title: Maria Sakkari

text: Sakkari started off the season strongly making the quarterfinals of Abu Dhabi without dropping a set with wins over Anastasia Potapova, Coco Gauff and Garbiñe Muguruza. She then came from a set down to upset top seed Sofia Kenin before losing to eventual champion Aryna Sabalenka in straight sets. She then backed this up with a semifinal appearance at the Grampians Trophy before losing to Anett Kontaveit in a three set thriller. However, she was unable to match her previous success at the Australian Open falling in three sets to Kristina Mladenovic. She rebounded with a quarterfinal appearance in Doha losing to eventual champion Muguruza, in straight sets. She crashed out of the Dubai Championships to eventual finalist Barbora Krejčíková in the first round. However she bounced back in Miami. She beat her opening opponents Arantxa Rus and Ludmilla Samsonova in the second and third rounds, respectively, for the loss of six games combined. She then saved six match points in a three-set thriller against surging American Jessica Pegula to reach her third WTA 1000 quarterfinal. There she faced Naomi Osaka who had not lost a match in over a year and was on a 23 match-winning streak. Sakkari caused one of the upsets of the tournament in defeating the second seed in straight sets. With the win, she ended Osaka's chances of reclaiming the world No. 1 ranking and reached the biggest semifinal of her career. She then faced Bianca Andreescu for a place in the final but was herself defeated in a third set tiebreaker.


title: Maria Sakkari

text: Sakkari made her first ever Grand Slam semifinal at the French Open after beating Katarina Zavatska, Jasmine Paolini, Elise Mertens, Sofia Kenin, and defending champion Iga Świątek, ending the 11-match, 22-set Roland Garros winning streak of the 2020 champion. She became the first woman from Greece to reach a Grand Slam singles quarterfinal and later semifinal. It was also the first time in major history that two Greek players (Sakkari and Tsitsipas) were in the semifinals of a Grand Slam championship. However, Sakkari then lost to Barbora Krejčíková in the semi–finals, despite having one match point.


title: Maria Sakkari

text: In September 2021, Sakkari beat No. 4 seed Karolína Plíšková to earn a place in only the second Grand Slam semifinal of her career at the US Open to play qualifier from Great Britain Emma Raducanu. Sakkari's win against Plíšková was her third straight win over a top 10 seed, after defeating No. 6 seed Bianca Andreescu in a record-setting latest women’s match in the round of 16 and No. 10 seed Petra Kvitová in the third round and she is a 4-0 vs top-5 opponents in 2021. She also became the first Greek woman to reach the semifinals of the US Open. She was defeated by Raducanu in straight sets. As a result, she entered the top 15 at world No. 13 on 13 September 2021.


title: Maria Sakkari

text: At the Ostrava Open, she reached the final defeating the top seed, Iga Świątek. She improved to 2-0 against Swiatek after a her win in the French Open quarterfinals at Roland Garros earlier in the year. This was her seventh win against a top-10 player and eleventh against a top-20 player this season. The Greek advanced to her first final since 2019 after losing nine straight WTA semifinals. In the final, she was defeated in threes sets by Anett Kontaveit. As a result of reaching the final she entered the top 10 in the WTA rankings for the first time in her career on 27 September 2021.


title: Maria Sakkari

text: She qualified for the 2021 WTA Finals becoming the first Greek woman to participate in the year-end tournament. She reached the semifinals defeating Aryna Sabalenka in three sets.


title: Maria Sakkari

text: Sakkari entered the St. Petersburg Ladies' Trophy as the top seed. She defeated Anastasia Potapova, Ekaterina Alexandrova and Elise Mertens to reach the semifinals. Then she defeated Irina-Camelia Begu to reach her fourth career final, where she lost to Anett Kontaveit in three sets. At the Doha Open, she defeated Ann Li, Jessica Pegula and Cori Gauff, all in straight sets. In the semifinals, Sakkari lost to eventual champion Iga Świątek.


title: Maria Sakkari

text: Sakkari entered the Indian Wells Open as the 6th seed. She defeated Kateřina Siniaková, Petra Kvitová, qualifier Daria Saville and Elena Rybakina to reached her first Indian Wells semifinals. Then she beat defending champion Paula Badosa to reach her first WTA 1000 final of her career. But she lost to Iga Świątek in straight sets. With this result, she reached her career-high ranking No. 3. She became the first Greek female player who reached the top 5.


title: Maria Sakkari

text: In Miami, Sakkari lost early in the second round against Brazilian Beatriz Haddad Maia in three sets. At the French Open, Sakkari lost in the second round to Karolína Muchová in straight sets. At Wimbledon, Sakkari lost in the third round to Tatjana Maria in straight sets. Sakkari hit 28 winners, but had 29 unforced errors in the match compared to 12 for Maria. At the Cincinnati Masters, Sakkari lost in the second round to Caroline Garcia in a tough three set match lasting more than 2 hours.


title: Maria Sakkari

text: She reached her sixth WTA career final at the 2022 Emilia-Romagna Open where she was defeated by Mayar Sherif, in straight sets. However, this result was followed by opening round losses in Ostrava and San Diego to Alycia Parks and Donna Vekic respectively.


title: Maria Sakkari

text: Sakkari made it to the finals of the Guadalajara Open Akron defeating Marta Kostyuk, Danielle Collins, Veronika Kudermetova and Marie Bouzková in route. The win against Kudermetova qualified her for the WTA Finals for a second consecutive year. In the final, she was defeated by Jessica Pegula in straight sets.


title: Maria Sakkari

text: Maria quickly got revenge for her loss in Guadalajara final by edging out a straight-sets win over Pegula in the opening match of the WTA Finals. She breezed past Aryna Sabalenka and Ons Jabeur in straight sets to finish 3-0 in the round robin stage, as she surged into the semifinals of the WTA Finals for a second straight year. Sakkari lost in straight sets to Caroline Garcia in the semifinals, 6-3 6-2.


title: Maria Sakkari

text: Sakkari made her debut for the Greece Fed Cup team in 2012, and has a Fed Cup win–loss record of 12–18 to date.


title: Maria Sakkari

text: Sakkari is the first ambassador of the charity association DESMOS, which since 2012 supports vulnerable social groups, through many actions and programs, which are shared in collaboration with more than 800 organizations. She has been part of DESMOS since 2019.


title: Maria Sakkari

text: "I am a big believer in the value of giving and civic engagement, because they have the power to create waves of positive change for all of us. For this reason, with great joy, I accepted the proposal of Desmos to offer in my own way, as the first Ambassador", she stated.


title: Maria Sakkari

text: On 10 August 2022, Sakkari has been announced as the part of line up for "Tennis Plays for Peace" exhibition, which took place on August 24 with other numerous current and former tennis stars like Rafael Nadal, Carlos Alcaraz, Coco Gauff, John McEnroe, Stefanos Tsitsipas, Matteo Berrettini, Iga Swiatek and many others, 100% of the proceeds going to GlobalGiving, the international non-profit identified by Tennis Plays for Peace.


title: Everyday life

text: Everyday life, daily life or routine life comprises the ways in which people typically act, think, and feel on a daily basis. Everyday life may be described as mundane, routine, natural, habitual, or normal.


title: Everyday life

text: Human diurnality means most people sleep at least part of the night and are active in daytime. Most eat two or three meals in a day. Working time (apart from shift work) mostly involves a daily schedule, beginning in the morning. This produces the daily rush hours experienced by many millions, and the drive time focused on by radio broadcasters. Evening is often leisure time. Bathing every day is a custom for many.


title: Everyday life

text: Beyond these broad similarities, lifestyles vary and different people spend their days differently. For example, nomadic life differs from sedentism, and among the sedentary, urban people live differently from rural folk. Differences in the lives of the rich and the poor, or between laborers and intellectuals, may go beyond their working hours. Children and adults also vary in what they do each day.


title: Everyday life

text: Everyday life is a key concept in cultural studies and is a specialized subject in the field of sociology. Some argue that, motivated by capitalism and industrialism's degrading effects on human existence and perception, writers and artists of the 19th century turned more towards self-reflection and the portrayal of everyday life represented in their writings and art to a noticeably greater degree than in past works, for example Renaissance literature's interest in hagiography and politics. Other theorists dispute this argument based on a long history of writings about daily life which can be seen in works from Ancient Greece, medieval Christianity and the Age of Enlightenment.


title: Everyday life

text: In the study of everyday life gender has been an important factor in its conceptions. Some theorists regard women as the quintessential representatives and victims of everyday life.


title: Everyday life

text: The connotation of everyday life is often negative and is distinctively separated from exceptional moments by its lack of distinction and differentiation, ultimately defined as the essential, taken-for-granted continuum of mundane activity that outlines forays into more esoteric experiences. It is the non-negotiable reality that exists amongst all social groupings without discrimination and is an unavoidable basis for which all human endeavor exists.


title: Everyday life

text: Much of everyday life is automatic in that it is driven by current environmental features as mediated by automatic cognitive processing of those features, and without any mediation by conscious choice, according to social psychologist John A. Bargh. Daily life is also studied by sociologists to investigate how it is organised and given meaning. A sociological journal called the "Journal of Mundane Behavior", published 2000 - 2004, studied these everyday actions.


title: Everyday life

text: Daily entertainment once consisted mainly of telling stories in the evening. This custom developed into the theatre of ancient Greece and other professional entertainments. Reading later became less a mysterious specialty of scholars, and more a common pleasure for people who could afford books. During the 20th century mass media became prevalent in rich countries, creating among other things a daily prime time to consume fiction and other professionally produced works.


title: Everyday life

text: Different media forms serve different purposes in different individuals' everyday lives—which give people the opportunities to make choices about what media form(s)—watching television, using the Internet, listening to the radio, or reading newspapers or magazines—most effectively help them to accomplish their tasks. Many people have steadily increased their daily use of the Internet, over all other media forms.


title: Everyday life

text: People's everyday lives are shaped through language and communication. They choose what to do with their time based on opinions and ideals formed through the discourse they are exposed to. Much of the dialogue people are subject to comes from the mass media, which is an important factor in what shapes human experience. The media uses language to make an impact on one's everyday life, whether that be as small as helping to decide where to eat or as big as choosing a representative in government.


title: Everyday life

text: To improve people's everyday life, Phaedra Pezzullo, professor in the Department of Communication and Culture at Indiana University Bloomington, says people should seek to understand the rhetoric that so often and unnoticeably changes their lives. She writes that “...rhetoric enables us to make connections... It's about understanding how we engage with the world.”


title: Everyday life

text: "Activities of daily living" (ADL) is a term used in healthcare to refer to daily self care activities within an individual's place of residence, in outdoor environments, or both. Health professionals routinely refer to the ability or inability to perform ADLs as a measurement of the functional status of a person, particularly in regard to people with disabilities and the elderly. ADLs are defined as "the things we normally do...such as feeding ourselves, bathing, dressing, grooming, work, homemaking, and leisure." The ability and the extent to which the elderly can perform these activities is at the focus of gerontology and understandings of later life.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: The legality of euthanasia varies depending on the country. Efforts to change government policies on euthanasia of humans in the 20th and 21st centuries have met limited success in Western countries. Human euthanasia policies have also been developed by a variety of NGOs, most notably medical associations and advocacy organizations. , euthanasia is legal in Belgium, Canada, Colombia, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain and several states of Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia). Euthanasia was briefly legal in the Northern Territory between 1996 and 1997, but was overturned by a federal law. In 2021, a Peruvian court allowed euthanasia for a single person, Ana Estrada.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: Euthanasia must not be confused with assisted suicide, which may be legal in certain other jurisdictions.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: On 9 May 2012, the Argentine Senate turned into law a project that enables to reject treatments that artificially prolong the life of patients with terminal or irreversible symptoms. The consent may be given by the patient or, if not in a position to do so, their relatives or legal representatives. It was promulgated on 24 May 2012 as "Law 26,742".


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: All Australian states have passed laws allowing voluntary assisted dying (as it is known in Australia). These laws are limited in scope, allowing physician-assisted suicide where a person suffers a medical condition that is advanced, incurable, irreversible, causes intolerable suffering, and will cause the person's death in the next six months, or 12 months for neurodegenerative disorders. Victoria was the first to do so; its law, the Voluntary Assisted Dying Act 2017, came into effect in June 2019, with Western Australia passing a similar law in December 2019. The final state in Australia to pass laws allowing voluntary assisted dying was New South Wales on 19 May 2022. Before the introduction of such laws, charges had on rare occasions been laid for 'aiding and abetting' the suicide of others.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: The situation in the territories is different. Euthanasia was once legal in the Northern Territory, by the Rights of the Terminally Ill Act 1995. In 1997, the Australian Federal Government overrode the Northern Territory legislation through the introduction of the Euthanasia Laws Act 1997, however it was repealed in December 2022. During the brief period in which euthanasia was legal in the Northern Territory, Dr. Philip Nitschke helped three people end their lives through assisted suicide using his Deliverance machine.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: A survey published in 2010 reported that those who died from euthanasia (compared with other deaths) were more often younger, male, cancer patients and more often died in their homes. In almost all cases, unbearable physical suffering was reported. Euthanasia for nonterminal patients was rare. There have been about 1,400 cases a year since the law was introduced, and a record 1,807 cases were recorded in 2013.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: In December 2013, the Belgian Senate voted in favour of extending its euthanasia law to terminally ill children. Conditions imposed on children seeking euthanasia are that "the patient must be conscious of their decision and understand the meaning of euthanasia", "the request must have been approved by the child's parents and medical team", "their illness must be terminal" and "they must be in great pain, with no available treatment to alleviate their distress". A psychologist must also determine the patient's maturity to make the decision. The amendment emphasizes that the patient's request be voluntary. The first minor to be euthanized under these new regulations occurred in September 2016.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: In September 2014, the Federal Euthanasia Commission gave convicted rapist and murderer Frank Van Den Bleeken the right to assisted suicide. Van Den Bleeken had served decades in prison for a 1989 crime and no longer wished to live. Over a dozen other inmates filed similar petitions. In January 2015, the Justice Ministry acknowledged that Van Den Bleeken's doctors recommended against euthanasia and that alternative psychological care would be sought for him.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: In late 2014, a doctor administered a lethal dose of drugs to a patient after struggling with mental illness for years, upon the patient's own request.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: In January 2020, the assizes court in Ghent acquitted three doctors of murder charges for a euthanasia in 2010.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: Voluntary active euthanasia, called "physician assisted dying", is legal in Canada for all people over the age of 18 who have a terminal illness that has progressed to the point where natural death is "reasonably foreseeable." To prevent suicide tourism, only people eligible to claim Canadian health insurance may use it. Legalization of the practice came in 2015/2016 as a result of a series of Supreme Court rulings striking down Canada's ban on medically assisted suicide. Below is a timeline of events:


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: On 5 June 2014, Québec's provincial National Assembly unanimously adopts La Loi concernant les soins de fins de vie arguing healthcares are a provincial's competency and therefore challenging Ottawa's competency regarding criminal code. The Suprem Court ruling, in favor of Québec, created a legal precedent for euthanasia in Canada.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: On 6 February 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada unanimously ruled in "Carter v Canada (AG)" that Canadian adults who are mentally competent and suffering intolerably and permanently have the right to a doctor's help in dying. The court however suspended its ruling for 12 months to give the government an opportunity to write legislation and draft new laws and policies around assisted dying. In January 2016 the court granted an additional 4-month extension to its ruling suspension to allow time for the newly elected Liberal government to consult with Canadians on drafting a law to comply with the ruling. As an interim measure, it also ruled that provincial courts can now begin approving applications for euthanasia until the new law passes.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: A parliamentary committee report tasked with studying the issue in light of the Supreme Court of Canada's ruling recommended that anyone experiencing "intolerable suffering" should be able to seek a doctor's help to die. On 14 April 2016, Canada's federal Liberal government introduced legislation to legalize assisted dying under more restrictive conditions than recommended by the committee, allowing access to only those with terminal illnesses for whom death is "reasonably foreseeable". The British Columbia Civil Liberties Association argues that the government's assisted dying law is unconstitutional, because it limits access to only those whose death is "reasonably foreseeable", rather than provide access to anybody suffering from a "grievous and irremediable" condition, the definition used by the Supreme Court of Canada in their court ruling that the BCCLA argues would include non-terminal conditions.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: The bill received considerable multi-partisan opposition within the Senate, where it was criticized as being drafted too quickly, and being too restrictive compared with the Supreme Court decision. As a result, the Senate made a series of amendments to the bill. The House of Commons accepted all of the amendments made by the Senate except one, which removed the requirement that death be "reasonably foreseeable."


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: On 17 June 2016, a bill to legally allow assisted suicide within Canada became law after it passed both houses of the Parliament of Canada and received Royal Assent.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: Active euthanasia or assisted suicide are not legal in Chile. Passive euthanasia, however, is legal. Since 2012, the regulation of patients' rights creates the right to informed consent, which allows accepting or refusing any medical treatment. Patients can refuse treatment when they are terminal. Currently, a bill to allow active euthanasia and assisted suicide is being discussed by the congress. The bill was approved in general by the Chamber of Deputies on 12 December 2020.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: In a 6–3 decision, Colombia's Constitutional Court ruled in 1997 that "no person can be held criminally responsible for taking the life of a terminally ill patient who has given clear authorization to do so," according to "The Washington Post". The court defined "terminally ill" person as those with diseases such as "cancer, AIDS, and kidney or liver failure if they are terminal and the cause of extreme suffering," the Post reported. The ruling specifically refused to authorize euthanasia for people with degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, or Lou Gehrig's disease. On 15 December 2014, the Constitutional Court had given the Ministry of Health and Social Protection 30 days to publish guidelines for the healthcare sector to use in order to guarantee terminated ill patients, with the wish to undergo euthanasia, their right to a dignified death. The Constitutional Court of Colombia extended in July 2021 the requirements to access and practice euthanasia to non-terminal patients.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: In the Czech Republic, euthanasia and assisted suicide are illegal. Both are considered homicide there.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: Parliament has assigned ethics panels over the years that have advised against legalisation each time however it is still not specifically outlawed and a study published in 2003 showed 41% of deaths under medical supervision involved doctors taking "end-of-life" decisions to help ease their patients' suffering before death (about 1% of which were via prescription drugs).


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: In July 2013, French President François Hollande stated his personal support for decriminalisation of voluntary euthanasia in France, which had been one of his presidential campaign promises ("introduction of the right to die with dignity"), despite objections from France's National Consultative Ethics Committee/ Comité national consultatif d'éthique, which alleged "abuses" in adjacent jurisdictions that have decriminalised and regulated either voluntary euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide (Belgium, Switzerland, the Netherlands and Luxembourg). More socially conservative members of the Catholic Church and other major religious groups in France had announced that after expressing an opposition to the introduction of same-sex marriage in France, their next target may be the possible decriminalisation of voluntary euthanasia.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: In January 2016 both houses of France's parliament approved a measure that, while stopping short of euthanasia, would allow doctors to keep terminal patients sedated until death.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: Passive euthanasia is legal in Germany if the patient has requested it. On 17 May 2014 the Federal Constitutional Court legalized passive euthanasia by means of the withdrawal of life support to patients who request euthanasia. Forms of active euthanasia, including the lethal compound administration, are illegal.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: On 6 November 2015, the German Parliament passed a bill incriminating assisted suicide if it is done in a business-like manner. "Business-like" was meant by the legislator to include any recurrent assistance. Consequently, it typically included physicians. There did not need to be an intention to gain benefits.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: On 2 March 2017, the Federal Administrative Court ruled that, in extreme circumstances, it was illegal that an agency denied access to life-ending substances. The relevant legal basis must be interpreted in accordance with the fundamental right to personal self-determination.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: On 7 May 2019, the Federal Court of Justice, changing its previous judicature from 1984, confirmed that doctors have no obligation to stop the death of a person who, pursuant to a valid autonomous decision, attempts suicide.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: On 26 February 2020, the Federal Constitutional Court ruled the provision which penalized assisted suicide services unconstitutional and thus void. The provision violated the fundamental right to personal self-determination.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: Passive euthanasia is legal in India. On 7 March 2018 the Supreme Court of India legalised passive euthanasia by means of the withdrawal of life support to patients in a permanent vegetative state. Forms of active euthanasia, including the administration of lethal compounds, are illegal.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: In Ireland, it is illegal for a doctor (or anyone) to "actively" contribute to someone's death. It is not, however, illegal to remove life support and other treatment (the "right to die") should a person (or their next of kin) request it. A September 2010 Irish Times poll showed that a majority, 57% of adults, believed that doctor-assisted suicide should be legal for terminally ill patients who request it. Doctors can stop giving a patient life sustaining treatments such as ventilators, feeding tube etc. after being sedated, allowing the patient to die peacefully in their sleep. This only occurs in certain circumstances.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: On 7 October 2020 the Dying with Dignity Bill passed its second reading and a delaying amendment was defeated, moving Ireland closer towards the legalisation of assisted dying.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: The Israeli Penal Law forbids causing the death of another and specifically forbids shortening the life of another. Active euthanasia has been accepted in some cases under Israeli law. In 2005, proposals were put forward to allow passive euthanasia to be administered using a switch mechanism similar to Sabbath clocks. In 2006, the Steinberg Commission was set up to look into whether life and death issues could be rethought in the context of Jewish law, which suggested that hospitals could set up committees to determine whether patients would be given passive euthanasia.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: Article 579 of the Italian Criminal Code bans active euthanasia. In February 2022, the Constitutional Court denied a request to hold a referendum on the decriminalization of euthanasia after a petition signed by over a million people asked for it.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: The Japanese government has no official laws on the status of euthanasia and the Supreme Court of Japan has never ruled on the matter. Rather, to date, Japan's euthanasia policy has been decided by two local court cases, one in Nagoya in 1962, and another after an incident at Tokai University in 1995. The first case involved (i.e., allowing a patient to die by turning off life support) and the latter case involved (e.g., through injection). The judgments in these cases set forth a legal framework and a set of conditions within which both passive and active euthanasia could be legal. Nevertheless, in both of these particular cases the doctors were found guilty of violating these conditions when taking the lives of their patients. Further, because the findings of these courts have yet to be upheld at the national level, these precedents are not necessarily binding. Nevertheless, at present, there is a tentative legal framework for implementing euthanasia in Japan.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: The problems that arose from this, in addition to the problem faced by many other families in the country, has led to the creation of "bioethics SWAT teams". These teams will be made available to the families of terminally ill patients in order to help them, along with the doctors, come to a decision based on the personal facts of the case. Though in its early stages and relying on "subsidies from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare" there are plans to create a nonprofit organization to "allow this effort to continue."


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: Euthanasia is not legal in Latvia. However a doctor may refuse further treatment of a patient if they believe it is the best course of action.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: Euthanasia is not legal in Lithuania.However, a draft of a law about the right to die has been produced.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: The country's parliament passed a bill legalizing euthanasia on 20 February 2008 in the first reading with 30 of 59 votes in favour. On 19 March 2009, the bill passed the second reading, making Luxembourg the third European Union country, after the Netherlands and Belgium, to decriminalise euthanasia. Terminally ill patients will have the option of euthanasia after receiving the approval of two doctors and a panel of experts.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: In Mexico, active euthanasia is illegal but since 7 January 2008 the law allows the terminally ill —or closest relatives, if unconscious— to refuse medication or further medical treatment to extend life (also known as passive euthanasia) in Mexico City, in the central state of Aguascalientes (since 6 April 2009) and, since 1 September 2009, in the Western state of Michoacán. A similar law extending the same provisions at the national level has been approved by the senate and an initiative decriminalizing active euthanasia has entered the same legislative chamber on 13 April 2007.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: All forms of euthanasia are banned in Moldova. They are prohibited by Articles 150 and 162 of the Criminal Code. According to their opinion:


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: In the 1973 "Postma case" a physician was convicted for having facilitated the death of her mother following repeated explicit requests for euthanasia. While upholding the conviction, the court's judgment set out criteria when a doctor would not be required to keep a patient alive contrary to their will. This set of criteria was formalized in the course of a number of court cases during the 1980s.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: In 2001, the Netherlands passed a law legalizing euthanasia including physician-assisted suicide. This law codifies the twenty-year-old convention of not prosecuting doctors who have committed euthanasia in very specific cases, under very specific circumstances. The Ministry of Public Health, Wellbeing and Sports claims that this practice "allows a person to end their life in dignity after having received every available type of palliative care." The United Nations has reviewed and commented on the Netherlands euthanasia law.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: In September 2004 the Groningen Protocol was developed, which sets out criteria to be met for carrying out child euthanasia without the physician being prosecuted.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: Voluntary euthanasia is legal in New Zealand, following the enforcement of the End of Life Choice Act 2019 on November 7, 2021. Assisted suicide is illegal under Section 179 of the New Zealand Crimes Act 1961, which renders it a criminal offence to "aid and abet suicide", meaning the choice most solely be down to the individual on requirement that they have a terminal illness.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: Two decriminalisation attempts – the Death With Dignity Bill 1995 and the Death With Dignity Bill 2003 – failed, the latter by only a three-vote margin within the New Zealand Parliament. In May 2012, Labour Party of New Zealand MP Maryan Street introduced a private member's bill into the ballot box, the End of Life Choices Bill, which was taken over by MP Iain Lees-Galloway when she failed to get re-elected in the 2014 General Election. The bill was dropped in December 2014 at the request of Labour Party leader Andrew Little as the issue was deemed to be distracting from bigger issues that concerned the party.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: In November 2019, ACT MP David Seymour's End of Life Choice Bill, which will legalise assisted suicide for a select group of people if successful, passed its third reading 69 votes in favor to 51 opposed. In return for the New Zealand First party's support of the bill through its third reading, the bill was subject to a binding referendum held alongside the 2020 general election, which took place on 17 October 2020. The referendum passed with 65.1% of the vote, with the results officially declared on 7 November 2020. The End of Life Choice Act came into force on 7 November 2021, 12 months after the official results were declared.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: Active voluntary euthanasia remains illegal, though a caregiver may receive a reduced punishment for taking the life of someone who consents to it.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: Euthanasia is a delict under the laws of Peru, although there have been some attempts to reform them.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: In October 2009, the Reviser Special Commission of the Penal Code of the Parliament expressed its support of a proposal that tried to amend article 112 of the Penal Code, but it did not succeed.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: However, at the beginning of 2015, the case of the Chilean woman young Valentina Maureira, who suffered from cystic fibrosis, an incurable disease, and who asked that euthanasia be allowed in her country, attracted the interest of the press of Chile and also of foreign media.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: On 4 March of the same year, the Peruvian legislator Roberto Angulo Álvarez, membership of Dignity and Democracy parliamentary group, motivated by this case, presented a bill that proposed to allow assisted death in case of terminal or degenerative disease, with the objective of "avoid the physical and psychological pains of the patient, as well the unnecessary expenses for the family members and the State". Angulo Álvarez also argued that his legislative project "would contribute to respect for individual freedom and human dignity".


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: Active euthanasia in the Polish Criminal Code is defined as always appearing under the influence of sympathy for the suffering person and at their request. It is forbidden; it is treated as a kind of murder punishable in a milder way. The perpetrator is punishable by imprisonment of between 3 months and 5 years. Exceptionally, a court may apply leniency or even waive the sentence. The provision of Article 150 of the Penal Code, which defines the crime of euthanasia murder, does not, however, explicitly require the person requesting it to be terminally ill, but this requirement is introduced by case law. A specific type of crime related to euthanasia in the broad sense of the term is assistance to suicide (Article 151 of the Penal Code), which also includes so-called euthanasic assistance to suicide, i.e. facilitating the suicide of a terminally ill person.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: Following the 2019 elections, in February 2020, it was approved by Assembly of the Republic left-wing and liberal parties. On 29 January 2021, the Assembly of the Republic approved the final version of the law, with 136 votes supporting the bill. The President of the Republic, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa - Catholic - asked the country's Constitutional Court to evaluate the law on February 18. On March 15 the top Court said the law was imprecise in identifying the circumstances under which the procedures can occur and thus declaring it unconstitutional.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: When arrived back at parliament, the bill was re-worded and passed again: On November 5, 2021, the Portuguese Parliament passed the now revised bill which aimed at fixing constitutional concerns. The President vetoed again the bill after consulting the Constitutional Court. Portugal faced a snap election on January 30 of 2022. A poll taken in 2020 showed almost 50.5 percent of Portuguese people support decriminalization.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: On June 9, 2022, the Portuguese lawmakers made a third attempt, approving it generally in Parliament. The four approved bills will now be blended in a parliamentary committee and then approved in a final voting.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: Euthanasia is illegal in the Philippines. In 1997, the Philippine Senate considered passing a bill legalizing passive euthanasia. The bill met strong opposition from the country's Catholic Church. If legalized the Philippines would have been the first country to legalize euthanasia. Under current laws, doctors assisting a patient to die can be imprisoned and charged with malpractice.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: According to the Criminal Code, euthanasia in Romania is not allowed and is punishable by imprisonment from 1 to 5 years.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: "The murder committed at the explicit, serious, conscious and repeated request of the victim who was suffering from an incurable disease or a serious medical illness, causing permanent suffering and unbearable, is punishable by imprisonment from one to five years," according to article 190 of the newest Penal Code.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: As of November 2011 a Russian Federal Law No.323 bans euthanasia under provision of Article 45. There is no known law that punishes specifically illegal euthanasia practices though.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: Euthanasia is illegal in Serbia. As Article 117, "Compassionate Murder" recalls — "Whoever deprives an adult of his life out of compassion due to the difficult health condition in which that person finds himself, and at his serious and explicit request, will be punished by imprisonment from six months to five years."


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: In Slovakia, euthanasia is prohibited, because according to criminal law it is a crime and at the same time according to Art. 15 par. 2 of the Constitution of the Slovak Republic "no one shall be deprived of his life."


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: The National Assembly and The Ministry of Health and Welfare voted in favor of passive euthanasia and went into effect since February 2018, and has announced to issue a "Well-Dying" Bill. However, the topic and debate of euthanasia in South Korea sparked for a long time, starting back on 4 December 1997 when a doctor was sent to prison for a major duration for voluntarily cutting life support of a braindead patient who injured himself from a head trauma, upon the request of his wife. This incident is well known in Korea as 'Boramae Hospital Incident' (보라매병원 사건). Another incident that sparked further debate was from the imprisonment of a father who unplugged a respirator for his braindead son.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: Patients who qualify for active or passive euthanasia in South Korea are reserved for the terminally ill with a nonexistent chance of recovery. Patients who have a beneficial reaction to any medications, or are not in a rapidly deteriorating state of health leading to imminent death may not be qualified. Patients must have a confirmation of a registered physician and a doctor to die under dignity, and comatose patients must have the approval of both guardians.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: In February 2020 the Spanish parliament voted to approve plans to legalise voluntary euthanasia. The bill went to committee and the Senate before a final vote in the lower house. The lower house approved the bill in December 2020.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: On 17 December 2020, the Congress of Deputies passed a bill to regulate the right to euthanasia. The final draft, whose intellectual authorship was attributed to María Luisa Carcedo, commanded the support from 192 legislators (PSOE, Podemos, ERC, Ciudadanos, Junts per Catalunya, PNV, Bildu, CUP, Más País, BNG), the opposition from 138 (PP, Vox, UPN) and 2 abstentions. Given widespread parliamentary support and the incorporation of minor amendments, the law returned to the Congress of Deputies for final approval.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: On 18 March 2021, Spain's parliament voted in favour of the final reading of the bill, thus making it law. It was sanctioned by the King on 24 March 2021 and published in the BOE the next day. The law came into force on 25 June 2021, three months after its publication.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: Passive euthanasia was deemed legal after a landmark court ruling in 2010. That means a health care professional can legally cease life support upon request from a patient if they understand the consequences stated by their health care provider, and administering a lethal substance is also illegal.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: In Switzerland, deadly drugs may be prescribed to a Swiss person or to a foreigner, where the recipient takes an active role in the drug administration. More generally, article 115 of the Swiss penal code, which came into effect in 1942 (having been written in 1918), considers assisting suicide a crime only if the motive is selfish.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: Euthanasia is strictly forbidden in Turkey. The aide who helped a person to suicide or other ways to kill oneself will be punished for assisting and encouraging suicide under the stipulation of article 84 of the Turkish Criminal Law. In condition of active euthanasia, article 81 of the same law sets forth that any person who carries out this act will be judged and punished for life imprisonment just like a simple murder.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: Active euthanasia is illegal in the United Kingdom. Any person found to be assisting suicide is breaking the law and can be convicted of assisting suicide or attempting to do so. Between 2003 and 2006 Lord Joffe made four attempts to introduce bills that would have legalised voluntary euthanasia – all were rejected by the UK Parliament. Currently, Dr Nigel Cox is the only British doctor to have been convicted of attempted euthanasia. He was given a 12-month suspended sentence in 1992.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: In regard to the principle of double effect, in 1957 Judge Devlin in the trial of Dr John Bodkin Adams ruled that causing death through the administration of lethal drugs to a patient, if the intention is solely to alleviate pain, is not considered murder even if death is a potential or even likely outcome.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: Passive euthanasia is legal, by way of advance decisions giving patients the right to refuse life saving treatment. Food and liquid can also be withdrawn from someone in a permanent vegetative state without the need for court approval.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: Active euthanasia is illegal throughout the United States. Patients retain the rights to refuse medical treatment and to receive appropriate management of pain at their request (passive euthanasia), even if the patients' choices hasten their deaths. Additionally, futile or disproportionately burdensome treatments, such as life-support machines, may be withdrawn under specified circumstances and, under federal law and most state laws only with the informed consent of the patient or, in the event of the incompetence of the patient, with the informed consent of the legal surrogate. The Supreme Court of the United States has not dealt with "quality of life issues" or "futility issues" and appears to only condone active or passive "euthanasia" (not legally defined) when there is clear and convincing evidence that informed consent to the euthanasia, passive or active, has been obtained from the competent patient or the legal surrogate of the incompetent patient.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: While active euthanasia is illegal throughout the U.S., assisted suicide is legal in Colorado, Oregon, Hawaii, Washington, Vermont, Maine, New Jersey, California, the District of Columbia, one county in New Mexico, and is "de facto" legal in Montana. Additionally, Louisiana specifically prohibits euthanasia in its Bill of Rights as cruel and unusual punishment.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: Since 1933 the Penal Code of Uruguay, article 37, accepts Compassionate Homicide, the first legal document that include euthanasia, although legal document didn't use this denomination. In another article, 127, the judge could waive the doctor, if this action was made by patient pledge and the doctor had an honorable reputation. The main source of this Penal Code was Jimenéz de Asúa, a Spanish penalist, that introduced this concept in his book "Libertad de amar y derecho a morir: ensayos de un criminalista sobre eugenesia, eutanasia, endocrinología", published in Madrid/Spain, in 1928. The first proposal to understand Euthanasia as homicide was made by Ruy Santos in his MD thesis, "Da resistencia dos estados mórbidos à therapeutica e da incurabilidade perante a euthanásia", at Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia/Brazil, in 1928. He made a difference between Euthanasia as homicide and Euthanasia as suicide, probably the first citation about Assisted Suicide.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: There are a number of historical studies about the thorough euthanasia-related policies of professional associations. In their analysis, . found it necessary to distinguish such topics as euthanasia, physician-assisted suicide, informed consent and refusal, advance directives, pregnant patients, surrogate decision-making (including neonates), DNR orders, irreversible loss of consciousness, quality of life (as a criterion for limiting end-of-life care), withholding and withdrawing intervention, and futility. Similar distinctions presumably are found outside the U.S., as with the highly contested statements of the British Medical Association.


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: On euthanasia (narrowly defined here as directly causing death), Brody sums up the U.S. medical NGO arena:


title: Legality of euthanasia

text: Other NGOs that advocate for and against various euthanasia-related policies are found throughout the world. Among proponents, perhaps the leading NGO is the UK's Dignity in Dying, the successor to the (Voluntary) Euthanasia Society. In addition to professional and religious groups, there are NGOs opposed to euthanasia found in various countries.


title: Pink triangle

text: A pink triangle has been a symbol for the LGBTQ+ community, initially intended as a badge of shame, but later reclaimed as a positive symbol of self-identity and love for queerness. In Nazi Germany in the 1930s and 1940s, it began as one of the Nazi concentration camp badges, distinguishing those imprisoned because they had been identified by authorities as gay men. In the 1970s, it was revived as a symbol of protest against homophobia and for queer liberation, and has since been adopted by the larger LGBTQ+ community as a popular symbol of LGBTQ pride and the LGBTQ rights and queer liberation movements.


title: Pink triangle

text: In Nazi concentration camps, each prisoner was required to wear a downward-pointing, equilateral triangular cloth badge on their chest, the color of which identified the stated reason for their imprisonment. Early on, prisoners perceived as gay men were variously identified with a green triangle (indicating criminals) or red triangle (political prisoners), the number "175" (referring to Paragraph 175, the section of the German penal code criminalizing homosexual activity), or the letter "A" (which stood for , literally "arse fucker").


title: Pink triangle

text: Later, the use of a pink triangle was established for prisoners identified as homosexual men, which also included bisexual men and transgender women. (Lesbian and bisexual women and trans men were not systematically imprisoned; some were classified as "asocial", wearing a black triangle.) The pink triangle was also assigned to others considered sexual deviants, including zoophiles and pedophiles in addition to sex offenders. If a prisoner was also identified as Jewish, the triangle was superimposed over a second yellow triangle pointing the opposite way, to resemble the Star of David like the yellow badge identifying other Jews. Prisoners wearing a pink triangle were harshly treated by most other prisoners.


title: Pink triangle

text: After the camps were liberated at the end of the Second World War, some of the prisoners imprisoned for homosexuality were re-incarcerated by the Allied-established Federal Republic of Germany, as the Nazi laws against homosexuality were not repealed there until 1969. An out homosexual man named Heinz Dörmer, for instance, served in a Nazi concentration camp and then in the jails of the new Republic. The Nazi amendments to Paragraph 175, which turned homosexuality, previously labeled as a minor offense, into a felony, remained intact in East Germany until 1968 and in West Germany until 1969. West Germany continued to imprison those identified as homosexual until 1994 under a revised version of the Paragraph, which still made sex between men up to the age of 21—as well as queer male sex work—illegal. While many, though not all, lawsuits seeking monetary compensation have failed, in 2002 the German government issued an official apology to gay men who were persecuted during the war.


title: Pink triangle

text: Rudolf Brazda, one of the last known homosexual concentration camp survivors, died on August 3, 2011 at the age of 98.


title: Pink triangle

text: In the 1970s, newly active Australian, European and North American queer liberation advocates began to use the pink triangle to raise awareness of its use in Nazi Germany. In 1972, gay concentration camp survivor Heinz Heger's memoir ("The Men with the Pink Triangle") brought it to greater public attention. In response, the German gay liberation group issued a call in 1973 for gay men to wear it as a memorial to past victims and to protest continuing discrimination. In the 1975 movie "The Rocky Horror Picture Show", Dr. Frank N. Furter—a bisexual transvestite—wears a pink triangle badge on one of his outfits. In 1976, Peter Recht, Detlef Stoffel, and Christiane Schmerl made the German documentary ("Pink Triangle? That was such a long time ago..."). Publications such as San Francisco's "Gay Sunshine" and Toronto's "The Body Politic" promoted the pink triangle as a memorial to those who had faced persecution and oppression.


title: Pink triangle

text: In the 1980s, the pink triangle was increasingly used not just as a memorial but as a positive symbol of both self-identity and community identity. It commonly represented both gay and lesbian identity, and was incorporated into the logos of such organizations and businesses. It was also used by individuals, sometimes discreetly or ambiguously as an "insider" code unfamiliar to the heterosexual majority. The logo for the 1987 March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights was a silhouette of the US Capitol Dome superimposed over a pink triangle.


title: Pink triangle

text: Taking a more militant tone, the AIDS Coalition To Unleash Power (ACT UP) was formed by six gay activists in New York City in 1987, and to draw attention to the disease's disproportionate impact on gay and m-spec men, and the apparent role of "genocidal" queer-antagonism in slowing progress on medical research, adopted an upward-pointing pink triangle on a black field along with the slogan "SILENCE = DEATH" as its logo. Some use the triangle in this orientation as a specific "reversal" of its usage by the Nazis. The Pink Panthers Movement in Denver, Colorado adopted a pink triangle with clawed panther print logo, adapted from the original Pink Panthers Patrol in New York City.


title: Pink triangle

text: In the 1990s, a pink triangle enclosed in a green circle came to be commonly used as a symbol identifying "safe spaces" for LGBTQ+ people at work or in school.


title: Pink triangle

text: The pink triangle served as the basis for the "biangles", a symbol of bisexual identity which consists of pink and blue triangles overlapping in a lavender or purple area. The pink and blue symbolize either homosexuality and attraction to people of other a/genders (which can still be queer desire) reflecting some bisexuals' and biromantics' attraction to both the same a/gender(s) and other a/genders.


title: Pink triangle

text: Use of the pink triangle symbol is not without criticism. In 1993, historian Klaus Müller argued that "the pink triangles of the concentration camps became an international symbol of gay and lesbian pride because so few of us are haunted by concrete memories of those who were forced to wear them."


title: Pink triangle

text: The symbol of the pink triangle has been included in numerous public monuments and memorials. In 1980 a jury chose the pink triangle design for the Homomonument in Amsterdam, to memorialize gay and m-spec men killed in the Holocaust (and also victims of anti-gay violence generally). In 1995, after a decade of campaigning for it, a pink triangle plaque was installed at the Dachau Memorial Museum to commemorate the suffering of gay men and lesbians. In 2015 a pink triangle was incorporated into Chicago's Legacy Walk. It is the basis of the design of the Gay and Lesbian Holocaust Memorial in Sydney. In 2001 it inspired both San Francisco's Pink Triangle Park in the Castro and the Pink Triangle on Twin Peaks that is displayed every year during the Pride weekend. It is also the basis for LGBTQ+ memorials in Barcelona, Sitges, and Montevideo, and the burial component of the LGBTQ+ Pink Dolphin Monument in Galveston.


title: The Bachelor (American season 26)

text: The twenty-sixth season of "The Bachelor" premiered on January 3, 2022, with Jesse Palmer as host. This season featured 28-year-old Clayton Echard, a medical sales representative from Eureka, Missouri.


title: The Bachelor (American season 26)

text: Echard finished in eighth place on the eighteenth season of "The Bachelorette" featuring Michelle Young.


title: The Bachelor (American season 26)

text: The season concluded on March 15, 2022, with Echard's final choice, 28-year-old wedding videographer Susie Evans, rejecting him. Evans was the first person in the show's history to reject the lead's proposal. However, during the live "After the Final Rose" special, it was revealed that they had since gotten back together, and they moved in together in Virginia Beach, Virginia in April 2022. They announced their breakup on September 23, 2022.


title: The Bachelor (American season 26)

text: In August 2021, it was reported that men from "The Bachelorette" who had been considered for the lead role were Tyler Cameron and Mike Johnson from season 15; Ben Smith from season 16; and Greg Grippo, Andrew Spencer and Michael Allio from season 17. Both Spencer and Allio eventually went on to compete in season 8 of "Bachelor in Paradise".


title: The Bachelor (American season 26)

text: On September 15, 2021, media outlets reported that Clayton Echard was named the Bachelor. The next day, the production crew was reported in his hometown of Eureka, Missouri filming footage for this upcoming season, just one week after the filming of season 18 had concluded. Echard was then officially announced as The Bachelor on November 30, after the conclusion of the Hometown Dates episode in that season.


title: The Bachelor (American season 26)

text: On September 28, 2021, it was announced that season five bachelor Jesse Palmer would host the season, replacing former host Chris Harrison. Harrison departed the franchise in June following backlash after his support for Rachael Kirkconnell, the winner of the previous season, whose photos resurfaced of her attending an Antebellum South-themed party. Palmer then further confirmed the news on Instagram in October 2021.


title: The Bachelor (American season 26)

text: Notable contestants include Hurricane Sandy survivor Daria Rose; Denver Broncos cheerleader Gabby Windey, who is the ex-girlfriend of "The Bachelorette" and "Bachelor in Paradise" contestant Dean Unglert; Olympic sprinter Marlena Wesh, who represented Haiti at the 2012 Summer Olympics; Miss Virginia USA 2020 and Miss USA 2020 competitor Susie Evans; Miss South Carolina Teen 2015 and top 10 finalist at Miss America's Outstanding Teen 2016 Sarah Hamrick; Miss Teen America 2013 Lindsay Dobbs; and Oppenheim Group realtor Kate Gallivan, who appeared in the series "Selling Sunset".


title: The Bachelor (American season 26)

text: The season reverted to its standard production format and initial filming location in Agoura Hills, California. This was the first season that the crew filmed at the Villa de la Vina mansion, also known as The Bachelor Mansion, since season 24. The previous season of this show and seasons 16 and 17 of "The Bachelorette" were filmed in a bio-secure bubble zone, while season 18 of "The Bachelorette" took place mostly in the United States with limited travel, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: The Bachelor (American season 26)

text: Filming began on September 29, 2021, on its traditional production schedule with interstate and international travel throughout the season. Filming was reported in Houston, Texas at NRG Stadium; in October 2021 in Iceland in November 2021; at Harpa Concert Hall in Reykjavík; and at Ingólfsskáli Viking Restaurant in Ölfus. Additionally, the season includes visits to the Canadian provinces of Ontario, Croatia and Austria.


title: The Bachelor (American season 26)

text: 33 potential contestants were revealed on September 25, 2021, on the official Bachelor Facebook page.


title: The Bachelor (American season 26)

text: However, one of the contestants, Salley Carson, a 26-year-old spine-surgery robot operator from Greenville, South Carolina, made the decision to drop out of the show just hours before the limo arrived. As a result, only 30 women participated in the show.


title: The Bachelor (American season 26)

text: Eliza Isichei, Ency Abedin, Genevieve Parisi, Hailey Malles, Hunter Haag, Jill Chin, Kate Gallivan, Kira Mengistu, Lyndsey Windham, Mara Agreat, Salley Carson, Sarah Hamrick, Serene Russell, Shanae Ankney, Sierra Jackson, and Teddi Wright returned for season 8 of "Bachelor in Paradise". Haag, Malles, and Mengistu were eliminated in week 1. Wright, Jackson, and Carson quit in week 2. Mengistu returned in week 2 and left in a relationship with Romeo Alexander later that day. Chin and Hamrick quit during week 3, the latter had to leave due to the death of a family member. Abedin, Windham, and Agrait quit in week 5. Isichei and Gallivan split from Rodney Mathews and Logan Palmer, respectively, in week 5. Ankney and Parisi split from Joey Young and Aaron Clancy, respectively, in week 6. Russell got engaged to Brandon Jones in week 6.


title: The Bachelor (American season 26)

text: Windey was chosen to participate in season 31 of "Dancing with the Stars" partnering with Val Chmerkovskiy. They finished the competition as the runner-up.


title: The Bachelor (American season 26)

text: Shanae Ankney came under fire for alleged ableist comments to Elizabeth Corrigan, who has ADHD. When Corrigan claimed she could not process things as well due to her condition, Ankney mocked her and even accused her of staging her condition. Corrigan responded by posting a TikTok video about mental health after the airing of the episode. During the airing of the season, Echard released a public apology to Corrigan, stating that he would have sent Ankney home immediately had he known about her comments. However, contestants Lyndsey Windham and Sierra Jackson disputed Echard's claims stating that he knew Ankney mocked Corrigan and kept Ankney anyway.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: The Isuzu Trooper is a full-size SUV that was produced by the Japanese automaker Isuzu between 1981 and 2007. In the domestic Japanese market it was sold as the Isuzu Bighorn, the car was exported internationally mainly as a Trooper but it also received several other nameplates including Acura SLX, Chevrolet Trooper, Subaru Bighorn, SsangYong Korando Family, Honda Horizon, Opel Monterey, Vauxhall Monterey, Holden Jackaroo, and Holden Monterey.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: In total, there were two generations of this vehicle: the first, produced between 1981 and 1991; and the second (UBS) produced between 1991 and 2007, with a substantial refresh in 1998. Production ended in 2007.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: The Trooper began as a rather basic and somewhat underpowered on- and off-road vehicle, offered only with four-cylinder motor, four-speed manual transmission, and part-time four-wheel drive. The first generation evolved to add both amenities and luxuries, including optional air-conditioning, power windows, and a more powerful V6 engine. The second generation was even more refined and available in two-wheel drive as well as four-wheel drive.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: The first-generation Trooper was available as a three-door wagon or a soft top with independent front suspension. The soft-top model sold slowly and did not last long. In the Japanese market, the car was originally introduced as the "Isuzu Rodeo Bighorn", but the "Rodeo" part of the name was soon dropped. Early engines included a 1.95-liter gasoline and a 2.2-liter diesel, lightly powered even by early-1980s standards for the vehicle's empty weight. The four-wheel-drive system was engaged by operating a three-position shifter adjacent to the transmission shifter. Both Aisin manual-locking and Isuzu's own auto-locking hubs were employed.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: In 1986, Isuzu introduced the five-door version and the 4ZD1 four-cylinder engine 2.3-liter petrol engine. Apart from higher power, changes to the previous engine included a Kevlar timing belt replacing the previous chain, and a larger two-barrel carburetor. This engine eventually proved somewhat problematic with a high incidence of burned valves due to poor coolant-flow design of the overhead cam/valve head with mechanical lifters. A later head casting improvement by an Italian firm corrected this problem through improved coolant flow. Also available only for 1986 in the US was the 2.2-liter C223T turbocharged diesel engine, using a Garrett turbocharger. It was not a popular option because of the low power generated, and furthermore is notorious for a weak bottom end, the connecting rods not originally designed for the increased thermal and mechanical stress of forced induction. Because of those problems, Isuzu North America changed to the larger 4ZE1 four-cylinder petrol unit for 1988 and used the standard 2.8-liter GM V6 for 1989 until their own new V6 engines could be manufactured.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: In 1987, the rectangular headlights were introduced, and LS trim was available for the five doors. For 1988, the 4ZD1 (2.3-liter) engine was upgraded to 110 hp, and introduced a 2.6-liter (4ZE1) "I-TEC" fuel-injected engine for the US market. In 1989, an optional General Motors 2.8-liter pushrod V6 borrowed from the Chevrolet S-10 pickup was also available. Later first-generation models offered an optional four-speed automatic transmission. Models from 1988 to 1991 were equipped with live rear axles and four-wheel disc brakes.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: Overseas model engines included the Isuzu C223 (2,238 cc), C223T (a turbocharged version of the same) and in the late 1980s naturally aspirated and turbocharged 2.8-liter 4JB1 diesel versions, all straight-four engines.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: The turbocharged 2.8-liter originally produced , not much more than the of the considerably smaller C223T due to new stricter emissions standards. Later versions with intercoolers fitted offered as much as .


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: In 1989 only, a short-wheelbase (90-inch) Isuzu Trooper was imported to the US market as the Trooper RS. All of these short wheelbase Troopers were equipped with 2.6-liter fuel-injected inline-four engines, 4.77:1 differential gears and 15×7-inch aluminium alloy "snowflake" pattern wheels. Automatic and manual transmissions were offered.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: In Central America, Troopers were offered with removable roofs and a higher wheel clearance. Powertrain options included the Isuzu 2.8-liter turbo diesel. The Trooper was also sold in Australia and New Zealand as the Holden Jackaroo, named after an Australian slang term for a young man working on a sheep or cattle station. The standard Trooper was also sold under the Isuzu nameplate in New Zealand only. In Indonesia, where it was locally assembled by Garmak Motors, it was sold as the Chevrolet Trooper.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: Around 1987 a two-wheel-drive version called the Chevrolet Stallion was developed there; it has the Trooper's body on the chassis of a rear-wheel-drive Chevrolet LUV. It also has a rigid front axle instead of the Trooper's independent design. There was also a locally developed SUV model of the Isuzu Pickups built in the early 1980s called the Holden Lincah and Holden Raider. While similar to a Trooper in many ways it was a simpler vehicle and has bodywork partially made of fibreglass. In Venezuela was known as Caribe 442.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: In 1988, SsangYong Motors started licensed production of the Isuzu Trooper and sold it as the Korando Family. It was only marketed in South Korea, Scandinavia, Southeast Asia and to a lesser degree South America. It used the same 2.2-liter diesel engine (Korean-built units being called "DC23" rather than C223) but as of September 1991 the naturally aspirated Peugeot 2.5-liter XD3P diesel engine also became available. Isuzu's fuel injected 2.6-liter petrol engine was also installed, beginning in July 1991.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: In August 1994 the Korando Family received a facelift, becoming the "New Family" in the process. This also meant that all previous engine options were replaced by a 2.3-liter Mercedes-Benz OM601 diesel engine. The Family was discontinued in 1996, as the next generation Korando was presented.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: In 1991 for the 1992 model year, Isuzu completely redesigned the Trooper to keep pace with changes in the SUV marketplace, making it larger, more powerful, and more luxurious. These vehicles used a 3.2 L (SOHC) petrol engine or 3.2-liter dual overhead cam (DOHC) version rated at . A SOHC 3.2-liter engine producing was introduced in 1996, replacing the earlier DOHC engine in selected export markets. Most models still used a part-time four-wheel-drive system, which required stopping the vehicle to engage and disengage the front axle. Starting in model year 1996, some Troopers came with a "shift-on-the-fly" engagement system.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: From 1992, the UBS series was available with a pushrod overhead valve (OHV) 3.1-liter inline-four engine intercooled turbo diesel (designated "4JG2") producing at 3,600 rpm, and at 2,000 rpm. It was offered as a more rugged and fuel-efficient option for towing and heavy-duty operation, relative to the standard 3.2-liter petrol. The diesel-powered Jackaroo was available with a five-speed manual transmission and manual front hubs only coupled to a part-time four-wheel drive system with open front and limited slip rear differentials. The 3.2-liter V6 petrol engine version was also available with an optional four-speed automatic transmission with automatic locking front hubs. The same diesel engine was also available in the UK and other markets with a belt-driven overhead camshaft, which developed slightly more power. After 1998, and the introduction of the "4JX1" 3.0-liter diesel engine, a four-speed automatic transmission was made available in addition to the five-speed manual transmission.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: The Australian version of the UBS-series was sold as the Holden Jackaroo/Monterey. In July 1993, Holden Special Vehicles also launched 79 HSV Jackaroo models, which were just a cosmetic upgrade to Holden donor powered by the same 3.2-liter (SOHC) petrol engine.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: Around the same period, General Motors, Isuzu and Honda established a working relationship that saw the two-box design of the 5-door Trooper designed by GM with Honda providing petrol engine options and Isuzu providing diesel engine options. Under this partnership the Trooper was thus sold in Japan as the Honda Horizon (1994 to 1999), in Europe as the Opel Monterey, in the United Kingdom as the Vauxhall Monterey (1994-1998), in Australia as the Holden Jackaroo (1998-2002), and in the United States as the Acura SLX (1996 to 1999). The Trooper received a mid-life facelift in 1998 with new grille, bumper, headlamps, and front fenders. The rear received a body-colored, hard spare-tire cover.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: The 1998 Australasian and US-spec Trooper became equipped with the DOHC 3.5-liter engine from the Isuzu/Holden Rodeo producing . European and Asian buyers could opt for the diesel engine option of the 4JG2 3.1-liter (later superseded by the 4JX1 3.0-liter of ). A Borg-Warner torque-on-demand ("TOD") all-wheel-drive system was introduced, along with freshened styling. The grille was redesigned again for the 2000 model year.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: Transmission options included a five-speed manual transmission, the Aisin AR5 and the electronically controlled "4L30E" four-speed automatic. The "4l30E" was fitted with both a "power" shift feature allowing the gearbox to take better advantage of the engine's power by adjusting the shifting nature and a "winter" mode permitting third gear starts for added stability in slippery conditions. The 2000 to 2002 Trooper included a feature called "Grade Logic" which allowed the transmission to automatically downshift on steep grades in order to slow the vehicle down.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: The suspension consisted of a fully independent torsion bar front suspension, and a multilink coil sprung rear suspension integrated with a solid rear axle.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: While US-spec Troopers came only equipped with five seats, elsewhere in the world a seven-seater version was also offered. Optional on all models was a rear limited slip differential. In the US the three-door RS model was sold only from 1993 to 1995. The Trooper LS and S models offered cargo space, while Limited models had .


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: In 2002, the Trooper was discontinued in the United States in favor of the smaller Axiom and the larger GM-produced Isuzu Ascender, a rebadged GMC Envoy.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: A Trooper with the 16-valve 3.0-liter 4JX1-TC engine was sold in the Philippines from 2002 until model year 2005. Known as the Skyroof Edition, it came in a rear-wheel-drive configuration with anti-lock brakes, a limited slip differential, billet-type radiator grille, and large power moonroof. Other standard options included leather seats, wood trim, and a VCD entertainment system. It was later succeeded by the Isuzu Alterra.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: The "Acura SLX" was a lightly upgraded and rebadged Isuzu Trooper sold by the Acura division of Honda from 1995 to 1999, as 1996 to 1999 year models. Sold only in the United States, the SLX was later replaced by the Acura MDX in 2001.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: The SLX omitted some of the options available on Troopers from concurrent model years, including the manual transmission and certain engines. From 1996 to 1997 the SLX was only available with the 3.2-liter SOHC or DOHC V6 engine, switching to the new 3.5-liter DOHC V6 engine in 1998. The SLX received a restyled front end for the 1998 model year, but continued to sell poorly and was ultimately discontinued after 1999. It is said that sales were affected by bad press when the 1996 to 1997 models were rated "Not Acceptable" by "Consumer Reports" for their tendency to roll over during testing (see Rollover Controversy, below). Autotrader says it has a 3-star safety rating (Front and Passenger) and the base entry price was $36,300.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: In Europe, the Trooper/Big Horn was sold as an Opel from 1992 to 1999. Called the Monterey, the plate lasted until 1999 on the continent (as an Opel) and from 1994 to 1998 in Great Britain, where the Vauxhall badge was used, but it was not a strong seller and was withdrawn from sale a year before the Opel version on the continent. The Monterey name also saw use by Holden in Australia, at first (from 1994) as the top equipment level (V6 only) for what was there called the Jackaroo, but later as a standalone nameplate for the more luxurious part of the range.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: The second-generation Trooper received negative press in the United States when the 1995–1997 models were rated "Not Acceptable" by "Consumer Reports" for an alleged tendency to roll over under testing.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: In response to a petition from the publication's publisher, Consumers Union, the National Highway Traffic Administration conducted its own tests and found no issue that could lead to a need for a recall. However, Isuzu suggested that the magazine's claims had hurt sales of the vehicle.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: After the release of the NHTSA report, Isuzu filed a lawsuit against Consumers Union seeking $242 million in damages, claiming that during Consumer Reports's tests the steering wheel had been twisted more sharply than "a driver is willing or able to make in response to an unexpected event.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: The judge in the suit, Richard Paez, determined that because Isuzu had engaged in an extensive public relations campaign to refute the claims prior to filing suit, it was considered a public figure, raising the standard for defamation from a simple preponderance of evidence that the report was false to "clear and convincing evidence" that "Consumer Reports" published the article knowing it was false or with reckless disregard for whether it was true or false.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: The defamation suit went to a jury, which found that eight of the 17 statements in the report questioned by Isuzu were false, with one displaying "reckless disregard" for the truth on the part of "Consumer Reports" magazine, but that Isuzu was not damaged by that statement. Two of the ten jurors on the panel did not believe the magazine believed that the other seven statements were untruthful when they published them. Consequently, the full jury panel did not award Isuzu monetary damages for the alleged damage to its reputation and lost sales.


title: Isuzu Trooper

text: Isuzu calculated the total cost of the "Consumer Reports" claims at $244 million. As Isuzu was denied damages on all counts, the formal court judgement in favor of Consumers Union entered by Paez required Isuzu to pay CU's "reasonable costs" of defending itself against the suit, not including attorney's fees.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: Fisker Inc. is an American automotive company founded by Henrik Fisker and his wife Geeta Gupta-Fisker. Launched in 2016 and based in Southern California, Fisker Inc. is the successor to Fisker Automotive, which produced the Fisker Karma. Fisker Inc. is developing the Fisker Ocean, an electric sport utility vehicle (SUV) with an estimated range of , with production expected to begin in late 2022. Until 2021, Fisker was working on the development of solid-state battery technologies that could enable as much as of range with a 1 minute charge.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: On July 13, 2020, Fisker Inc. announced an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange through a merger with Spartan Energy Acquisition Corp, a SPAC backed by private equity firm Apollo Global Management. On October 30, 2020, Fisker Inc. completed the reverse merger.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: In 2007, Henrik Fisker and Bernhard Koehler founded Fisker Automotive. The company produced the Fisker Karma, which debuted in 2008 and was first delivered in 2011. Production was suspended in 2012 due to the bankruptcy of its battery supplier A123 Systems, after approximately 2,000 of the vehicles had been sold worldwide. In 2014, Fisker Automotive's assets were purchased by Wanxiang Group, which renamed its new company Karma Automotive. Henrik Fisker retained the Fisker trademarks and brand.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: On October 3, 2016, chairman and CEO Henrik Fisker announced the formation of Fisker Inc., an American automaker designing and developing innovative electric vehicles with a longer range, autonomous driving capability, and advanced battery technology, with his co-founder wife Geeta Gupta-Fisker as president and CFO. Fisker stated in July 2016 that he was planning on designing a fully connected electric car with autonomous driving features and an aesthetically pleasing look. On October 31, 2016, Fisker Inc. released the design and specifications of the forthcoming electric vehicle, the Fisker EMotion.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: In November 2017, the company announced the development of the Orbit, a fully autonomous, connected, electric shuttle, intended to service smart cities, public airports and campuses. That month, Fisker Inc. announced it had filed patents on flexible solid-state battery designs, with the batteries expected to be produced on a mass scale around 2020.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: On July 8, 2020, Fisker announced the completion of a $50 million Series C financing round funded by Moore Strategic Ventures, the private investment arm of Louis Bacon.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: On July 13, 2020, Henrik Fisker announced that Fisker Inc would offer an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange through a merger with special-purpose acquisition company Spartan Energy Acquisition Corp. (NYSE:SPAQ), which is backed by private equity firm Apollo Global Management. The deal values Fisker Inc at US$2.9 billion. On October 29, 2020, Fisker announced it completed the reverse merger with Spartan Energy Acquisition Corp (NYSE:SPAQ). As of October 30, 2020, Fisker is publicly listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol FSR.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: On July 27, 2020, Fisker announced it was in discussions with Extreme E, an all-electric off-road motor racing series, on a partnership, and potentially entering a works team in Extreme E's inaugural five-race 2021 season. The series is tentatively scheduled to hold races in areas affected by climate issues, including Senegal, Saudi Arabia, Nepal, Greenland, and Brazil.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: On July 30, 2020, Fisker announced plans for a four-vehicle portfolio by 2025. The Fisker Ocean SUV will be joined by a sports sedan based on their previously announced Fisker Emotion concept, a coupe-like SUV, and a lifestyle pickup truck. All will be electric vehicles.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: On September 24, 2020, Fisker opened a new technology center in San Francisco, to be a focal point for the development of the company's software and vehicle electronics. On October 14, 2020, Fisker announced its new global headquarters will be located in Manhattan Beach in Los Angeles County, California. Named Inception, it will include design and engineering facilities.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: On October 15, 2020, Fisker announced it would be outsourcing vehicle production of its Fisker Ocean electric SUV to Magna Steyr, an Austrian-based manufacturer that specializes in contract manufacturing, in order to reduce the complexities and costs related to the building and operating its own factory. Fisker plans on utilizing Magna's electric vehicle platform, and will be giving Magna a stake of up to 6% of Fisker equity. Magna will start building the Fisker Ocean in Europe in 2022.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: In October 2020, Viggo, a newly-founded Danish ride-hailing service, ordered 300 Fisker Oceans, to be delivered in late 2022. In March 2021, Fisker announced it had agreed with Crédit Agricole Consumer Finance (of Crédit Agricole Group) on the potential supply of Fisker Ocean SUVs to the European banking group. In May 2021, Fisker announced an agreement with UK electric car subscription service Onto to supply the company with up to 700 Fisker Ocean SUVs in 2023.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: On February 24, 2021, it was revealed that Taiwanese manufacturer Foxconn is in talks to manufacture Fisker's second production model. As of May 2021, the model is being referred to as Project Personal Electric Automotive Revolution, or Project PEAR. Foxconn plans on producing up to 250,000 units a year for Fisker, and aims to start production by the end of 2023. In October 2021, it was announced that Foxconn would purchase a former GM plant from Lordstown Motors, and that the company would use the facility to produce electric vehicles for Fisker as well as Lordstown.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: In May 2021, Fisker and Sharp announced an agreement for Sharp to supply screens and other such components to a series of upcoming Fisker vehicles. Following a visit by Henrik and Geeta Fisker with Pope Francis in Rome, it was announced that Fisker will produce a custom-made electric Popemobile SUV for Pope Francis, the first emissions-free, all-electric vehicle made for the Pope. It will be based on the Fisker Ocean SUV.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: Fisker aims to have four vehicles to market by 2025. In addition, the company has set a goal of creating its first climate-neutral vehicle by 2027.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: In 2021, Fisker teamed with the Motor Press Guild to create the annual Fisker-MPG Scholarship for Journalism, awarding $1,500 to a college student pursuing a degree in journalism.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: In July 2021, Fisker announced that it would be opening "global brand experience centers" in the US and Europe. The first location will open in Los Angeles, followed by one in Munich, in the first half of 2022. Other centers are planned for New York, Miami, London, and Copenhagen.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: On July 28, 2021, Fisker announced it would invest $10 million in private investment in public equity funding in the EV charging company Allego's merger with Spartan Acquisition Corp III. The deal will include a free year of charging on the Allego network for drivers in Europe who purchase a Fisker Ocean SUV from 2023 through March 2024.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: In August 2021, Fisker and Bridgestone announced a partnership in which Bridgestone would be the exclusive tire supplier for the Fisker Ocean SUV. Custom-developed Bridgestone Potenza Sport tires will be used on models in Europe and some in North America, with other models using Bespoke Alenza Sport tires.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: In October 2021, Fisker Inc. announced the establishment of Fisker Magic Works, its UK division, led by David King, responsible for specialty vehicle engineering and development. The division will focus on low-volume, specialty, and custom products.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: In November 2021, Fisker and Contemporary Amperex Technology (CATL) announced a deal for CATL to supply battery packs for the Fisker Ocean SUV. CATL will provide two different battery packs for the vehicle, with an initial battery capacity of over 5 gigawatt-hours annually, from 2023 to 2025. The primary high-capacity pack uses a lithium nickel manganese cobalt cell chemistry, and the second pack uses CATL's newest cells based on lithium-ion phosphate chemistry.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: In January 2022, Henrik Fisker announced that Fisker Inc. is setting up its first India entity, a global technology center, in Hyderabad. The company has started recruitment for the center, and plans to have a team of 300 software engineers, working mainly on software technologies. The company plans to set up a manufacturing plant in India for the PEAR, in collaboration with Foxconn. Fisker Inc. and Foxconn plan on producing 1 million units of the PEAR initially.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: On March 18, 2019, Fisker announced an all-electric SUV to be launched in 2021. The luxury vehicle is intended to be the first of three in a lineup of mass-market all-electric vehicles designed by Henrik Fisker and produced in the US. Later named the Fisker Ocean, it will have a range of "close to 300 miles", available on the lowest-cost option. The SUV will be offered in both rear- and all-wheel drive. Power will be supplied by a lithium-ion battery pack with a capacity of around 80 kWh and a solar panel roof as a range extender, adding approximately 1,000 free miles of range per year. The ultra-high performance version of the Fisker Ocean will be able to go from 0-60 mph in less than 3 seconds, faster than the performance version of the Tesla Model Y. Advanced electronics include the air conditioning unit, which will be housed under the hood. The SUV will be a sustainable vehicle, using recycled plastic from ocean debris, vegan leather, and a solar roof in its top-model spec, and it will recycle waste generated during tire manufacturing for sections of the interior, like the trunk. Even the suede used for the interior is recycled from plastic, bottles, and T-shirts.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: The look of the SUV is "dramatically sculpted" with a "futuristic, elegant muscular look". The vehicle's California Mode will open every window and panel with one button. The fascia includes styling that makes it look like a traditional grille made of a small, center high-mounted radar, behind glass where a parametric pattern dominates the lower front. The inlets in the corners send cool air to the brakes and other areas. There will be a spacious interior with a large display and a dashboard with an intuitive user interface. The Fisker Ocean measures 182.7 inches long, 76 inches wide, and 63.6 inches high, with 20 cubic feet of trunk space (increasing to a maximum of 45 cubic feet with the parcel shelf removed and the rear seats folded).


title: Fisker Inc.

text: On November 27, 2019, Fisker Inc. announced that the Fisker Ocean would be offered through its flexible lease program for a $379 per month lease payment, with a $2,999 down payment and $250 reservation fee. The Fisker lease program allows customers to return the vehicle at any time, includes maintenance and service, and comes with 30,000 miles per year. The vehicle can also be purchased from the base price of $37,499 (or $29,999 after the US tax credit). There will be five options packages for the vehicle, which will be available for potential customers to view at "experience centers" opening in 2020 at shopping malls, airports, and other locations. Fisker also announced a partnership with Electrify America to ensure Fisker Ocean vehicles will integrate seamlessly with Electrify America charging stations when the e-SUV hits the market.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: Following its appearance at the 2020 Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, the Fisker Ocean was named to Best of CES 2020 lists by publications including "Newsweek" (calling it "the greenest SUV ever"), "Time", CNET, "Digital Trends", "Business Insider", "PC Magazine", and Mashable. The prototype was built in Italy by Italdesign. In January 2020, Henrik Fisker stated that the Fisker Ocean would be sold in Germany, Norway, and Sweden in 2022 as its first European markets, ahead of a wider rollout there. More details on the Fisker Ocean were intended to be revealed at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2020. However, the Geneva Motor Show was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In spite of the cancelation, it was revealed via a press release that the Fisker Ocean will use a 150-kilowatt Combined Charging Standard (CCS) DC fast charging plug. Fisker now plans to unveil the production version of the Fisker Ocean at the LA Auto Show in November 2021. In June 2021, Fisker finalized its manufacturing deal with Magna Steyr, with production on the Fisker Ocean to begin in November 2022 at Magna's facility in Graz, Austria.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: Fisker showcased the all-electric Fisker Ocean SUV at CES in Las Vegas, following the vehicle's global reveal at the 2021 Los Angeles Auto Show. Called Fisker Intelligent Pilot, the ADAS platform integrates four types of sensors: an industry-leading surround-view camera suite, a camera-based driver-monitoring system, ultrasonic technology, and a Digital-Imaging Radar System that Fisker expects will be first to market when the Fisker Ocean begins production in November 2022. At the LA Auto Show, the Fisker Ocean won a Zevas zero-emission vehicle award in the Crossover ($50,000 and below) category.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: In November 2021, Fisker Inc committed to the United Nations Global Compact, agreeing to pursue sustainable development goals. On December 22, 2021, Fisker Inc launched an NFT series of original pen-on-paper sketches by Henrik Fisker, in a collection called Fisker by Hand: OCEAN Concept Collection. In February 2022, the Fisker Ocean made its European market debut at Mobile World Congress in Barcelona.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: As of February 2022, the company announced that it has over 30,000 reservations for the Fisker Ocean SUV and over 55 000 by August 2022.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: On November 17, 2022, mass production started. The first deliveries of the launch edition the Ocean One are expected early 2023.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: The all-electric Fisker PEAR blends sustainability, technology, and design into a digitally connected, compact, five-passenger urban EV. Featuring intuitive controls, sporty driving, clever storage, and a focus on industry firsts, the Fisker PEAR will start at $29,900 before taxes and incentives in the US. The PEAR will be built at Foxconn's plant in Lordstown, Ohio using the Foxconn MIH EV platform with an initial production target of 250,000 annually. As of February 15, 2022, Fisker Inc. has started to take reservations for the PEAR.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: On November 30, 2017, the Fisker Orbit was announced as an autonomous, connected, electric shuttle designed for smart cities. Fisker Inc. partnered with Jack Wong of Chinese company Hakim Unique Group on the self-driving electric shuttle, as well as with motor technology company Protean Electric. The shuttle will be fully connected, with two different areas with room to sit or stand. The interior design maximizes passenger space, with a large exterior digital display to inform commuters when the shuttle departs and what the next stop will be. The shuttles are intended to be used for short, shared trips, in college and corporate campuses, airports, resorts, and smart city centers. It will hold between 8 and 12 people depending on its configuration, with standing and sitting room. Fisker is developing an app that passengers can use to request the shuttle. The first test vehicle was projected to run at a corporate campus in the US in 2019.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: The Fisker EMotion is an all-electric sports sedan designed by Henrik Fisker for Fisker Inc., with a full-length panorama-style sunroof and "wide sculptural shoulders, thin taillight tubes, wide trunk opening, and aggressive lower rear diffuser to improve aerodynamics." Fisker called it "our high-tech private luxury vehicle." The EMotion is stated to run on a single charge. It is to have a top speed of , and will go from 0 to 60 in three seconds. The car will be equipped with a solid-state battery being developed by Fisker Inc. The solid-state battery is expected to yield ranges over per charge, with a one-minute charge time, which would be a longer range than any electric vehicle to date. The vehicle will have autonomous features, so that self-driving mode may be activated at a future date. The first photos of the EMotion were released on June 6, 2017, and the car itself was unveiled in January 2018 at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. It was named Best Car at CES 2018 by "PC Magazine".


title: Fisker Inc.

text: In January 2018, Fisker stated that the price of the EMotion will start at $129,000 for the base model. The four-door vehicle seats five passengers, has smartphone-controlled butterfly doors, a carbon fiber exterior, and a panoramic screen system. It also has 24-inch carbon fiber wheels, and a tinted roof made from electrochromic smart glass. It will support level 4 autonomous driving (where it can be employed in most driving situations), using advanced LiDAR-based autonomous driving sensors developed through a partnership with Quanergy. Fisker Inc. is working with Pirelli to create advanced low rolling resistance tires for the EMotion. They will be produced in Rome, Georgia.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: On February 12, 2020, Henrik Fisker tweeted, and then deleted, a rear angle render of a pickup truck badged as the Fisker Alaska. The official response from the company did not confirm the name or the product, simply stating that Fisker is working on a modular platform that can be used for multiple electric vehicle models. Ambiguous hints of an electric pickup were previously tweeted by Fisker in August 2019. In a call with shareholders in June 2021, Fisker said a pickup truck is a vehicle the company is considering adding to the lineup by 2025.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: In 2016, Fisker Inc. teamed up with Nanotech Energy to create a joint venture called Fisker Nanotech, with Jack Kavanaugh as chairman. They worked on developing a next-generation supercapacitor technology using graphene. The proposed hybrid battery using graphene supercapacitors had the potential for improved energy conducting and charging capabilities, and a better cycle life, so that the battery would not need to be swapped out as often as a pure lithium-ion battery. In July 2017, Fisker Inc. ended its joint venture with Nanotech Energy to produce batteries using graphene.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: On November 13, 2017, Fisker Inc. announced that it had filed patents on flexible solid-state battery designs, expecting the batteries to be produced on a mass scale around 2023. A prototype of the battery, which included 21700 NCM cells from LG Chem, debuted at the Consumer Electronics Show in January 2018. By July 2018 the company's scientists were ahead of schedule and had a revised target year of 2020. On Fisker Inc.'s development team is Dr. Fabio Albano, one of the founders of Sakti3, the solid-state battery startup sold to Dyson in 2015. Solid-state batteries have greater energy density and faster charging times than lithium-ion batteries. Fisker states the batteries they are developing will have an energy density 2.5 times that of current batteries, at a smaller size and lower cost than conventional lithium-ion batteries, and will be capable of providing a driving range with a one-minute charge time. The batteries will operate in temperatures as cold as .


title: Fisker Inc.

text: Fisker Inc. is developing its own technology, with partners building the cells. They are working to define their charging standard that will work with other standards of superchargers. The solid-state batteries will last "well over 1,000" charge cycles. Fisker says the batteries will take less than 10 days to produce, far less than the 50 to 60 days it takes to produce lithium ion batteries.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: In October 2018, Fisker Inc. announced new funding through Caterpillar Venture Capital, a subsidiary of the Caterpillar Inc. heavy-machinery manufacturing company, with the money going toward development of Fisker Inc.'s new solid-state battery technology. Caterpillar believes the battery will have applications in construction, energy storage, transportation and mining industries.


title: Fisker Inc.

text: In 2021, Fisker dropped its plans to use solid-state batteries. Henrik Fisker summed up the efforts in solid-state battery design as follows:


title: Fisker Inc.

text: “It’s the kind of technology where, when you feel like you’re 90 percent there, you’re almost there, until you realize the last 10 percent is much more difficult than the first 90. So we have completely dropped solid-state batteries at this point in time because we just don’t see it materializing.”


title: Fisker Inc.

text: On November 27, 2019, the company introduced the official Fisker Flexee smartphone app on iOS and Android platforms. The app allows customers to reserve the Fisker Ocean e-SUV, and to schedule test drives beginning in 2021.


title: Charles Taze Russell

text: Charles Taze Russell (February 16, 1852 – October 31, 1916), or Pastor Russell, was an American Christian restorationist minister from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and founder of what is now known as the Bible Student movement. He was an early Christian Zionist.


title: Charles Taze Russell

text: In July 1879, Russell began publishing a monthly religious magazine, "Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence". In 1881, he co-founded Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society with William Henry Conley as president; in 1884 the corporation was officially registered, with Russell as president. Russell wrote many articles, books, tracts, pamphlets and sermons, totaling approximately 50,000 printed pages. From 1886 to 1904, he published a six-volume Bible study series originally titled "Millennial Dawn", later renamed "Studies in the Scriptures", nearly 20 million copies of which were printed and distributed around the world in several languages during his lifetime. (A seventh volume was commissioned by his successor as society president, Joseph Rutherford, and published in 1917.) The Watch Tower Society ceased publication of Russell's writings in 1927, though his books are still published by several independent groups.