title: Paul Guilfoyle

text: Guilfoyle was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He attended Boston College High School and spoke at the 2005 commencement of the school's seniors. He would later appear in "Spotlight", which features the school. Guilfoyle graduated from Lehigh University in 1972.


title: Paul Guilfoyle

text: He is a member of The Actors Studio and established a substantial theatrical reputation on and off Broadway, including 12 years with the Theatre Company of Boston, appearances on Broadway include in David Rabe's "The Basic Training of Pavlo Hummel", "Those The River Keeps", "Richard III" with Al Pacino, David Mamet's "Glengarry Glen Ross", "Death Defying Acts", and "Search and Destroy".


title: Paul Guilfoyle

text: Guilfoyle appeared in "Three Men and a Baby", and in an early episode of "Crime Story", where he played a criminal who takes a hostage, getting into a shootout with the Major Crimes Unit. He has since become one of the industry's leading character actors specializing in roles on both the good and bad side of law enforcement.


title: Paul Guilfoyle

text: His television appearances most notably include guest roles on "Miami Vice", "Law & Order", "Wiseguy", "New York Undercover", "Ally McBeal" and "Justice League Unlimited" as Travis Morgan, the Warlord. His film credits are numerous, spanning nearly three decades. His appearances in notable films include "Howard the Duck", "Wall Street", "Celtic Pride", "Beverly Hills Cop II", "Quiz Show", "Final Analysis", "Hoffa", "Mrs. Doubtfire", "Air Force One", "Striptease", "Amistad", "The Negotiator", "Extreme Measures", "Session 9", "Primary Colors", and "L.A. Confidential".


title: Paul Guilfoyle

text: Guilfoyle also appears in Alter Bridge's video for their single "Broken Wings", and the HBO original movie "Live from Baghdad".


title: Paul Guilfoyle

text: Guilfoyle is best known for his role as L.V.P.D. Captain James "Jim" Brass in the CBS police drama "", which he performed since the show's inception in 2000.


title: Paul Guilfoyle

text: In 2014, it was announced that Guilfoyle would be leaving "CSI: Crime Scene Investigation" after 14 years, but returned in 2015 for the two-hour series finale "".


title: Paul Guilfoyle

text: In 2020, he guest-starred on "" in the two-part story "", as Carl, the humanoid avatar of the Guardian of Forever.


title: Paul Guilfoyle

text: In 1989, Guilfoyle married choreographer and aerial artist Lisa Giobbi. They have one child and live in New York City.


title: Tini (singer)

text: Martina Stoessel Muzlera (; born 21 March 1997), known professionally as Tini (stylised in all caps), is an Argentine singer, songwriter, actress, dancer and model. She began her career by appearing on the Argentine children's television series "Patito Feo" (2007). She rose to prominence for her lead role as Violetta Castillo in the Disney Channel Latin America original telenovela, "Violetta" (2012–2015), and afterwards portrayed the same character in the series' sequel film "" (2016).


title: Tini (singer)

text: After signing with Hollywood Records, Stoessel released her self-titled debut studio album, "Tini (Martina Stoessel)" (2016). The album sold over 100,000 copies worldwide in less than two months, and reached No. 1 in Argentina, as well as the top 10 in various European countries. Stoessel's sophomore studio album, "Quiero Volver" (2018) with the sound of Latin pop, also topped the Argentine album chart, becoming her second No. 1 album in the country. The album's lead single, which is AR certified platinum, "Te Quiero Más", and single "Por Que Te Vas", were Stoessel's first songs that charted in the top 20 on the AR "Billboard" Hot 100. The album also spawned her single collaborations "Princesa" with Karol G, with whom she broke through "Billboard"'s US Latin Airplay and US Latin Pop charts.


title: Tini (singer)

text: Stoessel maintained Latin pop sound, where she also experimented new sounds like reggaeton, cumbia and trap on her third studio album, "Tini Tini Tini" (2020), which received double diamond certification by CAPIF, for selling more than 500,000 digital copies in Argentina. "Tini Tini Tini" album, spawned her singles AR double platinum "Fresa", AR platinum "Oye" and AR gold "Ella Dice", that were Stoessel's first singles to debut at top 5 in AR "Billboard" Hot 100. The singles made her break the record for most top 5 debuts on the AR Hot 100 chart. In 2021, Stoessel score her first No. 1 "Billboard" AR Hot 100 with single "Miénteme", followed by "Bar" and "La Triple T". The singles also reached on the "Billboard" Global 200 and "Global Excl. US", making Stoessel's first appearance on Global 200, and making her the first female Argentine artist to achieve such success.


title: Tini (singer)

text: Stoessel's accolades include three Gardel Award, seven , one Argentina Kids' Choice Award, one Colombia Kids' Choice Award, three Bravo Otto Awards, two Martín Fierro Awards, one LOS40 Music Award, three MTV Millennial Awards, two MTV Europe Music Award and nominations for the Heat Latin Music Awards, Nickelodeon Kid's Choice Awards, Latin American Music Awards, Urban Music Awards among others. She is also referred to as the "Princess of Latin Pop". In 2016, she has been included on The Hollywood Reporter's list of 25 Most Powerful Women in Global Television. From 2017 to 2021, Stoessel was named "Billboard"'s Argentina "Artist of The Year" and No. 1 Argentine artist on Spotify consecutively. In 2021, Stoessel was named on ¡Hola!'s list of Top 100 Latina Powerhouse, while in 2019 and 2021, she was also named one of the 10 most influential women from Argentina. She became the only artist that ever completely sold-out nine Estadio Luna Park and six Hipódromo de Palermo shows with her Quiero Volver Tour and Tini Tour 2022.


title: Tini (singer)

text: Stoessel was born in Buenos Aires, the daughter of Mariana Muzlera and television director and producer Alejandro Stoessel. She has a brother, Francisco, who is one year older than her. Stoessel began her artistic training at a young age studying singing, piano, musical comedy, musical theater, and dance in her native Buenos Aires. Stoessel was educated at two private bilingual schools: Colegio San Marcos and Colegio Martín y Omar de San Isidro.


title: Tini (singer)

text: In 2007, Stoessel had a role in the first season of the popular Argentine children's telenovela, "Patito Feo", as "Martina", one of Fito Bernardi's assistants. She also played the role of "Anna" in a flashback episode in the same series.


title: Tini (singer)

text: In 2011, Stoessel recorded the Spanish version of the Shannon Saunders' song, "The Glow", called "Tu Resplandor"; the song was included on the album, "Disney Princess: Fairy Tale Songs". She performed the song at an event for Disney Channel Latin America called "Celebratón" on 31 December 2011. The song was later released on an album for the series in March 2012.


title: Tini (singer)

text: Stoessel's father presented an unrelated project to Disney Channel producers, who later informed him about auditions for the lead role for the network's upcoming television series, "Violetta". In late 2011, after an intense casting process, Stoessel obtained the principal role in the series, a tween-oriented musical series developed as a co-production between Disney Channel Latin America, Europe, Middle East and Africa. The show's first season began production in Buenos Aires in 2012. Stoessel played the titular character, Violetta Castillo, during all three seasons of the show. She sang the series' theme song, "En Mi Mundo", which was later released as a single on 5 April 2012 to promote the show. The song appeared on the first "Violetta" soundtrack album, which was released in June 2012. Subsequently, she recorded the Italian version, "Nel Mio Mondo" and the English version, "In My Own World". Both versions were included on the second soundtrack for "Violetta, Cantar es lo que soy," released on November 29, 2012. The songs were used as the theme songs for the series in its international broadcasts in Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States via Netflix. For the role, Stoessel won an award for "Female Newcomer" in the 2012 edition of the Kids' Choice Awards Argentina and was also nominated for the U.S. version, the Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards, in the category "Favorite Latin Artist".


title: Tini (singer)

text: In 2013, Stoessel and the cast of "Violetta" embarked on their first concert tour, Violetta en Vivo, of Latin America and Europe, in support of the series and its albums. She appeared on the third "Violetta" soundtrack album, "Hoy somos más", released in June 2013. On 10 August 2013, Stoessel performed, along with the cast of "Violetta", at the UNICEF television charity event "Un sol para los chicos", where she sang the songs, "Ser Mejor" and "En Mi Mundo". In 2013, she recorded "Libre Soy" and "All'Alba Sorgerò", the Latin American Spanish and Italian versions of the pop version of "Let It Go", the closing credits song from the Disney animated film "Frozen". These versions of the song were used in the film's ending credits in US. In November 2013, Stoessel was included in the fourth "Violetta" soundtrack, "Violetta en Vivo". It features songs from the first two seasons of "Violetta", and songs from the Violetta en Vivo tour.


title: Tini (singer)

text: Stoessel also participated in the television programs "The U-Mix Show" and "Disney Planet" for Disney Channel Latin America. In 2014, she voiced a brief role for the Italian dubbed version of the Disney animated film "Monsters University". In May 2014, Stoessel released her first book, a co-authored biography called "Simplemente Tini", about her upbringing and eventual rise to international popularity. That same month, she held a free musical concert near the Monument to the Carta Magna and Four Regions of Argentina, organized by the city government of Buenos Aires, under the slogan "Cuidemos el planeta". The fifth "Violetta" soundtrack, "Gira mi canción" was released on July 18, 2014, featuring Stoessel on several tracks. All released "Violetta" soundtrack albums went platinum or higher. In September 2014, Stoessel performed at a charity soccer match "Partido Interreligioso por la Paz", convened by Pope Francis at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome where she sang "Nel Mio Mondo" and the cover version of John Lennon's song "Imagine".


title: Tini (singer)

text: Stoessel and some of the cast members of "Violetta" filmed the movie, "". Production began on 7 October 2015 and ended in mid-December 2015, where the movie filmed in various international locations, including Sicily, Cádiz, Spain, Madrid, and Buenos Aires. A teaser trailer featuring scenes from the movie was released in late December 2015. The film was released in various Latin American and European countries. It was to be released in Argentina on 14 July 2016, but was released earlier on 2 June 2016. The movie was filmed in between concert stops for the television series' final international tour called Violetta Live. This tour was listed at top 5 highest-grossing tours in 2015, and top 5 most highest-grossing tours by Disney act ever, breaking the record of her last tour, Violetta en Vivo. On 21 August 2015, it was announced that Stoessel had signed a recording deal with Hollywood Records to release her own solo material under the newly adopted stage name "Tini", (stylised in all caps).


title: Tini (singer)

text: From January 2016 to early March 2016 she recorded her debut album in Los Angeles, California. Her debut album, "TINI (Martina Stoessel)", was released worldwide on digital and physical formats on 29 April 2016. The album contains two discs: one which serves as the soundtrack from "Tini: The Movie" and Stoessel's solo album of Spanish and English language songs. Stoessel announced that "Siempre Brillarás" would be the lead single used to promote the release of "Tini: The Movie". The song was available to fans on 25 March 2016 with the pre-order purchase of her debut album. The song was also recorded in English and was released under the title, "Born to Shine". The music video for "Siempre Brillarás", featuring scenes from "Tini: The Movie", was released on 25 March 2016. The music video for the soundtrack's second promotional single, "Losing the Love", was released on 6 May 2016, and its music video included clips from the film. Stoessel performed songs from her debut album at her first showcase as a solo artist at La Usina del Arte in Buenos Aires on 12 June 2016. The showcase was filmed and broadcast on her official YouTube channel from 22 to 28 August 2016. On 24 June 2016, Stoessel released her second solo single, "Great Escape", along with the Spanish-language version of the song, "Yo Me Escaparé". The music video for "Great Escape" was filmed in Buenos Aires and later released on 8 July 2016. On 14 October 2016, Stoessel released the deluxe edition of her debut album, which includes "Yo Me Escaparé" and the Spanish-language version of the song "Got Me Started", "Ya No Hay Nadie Que Nos Pare", with vocals from Colombian singer Sebastián Yatra. Stoessel released "Got Me Started", along with "Ya No Hay Nadie Que Nos Pare", as her third solo single to coincide with the release of the deluxe edition of her album. The music video for "Got Me Started" was released on 8 December 2016, while the video for "Ya No Hay Nadie Que Nos Pare" was released on 19 January 2017. Stoessel's fourth solo single, "Si Tu Te Vas", was released on 4 May 2017, alongside the music video for the song. On 18 March 2017, Stoessel began her first solo concert tour, Got Me Started Tour, starting from Europe and then heading on to Latin America. The tour was listed as the highest-grossing tour of 2017 in Argentina, and on "Pollstar"'s "2017 Mid-Top 100 Worldwide Tours" list. In the summer of 2017, Stoessel guest starred as herself in two episodes of the second season of Disney Channel Latin America telenovela series, "Soy Luna". In June, Stoessel was featured on "Todo Es Posible", a collaboration with Spanish singer David Bisbal for the "Tad Jones: The Hero Returns" movie soundtrack. In July, Stoessel was featured on "It's a Lie", the song from The Vamps's third studio album "Night & Day", and she also appeared alongside fellow artist and the "Voz Por La Paz" foundation patron Odino Faccia on the world peace anthem, "Somos El Cambio", which was written by the former President of the United States, Barack Obama, and the song was first performed at the "Red Voz Por La Paz" ceremony the previous year.


title: Tini (singer)

text: The collaboration between Stoessel and Venezuelan singer Nacho titled "Te Quiero Más" was released on 13 October 2017 as the lead single from her second album. In December 2017, Stoessel made a guest appearance as herself in an episode of the telenovela "Las Estrellas", and she was featured in a remix of "Lights Down Low" by MAX, titled "Latin Mix". On 6 April 2018, Stoessel released "Princesa", a duet with Karol G, as the second single from her second album. The single became Stoessel's first single to top the national chart in Argentina. Also, the single reached US Latin Airplay and US Latin Pop charts. On 22 June 2018, Stoessel released "Consejo de Amor", featuring Colombian folk-rock band Morat, as the third single from her second album. On 26 July 2018, Stoessel was featured alongside Flo Rida on a remix of Álvaro Soler's hit single "La Cintura". In August 2018, it was announced that Stoessel had joined "La Voz... Argentina" as a coach for the reality competition show's second season; Stoessel is the youngest judge on any incarnation of "The Voice" franchise. On 3 August 2018, Stoessel released "Quiero Volver", a duet with Sebastián Yatra, as the fourth single from her second album. On 24 August 2018, Stoessel was featured alongside Colombian singer Greeicy in a remix of the song "Lo malo" by Spanish singers Aitana and Ana Guerra.In September 2018, Stoessel announced her second concert tour, Quiero Volver Tour, that began on 13 December 2018 at Estadio Luna Park in Buenos Aires. Thanks to this tour, Stoessel achieved a record as the Argentine artist with the most sold-out tickets at Estadio Luna Park, performing a total of nine concerts, eight of which were completely sold out. Stoessel's second album titled "Quiero Volver" was released on 12 October 2018. On 2 November 2018, Stoessel released "Por Que Te Vas", a collaboration with Cali y El Dandee, as the fifth single from her second album. In the same month, she was featured alongside Chelcee Grimes and Jhay Cortez on "Wild", the song from Jonas Blue's debut album "Blue", released as a single in February 2019. Stoessel voiced Moxy in the Spanish dubbed version of the animated musical comedy film "UglyDolls", released in May 2019.


title: Tini (singer)

text: In May 2019, it was announced that Stoessel had joined the reality talent show "Pequeños Gigantes Argentina" as a judge. The collaboration between Stoessel and Greeicy titled "22" was released on 3 May 2019 as the first single from Stoessel's third album. The song peaked at number eight on Argentina Hot 100 and became Stoessel's first top-ten single on the chart. On 14 June 2019, Stoessel was featured on "Sad Song", a collaboration with Swedish DJ Alesso. On 26 July 2019, Stoessel released "Suéltate El Pelo" as the second single from her third album, as well as part of promotion for Pantene. On 6 September 2019, Stoessel released "Fresa", a collaboration with Colombian singer Lalo Ebratt, as the third single from her third album. The song peaked at number three on Argentina Hot 100, becoming Stoessel's first top-five single on the chart. On 11 October 2019, Stoessel released "Oye", a duet with Sebastián Yatra, as the fourth single from her third album. The song debuted at number three on Argentina Hot 100, becoming Stoessel's second top-five single on the chart in a row. The single became the third song in the history of the chart to achieve a debut at No. 3, and made Stoessel the only female to debut two songs in the top-5 on the AR Hot chart. On 10 January 2020, Stoessel released "Recuerdo", a collaboration with Venezuelan duo Mau y Ricky, as the fifth single from her third album.


title: Tini (singer)

text: The collaboration between Stoessel and Colombian producer Ovy on the Drums titled "Ya no me llames" was released on 25 March 2020. In May 2020, Stoessel released, in collaboration with YouTube, a two-part docuseries titled "Tini Quiero Volver Tour". It shows behind the scenes and concert footage from Stoessel's Quiero Volver Tour, and follows her professional life during the tour. The series debuted on 22 May 2020. Stoessel appeared alongside Dutch DJ and producer R3hab and Mexican pop rock band Reik in a song titled "Bésame (I Need You)", released on 5 June 2020. On 15 July 2020, Stoessel appeared alongside fellow trap artist Khea on "Ella Dice", the sixth single from her third album. The song peaked at number four on Argentina Hot 100, becoming Stoessel's third top-five single on the chart. On 3 September 2020, Stoessel appeared alongside Lola Índigo on the remix of María Becerra's song titled "High". The remix peaked at number two on Argentina Hot 100, becoming Stoessel's fourth top-five single on the chart.


title: Tini (singer)

text: On 24 September 2020, Stoessel released "Duele", featuring trap artist John C, as the seventh single from her third album. The song peaked at number ten on Argentina Hot 100, becoming Stoessel's sixth top-ten single on the chart. In October 2020, Stoessel served as a key advisor on the Spanish version of "The Voice" for its seventh season. On 29 October 2020, Stoessel appeared alongside Alejandro Sanz on "Un Beso en Madrid", the eighth single from her third album. On 16 November 2020, Stoessel announced that her third album would be titled "Tini Tini Tini" and it would be released on 3 December 2020. Stoessel made history, having received a double diamond certification for the album. The album was also listed at Top 5 Most Listened To Albums Worldwide on Spotify Charts. The day of the album's release, Stoessel released "Te Olvidaré" as the ninth single. On 6 December 2020, Stoessel performed in a livestream concert titled "Tini Tini Tini Live", in collaboration with Claro, where she sang various songs from her third album. It was also reported that Stoessel would star alongside Sebastián Yatra in a Disney+ streaming television series titled "It Was Always Me". On 24 December 2020, it was announced that Stoessel and Yatra have left the series pre-production, with their respective roles being taken over by Karol Sevilla and Pipe Bueno.


title: Tini (singer)

text: In March 2021, Stoessel revealed that she signed with Sony Music Latin. The collaboration between Stoessel and María Becerra, titled "Miénteme" was released on 29 April 2021 as the lead single from Stoessel's upcoming fourth album. The song peaked at number one on Argentina Hot 100, becoming her first number-one single on the chart. The song also peaked at "Billboard Global 200", and "Global Excl. US", making Stoessel and Becerra the first and only Argentine artists appearing on "Global 200". In June 2021, Stoessel gave an interview for the fashion magazine "Vanity Teen", reviewing her career and her influence as a woman in today's society. On 21 June 2021, she appeared alongside rapper Duki on the remix of musical duo 's song "2:50". The remix peaked at number three on Argentina Hot 100. On 2 July 2021, Stoessel collaborated alongside singers Lola Índigo and Belinda on the song "La Niña de la Escuela" from the former's album "La Niña". On 19 August 2021, she released "Maldita Foto", a collaboration with singer Manuel Turizo, as the second single from her upcoming fourth album. Stoessel appeared alongside Danny Ocean on the song "Tú no me conoces", released on 1 October 2021. On 30 October 2021, she held a concert at Posadas, attended by more than 100,000 people and thus broke her record. On 11 November 2021, Stoessel released "Bar", a collaboration with singer L-Gante, as the third single from her upcoming fourth album, and the following day, announced her third headlining concert tour, Tini Tour 2022, in support of "Tini Tini Tini" (2020), as well as her upcoming fourth album. "Bar" debuted at number six on Argentina Hot 100 and the song's top ten debut on the chart made Stoessel and L-Gante artists appearing on "Hot Shot Debut". The song later peaked at number one on Argentina Hot 100, becoming Stoessel's second number-one single on the chart. On 26 November 2021, Stoessel contributed to the soundtrack of the animated film "Koati" with a song titled "Vueltas en Tu Mente". On 29 November 2021, in an interview with "Glamour Mexico", she announced that her fourth album will be released in 2022 and that she has experimented with new musical genres and collaborated with several artists on it, and also revealed that she's starring in a Chinese period drama film titled "The Diary", directed by Jackie Chan, and that its release date got delayed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On 9 December 2021, Stoessel released a song titled "Aquí Estoy" as part of her second collaboration with Pantene, coinciding with the release of the music video featuring the winners of the Aquí Estoy Challenge and her promotional livestream concert titled Aquí Estoy Show.


title: Tini (singer)

text: During the months of January and February 2022, Stoessel conducted a series of pre-tour music festival concerts in Argentina, Chile, and Bolivia, held prior to the official start of Tini Tour 2022. On 17 February 2022, she released "Fantasi", a collaboration with singer Beéle, as the fourth single from her upcoming fourth album. The song peaked at number six on Argentina Hot 100. On 5 May 2022, Stoessel released "La Triple T" as the fifth single from her upcoming fourth album. The song peaked at number one on Argentina Hot 100, becoming her third number-one single on the chart. On 19 May 2022, Stoessel released "Carne y Hueso" as the sixth single from her upcoming fourth album. The following day, she began the Tini Tour 2022 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, at Hipódromo de Palermo. On 28 May 2022, the fifth concert from her tour, which was held at Hipódromo Argentino, was broadcast live and released as a concert film titled "TINI Tour 2022: Live from Buenos Aires" (Spanish: "TINI Tour 2022: En Vivo desde Buenos Aires") on Star+ as a streaming exclusive under the platform's Star+ Music Live content label (serving as the debut presentation under the label, accompanying its launch) in Latin America, and on Disney+ in the United States. It became the first performance to be aired live by Disney for Latin America and the United States simultaneously. With this tour, Stoessel became the first female artist to ever sell out six Hipódromo de Palermo concerts, as well as the only Argentine artist to sell out a stadium since 2002. She collaborated with Christina Aguilera on the song "Suéltame", released on 30 May 2022 as the lead single from the latter's EP "La Tormenta" and the fourth single from the album "Aguilera". The song peaked at number twenty-four on Latin Pop Airplay and number nineteen on Mexico Espanol Airplay. On 6 July 2022, Stoessel released "La Loto", a collaboration with Becky G and Anitta, as the seventh single from her upcoming fourth album. The song debuted at number seven on Argentina Hot 100, making Stoessel once again an artist to appear on "Hot Shot Debut", alongside Becky G and Anitta. On 16 September 2022, Stoessel released "El Último Beso", a collaboration with Tiago PZK, as the eighth single from her upcoming fourth album. The song debuted at number seven on Argentina Hot 100, making Stoessel appear on "Hot Shot Debut" for the third time. On 7 October 2022, Stoessel was featured on the song "Un Reel" from Ozuna's album "Ozutochi". On 14 October 2022, Stoessel appeared alongside María Becerra, Greeicy and Becky G on a remix of Elena Rose's song "La Ducha". Stoessel appeared alongside some of the cast members of "Violetta" in a Disney+ special celebrating the show's 10th anniversary, "Solo Amor y Mil Canciones", released on 8 December 2022.


title: Tini (singer)

text: While working on "Violetta", Stoessel met with pop music and Latin music. She later transferred the pop sound to her first solo album "Tini (Martina Stoessel)". As Stoessel matured, her follow-up record, "Quiero Volver", was described as an evolution to a new sound exploring the more serious sound of Latin music. Stoessel expanded with genres that are common to her home country such as reggaeton, cumbia, urban and trap sound, on her third studio album "Tini Tini Tini," which was praised for have "a variety and all kinds of sound". In addition, Stoessel is also recognizable by her romantic ballads and said: On her third album, she also used in the poem with tango and explained:


title: Tini (singer)

text: Even before her career was launched by Disney, and even more because of that, Stoessel was already a fan and was inspired throughout her career by Miley Cyrus, Demi Lovato and Selena Gomez, who, like her, were successful protagonists on Disney Channel and later forayed into the music industry. She was also questioned by the media if she would follow the same pathsometimes controversialas some of them, to which she stated that each one does what they like and follows their own road; she would not follow the same path as other Disney stars.


title: Tini (singer)

text: As Stoessel grew in her profession as a singer, she also found other inspirations. Her biggest influences according to "Billboard" are Beyoncé, Justin Bieber and Shakira. In 2019, in a cover story for the Mexican edition of "Seventeen", when asked which was the biggest of them, Stoessel replied: "Beyoncé! She's awesome, I love her. I love everything she does, her music, her shows are amazing, how she dances [...] I like that you can see how she is present in the smallest details." This was already confirmed in previous years through her visual style (she worked with stylist Paula Selby Avellaneda, who had worked with Beyoncé), live performances and choreographies. Stoessel further cited Beyoncé as the person who she would like to collaborate with the most and also called the singer her "favorite artist": "She has inspired my career." Stoessel has praised Spanish musician Alejandro Sanz, with whom she collaborated on the 2020 pop ballad "Un Beso en Madrid", which she described as a "dream come true", and Puerto Rican musician Daddy Yankee, who she cited as a "teacher", stating that collaborating with him would be a "dream"; she grew up listening to both artists and stated them as her influences in Latin music.


title: Tini (singer)

text: Stoessel lives with her older brother and parents in San Isidro, Buenos Aires. Due to the expansion of her music career, she also often resides in Los Angeles, California, and in Miami, Florida. She speaks Spanish (her native language), Italian, and English.


title: Tini (singer)

text: In 2013, Stoessel started dating fellow Argentine actor Peter Lanzani. After two years of dating, they ended their relationship in April 2015. They got back together in the summer of the same year, but split again in December 2015.


title: Tini (singer)

text: In September 2016, Stoessel announced that she started dating Spanish model Pepe Barroso Silva, who was a guest star in the music video for "Great Escape". In February 2018, Stoessel announced that she and Silva are no longer dating, but they got back together in May 2018. On 22 December 2018, Stoessel announced that she and Silva have split again.


title: Tini (singer)

text: On 10 June 2019, during the "Martin Fierro" awards ceremony, Stoessel announced that she started dating Colombian singer and frequent collaborator Sebastián Yatra. In May 2020, it was announced that Stoessel and Yatra had ended their relationship.


title: Tini (singer)

text: In August 2022, Atlético Madrid footballer Rodrigo De Paul revealed in an Instagram post that he and Stoessel are dating.


title: Tini (singer)

text: In 2015, Stoessel became the face of L'Oréal Paris' Miss Manga mascara line in Latin America. In 2016, she became the face of the clothing brand "Cher". In 2017, Stoessel launched her clothing line called "Tini by Martina Stoessel". In 2018, she became the brand ambassador for Pantene Argentina and Latin America (it was renamed PanTini in the latter). That same year, Stoessel partnered with Ágatha Ruiz de la Prada and launched two fragrances: Rebel Love and Wow Girl. In February 2020, she became a brand ambassador for Adidas in Argentina. That same month, Stoessel was announced as the face of jewelry brand Pandora in Latin America, along with her then-boyfriend Sebastián Yatra. In 2022, Stoessel, along with Anitta and Becky G, was selected as the spokesperson for WhatsApp's "Gender Equality in Music & Beyond" campaign. Stoessel became a face of Maybelline make up line for Latin America in 2022. In November of the same year, Stoessel launched her clothing line in a collaboration with Pull&Bear called "Tini x P&B Collection".


title: Tini (singer)

text: On 10 August 2013, Stoessel performed, along with the cast of "Violetta", at the UNICEF television charity event "Un sol para los chicos", where she sang the songs, "Ser Mejor" and "En Mi Mundo". On 17 November 2016, Stoessel was named an honorary ambassador of the world peace by fellow human rights activist Adolfo Pérez Esquivel and Guatemalan political activist Rigoberta Menchú, at the "Red voz por la paz" ceremony in Buenos Aires. She is also a philanthropist and uses her fame as a platform to positively influence the lives of people around her.


title: Tini (singer)

text: In August 2018 and 2019, Stoessel participated again in "Un sol para los chicos", a solidarity campaign for the benefit of UNICEF. Stoessel became a part of UNICEF's protect #GeneracionUnica for the rights of every child.


title: Darby Stanchfield

text: Darby Leigh Stanchfield (born April 29, 1971) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as Abby Whelan in the ABC political drama series "Scandal" (2012–2018). Stanchfield is also known for roles as April Green in the CBS post-apocalyptic drama series "Jericho" (2006–07), and as Helen Bishop in the AMC period drama series "Mad Men" (2007–08). In 2020, she began starring as Nina Locke in the Netflix fantasy horror series "Locke & Key".


title: Darby Stanchfield

text: Stanchfield was born and raised in Kodiak, Alaska, where her father was a commercial fisherman. She later moved to Dutch Harbor in the Aleutian Islands, and finally Mercer Island, near Seattle. She attended the University of Puget Sound, graduating in 1993 with a degree in Communications and a minor in theater. She graduated from the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco.


title: Darby Stanchfield

text: Stanchfield began her career in theater, and made her television debut in an episode of CBS crime drama, "" in 2000. She later appeared in a number of television shows, including dramas "Angel", "Monk", "American Dreams", "Strong Medicine", "Without a Trace", "Nip/Tuck", "Bones", "Cold Case", and "The Mentalist", and well as sitcoms "That '80s Show", "It's All Relative" and "How I Met Your Mother". In feature films, she had the female lead role opposite Josh Duhamel in the 2004 adaptation of Oscar Wilde's "The Picture of Dorian Gray", and co-starred as Nathan Fillion's character wife in the comedy-drama "Waitress" (2007). She later has appeared in a number of independent films.


title: Darby Stanchfield

text: From 2006 to 2007, Stanchfield was a regular cast member in the CBS post-apocalyptic drama series "Jericho" as April Green. In 2007 she played Amelia Joffe (replacing Annie Wersching for two weeks in May) in the ABC daytime soap opera, "General Hospital". She later was cast in the recurring role as Helen Bishop on "Mad Men", appearing on five episodes. She also played Shannon Gibbs, Mark Harmon's character's first wife, in the CBS procedural "NCIS" appearing in seven episodes from 2006 to 2015. Stanchfield also guest starred as Meredith, the title character's first ex-wife, on the ABC comedy-drama series "Castle" in 2009 and in 2013.


title: Darby Stanchfield

text: In March 2011, Shonda Rhimes cast Stanchfield in her political drama series "Scandal". Before "Scandal", Stanchfield had guest role on Shonda Rhimes' "Private Practice" in 2008. The series debuted on ABC on April 5, 2012. She plays the role of Abby Whelan, the investigator in the lead character firm, and later the White House Press Secretary. The series ran for seven seasons and 124 episodes ending in 2018. In 2017, she directed all six episodes of "Gladiator Wanted", a web series that debuted prior to the sixth-season premiere and features Guillermo Diaz as Huck, Katie Lowes as Quinn, Cornelius Smith Jr. as Marcus and George Newbern as Charlie. In 2018, she directed one episode of the final season titled "The Noise".


title: Darby Stanchfield

text: During her "Scandal" years, Stanchfield co-starred in a number of films. She appeared in the crime horror thriller "Carnage Park" (2016), that premiered at Sundance Film Festival, and co-starred opposite Raza Jaffrey and Stana Katic in "The Rendezvous" (2017). She starred alongside Emily Bett Rickards and Meaghan Rath in the mystery-horror "The Clinic". In 2018, she was cast as a lead character's mother in the drama "Justine". She also played lead character's mother in the 2020 romance drama film "Stargirl" directed by Julia Hart.


title: Darby Stanchfield

text: On January 30, 2019, it was announced that Stanchfield had been cast in the series regular role of Nina Locke on the Netflix supernatural drama series "Locke & Key". The first season premiered on February 7, 2020 to positive reviews from critics.


title: Civil and political rights

text: Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one's entitlement to participate in the civil and political life of society and the state without discrimination or repression.


title: Civil and political rights

text: Civil rights include the ensuring of peoples' physical and mental integrity, life, and safety; protection from discrimination on grounds such as sex, race, sexual orientation, national origin, color, age, political affiliation, ethnicity, social class, religion, and disability; and individual rights such as privacy and the freedom of thought, speech, religion, press, assembly, and movement.


title: Civil and political rights

text: Political rights include natural justice (procedural fairness) in law, such as the rights of the accused, including the right to a fair trial; due process; the right to seek redress or a legal remedy; and rights of participation in civil society and politics such as freedom of association, the right to assemble, the right to petition, the right of self-defense, and the right to vote.


title: Civil and political rights

text: Civil and political rights form the original and main part of international human rights. They comprise the first portion of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (with economic, social, and cultural rights comprising the second portion). The theory of three generations of human rights considers this group of rights to be "first-generation rights", and the theory of negative and positive rights considers them to be generally negative rights.


title: Civil and political rights

text: The phrase "civil rights" is a translation of Latin "jus civis" (right of the citizen). Roman citizens could be either free ("libertas") or servile ("servitus"), but they all had rights in law. After the Edict of Milan in 313, these rights included the freedom of religion; however, in 380, the Edict of Thessalonica required all subjects of the Roman Empire to profess Catholic Christianity. Roman legal doctrine was lost during the Middle Ages, but claims of universal rights could still be made based on Christian doctrine. According to the leaders of Kett's Rebellion (1549), "all bond men may be made free, for God made all free with his precious blood-shedding."


title: Civil and political rights

text: In the 17th century, English common law judge Sir Edward Coke revived the idea of rights based on citizenship by arguing that Englishmen had historically enjoyed such rights. The Parliament of England adopted the English Bill of Rights in 1689. It was one of the influences drawn on by George Mason and James Madison when drafting the Virginia Declaration of Rights in 1776. The Virginia declaration is the direct ancestor and model for the U.S. Bill of Rights (1789).


title: Civil and political rights

text: The removal by legislation of a civil right constitutes a "civil disability". In early 19th century Britain, the phrase "civil rights" most commonly referred to the issue of such legal discrimination against Catholics. In the House of Commons support for civil rights was divided, with many politicians agreeing with the existing civil disabilities of Catholics. The Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 restored their civil rights.


title: Civil and political rights

text: In the United States, the term civil rights has been associated with the civil rights movement (1954-1968), which fought against racism.


title: Civil and political rights

text: T. H. Marshall notes that civil rights were among the first to be recognized and codified, followed later by political rights and still later by social rights. In many countries, they are constitutional rights and are included in a bill of rights or similar document. They are also defined in international human rights instruments, such as the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.


title: Civil and political rights

text: Civil and political rights need not be codified to be protected. However, most democracies worldwide do have formal written guarantees of civil and political rights. Civil rights are considered to be natural rights. Thomas Jefferson wrote in his "A Summary View of the Rights of British America" that "a free people [claim] their rights as derived from the laws of nature, and not as the gift of their chief magistrate."


title: Civil and political rights

text: The question of to whom civil and political rights apply is a subject of controversy. Although in many countries citizens have greater protections against infringement of rights than non-citizens, civil and political rights are generally considered to be universal rights that apply to all persons.


title: Civil and political rights

text: According to political scientist Salvador Santino F. Regilme Jr., analyzing the causes of and lack of protection from human rights abuses in the Global South should be focusing on the interactions of domestic and international factors—an important perspective that has usually been systematically neglected in the social science literature.


title: Civil and political rights

text: Custom also plays a role. Implied or unenumerated rights are rights that courts may find to exist even though not expressly guaranteed by written law or custom; one example is the right to privacy in the United States, and the Ninth Amendment explicitly shows that there are other rights that are also protected.


title: Civil and political rights

text: The United States Declaration of Independence states that people have unalienable rights including "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness". It is considered by some that the sole purpose of government is the protection of life, liberty and property.


title: Civil and political rights

text: Some thinkers have argued that the concepts of self-ownership and cognitive liberty affirm rights to choose the food one eats, the medicine one takes, and the habit one indulges.


title: Civil and political rights

text: Civil rights guarantee equal protection under the law. When civil and political rights are not guaranteed to all as part of equal protection of laws, or when such guarantees exist on paper but are not respected in practice, opposition, legal action and even social unrest may ensue.


title: Civil and political rights

text: Civil rights movements in the United States gathered steam by 1848 with such documents as the Declaration of Sentiment. Consciously modeled after the Declaration of Independence, the Declaration of Rights and Sentiments became the founding document of the American women's movement, and it was adopted at the Seneca Falls Convention, July 19 and 20, 1848.


title: Civil and political rights

text: Worldwide, several political movements for equality before the law occurred between approximately 1950 and 1980. These movements had a legal and constitutional aspect, and resulted in much law-making at both national and international levels. They also had an activist side, particularly in situations where violations of rights were widespread. Movements with the proclaimed aim of securing observance of civil and political rights included:


title: Civil and political rights

text: Most civil rights movements relied on the technique of civil resistance, using nonviolent methods to achieve their aims. In some countries, struggles for civil rights were accompanied, or followed, by civil unrest and even armed rebellion. While civil rights movements over the last sixty years have resulted in an extension of civil and political rights, the process was long and tenuous in many countries, and many of these movements did not achieve or fully achieve their objectives.


title: Civil and political rights

text: Questions about civil and political rights have frequently emerged. For example, to what extent should the government intervene to protect individuals from infringement on their rights by other individuals, or from corporations—e.g., in what way should employment discrimination in the private sector be dealt with?


title: Civil and political rights

text: Political theory deals with civil and political rights. Robert Nozick and John Rawls expressed competing visions in Nozick's "Anarchy, State, and Utopia" and Rawls' "A Theory of Justice". Other influential authors in the area include Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld, and Jean Edward Smith.


title: Civil and political rights

text: First-generation rights, often called "blue" rights, deal essentially with liberty and participation in political life. They are fundamentally civil and political in nature, as well as strongly individualistic: They serve negatively to protect the individual from excesses of the state. First-generation rights include, among other things, freedom of speech, the right to a fair trial, (in some countries) the right to keep and bear arms, freedom of religion, freedom from discrimination, and voting rights. They were pioneered in the seventeenth and eighteenth-century during the Age of Enlightenment. Political theories associated with the English, American, and French revolutions were codified in the English Bill of Rights in 1689 (a restatement of Rights of Englishmen, some dating back to Magna Carta in 1215) and more fully in the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in 1789 and the United States Bill of Rights in 1791.


title: Civil and political rights

text: They were enshrined at the global level and given status in international law first by Articles 3 to 21 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and later in the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. In Europe, they were enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights in 1953.


title: Civil and political rights

text: There are current organizations that exist to protect people's civil and political rights in case they are infringed upon. The ACLU, founded in 1920, is a well-known non-profit organization that helps to preserve freedom of speech and works to change policy. Another organization is the NAACP, founded in 1909, which focuses on protecting the civil rights of minorities. The NRA is a civil rights group founded in 1871 that primarily focuses on protecting the right to bear arms. These organizations serve a variety of causes one being the AFL-CIO, which is America's union that represent the working-class people nationwide.


title: A Thousand Miles

text: "A Thousand Miles" (originally titled "Interlude") is the debut single by American pop singer Vanessa Carlton. Produced by Curtis Schweitzer and Ron Fair, the song was released as the lead single for Carlton's album "Be Not Nobody" (2002). First released to US radio in February 2002, it became Carlton's biggest hit in the United States and her only single to reach the top 10 of the "Billboard" Hot 100, peaking at number five. The song also experienced commercial success worldwide, reaching number one in Australia, the top five in Ireland, and the top 10 in the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and the Netherlands.


title: A Thousand Miles

text: "A Thousand Miles" is a piano-driven pop song supported by a string orchestral arrangement. Carlton says that the song was inspired by a crush she had on a Juilliard student (who is now a "very famous actor") whom she met while she was attending The School of American Ballet. She further stated that because she never actually spoke to her crush due to her shyness, she felt like she had "a better chance of falling up than ever having a relationship with this person".


title: A Thousand Miles

text: She has also called the song "a combination of reality and fantasy. It's about a love that so consumes you that you do anything for it. That's how I felt at that time."


title: A Thousand Miles

text: "A Thousand Miles" is written in the key of B major and composed with a tempo of 95 beats per minute. Carlton wrote the song's piano riff in the summer of 1998 at her parents' house in Philadelphia; her mother, who had been listening to her, said, "Vanessa, that's a hit song." Carlton was unable to finish the song because of a case of writer's block, and did not return to it for several months. While looking for a record label that would sign her, Carlton played the beginning of the song for a record producer, who said, "You have to finish that." She returned to her parents' home and finished it in an hour one evening, naming it "Interlude."


title: A Thousand Miles

text: Some years later, Carlton recorded a demo tape (which featured several tracks, including "Interlude") and sent it to various producers and labels in the hopes that one would sign her. Some expressed interest, but Carlton did not agree with their suggestions for alternative titles for the song. One of the tapes found its way to Ron Fair, head of A&M Records, who recalled that "It was extraordinary, but also in some respects kind of screwed up as a record. It didn't press the emotional buttons the way I envisioned it." Carlton met with Fair for a piano session to alter the arrangement of the song, "so the heartbeat came in a different way", Fair said.


title: A Thousand Miles

text: During the session, more transitions were inserted into the song, and the timing of the repetition of the chorus was changed. Additionally, the instrumental opening was shortened and an orchestra section was added by Fair; the lyrics, however, remained the same. He explained: "It has a lot of starts and stops to it, which makes it hard to achieve a flow, but I wanted to make a really dramatic record. The song is like a mini musical of its own." "A Thousand Miles" took 14 sessions to record, and was the first song recorded for "Be Not Nobody". As well as conducting the orchestra, Fair also organized a small band for its recording: John Goux played guitar on the track, Leland Sklar played bass guitar, and Abe Laboriel, Jr. played drums. Carlton later said, "after listening to it I realized I was going to make an album that I was very proud of."


title: A Thousand Miles

text: The selection of the song's title was accompanied by a minor disagreement between Carlton and Fair, who was reportedly "adamant" about changing it. Fair said, "Vanessa Carlton is an incredible talent, but she's also very stubborn... I had to say, 'Look, I'm the president of the label, we're not calling it "Interlude". ' When you're trying to launch a career, people need a handle to pick things up from, and the word 'Interlude' is never in the song". In its finished form, the song was first heard during a scene in the Reese Witherspoon film "Legally Blonde" (2001), and was featured on the film's soundtrack under the title "A Thousand Miles (Interlude)". The final title of the song, "A Thousand Miles", was based on a suggestion by Fair's nephew. After the song's completion, Fair said that he listened to it repeatedly and "it made me weep. That's usually my litmus test. If I cry, I know it's a hit".


title: A Thousand Miles

text: Despite this, he was concerned that the song's piano basis would put it at a disadvantage in the marketplace if it were to be released as a single. Fair played "A Thousand Miles" in front of his superior Jimmy Iovine, the co-chairman of Interscope-Geffen-A&M. Iovine was very impressed with the song, and requested that a music video be filmed immediately for it. After the video had been completed it was presented to Tom Calderone, the Vice President of Programming for MTV, in early 2002. Calderone expressed a desire to begin broadcasting the video at once and Fair agreed to his request, even though the album was still in production at the time and Carlton's marketing "image" had not yet been developed.


title: A Thousand Miles

text: In the United States, "A Thousand Miles" debuted on the "Billboard" Hot 100 later that month; it peaked at number five for three weeks in May and remained on the chart for 41 weeks. The album "Be Not Nobody" was released on April 30 and, partly because of the popularity of "A Thousand Miles", debuted in the U.S. top five with first-week sales of over 101,000 copies. It was 2002's sixth most-played single on U.S. radio (ranking sixth on the Hot 100 2002 year-end chart), and sold well in other countries (where it was promoted and released over the summer months). It was a top-five hit in Ireland and France, and managed to reach the top ten in other parts of Europe such as the United Kingdom, Italy, and the Netherlands. It was most popular in Australia, where it became the sixth most successful single of the year and held the number-one position on the ARIA Singles Chart for two weeks, from August 11 to 24. It replaced a Junkie XL remix of "A Little Less Conversation" by Elvis Presley, and was itself replaced by Avril Lavigne's "Complicated". It also reached the top 20 in Germany. E! Online said the song was "a bona fide hit for good reason. Catchy pop on the surface, it has melodic complexity beneath that bodes well for repeated listening". It failed to chart in Japan.


title: A Thousand Miles

text: Carlton told the website Contactmusic.com of the first time she watched the single's music video, in which she is seen playing the piano while traveling through a variety of settings:


title: A Thousand Miles

text: It received heavy airplay on the channel following its premiere on the top-ten video program "Total Request Live" on January 4, 2002, and was popular enough to be retired from the show's countdown. There was speculation that bluescreen techniques had been utilized during its creation, but according to Carlton it was "100 percent real"; she also said she felt that Marc Klasfeld (the video's director) "captured who I was in that video", and he was selected to direct the video for the album's follow-up single, "Ordinary Day".


title: A Thousand Miles

text: Both the album and single were given substantial promotion on the Internet. AOL Music reported that a 20-minute selection of video content involving Carlton that the website had hosted, including the "A Thousand Miles" video and Carlton's performance of the song for Sessions@AOL, drew over one million requested downloads and streams prior to the release of "Be Not Nobody". The Sessions recording of "A Thousand Miles" was later included on the album "Sessions @ AOL", released in October 2003.


title: A Thousand Miles

text: The song was highly acclaimed by music critics. "Billboard" magazine opined, "it's the song's classical-tied piano hook that endures with urgency throughout the song that lends it spectacular charm, along with the artist's vulnerable vocal style... A truly auspicious opening." Most other critics gave "Be Not Nobody" mixed reviews, but generally praised the song. AllMusic wrote: "as it moves from its solo orchestral-backed choruses, the result isn't overwhelming, it's sweet, multi-layered, and appealing". Sean Richardson of the "Boston Phoenix" made favourable comparisons between "A Thousand Miles" and Michelle Branch's debut single "Everywhere", saying, "it's a good-natured reverie, with none of the troubled soul searching that characterizes the work of Tori and Fiona. She occasionally evokes her piano-playing predecessors by raising her girlish voice to a howl, but she's better off being herself". Adrien Begrand of "PopMatters" magazine said the song was "catchy and hard to dislike", but characterized it as "the sort of girly-voiced, introspective pop that is made to please people who are looking for singer/songwriters who look and sound profound, but actually have nothing to say".


title: A Thousand Miles

text: "A Thousand Miles" continued to receive regular rotation on Adult Contemporary and Adult Top 40 radio stations two years after its original release, and "Billboard" magazine has named it "one of the most enduring songs of the millennium". Carlton has said that rappers such as Fabolous and Ja Rule "really like this song."


title: A Thousand Miles

text: In the film "White Chicks" (2004) a group of girls refer to the song as their "jam" when it's played on the radio. It's played again two more times in the film: when Terry Crews' character sings this song to Marlon Wayans' character, and when Terry Crews' character sings it to the Wilson twins. Terry Crews' character in the film sings along with it and shakes his head hard when he hears the orchestrated hook. The song is also prominently featured in the Season 3 finale titled "Flashback in the Day" of the television sitcom "Workaholics".


title: A Thousand Miles

text: Directed by Marc Klasfeld, the music video was filmed in Newbury Park, California, and in portions of Downtown Los Angeles. There was no use of green screen or visual effects, only a custom built dolly for the piano and a safety belt on Carlton. It begins with Carlton entering her garage and uncovering her piano. When she starts playing and the song begins, the piano starts to move through the neighborhood outside. While playing, she passes by bikers and footracers on the road, near a parade downtown, along the beach, and across other parts of the city, gradually taking place until the sun sets. In the end, she and the piano finally return to her garage, where she gets up and reenters the house.


title: A Thousand Miles

text: "A Thousand Miles" won in the Can't Get You Out of My Head category at the VH1 Big in 2002 Awards, and it was nominated for three Grammy Awards: Record of the Year, Song of the Year and Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s). It lost Song of the Year and Record of the Year to Norah Jones' "Don't Know Why", while the Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s) award went to "Mean Old Man", performed by James Taylor. The song became popular amongst U.S. troops serving in Iraq, and in April 2003 the "Chicago Sun-Times" reported that it had become the most requested song on the radio station British Forces Broadcasting Service Middle East. Carlton responded, "Perhaps, 'A Thousand Miles' conveys the feelings and longing and desperation that the U.S. soldiers feel for their loved ones. I don't know. But whatever peace I am able to bring to the hearts of the people at war is a contribution that I am proud of". By May 2003 the website Musicnotes had sold a record 10,000 pieces of digital sheet music for "A Thousand Miles", and it won the website's "Song of the Year" award. The song's production team was nominated for a 2003 Technical Excellence & Creativity Award in the category of Outstanding Creative Achievement in Record Production — Single or Track.


title: A Thousand Miles

text: First appearing as a sample in the original soundtrack of the 2001 film "Legally Blonde", the song is Carlton's most successful single, and her only top twenty hit in the U.S.; her next highest peaking single, "Ordinary Day", went no higher than number thirty on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Carlton told VH1 in 2004, "I just sit down and write my songs ... It just kind of happened and it will never happen again like that." A writer for the "Boston Phoenix" said that with the song, Carlton "won favor with smart but awkward teenage girls who didn't see themselves in more evidently constructed teen-pop personalities like Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera", and "Slant" magazine said it "helped pave the way for an industry beginning to take a turn away from bubblegum pop". "A Thousand Miles" has been covered by numerous artists, including Christian Lee Hutson, Icarus the Owl, Victoria Justice, David Archuleta, Ronan Parke, the "Glee" cast, and Terry Crews.


title: Shivani Narayanan

text: Shivani Narayanan is an Indian film and television actress who predominantly works in the Tamil films and television industry. In 2020, she was a contestant on the reality series "Bigg Boss 4 Tamil".


title: Shivani Narayanan

text: Shivani Narayanan made her television debut in 2016 Vijay TV's"Pagal Nilavu" as Sneha.Initially she was cast in a supporting role but later her character was changed to a lead role after her character was well praised among audiences. Then she was appeared as a guest in "Saravanan Meenatchi 3" in which she played the role of Gayathri with negative shades. She next appeared on "Jodi Fun Unlimited" as a contestant and became a finalist. She appeared in "Kadaikutty Singam" with the her co-star from "Pagal Nilavu". She left that serial and started a new serial in "Rettai Roja" in a dual role as Anu and Abi, but was replaced by Chandini Tamilarasan. She then concentrated her focus on Instagram where she attained a fabulous fan following.In 2020, she had participated in the Indian reality show "Bigg Boss 4 Tamil". Following her popularity she was cast opposite Vijay Sethupathi in the LCU'sVikram starring Kamal Haasan.Next she signed for supporting roles in RJ Balaji's Veetla Vishesham movie and Vadivelu comeback movie Naai Sekar Returns.She is set to make her debut in lead role through the film VJS46 and later it named as DSP.


title: Benson (TV series)

text: Benson is an American sitcom television series that originally aired on ABC from September 13, 1979, to April 19, 1986. The show stars Robert Guillaume in the title role of Benson DuBois, the head of the household for Governor Eugene X. Gatling, played by James Noble. The show focused on the conflicts and relationships within the Governor's household, with Benson generally providing the sarcastic voice of reason. Inga Swenson, Missy Gold, Didi Conn, Ethan Phillips, and René Auberjonois all played long-term supporting roles.


title: Benson (TV series)

text: The series was a spin-off of "Soap" in which the character Benson first appeared as the wise-cracking yet level-headed African-American butler for the highly dysfunctional Tate family. However, "Benson" avoided the soap opera format of its parent series for a more conventional sitcom structure, and the lead character eventually moved from his service position to a role as lieutenant governor. The series was created by Susan Harris, and produced by Witt/Thomas/Harris Productions. In 1985, Guillaume won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series for his role in the series.


title: Benson (TV series)

text: Benson DuBois (Robert Guillaume) is hired to be the head of household affairs for widowed Governor Eugene X. Gatling (James Noble) and his daughter Katie (Missy Gold). Governor Gatling was a cousin of Jessica Tate (Katherine Helmond) from "Soap".


title: Benson (TV series)

text: Benson faces housekeeping dilemmas and interacts with German cook Gretchen Wilomena Kraus (Inga Swenson) and John Taylor (David Hedison; later Lewis J. Stadlen) who assists Governor Gatling as chief of staff. After Season 1, character Taylor's job is filled by Clayton Endicott III (René Auberjonois).


title: Benson (TV series)

text: The governor's press secretary Pete Downey (Ethan Phillips) is introduced in Season 2, and Benson's secretary Denise Stevens (Didi Conn) is introduced in Season 3. They later marry, having a child in the show's fifth season. Both were then written out, with the reason given that Denise secured a job with NASA.


title: Benson (TV series)

text: Benson works his way up the ladder during the series, going from head of household affairs to state budget director and eventually is elevated to the position of Lieutenant-Governor. Finally, Benson runs for governor against Gatling.


title: Benson (TV series)

text: The term-limited Governor Gatling runs for re-election as an independent candidate with Benson securing the party nomination, setting the stage for the two to go head-to-head in the general election.


title: Benson (TV series)

text: At the end of the series' final episode, Benson and Gatling—who had strained relations due to the race—make peace with each other and watch the tight election returns together on television. As the broadcaster begins to announce that a winner is at last being projected, the episode ends on a freeze frame of Benson and Gatling, leaving the series with an unresolved cliffhanger. Coincidentally, Guillaume's previous series ("Soap", from which "Benson" spun off) was also canceled with unresolved cliffhangers.


title: Benson (TV series)

text: In 2007, "Benson" showrunner Bob Fraser said that the season ended on a cliffhanger at the request of the network. The show was cancelled after the cliffhanger had already aired. Fraser indicated that, if the show had been renewed for another season, Gatling would have won the election and Benson would have become a United States senator.


title: Benson (TV series)

text: According to Gary Brown who directed the finale and 20 other episodes of "Benson", three different outcomes were filmed; with Benson winning, Gatling winning, and a tie. The intent was to decide over summer break which outcome to use. Brown also stated that regardless of the outcome, the long-term intent for the next season was for Benson to become the governor.


title: Benson (TV series)

text: On August 27, 2013, Mill Creek Entertainment announced it had acquired the rights to various television series from the Sony Pictures library including "Benson". They re-released the first and second seasons on DVD on September 2, 2014.


title: Benson (TV series)

text: The exterior shots of the "governor's mansion" are actually of a private home located at 1365 South Oakland Avenue in Pasadena, California.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: OpenOffice.org (OOo), commonly known as OpenOffice, is a discontinued open-source office suite. Active successor projects include LibreOffice (the most actively developed), Apache OpenOffice, Collabora Online (enterprise ready LibreOffice) and NeoOffice (commercial, and available only for macOS).


title: OpenOffice.org

text: OpenOffice was an open-sourced version of the earlier StarOffice, which Sun Microsystems acquired in 1999 for internal use. Sun open-sourced the OpenOffice suite in July 2000 as a competitor to Microsoft Office, releasing version 1.0 on 1 May 2002.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: OpenOffice included a word processor (Writer), a spreadsheet (Calc), a presentation application (Impress), a drawing application (Draw), a formula editor (Math), and a database management application (Base). Its default file format was the OpenDocument Format (ODF), an ISO/IEC standard, which originated with OpenOffice.org. It could also read a wide variety of other file formats, with particular attention to those from Microsoft Office. OpenOffice.org was primarily developed for Linux, Microsoft Windows and Solaris, and later for OS X, with ports to other operating systems. It was distributed under the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3 (LGPL); early versions were also available under the Sun Industry Standards Source License (SISSL).


title: OpenOffice.org

text: In 2011, Oracle Corporation, the then-owner of Sun, announced that it would no longer offer a commercial version of the suite and donated the project to the Apache Foundation. Apache renamed the software Apache OpenOffice.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: OpenOffice.org originated as StarOffice, a proprietary office suite developed by German company Star Division from 1985 on. In August 1999, Star Division was acquired by Sun Microsystems for US$59.5 million, as it was supposedly cheaper than licensing Microsoft Office for 42,000 staff.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: On 19 July 2000 at OSCON, Sun Microsystems announced it would make the source code of StarOffice available for download with the intention of building an open-source development community around the software and of providing a free and open alternative to Microsoft Office. The new project was known as OpenOffice.org, and the code was released as open source on 13 October 2000. The first public preview release was Milestone Build 638c, released in October 2001 (which quickly achieved 1 million downloads); the final release of OpenOffice.org 1.0 was on 1 May 2002.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: OpenOffice.org became the standard office suite on many Linux distros and spawned many derivative versions. It quickly became noteworthy competition to Microsoft Office, achieving 14% penetration in the large enterprise market by 2004.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: The OpenOffice.org XML file format – XML in a ZIP archive, easily machine-processable – was intended by Sun to become a standard interchange format for office documents, to replace the different binary formats for each application that had been usual until then. Sun submitted the format to the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) in 2002 and it was adapted to form the OpenDocument standard in 2005, which was ratified as ISO 26300 in 2006. It was made OpenOffice.org's native format from version 2 on. Many governments and other organisations adopted OpenDocument, particularly given there was a free implementation of it readily available.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: Development of OpenOffice.org was sponsored primarily by Sun Microsystems, which used the code as the basis for subsequent versions of StarOffice. Developers who wished to contribute code were required to sign a Contributor Agreement granting joint ownership of any contributions to Sun (and then Oracle), in support of the StarOffice business model. This was controversial for many years. An alternative Public Documentation Licence (PDL) was also offered for documentation not intended for inclusion or integration into the project code base.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: After acquiring Sun in January 2010, Oracle Corporation continued developing OpenOffice.org and StarOffice, which it renamed Oracle Open Office, though with a reduction in assigned developers. Oracle's lack of activity on or visible commitment to OpenOffice.org had also been noted by industry observers. In September 2010, the majority of outside OpenOffice.org developers left the project, due to concerns over Sun and then Oracle's management of the project and Oracle's handling of its open source portfolio in general, to form The Document Foundation (TDF). TDF released the fork LibreOffice in January 2011, which most Linux distributions soon moved to. In April 2011, Oracle stopped development of OpenOffice.org and fired the remaining Star Division development team. Its reasons for doing so were not disclosed; some speculate that it was due to the loss of mindshare with much of the community moving to LibreOffice while others suggest it was a commercial decision.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: In June 2011, Oracle contributed the trademarks to the Apache Software Foundation. It also contributed Oracle-owned code to Apache for relicensing under the Apache License, at the suggestion of IBM (to whom Oracle had contractual obligations concerning the code), as IBM did not want the code put under a copyleft license. This code drop formed the basis for the Apache OpenOffice project.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: During Sun's sponsorship, the OpenOffice.org project was governed by the "Community Council", comprising OpenOffice.org community members. The Community Council suggested project goals and coordinated with producers of derivatives on long-term development planning issues.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: Both Sun and Oracle are claimed to have made decisions without consulting the Council or in contravention to the council's recommendations, leading to the majority of outside developers leaving for LibreOffice. Oracle demanded in October 2010 that all Council members involved with the Document Foundation step down, leaving the Community Council composed only of Oracle employees.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: The project and software were informally referred to as "OpenOffice" since the Sun release, but since this term is a trademark held by Open Office Automatisering in Benelux since 1999, "OpenOffice.org" was its formal name.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: Due to a similar trademark issue (a Rio de Janeiro company that owned that trademark in Brazil), the Brazilian Portuguese version of the suite was distributed under the name BrOffice.org from 2004, with BrOffice.Org being the name of the associated local nonprofit from 2006. (BrOffice.org moved to LibreOffice in December 2010.)


title: OpenOffice.org

text: The suite contained no personal information manager, email client or calendar application analogous to Microsoft Outlook, despite one having been present in StarOffice 5.2. Such functionality was frequently requested. The OpenOffice.org Groupware project, intended to replace Outlook and Microsoft Exchange Server, spun off in 2003 as OpenGroupware.org, which is now SOGo. The project considered bundling Mozilla Thunderbird and Mozilla Lightning for OpenOffice.org 3.0.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: The last version, 3.4 Beta 1, was available for IA-32 versions of Windows 2000 Service Pack 2 or later, Linux (IA-32 and x64), Solaris and OS X 10.4 or later, and the SPARC version of Solaris.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: OpenOffice.org included OpenSymbol, DejaVu, the Liberation fonts (from 2.4) and the Gentium fonts (from 3.2). Versions up to 2.3 included the Bitstream Vera fonts. OpenOffice.org also used the default fonts of the running operating system.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: "Fontwork" is a feature that allows users to create stylized text with special effects differing from ordinary text with the added features of gradient colour fills, shaping, letter height, and character spacing. It is similar to WordArt used by Microsoft Word. When OpenOffice.org saved documents in Microsoft Office file format, all Fontwork was converted into WordArt.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: From version 2.0.4, OpenOffice.org supported third-party extensions. As of April 2011, the OpenOffice Extension Repository listed more than 650 extensions. Another list was maintained by the Free Software Foundation.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: OpenOffice.org included OpenOffice Basic, a programming language similar to Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). OpenOffice Basic was available in Writer, Calc and Base. OpenOffice.org also had some Microsoft VBA macro support.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: OpenOffice.org could interact with databases (local or remote) using ODBC (Open Database Connectivity), JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) or SDBC (StarOffice Database Connectivity).


title: OpenOffice.org

text: From Version 2.0 onward, OpenOffice.org used ISO/IEC 26300:2006 OpenDocument as its native format. Versions 2.0–2.3.0 default to the ODF 1.0 file format; versions 2.3.1–2.4.3 default to ODF 1.1; versions 3.0 onward default to ODF 1.2.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: OpenOffice.org 1 used OpenOffice.org XML as its native format. This was contributed to OASIS and OpenDocument was developed from it.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: The OpenOffice.org API was based on a component technology known as Universal Network Objects (UNO). It consisted of a wide range of interfaces defined in a CORBA-like interface description language.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: OpenOffice.org 1.0 was criticized for not having the look and feel of applications developed natively for the platforms on which it runs. Starting with version 2.0, OpenOffice.org used native widget toolkit, icons, and font-rendering libraries on GNOME, KDE and Windows.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: The issue had been particularly pronounced on Mac OS X. Early versions of OpenOffice.org required the installation of X11.app or XDarwin (though the NeoOffice port supplied a native interface). Versions since 3.0 ran natively using Apple's Aqua GUI.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: Although originally written in C++, OpenOffice.org became increasingly reliant on the Java Runtime Environment, even including a bundled JVM. OpenOffice.org was criticized by the Free Software Foundation for its increasing dependency on Java, which was not free software.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: The issue came to the fore in May 2005, when Richard Stallman appeared to call for a fork of the application in a posting on the Free Software Foundation website. OpenOffice.org adopted a development guideline that future versions of OpenOffice.org would run on free implementations of Java and fixed the issues which previously prevented OpenOffice.org 2.0 from using free-software Java implementations.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: On 13 November 2006, Sun committed to releasing Java under the GNU General Public License and had released a free software Java, OpenJDK, by May 2007.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: In 2006, Lt. Col. Eric Filiol of the Laboratoire de Virologie et de Cryptologie de l'ESAT demonstrated security weaknesses, in particular within macros. In 2006, Kaspersky Lab demonstrated a proof of concept virus, "Stardust", for OpenOffice.org. This showed OpenOffice.org viruses are possible, but there is no known virus "in the wild".


title: OpenOffice.org

text: As of October 2011, Secunia reported no known unpatched security flaws for the software. A vulnerability in the inherited OpenOffice.org codebase was found and fixed in LibreOffice in October 2011 and Apache OpenOffice in May 2012.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: The preview, Milestone 638c, was released October 2001. OpenOffice.org 1.0 was released under both the LGPL and the SISSL for Windows, Linux and Solaris on 1 May 2002. The version for Mac OS X (with X11 interface) was released on 23 June 2003.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: OpenOffice.org 1.1 introduced One-click Export to PDF, Export presentations to Flash (.SWF) and macro recording. It also allowed third-party addons.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: OpenOffice.org was used in 2005 by "The Guardian" to illustrate what it saw as the limitations of open-source software.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: Work on version 2.0 began in early 2003 with the following goals (the "Q Product Concept"): better interoperability with Microsoft Office; improved speed and lower memory usage; greater scripting capabilities; better integration, particularly with GNOME; a more usable database; digital signatures; and improved usability. It would also be the first version to default to OpenDocument. Sun released the first beta version on 4 March 2005.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: On 2 September 2005, Sun announced that it was retiring SISSL to reduce license proliferation, though some press analysts felt it was so that IBM could not reuse OpenOffice.org code without contributing back. Versions after 2.0 beta 2 would use only the LGPL.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: On 20 October 2005, OpenOffice.org 2.0 was released. 2.0.1 was released eight weeks later, fixing minor bugs and introducing new features. As of the 2.0.3 release, OpenOffice.org changed its release cycle from 18 months to releasing updates every three months.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: The OpenOffice.org 2 series attracted considerable press attention. A "PC Pro" review awarded it 6 stars out of 6 and stated: "Our pick of the low-cost office suites has had a much-needed overhaul, and now battles Microsoft in terms of features, not just price." "Federal Computer Week" listed OpenOffice.org as one of the "5 stars of open-source products", noting in particular the importance of OpenDocument. "Computerworld" reported that for large government departments, migration to OpenOffice.org 2.0 cost one tenth of the price of upgrading to Microsoft Office 2007.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: On 13 October 2008, version 3.0 was released, featuring the ability to import (though not export) Office Open XML documents, support for ODF 1.2, improved VBA macros, and a native interface port for OS X. It also introduced the new Start Center and upgraded to LGPL version 3 as its license.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: Version 3.2 included support for PostScript-based OpenType fonts. It warned users when ODF 1.2 Extended features had been used. An improvement to the document integrity check determined if an ODF document conformed to the ODF specification and offered a repair if necessary. Calc and Writer both reduced "cold start" time by 46% compared to version 3.0. 3.2.1 was the first Oracle release.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: Version 3.3, the last Oracle version, was released in January 2011. New features include an updated print form, a FindBar and interface improvements for Impress. The commercial version, Oracle Open Office 3.3 (StarOffice renamed), based on the beta, was released on 15 December 2010, as was the single release of Oracle Cloud Office (a proprietary product from an unrelated codebase).


title: OpenOffice.org

text: A beta version of OpenOffice.org 3.4 was released on 12 April 2011, including new SVG import, improved ODF 1.2 support, and spreadsheet functionality.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: Before the final version of OpenOffice.org 3.4 could be released, Oracle cancelled its sponsorship of development and fired the remaining Star Division development team.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: Problems arise in estimating the market share of OpenOffice.org because it could be freely distributed via download sites (including mirror sites), peer-to-peer networks, CDs, Linux distributions and so forth. The project tried to capture key adoption data in a market-share analysis, listing known distribution totals, known deployments and conversions and analyst statements and surveys.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: According to Valve, as of July 2010, 14.63% of Steam users had OpenOffice.org installed on their machines.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: A market-share analysis conducted by a web analytics service in 2010, based on over 200,000 Internet users, showed a wide range of adoption in different countries: 0.2% in China, 9% in the US and the UK and over 20% in Poland, the Czech Republic, and Germany.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: Although Microsoft Office retained 95% of the general market — as measured by revenue — as of August 2007, OpenOffice.org and StarOffice had secured 15–20% of the business market as of 2004 and a 2010 University of Colorado at Boulder study reported that OpenOffice.org had reached a point where it had an "irreversible" installed user base and that it would continue to grow.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: The project claimed more than 98 million downloads as of September 2007 and 300 million total to the release of version 3.2 in February 2010. The project claimed over one hundred million downloads for the OpenOffice.org 3 series within a year of release.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: Large-scale users of OpenOffice.org included Singapore's Ministry of Defence, and Banco do Brasil. OpenOffice.org was the official office suite for the French Gendarmerie.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: In India, several government organizations such as ESIC, IIT Bombay, National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development, the Supreme Court of India, ICICI Bank, and the Allahabad High Court, which use Linux, completely relied on OpenOffice.org for their administration.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: In Japan, conversions from Microsoft Office to OpenOffice.org included many municipal offices: Sumoto, Hyōgo in 2004, Ninomiya, Tochigi in 2006, Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima in 2008 (and to LibreOffice as of 2012), Shikokuchūō, Ehime in 2009, Minoh, Osaka in 2009 Toyokawa, Aichi, Fukagawa, Hokkaido and Katano, Osaka in 2010 and Ryūgasaki, Ibaraki in 2011. Corporate conversions included Assist in 2007 (and to LibreOffice on Ubuntu in 2011), Sumitomo Electric Industries in 2008 (and to LibreOffice in 2012), Toho Co., Ltd. in 2009 and Shinsei Financial Co., Ltd. in 2010. Assist also provided support services for OpenOffice.org.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: In July 2007, Everex, a division of First International Computer and the 9th-largest PC supplier in the U.S., began shipping systems preloaded with OpenOffice.org 2.2 into Wal-Mart, K-mart and Sam's Club outlets in North America.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: A number of open source and proprietary products derive at least some code from OpenOffice.org, including AndrOpen Office, Apache OpenOffice, ChinaOffice, Co-Create Office, EuroOffice 2005, Go-oo, KaiOffice, IBM Lotus Symphony, IBM Workplace, Jambo OpenOffice (the first office suite in Swahili), LibreOffice, MagyarOffice, MultiMedia Office, MYOffice 2007, NeoOffice, NextOffice, OfficeOne, OfficeTLE, OOo4Kids, OpenOfficePL, OpenOffice.org Portable, OpenOfficeT7, OpenOffice.ux.pl, OxOffice, OxygenOffice Professional, Pladao Office, PlusOffice Mac, RedOffice, RomanianOffice, StarOffice/Oracle Open Office, SunShine Office, ThizOffice, UP Office, White Label Office, WPS Office Storm (the 2004 edition of Kingsoft Office) and 602Office.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: The OpenOffice.org website also listed a large variety of complementary products, including groupware systems.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: In June 2011, Oracle contributed the OpenOffice.org code and trademarks to the Apache Software Foundation. The developer pool for the Apache project was proposed to be seeded by IBM employees, Linux distribution companies and public sector agencies. IBM employees did the majority of the development, including hiring ex-Star Division developers. The Apache project removed or replaced as much code as possible from OpenOffice.org 3.4 beta 1, including fonts, under licenses unacceptable to Apache and released 3.4.0 in May 2012.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: The codebase for IBM's Lotus Symphony was donated to the Apache Software Foundation in 2012 and merged for Apache OpenOffice 4.0, and Symphony was deprecated in favour of Apache OpenOffice.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: While the project considers itself the unbroken continuation of OpenOffice.org, others regard it as a fork, or at the least a separate project.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: In October 2014, Bruce Byfield, writing for Linux Magazine, said the project had "all but stalled [possibly] due to IBM's withdrawal from the project." , the project has no release manager, and itself reports a lack of volunteer involvement and code contributions. After ongoing problems with unfixed security vulnerabilities from 2015 onward, in September 2016 the project started discussions on possibly retiring AOO.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: Collabora Online has LibreOffice at its core and can be integrated into any web application. It enables collaborative real-time editing with applications for word processing documents, spreadsheets, presentations, drawing and vector graphics. It is developed by Collabora Productivity, a division of Collabora who are a commercial partner with LibreOffice's parent organisation The Document Foundation (TDF), the majority of the LibreOffice software development is done by its commercial partners, Collabora, Red Hat, CIB, and Allotropia.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: Sun had stated in the original OpenOffice.org announcement in 2000 that the project would be run by a neutral foundation, and put forward a more detailed proposal in 2001. There were many calls to put this into effect over the ensuing years. On 28 September 2010, in frustration at years of perceived neglect of the codebase and community by Sun and then Oracle, members of the OpenOffice.org community announced a non-profit called The Document Foundation and a fork of OpenOffice.org named LibreOffice. Go-oo improvements were merged, and that project was retired in favour of LibreOffice. The goal was to produce a vendor-independent office suite with ODF support and without any copyright assignment requirements.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: Oracle was invited to become a member of the Document Foundation and was asked to donate the OpenOffice.org brand. Oracle instead demanded that all members of the OpenOffice.org Community Council involved with the Document Foundation step down, leaving the Council composed only of Oracle employees.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: Most Linux distributions promptly replaced OpenOffice.org with LibreOffice; Oracle Linux 6 also features LibreOffice rather than OpenOffice.org or Apache OpenOffice. The project rapidly accumulated developers, development effort and added features, the majority of outside OpenOffice.org developers having moved to LibreOffice. In March 2015, an LWN.net development comparison of LibreOffice with Apache OpenOffice concluded that "LibreOffice has won the battle for developer participation".


title: OpenOffice.org

text: NeoOffice, an independent commercial port for Macintosh that tracked the main line of development, offered a native OS X Aqua user interface before OpenOffice.org did. Later versions are derived from Go-oo, rather than directly from OpenOffice.org. All versions from NeoOffice 3.1.1 to NeoOffice 2015 were based on OpenOffice.org 3.1.1, though latter versions included stability fixes from LibreOffice and Apache OpenOffice. NeoOffice 2017 and later versions are fully based on LibreOffice.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: The ooo-build patch set was started at Ximian in 2002, because Sun were slow to accept outside work on OpenOffice.org, even from corporate partners, and to make the build process easier on Linux. It tracked the main line of development and was not intended to constitute a fork. Most Linux distributions used, and worked together on, ooo-build.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: Sun's contributions to OpenOffice.org had been declining for a number of years and some developers were unwilling to assign copyright in their work to Sun, particularly given the deal between Sun and IBM to license the code outside the LGPL. On 2 October 2007, Novell announced that ooo-build would be available as a software package called Go-oo, not merely a patch set. (The go-oo.org domain name had been in use by ooo-build as early as 2005.) Sun reacted negatively, with Simon Phipps of Sun terming it "a hostile and competitive fork". Many free software advocates worried that Go-oo was a Novell effort to incorporate Microsoft technologies, such as Office Open XML, that might be vulnerable to patent claims. However, the office suite branded "OpenOffice.org" in most Linux distributions, having previously been ooo-build, soon in fact became Go-oo.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: Go-oo also encouraged outside contributions, with rules similar to those later adopted for LibreOffice. When LibreOffice forked, Go-oo was deprecated in favour of that project.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: The Workplace Managed Client in IBM Workplace 2.6 (23 January 2006) incorporated code from OpenOffice.org 1.1.4, the last version under the SISSL. This code was broken out into a separate application as Lotus Symphony (30 May 2008), with a new interface based on Eclipse. Symphony 3.0 (21 October 2010) was rebased on OpenOffice.org 3.0, with the code licensed privately from Sun. IBM's changes were donated to the Apache Software Foundation in 2012, Symphony was deprecated in favour of Apache OpenOffice and its code was merged into Apache OpenOffice 4.0.


title: OpenOffice.org

text: Sun used OpenOffice.org as a base for its commercial proprietary StarOffice application software, which was OpenOffice.org with some added proprietary components. Oracle bought Sun in January 2010 and quickly renamed StarOffice to Oracle Open Office. Oracle discontinued development in April 2011.


The 2019–2023 ICC Cricket World Cup League 2 is the first edition of the ICC Cricket World Cup League 2, a cricket tournament which forms part of the 2023 Cricket World Cup Qualification process. It is currently running from August 2019 to February 2023, with all matches played as One Day Internationals (ODIs). Each set of fixtures will take part as a tri-series.


title: 2019–2023 ICC Cricket World Cup League 2

text: Scotland, Nepal and the United Arab Emirates were joined by the top four teams from the 2019 ICC World Cricket League Division Two tournament. The first round of fixtures was played in Aberdeen, Scotland in August 2019.


text: The top three teams will advance to the 2023 Cricket World Cup Qualifier tournament, while the bottom four teams will have to go into the 2022 ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier Play-off.


text: Originally, it was intended that the top ranked team in this CWC League 2 would be promoted to the next 2020–2023 ICC Cricket World Cup Super League at the expense of its 13th ranked team - if the League 2 team finished as the higher of the two in the 2023 Cricket World Cup Qualifier. The team ranked lower would then have played in the next edition of League 2. However, in November 2021 the ICC announced that there would not be a second edition of the Super League.


text: One or both of the bottom two teams in this League 2 competition will be relegated to the next Cricket World Cup Challenge League if, in the 2022 ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier Play-off, they are outperformed by a top-ranked team from the 2019–2022 ICC Cricket World Cup Challenge Leagues A or B. Whichever two of these four teams are ranked higher in that Qualifier Play-off, will play in the next League 2, while the two teams ranked lower will play in the next Challenge League.


text: The top three teams in the ICC Cricket World Cup League 2 will qualify for the World Cup Qualifier while the bottom four go to the Qualifier Play-off.


text: The International Cricket Council (ICC) confirmed the following schedule of fixtures. In December 2020, the ICC announced a revised schedule following the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. In March 2022, the ICC issued a further update for rounds nine to fifteen, with those rounds scheduled to take place from March to August 2022. Cricket Namibia also announced details of three rounds scheduled to take place in the country in September and November 2022.


text: As originally planned, each team would host three tri-series, each time joined by a different two of the other six teams. Each tri-series would comprise six matches (two between each pair of teams). Therefore, over the course of the whole tournament, each team would play each other team twice at home, twice away, and twice at a neutral venue. Some matches had to be re-scheduled for different times and venues (see below), so this original schedule did not happen fully as planned, but the teams remain on course to play a total of six fixtures against each other team.


text: Two of Oman's home matches, against Namibia and UAE, which were cancelled during Round 4, were instead scheduled to be played in Namibia during Round 8 (although they were again postponed).


text: On 13 March 2020, the sixth round of matches, scheduled to take place in Lauderhill, Florida in April 2020, were postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and travel restrictions to the United States. On 24 March 2020, the ICC also confirmed that rounds seven and eight, scheduled to take place in Namibia and Papua New Guinea respectively, had also been postponed. The ninth round of fixtures, scheduled to take place in Scotland in July 2020, were postponed on 10 June 2020. Round 10, scheduled to take place in Namibia in September 2020, was postponed on 23 July 2020.


text: In February 2021, the ICC confirmed that (newly numbered) rounds six, seven and eight of their updated schedule had also been postponed. Round six was scheduled to take place in Oman, with rounds seven and eight originally scheduled to be played in Papua New Guinea. Round 8 was rescheduled to take place in Namibia during November and December 2021. However, only two matches were played, before the remaining fixtures were postponed due to the discovery of a new variant of COVID-19 in Southern Africa.


text: In February 2022, Oman and UAE played a three-match bilateral series in Oman to make up for games that had been postponed in the earlier tri-series in Oman and Namibia.


title: LATAM Airlines Group

text: LATAM Airlines Group S.A. is an airline holding company headquartered in Santiago, Chile. It is considered the largest airline company in Latin America with subsidiaries in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay and Peru. The company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the United States on 26 May 2020, due to economic problems attributed to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation. Although LATAM Airlines' headquarters are located in Chile, the carrier is an American depositary receipt and traded on both the Santiago Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange at the time of bankruptcy. The company's stock ticker (LTMAQ) was unlisted from the NYSE and later moved to the unregulated OTC Markets Pink on 12 June 2020.


title: LATAM Airlines Group

text: Chile's LAN-Chile and Brazil's TAM Linhas Aéreas signed a non-binding agreement to merge on 13 August 2010, followed by a binding agreement on 19 January 2011 and papers to close the merger on 22 June 2012, with TAM Linhas Aéreas' shareholders agreeing to the takeover by LAN Airlines. Enrique Cueto, former CEO of LAN, became the CEO of LATAM; Mauricio Rolim Amaro, formerly vice-chairman of TAM, became LATAM chairman.


title: LATAM Airlines Group

text: The agreement to establish LATAM was approved by Chilean authorities on 21 September 2011, with 11 restrictions. These included transferring four landing slots at São Paulo-Guarulhos International Airport to competitors interested in operating flights to Santiago de Chile's Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport, renouncing membership to either the Oneworld or Star Alliance airline alliance, restricting the increase in capacity on flights between Brazil and Chile, and opening code-share possibilities and fidelity program membership to interested competitors. On 14 December 2011, Brazilian authorities approved the agreement, imposing similar restrictions as Chilean authorities: LATAM would have to choose an alliance by August 2012 and frequencies between São Paulo and Santiago de Chile would have to be reduced. At the time, TAM had two pairs of slots while LAN had four. LAN had to relinquish two pairs to competitors interested in using them. On 7 March 2013, LATAM announced its final decision to choose Oneworld as its global airline alliance. As a result, TAM left Star Alliance during the second quarter of 2014 to join Oneworld.


title: LATAM Airlines Group

text: In August 2015, it was announced that all LATAM Airlines Group airlines would fully rebrand as LATAM, with one unified livery to be applied on all aircraft by 2018. The rebranding included all aspects of the business, such as staff uniforms and airport check in facilities. The first of the aircraft were repainted (or delivered new) in the new LATAM livery in April 2016.


title: LATAM Airlines Group

text: On 26 September 2019, Delta Air Lines announced its plans to buy 20% of LATAM for $1.9 billion, to expand Delta's access to the Latin American market. Additionally, Delta undertook to pay LATAM's exit fee from Oneworld and to take delivery of all Airbus A350 XWB aircraft that LATAM had on order. On 1 January 2020, it was reported that Delta Air Lines' acquisition of the 20% stake in LATAM group was completed. Group CEO Enrique Cueto stepped down on 31 March 2020, and was succeeded by Roberto Alvo, the group's then-current Chief Commercial Officer. On 31 January 2020, LATAM announced that it would leave Oneworld three months later on 1 May.