title: Lando Calrissian

text: Lando Calrissian and the Mindharp of Sharu is the first novel in Smith's "Lando Calrissian" trilogy, published by Del Rey on 1 July 1983. It is noted as being more of a psychedelic fantasy novel than hard science fiction.


title: Lando Calrissian

text: The book begins shortly after Lando wins the "Millennium Falcon" in a game of sabacc, as well as a robot which must be picked up in the Rafa system. Upon the planet of Rafa IV, convicts are made to harvest mind-draining


title: Lando Calrissian

text: "life-crystals" which prolong the life of elite citizens. Lando is arrested and brought before the colony's corrupt governor and the sorcerer Rokur Gepta, who will let him keep his life and liberty if he can locate the legendary Mindharp of the ancient and long-lost Sharu civilization. The Mindharp is revealed to be kept inside a multidimensional pyramid with mind-altering properties, which provides a strange adventure for the daring Lando.


title: Lando Calrissian

text: Lando Calrissian and the Flamewind of Oseon is the second novel in the trilogy, published on 1 October 1983. After selling a load of life-crystals, and accompanied by his droid Vuffi Raa, Lando attempts a career as an honest freighter captain. After some bad luck, he is soon nostalgic for his old trade. Fortunately, he is invited to a sabacc game on Oseon celebrating an event called Flamewind, but is followed by Rokur Gepta. After an explosion rocks the hull of the "Falcon", they safely land. During the sabacc game, Lando is distracted by the apparent sabotage of his ship, and is assaulted. He comes under trial for having a weapon, illegal on the planet. He is offered a smuggling deal as an alternative to execution.


title: Lando Calrissian

text: Lando Calrissian and the Starcave of ThonBoka is the third novel, published on 1 December 1983. Nearly a year after Lando and Vuffi Raa have left the Oseon system, while traveling in deep space they encounter Lehesu, a vacuum-breathing creature. Able to establish communication, they find out he is also on an adventure away from his home, the ThonBoka nebula. A month later, Lando and Raa receive word that ThonBoka is under attack from the Imperial Centrality Navy. Lehesu's exploration of the Centrality apparently provoked the attack on his species. Lando and Raa rush to assist their friend.


title: Lando Calrissian

text: The Imperial blockade makes Lando nervous, but he cons his way through the fleet. When the "Millennium Falcon" strays from its course and is ordered to return, they dump explosives and go into hyperspace to fake the "Falcon"'s destruction. Meanwhile, Rokur Gepta forms an alliance with a confederate squadron. Lando and Raa reunite with Lehesu, and hear of a negotiation attempt which only results in an outbreak of battle. The vacuum-breathing creatures use their projection and hyperspace abilities to fool the Imperial Navy, which fires on its allied ships. As Vuffi Raa pilots the "Falcon", Lando engages the enemy in battle from the quad-gun in one of their last adventures before Raa is resummoned to his original programming.


title: Lando Calrissian

text: In "", Calrissian is an unlockable playable character, having the characteristic of being able to kiss Leia's hand if she is nearby. Lando is also a playable character in the multiplayer aspect of the 2017 game "Star Wars: Battlefront II".


title: Lando Calrissian

text: During development of the character, the original teaser trailer for "The Empire Strikes Back" introduced him as Landau Calrissian rather than his final name of Lando.


title: Lando Calrissian

text: Actor Yaphet Kotto was an early choice for the role of Lando Calrissian, but chose to appear in the prison drama "Brubaker" instead. In writing "The Empire Strikes Back", Lucas initially considered that Lando Calrissian was a clone from a planet of clones which caused the Clone Wars mentioned in the original "Star Wars" film.


title: Lando Calrissian

text: Lando's cane in "The Rise of Skywalker" was designed to resemble Cloud City. It is inscribed "Baron Lando Calrissian".


title: Lando Calrissian

text: In 2019, Billy Dee Williams discussed that he built the character around the two features he found interesting; the cape, and the Armenian name "Calrissian".


title: Lando Calrissian

text: In 2018, "The Verge" noted that despite Han Solo's first name being written as "Han" and franchise creator George Lucas also pronouncing the name as "Han" () off-screen, within the films most characters, including Luke Skywalker, pronounce it as "Hahn" (). "The Verge" also noted how Billy Dee Williams' Lando seems to be the only character to pronounce it as "Han" like Lucas, and that when, in "The Empire Strikes Back", Lando is choked by Chewbacca for betraying Han, Lando causes most other characters to shift to "Han". In "Solo: A Star Wars Story", Glover decided to deliberately use "Han" instead of "Hahn" in order to honor the character's trait.


title: Lando Calrissian

text: Ahead of the release of "Solo: A Star Wars Story", co-writer Jonathan Kasdan suggested that Lando is pansexual and stated, "There's a fluidity to Donald and Billy Dee's [portrayal of Lando's] sexuality ... I would have loved to have gotten a more explicitly LGBT character into this movie. I think it's time, certainly, for that, and I love the fluidity ― sort of the spectrum of sexuality that Donald appeals to and that droids are a part of. He doesn't make any hard and fast rules." When asked about a scene where L3-37 jokes about Lando's being flirtatious towards Han, writer Lawrence Kasdan said, "That is her personality. Maybe it means something, maybe it doesn't." When asked about Lando's pansexuality, Donald Glover stated, "How can you not be pansexual in space? There's so many things to have sex with." An upcoming Marvel pride-themed series of comic covers is slated to feature Lando, apparently canonizing the character's LGBT status.


title: Lando Calrissian

text: Author Adilufu Nama wrote in 2008 that Lando "offered a new benchmark in the status of black representation in science fiction cinema". According to Alyssa Rosenberg of "The Washington Post", Lando is a "fascinating and fraught part of the "Star Wars" legacy and the conversation around race in science fiction". She added that "Lando's the only character in "Star Wars" with a truly comfortable sense of style." On his portrayal, she wrote, "One of Williams's accomplishments in "Empire" and "Return of the Jedi" is how much he [feels] like an old-fashioned movie star in a futuristic setting without making the performance seem incongruous."


title: Lando Calrissian

text: Lando Calrissian was chosen as the 11th best "Star Wars" character by IGN and the 12th best "Star Wars" hero by IGN's Jesse Schedeen, who also said that he was one of the characters he would most like to see in "".


title: Lando Calrissian

text: In 2015, Billy Dee Williams publicly admitted that he received backlash from children who were angered by Lando's betrayal of Han Solo in "The Empire Strikes Back". Williams felt that the situation would have been different if Lando had been played by a white actor. Williams wrote that "Lando is not black or white, he's just Lando. Above and beyond the arguments or discussions of bygone eras, he is of the future." He further stated,


title: Lando Calrissian

text: Writing for "The Verge", Megan Farokhmanesh criticized Jonathan Kasdan's assertion that Lando is pansexual as "a piss-poor shot at representation", and argued that Kasdan was conflating pansexuality with promiscuity. Farokhmanesh compared the assertion to J. K. Rowling's statement that her character Albus Dumbledore is gay, despite no "Harry Potter" media depicting this. In 2019, Billy Dee Williams criticized the decision as well, blaming "Solo"'s underperformance at the box office on its focus on this "topical" issue.


title: Mahua Moitra

text: Mahua Moitra (born 12 October 1974) is an Indian politician and a Member of parliament in the 17th Lok Sabha from Krishnanagar, West Bengal. She contested and won the seat in the 2019 Indian general election as an All India Trinamool Congress (AITC) party candidate.


title: Mahua Moitra

text: Moitra served as a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly representing Karimpur from 2016 to 2019, and has served as the general secretary and national spokesperson of the AITC for the past few years. She was an investment banker before entering politics.


title: Mahua Moitra

text: Moitra was born to Dwipendra Lal Moitra and Manjoo Moitra on 12 October 1974 in Labac in the Cachar district of Assam. Moitra went to school in Kolkata. She graduated in economics and mathematics in 1998 from Mount Holyoke College South Hadley in Massachusetts, United States.


title: Mahua Moitra

text: She quit her position as vice-president at JPMorgan Chase in London in 2009 to enter Indian politics. Subsequently, she joined the Indian Youth Congress, the youth wing of the Indian National Congress party where she was one of the trusted hands of Rahul Gandhi in the project "Aam Admi Ka Sipahi". In 2010, she moved to the All India Trinamool Congress party. She was elected from the Karimpur constituency in Nadia district, West Bengal in the Legislative Assembly elections held in 2016. She has been elected as a member of parliament to the 17th Lok Sabha from Krishnanagar, West Bengal.


title: Mahua Moitra

text: On 13 November 2021, she was appointed TMC party's Goa in-charge to prepare the party for contesting the 2022 Goa Legislative Assembly election.


title: Mahua Moitra

text: On 10 January 2017, Moitra filed a police complaint against Bharatiya Janata Party MP and Union Minister Babul Supriyo for allegedly "insulting her modesty" during a national television debate. The complaint was later dismissed by the Calcutta High Court. A few days later, Babul Supriyo sent legal notices to Moitra and TMC MPs Saugata Roy and Tapas Paul for allegedly defaming him by accusing him of being involved in the Rose Valley ponzi firm scam.


title: Mahua Moitra

text: In January 2020, Zee media filed a defamatory lawsuit against Moitra for making derogatory statements against the channel while addressing reporters. She has been granted bail and put on trial by a Delhi Court.


title: Mahua Moitra

text: On 26 June 2019, Moitra pointed out 7 early signs of fascism which acoording to her, are there in India under Narendra Modi's government. She said that constitution on which every MP has sworn to protect is now under threat.


title: Mahua Moitra

text: In December 2020, Moitra called the press as "2 paisa" after which the local news media criticised her heavily and decided to boycott her. Her party distanced themselves from her comments.


title: Mahua Moitra

text: Criticising the judiciary and the current government in the parliament on 8 February 2021, Moitra stated "The sacred cow that was the judiciary is no longer sacred, It stopped being sacred the day a sitting chief justice of this country was accused of sexual harassment, presided over his own trial, cleared himself and then proceeded to accept the nomination to the upper house within three months of retirement, replete with Z+ security cover". The speech caused an uproar in the house with member of the ruling party calling it 'objectionable' and violating parliamentary rules because it mentioned a person in "high authority". Member of opposition supported the speech as it was based on facts which are matters of public record. The remarks were finally expunged from the records. On 11 February 2021, BJP leaders Nishikant Dubey and PP Chowdhary moved a privilege notice against Moitra.


title: Mahua Moitra

text: On 7 April 2022, Mahua Moitra argued in the parliament that the Criminal Procedure (Identification) Bill, 2022 is even more intrusive than colonial surveillance laws in India.


title: Mahua Moitra

text: She condemned the acquittal and thereafter, garlanding of rapists of Bilkis Bano by local BJP politicians and VHP workers by calling out their Islamophobia and hate for women and said that for every BJP Politician who lauds this has "sankari", there exists a Kali(Hindu Goddess) who will fight back.


title: Mahua Moitra

text: On 5 July 2022 at the India Today Conclave East, while reacting to a film poster showing goddess Kali smoking a cigarette, Moitra said, “Kaali to me is a meat-eating, alcohol-accepting goddess. You have the freedom to imagine your goddess. There are some places where whiskey is offered to gods and in some other places it would be blasphemy.” Distancing itself from the controversy, her party All India Trinamool Congress issued a statement — “Her views expressed on Goddess Kali have been made in her personal capacity and are not endorsed by the party in any manner or form”, condemning Moitra's remarks. Subsequently, police complaints were filed against Moitra by the Bengal BJP in Kolkata and five districts of West Bengal, as well as in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.


title: Mahua Moitra

text: Moitra has revealed that she had lived in Scandinavia and that her former husband was Danish financier Lars Brorson. She expressed admiration for the Scandinavian education, Denmark's healthcare system, claiming that her former husband's mother had two government-provided carers looking after her for free. She hails from a Hindu Brahmin family and has a sister.


title: Jägerbomb

text: The Jägerbomb is a bomb mixed drink made by dropping a shot of Jägermeister into an energy drink, typically Red Bull. Sometimes, this drink is incorrectly identified as a traditional "shot".


title: Jägerbomb

text: A Jägerbomb is typically served with a can of Red Bull or a similar style energy drink, poured into a pint glass and accompanied by Jägermeister in a shot glass. The glass of Jägermeister is dropped into the Red Bull by the bartender or the customer.


title: Shubh Mangal Saavdhan

text: Shubh Mangal Saavdhan () is a 2017 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy film directed by R. S. Prasanna and produced by Aanand L. Rai. Starring Ayushmann Khurrana and Bhumi Pednekar, it is the remake of the director's own Tamil film "Kalyana Samayal Saadham" (2013). Released on 1 September 2017, the film revolves around Mudit Sharma, who is about to get married, on how he deals with his erectile dysfunction with his fiancé and family.


title: Shubh Mangal Saavdhan

text: At the 63rd Filmfare Awards, "Shubh Mangal Saavdhan" received 5 nominations, including Best Actor (Khurrana), Best Actress (Pednekar) and Best Supporting Actress (Pahwa).


title: Shubh Mangal Saavdhan

text: A spiritual successor titled "Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan", also starring Khurrana in the lead and Pednekar in a cameo appearance, was released on 21 February 2020.


title: Shubh Mangal Saavdhan

text: The story is about Mudit Sharma (Ayushmann Khurrana), a Delhi boy with a marketing job, and Sugandha Joshi (Bhumi Pednekar), a Gurgaon girl whom Mudit falls in love with. Shy by nature, Mudit tries all possible ways to talk to Sugandha but fails. Finally, he decides to send her an online marriage proposal. When the two finally meet, they feel the sparks and decide to take it to the next level. Sugandha takes her time deciding whether to accept the proposal and later calls it her first major decision for her own life. A formal marriage proposal is exchanged between their families.


title: Shubh Mangal Saavdhan

text: When Sugandha's parents are out of town, Mudit and Sugandha try getting intimate and when they finally reach the bed, a visibly uncomfortable Mudit declares that he needs to use the washroom. But when he returns, he gets dressed and makes for the main door. When a concerned Sugandha asks him about this sudden change of plans, he simply hints at his problem with the help of a biscuit, getting Sugandha to realize that he is facing a bout of erectile dysfunction.


title: Shubh Mangal Saavdhan

text: Mudit and Sugandha try different ways to solve the problem but fail, and when Mudit comes face to face with the reality of his impending marriage, he decides to cancel it. They argue. Now deeply in love, Sugandha refuses to cancel the wedding and says she will expect him and his "baaraat" (wedding procession) at the venue.


title: Shubh Mangal Saavdhan

text: Eventually, accompanied by a posse of assorted relatives, Mudit leaves for Haridwar where the marriage is scheduled to take place. During the journey, Mudit constantly receives calls from someone stating that he is a well-wisher and knows about his problem. When he reaches Haridwar and the calls continue, Sugandha takes the call and showers abuses on the unknown person before suddenly realizing that the well-wisher is none other than Sugandha's father.


title: Shubh Mangal Saavdhan

text: Mudit's future father-in-law takes him to consult with a veterinarian who suggests that the cause is stress. A day prior to the wedding, Sugandha and Mudit try getting intimate one more time, egged on by relatives from both sides of the family. When they exit the room sometime later, they find every family member waiting expectantly about Mudit having done 'it'. Mudit says that he managed to perform but Sugandha disagrees. The families are now deeply worried.


title: Shubh Mangal Saavdhan

text: As the hour of the wedding approaches and troubles and disagreements pile on, Mudit stands up for Sugandha and their relationship against family/societal expectations. He even risks his life to stand up for the love of his life, Sugandha. He rejects toxic masculinity and they together define their marriage as a team of equal players. The wedding takes place.


title: Shubh Mangal Saavdhan

text: In the closing narration, Sugandha says that nothing happened (i.e. Mudit still presumably had erectile dysfunction) on the first night or their honeymoon and then, they simply got busy with their lives. And one fine day, it simply happened, even as the whole family was busy in a "pooja" (prayer ceremony).


title: Shubh Mangal Saavdhan

text: The film was extensively shot in Delhi, Rishikesh and Haridwar. Anshul Chauhan was hired to play Bhumi Pednekar's best friend in the film.


title: Shubh Mangal Saavdhan

text: The music of the film is composed by Tanishk Bagchi and Vayu, who also wrote the lyrics for the songs. The first track of the film "Rocket Saiyyan" sung by Ritu Pathak, Brijesh Shandilya and Bagchi was released on 7 August 2017. The second song "Laddoo" sung by Mika Singh and it was released on 21 August 2017. The soundtrack consists of five songs and was released on 25 August 2017.


title: Shubh Mangal Saavdhan

text: Rajeev Masand of "News18" praised the performances of the leading pair, Ayushmann Khurana & Bhumi Pednekar, and concluded his review by saying that, "Shubh Mangal Saavdhan rises above its minor problems to deliver plenty laughs. It’s one of the year’s most enjoyable films" and gave the film . Neil Soans of "The Times of India" gave the film praising the performances of the actors and the humor of the film but found the climax of the movie to be a letdown. Ananya Bhattacharya of "India Today" praised the movie saying, "This is easily one of the best films that Bollywood has given us in 2017. Shubh Mangal Saavdhan does not fall flat. It flies" and gave the film . Sweta Kaushal of "Hindustan Times" gave the film a saying that, "Prasanna presents Shubh Mangal Saavdhan in a rather flat manner and refuses to give space to characters other than the hero and heroine, leaving behind one mess of what could have been a fun-filled entertainer." Shubhra Gupta of "The Indian Express" gave the film saying that, "overall this comedy of middle-class-Dilli-manners-and-mores suffers from a sit-com flatness, and a sagging climax."


title: Shubh Mangal Saavdhan

text: Following the commercial success of the film, a spiritual successor titled "Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan" was announced which is based on homosexuality. Ayushmann Khurrana, the lead actor plays a gay man in the film. A teaser was released on 9 May 2019 giving the theme of the film. The film was initially slated to release on 13 March 2020, but the release was pushed up to 21 February 2020.


title: Large Magellanic Cloud

text: The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), or Nubecula Major, is a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way. At a distance of around 50 kiloparsecs (≈160,000 light-years), the LMC is the second- or third-closest galaxy to the Milky Way, after the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal (16 kpc) and the possible dwarf irregular galaxy known as the Canis Major Overdensity. Based on the D isophote at the B-band (445 nm wavelength of light), the Large Magellanic Cloud is approximately across. It is roughly a hundredth as massive as the Milky Way and is the fourth-largest galaxy in the Local Group, after the Andromeda Galaxy (M31), the Milky Way and the Triangulum Galaxy (M33).


title: Large Magellanic Cloud

text: The LMC is classified as a Magellanic spiral. It contains a stellar bar that is geometrically off center, suggesting that it was a barred dwarf spiral galaxy before its spiral arms were disrupted, likely by tidal interactions from the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) and the Milky Way's gravity.


title: Large Magellanic Cloud

text: With a declination of about −70°, the LMC is visible as a faint "cloud" from the southern hemisphere of the Earth and from as far north as 20° N. It straddles the constellations Dorado and Mensa and has an apparent length of about 10° to the naked eye, 20 times the Moon's diameter, from dark sites away from light pollution.


title: Large Magellanic Cloud

text: Both clouds have been easily visible for southern nighttime observers well back into prehistory. It has been claimed that the first-known written mention of the Large Magellanic Cloud was by the Persian astronomer 'Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi Shirazi (later known in Europe as "Azophi"), in his "Book of Fixed Stars" around 964 AD. However, this seems to be a misunderstanding of a reference to some stars south of Canopus which he admits he has not seen.


title: Large Magellanic Cloud

text: The first confirmed recorded observation was in 1503–1504 by Amerigo Vespucci in a letter about his third voyage. He mentioned "three Canopes, two bright and one obscure"; "bright" refers to the two Magellanic Clouds, and "obscure" refers to the Coalsack.


title: Large Magellanic Cloud

text: Ferdinand Magellan sighted the LMC on his voyage in 1519 and his writings brought it into common Western knowledge. The galaxy now bears his name.


title: Large Magellanic Cloud

text: The galaxy and southern end of Dorado are in the current epoch at opposition on about 5 December when thus visible from sunset to sunrise from equatorial points such as Ecuador, the Congos, Uganda, Kenya and Indonesia and for part of the night in nearby months. Below about 28° south the galaxy is always sufficiently above the horizon to be considered properly circumpolar, thus spring and autumn also are seasons of much-of-night visibility, and the height of winter in June nearly coincides with closest proximity to the Sun's apparent position.


title: Large Magellanic Cloud

text: Measurements with the Hubble Space Telescope, announced in 2006, suggest the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds may be moving too quickly to be orbiting the Milky Way.


title: Large Magellanic Cloud

text: Astronomers discovered a new black hole inside the Large Magellanic Cloud in November 2021 using the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope in Chile. Astronomers claim its gravity is influenced by a nearby star, which is about five times the mass of our Sun.


title: Large Magellanic Cloud

text: The Large Magellanic Cloud has a prominent central bar and spiral arm. The central bar seems to be warped so that the east and west ends are nearer the Milky Way than the middle. In 2014, measurements from the Hubble Space Telescope made it possible to determine a rotation period of 250 million years.


title: Large Magellanic Cloud

text: The LMC was long considered to be a planar galaxy that could be assumed to lie at a single distance from the Solar System. However, in 1986, Caldwell and Coulson found that field Cepheid variables in the northeast lie closer to the Milky Way than those in the southwest. From 2001 to 2002 this inclined geometry was confirmed by the same means, by core helium-burning red clump stars, and by the tip of the red giant branch. All three papers find an inclination of 35°, where a face-on galaxy has an inclination of 0°. Further work on the structure of the LMC using the kinematics of carbon stars showed that the LMC's disk is both thick and flared, likely due to interactions with the SMC. Regarding the distribution of star clusters in the LMC, Schommer et al. measured velocities for 80 clusters and found that the LMC's cluster system has kinematics consistent with the clusters moving in a disk-like distribution. These results were confirmed by Grocholski et al., who calculated distances to a sample of clusters and showed that the cluster system is distributed in the same plane as the field stars.


title: Large Magellanic Cloud

text: Distance to the LMC has been calculated using standard candles; Cepheid variables are one of the most popular. These have been shown to have a relationship between their absolute luminosity and the period over which their brightness varies. However the variable of metallicity may also need to be taken as a component of this as consensus is this likely affects their period-luminosity relations. Unfortunately, those in the Milky Way typically used to calibrate the relation are more metal-rich than those found in the LMC.


title: Large Magellanic Cloud

text: Modern 8-meter-class optical telescopes have discovered eclipsing binaries throughout the Local Group. Parameters of these systems can be measured without mass or compositional assumptions. The light echoes of supernova 1987A are also geometric measurements, without any stellar models or assumptions.


title: Large Magellanic Cloud

text: In 2006, the Cepheid absolute luminosity was re-calibrated using Cepheid variables in the galaxy Messier 106 that cover a range of metallicities. Using this improved calibration, they find an absolute distance modulus of formula_1, or . This distance has been confirmed by other authors.


title: Large Magellanic Cloud

text: By cross-correlating different measurement methods, one can bound the distance; the residual errors are now less than the estimated size parameters of the LMC.


title: Large Magellanic Cloud

text: The results of a study using late-type eclipsing binaries to determine the distance more accurately was published in the scientific journal "Nature" in March 2013. A distance of with an accuracy of 2.2% was obtained.


title: Large Magellanic Cloud

text: Like many irregular galaxies, the LMC is rich in gas and dust, and is currently undergoing vigorous star formation activity. It holds the Tarantula Nebula, the most active star-forming region in the Local Group.


title: Large Magellanic Cloud

text: The LMC has a wide range of galactic objects and phenomena that make it known as an "astronomical treasure-house, a great celestial laboratory for the study of the growth and evolution of the stars", per Robert Burnham Jr. Surveys of the galaxy have found roughly 60 globular clusters, 400 planetary nebulae and 700 open clusters, along with hundreds of thousands of giant and supergiant stars. Supernova 1987A—the nearest supernova in recent years—was in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The Lionel-Murphy SNR (N86) nitrogen-abundant supernova remnant was named by astronomers at the Australian National University's Mount Stromlo Observatory, acknowledging Australian High Court Justice Lionel Murphy's interest in science and its perceived resemblance to his large nose.


title: Large Magellanic Cloud

text: A bridge of gas connects the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) with the LMC, which evinces tidal interaction between the galaxies. The Magellanic Clouds have a common envelope of neutral hydrogen, indicating that they have been gravitationally bound for a long time. This bridge of gas is a star-forming site.


title: Large Magellanic Cloud

text: No X-rays above background were detected from either cloud during the September 20, 1966, Nike-Tomahawk rocket flight nor that of two days later. The second took off from Johnston Atoll at 17:13 UTC and reached an apogee of , with spin-stabilization at 5.6 rps. The LMC was not detected in the X-ray range 8–80 keV.


title: Large Magellanic Cloud

text: Another was launched from same atoll at 11:32 UTC on October 29, 1968, to scan the LMC for X-rays. The first discrete X-ray source in Dorado was at RA Dec , and it was the Large Magellanic Cloud. This X-ray source extended over about 12° and is consistent with the Cloud. Its emission rate between 1.5–10.5 keV for a distance of 50 kpc is /s. An X-ray astronomy instrument was carried aboard a Thor missile launched from the same atoll on September 24, 1970, at 12:54 UTC and altitudes above , to search for the Small Magellanic Cloud and to extend observation of the LMC. The source in the LMC appeared extended and contained star ε Dor. The X-ray luminosity (L) over the range 1.5–12 keV was ().


title: Large Magellanic Cloud

text: The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) appears in the constellations Mensa and Dorado. LMC X-1 (the first X-ray source in the LMC) is at RA Dec , and is a high-mass X-ray binary (star system) source (HMXB). Of the first five luminous LMC X-ray binaries: LMC X-1, X-2, X-3, X-4 and A 0538–66 (detected by Ariel 5 at A 0538–66), LMC X-2 is the one that is a bright low-mass X-ray binary system (LMXB) in the LMC.


title: Large Magellanic Cloud

text: DEM L316 in the Cloud consists of two supernova remnants. Chandra X-ray spectra show that the hot gas shell on the upper left has an abundance of iron. This implies that the upper-left SNR is the product of a Type Ia supernova; much lower such abundance in the lower remnant belies a Type II supernova.


title: Clem Burke

text: Clement Burke (born Clement Anthony Bozewski; November 24, 1954) is an American musician who is best known as the drummer for the band Blondie from 1975, shortly after the band formed, throughout the band's entire career. He also played drums for the Ramones for a brief time in 1987, and performed under the name Elvis Ramone.


title: Clem Burke

text: Burke's early experiences behind the drum kit began in the late 1960s and early 1970s as one of the founding members of Bayonne's premier cover bands, Total Environment and Sweet Willie Jam Band. Burke also gained percussion knowledge from his stint as a drummer in the famed Saint Andrew Bridgmen Drum and Bugle Corps in Bayonne. Recruited by Debbie Harry and Chris Stein when Blondie was first forming in 1974, Burke joined Blondie in early 1975.


title: Clem Burke

text: He was a key figure in keeping the group together after Stein and Harry considered disbanding, following the departure of original bassist Fred Smith to Television and he recruited his friend Gary Valentine to play bass. Burke's style of playing was influenced by Hal Blaine, Keith Moon, Ringo Starr, and Earl Palmer.


title: Clem Burke

text: During the 1980s and 1990s, when Blondie was disbanded, Burke played drums for the Romantics (for whom Burke was the regular drummer between 1990 and 2004), Pete Townshend, Bob Dylan, Eurythmics, Dramarama, the Fleshtones, Iggy Pop, and Joan Jett, amongst others. He went on to record with the line-up of Chequered Past in 1983 with Sex Pistols guitarist Steve Jones, former Blondie bandmate Nigel Harrison, musician Tony Sales and singer/actor Michael Des Barres.


title: Clem Burke

text: In 1987, he stood in as drummer for the Ramones (under the name "Elvis Ramone") for two gigs, on August 28 in Providence, Rhode Island, and August 29 in Trenton, New Jersey at the punk club The City Gardens, after the sudden departure of Richie Ramone. On October 8, 2004, he once again played under the name "Elvis Ramone", when he joined Tommy Ramone, C. J. Ramone, and Daniel Rey in the "Ramones Beat on Cancer" concert. He has recorded and played live with Wanda Jackson and Nancy Sinatra. Burke also played on the Go-Go's member Kathy Valentine's solo release "Light Years" in 2005. And he recorded and toured with Dramarama from Wayne, New Jersey and Los Angeles on their 1993 album "Hi-Fi Sci-Fi".


title: Clem Burke

text: In 2007, Burke joined Slinky Vagabond with David Bowie guitarist Earl Slick, Glen Matlock, and Keanan Duffty playing their debut concert at the Joey Ramone Birthday Bash in May 2007. He is also a member of Magic Christian (Dirty Water Records), along with Flamin' Groovies guitarist Cyril Jordan (on guitar) and Plimsouls lead guitarist Eddie Munoz (on bass) and toured several times as drummer with the Hugh Cornwell Band.


title: Clem Burke

text: Burke played 90-minute sets at 100 concerts in a year and in 2008 it was reported that he had taken part in an 8-year study that analysed the physical and psychological effects of drumming and the stamina required by professional drummers, conducted jointly by the University of Gloucestershire and the University of Chichester. In July 2011, Burke received an honorary doctorate from the University of Gloucestershire, as a result of the drumming project.


title: Clem Burke

text: In December 2011 he formed the band the International Swingers with Sex Pistols bass player Glen Matlock, guitarist James Stevenson of Generation X and singer Gary Twinn of Supernaut. About the same time he became a founding member of the Split Squad, participating in tours, appearances at SXSW festivals, and in the recording of the album, "Now Hear This...", released in January 2014.


title: Clem Burke

text: In April 2013, Burke appeared on the Little Steven song "All I Needed Was You" along with Scott Kempner, Barry Goldberg, Gregg Sutton and Tom Jr Morgan on the Carla Olson album "Have Harmony, Will Travel". In 2014, Burke was a founding member of the Empty Hearts. The group recorded on 429 Records and his bandmates included the Romantics guitarist and vocalist Wally Palmar, the Chesterfield Kings bassist Andy Babiuk, the Cars guitarist Elliot Easton, and Small Faces and Faces pianist Ian McLagan. The band's self-titled first album was released August 5, 2014, and produced by Ed Stasium.


title: Clem Burke

text: In 2015, via PledgeMusic, the band The International Swingers raised the money to record their first full-length self-titled album, "The International Swingers" (originally under the working title "Whatever Works Now"). The album was recorded at Studio 606 in LA which is owned by the Foo Fighters. It was then mixed by Peter Walsh who has worked with Simple Minds, Pulp and most recently Scott Walker.


title: Clem Burke

text: In 2017 Burke played dates as a member of L.A.M.F., a Johnny Thunders tribute also featuring Walter Lure, Mike Ness, and Glen Matlock. The reunion shows in New York took place at the Bowery Electric in Manhattan on November 15 and 16 2016 (without Glen Matlock), and were recorded for the release on an album released on Jungle Records in December 2017.


title: Clem Burke

text: In December 2021, Burke filled in on drums for Gina Schock during The Go-Go's show at the Whisky a Go Go to celebrate their recent induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.


title: Clem Burke

text: In 2008, Burke founded the Clem Burke Drumming project to investigate the physical and mental-health benefits of drumming.


title: Lemonade Mouth (film)

text: Lemonade Mouth is a 2011 American teen musical drama television film, based on the 2007 novel of the same name by Mark Peter Hughes. The film was directed by Patricia Riggen and written by April Blair, and stars Bridgit Mendler, Adam Hicks, Naomi Scott, Hayley Kiyoko and Blake Michael. The film tells the story of five high school students who meet in detention and form a band to stand up for their beliefs and to overcome their individual and collective struggles.


title: Lemonade Mouth (film)

text: The film premiered on April 15, 2011, on Disney Channel as Disney Channel Original Movie. It received over 7 million views on its premiere night, and has been met with generally positive reviews, with praise going towards the acting ensemble, the script-writing, the directing, and themes of honesty, integrity, and self-expression. The film won the Popstar Award for Favorite TV Movie in 2011, and was also nominated for a Directors Guild of America Award and a Motion Picture Sound Editors Award.


title: Lemonade Mouth (film)

text: The soundtrack of the same name was released in April 2011 to significant commercial success peaking at number 4 on the US Billboard 200 and number three on the US Top Digital Albums. Alike to the film, it was received positively by critics, who particularly praised its originality. The single "Determinate" received a JanNEWary Award for Best iTunes Song.


title: Lemonade Mouth (film)

text: Five high school freshman students Olivia White, Mohini "Mo" Banjaree, Charles "Charlie" Delgado, Stella Yamada, and Wendell "Wen" Gifford all meet after ending up in detention for different reasons. Miss Reznick, the music teacher supervising detention, leaves to argue with the principal Mr. Brenigan about his decision to move all extracurricular activities to the basement to make room for a new gymnasium. The five then tap out a beat and play instruments, and Olivia sings "Turn Up the Music." Miss Reznick returns and says that they would make a great band, and encourages them to enter a music competition called "Rising Star," in which a popular band, Mudslide Crush, planned to enter.


title: Lemonade Mouth (film)

text: The following day, Stella sends a text message to the members stating that they need to meet. The group agrees to chat at a pizza shop called Dante's Pizza where Stella reveals she signed the band up for Rising Star and the Halloween Bash, much to Olivia’s shock and begins to feel sick.


title: Lemonade Mouth (film)

text: The band forms with Olivia as lead vocalist, Stella as lead guitarist/backing vocalist, Mo as bassist/backing vocalist, Wen as keyboardist/keytarist/rapping vocalist, and Charlie as drummer. At school, Olivia gets cornered by Ray Beech, lead singer of Mudslide Crush, who makes fun of Olivia because of her performance anxiety. Stella spits lemonade on Ray in defense, and he refers to Stella as "Lemonade Mouth", giving the band its name. The band later discovers the lemonade machine they love is being removed from the school.


title: Lemonade Mouth (film)

text: When Mo sees her boyfriend Scott Picket, Ray's best friend and the guitarist of Mudslide Crush, flirting with one of the cheerleader girls Jules, she leaves him. On the day of the Halloween Bash, Olivia suffers a bad panic attack prior to performing due to her severe stage fright, so her friends go and find her in the bathroom, who's feeling sick, saying that they believe in her. This eventually gives her the confidence to perform. Lemonade Mouth performs "Determinate." After the performance, Stella makes a speech opposing Brenigan's decision to remove the lemonade machine, and encouraging self-expression to the supportive crowd. Angered, Principal Brenigan forbids them from playing at school. The next day, the band sees posters and banners all around the school supporting Lemonade Mouth, raising their spirits. Mo sings "She's So Gone" at the regular gig they have every Thursday night at Dante's Pizza. One day at school, Olivia is absent nor no where to be seen, concerning the band. When they later visit her at her house, they find out that her cat Nancy, the only remaining memory of her deceased mother, has passed on, leaving Olivia depressed. The band then sings "More Than A Band" to comfort her, and over time, they begin to grow closer to each other, soon opening up about each of their struggles. They also discover that "Determinate" is being played on the local radio. Shortly after, however, things begin to go downhill for the group: Mo gets the flu, Charlie breaks his fingers, Wen injures his eye while hanging up a picture with his dad, and Olivia loses her voice during an argument with Wen, leaving only Stella in the band that doesn't have an injury.


title: Lemonade Mouth (film)

text: Stella calls the band to the school, where she is protesting the removal of the lemonade machine. The group gets into a heated argument with the men removing the lemonade machine. Police arrive and they are brought to a holding cell to wait for their parents and guardians. They slowly come together singing (with the exception of Olivia, who taps to the beat), "Turn up the Music." The band agrees to perform at Rising Star, after contemplating quitting. As each of their parents and guardians come to pick them up from the police station, all members of Lemonade Mouth and their parents sort out their various problems at home. Wen finally gets to like his dad's girlfriend, Olivia finally gets the courage to send a letter to her dad in prison, Mo gets her dad to let her be herself not the perfect Indian daughter he wants, Charlie's older brother picks him up and Charlie finds out that his brother isn't as perfect as his parents always make out, and Stella's mom makes her realize that she doesn't have to be a genius like the rest of the family to fit in with.


title: Lemonade Mouth (film)

text: At Rising Star, Mudslide Crush performs "Don't Ya Wish U Were Us", but Lemonade Mouth unsuccessfully performs "Determinate" after realizing that Olivia and Mo's respective injuries have returned. Eventually, due to her anxiety catching up to her and straining her voice even more, Olivia begins to have another panic attack. Seeing her in distress, Stella tries to help encourage her, but to no avail. Dejected, the band is about to walk off the stage when the audience began to sing "Determinate" to support them. Scott, fed up with Ray, leaves Mudslide Crush and play his guitar to perform alongside the audience which brought back Lemonade Mouth onto the stage again and finish their performance.


title: Lemonade Mouth (film)

text: The next day at school, Mo and Scott get back together, and Charlie who had liked Mo during the time together, accepts that she is with Scott and begins talking with another girl who likes him. At Wen's father's wedding, Stella recognizes the man sitting next to her as Mel, the owner of the lemonade machine company. He donates a music theatre to the school, which Mr. Brenigan accepts. Olivia mails the entire story to her father, who is in prison. The film closes with Lemonade Mouth performing "Breakthrough" at Madison Square Garden, with Scott as their new rhythm guitarist.


title: Lemonade Mouth (film)

text: Author Mark Peter Hughes makes a cameo appearance as an extra dressed as a bee at the Halloween Bash.


title: Lemonade Mouth (film)

text: In 2010, "Lemonade Mouth" was announced by Disney Channel initially as an upcoming musical franchise (though it was released as a standalone film), and it was announced that Bridgit Mendler, Adam Hicks, Hayley Kiyoko, Naomi Scott were cast in the film, as well as actress Tisha Campbell-Martin and actor Christopher McDonald, were cast in the film. The names of eight characters in the book were changed for the film; the character of "Olivia Whitehead" was changed to "Olivia White", "Wendel Gifford" was changed to "Wendell Gifford", "Stella Penn" was changed to "Stella Yamada", "Mohini Banerjee" was changed to "Mohini Banjaree", and "Charlie Hirsh" was changed to "Charlie Delgado". Production began in August 2010, and filming took place in Albuquerque, New Mexico.


title: Lemonade Mouth (film)

text: The extended edition of the DVD includes an interview with Moxie Morris on "All Things Musical", in which Mo and Scott's relationship is nearly exposed by Moxie in front of Mo's father, but is stopped by Olivia, who says that she and Wen are dating. The band then performs "Livin On A High Wire".


title: Lemonade Mouth (film)

text: The movie features ten original songs, and was released by Walt Disney Records as a soundtrack album on April 12, 2011.


title: Lemonade Mouth (film)

text: "Lemonade Mouth" was watched by 5.7 million viewers on its premiere night, ranking as the No. 1 TV Telecast among Kids 7–11 (2.3 million/9.4 rating) and Teens (2.1 million/8.5 rating), and cable's No. 1 original movie of 2011 among Total Viewers. With DVR viewing included, its total was 7.1 million viewers. A local premiere was held in the author Mark Peter Hughes's town of Wayland, Massachusetts. It was broadcast live by the town public access station, WayCAM.TV, by local students.


title: Lemonade Mouth (film)

text: On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 80% of reviews are positive. Family-oriented reviewers at Common Sense Media praised the film for its themes of honesty, empowerment, overcoming adversity, self-expression, standing up for what one believes in, and for its emphasis on the importance of the arts and of friendship and family. Emily Ashby of Common Sense Media wrote: "... Lemonade Mouth" is an uplifting celebration of the human spirit."


title: Lemonade Mouth (film)

text: Online publishing-platform Medium wrote "Superb music, talented cast, good script, a well used production design budget — this one hit the nail on the head. More than that, we love the spirit of Lemonade Mouth. The outcasts fight for equality with the cool crowd and stand up against the powers that be with music." Reviewing site Plugged In wrote: "The message is as clear as the Disney castle is colorful: Stand up for what you believe in—no matter what that may be. (And get famous in the process!)"


title: Lemonade Mouth (film)

text: In 2011, the author of "Lemonade Mouth" said that he had been working on a sequel. Actor Blake Michael has said: "It's all up to the fans, it's in their hands. If people enjoy it and they love it and they want more, they'll get it. I think Disney is just a great organization in general and they're always one step ahead of the game. So you never really know what's gonna happen." On June 15, 2011, it was announced during the 2011 Licensing International Expo that "Lemonade Mouth 2" was in the works.


title: Lemonade Mouth (film)

text: On April 6, 2012, Chris Brochu announced on his Twitter account, that the sequel was no longer going into production. In interviews with Kidzworld Media and BSCKids in May 2012, Bridgit Mendler confirmed that a sequel would not be produced, noting that "they tried to figure something out for a sequel, but everyone at Disney felt like the movie had completed its story in the first movie."


title: Hands Across America

text: Hands Across America was a public fundraising event on Sunday, May 25, 1986, when 5 to 6.5 million people held hands for 15 minutes in an attempt to form a continuous human chain across the contiguous United States. The attempt to have a complete line of people across the country failed, although the number of participants would have been sufficient to succeed if they had been spread out over the full length of the planned course. The various gaps in the line between participants were filled using ribbons, ropes, or banners.


title: Hands Across America

text: Many participants donated $10 each to reserve their place in line. The proceeds were donated to local charities to fight hunger and homelessness and help those in poverty.


title: Hands Across America

text: The event was conceived and organized by Ken Kragen. Event implementation was through USA for Africa under the direction of Marty Rogol, the founding Executive Director. A theme song, entitled "Hands Across America," was played simultaneously on hundreds of radio stations at 3:00 p.m. Eastern time (noon Pacific time). The song was written by Marc Blatte, John Carney, and Larry Gottlieb, and featured lead vocals by session singers Joe Cerisano and Sandy Farina, and the band Toto. The song peaked at #65 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 in 1986.


title: Hands Across America

text: Hands Across America was a project of USA for Africa. USA for Africa produced "We Are the World" and the combined revenues raised by both events raised almost $100 million to fight famine in Africa and hunger and homelessness in the United States.


title: Hands Across America

text: The date and time chosen for the event inadvertently conflicted with another charity fundraiser, Sport Aid, which was organized by USA for Africa on the same day. Since Hands Across America was much better publicized in the United States, only 4,000 runners participated in New York City for Sport Aid.


title: Hands Across America

text: In order to allow the maximum number of people to participate, the path linked major cities and meandered back and forth within the cities. There were sections where the "line" was six to ten people deep. Enough people participated that if an average of all the participants had been taken and spread evenly along the route standing four feet (1.2 m) apart, an unbroken chain across the 48 contiguous states would have been able to be formed.The event aimed to raise money to fight poverty and hunger by literally uniting millions of Americans in a single cause: forming a human chain spanning the continental United States. Together, sponsors and corporations accounted for roughly 2000 miles of the 4125-mile chain.


title: Hands Across America

text: Hands Across America raised $34 million. According to "The New York Times", a net $15 million was distributed after deducting operating costs.


title: Hands Across America

text: Hands Across America was featured in the 1992 episode of "The Simpsons", "Brother, Can You Spare Two Dimes?" when the couch breaks and Homer reminisces about the memories sitting on it. One such memory is seeing coverage saying "Except for large gaps in the western states, Hands Across America was a complete success". Homer's wife and children, along with his neighbors the Flanderses are participating in the event, while Homer sits schumpily on the couch.


title: Hands Across America

text: Character Jack Donaghy (portrayed by Alec Baldwin) mentions participating in Hands Across America in the episode "Hiatus" (S01E21) of the television show "30 Rock". The event was again referenced in season 5, episode 15, by Liz Lemon (Tina Fey) saying, when asked for ID at a bar, she participated in Hands Across America.


title: Hands Across America

text: The event figures significantly in the plot of the 2019 American horror film "Us", directed by Jordan Peele.


title: Carcharodontosaurus

text: Carcharodontosaurus (; ) is a genus of large carcharodontosaurid theropod dinosaur that existed during the Cenomanian age of the Late Cretaceous in Northern Africa. The genus "Carcharodontosaurus" is named after the shark genus "Carcharodon", itself composed of the Greek (, meaning "jagged" or "sharp") and (, "teeth"), and the suffix "" ("lizard"). It is currently known to have two species: "C. saharicus" and "C. iguidensis".


title: Carcharodontosaurus

text: In 1924, two teeth were found in the Continental intercalaire of Algeria, showing what were at the time unique characteristics. These teeth were described by Depéret and Savornin (1925) as representing a new taxon, which they named "Megalosaurus saharicus" and later categorized in the subgenus "Dryptosaurus". Some years later, paleontologist Ernst Stromer described the remains of a partial skull and skeleton from Cenomanian aged rocks in the Bahariya Formation of Egypt (Stromer, 1931); originally excavated in 1914, the remains consisted of a partial skull, teeth, vertebrae, claw bones and assorted hip and leg bones. The teeth in this new finding matched the characteristics of those described by Depéret and Savornin, which led to Stromer conserving the species name "saharicus" but finding it necessary to erect a new genus for this species, "Carcharodontosaurus", for their similarities, in sharpness and serrations, to the teeth of "Carcharodon" (Great white shark).


title: Carcharodontosaurus

text: The fossils described by Stromer were destroyed in 1944 during World War II, but a new, more complete skull was found in the Kem Kem Group of Morocco during an expedition led by paleontologist Paul Sereno in 1995, near the Algerian border and the locality where the teeth described by Depéret and Savornin (1925) were found. The teeth found with this new skull matched those described by Depéret and Savornin (1925) and Stromer (1931); the rest of the skull also matched that described by Stromer. This new skull was designated as the neotype by Brusatte and Sereno (2007) who also described a second species of "Carcharodontosaurus", "C. iguidensis" from the Echkar Formation of Niger, differing from "C. saharicus" in aspects of the maxilla and braincase.


title: Carcharodontosaurus

text: The taxonomy of "Carcharodontosaurus" was discussed in Chiarenza and Cau (2016), who suggested that the neotype of "C. saharicus" was similar but distinct from the holotype in the morphology of the maxillary interdental plates. However, palaeontologist Mickey Mortimer put forward that the suggested difference between the "C. saharicus" neotype and holotype was actually due to damage to the neotype. The authors also identified the referred material of "C. iguidensis" as belonging to "Sigilmassasaurus" and a non-carcharodontosaurine, and therefore chose to limit "C. iguidensis" to the holotype pending future research.


title: Carcharodontosaurus

text: "Carcharodontosaurus" was one of the longest and heaviest known carnivorous dinosaurs, with an enormous long skull and long, serrated teeth up to long. "C. saharicus" reached in length and approximately in body mass, while "C. iguidensis" reached in length and in body mass.


title: Carcharodontosaurus

text: In 2001, Hans C. E. Larsson published a description of the inner ear and endocranium of "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus". Starting from the portion of the brain closest to the tip of the animal's snout is the forebrain, which is followed by the midbrain. The midbrain is angled downwards at a 45-degree angle and towards the rear of the animal. This is followed by the hindbrain, which is roughly parallel to the forebrain and forms a roughly 40-degree angle with the midbrain. Overall, the brain of "C. saharicus" would have been similar to that of a related dinosaur, "Allosaurus fragilis". Larsson found that the ratio of the cerebrum to the volume of the brain overall in "Carcharodontosaurus" was typical for a non-avian reptile. "Carcharodontosaurus" also had a large optic nerve.


title: Carcharodontosaurus

text: The three semicircular canals of the inner ear of "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus" – when viewed from the side – had a subtriangular outline. This subtriangular inner ear configuration is present in "Allosaurus", lizards, turtles, but not in birds. The semi-"circular" canals themselves were actually very linear, which explains the pointed silhouette. In life, the floccular lobe of the brain would have projected into the area surrounded by the semicircular canals, just like in other non-avian theropods, birds, and pterosaurs.


title: Carcharodontosaurus

text: The following cladogram after Apesteguía "et al.", 2016, shows the placement of "Carcharodontosaurus" within Carcharodontosauridae.


title: Carcharodontosaurus

text: A study by Donald Henderson, the curator of dinosaurs at the Royal Tyrrell Museum suggests that "Carcharodontosaurus" was able to lift animals weighing a maximum of in its jaws based on the strength of its jaws, neck, and its center of mass.


title: Carcharodontosaurus

text: SGM-Din 1, a "Carcharodontosaurus saharicus" skull, has a circular puncture wound in the nasal and "an abnormal projection of bone on the antorbital rim."


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Leonardo, nicknamed Leo, is a superhero appearing in "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" comics and related media, and created by American comic book artists Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird. He is one of the four central characters of the franchise, along with his brothers, Donatello, Raphael and Michelangelo.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Often depicted wearing a blue bandanna, his signature weapons are two katana. In all iterations, Leonardo is the leader of the turtles. He is traditionally portrayed as the most mature and disciplined of the Turtles. Like his brothers, he is named after an Italian Renaissance artist, in this case, Leonardo da Vinci. In the original comics, all four of the Turtles wear red masks, but for the creators to tell them apart, he was written and redrawn to have an ocean-blue mask.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Leonardo is the main protagonist of the comics. He does not explicitly refer to himself as a leader in the early stories, except in issue #44 ("The Violent Underground"). He is the one to usually take charge of the turtles when Master Splinter is not present. He is often at odds with his more hot-headed younger brother Raphael.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In "Leonardo" #1, Leonardo goes out for a run on the rooftops of New York City and is ambushed by the Foot Clan. He puts up an fight against an army of Foot Ninja but is overwhelmed. Beaten to near unconsciousness, he is thrown through April O'Neil's apartment window. The remaining Turtles and Splinter are forced to continue the fight, but even with the aid of Casey Jones, the odds are against them. In the end, the building catches fire and the police arrive, but they secretly escape to Northampton, Massachusetts. Leonardo recovers from his physical wounds, but he lost his confidence. He repeatedly attempts unsuccessfully to hunt for deer. While out hunting, he sees April fall through ice into a lake, and he rescues her. In subsequent issues, it is implied that Leonardo has regained most of his confidence.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In the "Return to New York" storyline ("Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" (vol. 1) #19-21), Raphael demands that the Turtles return to New York to confront the Foot Clan and the Shredder. He accuses Leonardo of cowardice, and the arguing brothers fight. Leonardo is beaten by Raphael, who throws Leonardo through the wall of the barn and leaves. Along with his younger brother Donatello and his youngest brother Michelangelo, Leonardo returns to New York and reunites with his wayward brother in the old sewer lair. The three go along with Raphael's plan to storm the Foot Headquarters, where once again Raphael goes off on his own to fight the Shredder. He is ambushed and beaten by the Shredder's Elite guard but is rescued by Leonardo. This prompts Raphael to cede to Leonardo's leadership, leaving him to fight the Shredder. Leonardo engages in a bloody battle with Shredder that ends up on the rooftop of the building. Leonardo ends the battle by decapitating the Shredder just as the building implodes. The Turtles later burn the Shredder's corpse on a funeral pyre in a nearby Manhattan harbor.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In the "City at War" storyline ("Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" (vol. 1) #50-62), a feud between various factions of the Foot Clan over leadership breaks out. As fighting ensues in the streets of New York, the Turtles and the civilian populace get caught in the middle. Leonardo grows weary of constant battle with the Foot Clan and seems fraught with indecision. The Turtles are approached by Karai, the leader of the Foot Clan in Japan who has come to New York to unite the Foot. She presents the Turtles with an offer of a truce between the Foot and the Turtles if they help her kill Shredder's Elite Guards, which are a major obstacle to her reorganizing the Foot. Despite Raphael's objections, Leonardo persuades his brothers to accept Karai's offer and all four Turtles successfully work with Karai to eliminate the Elite Guard.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In Volume 2 of the Mirage Studios comic, the turtles begin living in separate places. Leonardo decides to live in a newfound sewer lair. Michelangelo and Raphael notice a change in Leonardo and note that he seems more easygoing, though Raphael points out that his and Leonardo's natural order is to be "buttin' heads."


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Years later in Volume 4, Leonardo still leads his brothers (all four now in their thirties) in fights against crime. Leonardo and Raphael's conflict seems to have lessened. When the Utroms arrive on Earth and reveal alien life to humans the Turtles become free to mingle in everyday society. The Turtles help the Utroms acclimate to life on Earth and work alongside the Foot Clan as security. One Foot Clan member is Cha Ocho, who Leonardo has a rivalry with due to an encounter years earlier. Karai approaches Leonardo for help when a mysterious force begins attacking various Foot Clans; only the New York branch is left intact. His investigation takes him to the Battle Nexus, where he meets Oroku Yoshi (who wears armor similar to the Shredder's).


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: This incarnation of Leonardo makes an appearance in the "Turtles Forever" crossover special voiced by Jason Griffith.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In Volume 3 of the Image Comics series, Leonardo was initially portrayed as similar to his Mirage counterpart (at the time, Image was picking up where Volume 2 left off). In the later issues, he lost a hand when it was eaten by King Komodo, although this did not seem to deter him. He tried to use a prosthetic hand, which was given to him by Donatello, but he preferred to wear a steel cap which came with a retractable blade. In the IDW-published conclusion, "TMNT Urban Legends 25", after an altercation with Lady Shredder which smashed his steel cap beyond use, Leonardo's hand was found to have grown back.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: The Archie Comics series initially began as an adaptation of the 1987 animated series, so Leonardo was portrayed like his animated counterpart. As the series progressed, it began telling original stories. Leonardo demonstrated a dislike for firearms. A future version of Leonardo was depicted, having founded a ninja school. Four of his top students were depicted: Nobuko, possibly his love interest; Miles, a young black man; Carmen, a Latina woman and possibly his love interest; and Bob, an anthropomorphic baboon. These students seemed to have an "extended family" relationship with the Turtles, Bob, in particular, referring to them as uncles.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Although the IDW series is a re-imagination of the franchise, Leonardo is initially portrayed as similar to his Mirage counterpart. Leonardo is the eldest brother and the leader of the four. In the "Cityfall" saga, he gets captured by the Foot while he and his brothers try to save Casey and is taken to a Shinto witch by the name of Kitsune, who uses her dark magic to brainwash him into working for Shredder as his chunin (second-in-command), which infuriates Karai. He is saved by his brothers and their allies, however, after the death of the Shredder at the hands of his father, Splinter, who took over the Foot Clan after the battle, Leo once again became the chunin, but, like last time, it did not last. The relationship between Splinter and his sons deteriorated after he decided to take another life, going against the philosophy he taught them to always follow. He revealed that this was, in fact, an intentional way of pushing them away from him, as he believes being around him would be too much of a threat to them, as shown during the events of the comic book. Leonardo assumed leadership over the Clan Hamato, and since then, they have come into conflict with the Foot Clan several times.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In the 1987 TV series' theme song lyrics, Leonardo is stated to be the leader of the turtles; his orders are usually followed, and he is a serious do-gooder who does not joke around. He was attracted to a young kunoichi named Lotus, a swordswoman prodigy from Japan who was hired by Krang to replace Shredder, whom she defeated (along with Rocksteady and Bebop). She and Leonardo dueled to a standstill before she resorted to a trick sword to knock him out. When they met the second time, she tried to convince him to join her as a "ninja for hire", but he refused. She turned on Krang and escaped to continue her mercenary lifestyle, telling Leonardo that there was little good in goodness, though she hoped that they would one day be on the same side.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Leonardo takes his role of being a leader seriously. He can be bossy which annoys his brothers. Mostly they will obey, but sometimes they will not. In a Season 4 episode "Leonardo lightens up", his brothers got so annoyed that they used a personality alternator to make him loosen up, which lead to huge problems but ended up going back to normal in the end.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: When the cartoon series starts out, he is shown with having a level head, akin to his leadership qualities in the comic. However, as the series carried on, he became more of a hero of a group of superheroes and spoke in a high pitched voice, which was very different from the original, deeper pitch in the first season.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Leonardo seems to enjoy reading. For example, many times when the Turtles are at home, Leo is reading a book. In the episode "Four Musketurtles", he is the only Turtle that read "The Three Musketeers". Another good example is in "Leonardo is Missing"; while the other Turtles go to an arcade, Leonardo stays at the lair and reads. In the Season 6 episode "Snakes Alive", it is revealed that Leonardo has Ophidiophobia, but confronted it later.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In the Season 3 episode "Take Me to Your Leader!", Leonardo gives up his leadership and walks away after a dream he believes convinces him he is no longer a good leader. The others have to find him, and stop Shredder, Krang, and Bebop and Rocksteady from draining energy from the Sun with a Solar Siphon and store it in solar batteries. However, Leonardo returns when he spots a bridge collapsing due to snow. After a man says that everybody talks about the weather but nobody does anything, Leonardo realizes his responsibility and begins to search for his brothers. He later finds them, and together they save the Earth.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Leonardo's voice actor was Cam Clarke, in the actor's "breakout role" and is still one of his best-known roles in the 1987 cartoon. In the crossover film "Turtles Forever", this version of Leonardo is voiced by Dan Green. Leonardo made a couple of appearances in the 2012 series in the episode, "The Manhattan Project". He and the other turtles along with Casey and April are seen through a portal by their 2012 counterparts walking on a road and he made a speaking cameo along with the other turtles at the end of the episode when a space worm from the 2012 dimension started terrorizing the street. All four turtles see the worm and spring into action while shouting their famous catchphrase, 'Cowabunga'. Clarke reprised his role as Leonardo for the cameo. This would mark the first time in over 28 years the 1987 TMNT cast would return to their roles, with the sole exception of Rob Paulsen who returned to the TMNT franchise as Donatello in the 2012 series. The 1987 turtles then had a crossover with the 2012 turtles in the season 4 episode, "Trans-Dimensional Turtles" then in the three-part series final "Wanted: Bebop & Rocksteady".


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: The live-action "Coming Out of Their Shells" concert tour kickoff event at Radio City Music Hall would see Leonardo cast as the band's bass player, taking a secondary role while Michelangelo would take the role of lead singer and guitarist. However, once the Turtles are confronted by the Shredder and his forces during portions of the show, Leonardo again takes his role as the Turtles' battlefield commander, as they begin to defer to his orders during the various fight scenes in the show. Cam Clarke would reprise Leonardo's voice during non-musical segments of the show, though the VHS tape of the event leaves him uncredited.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: From 1997 to 1998, Leonardo along with the other Ninja Turtles was featured in a short-lived live-action series "", as well as a crossover episode with "Power Rangers in Space". In it, he carried one double-bladed ninjaken instead of two and his sibling rivalry with Raphael drove many episodes. In one episode where they were sparring, Raphael took advantage of Leo's apparent physical weakening, insulting, mocking and taunting his brother to make him more reckless, until finally, Leo lost his temper and angrily kicked Raph so hard that he sent Raph flying across the sewer den. They spent the rest of the episode arguing and challenging each other to tests of skill (some of them quite absurd) until finally using arm wrestling to decide who would live in the sewer and who would leave. Although Leo won, it was decided that Raph should stay. In this series, Leonardo was portrayed by Gabe Khouth and voiced by Michael Dobson.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In the Mirage Studios and 4Kids Entertainment 2003 animated TV series, Leonardo is voiced by Michael Sinterniklaas in the English version, Tetsuya Kakihara in the Japanese version, and Samuel Harjanne (seasons 1 and 2) and Markus Blom in the Finnish version.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Leonardo is the eldest brother, and leader of the group, quiet and the most serious of the four. He has a very close bond with Splinter, and has a strong sense of honor, ethics, and Bushidō. Leonardo's twin swords are slung across his back. Episodes that deal with the Shredder and honor usually also focus on Leonardo, and he is often the Turtle who "saves the day". Leonardo is a more self-doubting character than in previous incarnations. His younger brother Raphael often quarrels with him and resents his leadership, sarcastically calling Leonardo "Fearless Leader", although the two are shown to be very close at times. Though Leonardo's relationships with his younger brothers Donatello and Michelangelo are not as volatile, both have made comments alluding to the high standards the former has set, and his tendency to make them look bad. Despite this, his brothers view him as a pillar of strength and are at a loss when he is injured or absent. One of Leonardo's most prominent qualities is his determination to believe in the good and the best in people, even potential enemies; such as Karai.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: At times, Leonardo is shown to be very hard on himself, as he feels that a lot is expected of him. As in the Mirage comics, Leonardo is ambushed and seriously injured by the Foot Clan and he feels he let his family and himself down. He has the same feelings after the final battle with the Shredder-his anger and self-doubt were caused by Karai, who he believed was an honorable ally, but she was unable to go against her master's orders, eventually causing her to stab Leonardo (albeit unintentionally). Leonardo also feels extremely inadequate, as he believes that again, he let himself and his family down, this time by finding no other way to destroy the Shredder than to blow up the spaceship that both the Turtles and the Shredder were on; the Turtles and Splinter would have perished if they had not been rescued by Utroms. Eventually, Leonardo finds inner peace under the guidance of the Ancient One, who trained Splinter's sensei, Hamato Yoshi. From their final battle with the Shredder, Leonardo was the only Turtle to sustain truly lasting damage; part of the shell on his upper left shoulder had its edge shorn. Nevertheless, he is the most skilled of the Turtles, being the only one trained by two ninja masters, capable of facing and defeating Karai, the new Shredder, in a one-on-one fight, as well as defeating all three of his brothers at once in a sparring match.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Through much of the fourth season, while the other turtles are fully healed and recovered from their battle with the Shredder, Leonardo still could not get over his failure. He becomes bitter and increasingly stern with himself and adopts a greatly aggressive personality, which has been likened to Raph's previous impulsive and hotheaded ways on many occasions. Leonardo also shows considerably less reluctance in using violence to interrogate people, and devotes himself to even greater lengths of training in order to protect his family. Not wanting his family to worry about him, Leonardo chose to never tell them about his true feelings about their final battle against the Shredder, although he open up to April and Usagi about his problems. However, Leonardo ended up making his brothers worry for him anyway and Splinter feels he must move on. It comes to a head when Leonardo loses his temper and nearly causes Splinter a serious injury during a training session. Leonardo was sent by Splinter to find Master Yoshi's own sensei, The Ancient One since there is nothing more he could do for his troubled son. Leonardo encounters a strange short man, as well as obstacles that echo his own anger. In the end, Leonardo admits that he was angry over failing his family while fighting the Shredder and that his only option was to self-destruct the ship to stop him. Leonardo comes to terms with his anger, accepting he did everything in his power, and begins training under the short man, who turns out to be the Ancient One. Leonardo only leaves when he learns that his family is in danger, a result of Karai's vengeance, which destroys the lair and presumably eliminates them. Leonardo returns to the city, reunites his family in a safe location, and confronts Karai. He defeats her, but after Karai tells him to finish her, he refuses. Leo magnanimously gives her one last chance to leave the Turtles in peace, believing it is still good in her.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In the fifth season, of the eight acolytes under the Tribunal's training, Leonardo is the only one who does not receive a weapon from the Spirit Forge. It is implied that his spirit is his weapon, and anything he holds is merely an extension. (This was hinted at in previous seasons.) His otherworldly form is that of a dragon, a rare form, unheard of in someone his age. It is shown destroying evil guarding the second artifact. This avatar is first shown in "More Worlds Than One". His brothers later exhibit dragon avatars as well. In the fifth episode "Beginning of the End", he is given the sword "Gunjin" (one of the Fangs of the Dragon that commands the "White Flame of the Dragon King") by the wounded Faraji, who believes the sword was meant to be Leo's. Leo returns Gunjin in episode 12 "Enter the Dragons" when Faraji returns to help battle the Tengu Shredder because he believes the sword truly belongs to Faraji.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In the Fast Forward season and the Back to the Sewers season, the damage that occurred to Leonardo's shell as stated above has somehow been repaired.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Leonardo is trained not just by Master Splinter but the Ancient One himself, Hamato Yoshi's trainer and adoptive father. From then on, Leonardo is far more experienced and skillful at even more complex ninjitsu moves than even Splinter, Raph, Mikey, and Donnie all at once. In the third part of the first season episode series "Return to New York", he cuts the Shredder's head off in a one-on one-duel in Shredder's domain.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Leonardo is the most skilled at ninjutsu and other forms of hand-to-hand combat he all learned from his adopted father and master, Splinter. As his weapons are dual katanas, he is proficient in "the ways of the sword" and basic knife-throwing techniques. If need be, he can use Qi Qong to slow his own bodily functions to survive temporarily without oxygen. After training sessions with "the Ancient One" he developed an intuitive/psionic-like ability to see what has previously transpired by "allowing thought to flow out and within."


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Leonardo again leads the team in Nickelodeon's 3D computer-animated series. In this latest version, Leonardo seems to be less experienced and still perfecting his fighting skills and leadership abilities to make more solid decisions and gain more trust from his three younger brothers. He regularly watches an animated science fiction show called "Space Heroes" (a parody of "") and uses it as a guide for his leadership skills, often attempting to quote from the show in an attempt to sound intimidating and heroic, even if most of his attempts fall flat due to him sounding too cliché.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Leonardo's weapons here are purely dual katanas, which he uses in the Niten Ryu style of kenjutsu, making him an excellent swordsman. Despite the fact the other three turtles have added traits in this series, Leonardo is almost completely normal but now has blue eyes.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Upon the sudden demise of his adopted father and master, he reluctantly steps up as sensei in addition to being the leader, which puts even more pressure on him. He is visited, on occasion, by the spirit of Splinter who encourages him to lead his family and friends to stop new evils.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In addition to his natural ninjitsu skills, he eventually developed the strong innate ability to heal via an enchanted mantra known as "the healing hands." By chanting the incantation and making the right hand seals, Leo is fully capable of revitalizing his inner strength and counteracting even the most lethal of poisons and venom of "the healing hands." He managed to develop and utilize it to counteract the lethal venom of Karai, and attempted to use it on her to release her from the Shredder's control but failed. He then succeeded in saving Casey and Michelangelo from death. According to Splinter, he shows great gifts as a healer, and that being at the edge of his life had given him "a power that few martial artists can tap."


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: The character was voiced by actor Jason Biggs up until "The Wrath of Tiger Claw". Biggs then departed the series and was replaced by Dominic Catrambone for the remainder of the second season; Seth Green then took on the role for the remainder of the series.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In the 2018 animated series, "Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles", "Leonardo, the self-professed "coolest" brother possesses irreverent charm and a rebel heart". Unlike past versions, he is not the official leader of the turtles until the second season finale, and boasts a less serious, more laidback, charming, sardonic and joke-cracking personality. This incarnation of Leo is the second born brother, with Raphael being the oldest. Despite his apparent immaturity and goofiness, Leo is quick-witted and strategic by nature, and also initiatively leads his brothers whenever something has happened to Raphael, who is the group's de facto leader throughout the first two seasons. Despite coming off as somewhat arrogant, he also demonstrates insecurity and self-doubt. At the end of the season 2 finale "Rise", Splinter appoints Leo the new leader of his sons, much to the shock of him and his brothers. He is voiced by Ben Schwartz.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In "", Leo ends up doing more harm than good when his growing ego ends up causing an alien race called The Krang to invade and Raphael to be captured. Over the course of the film, Leo becomes the leader he was meant to be and nearly sacrifices himself willing to trap the Krang in their prison dimension and stay with him to keep him there, being content knowing that his family was safe from a future where The Krang decimate the planet. He is saved at the end, thanks' to Mikey's new mystic powers and Leo reconciles with Raph.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles", Leonardo was fairly modest and sensitive, rarely issuing direct commands and seemingly much more relaxed around his brothers thinking of himself as more of an equal than a leader. It was he who first communicated telepathically with a kidnapped Splinter and seems the most anxious about Raphael's health after his ambush by the Foot Clan. He fought alongside his brothers against The Shredder in the climactic battle and was the only one of the four to actually injure The Shredder, but, like his brothers, could not defeat him. Due to the focus on Raphael in the film's plot, Leonardo's personality was rarely explored and his leadership position in the team took a back seat. Leonardo was portrayed by David Forman and voiced by Brian Tochi.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In "", Leonardo was much more prominent and his leadership position was brought to focus. He is seen on many occasions bickering with Raphael as their sibling rivalry begins to become much more serious. He, like his brothers, was astonished at the return of the Foot but he found that their current homelessness due to their last battle was a more pressing issue and soon he convinced his brothers that they needed to move. Leonardo is once again sensitive, caring, and humorous in this adaption but he now appears much bossier and controlling.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III", after traveling back in time to feudal Japan, Leonardo leads his brothers to help a village in trouble from the villainous weapons trader, Walker, and to return home.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In "TMNT", Leo was sent away by Master Splinter to hone his skills in becoming a more efficient leader after Shredder's defeat. April finds him in Central America and while he was hesitant to return to New York City, he does at the right time to take on a new force of evil.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: His brotherly relationship with Raphael is strained due to Raphael feeling abandoned by Leo as well as feeling less appreciated by Splinter. Leonardo's vision of the world is perhaps wider than Raph's. In the first movie prequel comic, Leo becomes angry with Raph for trying to leave them in order to save a man from being mugged because 4 heavily armed Triceratons in the sewers could cause devastation to the city. He becomes further angered when Raphael deserts them mid-battle to help an old man. This conflict suggests that the two brothers operate on different levels of morality, though neither is necessarily wrong. Raph states in the comic that he was tired of waiting for disaster to fall on his family and tired of fighting aliens while people in their own neighborhood are being mugged and murdered. Leo, on the other hand, believes that the world of men is the responsibility of the police, while Utroms and Triceratons are their domain... that they should fight only when there is no one else to solve the problem. This also engages Leo in a contradiction when he stays in Central America, using violence to fight local lawlessness and effectively deserting his brothers because he believes as Raph believes, that others need him more. Such parallels suggest that the two brothers are experiencing the same dedication to justice but in a different mentality, albeit in very different locales and using different tactics. In fact, when Leo tracks down and scolds the Nightwatcher (not knowing that he is Raphael), he remarks that he is well aware of the Nightwatcher's good intentions but cannot simply approve of the latter's methods.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Raph challenges Leonardo after arguing about their own individual sense of justice and the reasons for their actions. Leonardo discovers that Raphael is the Nightwatcher and the two engage in an emotional fight. Raph almost kills Leo out of anger and then retreats due to shame and his brother's deep and confused stare. Leo is captured by the Stone Generals and the Foot Clan but is rescued by his family later before the final battle where Leo and Raph finally resolve their differences, Raph accepting Leo as their leader while Leo confesses to needing Raph. Leo is voiced by James Arnold Taylor in this film.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Leonardo appears in "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles", portrayed by Pete Ploszek in motion capture and voiced by Johnny Knoxville. In this movie, he is dedicated to perfecting his ninjutsu skills and will stop at nothing to defend his brothers and the entire city. There are times when his cautious nature makes him clash with his brothers. Leonardo firmly believes it's his ninja duty to protect all people. He tends to have a similar personality to his '87 counterpart where he is determined to help people and keep his brothers in line. He and Raphael, unlike in their other adaptions, do fight over leadership although they have a brief argument over the Hamatshi and Raphael talking about leaving which Leo debunks Raph's claim. In the movie, he, like Donnie and Raph, does not seek April's attention, unlike Mikey who does. He also appears in the sequel, "", although Knoxville didn't return to voice him, and Ploszek provided both motion-capture and voice.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Leonardo appears in the direct-to-video crossover film "Batman vs. Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles", voiced by Eric Bauza.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Leonardo is shown to appear in the upcoming , the first computer-animated Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles flim since "TMNT (2007)". Leonardo's voice hasen't been comfirmed. He's shown to have braces and is comfirmed to be voiced by an actual teenager.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In the video games, Leonardo is portrayed as well-balanced, having strong but not extreme abilities in all areas and no glaring weaknesses. His range is rather long, but not as long as Donatello's; however, Leonardo can usually inflict more damage. In the "" games, his moves are the closest to a Ryu/Ken archetype from the "Street Fighter" franchise. He appears in "" as a playable character, with Michael Sinterniklaas reprising the role.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Leonardo is one of the main playable characters in "" video game, where he is voiced by Scott Whyte. Leonardo also appears in the 2014 film-based game, voiced again by Cam Clarke.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Leonardo is featured as one of the playable characters from "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" as DLC in "Injustice 2", voiced by Corey Krueger. He is the default turtle outside the gear loadout, while the rest of his brothers, Michelangelo, Raphael and Donatello can only be picked through the said loadout selection, similar to premier skin characters. In their single-player ending, Krang had sent them to the world where the war between the Insurgency and Regime was taking place. After the victory over Brainiac, Harley Quinn serves some pizza with 5-U-93-R. With this, they became powerful enough to return home and defeat Krang and Shredder.


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Leonardo is featured as a TMNT season pass in "Smite" as an Osiris skin, voiced by Matthew Curtis. He is also available as a skin in "Brawlhalla".


title: Leonardo (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Leonardo is also a main playable character in the sequel to "", titled "". In the game, Leonardo once more plays the role of the "standard" character, with equal statistics in range, speed, and power. This is the first official "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" game in which will be played by his original voice actor, Cam Clarke.


title: Melusine

text: Mélusine () or Melusina is a figure of European folklore, a female spirit of fresh water in a holy well or river. She is usually depicted as a woman who is a serpent or fish from the waist down (much like a lamia or a mermaid). She is also sometimes illustrated with wings, two tails, or both. Her legends are especially connected with the northern and western areas of France, Luxembourg, and the Low Countries.


title: Melusine

text: The Limburg-Luxemburg dynasty (which ruled the Holy Roman Empire from 1308 to 1437 as well as Bohemia and Hungary), the House of Anjou and their descendants the House of Plantagenet (kings of England), and the French House of Lusignan (kings of Cyprus from 1205–1472, and for shorter periods over Cilician Armenia and Jerusalem) are said in folk tales and medieval literature to be descended from Melusine. The story combines several major legendary themes, such as the water nymph or mermaid, the earth being (terroir), the genius or guardian spirit of a location, the succubus who comes from the diabolical world to unite carnally with a man, or the banshee or harbinger of death.


title: Melusine

text: The French "Dictionnaire de la langue française" suggests the Latin "melus", meaning "melodious, pleasant". Another theory is that Melusine was inspired by a Poitevin legend of "Mère Lusine," leader of a band of fairies who built Roman edifices throughout the countryside. Melusine's name varies depending on the areas, such as Merlusse in Vosges or Merluisaine in Champagne.


title: Melusine

text: The most famous literary version of Melusine tales, that of Jean d'Arras, compiled about 1382–1394, was worked into a collection of "spinning yarns" as told by ladies at their spinning coudrette (). He wrote "The Romans of Partenay or of Lusignen: Otherwise known as the Tale of Melusine," giving source and historical notes, dates and background of the story. He goes into detail and depth about the relationship of Melusine and Raymondin, their initial meeting, and the complete story.


title: Melusine

text: The tale was translated into German in 1456 by Thüring von Ringoltingen, which version became popular as a chapbook. It was later translated into English, twice, around 1500, and often printed in both the 15th century and the 16th century. There is also a Castilian and a Dutch translation, both of which were printed at the end of the 15th century. A prose version is entitled the "Chronique de la princesse" ("Chronicle of the Princess").


title: Melusine

text: The story tells how in the time of the Crusades, Elynas, the King of Albany (an old name for Scotland or Alba), went hunting one day and came across a beautiful lady in the forest. She was Pressyne, mother of Melusine. He persuaded her to marry him but she agreed, only on the promise—for there is often a hard and fatal condition attached to any pairing of fay and mortal—that he must not enter her chamber when she birthed or bathed her children. She gave birth to triplets. When he violated this taboo, Pressyne left the kingdom, together with her three daughters, and traveled to the lost Isle of Avalon.


title: Melusine

text: The three girls—Melusine, Melior, and Palatyne—grew up in Avalon. On their fifteenth birthday, Melusine, the eldest, asked why they had been taken to Avalon. Upon hearing of their father's broken promise, Melusine sought revenge. She and her sisters captured Elynas and locked him, with his riches, in a mountain. Pressyne became enraged when she learned what the girls had done, and punished them for their disrespect to their father. Melusine was condemned to take the form of a serpent from the waist down every Saturday.


title: Melusine

text: Raymond or Raymondin of Poitou came across Melusine in a forest of Coulombiers in Poitou in France, and proposed marriage. Just as her mother had done, she laid a condition: that he must never enter her chamber on a Saturday. For many years Raymond kept his promise, and Melusine bore him ten sons and organized the construction of marvelous castles. However, Raymond was eventually goaded by a relative and grew suspicious of Melusine's activities on Saturday. He broke his promise and peeked into her chamber, where he saw Melusine bathing in half-serpent form. He kept his transgression a secret, until one of their now-adult sons murdered another. In front of his court, the grieving Raymond blamed Melusine and called her a "serpent." She then assumed the form of a dragon, provided him with two magic rings, and flew off, never to be seen again. She returned only at night to nurse her two youngest children, who were still infants.


title: Melusine

text: In folkloristics, German folklorist Hans-Jörg Uther classifies the Melusine tale and related legends as its own tale type of the Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index. In the German Folktale Catalogue (German: "Deutscher Märchenkatalog"), they are grouped under type *425O, "Melusine", part of a section related to tales where a human maiden marries a supernatural husband in animal form (Animal as Bridegroom).


title: Melusine

text: As in tales of swan maidens, shapeshifting and flight on wings away from oath-breaking husbands figure in stories about Mélusine. According to Sabine Baring-Gould in "Curious Tales of the Middle Ages", the pattern of the tale is similar to the Knight of the Swan legend which inspired the character "Lohengrin" in Wolfram von Eschenbach's "Parzival".


title: Melusine

text: Jacques Le Goff considered that Melusina represented a fertility figure: "she brings prosperity in a rural area...Melusina is the fairy of medieval economic growth".


title: Melusine

text: Melusine legends are especially connected with the northern areas of France, Poitou and the Low Countries, as well as Cyprus, where the French Lusignan royal house that ruled the island from 1192 to 1489 claimed to be descended from Melusine. Oblique reference to this was made by Sir Walter Scott who told a Melusine tale in "Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border" (1802–1803) stating that "the reader will find the fairy of Normandy, or Bretagne, adorned with all the splendour of Eastern description". The fairy Melusina, also, who married Guy de Lusignan, Count of Poitou, under condition that he should never attempt to intrude upon her privacy, was of this latter class. She bore the count many children, and erected for him a magnificent castle by her magical art. Their harmony was uninterrupted until the prying husband broke the conditions of their union, by concealing himself to behold his wife make use of her enchanted bath. Hardly had Melusina discovered the indiscreet intruder, than, transforming herself into a dragon, she departed with a loud yell of lamentation, and was never again visible to mortal eyes; although, even in the days of Brantome, she was supposed to be the protectress of her descendants, and was heard wailing as she sailed upon the blast round the turrets of the castle of Lusignan the night before it was demolished.


title: Melusine

text: The Counts of Luxembourg also claimed descent from Melusine through their ancestor Siegfried. When in 963 A.D. Count Siegfried of the Ardennes ("Sigefroi" in French; "Sigfrid" in Luxembourgish) bought the feudal rights to the territory on which he founded his capital city of Luxembourg, his name became connected with the local version of Melusine. This Melusina had essentially the same magic gifts as the ancestress of the Lusignans. The morning after their wedding, she magically created the Castle of Luxembourg on the Bock rock (the historical center point of Luxembourg City). On her terms of marriage, she too required one day of absolute privacy each week. Eventually Sigfrid was tempted by curiosity and entered her apartment on Saturday, when he saw her in her bath and discovered her to be a mermaid. He cried out in surprise, and Melusina and her bath sank into the earth. Melusine remained trapped in the rock but returns every seven years either as a woman or a serpent, carrying a golden key in her mouth. Anyone brave enough to take the key will free her and win her as his bride. Also every seven years, Melusine adds a stitch to a linen chemise; if she finishes the chemise before she can be freed, all of Luxembourg will be swallowed by the rock. In 1997, Luxembourg issued a postage stamp commemorating her.


title: Melusine

text: In his Table Talks, Martin Luther mentioned Melusina of Lucelberg (Luxembourg), whom he described as a succubus or the devil. Luther believed in stories like Melusine and attributed them to the devil appearing in female form to seduce men.


title: Melusine

text: The story of Melusine strongly influenced Paracelsus's writings on elementals and especially his description of water spirits. This, in turn, inspired Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué's novella "Undine" (1811), which led to adaptations and references in works such as Jean Giraudoux's play "Ondine" (1939), Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale The Little Mermaid (1837), and Antonín Dvořák's opera "Rusalka" (1901).


title: Melusine

text: In a legend set in the forest of Stollenwald, a young man meets a beautiful woman named Melusina who has the lower body of a snake. If he will kiss her three times on three consecutive days, she will be freed. However, on each day she becomes more and more monstrous, until the young man flees in terror without giving her the final kisses. He later marries another girl, but the food at their wedding feast is mysteriously poisoned with serpent venom and everyone who eats it dies.


title: Melusine

text: Melusine is one of the pre-Christian water-faeries who were sometimes responsible for changelings. The "Lady of the Lake", who spirited away the infant Lancelot and raised the child, was such a water nymph.


title: Melusine

text: A folktale tradition of a demon wife similar to Melusine appears in early English literature. According to the chronicler Gerald of Wales, Richard I of England was fond of telling a tale that he was a descendant of an unnamed countess of Anjou. In the legend, an early Count of Anjou encountered a beautiful woman from a foreign land. They were married and had four sons. However, the count became troubled because his wife only attended church infrequently, and always left in the middle of Mass. One day he had four of his men forcibly restrain his wife as she rose to leave the church. She evaded the men and, in full view of the congregation, flew out of the church through its highest window. She carried her two youngest sons away with her. One of the remaining sons was the ancestor of the later Counts of Anjou, their troublesome nature being the result of their demonic background.