 5,000 participants. No serious incidents occurred during the march. Clashes did break out when 150 far-right protesters who tried to block off the route were dispersed by riot police. 57 protesters were detained.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: In June 2019, an estimated 8,000 people marched at the Kyiv Pride parade, among them politicians and foreign diplomats. The event was peaceful. Police foiled a plot to throw condoms filled with human excrement at marchers. President Volodymyr Zelensky, who took office in May 2019, urged the police to prevent violence and safeguard the safety of the participants.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: In August 2019, about 300 people took part in the LGBT Equality March in Odessa. A number of diplomatic missions took part, as well as guests from Canada, Germany, the United States and other countries. Some small clashes were reported. The marchers were protected by 500 police officers, who arrested three people for minor hooliganism.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: In September 2019, an estimated 2,000 people participated in Kharkiv's first pride march. The march went forward despite Mayor Hennadiy Kernes threatening to file legal action against the organizers. At the end of the march, clashes between the police and anti-pride march right-wing demonstrators saw two police agents being treated for pepper spray-related injuries. After the march ended, far-right counterdemonstrators gathered in Shevchenko park hoping to attack LGBT activists attempting to leave on foot. One march participant had to be rescued by a press photographer.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: On 30 August 2020, an LGBT Equality March in Odessa ended in a fight between members of the LGBT community and opponents of the march. Sixteen people were detained and two police officers were injured.<ref name="7264660/ An LGBT march"> An LGBT march was disrupted in Odesa: 16 detainees and police were injured, Ukrayinska Pravda (30 August 2020)</ref> A 13 September 2020 "AutoPride rally" in Kharkiv passed without incidents. In Zaporizhzhia a pride parade was held on 20 September 2020 on the city's Festival Square, although pride goers were harassed by anti-LGBT activists no injuries were reported. There were twice as many pride opponents as there were pride goers (reportedly 500 people).<ref name="7267038/ During the Pride in Zaporizhzhia"> During the Pride in Zaporizhzhia, the radical got a weapon: he hates LGBT people, Ukrayinska Pravda (20 September 2020)</ref>


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: On 22 May 2021 a Trans-March, organised by Insight and partners KyivPride and Cohort, took place in Kyiv. The march was attended by about 150 participants, protected by 400 police officers and there was a counter-demonstration with approximately 200 opponents. During the march, several people tried to attack the marchers, but the police quickly prevented that.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: On 29 August 2021 violent clashes broke out between police and the far-right nationalist group Tradition and Order during an LGBT Equality March in Odessa. 29 law enforcement officers were injured, mostly from reactions to tear gas, and 51 members of Tradition and Order were arrested.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: On 12 September 2021 a LGBT Equality March, organised by KharkivPride, took place in Kharkiv. According to KharkivPride, up to 3,000 people took part in the march.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: The KyivPride-2021 Equality March took place in Kyiv on 19 September 2021 with between 5,000 and 7,000 participants. Several hundred activists opposing the march held their own rally, no clashes between the two sides took place. The KyivPride-2021 Equality March was attended by the Ambassador of Sweden to Ukraine Tobias Thyberg, MP of the Voice faction Inna Sovsun and deputy of the Kyiv City Council from the Servant of the People party faction Yevhenia Kuleba.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: Due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine causing many Ukrainians to flee the country and Russian aerial bombing campaigns, KyivPride was held in Warsaw in a combined event with the city's Equality Parade on June 25. In addition to LGBT rights, the march also focused on supporting Ukraine and calling for peace.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: On 22 June 2012, a man approached LGBT activist Taras Karasiichuk saying, "Are you a fag?" and then kicked him in the head and jaw. Human Rights Watch said authorities should treat the incident as a hate crime.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: An Amnesty International expert on Ukraine stated in 2013 that "people have been beaten and in one case murdered because of their real or perceived sexual orientation or gender identity. Most of these crimes have not been properly investigated and have gone unpunished."


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: On 6 July 2014, a group of 15-20 neo-Nazis mounted an attack against the gay club "Pomada" (Lipstick) in Kyiv. The attackers wore camouflage and balaclava (ski masks) and threw a smoke grenade and firecrackers.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: On 29 October 2014, Kyiv's oldest movie theater, , caught fire when a smoke grenade was thrown into it during the screening of the French film "Summer Nights", which was shown as part of an LGBT program at the Molodist Film Festival. None of the roughly hundred people attending were injured. Police arrested two suspects, one of whom said that the intent was not to burn the building down, but to make a protest against films with an LGBT theme.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: Oleksandr Zinchenko, an Our World representative, stated on 3 June 2015 that 40 hate crimes had been committed against LGBT people in 2014 and that about 10 such crimes had already happened in 2015.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals have complained about an increase of attacks in the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic in Eastern Ukraine. On 8 June 2014, ten armed people attacked the gay club Babylon in the city of Donetsk. They fired blank cartridges into the air for intimidation and declared that there should not be gay clubs in the city, after which they robbed the visitors. In 2015, the Deputy Minister for Political Affairs of the Donetsk People's Republic stated: "A culture of homosexuality is spreading… This is why we must kill anyone who is involved in this." Many volunteers who took in refugees from territories controlled by the Donetsk People's Republic refused to host LGBT people.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: In July 2015, the head of the Donetsk People's Republic, Alexander Zakharchenko, said he respected Ukraine's far-right party Right Sector "when they beat up the gays in Kyiv and when they tried to depose Poroshenko".


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: In a 2007 country-wide survey by the Institute of Sociology, 16.7% disagreed strongly and 17.6% disagreed with the following statement: "Gay men and lesbians should be free to live their own life as they wish". Only 30.2% "agreed strongly" and "agreed" with the statement. That was the lowest rating of "agreed strongly" and "agreed" with the statement of 24 countries investigated.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: In a December 2007 survey by Angus Reid Global Monitor, 81.3% of Ukrainians polled said that homosexual relations were "never acceptable", 13% answered "sometimes acceptable" and 5.7% "acceptable". Of all the behaviors listed, homosexuality was viewed as the third worst after shoplifting and drunk driving. Notably, more people viewed this as never acceptable than adultery (61.5% never, 29.3% sometimes), traffic rule violation (70.2% never, 25.6% sometimes), pollution (73.3% never, 22.4% sometimes), tax evasion (48.5% never, 37.5% sometimes), deception for the sake of profit (48.3% never, 41.6% sometimes), as well as a list of other things including abortion, premarital sex, complaining to authorities about a friend who has stolen something, etc.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: In another Angus Reid Global Monitor survey, this one in June 2007, on a long list of possible social reforms in the country, legalization of same-sex marriage only received 4.7% of the vote, the lowest by far (the next lowest being light drugs, at 7.1%).


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: A December 2010 Gorshenin Institute poll stated that the "Ukrainian attitude to sexual minorities" was "entirely negative" for 57.5%, "rather negative" for 14.5%, "rather positive" for 10% and "quite positive" for 3%.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: A May 2013 poll by GfK Ukraine found that 4.6% of respondents were in favour of same-sex marriage and 16% supported other forms of recognition, while 79.4% were opposed to any form of recognition.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: A summer 2015 survey by the British Council revealed that one in five of Ukrainian youth would be uncomfortable with having lesbian and gay people as friends.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: According to a 2015–16 survey by the Pew Research Center, 86% of Ukrainian respondents believed that homosexuality should not be accepted by society.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: In May 2016 in a survey by Nash Svit Center, conducted by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology, only 3,3% of respondents claimed to be positive about LGBT people in general, while 60,4% were negative and 30,7% were indifferent. When asked about equal rights, 33,4% agreed that LGBT members should have the same rights as others, while 45,2% disagreed and 21,3% could not or did not want to answer.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: On 25 September 2016, European scientific studies detected that Ukrainians displayed higher levels of homophobia than Albanians and Italians, confirming the central role of cultural differences in homophobic attitudes.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: A Pew Research Center poll published in May 2017 suggested that 9% of Ukrainians were in favor of same-sex marriage, while 85% opposed it. According to the poll, younger people were more likely than their elders to favor legal same-sex marriage (11% vs. 7%).


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: According to a 2017 poll carried out by ILGA, 56% of Ukrainians agreed that gay, lesbian and bisexual people should enjoy the same rights as straight people, while 21% disagreed. Additionally, 59% agreed that they should be protected from workplace discrimination. 20% of Ukrainians, however, said that people who are in same-sex relationships should be charged as criminals, while 55% disagreed. As for transgender people, 60% agreed that they should have the same rights, 58% believed they should be protected from employment discrimination and a plurality of 43% believed they should be allowed to change their legal gender.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: In May 2022 in a survey by Nash Svit Center, also conducted by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology, 12.8% of respondents claimed to be positive about LGBT people in general, while 38.2% were negative and 44.8% indifferent. When asked about equal rights, 63.7% agreed that LGBT members should have equal rights, while 25.9% disagreed and 10.4% could not or did not want to answer. Nash Svit Center believes that acceptance of LGBT people in Ukraine has "Dramatically improved" compared to results from their similar survey from 2016. It might have been a result of Russian invasion, carried out under the slogans of defending traditional values and fighting gay parades.


title: LGBT rights in Ukraine

text: As in many post-Soviet countries, the male prisons with their norms that had emerged as instruments of self-governance is one of the reasons for anti-gay attitudes due to the high number of people who went through the penitentiary system in the Soviet Union.


title: Financial domination

text: In this fetish lifestyle, in particular a practice of dominance and submission, a submissive ("cash piggy", "finsub", "human ATM", "money slave" or "paypig") gives gifts and money to a financial dominant ("findomme/findom", "Goddess", "money domme", "money mistress" or "cashmaster"). The dominant person can be female or male while the submissive is almost always male. Financial domination will also have been practiced before in individual cases, but it only became more widespread and took on its current form after the introduction of the Internet. The relationship between the two parties (including paying) often takes place solely via online communication. Moneydommes present themselves on their own websites, relevant web portals or social networks.


title: Financial domination

text: In the majority of cases the two never meet as findom is primarily a form of "distance domination". In rare exceptions, the submissive may accompany the dominant while shopping and paying with the submissive's money. Financial domination is often combined with other BDSM practices. Such a relationship between individuals may be similar to, yet clearly distinguishable from, relationships based on total power exchange. In the latter, the submissive may grant all their money saved and earned to the dominant, in addition to many other aspects of their autonomy; however, it is not uncommon for both partners to have an intimate relationship as well, which is contrary to the financial domination dynamic. Financial domination can also be distinguished from sugar baby relationships in which a sugar daddy/mama offers gifts and money to the "baby" in return for a relationship, generally without any explicit elements of domination. In financial domination, the submissive has no expectation of sexual contact in return for the money, and often there is no physical contact of any kind between the two parties.


title: Financial domination

text: It is often said that the money slave has to limit himself to the subsistence level and has no right to get anything in return. Besides the paying, it is crucial that the dominant part humiliates the submissive and shows him his supposed inferiority. Some members of the Findom scene claim that women are the superior sex. Accordingly, they demand the introduction of Matriarchy and, in some cases, legal discrimination against men. However, it remains unclear whether these are serious political demands or just fetish fantasies.


title: Financial domination

text: Since 2013, numerous articles about financial domination have appeared in popular print media and online magazines. Some of them are just reports, the authors of the others subject the phenomenon to a critical examination. Some of these authors question whether financial domination is actually a sexual preference. The majority of money slaves have low self esteem and are insecure in dealing with women. Also, the first contact with a moneydomme comes about purely by chance, for example when surfing on BDSM sites or when looking for financial services (by using search terms as "financial" or "money"). Over time, paying becomes an addiction for many, which in the worst case can lead to financial ruin. This in turn has three reasons. First, the ready availability of financial domination over the Internet. Second, the targeted manipulation by the ladies. Many of them are not aware of their great responsibility. Thirdly, the fact that psychological dependence is wanted by both sides and is even essential for financial domination.


title: Financial domination

text: Other authors do not consider money slavery to be pathological and see it as an inclination that one can live out responsibly. However, some point to the high risk of deception and fraud. With many Moneydomme accounts (for example on Twitter) it is unclear who is really behind it. There are proven cases of fraud. In addition, many women would become money mistresses for purely financial reasons, without having any relation to BDSM and dominance. Both are subsumed under the term "Fake" in the Findom scene. However, some money slaves are said to accept the deception or even to be aroused by it.


title: Financial domination

text: A scientific paper about Findom was published in 2007 and 2021. For both, relevant websites and social media accounts were observed over a period of several years (see Netnography). In addition to special questions, such as self-justification and dealing with social rejection, both articles deal with the general characterization of money slavery. On the whole, the picture drawn in the popular media is confirmed and three things are also highlighted. First, the Internet has fundamentally changed the market for sexual services. Those involved could communicate more easily and, above all, anonymously, and real encounters are no longer necessary in many practices. Second, digital networks offer new (and vastly better) ways for people with dissenting inclinations or views to share, connect, and develop identities as a group. Third, anyone can create an artificial identity on the Internet that has little to do with the real person. All three were prerequisites for the emergence of the Findom scene. For the author of the first study, this is a postmodern phenomenon, the authors of the second article compare the appearances of moneydommes with those of influencers.


title: Butler

text: A butler is a person who works in a house serving and is a domestic worker in a large household. In great houses, the household is sometimes divided into departments with the butler in charge of the dining room, wine cellar, and pantry. Some also have charge of the entire parlour floor, and housekeepers caring for the entire house and its appearance. A butler is usually male, and in charge of male servants, while a housekeeper is usually a woman, and in charge of female servants. Traditionally, male servants (such as footmen) were better paid and of higher status than female servants. The butler, as the senior male servant, has the highest servant status. He can also sometimes function as a chauffeur.


title: Butler

text: In older houses where the butler is the most senior worker, titles such as "majordomo", "butler administrator", "house manager", "manservant", "staff manager", "chief of staff", "staff captain", "estate manager", and "head of household staff" are sometimes given. The precise duties of the employee will vary to some extent in line with the title given, but perhaps, more importantly in line with the requirements of the individual employer. In the grandest homes or when the employer owns more than one residence, there is sometimes an estate manager of higher rank than the butler. The butler can also be assisted by a head footman or footboy called the under-butler.


title: Butler

text: The word "butler" comes from Anglo-Norman "buteler", variant form of Old Norman "*butelier", corresponding to Old French "botellier" "officer in charge of the king's wine bottles", derived of "boteille" "bottle" (Modern French "bouteille)", itself from Gallo-Romance "bottle". For centuries, the butler has been the attendant entrusted with the care and serving of wine and other bottled beverages, which in ancient times might have represented a considerable portion of the household's assets and led to the position becoming chief steward of a household.


title: Butler

text: In Britain, the butler was originally a middle-ranking member of the staff of a grand household. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the butler gradually became the senior, usually male, member of a household's staff in the very grandest households. However, there was sometimes a steward who ran the outside estate and financial affairs, rather than just the household, and who was senior to the butler in social status into the 19th century. Butlers used always to be attired in a special uniform, distinct from the livery of junior servants, but today a butler is more likely to wear a business suit or business casual clothing and appear in uniform only on special occasions.


title: Butler

text: A "silverman" or "silver butler" has expertise and professional knowledge of the management, secure storage, use and cleaning of all silverware, associated tableware and other paraphernalia for use at military and other special functions.


title: Butler

text: The modern role of the butler has evolved from earlier roles that were generally concerned with the care and serving of alcoholic beverages.


title: Butler

text: From ancient through medieval times, alcoholic beverages were chiefly stored first in earthenware vessels, then later in wooden barrels, rather than in glass bottles; these containers would have been an important part of a household's possessions. The care of these assets was therefore generally reserved for trusted slaves, although the job could also go to free persons because of heredity-based class lines or the inheritance of trades.


title: Butler

text: The biblical book of Genesis contains a reference to a role precursive to modern butlers. The early Hebrew Joseph interpreted a dream of Pharaoh's שקה (shaqah) (literally "to give to drink"), which is most often translated into English as "chief butler" or "chief cup-bearer."


title: Butler

text: In ancient Greece and Rome, it was nearly always slaves who were charged with the care and service of wine, while during the Medieval Era the "pincerna" filled the role within the noble court. The English word "butler" itself comes from the Middle English word "bo(u)teler" (and several other forms), from Anglo-Norman "buteler", itself from Old Norman "butelier", corresponding to Old French "botellier" ("bottle bearer"), Modern French "bouteiller", and before that from Medieval Latin "butticula". The modern English "butler" thus relates both to bottles and casks.


title: Butler

text: Eventually the European butler emerged as a middle-ranking member of the servants of a great house, in charge of the "buttery" (originally a storeroom for "butts" of liquor, although the term later came to mean a general storeroom or pantry). While this is so for household butlers, those with the same title but in service to the Crown enjoyed a position of administrative power and were only minimally involved with various stores.


title: Butler

text: The "Steward" of the Elizabethan era was more akin to the butler that later emerged. Gradually, throughout the 19th century and particularly the Victorian era, as the number of butlers and other domestic servants greatly increased in various countries, the butler became a senior male servant of a household's staff. By this time he was in charge of the more modern "wine cellar", the "buttery" or "pantry" (from French "pain" from Latin "panis", bread) as it came to be called, which supplied bread, butter, cheese, and other basic provisions, and the "ewery", which contained napkins and basins for washing and shaving. In the very grandest households there was sometimes an Estate Steward or other senior steward who oversaw the butler and his duties. "Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management", a manual published in Britain in 1861, reported:


title: Butler

text: The number of the male domestics in a family varies according to the wealth and position of the master, from the owner of the ducal mansion, with a retinue of attendants, at the head of which is the chamberlain and house-steward, to the occupier of the humbler house, where a single footman, or even the odd man-of-all-work, is the only male retainer. The majority of gentlemen's establishments probably comprise a servant out of livery, or butler, a footman, and coachman, or coachman and groom, where the horses exceed two or three.


title: Butler

text: Butlers were head of a strict service hierarchy and therein held a position of power and respect. They were more managerial than "hands on"—more so than serving, they officiated in service. For example, although the butler was at the door to greet and announce the arrival of a formal guest, the door was actually "opened" by a footman, who would receive the guest's hat and coat. Even though the butler helped his employer into his coat, this had been handed to him by a footman. However, even the highest-ranking butler would "pitch in" when necessary, such as during a staff shortage, to ensure that the household ran smoothly, although some evidence suggests this was so even during normal times.


title: Butler

text: The household itself was generally divided into areas of responsibility. The butler was in charge of the dining room, the wine cellar, pantry, and sometimes the entire main floor. Directly under the butler was the "first footman" (or "head footman"), although there could also be a "deputy butler" or "under-butler" who would fill in as butler during the butler's illness or absence. The "footman"‒there were frequently numerous young men in the role within a household‒ performed a range of duties including serving meals, attending doors, carrying or moving heavy items, and they often doubled as "valets". Valets themselves performed a variety of personal duties for their employer. Butlers engaged and directed all these junior staff and each reported directly to him. The "housekeeper" was in charge of the house as a whole and its appearance. In a household without an official head housekeeper, female servants and kitchen staff were also directly under the butler's management, while in smaller households, the butler usually doubled as valet. Employers and their children and guests addressed the butler (and under-butler, if there was one) by last name alone; fellow servants, retainers, and tradespersons as "Mr. [Surname]".


title: Butler

text: Butlers were typically hired by the master of the house but usually reported to its lady. Beeton in her manual suggested a GBP 25–50 (US$2,675‒5,350) per-year salary for butlers; room and board and livery clothing were additional benefits, and tipping known as "vails", were common.


title: Butler

text: The few butlers who were married had to make separate housing arrangements for their families, as did all other servants within the hierarchy.


title: Butler

text: From the beginning of slavery in the United States, in the early 17th century, African Americans were put to task as domestic servants. Some eventually became butlers. Gary Puckrein, a social historian, argues that those used in particularly affluent homes authentically internalised the sorts of "refined" norms and personal attributes that would reflect highly upon the social stature of their masters or mistresses. One of the first books written and published through a commercial U.S. publisher by an African American was by a butler named Robert Roberts. The book, "The House Servant's Directory," first published in 1827, is essentially a manual for butlers and waiters, and is called by Puckrein "the most remarkable book by an African American in antebellum United States". The book generated such interest that a second edition was published in 1828, and a third in 1843.


title: Butler

text: European indentured servants formed a corps of domestic workers from which butlers were eventually drawn. Although not the victims of institutionalised slavery, many of them had not volunteered for domestic service, but were forced into it by indebtedness or coercion. As with African American slaves, they could rise in domestic service, and their happiness or misery depended greatly on the disposition of their masters.


title: Butler

text: Beginning around the early 1920s (following World War I), employment in domestic service occupations began a sharp overall decline in western European countries, and even more markedly in the United States. Even so, there were still around 30,000 butlers employed in Britain by World War II. As few as one hundred were estimated to remain by the mid-1980s. Social historian Barry Higman argues that a high number of domestic workers within a society correlates with a high level of socio-economic inequality. Conversely, as a society undergoes levelling among its social classes, the number employed in domestic service declines.


title: Butler

text: Following varied shifts and changes accompanying accelerated globalisation beginning in the late 1980s, overall global demand for butlers since the turn of the millennium has risen dramatically. According to Charles MacPherson, President of Charles MacPherson Associates and owner of The Charles MacPherson Academy for Butlers and Household Managers, the proximate cause is that the number of millionaires and billionaires has increased in recent years, and such people are finding that they desire assistance in managing their households. MacPherson emphasises that the number of wealthy people in China has increased particularly, creating in that country a high demand for professional butlers who have been trained in the European butlering tradition. There is also increasing demand for such butlers in other Asian countries, India, and the petroleum-rich Middle East.


title: Butler

text: Higman additionally argues that the inequality/equality levels of societies are a major determinant of the nature of the domestic servant/employer relationship. As the 21st century approached, many butlers began carrying out an increasing number of duties formerly reserved for more junior household servants. Butlers today may be called upon to do whatever household and personal duties their employers deem fitting, in the goal of freeing their employers to carry out their own personal and professional affairs. Professional butler and author Steven M. Ferry states that the image of tray-wielding butlers who specialise in serving tables and decanting wine is now anachronistic, and that employers may well be more interested in a butler who is capable of managing a full array of household affairs‒from providing the traditional dinner service, to acting as valet, to managing high-tech systems and multiple homes with complexes of staff. While in truly grand houses the modern butler may still function exclusively as a top-ranked household affairs manager, in lesser homes, such as those of dual-income middle-class professionals, they perform a full array of household and personal assistant duties, including mundane housekeeping. Butlers today may also be situated within corporate settings, embassies, cruise ships, yachts, or within their own small "Rent-a-Butler" business or similar agency.


title: Butler

text: Along with these changes of scope and context, butlering attire has changed. Whereas butlers have traditionally worn a special uniform that separated them from junior servants, and although this is still often the case, butlers today may wear more casual clothing geared for climate, while exchanging it for formal business attire only upon special service occasions. There are cultural distinctions, as well. In the United States, butlers may frequently don a polo shirt and slacks, while in Bali they typically wear sarongs.


title: Butler

text: In 2007, the number of butlers in Britain had risen to an estimated 5,000. That number rose to 10,000 by 2014, consistent with increased worldwide demand.


title: Butler

text: Butlers traditionally learned their position while progressing their way up the service ladder. For example, in the documentary "The Authenticity of Gosford Park", retired butler Arthur Inch (born 1915) describes starting as a hall boy. While this is still often the case, numerous private butlering schools exist today. Additionally, major up-market hotels such as the Ritz-Carlton offer traditional butler training, while some hotels have trained a sort of pseudo-butler for service in defined areas such as "technology butlers", who fix guests' computers and other electronic devices, and "bath butlers" who draw custom baths.


title: Butler

text: Butlers have traditionally been male, and this remains the norm. Probably the first mention of a female butler is in the 1892 book "Interludes being Two Essays, a Story, and Some Verses" by Horace Smith. In it Smith quotes the noted writer and Anglican clergyman Sydney Smith, who between 1809 and 1829 struggled to make ends meet in a poorly paid assignment to a rural parish in Yorkshire:


title: Butler

text: "I turned schoolmaster to educate my son, as I could not afford to send him to school. Mrs. Sydney turned schoolmistress to educate my girls as I could not afford a governess. I turned farmer as I could not let my land. A man servant was too expensive, so I caught up a little garden girl, made like a milestone, christened her Bunch, put a napkin in her hand, and made her my butler. The girls taught her to read, Mrs. Sydney to wait, and I undertook her morals. Bunch became the best butler in the country.


title: Butler

text: Today, female butlers are sometimes preferred, especially for work within West Asian and Southeast Asian families where there may be religious objections for men to work closely with women in a household. Western female celebrities may also prefer a female butler, as may households where the wife is driving the decision to hire a butler. Despite these trends, the Ivor Spencer School asserts that female butlers are not easily placed, on the whole.


title: Butler

text: In ancient times, the roles precursive to butlering were reserved for chattel or those confined within heredity-based class structures. With the advent of the medieval era, butlering became an opportunity for social advancement‒even more so during Victorian times. Although still based upon various antecedent roles as manifested during different eras, butlering today has frequently taken over many of the roles formerly reserved for lower-ranking domestic servants. At the same time it has become a potentially lucrative career option.


title: Butler

text: Butlers have been occasionally depicted in visual art. A famous painting, "Heads of Six of Hogarth's Servants" (c. 1758), is unique among such works. In it, the 18th-century English artist William Hogarth depicted his household servants, all surrounding the butler. In showing the group in a close-knit assemblage rather than in the performance of their routine household duties, Hogarth sought to humanise and dignify them in a manner akin to wealthy-class members, who were the normal subjects of such portraits. While this was a subversive act that certainly raised many eyebrows in his day‒Hogarth conspicuously displayed the work in his estate home in full view of guests‒at the same time he had painted his servants' facial expressions to convey the sincerity and deference expected of servant-class members.


title: Butler

text: In contemporary art, "The Butler's in Love" series by U.S. artist Mark Stock is especially poignant. In the series, Stock portrays the butler as sick with love, but the possibility of fulfillment is hopeless: the love is a forbidden love, perhaps felt for the lady of the house, and so it must be suffered alone in silent concealment. In addition to the ongoing mannerisms and facial expressions of the butler, a seated lady once appearing in a curtained room and a recurring lipstick-stained absinthe glass over which the butler obsesses provide the interpretive clues. In selecting a butler as his subject, Stock sought to provide a "universal character", a pathos-laden figure that could be widely related to and that could depict the universality of loneliness felt by someone who can only look in from the outside. Stock began the series in 1985 to express his difficult feelings during a personal experience of unrequited love. One of the paintings was inspiration for a 3-D short film, "The Butler's in Love" by actor/director David Arquette, shot in 2008 at San Francisco's historic Westerfield Mansion.


title: Butler

text: The real-life modern butler attempts to be discreet and unobtrusive, friendly but not familiar, keenly anticipative of the needs of his or her employer, and graceful and precise in execution of duty. The butler of fiction, by contrast, often tends to be larger than life and has become a plot device in literature and a traditional role in the performing arts. Butlers may provide comic relief with wry comments, clues as to the perpetrators of various crimes, and are represented as at least as intelligent and moral as their “betters,” or even more so. They are often portrayed as being serious and expressionless and in the case that the wealthy hero is an orphan‒such as Batman, Chrono Crusade's Satella Harvenheit, or Tomb Raider's Lara Croft‒may be a father figure to said hero. Regardless of the genre in which they are cast, butlers in fiction almost invariably follow the "British butler" model and are given an appropriate-sounding surname. The fictional butler tends to be given a typical Anglo-Celtic surname and have an English accent. The Asian, African American, or Caribbean houseboy is a variant, but even these major-domos are based on the British icon.


title: Butler

text: Today, butlers are usually portrayed as being refined and well-spoken. However, in 19th century fiction such as "Dracula", butlers generally spoke with a strong Cockney or other regional accent.


title: Butler

text: "The butler" is integral to the plot of countless potboilers and melodramas, whether or not the character has been given a name. Butlers figure so prominently in period pieces and whodunits that they can be considered stock characters in film and theatre, where a catchphrase is "The butler did it!"


title: Butler

text: The best-known fictional manservant, and the archetype of the quintessential British butler, is himself not a butler at all. Reginald Jeeves, the iconic creation of author P. G. Wodehouse is a "gentleman's gentleman" and general factotum. Probably the best-known fictional butlers are Alfred from the "Batman" comic and films; Hudson of Upstairs, Downstairs television fame; Mr Carson from the Downton Abbey television series; and Crichton from J. M. Barrie's "The Admirable Crichton". Lesser-knowns include Mr. Belvedere from the novel "Belvedere", which was adapted into a feature film with sequels and later a television series; Lurch, from the television series "The Addams Family", based on Charles Addams' "The New Yorker" cartoons; Beach, from the Wodehouse series about Blandings Castle; Niles, the butler at the Sheffield house in American sitcom "The Nanny", Geoffrey from The Fresh Prince of Bel Air, Bailey (an English canine butler) from the children's animated television series "Arthur" and Benson from the two series "Soap" and "Benson".


title: Butler

text: Not all fictional butlers portray the "butler stereotype", however. Alan Bates, who played the butler Jennings in the film "Gosford Park" was coached in brooding detail by Arthur Inch, a longtime real-life butler. Mr. Stevens, the butler played by Anthony Hopkins in the film "Remains of the Day", was also acted with remarkable realism. A female butler, Sarah Stevens, is the principal character in Linda Howard's 2002 "Dying to Please", a murder/romance novel. Howard gives detailed and generally accurate descriptions of butlering in the work.


title: Maggie Greene

text: Maggie Greene, later Maggie Rhee in the television series, is a fictional character from the comic book series "The Walking Dead", portrayed by Lauren Cohan in the television adaptation of the same name.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In the comic book series, Maggie becomes the surrogate mother to Sophia following the suicide of the girl's mother, Carol. Maggie is initially insecure and depressed, attempting suicide at one point after her entire family is killed. Over time, she hardens and becomes independent. Maggie later becomes involved with the war against the Saviors, during which she encourages the people to follow Rick Grimes instead of Gregory and Negan. The people of The Hilltop listen to her and she becomes their "de facto" leader. After the war, Maggie has a son named after her father, Hershel. She remains fiercely protective of her children, as well as Carl Grimes, while being at odds with her predecessor, Gregory. Many people question her leadership due to her higher concern for her inner group, but there are some who idolize her, including Dante, who is shown to have feelings for her.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In the television series, Maggie does not share the insecurities of her comic book counterpart, and is more independent from the start. Initially, Maggie is inexperienced and ignorant of the apocalypse, being largely sheltered at the Greene family farm, but once Rick's group arrives, she quickly grows into a fierce and skilled fighter, becoming proficient with weapons and participating in supply runs for the group. Maggie forms a casual relationship with Glenn after becoming aware of his crush on her but insists it is purely a temporary arrangement. She later realizes that she has fallen in love with him, and they eventually marry. Maggie assumes the same leadership role of the Hilltop as she does in the comics, as well as her conflict with Gregory.


title: Maggie Greene

text: Maggie Greene is Hershel's second daughter, a rebellious and independent young woman, as well as a college dropout. Herschel barricaded her, her family, and her friends within the farm and kept them secluded, dependent solely on their farm's resources without knowing what was going on in the outside world.


title: Maggie Greene

text: She quickly takes a liking to Glenn when his group arrives at the farm, and the two begin to have a string of sexual encounters while her father is unaware of the relationship. Their relationship gradually becomes more serious and heartfelt each day, with the two often relying on one another. After a barn massacre that claims the lives of several of Maggie's siblings, Hershel ousts Glenn's group from the farm; however, Maggie convinces her father to let Glenn stay. As days go by following the group's departure, the Greene family notices the weakening defense structures of the premises. They decide to go to the prison afterwards. Maggie and Glenn continue their affair in the prison, constantly having sex in open spots.


title: Maggie Greene

text: Tragedy soon befalls Maggie, her brother Billy, and Hershel, when her two youngest sisters are brutally murdered by one of the remaining prison inmates, who is revealed to be a psychopathic sadist. The family remains close and in a deep state of depression for an extended amount of time, with Maggie caught in the middle of Billy and Hershel's strained relationship. She initially attempts to break off her relationship with Glenn, paranoid about the idea that the ongoing death pattern of her loved ones will soon reach Glenn. She decides at the last minute to continue to hold onto him after he convinces her that he will help her get through the deaths. As the inmate is prepared to be hanged out in the courtyard, Maggie shoots him to death in cold blood.


title: Maggie Greene

text: Because of her deepening interpersonal connection with and emotional reliance on Glenn, his brief absence from the prison becomes difficult to deal with and sends her into her father's arms. She subsequently marries Glenn in a ceremony performed by Hershel. Maggie yearns for a child, but Glenn and Hershel turn down the notion when they remind her of the cruel reality they are living in; despite this, however, she still holds out hope that she will be able to at some point when they have a more secure and better supplied environment.


title: Maggie Greene

text: When the Woodbury army descends onto the prison and begins their assaults, Tyreese leads Maggie, Glenn, and other members of the group into town, where they are ambushed by Woodbury and yet are able to make it out alive. The tension heightens when they return to the prison, and the second assault from the army (guaranteed to be more deadly) is looming. Hershel convinces Maggie to leave with Glenn and other members of the group until the war blows over, and those who left soon station themselves back at the farm. It is within this timeframe that Sophia, having faced the loss of her mother, begins to look up to Maggie as a surrogate parent, which fulfills Maggie's gap of not being able to conceive.


title: Maggie Greene

text: Upon reuniting with Rick and others, Maggie learns of Hershel and Billy's deaths during the assault; this sinks her into a deep depression, made even worse by the reminders of them around the farm. Glenn's attempts to console her prove effortless, and while journeying with the group led by Sergeant Abraham Ford to Washington D.C., she sneaks off into the woods one night and hangs herself. She is, however, rescued by Glenn and Abraham and successfully resuscitated.


title: Maggie Greene

text: She struggles to convince the group that she is fine and begins to feel like she has to hide herself emotionally from Glenn. Glenn assures her that she should have nothing to hide from him and reminds her of his love for her. His words prove to be insufficient however, as he takes notice during their stay at the Alexandria Safe Zone that she is becoming increasingly distant from him. Their situation becomes even further strained when Glenn opts to start going out on risky supply runs with fellow Alexandria citizen Heath. Maggie fears for his well-being and refuses to take the risk of losing him, seeing as how he's become her entire life since Hershel and Billy's deaths. After many strenuous events at the Alexandria Safe Zone, she and Glenn finally get some good news in the form of Doctor Cloyd telling her she is pregnant (much to the couple's surprise).


title: Maggie Greene

text: Fearing another attack after the Saviors' attempt to break into the community, Glenn convinces Maggie to leave the community with him and Sophia and head toward the Hilltop Colony, which he believes to be a much safer place. They are later ambushed by the Saviors while camping out during their trip, and she is forced to watch Glenn be viciously bludgeoned to death while crying her name.


title: Maggie Greene

text: Maggie is initially bitter and resentful toward Rick for not stepping up and protecting Glenn and furiously beats him before Carl stops her at gunpoint. She later is able to come to peace with Rick and decides to stay behind at the Hilltop with Sophia as per her and Glenn's original plan.


title: Maggie Greene

text: Later on, Maggie has regained stability and has continued focusing on her parental duties to Sophia while still mourning Glenn's loss. She befriends a woman in the community named Brianna who has also lost her family and makes regular visits to the community physician, who updates her on the baby's condition. She eventually ousts the Hilltop's leader, Gregory as a selfish coward, who pledges allegiance to Negan in order to avoid his own death, with no concern for the community itself. Maggie delivers a speech coercing the entire town to support Rick in his war against the Saviors, citing their precarious position and future as a reason to push forward against the Saviours. In result, the people follow Maggie in her actions to secure the town's future as she patrols the troops at the Hilltop Colony to save the people of Alexandria after the bombings that have destroyed the town. She relocates them to the Hilltop temporarily before it is re-constructed. Maggie successfully overthrows Gregory's position as leader and the allied forces manage to work together and capture Negan, who subsequently resides as a prisoner at the Alexandria Safe Zone.


title: Maggie Greene

text: Two years after the war is won, Maggie has had her son, whom she named Hershel after her father. She maintains her empowered leadership position, but her abilities are often challenged by the vain and self-absorbed previous leader, Gregory. Maggie remains protective of Sophia and Hershel (who is often cared for by Brianna in Maggie's leadership absence). After Sophia is brutally beaten almost to death by two bullies, and is saved by Carl Grimes, now working as a blacksmith apprentice and living at the Hilltop Colony with Maggie, she is forced to send him away. Maggie's leadership position comes at a struggle when the boys' families turn against her and follow along with Gregory's suggestion to kill her. In addition, a new threatening mysterious group of survivors known as "The Whisperers", a tribe of people disguised as roamers, have been capturing and murdering the town's supply runners and herd teams who come their way, as they successfully locate the Hilltop Colony, where one of their people, Lydia, has been interrogated by both Maggie and Jesus.


title: Maggie Greene

text: Maggie is introduced as Hershel (Scott Wilson)'s confident and athletic eldest daughter and the sister of Beth Greene (Emily Kinney). She has grown up on her father's farm all her life and suffered the loss of her mother at a young age. As the outbreak began, Hershel barricaded the Greene family and friends on the farm. It was during this time that her once-strong sense of faith began to dwindle, and she was left with doubts about what she believed in. She frequently made supply runs for everyone.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In the episode "Bloodletting", after Carl Grimes (Chandler Riggs) is accidentally shot, Maggie retrieves his mother, Lori (Sarah Wayne Callies) and brings her to the farm, where her father Hershel (Scott Wilson) treats the boy's wounds. In the episode "Save the Last One", Maggie strikes up a conversation with Glenn Rhee (Steven Yeun). In the episode "Cherokee Rose", they share a few tender moments before going off on a supply run together. They ultimately have sex inside the local pharmacy. In the episode "Chupacabra", Maggie tells Glenn that their tryst was a "one time thing". The two ultimately start a romance, however, and keep their relationship a secret, until Glenn finds the barn full of walkers across from her house.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In the episode "Secrets", Maggie begs Glenn not to tell the others about the barn, but he soon reveals this secret, leaving Maggie feeling frustrated and betrayed. However, her feelings for Glenn become stronger after he saves her from a walker during another supply run. In the mid-season finale "Pretty Much Dead Already", Glenn tells the rest of the group about the barn, and Shane eventually breaks the barn open, leading Glenn and the other survivors to kill all the walkers as they file out, as Maggie and her family watch in horror.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In the episode "Nebraska", Shane Walsh (Jon Bernthal) confronts Hershel about the barn, specifically accusing him of knowing that Carol Peletier's (Melissa McBride) daughter Sophia (Madison Lintz) whom the group were searching for was one of the walkers in the barn, Hershel and Maggie deny it. When Hershel disappears, she pleads with Glenn not to look for him.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In the episode "18 Miles Out", Maggie's sister, Beth (Emily Kinney) becomes suicidal and Andrea (Laurie Holden) encourages her to make a choice whether to take her life. Maggie and Lori find out and pry the door open before Beth can finish cutting her wrists; Maggie bars Andrea from the house as a result. In the episode "Better Angels", when the survivor group is allowed to move into the farm house, Maggie tells Glenn he can move into her room, but he declines. In the season finale "Beside the Dying Fire", a horde of walkers attacks the farm. After the farm is overrun and lives are lost, Maggie and Glenn are left to depend on each other as the group scatters. On the road, he declares his love for her. The two then reconnect with the surviving others on the highway.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In the season premiere "Seed", after spending the winter on the run, the group spots an abandoned prison and Maggie proves herself a capable soldier in helping to clear the yard of walkers. However, Hershel's leg is bitten and amputated in the process. In the episode "Sick", Maggie must come to terms with the possibility of losing her father. She sits with Hershel while he's unconscious and urges him to let go. In the episode "Killer Within", she is present when Lori goes into labor during a walker attack on the prison. Once Lori realizes she is about to hemorrhage to death, she orders Maggie to cut her open. Maggie obliges, saving the baby but losing Lori in the process.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In the episode "Say the Word", Daryl Dixon (Norman Reedus) and Maggie go to an abandoned daycare center to search for baby formula and infant supplies. In the episode "Hounded", while out on a supply run, she and Glenn are ambushed by Dary's brother Merle (Michael Rooker) and brought to Woodbury for interrogation. In the episode "When the Dead Come Knocking", Glenn is tortured and Maggie is forced to strip for the Governor (David Morrissey), who threatens to rape her in his attempt to get her to divulge the location of their camp, which she eventually does when the Governor threatens to shoot Glenn.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In the mid-season finale "Made to Suffer", Rick Grimes' (Andrew Lincoln) group makes it into Woodbury and rescues the couple, but Daryl is captured. As they escape over the wall, Oscar (Vincent Ward) is mortally wounded, and Maggie shoots him in the head to prevent reanimation. In the mid-season premiere, "The Suicide King", Maggie goes back into Woodbury with Rick and rescues Daryl and Merle. In the episode "Home", back at the prison, Maggie initially pushes Glenn away until they reconcile after the incident. In the episode "I Ain't a Judas", when Andrea comes to the prison, Maggie tells her what the Governor and his men did to her and Glenn. In the episode "This Sorrowful Life", Glenn proposes thereafter, and Maggie accepts. In the season finale "Welcome to the Tombs", she then takes part in defending the prison from the Woodbury Army, hiding on the prison catwalk in a riot gear suit and shooting at them. When the chaos is finished, she is present as the remaining Woodbury citizens are welcomed into the prison.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In the season premiere, "30 Days Without an Accident", a few months later, Maggie uncharacteristically complies with Glenn's urging that she not to go on a run. It is revealed that the couple had a pregnancy scare. Maggie mentions that if she had indeed been pregnant, they could have a family, and seems to be starting to think about the idea. Glenn has more reservations. In the episode "Infected", she and Carl rescue Michonne (Danai Gurira) when she is attacked by walkers.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In the episode "Isolation", when a serious sickness ravages the Prison group, Maggie is one of the few not affected by it; even Glenn must be quarantined. Maggie and Rick try to talk Hershel out of going to treat the sick, but he insists that he needs to help them. In the episode "Internment", she tends to the fence along with Rick to keep the walkers from tearing it down, until Rick tells her to help Hershel when they hear gunshots. She finds Glenn unconscious and helps Hershel revive him, and soon Bob Stookey (Lawrence Gilliard, Jr.) arrives with antibiotics and administers them to Glenn. In the midseason finale, "Too Far Gone", Maggie witnesses the Governor kill her father and fights back when the Governor's group attacks the prison. Maggie rescues Glenn and puts him on the bus, but they get separated once the bus leaves. When Bob is shot, she escapes the prison with Sasha Williams (Sonequa Martin-Green) and Bob. In the episode "Inmates", Maggie searches for Glenn, with Sasha and Bob following her. After she finds the bus and clears it but finds no sign of Glenn, she breaks down first in tears and then in laughter because she knows Glenn is out there somewhere.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In the episode "Alone", when she finds a Terminus sign she wants to go. She believes Glenn could be there and leaves Sasha and Bob. Following the tracks, she leaves signs that she writes in walker blood telling Glenn to go to Terminus. Eventually, she rejoins Sasha and Bob to Terminus. In the episode "Us", the three run into Abraham Ford (Michael Cudlitz), Eugene Porter (Josh McDermitt), and Rosita Espinosa (Christian Serratos) and save Glenn and Tara Chambler (Alanna Masterson) from walkers in a tunnel. Maggie, with Glenn and the others, finally reach Terminus and are greeted by a resident named Mary, who offers them a plate of food. In the season finale "A", after Rick, Carl, Michonne and Daryl are captured by the residents of Terminus they are put into a train block, revealing that Maggie and the others were also put in there and they are all hostage.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In the season premiere "No Sanctuary", Maggie and the others escape from the cannibal compound of Terminus as Carol destroys the compound and infests with walkers. In the episode "Strangers", they meet Reverend Gabriel Stokes (Seth Gilliam), who takes them to his church. In the episode "Four Walls and a Roof", they re-encounter Gareth and the Hunters, whom they massacred, although Maggie does not take part. In the morning, after much negotiation and Bob's death, Maggie agrees to go to Washington, DC to bring Eugene, who claims to be a scientist and to have the cure for the outbreak. In the episode "Self Help", along the way, he reveals he has lied. In the episode "Crossed", they return to the church to meet Michonne, Carl and Gabriel. In the mid-season finale "Coda", Michonne reveals that Beth is alive and being held in Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta. However, by the time Maggie's group arrive, Beth has been killed in a hostage exchange and Maggie breaks down in tears.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In the mid-season premiere "What Happened and What's Going On", in the aftermath, Maggie, now the lone surviving Greene, is depressed but agrees to go on to Washington regardless, in hopes of a safe haven, despite encountering another loss with the death of Tyreese (Chad L. Coleman). In the episode "Them", Maggie is hostile towards Gabriel for abandoning his flock by locking them outside of his church. She bonds with the grieving Daryl and Sasha, before encountering Aaron (Ross Marquand), a recruiter for a community called Alexandria. In the episode "The Distance", while distrustful, they agree to go with him. In the episode "Remember", they meet leader and former congressperson, Deanna Monroe (Tovah Feldshuh) who assigns her as a personal assistant on the future operations of the town. In the episode "Forget", Maggie attends Deanna's party. In the episode "Spend", she overhears Gabriel telling Deanna about her group being dangerous. In the season finale, "Conquer", after Rick tries to resolve issues with Pete Anderson (Corey Britt), a doctor who is abusing his wife Jessie (Alexandra Breckenridge), she stands up for Rick and questions Deanna's own leadership in trying to exile her friend. She then leaves to confront Gabriel and finds Sasha holding him at gunpoint, but the three pray in healing, making peace at last.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In the season premiere, "First Time Again", Maggie deals with the aftermath of Glenn's confrontation with supply runner Nicholas (Michael Traynor). She tells Tara that Glenn spared his life, despite Nicholas' attempt to kill him. In the episode "JSS", she helps keep Deanna safe outside of the walls while the Wolves are slaughtering the residents inside. Once all of the wolves have escaped or been killed, Maggie goes back inside Alexandria and tells Deanna she needs to remain strong. In the episode "Now", Maggie goes searching for Glenn after his disappearance and tells Aaron that she is pregnant. In the episode "Heads Up", Maggie sees green balloons in the air and yells out that the new arrival is none other than Glenn. She then watches as the watch tower suddenly collapses on the Alexandria wall and the herd begins to make their way into the safe zone. In the mid-season finale "Start to Finish", Maggie runs up a near by lookout post to avoid the herd of walkers that have now swarmed the streets of Alexandria. In the midseason premiere, "No Way Out", Glenn and Enid (Katelyn Nacon) save Maggie from the lookout post and join the others in fighting the herd inside Alexandria.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In "Knots Untie", Maggie follows Paul "Jesus" Monroe (Tom Payne) to the Hilltop and negotiates a trading deal with its Governor, Gregory (Xander Berkely), to take care of a hostile group called the Saviors in exchange for food and supplies. In the episode, "Not Tomorrow Yet", Maggie and Carol are captured after infiltrating the Saviors' compound. In "The Same Boat", the Saviors take Maggie and Carol to a slaughterhouse in order to interrogate them until reinforcements arrive. Maggie and Carol are able to get free but Maggie wants to stay in order to kill the saviors. The two of them kill the Saviors, along with the reinforcements that show up shortly after. Maggie and Carol then meet back up with Rick and the group and head back to Alexandria. In the episode "East", Maggie is seen showering with Glenn, which reveals bruises on her hip and waist. In case the Saviors attack, Maggie suggest they create cache of guns throughout the community, to guarantee that they will have weapons. Later that evening, Enid cuts Maggie's hair, when she suddenly collapses onto the ground, screaming and holding her stomach. In the season finale, "Last Day on Earth", Rick, Carl, Sasha, Abraham, Eugene and Aaron drive the RV to get Maggie to the Hilltop's doctor, but they are trapped and captured by the Saviors. Their leader, Negan (Jeffrey Dean Morgan). arrives and sees a very ill Maggie, saying he should put her out of her misery. Negan then kills one of the group, which also includes Daryl, Rosita, Glenn, and Michonne, although it not shown who is killed.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In the season premiere, "The Day Will Come When You Won't Be," Maggie is forced to watch Abraham being beaten to death by Negan. An enraged Daryl tries to attack Negan, who then clubs him over the head to make an example of him. Despite severe head trauma, Glenn manages to tell Maggie, "I'll find you" before Negan beats him to death. After the Saviors depart, a traumatized Maggie tells the others to return to Alexandria and prepare for war and let her get to Hilltop by herself. Sasha decides to take Maggie to Hilltop and keep her safe.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In the episode "Go-Getters," Maggie recovers as the doctor advises her to stay put for the safety of the baby. She is comforted by Sasha and Jesus, but is forced to deal with Gregory's cowardice and his refusal to keep them there. She also changes her last name to Rhee in honor of Glenn. Maggie helps stop an attack on the Hilltop using a tractor to destroy the car radio drawing walkers in, and gives orders to Sasha and Jesus. She punches Gregory after he tries to give them up to the Saviors.


title: Maggie Greene

text: Maggie is next seen in "Hearts Still Beating" where it's shown that she and Sasha have become quite well-liked in the Hilltop. She later reunites with Rick, Michonne, Carl, Rosita and Tara as well as Daryl as they come to the Hilltop to plan their next move against the Saviors. In "Rock in the Road," Maggie, along with Rick, try to talk Gregory into allowing the Hilltop to join Alexandria in their plot to rebel against Negan, with Gregory declining. In the episode "The Other Side," Maggie is seen training residents of the Hilltop and teaching them how to throw knives and the citizens of the Hilltop begin to look at her as their leader, making Gregory paranoid. Simon and the Saviors arrive at the Hilltop, causing Maggie and Daryl to hide in a cellar. While hiding, Daryl and Maggie talk about Glenn, causing Daryl to break down and cry, blaming himself for Glenn's death. Maggie insists that Glenn's death was not his fault, and the two of them embrace, with Maggie telling Daryl that they will defeat Negan.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In the episode "Something They Need," Maggie is seen gardening when Gregory approaches her. Gregory, realizing the people of the Hilltop are beginning to view Maggie as their leader, attempts to offer her a united front in leadership. Maggie says she will consider his offer and he contemplates killing her, but instead is saved by Maggie when a walker attacks him. In the season finale, "The First Day of the Rest of Your Life," Maggie learns that Sasha has been captured by the Saviors, Negan's former minion Dwight (Austin Amelio) is offering to help Alexandria, and that Negan knows about Rick's plan to rebel. Jesus asks Maggie what Hilltop should do, and Maggie says they will help Alexandria. Maggie, Jesus and citizens of the Hilltop travel to Alexandria and join Rick and the others in battling Negan and the Saviors, driving the Saviors to retreat. After the battle, Maggie and Jesus find Sasha, who is now a walker, and Maggie tearfully stabs her in the head. The season ends with Rick, Maggie, and King Ezekiel (Khary Payton), each leaders of their respective communities, uniting and agreeing to declare war.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In the season's opening episode "Mercy" Maggie joins Rick, Ezekiel and the others on their assault of The Sanctuary. Upon learning of Gregory's betrayal of his people, Jesus proclaims that the Hilltop has found a new leader in Maggie. By "Monsters" Maggie has returned to Hilltop. Gregory arrives pleading for Maggie to open the gate and forgive him. While she seems hesitant, she eventually lets him in. Later on, when Jesus brings a large group of Saviors to the Hilltop, Maggie is unsure whether or not keeping them as prisoners would be safe. In "The King, the Widow, and Rick" Maggie decides to keep them as prisoners in outdoor cells rather than kill them. Maggie also decides to hold Gregory prisoner, due to his reputation as being untrustworthy. That afternoon Aaron arrives at the Hilltop and he tells Maggie about his plan to convince Oceanside to join the war.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In "How It's Gotta Be" Maggie and her people are in a car on their way to Alexandria when Maggie sees a tree on a road. Simon and others appear with Jerry as a hostage at gunpoint. One passenger seated behind Maggie (named Neil) is killed by Negan's right-hand man Simon (Steven Ogg). After this, Simon lets her group go. Since one member of her group was murdered, Maggie has one Savior released from the prison, and shot in front of the others. The following day Maggie sends that coffin back to Negan as a threat of what will happen to the other prisoners if the Saviors continue to fight. In "Dead or Alive Or" a Savior named Alden (Callan McAuliffe) suggests an agreement to Maggie that the prisoners be allowed to leave the cell supervised for a short period of time. At first she refuses, but eventually concedes. Later Maggie comforts Enid as she learns of Carl's death.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In "The Key" Maggie along with Rosita, Enid and Michonne head to a meeting after finding a mysterious care package outside of the Hilltops gates. The woman they meet calls herself Georgie (Jayne Atkinson) and gives Maggie hand drawn blueprints for buildings and machinery such as windmills to allow the Hilltop to thrive after the war. She refers to this as the "Key to the Future" and promises Maggie she will eventually be back. In "Do Not Send Us Astray" Maggie, along the rest of the survivors, prepare a plan to defend the Hilltop upon the Saviors attack. Maggie threatens to kill all of the prisoners if Simon, the "de facto" leader of the Saviors, does not stop an attack on Hilltop. However Simon starts the attack without thinking about the welfare of the prisoners. Alden asks if he can help, but Maggie sends him back to the others inside. Maggie is annoyed to learn that Negan is not at the battle, but thanks Rick for attempting to kill him earlier that day. Maggie's people praise her for saving them, but she says that the only reason she really wanted to fight the Saviors was so that she could finally kill Negan and avenge Glenn's death.


title: Maggie Greene

text: The night after the attack, Maggie is horrified to discover everyone wounded in the battle has turned into walker. Rick recalls that Negan's bat was covered in walker blood, leading them to realize that the Saviors used their weapons to infect them. Maggie goes to the cell to check on the prisoners, but only Alden remains. She turns her gun on him asking what happened. Alden explains that the other Saviors escaped but that he stayed as he has no reason to follow Negan anymore. The following morning, Maggie buries the dead.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In "A New Beginning," 18 months after the war with the Saviors, Maggie has won an election demanded by Gregory to determine who the leader of Hilltop will be. She has also given birth to Glenn's child, a boy whom she names Hershel in honor of her father.


title: Maggie Greene

text: Maggie joins a group traveling to Washington, D.C. for supplies, but Ken Sutton (AJ Achinger), a young Hilltopper, is killed by walkers during the mission. Gregory gets Ken's grieving father Earl (John Finn) drunk and persuades him try to assassinate Maggie. She fights off the attempt on her life and confronts Gregory, who then tries to kill Maggie himself. Fed up with Gregory's treachery and wanting to make an example, Maggie has a gallows built while talking with Rick about helping to repair a bridge to better link the communities together. That night, she has Daryl execute Gregory by hanging in front of all of Hilltop.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In "The Bridge," Maggie is pressured by Earl's wife Tammy Rose (Brett Butler) to release him from prison. Eventually, Maggie talks to Earl, who explains his history of alcoholism before Ken was born and his relapse after Ken's death. Sympathetic, Maggie releases Earl on parole, explaining to Michonne how her father Hershel was also a recovering alcoholic and also deserved a second chance; she then says that Gregory had several chances to do the right thing, but did not take them.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In "Warning Signs," Maggie discovers the murder of the antagonistic Savior Justin (Zach McGowan), leading to renewed tensions between the communities and the Saviors while the murder and several other disappearances are investigated. Maggie and Daryl eventually deduce that Oceanside is the culprit, seeking revenge upon the surviving Saviors who took part in the massacre of all of the males in their community over the age of ten. Maggie and Daryl catch up with Oceanside as they are about to execute Arat (Elizabeth Ludlow), their last target and the women explain that Maggie's execution of Gregory inspired them to act. Remembering Negan's cruelty, Maggie and Daryl allow Oceanside to kill Arat and decide that it is time to deal with Negan.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In "The Obliged," Maggie heads for Alexandria despite Jesus' attempts to talk her out of her plan while Daryl and her allies work to divert Rick and the others from stopping Maggie.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In "What Comes After," Maggie confronts Negan in his cell, where he begs her to kill him. Seeing how broken Negan has become, Maggie decides that the Negan that she wants to kill is already dead and leaves without harming him. Maggie takes part in the attempt to save Rick from the massive herd he is facing, and is devastated by Rick's apparent death when he blows up the bridge to stop the herd from reaching the Hilltop.


title: Maggie Greene

text: Six years later, Maggie is mentioned several times as being estranged from Michonne and her friends in Alexandria, presumably due to Michonne's decision to isolate Alexandria from the other communities. It is eventually revealed that Maggie left Hilltop to help Georgie and her group with another community far away. She is also close with Rick's daughter Judith (Cailey Fleming), who calls her "Aunt Maggie".


title: Maggie Greene

text: In "The Storm," after the trade fair massacre, it is mentioned that several letters have been sent to Maggie about the war with the Whisperers, but she has not responded to them.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In "Lines We Cross," Carol mentions that there has still been no response from Maggie to their letters about the Whisperers.


title: Maggie Greene

text: In "A Certain Doom," Maggie finally checks her mail and learns about the war with the Whisperers and the deaths of Tara, Jesus and Enid at the hands of the Whisperers' leader, Alpha (Samantha Morton). During the final battle with the Whisperers, Maggie and a masked survivor that she introduces as a friend appear in time to save Gabriel's life. Maggie is subsequently reunited with her surviving friends, talking with Alden and Judith as everyone celebrates the end of the war.


title: Maggie Greene

text: As Alexandria's food supplies dwindle, Maggie leads a team to scavenge her former home, Meridian, for supplies; she reluctantly includes Negan in the search. The are attacked by a horde of walkers in an abandoned subway station, and Maggie nearly dies when she loses her grip while climbing out. She is able to survive and escape, but realizes trhat Negan was going to let her die, intensifying their feud. She then finds Gage (Jackson Pace), an Alexandrian who had stolen food from the community, being attacked by walkers, and refuses to save him, letting him kill himself before the walkers devour his corpse.


title: Maggie Greene

text: Maggie's group is attacked by Reapers in the woods, and are forced to scatter. She finds Negan and Alden, the latter mortally injured and insisting on being left behind. Maggie and Negan leave him and go to a supply depot at Arbor Hills, eventually meeting up with Gabriel and Elijah (Okea Eme-Akwari). Negan makes a Whisperer mask for Maggie, and tells her that he should have killed Rick's entire group, including her, because it would have made life safer for the other communities that the Saviors ruled. Maggie still hates him, but appreciates his honesty.


title: Maggie Greene

text: Maggie later helps steer a horde of walkers away from Alexandria toward Meridian, which is now ruled by the ruthless Pope (Ritchie Coster). After Pope and his men destroy the horde, they attack Maggie's group. She kills several Reapers in cold blood, and puts Alden, now reanimated as a walker, out of his misery. After Pope is killed and the Reapers are defeated, Maggie goes back to Alexandria with her group, except for Negan, who goes off on his own upon realizing that Maggie will always hate him.