title: Institute for the Study of War

text: The video documented the Iraq Surge as part of a population-centric counterinsurgency approach and features many of the top commanders and others responsible for its implementation—including Gen. Jack Keane (Ret.), Gen. David Petraeus, Amb. Ryan Crocker, Gen. Raymond Odierno, Gen. Nasier Abadi (Iraq), Col. Peter Mansoor (Ret.), Col. J.B. Burton, Col. Ricky Gibbs, Col. Bryan Roberts, Col. Sean MacFarland, Col. James Hickey, Col. David Sutherland, Col. Steven Townsend, Lt.-Col. James Crider, and Lt. James Danly (Ret.)


title: Institute for the Study of War

text: "The Surge: The Untold Story" was nominated for several awards and in 2010 was a winner of a Special Jury Award at the WorldFest film festival in Houston. It also won honors as the best documentary part of the Military Channel's Documentary Series at the GI Film Festival in Washington, D.C.


title: Institute for the Study of War

text: The Institute for the Study of War launched its Middle East Security Project in November 2011. The project seeks: to study the national security challenges and opportunities emerging from the Persian Gulf and wider Arab World; to identify ways the United States and Gulf States can check Iran's growing influence and contain the threat posed by its nuclear ambitions; to explain the shifting balance of power within the Middle East caused by recent upheaval, and assess the responses of the United States and Arab States to address these changes as they emerge. The Project currently is focused on Syria and Iran and also produced a series of reports during the Libyan Revolution.


title: Institute for the Study of War

text: ISW has chronicled the resistance to President Bashar al-Assad through a number of reports, including:


title: Institute for the Study of War

text: ISW released four reports on the conflict that overthrew Muammar Gaddafi between September 19, 2011 and December 6, 2011. The series was entitled "The Libyan Revolution" with each of the four parts focused on different stages in the struggle in order to chronicle the revolution from start to finish.


title: Institute for the Study of War

text: The Middle East Security Project has released reports on the status of the Iranian military as well as the influence that Iran has on its neighbors in the region. These reports include "Iran's Two Navies" and "Iranian Influence in the Levant, Egypt, Iraq, and Afghanistan" which was co-written with the American Enterprise Institute.


title: Institute for the Study of War

text: ISW's maps of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine have been republished by Reuters, the "Financial Times", the BBC, "The Guardian", "The New York Times", "The Washington Post", and "The Independent".


title: Institute for the Study of War

text: Some critics have described ISW as "a hawkish Washington" group favoring an "aggressive foreign policy". Writers for "The Nation" and "Foreign Policy" have called it "neoconservative".


title: Institute for the Study of War

text: In 2013 a senior analyst at the Institute, Elizabeth O'Bagy, was fired after it was revealed she did not have a doctorate from Georgetown University, and following criticism of the omission in an op-ed of her affiliation with the Syrian Emergency Task Force, a U.S.-based group that supports and lobbies for the moderate Syrian opposition. These generated controversy after O'Bagy's research for the Institute was cited in a U.S. Senate hearing on possible U.S. military intervention into Syria.


title: Bernard Lee

text: John Bernard Lee (10 January 190816 January 1981) was an English actor, best known for his role as M in the first eleven Eon-produced James Bond films. Lee's film career spanned the years 1934 to 1979, though he had appeared on stage from the age of six. He was trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London. Lee appeared in over one hundred films, as well as on stage and in television dramatisations. He was known for his roles as authority figures, often playing military characters or policemen in films such as "The Third Man", "The Blue Lamp", "The Battle of the River Plate", and "Whistle Down the Wind". He died of stomach cancer in 1981, aged 73.


title: Bernard Lee

text: Lee was born on 10 January 1908, the son of Nellie (née Smith) and Edmund James Lee. He was born in either County Cork in what is now the Republic of Ireland, or Brentford, Middlesex. Edmund, an actor, introduced his six-year-old son to the stage in 1914 in a sketch called "The Double Event" at the Oxford Music Hall in London. Lee attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, and worked as a fruit porter to pay his fees.


title: Bernard Lee

text: After graduating from RADA in the 1930s, Lee began working in repertory theatre in Cardiff and in Rusholme, Manchester, before beginning work on the West End stage in thrillers, such as "Blind Man's Bluff". He also played comedic roles, such as in the play "Ten Minute Alibi" with Arthur Askey.


title: Bernard Lee

text: Lee's screen debut was in "The Double Event" (1934), followed by a role as Cartwright in Berthold Viertel's "Rhodes of Africa" (1936), a biopic of Cecil Rhodes, in which he starred alongside Walter Huston, Oscar Homolka, and Basil Sydney. Although Lee was in wartime service in the army between 1940 and 1946, he had managed to act in several films earlier which were released between 1939 and 1943, including "Murder in Soho", "The Frozen Limits", and "Let George Do It!" (known in the US as "To Hell with Hitler", 1940) with George Formby.


title: Bernard Lee

text: Lee served with the Royal Sussex Regiment during the Second World War. While waiting to be demobbed he attended a golfing ladies' night where he met a producer. This subsequently led to his being offered a part in the play "Stage Door".


title: Bernard Lee

text: In the late 1940s, Lee returned to the stage whilst also developing a successful film career. He appeared in Herbert Wilcox's "The Courtneys of Curzon Street" (1947), playing a colonel alongside Anna Neagle, Michael Wilding and Daphne Slater; the film was a major success and became the biggest hit at the British box office of 1947. He developed a reputation for playing "solid, dependable characters such as policemen, serving officers or officials" in films such as "The Fallen Idol" (1948), "The Third Man" (1949), "The Blue Lamp" (1950), "Last Holiday" (1950), "Cage of Gold" (1950), "Mr. Denning Drives North" (1952), " White Corridors" (1951), "The Yellow Balloon" (1953), "Beat the Devil" (1953), and "Father Brown" (1954), and commanders, colonels, or brigadiers in films such as "Morning Departure" (1950), "Calling Bulldog Drummond" (1951), "Appointment with Venus" (1951), and many more. In John Huston's "Beat the Devil" (1953), Terence Pettigrew considers Lee to have been instrumental to the climax of the film, remarking that it was "left to Bernard Lee to inject a badly needed touch of earthiness at the end." In total, Lee appeared in over one hundred films during his career.


title: Bernard Lee

text: During the 1950s, Lee had a long run on stage, appearing as Able Seaman Turner in "Seagulls Over Sorrento", a role he later reprised in the film of the same name with Gene Kelly (released in the US as "Crest of the Wave"). Lee starred opposite Gregory Peck in "The Purple Plain" (1954), playing a Royal Air Force medical officer based in Burma during the late Second World War and portrayed Captain Patrick Dove in Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger's war film "The Battle of the River Plate" (1956), based upon the battle of the same name. He starred alongside John Gregson, Anthony Quayle and Peter Finch. George Lovell remarked that Captain Patrick Dove was played "ponderously by Bernard Lee, but he forms a much closer bond with the battleship's commander, Captain Langsdorff (Peter Finch)." The film was the fourth most popular film in Britain in 1957. Other films of this period include "The Spanish Gardener" (1956), "Dunkirk" (1958), "Beyond This Place" (1959), "Whistle Down the Wind" (1961), and "The L-Shaped Room" (1962).


title: Bernard Lee

text: In 1962 Lee was cast in the role that "The Illustrated Who's Who of the Cinema" described as his best remembered, playing the character of M, the head of the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6)—and the superior of James Bond—in the first Eon Productions film, "Dr. No". A number of writers have noted that Lee's interpretation of the character was in line with the original literary representation; Cork and Stutz observed that Lee was "very close to Fleming's version of the character", whilst Rubin commented on the serious, efficient, no-nonsense authority figure. Smith and Lavington, meanwhile, remarked that Lee was "the very incarnation of Fleming's crusty admiral." One American newspaper, "The Spokesman-Review", described Lee as "a real roast-beef-and-Yorkshire-pudding type of British actor". Murray Pomerance refers to Lee as a "paternal actor" in embodying this role. Terence Pettigrew, in his study "British film character actors: great names and memorable moments" agreed, noting that Lee was a "gruff, reliable, no-nonsense role character actor", with "kindly eyes, droll manner and expressly Anglo-Saxon level-headedness". In 1967, Lee appeared in "O.K. Connery", a spoof of the James Bond film series which starred Connery's brother Neil Connery, Lois Maxwell (Miss Moneypenny), and several former actors of the series. During this period he also appeared in several ITC television productions such as "The Baron", "Man in a Suitcase", and "Danger Man". In 1972, he portrayed Tarmut the sculptor in Terence Fisher's Hammer Horror picture "Frankenstein and the Monster from Hell", alongside Peter Cushing, Shane Briant, and David Prowse; it was not released until 1974.


title: Bernard Lee

text: On 30 January 1972, Lee's first wife, Gladys Merredew, died in a fire at their 17th-century home in Oare, Kent, which also left Lee hospitalised. According to the actor Jack Warner, "Bernard and Gladys had a lovely 17-century cottage in the Kent village of Oare, and it was there she died tragically in a fire early in 1972. Bernard and Gladys were trapped in their bedroom when the fire started on the ground floor. Bernard escaped through a window and ran to get a ladder in an attempt to rescue Gladys, but unhappily was unsuccessful. It was an awful end to a long and happy marriage." In February 1972, Lee was mugged and robbed by two youths. After the mugging and fire, Lee turned to drink, was unable to find work for two years, and ran into debt. By chance, Lee met Richard Burton in a pub, who, upon hearing of Lee's problems, gave him a cheque for $6,000 to clear his debts, together with a note saying that everyone has a spot of trouble once in a while. Burton's gift assisted Lee in overcoming his depression. In 1975, both Lee and Lois Maxwell accepted roles in their usual Bond characters in the poorly received French James Bond spoof, "From Hong Kong with Love".


title: Bernard Lee

text: Three years after the fire, Lee married television director's assistant Ursula McHale. Lee's first marriage produced a daughter, Ann, who also followed her father onto the stage, and did so with his blessing, Lee saying "She's doing what she wants to do and enjoying every moment of it." Ann later married Alan Miller, a stage actor and later stage manager at the BBC: their son is the British actor Jonny Lee Miller. Lee's hobbies included golf, fishing, reading, music and sailing.


title: Bernard Lee

text: In November 1980, Lee was admitted to the Royal Free Hospital in London, suffering from stomach cancer. He died there on 16 January 1981, six days after his 73rd birthday; his wife Ursula was present at his death. After his death, Ursula joined Exit (now Dignity in Dying) after witnessing Lee's suffering. Lee was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium on Friday, January 23, 1981.


title: Bernard Lee

text: Lee died after filming began on "For Your Eyes Only", but before he could film his scenes as M. Out of respect for Lee, no replacement was found, and the script was rewritten so that the character was said to be on leave. A year after Lee's death, Terence Pettigrew summarised his acting work as a "Gruff, reliable, no-nonsense role character actor, whose many credits include policemen, servicemen, father figures, and spy chiefs. Mostly shows the honest, hard-working face of officialdom, with only very occasional lapses." Lee was replaced in the role of M by Robert Brown, who acted with Lee in "The Spy Who Loved Me".


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: The Hyundai Genesis () is an executive four-door, five passenger, rear or all-wheel-drive full-size luxury sedan manufactured and marketed by Hyundai. The Hyundai Genesis debuted in 2008 until Genesis spun off as a separate entity in 2017, rebadging the vehicle as the G80. Introduced in concept form at the 2007 New York International Auto Show, and internally designated as the BH model, the Genesis was expected to cost $533 million to develop. Hyundai began marketing the first generation Genesis worldwide (except in Europe) in 2008 as a "premium sports sedan". The second generation Genesis (model DH) debuted in Seoul, Korea in November 2013 followed by the 2014 North American International Auto Show and Toronto Auto Show. It is marketed worldwide. On 4 November 2015, Hyundai officially separated Genesis into its own luxury division, Genesis Motor. The leap into a stand-alone, luxury brand came on the heels of marked success in the luxury market, paired with consumer demand for the Genesis name.


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: Introduced in March 2007 as the "Concept Genesis", the sedan was designed by Hyundai as a "progressive interpretation of the modern rear-wheel drive sports sedan". Hyundai conceived the idea for the Genesis in 2003. The body design took three years and the total cost of the program was $500 million over a development period of 23 months. Reliability testing ran for 800,000 miles.


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: Hyundai reportedly benchmarked the BMW 5 Series (E60) sedan during the Genesis' development; the company's press release indicates the Genesis body in white exceeds the BMW in torsional rigidity by 14%. The production Genesis sedan received a five-star crash rating in every category from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Hyundai markets the Genesis as offering "the performance of a BMW 5-Series and the interior packaging of a 7-Series at the price of a 3-Series".


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: Reviewing the Genesis 4.6 at its US introduction, automotive journalist Dan Neil called the absence of brand emblems at the front of the Genesis "a move that subverts the grammar of luxury".


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: The Genesis was announced in Seoul and later unveiled at the 2008 North American International Auto Show. The first generation was marketed worldwide except in the European market.


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: Equipment included a speed-sensitive rack-and-pinion steering, four-wheel disc brakes, multi-link front and 5-link rear suspension; and three engine choices, depending on market: A V8 with weight distribution of 53% front / 47% rear and two V6 engines with 52% front / 48% rear weight distribution.


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: At introduction in the US in summer 2008, standard features included cruise control, automatic headlights, dual-zone automatic air conditioning, leather seat-upholstery and steering wheel, heated front seats with power adjustments, power windows, door locks, and mirrors, remote keyless entry and starting, and a seven-speaker audio system with XM satellite radio.


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: The Tau V8 is Hyundai's first domestic V8 engine. For the 2008–09 model years, the 4.6 L engine produced at 6,500 rpm and at 3,500 rpm. Introduced as a midyear change for the 2010 model, the 4.6 L V8 now produces at 6,500 rpm, with no change in the torque output: at 3,500 rpm. These figures are achieved using premium fuel. The V8 can also run on regular unleaded, in which case the 2010–11 model produces and 324 lb-ft. For the V8 model, Hyundai has reported 0– times of less than 6 seconds. "Car and Driver" reports a 0–60 mph time of 5.3 seconds while "Motor Trend" reports a 0–60 mph time of 5.5 seconds in their October 2008 issue.


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: The Lambda 3.8 L V6 is available in Korean and North American models. In Korean spec, the engine produces . In US spec this engine produces at 6,200 rpm (up to 333 hp in GDi spec) and at 4,500 rpm. "Motor Trend" reports a 0–60 mph time of 5.9 seconds.


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: In North America, the 2009-2011 V8-powered Genesis features a standard ZF 6HP26 6-speed automatic transmission from ZF Friedrichshafen (same as the unit found in the 2004-2010 BMW 5 Series), with the V6 models receiving an Aisin B600 6-speed automatic. The recommended gasoline for the V8 is premium for maximum fuel economy and horsepower, but also runs on regular. The V6 engine is designed for regular grade gasoline.


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: Standard safety features include dual front airbags, front and rear side airbags, side-curtain airbags, ABS, brake assist, EBD, traction control, and electronic stability control.


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: As part of the US product launch, Hyundai Motor America and Carbonfund.org unveiled the Genesis Forest Project at the 2008 Los Angeles Auto Show, to offset the entire first year of emissions for all 2009 Hyundai Genesis sedans sold in the United States. The Genesis Forest Project was retroactively applied to all 2009 Genesis sedan sales, which began in June, and continue through the end of the year.


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: Sold as Hyundai Rohens in China, the unveiling was at the Beijing International Automotive Exhibition, 2008. Sales began in August 2008.


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: The Premium Navigation Package replaces the previous Premium Plus Package which most notably upgraded to 18-inch alloy wheels, still a part of this new package.


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: For 2010 the 4.6-liter Genesis was available in only one trim, with all packages made standard, including the Technology package. The car also received a slightly uprated engine as a midyear change, with the 4.6-litre V8 producing at 6500 rpm and an identical of torque at 3500 rpm.


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: This model includes the new Tau 5.0 GDi engine, choice of three exterior colors and black interior. Genesis 5.0 R-Spec includes Genesis 4.6 equipment, plus 19-inch Premium Machined Finish alloy wheels with P235/45R19 tires, Unique headlamps w/dark chrome inserts, Sport-tuned suspension calibration, Unique R-Spec embroidered floor mats, R-Spec rear deck lid badging, deleted woodgrain from leather steering wheel. The vehicle was unveiled in Seoul.


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: US model was released as 2012 model year vehicle. Engine choices include 3.8 Lambda GDi, 4.6 Tau MPi (390PS), 5.0 Tau GDi for R-Spec. The transmission was changed to 8-speed automatic with SHIFTRONIC.


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: The last changes to US models before the new generation was introduced included greater connectivity options via the Hyundai Blue Link interface, some revised controls, a new exterior body colour (Santiago Silver instead of Platinum Metallic), 18-inch wheels as standard on the base model, and Hyundai's Assurance Connected Care telematics services are standard for three years on all 2014 Genesis sedans equipped with Blue Link.


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: The vehicle was unveiled in Seoul, Korea, followed by the 2014 North American International Auto Show, then the 2014 Toronto Auto Show.


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: Early models include a choice of four engines (Lambda 3.0 GDi, Lambda 3.3 GDi, Lambda 3.8 GDi, Tau 5.0 GDi), rear or all-wheel-drive. All models include eight-speed automatic transmission with manual shift mode and a five star safety rating.


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: A full production version went on sale in South Korea on 8 January 2008 in Hyundai's home market, South Korea. Notably, the Korean market Genesis does not carry a Hyundai badge, only the 'Genesis' emblem.


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: Hyundai has been criticised by Korean consumers over the price discrepancy between the US and Korean markets. "Yonhap" reports the Genesis costs "₩58.3 million (US$57,000) in Korea, whereas in the U.S. it sells for $32,000." This has led to dumping allegations and a growing market in reimported Genesises by gray market dealers. Korean regulators are currently investigating whether Hyundai has abused its 75% domestic market share.


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: However, Hyundai cars in South Korea have more available options and that may be the reason for the mark-ups.


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: Marketed as the Hyundai Genesis in the US and Canada, the vehicle is the largest, most powerful car that Hyundai has ever marketed there before the launch of the Equus.


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: The Genesis sedan went on sale in the US in August 2008. In its first five months of sales, the Genesis under-performed in the competitive US market selling only 6,167 units. According to Hyundai, Genesis saw sales of just 1,297 units in its first full sales month and the company expected to move around 8000 units from the US showrooms by the end of 2008. In 2009, the Genesis sold 21,889 units in the U.S. (sedan and coupe combined).


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: There had been internal discussions within Hyundai about creating a separate brand to feature the Genesis sedan as well as the soon to come Equus sedan in North America, but due to prohibitive costs and potential delays the Genesis and Equus remained tagged with the Hyundai brand until 2016. In late 2016, The Genesis brand became separate from Hyundai in the United States.


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: The Genesis was not marketed at first in Europe because of Lexus's failure to thrive in Europe. According to a September 2007 article in Tradingmarkets.com, "in the eyes of European purchasers of luxury vehicles, Hyundai sedans have been perceived as having a poor image and unreliable durability compared with its rivals." "The planned launch of Genesis comes at a time when Hyundai is striving to shake off its poor-brand image, known for generous warranties and low prices."


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: The Genesis is sold in Latin America in Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Colombia, Chile and Peru, offering versions with engines of 3.3 and 3.8 liters, and in Brazil only with the 3.8 liters engine.


title: Hyundai Genesis

text: A rear wheel drive sports car from Hyundai, dubbed Hyundai Genesis Coupe and sharing the Genesis Sedan's platform and name, was unveiled at the 2008 New York International Auto Show.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: James W. "Jim" Gordon, Sr. is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, most commonly in association with the superhero Batman. Created by Bill Finger and Bob Kane as an ally of Batman, the character debuted in the first panel of "Detective Comics" #27 (May 1939), Batman's first appearance, making him the first Batman supporting character ever to be introduced, eventually succeeding him as Batman from 2015 to 2016.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: As the police commissioner of Gotham City, Gordon shares Batman's deep commitment to ridding the city of crime. The character is typically portrayed as having full trust in Batman and is even somewhat dependent on him. In many modern stories, he is somewhat skeptical of Batman's vigilante methods, but nevertheless believes that Gotham needs him. The two have a mutual respect and tacit friendship. Gordon is the father or adoptive father (depending on the continuity) of Barbara Gordon, the second Batgirl and the information broker Oracle. Jim Gordon also has a biological son, James Gordon Jr., a psychopathic serial killer who first appeared in "" (as an infant).


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: One of Batman's most notable and enduring allies, Gordon has appeared in various forms of non-comics media; he has been voiced in animation and video games by Bob Hastings, Bryan Cranston, Jonathan Banks, and Christopher Meloni among others, and has been portrayed in live-action by Lyle Talbot in the "Batman and Robin" 1949 serial, Neil Hamilton in the 1960s "Batman" show and film, Pat Hingle in the Tim Burton/Joel Schumacher "Batman" film series, Gary Oldman in "The Dark Knight Trilogy", Ben McKenzie in "Gotham", J. K. Simmons in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU) film "Justice League" and its director's cut, and Jeffrey Wright in "The Batman". In 2011, Jim Gordon was ranked 19th in IGN's "Top 100 Comic Book Heroes".


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: Created by Bill Finger and Bob Kane, Gordon debuted in the first panel of "Detective Comics" #27 (May 1939), in which he is referred to simply as Commissioner Gordon. The character's name was taken from the earlier pulp character Commissioner James W. "Wildcat" Gordon, also known as "The Whisperer", created in 1936 by Henry Ralston, John Nanovic, and Lawrence Donovan for Street & Smith.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: Of Scottish descent, Gordon had served in the United States Marine Corps prior to becoming a police officer. In most versions of the "Batman" mythos, Jim Gordon is at one point or another depicted as commissioner of the Gotham City Police Department. Gordon frequently contacts Batman for help in solving various crimes, particularly those committed by supervillains. Generally it is Gordon who uses the Bat-signal to summon Batman, and it has become a running joke of sorts that the Dark Knight will often disappear in the middle of the discussion when Gordon's back is turned. Gordon is usually depicted with silver or red hair, eyeglasses, and a mustache. In most incarnations, he is seen wearing a trenchcoat, necktie, and on occasion, a fedora hat. He is also sometimes pictured with a cane, although it is not revealed why he uses it. Because DC Comics retconned its characters' history in the 1985 miniseries "Crisis on Infinite Earths", and because of different interpretations in television and film, the details of Gordon's history vary from story to story.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In the original pre-Crisis version of his history, Gordon is a police detective who initially resents the mysterious vigilante's interference in police business. He first appears in "Detective Comics" #27, in the very first Batman story, in which they both investigate the murder of a chemical industrialist. Although Batman fights on the side of justice, his methods and phenomenal track record for stopping crimes and capturing criminals embarrasses the police by comparison. Eventually, Batman meets up with Gordon and persuades the detective that they need each other's help. Gordon deputizes Batman, and thereafter the Dark Knight works with Gordon as an agent of the law.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In "Batman Special" #1, it is revealed that Gordon, as a young cop, shot and killed two robbers in self-defense in front of their son. The results of this event would lead the boy to become the first Wrath, a cop killer with a costume and motif inspired by Batman, who would come after Gordon for revenge years later.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: The post-Crisis version of the character was introduced in the 1987 storyline "", written by Frank Miller. In this version, James W. Gordon is transferred back to Gotham City after spending more than 15 years in Chicago. A man of integrity, Gordon finds that Batman is his only ally against the corrupt administration, which is in the pocket of mob boss Carmine Falcone. One of the most significant differences in this version is that Batman is never deputized and Gordon's relationship with him is kept out of the public eye whenever possible. It is also added that he is a special forces veteran who is capable in hand-to-hand combat; he retaliates against an intimidation attempt by corrupt fellow officers with equal violence. He is depicted as having an extra-marital affair with a fellow detective, Sarah Essen. Gordon breaks off their affair after being blackmailed by the corrupt police commissioner, Gillian B. Loeb. Falcone sends his nephew, Johnny Viti, to kill Gordon's wife and son; Batman saves them, however, and helps Gordon expose Loeb's corruption. After Loeb resigns, Gordon is promoted to captain.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: The 1998 miniseries "Gordon of Gotham" takes place nearly 20 years prior to the current events of the DC Universe and two months before his arrival in Gotham in "Batman: Year One". It reveals that Gordon, during his tenure in Chicago, struggled with his wife over conceiving a child while taking night classes in criminology. He becomes a minor celebrity after a foiling a late-night robbery attempt. When he decides to investigate a corrupt fellow officer, however, the officer and his cronies assault him, and the police department discredits him in order to cover up the scandal. Gordon then uncovers evidence of rigging in the city council election and brings down two of his fellow officers, which leads to his commander transferring him to Gotham.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: The story "Wrath Child", published in "Batman Confidential" issues 13–16, retcons Gordon's origin yet again: in this continuity, Gordon started his career in Gotham, but transferred to Chicago after shooting a corrupt cop and his wife (the parents of the original Wrath). The transfer was arranged by Loeb, then a captain, in an attempt to keep himself and his fellow corrupt cops from being exposed. Loeb threatens the future Wrath's life in order to force Gordon to comply with the transfer. Gordon later transfers back to Gotham around the same time Batman starts his career.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: While still a lieutenant, Gordon convinces Loeb's successor to implement the Bat-Signal as a means to contact Batman and also to frighten criminals. It is around this time that the first Robin, Dick Grayson, becomes Batman's sidekick. Gordon initially disapproves of Batman recruiting a child to fight dangerous criminals, but soon grows to not only accept the boy but trust him as much as he does Batman.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: Gordon quickly rises to the rank of commissioner after he and Batman weed out corruption within the department. After the death of his brother and sister-in-law, he adopts his niece, Barbara. Soon after he adopts Barbara, he divorces his wife, who returned to Chicago with their son James Jr., while he retains custody of Barbara, who eventually becomes Batgirl. Gordon quickly deduces the heroine's true identity, and attempts to confront her about it, going so far as to search her bedroom for proof. However, he was semi-tricked out of this belief, when Batman (after sanctioning Batgirl officially) had Robin dress up as Batgirl while Barbara is on the roof with her father. Gordon would continue to believe his daughter is indeed Batgirl, but would not confront her about it again, until years later.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In the 1988 graphic novel "", the Joker kidnaps Gordon after shooting and paralyzing Barbara. He then cages Gordon in the freak show of an abandoned amusement park and forces him to look at enlarged photos of his wounded daughter in an effort to drive him insane, thus proving to Batman that even seemingly normal people can lose their minds after having "one bad day". Batman eventually apprehends the Joker and rescues Gordon. Despite the intense trauma he has endured, Gordon's sanity and ethical code are intact; he insists that Batman apprehend the Joker without harming him in order to "show him that our way works".


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: Soon after Sarah Essen returns to Gordon's life, they rekindle their romance and get engaged. However, Essen cannot comprehend why Gordon needs Batman so much, which occasionally puts a strain on their relationship. Later, Gordon suffers a heart attack; his chain-smoking over the years has weakened his heart. This event later lead DC Comics to partner with the American Heart Association to create a public service announcement to raise awareness of the danger of tobacco smoking and how it would threaten one's health.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In "" Annual #2, shortly before their planned wedding, former Lieutenant Arnold Flass (Gordon's former partner) beats Gordon and kidnaps James Jr. for ransom in exchange for letting a corrupt judge go free. Batman saves James Jr., while Gordon, Essen, Flass and the judge are trapped and must work together to escape.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: For a brief period following the "" and "Prodigal" storylines, Gordon is removed from his post as commissioner and replaced by his own wife, due partly to his own disinclination to trust Batman after two substitutes — Jean-Paul Valley and Dick Grayson — assume the role and do not bother to tell him about the switch.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: The "No Man's Land" storyline takes place after Gotham is destroyed by an earthquake and isolated from outside assistance. Inside Gotham, Gordon struggles to maintain order in the midst of a crime wave. Batman is mysteriously absent for the initial three months, and Gordon feels betrayed. He forges an uneasy alliance with Two-Face, but the partnership does not last; Two-Face kidnaps Gordon, putting him on trial for breaking their "legally binding" alliance. Gordon escapes, however, and later meets with Batman once again. In this confrontation, Gordon berates Batman for letting Gotham "fall into ruin". Batman offers to prove his trust by revealing his secret identity, but Gordon refuses to look when Batman removes his mask. Eventually, the two repair their friendship.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: At the end of the "No Man's Land" storyline, the Joker kills Sarah Essen-Gordon. An enraged Gordon barely restrains himself from killing Joker, shooting the madman in the knee instead. Not long afterward, Gordon is shot by a criminal seeking revenge for a previous arrest. Though seriously injured, he survives, and eventually makes a full recovery.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: Gordon retires from the police force after having served for more than 20 years. He remains in Gotham, and occasionally enjoys nighttime visits from Batman. Despite being retired, Gordon often finds himself drawn to a series of life-and-death circumstances, such as the Joker sending him flowers during "Last Laugh", or being contacted by the temporarily reformed Harvey Dent to stop Batman from killing the Joker, to being kidnapped by Francis Sullivan, grandson of one of Gotham's notorious serial killers, during the "Made of Wood" storyline. After the attack by Sullivan, Batman gives Gordon an encrypted cellphone, the so-called Batphone, in case he needs to contact him, which also carries a transmitter in case of trouble. He also still has contacts with the country's law enforcement agencies, through which the sheriff's departments request Gordon to contact Batman for help investigating a series of unusual murders on a suburb territory outside the city's limits; it turns out to be a paranormal case involving black magic, occult rituals, and the supernatural. Commissioner Michael Akins has taken his position, with many officers expressing reluctance to follow him out of loyalty to Gordon.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: After Barbara requires surgery to counter the life-threatening effects of the Brainiac virus, Gordon visits her in Metropolis. She reveals to him her current role as Oracle, as well as her past as Batgirl. Gordon admits that he knew of her life as Batgirl, but is pleasantly surprised to know of her second career as Oracle.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: As part of DC's "One Year Later", Gordon has once again become Gotham's police commissioner. He rebuilds the Bat-Signal, but still carries the mobile Batphone that Batman gave him. The circumstances behind this are currently unknown, though there have been allusions to extreme corruption within the GCPD. These allusions are supported by events within "Gotham Central", especially involving Detective Jim Corrigan. Gordon survives an attempt on his life by the Joker ("Batman" #655), who had drugged him with Joker Venom in an attack on the GCPD. He is taken to the hospital in time.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: During the "Blackest Night" crossover, while mourning the passing of the original Batman, who was apparently killed in action during "Final Crisis", Gordon and his daughter witness Green Lantern crash into the Bat-Signal, after being assaulted by a reanimated version of the deceased Martian Manhunter. After offering the hero a spare car, the Gordons then find themselves fighting for their lives against the reanimated versions of the original Batman's rogues gallery at Gotham Central, where Gordon makes short work of serial killer Abattoir (in Black Lantern form) with a shotgun. They are rescued by the current Dark Knight, Robin, Red Robin, and Deadman, but are later attacked by Batman and Red Robin's parents, the reanimated Graysons and the Drakes. While Batman and Red Robin battle the Black Lanterns, Robin takes the Gordons to their underground base. It is later shown that Alfred Pennyworth tends his wounds (Gordon is unconscious, thus protecting the team's secret identities) along with Barbara's at the bunker's infirmary.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In September 2011, The New 52 rebooted DC's continuity. In this new timeline, Jim Gordon is still the commissioner of the GCPD and a former Marine but is younger than his traditional portrayal; he still has the red hair and mustache from "Batman: Year One". He is still married to his wife Barbara, and he and Barbara are the biological parents of Barbara "Babs" Gordon (a.k.a. Batgirl).


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: During the "Forever Evil" storyline, commissioner Gordon enters Blackgate Penitentiary in order to save the warden. When a turf war erupts between the Arkham inmates, Gordon helps to evacuate the citizens from Gotham City.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In "Batman Eternal", the storyline begins when Gordon is tricked into shooting at an unarmed suspect in an underground train station, resulting in a train derailing and Gordon being arrested. While incarcerated, Gordon is visited by his son, who makes arrangements to leave his father's cell open and provide him with an opportunity to escape Blackgate, believing that his father's actions are the result of him at least subconsciously acknowledging the 'truth' that Gotham is beyond saving and his attempts to be a hero are pointless. However, despite his doubts, Gordon decides to remain in prison, concluding that Gotham is still worth saving and simply musing that he may just be getting old and made a mistake. Although villains such as the Penguin attempt to attack Gordon while in prison, Gordon uses Batman's example to inspire fear in his 'fellow inmates' with minimal effort until he is released as the final assault on Gotham begins, proceeding to rally all of Gotham to stand up and take back their city to aid Batman for everything he has ever done for them.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: Following Bruce Wayne's apparent death in battle with the Joker during the events of "Batman" (vol. 2) #40, Gordon took up the mantle of Batman using a mecha style suit to fight crime in Gotham City. Gordon first appears as Batman in "Divergence" #1, a DC Comics 2015 Free Comic Book Day issue, in which he is shown to be sponsored by the mega-corp Powers International. He also notes that this is "the worst idea in the history of Gotham", as he suits up, but agreed to the offer when various sources argued that there was nobody else capable of understanding Gotham the way Batman had done over the years, Gordon contemplating the merits of a Batman who works with the system rather than outside it. However, he begins to recognize the problems of this approach when he discovers that some of his past arrests have been murdered while out on parole and he is forbidden from investigating the crime himself. Gordon later meets the currently-depowered Superman when Clark comes to Gotham to investigate evidence that the weapons currently being used against him were created in Gotham, but their initial meeting results in a fight as Superman doesn't believe that Gordon is the new Batman and Gordon doubts Superman due to him currently working with Luthor. Although Gordon doubts Superman's abilities as a hero due to his current powerless state, he eventually works with Superman to stop Vandal Savage stealing an artificial sun created in Gotham to use as part of his latest plan, their alliance helping Gordon recognize Superman's continued merits as a hero while Superman in turn acknowledges that the new Batman gets the job done. Gordon later works with the Justice League to investigate the death of a large monster, the heroes noting after the case has concluded that Batman's high opinion of Gordon's abilities as a detective were well-founded. Despite Gordon's best efforts, political issues in the department result in new villain Mr. Bloom destroying his armour and mounting a massive assault on Gotham after seriously injuring Gordon, prompting the amnesic Bruce Wayne — ironically inspired by a conversation with the equally — amnesiac Joker — to try and reclaim his role as Batman. The crisis concludes with Bloom defeated by the returned Batman using some of Gordon's equipment while working with his old ally. The return of the true Batman prompts the GCPD to shut down the program and restore Gordon to his role as commissioner, Gordon musing that the world needs Batman to face its nightmares so that normal human beings can learn to cope with the more regular problems.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In June 2016, the "DC Rebirth" event relaunched DC Comics' entire line of comic book titles, in which Jim Gordon has a continued role in "Detective Comics" and the third volume of "Batman". In December 2017, DC Comics ended the "Rebirth" branding, opting to include everything under a larger "DC Universe" banner and naming, and Gordon continues to be featured in "Detective Comics" and the third volume of "Batman". For a time Gordon is corrupted by the toxin used by The Batman Who Laughs, an alternate version of Batman contaminated by the chemicals that drove the Joker insane, but Batman is able to get help from Superman in capturing Gordon and the other infected heroes until a cure can be found.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In 2021, DC began publishing a new "Joker" series. The first story arc (at least through the first six issues) is told primarily from Gordon's perspective. He has retired from public service and agrees to look for Joker on behalf of a secretive organization. His daughter Barbara provides intelligence and communications support.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In most versions of the mythos, Gordon is ignorant of Batman's identity. There is usually the implication that Gordon is intelligent enough to solve the mystery, but chooses not to in order to preserve Batman's effectiveness and maintain his own plausible deniability. In the 1966 "Batman" film, Gordon explicitly states his desire not to know for just such a reason.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In the pre-Crisis era, a 1952 story (Batman #71) shows Gordon trying to uncover Batman's identity merely for his own satisfaction, but Batman discovers Gordon's scheme and skillfully outwits him. A later story in the 1960s shows Gordon giving a bedridden Bruce Wayne (who had contracted a nearly fatal fever as Batman) "Chinese oranges", a natural treatment for the fever. Later, Bruce opines to Dick Grayson if it is possible that Gordon is beginning to suspect Batman's identity.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In "", Gordon claims not to see the unmasked Batman well (whom his wife at that time, Barbara, also sees) because he wasn't wearing his eyeglasses. Gordon suspects that Bruce Wayne may be Batman, though he never follows up on his suspicions. In "", Gordon has implied he deliberately avoids deep investigation on the subject of Batman or Batgirl's identity.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: Likewise, in the 1980s "Detective Comics" storyline "Blind Justice", the world at large incorrectly supposes Batman is dead and Gordon comments to Bruce Wayne that Batman has earned the right to retirement if he so desires. He then rather pointedly asks Bruce's advice on whether or not he should reveal that Batman still lives.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: When Hugo Strange attempted to determine Batman's identity early in his career (in a story written in the post-"Crisis" era), he began his research by focusing on muggings and murders committed in the last few years based on the idea that Batman was prompted into his current role by a traumatic loss as a result of criminal activity, prompting Gordon – upon learning of Strange's research – to reflect that Strange had already made a mistake as he was underestimating the physical demands that would be required for Batman to have reached his current level of skill by looking at crimes committed such a short time ago, suggesting that Gordon had already considered such an avenue of investigation (even if he may or may not have followed it up). A chronologically later storyline involving Strange pre-Crisis involved Alfred being hospitalized as part of Strange's scheme, and during a conversation between Gordon and Batman over the phone after Strange's defeat, Gordon pointedly tells Batman to inform an unnamed 'mutual acquaintance' that Gordon has checked on the acquaintance's friend in the hospital and the doctors expect a full recovery.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: During "No Man's Land", Batman attempts to regain Gordon's trust by revealing his identity. Gordon refuses to look at him after he removes the cowl, however, stating that if he wanted to know Batman's identity, he could have figured it out years ago, and even cryptically saying, "And for all you know, maybe I did."


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: During the "Hush" story arc, while working with Superman, Batman discusses whether or not Perry White has figured out Superman's secret identity. Theorizing that White is too good a reporter to not have figured it out, he draws the same comparison to himself and Gordon, stating that Gordon is too good a detective to not have figured it out. In that same story arc, Gordon, in an attempt to stop Batman from killing the Joker, tells Batman to remember who his role models are (his parents) and the beliefs they instilled in him. As well, he asks Batman to remember who and what made him who he is, a rather obvious reference to the criminal who gunned down his parents in front of him, suggesting that Gordon knows that Bruce Wayne is Batman.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: Barbara reveals her identities to her father in "Birds of Prey" #89. Gordon then reveals that he was well aware of her status as Batgirl all along, though he purposefully avoided looking into what she was doing after she was paralyzed. Batman chides her for revealing herself, saying it was a mistake, but she counters that, while he taught her to fight criminals, it was her father who taught her to be human.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In "Blackest Night: Batman", Gordon is present when Deadman refers to the current Batman as "Grayson" and after the current Robin took Gordon and his daughter to the new Batman's underground base. It is implied that Gordon is unconscious when they meet Alfred Pennyworth.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: At the conclusion of "Batman: The Black Mirror", Gordon strongly implies to Dick Grayson that he is aware of the secret identities of Grayson and the Waynes, when he thanks Grayson for everything he had done for him over the course of the story. Grayson attempts to brush this off, thinking Gordon meant only the forensic assistance he had given, from which Gordon cuts him off, saying "I mean, thank you. On all fronts." A long moment of silence follows, and Grayson accepts his thanks.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: During Gordon's brief career as Batman when Bruce was suffering total amnesia after his temporary death in his last fight with the Joker, Gordon meets with Bruce Wayne and introduces himself as Batman, noting how strange it is to be saying that to Bruce, but his response could suggest that he considers it strange based on the public perception that Bruce Wayne was Batman's financial backer rather than making it clear that he knows who Bruce was. After Bruce is forced to sacrifice his new persona to download his old memories as Batman into his mind to save Gotham from new villain Mr. Bloom, Gordon apologizes for making Batman come back, noting that his friend was at peace while he was away, and starts to call him 'B...' before stopping himself, but Batman ignores the near-name in favor of assuring Gordon that the man he might have been without Batman died long ago.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In Frank Miller's "The Dark Knight Returns", Gordon and Bruce Wayne are portrayed as close friends in their civilian identities, with Gordon having discovered Batman's identity years before around the time of Bruce's retirement in his mid-forties (Bruce is explicitly identified as being 55 at the time of the story).


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In the "" storyline, which takes place in 2039, Captain Jim Gordon, grandson of commissioner Gordon, finds an old laptop in the attic of a country home owned by Gordon and discovers a secret file which he assumes contains long-lost information on Batman. After unsuccessfully trying numerous passwords with relevance to the Batman universe he inputs "Bruce Wayne" and is granted access to the file contents.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In the "Flashpoint" universe, Gordon knows about Thomas Wayne's identity as Batman and works with him in both his identities.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In the "" trilogy in the Elseworlds series, Gordon is shown to be aware of Batman's connection to Alfred Pennyworth by the second graphic novel in the trilogy, working with Alfred as Batman succumbs to his new, darker nature, but his knowledge of Batman's identity as Bruce Wayne is virtually irrelevant as Batman had abandoned his life as Bruce Wayne after he was transformed into a full vampire while fighting Dracula.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: As in most continuities, Gordon decides in the Christopher Nolan trilogy that he prefers to remain ignorant of Batman's identity and agrees that his anonymity – even in death – has sociological value. Immediately prior to Batman's apparent self-sacrifice near the end of "The Dark Knight Rises", Gordon learns the truth when Batman makes a reference to Gordon's kindness to him as a child. Following Batman's apparent death in a nuclear detonation, Gordon attends Wayne's empty-casket burial with Blake and Wayne's/Batman's confidants, Alfred Pennyworth and Lucius Fox.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In Sean Murphy's "", the Joker – now known as Jack Napier – is cured of his mental illness and legally prosecutes Gordon and the GCPD, holding them accountable for cooperating with Batman for decades. As a member of the city council, Napier suggests redrecting funds dedicated to repairing damages to the city caused by Batman to the GCPD and argues that Batman should have shared his technology with the GCPD long ago. Napier's arguments cause a rift between Gordon and Batman, ending with Batman unmasking himself to Gordon in order to regain his trust. Initially, Gordon discourages Batman from revealing his secret identity to the public, but in the sequel, "", Gordon changes his mind when the Joker publicly reveals Batgirl's secret identity, believing that this would not have happened if Batman had publicly unmasked. Even though Gordon expresses regret over blaming Batman for the Joker's actions, they never get a chance to reconcile as Gordon is murdered shortly thereafter by Azrael.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In Pre-Crisis continuity, Jim Gordon is the biological father of Anthony "Tony" Gordon. Originally referred to as a college student, Tony later disappears while hiding from Communist spies. He is later reunited with his sister, Barbara, and dies in a battle with the Sino-Supermen ("Batman Family" #12, "Detective Comics" #482). In Post-Crisis continuity, there has been no mention of Tony Gordon.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: Barbara "Barb" Gordon is the biological daughter of James "Jim" Gordon in Pre-Crisis continuity. She also leads a double life as a librarian and as costumed crimefighter Batgirl. Barbara is also the link of the DC Universe Oracle. Her father is aware of her crime-fighting career and is proud of her for it.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: Barbara Eileen Kean is Gordon's ex-wife and mother of Barbara Gordon in Post-Crisis continuity. Her history and existence has been repeatedly retconned over the years, sometimes implying that she died in a car crash, other times that she left Gotham with James for Chicago. During the New 52 era, Barbara left her family because she was afraid that James Jr. would hurt his sister. Several years later, she returns to Gotham in the hopes of re-connecting with her daughter.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In "", Detective Gordon has a brief affair with Detective Sarah Essen. Gordon tries to rebuild his relationship with his family after Essen leaves Gotham.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: Gordon and his wife, Barbara Kean are the parents of a son named James Gordon Jr. (). James Jr. and his mother moved to Chicago after she divorced the elder Gordon. After his introduction in "", the character appeared almost exclusively in comics set during the Year One era, and went virtually unmentioned in present day. Scott Snyder's story "Batman: The Black Mirror" reintroduced James Jr. as an adult, and establishes that he is a sociopath who tortures and kills for pleasure. He is institutionalized as a teenager after he disfigures a school bus driver who insulted him. After he is released years later, he commits a series of brutal murders, while trying to frame the Joker for his crimes. After nearly killing his mother, and capturing his step-sister, James Jr. is apprehended by his father and Batman (Dick Grayson), and institutionalized in Arkham.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In The New 52, James Jr. appears in the "Batgirl" series. He escapes from Arkham, and begins stalking his sister, whom he views as a rival for his father's affection. The series reveals that he deliberately caused the divorce of his parents: he killed a cat his mother had bought for Barbara and then threatened to kill his sister if she did not leave the family and threatened to kill Barbara if she tried to contact them ever again.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: A different version of James Gordon Jr. appears briefly in the films "Batman Begins" and "The Dark Knight", in which he is portrayed as the young son of James and Barbara. In the latter film, Two-Face tries to kill the boy in order to get back at Gordon, whom he blames for the death of his fiancée, Rachel Dawes. Batman saves James Jr. by tackling Two-Face off of a roof, killing him.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: Sarah Essen ("Batman" Annual #13, "Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight" Annual #2) was first referenced as Gordon's wife during the future tale "The Dark Knight Returns". She first appeared fully in "Batman: Year One" as a co-worker with whom Gordon has an extra-marital affair. After realizing they could not be together, she transferred out of state. Years after his divorce, Sarah returns to Gotham, and the two renew their relationship. After marrying Gordon, Sarah is murdered by Joker at the end of the "No Man's Land" storyline. "Flashpoint" altered the events in the DC Universe's timeline, so during The New 52 era, Sarah's marriage to Gordon never happened. However, starting with 2016's DC Rebirth, characters have begun to remember pre-New 52 events. As such, in "The Joker" (vol. 2) #6, Jim Gordon refers to Barbara Kean Gordon as his first wife, which implies that he married another woman after her.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: Jim Gordon appears in the limited series "", which presents a future where a retiring Gordon not only knows Batman's identity, but is good friends with Bruce Wayne. He then makes a cameo on "". Now retired, he has written a book about Batman, who is believed to be dead.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: Gordon is also referred to in the first issue of the series, "All Star Batman and Robin the Boy Wonder", set in the same universe as and prior to "The Dark Knight Returns". He made a full appearance on issue #6, as a police captain, having a conversation with his ex-partner, Sarah Essen, about Batman. He's still married to Barbara Kean, who is now an alcoholic, and has a troubled son, James Jr. Just as other continuities, his daughter, Barbara, who is 15, becomes Batgirl. Frank Miller has commented that the series is set in his Dark Knight Universe, which includes all of the Batman works by Frank Miller, therefore Barbara's inclusion confirms that Gordon had two children during "Batman: Year One", at least in Miller's version of the continuity. At the end of the series, it's implied that, despite being married to Barbara Kean, he's still in love with Sarah.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: On the , where the evil Crime Syndicate of America live, Commissioner Gordon's counterpart is a crime boss named "Boss Gordon", an ally to Owlman. Boss Gordon is the city's leading crime boss until his empire is toppled by Batman and commissioner Thomas Wayne.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In a world where Superman was never found by the Kents, reference is made to Gordon having been murdered shortly before the events of the story, resulting in Gotham's police department being granted extra powers of authority in his absence, although these are never fully explained.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In the Elseworlds title "", Jim Gordon is an alcoholic hard-boiled private detective who had left the police force following a failure to solve the disappearance of a judge. He is Selina Kyle's former lover and Bruce Wayne's wartime partner.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In the Elseworlds story "", Jim Gordon is an honest cop who distrusts Green Lantern (who in this reality is Bruce Wayne) because of his near-limitless power. Lantern comes to Gordon in order to find the identity of the man who killed his parents, but Gordon rebukes him. Later on, he changes his mind and starts investigating, but he is then interrupted and killed by Sinestro, who ruptures his heart.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In the "Vampire Batman" Elseworlds trilogy that began with "", Gordon learns that a coven of vampires, led by Count Dracula himself, is behind a series of murders. Dracula captures him, but he defies the vampire even as he is bled from a cut on his neck, with Batman arriving in time to save Gordon from bleeding to death before confronting Dracula, the Dark Knight now a vampire himself thanks to the aid of renegade vampires opposing Dracula. In the sequel "Batman: Bloodstorm", as Batman acts alone while struggling to resist his thirst for blood, Gordon and Alfred collaborate to form a team to eliminate a new family of vampires in daylight while they sleep, but even after the other vampires have been destroyed, Gordon and Alfred are forced to stake Batman after he succumbs to his thirst and drains the 's blood. The third part of the trilogy— "Batman: Crimson Mist"— sees Gordon and Alfred forced to work with Two-Face and Killer Croc to stop the vampire Batman, returned from the staking and having already targeted and killed Penguin, Riddler, Scarecrow and Poison Ivy, Gordon grimly stating that, even if he is only killing criminals, the man they knew would never have killed. The story concludes with Gordon being crushed by debris from the Batcave roof after explosives are planted to destroy it, thus exposing Batman to the sunlight and ending his reign of terror.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In "Lord Havok and the Lord Havok and the Extremists" #3, an alternate version of Gordon, known as Zombie Gordon is featured as part of Monarch's army. A flesh-hungry beast, Zombie Gordon is kept in line by Bat-Soldier, via a large chain.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In the alternate timeline of the "Flashpoint" event, James Gordon is the chief of police, instead of being commissioner, and also works with Thomas Wayne, the "Flashpoint" version of Batman. Later, Gordon tries to convince Batman that he does not have to fight villains by himself, but Batman refuses. When Gordon locates Martha Wayne (this continuity's version of the Joker) in old Wayne Manor, he goes in without backup. Gordon is then tricked into shooting Harvey Dent's daughter, having been disguised as Joker, as she had been taped to a chair and had her mouth taped shut with a smile painted on the tape. Martha then appears and slashes Gordon's throat, and Gordon dies by Joker venom.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In the graphic novel by Geoff Johns and Gary Frank, "", Jim Gordon is featured as a central character. In the story, he's a broken man who has given up on fighting corruption until the emergence of Batman. He is also partnered with a young Harvey Bullock. On the trail of the "Birthday Boy" killings, Gordon and Batman put aside their differences and stop the killer while saving Gordon's daughter Barbara. In the sequel, Gordon begin his alliance with Batman to combat the Riddler, who plots to takeover the remnant of Oswald Cobblepott's criminal empire. He is also being promoted as police captain after he arrested his corrupted predecessor.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In the prequel to the video game "", Gordon learns via Superman's x-ray vision that he has terminal lung cancer. Later on he, Bullock and Montoya join forces with Batman's Insurgency to fight the Regime, and together they attack the Hall of Justice. Batman's inside man Lex Luthor notes that Gordon's cancer is worsening due his taking "super pills" that give people superhuman abilities. Gordon takes two of the super pills to save Barbara from Cyborg on the Watchtower, as he is scanning to find her location, accelerating the cancer to the point that he has only minutes to live. After the battle, Gordon thanks Batman and says goodbye to Barbara as he dies, looking down on the Earth.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In the "" miniseries, printed under the DC Black Label, Gordon is seen questioning a homeless man who had apparently witnessed the showdown between Batman and the Joker that led to Joker's death. Gordon is next seen at the police standoff with Harley Quinn and the rest of the Joker's henchmen, attempting in vain to get them to stand down.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: When the "Infinite Frontier" event happened, Earth 3 was rebooted. Like the version seen in "JLA: Earth 2", Jim Gordon operated as a crime boss. After his son Jimmy Jr. was killed by criminals Thomas Wayne and Martha Wayne, Boss Gordon sent his minion Harvey Bullock to kill them which also led to Harvey also killing Bruce and leaving Thomas Wayne Jr. alive. Thomas Wayne Jr. in the identity of Owlman would later learn of this motive when he captures Harvey Bullock years later.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In the universe where the films "Batman" (1989) and "Batman Returns" is set, it is retroactively established in the comic book miniseries "Batman '89" that Pat Hingle's iteration of Gordon was the patrolman who found and comforted Bruce in the alley where his parents were murdered. He is later killed by Billy Dee Williams's Harvey Dent after the character becomes Two-Face.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: In the Tim Burton/Joel Schumacher film adaptations of Batman, Commissioner Gordon is portrayed by Pat Hingle.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: Gordon was planned for the aborted reboot "" written by Darren Aronofsky and Frank Miller. In this script Gordon has lived in Gotham for years, and is trying to leave for the sake of his pregnant wife; also Gordon's wife is renamed Ann, instead of Barbara, and Gordon's character would have been suicidal.


title: Jim Gordon (character)

text: Commissioner Gordon is a supporting character in the "" franchise where he is voiced by Tom Kane in "Arkham Asylum", Rick D. Wasserman as a young man in a flashback in "Arkham Asylum", David Kaye in "Arkham City", Michael Gough in "Arkham Origins" and Jonathan Banks in "Arkham Knight".


title: 2010 Philippine presidential election

text: The 2010 Philippine presidential and vice presidential elections were held on Monday, May 10, 2010. The ruling President of the Philippines, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, was ineligible to seek re-election as per the 1987 Constitution, thus necessitating an election to select the 15th President.


title: 2010 Philippine presidential election

text: Incumbent Vice-President Noli de Castro was allowed to seek re-election, though he could have possibly sought the presidency. As he didn't offer himself in any manner of candidacy at the election, his successor was determined as the 13th Vice President of the Philippines. Although most presidential candidates have running mates, the president and vice president are elected separately, and the winning candidates may be of different political parties.


title: 2010 Philippine presidential election

text: This election was also the first time that the Commission of Elections (COMELEC) implemented full automation of elections, pursuant to Republic Act 9369, "An Act Authorizing The Commission on Elections To Use An Automated Election System In The May 11, 1998 National or Local Elections and In Subsequent National And Local Electoral Exercises".


title: 2010 Philippine presidential election

text: The results of the congressional canvassing showed that Senator Benigno Aquino III of the Liberal Party won by a plurality, although he had won with the highest percentage of votes since 1986, but not enough to have the largest margin of victory, even in elections held after 1986.


title: 2010 Philippine presidential election

text: Meanwhile, in the election for the vice-presidency, Makati Mayor Jejomar Binay of the Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan (PDP-Laban) defeated Senator Mar Roxas of the Liberal Party in the third-narrowest margin in the history of vice presidential elections. Aquino and Binay were proclaimed in a joint session of Congress on June 9, and took their oaths on June 30, 2010. Roxas filed an electoral protest to the Presidential Electoral Tribunal (PET; the Supreme Court) on July 10, 2010.


title: 2010 Philippine presidential election

text: The election is held every six years after 1992, on the second Monday of May. The incumbent president is term limited. The incumbent vice president may run for two consecutive terms. As Joseph Estrada, who was elected in 1998, was able to run in 2010, it is undetermined if the term limit is for life, or is only limited to the incumbent.


title: 2010 Philippine presidential election

text: The plurality voting system is used to determine the winner: the candidate with the highest number of votes, whether or not one has a majority, wins the presidency. The vice presidential election is a separate election, is held on the same rules, and voters may split their ticket. Both winners will serve six-year terms commencing on the noon of June 30, 2010 and ending on the same day six years later.


title: 2010 Philippine presidential election

text: The candidates are determined via political conventions of the different political parties. As most political parties in the Philippines are loosely structured, with most politicians switching parties from time to time, a person not nominated by a party may either run as an independent, get drafted by another party, or form their own party. The candidacy process is supervised by the Commission on Elections (usually referred by its abbreviation "COMELEC") which also regulates and holds the elections. It is not uncommon for the commission to disqualify certain candidates as "nuisance candidates" or those candidates who have no capacity to mount a nationwide campaign. This usually limits the candidates to a small number. The campaign will run for three months, beginning in early February 2010 and ending on the eve of the election.


title: 2010 Philippine presidential election

text: The counting of votes is initially held in the individual voting precincts, which are all then tabulated for the different municipalities and cities, then to the provinces, and finally to Congress, which is the final canvasser of the votes. Election protests are handled by the Supreme Court, when it sits as the Presidential Electoral Tribunal.


title: 2010 Philippine presidential election

text: In the Philippines, the multi-party system is implemented. Sometimes a coalition of different parties are made. Notable this year is the Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino–PDP–Laban and Nacionalista Party–NPC coalitions. Each party hosts candidates who go through a process to determine the presidential nominee for that party.


title: 2010 Philippine presidential election

text: The Commission on Elections released its list of 16 approved candidates for president and vice-president on December 15. One disqualified candidate, Perlas, was reinstated.


title: 2010 Philippine presidential election

text: The Philippines has two primary opinion polling companies: Social Weather Stations (SWS) and Pulse Asia.


title: 2010 Philippine presidential election

text: According to the SWS exit poll, 45% of Muslims voted for Binay, while only 17% chose Roxas and 28% for Legarda. About 75% of the members of the Iglesia ni Cristo voted for Roxas. Despite having the endorsement of several Catholic bishops, de los Reyes only got 0.2% of the Catholic vote, while Aquino, despite being branded by some Catholic organizations as not pro-life, got 44%.


title: 2010 Philippine presidential election

text: The candidate in each position with the highest number of votes is declared the winner; there is no runoff. Congress shall canvass the votes in joint public session.


title: 2010 Philippine presidential election

text: When there are two or more candidates who have the highest and an equal number of votes, Congress, voting separately via majority vote will choose from these candidates, who have the highest and equal number of votes, who is to be the president.


title: 2010 Philippine presidential election

text: The Supreme Court shall "be the sole judge of all contests relating to the election, returns, and qualifications of the President or Vice President".


title: 2010 Philippine presidential election

text: There are several parallel tallies, with the Congressional canvass the official tally. The COMELEC used the election returns from the polling precincts; the Congress as the national board of canvassers will base their official tally from the certificates of canvass from the provinces and cities, which were derived from the election returns. The accredited citizen's arm, the Parish Pastoral Council for Responsible Voting (PPCRV) also used the election returns from the polling precincts. In theory, all tallies must be identical.


title: 2010 Philippine presidential election

text: Congress in joint session as the National Board of Canvassers convened in the Batasang Pambansa Complex in Quezon City, the home of the House of Representatives. Only a committee canvassed the votes, with the same number of members from both the Senate and the House of Representatives.


title: 2010 Philippine presidential election

text: On June 8, Congress finished canvassing all of the votes, with the final canvass showing that Aquino and Binay had won. Aquino and Binay were proclaimed as president-elect and vice president-elect in a joint session on June 9. The president-elect and vice president-elect were inaugurated on June 30, 2010. Aquino, son of the 11th president Corazon Aquino, became the second child of a former president to become president themselves after his immediate predecessor Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, whose father was the 9th president Diosdado Macapagal.


title: 2010 Philippine presidential election

text: In case a president has not been determined by June 30, the vice president-elect shall act as president until a president has been determined. If both positions have not yet been determined, the President of the Senate, or the Speaker of the House of Representatives if the former is unable to do so, shall act as president. Congress shall enact a law on who acts as president if neither of the officials already stated are unable to do so.


title: 2010 Philippine presidential election

text: The candidate with the highest number of votes wins the vice presidency. In case when two or more candidates have the highest number of votes, one of them shall be chosen by the vote of a majority of all the members of both Houses of the Congress, voting separately.


title: 2010 Philippine presidential election

text: The COMELEC originally released results for president and vice president based from election returns but stopped in order not to preempt Congress. The COMELEC held their tally at the Philippine International Convention Center in Pasay.


title: 2010 Philippine presidential election

text: According to the Fair Elections Act, the COMELEC's cap on spending is 10 pesos per voter for each candidate and another 5 pesos per voter for one's political party; since there are about 50 million voters, a candidate can spend up to 500 million pesos and a party can spend an additional 250 million pesos.


title: 2010 Philippine presidential election

text: The following is a list of published campaign expenses; the COMELEC has no ability to confirm if these were true.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: Scott Andrew Sinclair (born 25 March 1989) is an English professional footballer who plays as a winger for EFL League One club Bristol Rovers. He represented England at youth level, from the under-17s to the under-21s, and also played for Great Britain at the 2012 Summer Olympics.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: He started his career with Bristol Rovers, before moving to Chelsea, from where he spent periods on loan at Plymouth Argyle, Queens Park Rangers, Charlton Athletic, Crystal Palace, Birmingham City and Wigan Athletic. In 2010 he signed for Swansea City and in 2012 for Manchester City, who loaned him to West Bromwich Albion and Aston Villa. He joined Villa on a permanent contract in 2015, and moved on to Celtic in August 2016. In his first season with Celtic he won both the PFA Scotland Players' Player of the Year and SFWA Footballer of the Year awards, and he stayed with the club for a further two-and-a-half seasons before returning to England with Preston North End. In October 2022 he signed a short-term deal to return to his boyhood club Bristol Rovers.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: Sinclair was born in Bath, Somerset, where he attended Ralph Allen School. He began his career with Bath Arsenal and grew up supporting Manchester United. Sinclair joined Bristol Rovers at the age of nine. He became the second-youngest (after Ronnie Dix) Bristol Rovers first-team debutantat the age of 15 years, 277 daysas a late substitute for Junior Agogo in the League Two game against Leyton Orient in December 2004.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: Chelsea signed Sinclair in July 2005. A Football League tribunal set the compensation to be paid to Bristol Rovers at an initial £200,000, with increments up to a potential £750,000 to be paid if and when the player met various appearance milestones at club or international level. Chelsea would also have to pay Rovers 15% of the profit on any future sale.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: Sinclair was called up to Chelsea's squad to play Macclesfield Town in the FA Cup on 6 January 2007 but remained on the bench. His debut came four days later as a very late substitute in the 2007 League Cup semi-final against Wycombe Wanderers. He scored his first goal for Chelsea in September 2007, in the 37th minute of the League Cup third-round match against Hull City to help Chelsea win 4–0. He provided the assist for Frank Lampard's 100th goal for Chelsea, in a 3–1 victory over Huddersfield Town in the FA Cup. He made his league debut for Chelsea on 6 May 2007, when he came off the bench to replace Shaun Wright-Phillips for the final ten minutes of the game against Arsenal.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: During the January transfer window, Sinclair was signed on a month's loan by Plymouth Argyle, whose manager Ian Holloway had noticed him as a ten-year-old prospect at former club Bristol Rovers. He made his debut as a substitute in the 3–2 victory over Coventry City at Home Park. In his second game, the FA Cup fourth-round tie against Barnet, he scored a fine individual goal to seal a 2–0 victory, taking the ball half the length of the pitch before beating the goalkeeper. Sinclair also scored against Wolverhampton Wanderers at Molineux to put Plymouth 1–0 up in the game, which they drew 2–2. On 17 February 2007, Sinclair scored the second goal, with a looping header from a David Norris cross, as Argyle defeated Derby County 2–0 in their FA Cup fifth-round tie. This result put the club through to the last eight for the first time since 1984. He played in the quarter-final, but Plymouth went down 1–0 to Watford and he was substituted in the second half of the game. On 17 March, Sinclair ran from his own half past two defenders before hitting the ball in off the crossbar to score the only goal of the home match against Crystal Palace.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: On 6 May 2007, Sinclair was named in the Chelsea squad to face Arsenal in one of Chelsea's most crucial matches of the season: anything but a win would have handed Manchester United the Premier League title. Sinclair came on as a substitute for Shaun Wright-Phillips but was unable to stop Chelsea drawing 1–1. Sinclair made his first start for Chelsea in the following Premier League game, against Manchester United at Stamford Bridge, and suffered a broken metatarsal after a challenge from Wes Brown.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: Sinclair signed a new four-year deal on 15 August 2007. He was given squad number 17 for the new season, and made his first appearance as a late substitute in the 2007 FA Community Shield against Manchester United. On 25 September, he scored his first senior goal for the club in a 4–0 win against Hull City in the League Cup. He was picked in the starting eleven against Leicester City in the fourth round of the League Cup; he was involved in Chelsea's first two goals and his shot was turned onto the post by Leicester's goalkeeper.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: Queens Park Rangers reportedly "beat off stiff competition from eight other Championship clubs" to sign Sinclair on loan for a month from 6 November 2007. Sinclair's last goal for Plymouth had been against Crystal Palace, and he followed this up by scoring his first for QPR against the same club.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: He played four times for Chelsea on his return, before going out on loan again in February 2008. Ian Holloway, who had managed Sinclair at Plymouth Argyle, wanted to take the player to Leicester City, but Chelsea wanted him to join a club nearer the top of the table. On 28 February, Sinclair joined Charlton Athletic on loan until the end of the season. Finding his first-team opportunities limited at Charlton, he made just three appearances off the bench and the loan was terminated after a month.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: On 27 March, Sinclair joined Crystal Palace on loan until the end of the season. He scored twice, against Hull and Burnley, in six appearances and helped Palace to finish fifth in the Championship. Sinclair played in the play-off semi-finals, in which Palace lost to Bristol City.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: Sinclair was offered a chance by new Chelsea manager Luiz Felipe Scolari to prove himself as a first-team player, although he still played in most of the Reserves' matches. On 8 August 2008, Sinclair was handed the number 16 for Chelsea, swapping with José Bosingwa (who wore 16 during pre-season) who was given Sinclair's previous number 17. He was the second-youngest player in the Chelsea first team for the season, older than the youngest, striker Franco Di Santo, by 13 days. He made his first league appearance of the season at Middlesbrough on 18 October in Chelsea's 5–0 win.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: In January 2009, Sinclair joined Championship club Birmingham City on loan for an initial period of one month, which was later extended to the remainder of the 2008–09 season. He made 14 appearances for the club, and returned to Chelsea on 4 May.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: Interim Chelsea manager Guus Hiddink named Sinclair among the substitutes for the match against Blackburn Rovers on 17 May, but he did not play. New coach Carlo Ancelotti included him in the squad that travelled to the United States for a pre-season tour, where he featured in two matches.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: Sinclair joined Premier League club Wigan Athletic on 6 August 2009 on loan for the 2009–10 season. He scored his first goal for Wigan in a 2–1 defeat at Hull City on 3 October, and his second, again against Hull, in the FA Cup on 2 January 2010.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: In summer 2010, Sinclair was linked with moves to Blackpool, recently promoted to the Premier League, and Championship club Swansea City. He signed a three-year deal with Swansea City on 9 August 2010 for a £500,000 fee, with the potential for the fee to rise to £1 million depending on the club's future success. He made his debut in a 4–0 win against Preston North End on 14 August, during which he had a goal disallowed. He scored his first goal for the club against Tranmere Rovers in the League Cup, and his first League goal for Swansea was scored on 28 August in the 1–0 home win against recently relegated Burnley.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: Sinclair scored his first career hat-trick on 21 September in a 3–1 League Cup win against Peterborough United. A brace against Leeds United on 26 February 2011 took his goal tally for the season to 21. Swansea qualified for the end-of-season play-offs and reached the final, played at Wembley Stadium on 30 May. In a "pulsating" match against Reading, Sinclair scored a hat-trick that included two penalties as Swansea won 4–2. The result meant a return to the top division of English football for the club, having been relegated from the old First Division in 1982–83, and they became the first Welsh club to reach the Premier League.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: Sinclair scored Swansea's first Premier League goal on 17 September 2011 with a penalty in a 3–0 win against West Bromwich Albion. He became Swansea's main penalty taker, scoring penalties against Stoke City, Bolton Wanderers, Fulham and Arsenal. On 31 January 2012, Sinclair scored against his former club Chelsea, in a game that ended in a 1–1 draw. After scoring 13 penalties since joining the club, his streak ended on 15 March when Manchester City's Joe Hart saved his attempt. Swansea won the match 1–0, and Sinclair said he was still willing to continue taking Swansea's penalties.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: With one season remaining on his contract with Swansea, it was confirmed on 17 August that Sinclair would not be signing a new deal with the club. On the opening day of the 2012–13 season, he scored in a substitute appearance as Swansea beat Queens Park Rangers 5–0 at Loftus Road.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: Sinclair signed a four-year contract with champions Manchester City on 31 August 2012, moving from Swansea for a reported transfer fee of £8 million, including add-ons. He was given the number 11 shirt and made his debut on 15 September, playing 74 minutes of a 1–1 draw away to Stoke City.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: He started against Arsenal on 23 September, coming off at half-time, and was thereafter relegated to the bench. He made only one further start all season, away at Borussia Dortmund in the UEFA Champions League group stage on 4 December, with both teams' final position already decided. His 12 other appearances that season were all coming on late from the bench. His final appearance of the season came as an 83rd-minute substitute on 21 April 2013, in a 3–1 loss away to Tottenham Hotspur. On 8 May, he had surgery on a blood clot in his shoulder, ending a frustrating season in which he played only 190 minutes of league football, after which he suggested that manager Roberto Mancini had not given him a fair chance.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: Sinclair joined West Bromwich Albion on 22 August 2013 on a season-long loan, with the option to complete a permanent deal. He played regularly at the start of the season before a hamstring injury kept him out until December. Soon afterwards, manager Steve Clarke was sacked, and Sinclair played little under his successor, Pepe Mel.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: On 30 January 2015, after failing to break into the Manchester City starting eleven, Sinclair joined Aston Villa for the remainder of the season on loan. He made his debut in a 5–0 defeat at Arsenal on 1 February, replacing Andreas Weimann after 65 minutes. Sinclair scored his first goal for Villa after 89 minutes of a 2–1 win in the fifth round of the FA Cup against Leicester City on 15 February, and six days later, scored their only goal in a 2–1 defeat at home to Stoke City. He scored again in Villa's 2–0 FA Cup quarter-final victory over local rivals West Brom.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: On 19 May 2015, after Villa had secured Premier League safety, it was announced that Sinclair would be joining on a permanent basis at the end of the season for an undisclosed fee, reported as £2.5 million, signing a four-year contract. He said that, "This is the happiest I have been in a long time."


title: Scott Sinclair

text: On 25 August 2015, Sinclair scored a hat-trick against Notts County in a 5–3 victory for the home side in the second round of the League Cup. Four days later, in the Premier League, Sinclair scored both goals for Villa in a 2–2 draw with Sunderland.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: On 7 August 2016, Sinclair signed a four-year deal with Scottish Premiership champions Celtic. He made his debut later that day, coming on as a substitute for Stuart Armstrong against Hearts, and scored the winner in the 81st minute, slotting in Leigh Griffiths' cross to put Celtic 2–1 ahead. On 18 September, Sinclair became the first Celtic player since Jimmy McGrory in 1922 to score in each of his first five league matches.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: Sinclair scored his first Celtic hat-trick on 2 April 2017, as the Hoops beat Hearts 5–0 at Tynecastle to wrap up a sixth consecutive Scottish league title. On 30 April, Sinclair was voted Player of the Year and Player's Player of the Year at Celtic's Player of the Year Awards. Afterwards, he told the club's website: "This is the best time and the happiest time in my career right now. To have the connection with the fans and all of them who voted for me, it just means so much to me." He ended his debut season with 25 goals, making him the club's second-highest scorer behind Moussa Dembélé, who scored 32 goals.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: In May 2019, Celtic exercised a clause in Sinclair's contract to keep him at the club for a further season.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: Sinclair signed a two-and-a-half-year contract with EFL Championship club Preston North End on 8 January 2020. Sinclair was released by the club at the end of the 2021–22 season.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: On 18 October 2022, Sinclair returned to his first club Bristol Rovers on a short-term basis until January 2023, having been training at the club for a number of weeks. On 22 October, he made his second debut for the club as a late substitute in a 2–2 draw against a former club of Sinclair's in Plymouth Argyle. Sinclair scored his first goal for the club on his first start on 5 November, the only goal in an FA Cup First Round victory over Rochdale.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: Sinclair was selected for the England under-19s for their matches during October 2007, but, together with Andy Carroll and Ryan Bertrand, he was sent home after breaking a team curfew.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: On 12 November 2010, Sinclair was called up for the England under-21s for their friendly against the German under-21s. He earned his first cap playing in this friendly where England lost 2–0. In May 2011, Sinclair was named in the England squad for the European Under-21 Championship.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: John Barnes, the former Jamaica coach, tried to convince Sinclair to play for the Jamaica senior team.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: On 2 July 2012, Sinclair was named in Stuart Pearce's 18-man squad for the 2012 Summer Olympics. He scored the second goal in Team GB's second game of the tournament, against the United Arab Emirates.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: Sinclair's brother Martin has cerebral palsy, and was selected in the Great Britain Cerebral Palsy football team for the 2012 Summer Paralympics. His younger brother Jake is also a footballer and plays for Mangotsfield United.


title: Scott Sinclair

text: Sinclair became engaged to actress Helen Flanagan on 31 May 2018. They have two daughters, and one son. They split in October 2022.


title: Vladimir Horowitz

text: Vladimir Samoylovich Horowitz (November 5, 1989) was a Russian-born American classical pianist and composer. Considered one of the greatest pianists of all time, he was known for his virtuoso technique, tone color, and the public excitement engendered by his playing.


title: Vladimir Horowitz

text: Vladimir Horowitz was born in Kiev, Kiev Governorate, Russian Empire (today Ukraine). There are unsubstantiated claims that Horowitz was born in Berdichev (a city near Zhitomir in Volhynian Governorate), but his birth certificate unequivocally states that Kiev was his birthplace.


title: Vladimir Horowitz

text: Vladimir Horowitz was the youngest of four children of Samuil Horowitz and Sophia Bodik, who were assimilated Jews. Samuil was a well-to-do electrical engineer and a distributor of electric motors for German manufacturers. Horowitz's grandfather Joachim was a merchant (and an arts-supporter), belonging to the 1st Guild, which exempted him from having to reside in the Pale of Settlement. Horowitz was born in 1903, but in order to make him appear too young for military service so as not to risk damaging his hands, his father took a year off his son's age by claiming that he was born in 1904. The 1904 date appeared in many reference works during the pianist's lifetime.


title: Vladimir Horowitz

text: Horowitz's uncle Alexander was a pupil and close friend of Alexander Scriabin. When Horowitz was 10, it was arranged for him to play for Scriabin, who told his parents that he was extremely talented.


title: Vladimir Horowitz

text: Horowitz received piano instruction from an early age, initially from his mother, who was herself a pianist. In 1912 he entered the Kiev Conservatory, where he was taught by Vladimir Puchalsky, Sergei Tarnowsky, and Felix Blumenfeld. His first solo recital was in Kharkov in 1920.


title: Vladimir Horowitz

text: Horowitz soon began to tour Russia and the USSR, where he was often paid with bread, butter and chocolate rather than money, due to the economic hardship caused by the Russian Civil War. During the 1922–23 season, he performed 23 concerts of eleven different programs in Petrograd alone. Despite his early success as a pianist, Horowitz maintained that he wanted to be a composer and undertook a career as a pianist only to help his family, who had lost their possessions in the Russian Revolution.


title: Vladimir Horowitz

text: In December 1925, Vladimir Horowitz emigrated to Germany, ostensibly to study with Artur Schnabel in Berlin but secretly intending not to return. The 22-year-old pianist stuffed American dollars and British pound notes into his shoes to finance his initial concerts.


title: Vladimir Horowitz

text: On December 18, 1925, Horowitz made his first appearance outside his home country, in Berlin. He later played in Paris, London, and New York City. In 1926, the Soviet Union selected Horowitz to join the delegation of pianists that were to represent the country at the I International Chopin Piano Competition in Poland in 1927, but he decided to remain in the West and did not participate.


title: Vladimir Horowitz

text: Horowitz gave his United States debut on January 12, 1928, in Carnegie Hall. He played Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1 under the direction of Sir Thomas Beecham, who was also making his U.S. debut. Horowitz later said that he and Beecham had divergent ideas about tempos and that Beecham was conducting the score "from memory and he didn't know" the piece. Horowitz's rapport with his audience was phenomenal. Olin Downes, writing for "The New York Times", was critical about the tug of war between conductor and soloist, but credited Horowitz with both a beautiful singing tone in the second movement and a tremendous technique in the finale, calling his playing a "tornado unleashed from the steppes". In this debut performance, Horowitz demonstrated a marked ability to excite his audience, an ability he maintained for his entire career. Downes wrote: "it has been years since a pianist created such a furor with an audience in this city." In his review of Horowitz's solo recital, Downes characterized the pianist's playing as showing "most if not all the traits of a great interpreter." In 1933, he played for the first time with the conductor Arturo Toscanini in a performance of Beethoven's Piano Concerto No. 5. Horowitz and Toscanini went on to perform together many times, on stage and in recordings. Horowitz settled in the U.S. in 1939 and became an American citizen in 1944. He made his television debut in a concert taped at Carnegie Hall on February 1, 1968, and broadcast nationwide by CBS on September 22 of that year.


title: Vladimir Horowitz

text: Despite rapturous receptions at recitals, Horowitz became increasingly unsure of his abilities as a pianist. On several occasions, the pianist had to be pushed onto the stage. He suffered from depression and withdrew from public performances from 1936 to 1938, 1953 to 1965, 1969 to 1974, and 1983 to 1985.


title: Vladimir Horowitz

text: In 1926, Horowitz performed on several piano rolls at the Welte-Mignon studios in Freiburg, Germany. His first recordings were made in the United States for the Victor Talking Machine Company in 1928. Horowitz's first European-produced recording, made in 1930 by The Gramophone Company/HMV, RCA Victor's UK based affiliate, was of Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 3 with Albert Coates and the London Symphony Orchestra, the world premiere recording of that piece. Through 1936, Horowitz continued to make recordings in the UK for HMV of solo piano repertoire, including his 1932 account of Liszt's Sonata in B minor. Beginning in 1940, Horowitz's recording activity was again concentrated for RCA Victor in the US. That year, he recorded Brahms Piano Concerto No. 2, and in 1941, the Tchaikovsky Piano Concerto No. 1, both with the NBC Symphony Orchestra under Toscanini. In 1959, RCA Victor issued the live 1943 performance of the Tchaikovsky concerto with Horowitz and Toscanini; it is generally considered superior to the 1941 studio recording, and it was selected for the Grammy Hall of Fame. During Horowitz's second retirement, which began in 1953, he made a series of recordings in his New York City townhouse, including LPs of Scriabin and Clementi. Horowitz's first stereo recording, made in 1959, was devoted to Beethoven piano sonatas.


title: Vladimir Horowitz

text: In 1962, Horowitz embarked on a series of recordings for Columbia Records. The best known are his 1965 return concert at Carnegie Hall and a 1968 recording from his television special, "Vladimir Horowitz: a Concert at Carnegie Hall", televised by CBS. Horowitz continued making studio recordings, including a 1969 recording of Schumann's "Kreisleriana", which was awarded the Prix Mondial du Disque.


title: Vladimir Horowitz

text: In 1975, Horowitz returned to RCA and made live recordings until 1983. He signed with Deutsche Grammophon in 1985, and made studio and live recordings until 1989, including his only recording of Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 23. Four documentary films featuring Horowitz were made during this period, including the telecast of his April 20, 1986 Moscow recital. His final recording, for Sony Classical (formerly Columbia), was completed four days before his death and consisted of repertoire he had never previously recorded.


title: Vladimir Horowitz

text: All of Horowitz's recordings have been issued on compact disc, some several times. In the years following Horowitz's death, CDs were issued containing previously unreleased performances. These included selections from Carnegie Hall recitals recorded privately for Horowitz from 1945 to 1951.


title: Vladimir Horowitz

text: Horowitz taught seven students between 1937 and 1962: Nico Kaufmann (1937), Byron Janis (1944–1948), Gary Graffman (1953–1955), Coleman Blumfield (1956–1958), Ronald Turini (1957–1963), Alexander Fiorillo (1960–1962) and Ivan Davis (1961–1962). Janis described his relationship to Horowitz during that period as a surrogate son, and he often traveled with Horowitz and his wife during concert tours. Davis was invited to become one of Horowitz's students after receiving a call from him the day after he won the Franz Liszt Competition. At the time, Davis had a contract with Columbia Records and a national tour planned. Horowitz claimed that he had only taught three students during that period. "Many young people say they have been pupils of Horowitz, but there were only three: Janis, Turini, who I brought to the stage, and Graffman. If someone else claims it, it's not true. I had some who played for me for four months. Once a week. I stopped work with them because they did not progress." According to biographer Glenn Plaskin: "The fact that Horowitz disavowed most of his students and blurred the facts regarding their periods of study says something about the erratic nature of his personality during that period". Horowitz returned to coaching in the 1980s, working with Murray Perahia, who already had an established career, and Eduardus Halim.