title: Wealth of Donald Trump

text: Mortgages on Trump's major properties—including Trump Tower, 40 Wall Street, and the Trump National Doral golf course—each fall into the "above $50 million" range, the highest reportable category on FEC filings, with Trump paying interest rates ranging from 4% to 7.125%. Mortgages on those three properties were separately reported as $100 million, $160 million, and $125 million in 2013. Trump is a leaseholder, not owner, of the land beneath 40 Wall Street. Other outstanding Trump mortgages and debts are pegged to current market interest rates. A 2012 report from Trump's accounting firm estimated $451.7 million in debt and other collateral obligations. Filings in 2015 disclosed debt of $504 million, according to "Fortune" magazine. "Bloomberg" documented debt of at least $605 million in 2016. Trump's outstanding debt was at least $650 million in August 2016, in addition to an outstanding loan of $950 million to the Bank of China and Deutsche Bank (among other creditors) on 1290 Avenue of the Americas, in which Trump is a minority owner. In April 2020, it was reported that Trump was tens of millions of dollars in debt to China. In 2012, Trump's real estate partner refinanced Trump Tower for almost $1 billion. The debt includes $211 million from the state-owned Bank of China, which matures in 2022. Trump owns a 30% stake in Trump Tower.


title: Wealth of Donald Trump

text: Trump reported a yearly income of $362 million for 2014 and $611 million from January 2015 to May 2016. Trump and his family reported more than $500 million of income in mid-2018 financial disclosure forms.


title: Wealth of Donald Trump

text: A July 2015 campaign press release, issued one month after Trump announced his presidential run, said the FEC did not design its reports to accommodate "a man of Mr. Trump's massive wealth" and that his net worth is "in excess of [$10 billion]".


title: Wealth of Donald Trump

text: In September 2020, "The New York Times" noted that Trump "is personally responsible for loans and other debts totaling $421 million, with most of it coming due within four years" and no obvious way to repay them. As of December 2020, he owed about $330 million to Deutsche Bank, due in 2023 and 2024. The subsequent resignation of Trump's accounting firm, Mazars, on the grounds that Trump had provided them with inaccurate information for ten years of financial statements, will make it more difficult for Trump to refinance, said "Bloomberg Opinion" executive editor Tim O'Brien.


title: Wealth of Donald Trump

text: Trump has a total of over $1 billion in debts, borrowed to finance his assets, reported "Forbes" in October 2020. Around $640 million or more was owed to various banks (Deutsche Bank, Professional Bank, Amboy Bank, and Investors Savings Bank) and trust organizations (Ladder Capital, Chevy Chase Trust Holdings, and the Bryn Mawr Trust Company). Around $450 million was owed to unknown creditors, due to loans related to his properties of 1290 Avenue of the Americas and 555 California Street. In addition, Trump owes over $50 million to Chicago Unit Acquisition LLC, a company he owns, which would indicate that this company is worth over $50 million; however Trump has not disclosed any value for this company on his financial disclosure report. Overall, Trump's assets still outvalue his debts, reported Forbes.


title: Wealth of Donald Trump

text: Trump has often given much higher values for his wealth than organizations estimating it. Trump has testified that "my net worth fluctuates, and it goes up and down with markets and with attitudes and with feelings—even my own feelings". On the same day, Trump's own stated estimates of his net worth have varied by as much as $3.3 billion. Trump has also acknowledged that past exaggerated estimates of his wealth have been "good for financing". "Forbes" has said that although Trump "shares a lot of information with us that helps us get to the figures we publish", he "consistently pushes for a higher net worth—especially when it comes to the value of his personal brand".


title: Wealth of Donald Trump

text: In February 2022, Trump claimed in a defensive argument regarding the New York investigations of The Trump Organization that his net worth was "approximately $8 to $9 billion", based on his brand value and "transactions which have or will take place".


title: Wealth of Donald Trump

text: On May 10, 2019, House Ways and Means Committee chairman Richard Neal subpoenaed the Treasury Department and the IRS for six years of Trump's tax returns. Seven days later, Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin refused to comply with the subpoenas.


title: Wealth of Donald Trump

text: On May 20, 2019, President Trump lost an unrelated lawsuit in which he sought to stop his accounting firm, Mazars USA, from complying with a subpoena from the House Oversight Committee for various financial records. The ruling against Trump was issued by Judge Amit Mehta of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, who also denied the president a stay of the ruling pending any future appeal.


title: Wealth of Donald Trump

text: On November 4, 2019, the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in New York upheld the lower court ruling. On December 10, 2019, the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in New York issued a ruling which again found that the lower court had acted properly in upholding the congressional subpoenas for Trump's financial records, but this time also ordered for Deutsche Bank and Capital One to cooperate in releasing the financial records as well.


title: Wealth of Donald Trump

text: On July 9, 2020, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 7–2 that Trump cannot continue to keep his financial records secret, but ruled they should instead be given to the Manhattan DA rather than the House of Representatives. The Supreme Court denied a request for a stay on February 22, 2021, and the Manhattan DA received the financial records that same day.


title: Wealth of Donald Trump

text: In May 2019, both houses of the New York State Legislature, which is based in Trump's native and business home of New York, approved a bill which allows the state's tax commissioner to release any state tax return requested by the leaders of the House Ways and Means Committee, the Senate Finance Committee or the Joint Committee on Taxation for any "specific and legitimate legislative purpose".


title: Wealth of Donald Trump

text: In February 2021, Manhattan DA Cyrus Vance Jr. subpoenaed the New York City Tax Commission as well as Trump's creditors as part of a criminal investigation into possible property tax fraud by the Trump Organization, suggesting it sought to examine the real estate values Trump had reported. The documents would disclose whether the company inflated the value of properties to secure favorable terms on loans while deflating those values to lower tax bills. In December 2021, two editors at "Forbes", who had once written about Trump's estimated wealth, testified to the grand jury.


title: Wealth of Donald Trump

text: On September 21, 2022, the New York state AG, Letitia James, announced a civil lawsuit against Trump, the Trump Organization, and his children Donald Jr., Ivanka, and Eric for misrepresenting assets. Former Trump Organization CFO Allen Weisselberg and Eric Trump had each invoked their Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination over 500 times during their interviews (September 24 and October 5, 2020, respectively). In late 2021, James subpoenaed testimony from Donald Trump, Ivanka Trump and Donald Trump Jr., and although Trump sued the AG, in early 2022 a New York judge upheld the subpoenas.


title: Wealth of Donald Trump

text: In mid-2021, the RNC agreed to pay $1.6 million toward Trump's legal bills in the New York investigations, although they concern business dealings that occurred before he became president. In October 2021, the RNC paid Trump's attorneys over $121,000 to address what the RNC claimed were "politically motivated legal proceedings waged against President Trump."


title: Wealth of Donald Trump

text: In January 2022, a filing by the New York AG reported that Trump's tax documents show that his liquid assets were about $93 million in 2020. In September, James sued Trump, his three oldest children, and the organization, alleging over 200 instances of fraud and asserting that Trump "wildly exaggerated his net worth by billions of dollars". The lawsuit seeks $250 million in damages and the instatement of a five-year ban from real-estate transactions.


title: Martha Fiennes

text: Martha Maria Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes () is an English film director, writer and producer. Fiennes is best known for her film "Onegin" (1999), which starred her elder brother, Ralph, and her subsequent film "Chromophobia" (2005).


title: Martha Fiennes

text: Fiennes made her directorial debut with the film "Onegin" – an adaptation of Alexander Pushkin's verse novel "Eugene Onegin", which starred her brother Ralph in the title role. The film received much praise, and she won the Best Director Award at the Tokyo Film Festival and the Best Newcomer at the London Film Critics' Circle. Following "Onegin", Fiennes wrote her second feature film, "Chromophobia" – an original multi-stranded drama, which comprised an all star cast and which closed the Cannes Film Festival of 2005.


title: Martha Fiennes

text: Fiennes was born in Suffolk, England to photographer Mark Fiennes (1933–2004) and novelist Jennifer Lash (1938–1993). Her siblings are actors Ralph Fiennes and Joseph Fiennes, documentary film maker Sophie Fiennes, composer Magnus Fiennes, and Jacob Fiennes, a conservationist.


title: Martha Fiennes

text: She has three children with George Tiffin: Titan Nathaniel Fiennes Tiffin (born 26 August 1995), Hero Beauregard Faulkner Fiennes Tiffin (born 6 November 1997) and Mercy Jini Willow Fiennes Tiffin (born 15 October 2001).


title: Martha Fiennes

text: Her son Hero, at the age of nine, played a young version of his uncle Ralph's character, Lord Voldemort, in "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince". Her daughter Mercy was featured in the 2008 film, "The Duchess" as the Duchess of Devonshire's daughter, Georgiana (Little G).


title: Fir

text: Firs (Abies) are a genus of 48–56 species of evergreen coniferous trees in the family Pinaceae. They are found on mountains throughout much of North and Central America, Europe, Asia, and North Africa. The genus is most closely related to "Cedrus" (cedar).


title: Fir

text: The genus name is derived from the Latin "to rise" in reference to the height of its species. The common English name originates with the Old Norse, fyri, or the Old Danish, fyr.


title: Fir

text: They are large trees, reaching heights of tall with trunk diameters of when mature. Firs can be distinguished from other members of the pine family by the way in which their needle-like leaves are attached singly to the branches with a base resembling a suction cup, and by their cones, which, like those of true cedars, stand upright on the branches like candles and disintegrate at maturity.


title: Fir

text: Identification of the different species is based on the size and arrangement of the leaves, the size and shape of the cones, and whether the bract scales of the cones are long and exserted, or short and hidden inside the cone.


title: Fir

text: Firs can be distinguished from other members of the pine family by the unique attachment of their needle-like leaves to the twig by a base that resembles a small suction cup.


title: Fir

text: The leaves are significantly flattened, sometimes even looking like they are pressed, as in "A. sibirica".


title: Fir

text: The leaves have two whitish lines on the bottom, each of which is formed by wax-covered stomatal bands. In most species, the upper surface of the leaves is uniformly green and shiny, without stomata or with a few on the tip, visible as whitish spots. Other species have the upper surface of leaves dull, gray-green or bluish-gray to silvery (glaucous), coated by wax with variable number of stomatal bands, and not always continuous. An example species with shiny green leaves is "A. alba", and an example species with dull waxy leaves is "A. concolor".


title: Fir

text: The tips of leaves are usually more or less notched (as in "A. firma"), but sometimes rounded or dull (as in "A. concolor", "A. magnifica") or sharp and prickly (as in "A. bracteata", "A. cephalonica", "A. holophylla"). The leaves of young plants are usually sharper.


title: Fir

text: The way they spread from the shoot is very diverse, only in some species comb-shaped, with the leaves arranged on two sides, flat ("A. alba")


title: Fir

text: Firs differ from other conifers in having erect, cylindrical cones long that disintegrate at maturity to release the winged seeds.


title: Fir

text: In contrast to spruces, fir cones do not hang. Even large fir cones grow upwards like "candles", the new growth of the tree.


title: Fir

text: "Abies" produce a variety of terpenoids. The analyses of the Zavarin groupfrom Smedman et al 1969 to Zavarin et al 1977showed variation in terpenoid composition of the bark by genetics, geography, age and size of the tree.


title: Fir

text: Section "Grandis" is found in western North America to Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador, in lowlands in the north, moderate altitudes in south.


title: Fir

text: Section "Momi" is found in east and central Asia and the Himalaya, generally at low to moderate altitudes.


title: Fir

text: Section "Amabilis" is found in the Pacific Coast mountains in North America and Japan, in high rainfall areas.


title: Fir

text: Firs are used as food plants by the caterpillars of some Lepidoptera species, including "Chionodes abella" (recorded on white fir), autumnal moth, conifer swift (a pest of balsam fir), the engrailed, grey pug, mottled umber, pine beauty and the tortrix moths "Cydia illutana" (whose caterpillars are recorded to feed on European silver fir cone scales) and "C. duplicana" (on European silver fir bark around injuries or canker).


title: Fir

text: Wood of most firs is considered unsuitable for general timber use and is often used as pulp or for the manufacture of plywood and rough timber. Because this genus has no insect or decay resistance qualities after logging, it is generally recommended in construction purposes for indoor use only (e.g. indoor drywall on framing). Firwood left outside cannot be expected to last more than 12 to 18 months, depending on the type of climate it is exposed to.


title: Fir

text: Nordmann fir, noble fir, Fraser fir and balsam fir are popular Christmas trees, generally considered to be the best for this purpose, with aromatic foliage that does not shed many needles on drying out. Many are also decorative garden trees, notably Korean fir and Fraser fir, which produce brightly coloured cones even when very young, still only tall. Other firs can grow anywhere between tall. Fir Tree Appreciation Day is June 18.


title: Owen King

text: Owen Philip King (born February 21, 1977) is an American author and the younger son of authors Stephen and Tabitha King.


title: Owen King

text: King was born in 1977 in Maine to parents Tabitha and Stephen King. He has two older siblings, Naomi King and Joseph Hillström King. He was raised in Bangor, Maine, showing an interest in writing during high school. King attended Vassar College and Columbia University, where he earned a Master of Fine Arts degree.


title: Owen King

text: King published his first book, "We're All in This Together", a collection of three short stories and a novella, in 2005. His short fiction has been published in various journals, such as "One Story" and "Prairie Schooner". His debut novel, "Double Feature", was published in 2013.


title: Owen King

text: "Sleeping Beauties", a collaboration between Owen King and his father, Stephen King, was published in September 2017 and is set in a women's prison in West Virginia. King is also working with filmmaker Josh Boone on adapting the Clive Barker novel "The Great and Secret Show" for television.


title: Owen King

text: In 2020, he became producer of the CBS All Access Mini-series adaption of his father's novel "The Stand", He also co-wrote a new ending with his father exclusively for the miniseries.


title: Owen King

text: The reception for King's collection "We're All in This Together" was positive, with both the "Los Angeles Times" and "Independent" giving it positive reviews.


title: Owen King

text: King's first full-length novel, "Double Feature", was called "overwritten" in a review in "The New York Times".


title: Owen King

text: King's graphic novel "Intro to Alien Invasion" reception was mixed, with "Publishers Weekly" opining the comic was unable to consistently transcend its "B movie source material," while "Booklist" called the spoofing of B-list material "highly successful".


title: Kandukondain Kandukondain

text: Kandukondain Kandukondain (also released internationally under the translated title I Have Found It) is a 2000 Indian Tamil-language romantic drama film directed and co-written by Rajiv Menon. Based on Jane Austen's 1811 novel "Sense and Sensibility", it features an ensemble cast of Mammootty, Ajith Kumar, Tabu, Aishwarya Rai and Abbas. Veterans Manivannan, Srividya and Raghuvaran play supporting roles. The film's soundtrack was scored by A. R. Rahman and the cinematographer was Ravi K. Chandran.


title: Kandukondain Kandukondain

text: After several delays, "Kandukondain Kandukondain" opened on 5 May 2000 and was commercially successful. The producers released subtitled versions worldwide. The film also won a National Film Award and two Filmfare Awards South, and was featured in international film festivals.


title: Kandukondain Kandukondain

text: Indian Peace Keeping Force personnel Major Bala, while fighting in the jungles of war-torn Sri Lanka, loses his right leg in an explosion triggered by Tamil militants. Elsewhere, Manohar, a film director, is greeted at a filming location by his parents, who want him to marry Swetha, so that he will inherit her family's company. Sisters Sowmya and Meenakshi are part of a close-knit family living in a Chettiar mansion in Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, with their mother Padma, maternal grandfather Chandrasekhar, servant Chinnatha and younger sister Kamala. Sowmya is a school principal while Meenakshi is passionate about classic Tamil poetry, music and dance. Sivagnanam, a friend of Bala, lives with his mother. His mother is having breathing issues, which is fixed as soon as he says the word marriage. After his mother wants to see a marriage, Sivagnanam shows two cats, Raj and Viji, getting married much to her dismay.


title: Kandukondain Kandukondain

text: Bala, who now runs a floral business, has become a depressed and alcohol-dependent man since losing his leg but he quits drinking after an argument with Meenakshi, with whom he falls in love and supports her family when in need. At her behest, he stops drinking in exchange for her to learn music, which she does. Meenakshi, who, considers Bala as a friend, falls in love with Srikanth, a charming businessman who shares Meenakshi's interests. Manohar visits Meenakshi's house for a film shoot where Sowmya and Manohar fall in love with each other.


title: Kandukondain Kandukondain

text: On his deathbed, Chandrasekhar tries to say something about his will but no one understands him. After his death, their lawyer breaks open the box and find he has bequeathed all of his property to his younger son Swaminathan, at the time when his elder daughter Padma had eloped and married without his knowledge, but was unable to change the will as he was paralysed and unable to speak a few years down the lane when his daughter assisted him. Vidya and Sowmya silently submit themselves to Swaminathan and his wife, Lalitha's demands, but Meenakshi is unable to accept the change in lifestyle. Sowmya and her family move to Chennai when they can no longer stand Lalitha's arrogant behaviour upon inheriting the mansion.


title: Kandukondain Kandukondain

text: Upon arriving in Chennai, the family struggles and they work as cooks at a local restaurant. While eating a vazhaipoo vada (banana flower vada), Bala and Sivagnanam recognise its taste and immediately go to the kitchen. They are surprised to see such a rich family working tirelessly in the restaurant. After attending several interviews, Sowmya gets a job as a telephone operator at a software company. She is later promoted to a junior programmer due to her qualifications while Meenakshi becomes a playback singer with Bala's help, but keeps searching for Srikanth whom she has lost contact with. After Sowmya's promotion she gets a home loan approved and they are able to buy their own apartment. Meanwhile, Lalitha is sad after Swaminathan dies of electrocution and offers the Chettinad house to Sowmya and her family, who refuse her offer to take the house back.


title: Kandukondain Kandukondain

text: In the meanwhile, Srikanth's finance company goes bankrupt and he has to pay back his investors. A minister offers to bail out Srikanth and his company if Srikanth marries his daughter. Srikanth agrees but Meenakshi is shocked and overwhelmed at his hypocrisy. She meets Srikanth and his future wife at the time of her first recording and after recording her first song, Meenakshi falls into an open manhole and is rescued by Bala. Realising Bala's love for her, Meenakshi falls in love with him.


title: Kandukondain Kandukondain

text: Manohar's first film project is in disarray and he is thrown out. While talking to Sowmya's family, he says the name chosen as the film's title was bad omen and attributed the failure to its bad luck. Sowmya who chose the name of the film translates it her being bad luck to him. For his next project, he plans to make an action film with Nandhini Varma, a well-known Telugu film actor, as the heroine. Nandhini is attracted to Manohar; rumours of an affair between them spread and his lack of attention to Sowmya hurts her deeply. Bala introduces Meenakshi to Vinod, an army officer, as he does not want Meenakshi to dedicate her life to caring for him because of his disability. Meenakshi tells Vinod and his family that she is not interested in him and declares her love to Bala. Manohar's film is a commercial success but when he visits Sowmya's house in Chennai, he finds she is moving to California for her company's project. Manohar and Sowmya tearfully argue and he tries to persuade Sowmya to marry him, and she accepts his proposal. Manohar marries Sowmya and Bala marries Meenakshi.


title: Kandukondain Kandukondain

text: After the success of his directorial debut "Minsara Kanavu" (1997), Rajiv Menon was signed by producer Kalaipuli S. Thanu to direct a film in the final quarter of 1998. In November 1998, Menon announced he had begun pre-production work on a project titled "Theekkul Viralai Vaithal", a title taken from a line by Subramania Bharati. The initial idea of the film came from a conversation between Menon and director Mani Ratnam about the contrast between Menon's life and that of his brother. While Menon entered the film industry, his brother focused on an academic career and later became an officer in the Indian Railway Accounts Service. Ratnam later suggested Menon should make a film on the subject.


title: Kandukondain Kandukondain

text: Menon wrote a screenplay based on the Jane Austen novel "Sense and Sensibility" and the project was renamed "Kandukondain Kandukondain". The title was inspired by the phrase "kanden kanden Seethaiyai kanden" from Kambar's epic "Kamba Ramayanam". Menon said the film's story of two sisters was reminiscent of those of him and his brother during difficult parts of their lives. The film was initially launched as a multilingual project in 4 languages (Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Hindi), though it was only released in Tamil with a subsequent Telugu-dubbed version titled "Priyuraalu Pilichindi". Menon first wrote the story in English then dictated the dialogue in Malayalam; this was then translated into Tamil by Sujatha.


title: Kandukondain Kandukondain

text: In November 1999, when most of the production was complete, Menon—whose previous film performed poorly in rural areas—wanted to show a rough copy of "Kandukondain Kandukondain" to a village audience to ensure they could relate to the subject. After showing parts of the film to audiences in Udumalpettai and Pollachi, the team later held a group discussion before thanking the volunteers with gifts while receiving positive feedback.


title: Kandukondain Kandukondain

text: Tabu was the first actor to be cast in the film; she was cast in the role of the elder sister Sowmya and Revathi was signed to dub for her character. The casting of the younger sister Meenakshi took longer to finalise; Menon initially approached Manju Warrier, who liked the script but was hesitant to commit to appear in the film due to her impending wedding with Dileep. He next discussed the role with Soundarya, whose team wanted to read the script before committing to the project. However, Soundarya's brother was not interested in letting her play a second heroine. Because Menon was still finalising the climax, he opted to explore other options and Kausalya was briefly considered. Aishwarya Rai was then signed onto the project, making her third appearance in Tamil films after roles in Mani Ratnam's "Iruvar" (1997) and Shankar's "Jeans" (1998). Despite being replete with Hindi film offers, Rai said she was a large fan of Menon's work and could strongly identify with the character, and accepted the offer. Menon and writer Sujatha presented two points of view in the female leads; while Sowmya accepts her destiny, Meenakshi wants to make her own life choices. While finalising the character arc of Sowmya, Menon drew inspiration from a person with whom he was familiar.


title: Kandukondain Kandukondain

text: Initially Menon cast Prabhu Deva, the lead actor of his previous film, in a leading role. Deva had played a key role in introducing Menon to producer Thanu but soon left the project. For the role of a former army general, Menon attempted to cast Parthiban but the actor's difficult relationship with Thanu meant they could not collaborate. Arjun Sarja was also approached but he was working in a different film genre during the period. Eventually, Menon cast Mammootty in the role. Abbas was cast in a role of a young businessman while Vikram dubbed for his character.


title: Kandukondain Kandukondain

text: Menon approached Prashanth to appear in the film in place of Prabhu Deva, but the actor demanded to be paired opposite Rai rather than Tabu. Menon did not want to switch the female lead actors and decided not to cast Prashanth. In January 1999, Menon met and narrated the script of "Kandukondain Kandukondain" to Ajith Kumar, who had been recovering from back surgery; Kumar agreed to portray the struggling film director character. While writing the character, Menon was inspired by his experiences as a junior technician looking to make a breakthrough in the film industry. Between signing for "Kandukondain Kandukondain" and its release in May 2000, Ajith Kumar had significantly expanded his box-office appeal through the commercial success of his other films.


title: Kandukondain Kandukondain

text: Srividya was signed to play the mother of Tabu and Rai while Shamili played their sister. Nizhalgal Ravi and debutant Anita Ratnam were also cast in the film with Malayalam actor Unnikrishnan Namboothiri making his debut as the bedridden grandfather. Prominent actors Raghuvaran and Manivannan were selected for supporting roles in the film while Hindi actors Dino Morea and Pooja Batra appeared in small character roles, with Batra playing an actor. Cameraman Arvind Krishna appeared in a small role as Ajith Kumar's friend.


title: Kandukondain Kandukondain

text: Rajiv Menon and Dhanu retained several of the technical team from his previous venture, adding Sujatha as a writer. Menon said he often thought of dialogue in Malayalam—his native language—before telling writer Sujatha to translate it into Tamil. A cinematographer himself, Menon chose to avoid that task in the project and appointed Ravi K. Chandran as the cinematographer. According to Menon, directing and filming at the same time was "strenuous", though he said he photographed almost 30% of "Kandukondain Kandukondain" because Chandran was briefly unavailable. The film's music was composed by A. R. Rahman while lyrics were written by Vairamuthu; the pair argued during the production. Suresh Urs edited the film while Vikram Dharma directed stunts, Nagu directed arts and Rekha Prakash, Brindha and Raju Sundaram choreographed the songs. Costumes were designed by Nalini Sriram.


title: Kandukondain Kandukondain

text: Scenes with Mammootty's soldier character were filmed in Munnar from February to April 1999, just before the outbreak of the Kargil War. The team were able to borrow a former military helicopter for the sequences. A large portion of the film's first half was filmed in the Kanadugathan area of Karaikudi. The team persuaded industrialist M. A. M. Ramaswamy to lend them his palatial Chettiar mansion for filming; they secured permission to use the property because the producer Thanu was an acquaintance of Ramaswamy. Menon submitted a one-page synopsis of the film to Ramaswamy, who gave his permission under the condition that a death scene was filmed elsewhere. Menon hired the Rao Bahadur house for the extra scenes. According to Menon, during filming in the Chettiar mansion, the unit bonded with Rai and Tabu, becoming good friends; Ajith Kumar learnt from Mammootty and the whole unit ate dinner together. Most of the project's first half was filmed within a week.


title: Kandukondain Kandukondain

text: In May 1999, the crew along with Rai and Abbas went to Scotland to film the title song in Dornie with the castle of Eilean Donan as a backdrop. Menon used the location to show Rai's character Meenakshi is living in a fantasy world so he filmed the song with a blue and green theme. In comparison, the team wanted to contrast the colours for Tabu's song by using red and brown as the main colours. The production team subsequently planned a four-day trip to Egypt to film the song "Enna Solla Pogirai" with the Giza pyramids as a backdrop; however, the trip turned into a week-long schedule. The first part of the song was shot in Karaikudi with a train in the background. Rajiv Menon and actors Ajith Kumar, Tabu, Raju Sundaram and Ravi K. Chandran travelled daily for three hours from Cairo to film in the heat; one filming day was cancelled after Tabu fainted. Professional Kathakali artists were used for the song "Konjum Mainakale", and the video for "Yengay Yenedhu Kavidhai" was filmed against the backdrop of Chennai's monsoonal rains. Meanwhile, the song "Kannamoochi Yenada" was filmed with the leading cast at Kushaldas Gardens in Chennai. Some scenes featuring Rai were filmed at Menon's flat in Chennai.


title: Kandukondain Kandukondain

text: "Kandukondain Kandukondain" was delayed for six months due to the success of Rai's films "Taal" and "Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam", which prompted the revival of other projects she had signed up to in that period. Menon's insistence composer A. R. Rahman reworked some of the music to provide a better fusion of classical and contemporary music also delayed progress. Filming ended six months behind the schedule devised by Menon but according to him, everything happened as planned.


title: Kandukondain Kandukondain

text: The songs in "Kandukondain Kandukondain" were composed by A. R. Rahman and the rights to the soundtrack album were bought by Saregama for a then-record sum of 2.2 crore. The soundtrack includes eight songs, one of which is based on a poem written by Subramania Bharati.


title: Kandukondain Kandukondain

text: "Kannamoochi" is set in the Carnatic raga Nattakurinji. Rajiv Menon, who is a fan of this raga, presented Rahman with the song "Kavalaiyai Theerpathu Naattiya Kalaiye" from "Sivakavi" (1943) and asked him to compose at least one piece based on the raga. "Kandukondain Kandukondain" is based on the Nalinakanthi raga, "Smayiyai" is based on jazz music, and "Enna Solla Pogirai" is a folksy and romantic song. Menon personally asked Shankar Mahadevan to sing the song "Enna Solla Pogirai".


title: Kandukondain Kandukondain

text: A function was held to mark the release of the soundtrack to "Kandukondain Kandukondain" with Kamal Haasan in attendance. The film was initially scheduled for release in the 1999 Diwali season but delays led to the producers announcing it would be released on 1 January 2000, becoming the first film of the new millennium. Further delays due to the success of other films "Padayappa" and "Vaalee" ensured the film missed that date. The release of Mani Ratnam's "Alaipayuthey" led to the further postponement of the release of "Kandukondain Kandukondain" to May 2000.


title: Kandukondain Kandukondain

text: "Kandukondain Kandukondain" opened to positive reviews from film critics. "The Indian Express" stated; "A progressive film encouraging female independence, yet staying a warm family tale in essence, "Kandukondain Kandukondain" is the kind of film every intelligent movie-goer ought not to miss. Almost every supporting character pitches in an impressive performance, thus making "Kandukondain Kandukondain" a wonderful watch". In the review for Rediff, Shobha Warrier stated although the film has "too many songs, too little emotion", it has "a powerful story with intense and well-developed characters. One of the most poignant scenes in the film is Mammootty's outburst against the system, which forgets war heroes who lay down their lives for a cause." The film was a commercial success and completed 150 days at the box office in Tamil Nadu. It was also successful in Kerala. It was initially unsuccessful in Kerala because Mammootty was not promoted as one of the lead artists. Menon chose to take the film to North Indian audiences but avoided dubbing it to avoid its script being lost in translation, and submitted a final version with English subtitles.


title: Kandukondain Kandukondain

text: The film was later released by Shyam Shroff of Shringar Films in a limited number cinemas in Mumbai and New Delhi, earning positive reviews from critics and performing well at the box office. Shroff said, "although the film didn't make pots of money ... it created tremendous brand equity". Shobhaa De said the film's "word of mouth was spectacular" and the "reports were consistently good". "Outlook" gave the film a favourable review and wrote, "This winner of a new-age entertainer is actually a tribute to the 'complete'-ness of the ancient Indian film structure." "Indolink.com" said that "In a time where mindless blood baths, gun fights, pointless foreign locale song picturizations and tasteless dialogues achieve screen time, Rajeev Menon's clean family film is indeed a welcome change."


title: Kandukondain Kandukondain

text: "Kandukondain Kandukondain" was showcased at the Regus London Film Festival in November 2011 and critics from the UK newspaper "The Guardian" rated it as one of the top-12 films of the event's 270. Critic Peter Bradshaw said it "is an entertaining reinvention of the novel" and that "the richly complicated plot allows it to be exuberantly transposed to modern-day India", ranking it alongside Ang Lee's "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon" and Cameron Crowe's "Almost Famous". Menon continued to show the film across the world, including having screenings at the Washington Film Festival in April 2001, Locarno Film Festival in August 2002 and the Tiburon International Film Festival in March 2004. US-based Kino Films bought the home video rights to the film.


title: Kandukondain Kandukondain

text: The script of "Kandukondain Kandukondain" was translated into English and published as a book by Westland Publishers in October 2000. Sanjay Leela Bhansali discussed the possibility of making a Hindi version of the film with Menon. Irrfan Khan held discussions to reprise the role of Major Bala. The project did not go ahead.


title: Kandukondain Kandukondain

text: "Kandukondain Kandukondain" became an important film in the careers of Kumar and Rai, showcasing both actors' versatility and ensured their successful careers in cinema. In an interview, Ajith Kumar stated how he understood his true self after acting in the film. The film's songs inspired several film titles: "Enge Enadhu Kavithai" (2002), "Kannamoochi Yenada" (2007), "Konjum Mainakkale" (2012) and "Enna Solla Pogirai" (2022). The character Anjali in the Telugu film "Chi La Sow" (2018) was inspired by Tabu's character in "Kandukondain Kandukondain".


title: Br'er Rabbit

text: Br'er Rabbit (an abbreviation of "Brother Rabbit", also spelled Brer Rabbit) is a central figure in an oral tradition passed down by African-Americans of the Southern United States and African descendants in the Caribbean, notably Afro-Bahamians and Turks and Caicos Islanders. He is a trickster who succeeds by his wits rather than by brawn, provoking authority figures and bending social mores as he sees fit. Popularly known adaptations of the character was originally written by Joel Chandler Harris in the 19th century, and later by Walt Disney Productions adapted it for the film "Song of the South" in 1946.


title: Br'er Rabbit

text: The Br'er Rabbit stories can be traced back to trickster figures in Africa, particularly the hare that figures prominently in the storytelling traditions in West, Central, and Southern Africa. Among the Temne people in Sierra Leone, they tell children stories of a talking rabbit. Other regions of Africa also tell children stories of talking rabbits and other animals. These tales continue to be part of the traditional folklore of numerous peoples throughout those regions. In the Akan traditions of West Africa, the trickster is usually the spider Anansi, though the plots in his tales are often identical with those of stories of Br'er Rabbit. However, Anansi does encounter a tricky rabbit called "Adanko" (Asante-Twi to mean "Hare") in some stories. The Jamaican character with the same name "Brer Rabbit" is an adaptation of the Ananse stories of the Akan people.


title: Br'er Rabbit

text: Some scholars have suggested that in his American incarnation, Br'er Rabbit represented the enslaved Africans who used their wits to overcome adversity and to exact revenge on their adversaries, the white slave owners. Though not always successful, the efforts of Br'er Rabbit made him a folk hero.


title: Br'er Rabbit

text: Several elements in the Brer Rabbit Tar Baby story (e.g., rabbit needing to be taught a lesson, punching and head butting the rabbit, the stuck rabbit being swung around and around) are reminiscent of those found in a Zimbabwe-Botswana folktale.


title: Br'er Rabbit

text: Folklorists in the late 19th century first documented evidence that the American versions of the stories originated among enslaved West Africans based on connections between Br'er Rabbit and "Leuk", a rabbit trickster in Senegalese folklore.


title: Br'er Rabbit

text: Stories of Br'er Rabbit were written down by Robert Roosevelt, an uncle of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt. Theodore Roosevelt wrote in his about his aunt from Georgia that "she knew all the 'Br'er Rabbit' stories, and I was brought up on them. One of my uncles, Robert Roosevelt, was much struck with them, and took them down from her dictation, publishing them in "Harper's", where they fell flat. This was a good many years before a genius arose who, in 'Uncle Remus', made the stories immortal."


title: Br'er Rabbit

text: Some stories were also adapted by Joel Chandler Harris (1845–1908) for white audiences in the late 19th century. Harris invented Uncle Remus, an ex-slave narrator, as a storyteller and published many such stories that had been passed down by oral tradition. He claimed his stories were "the first graphic pictures of genuine negro life in the South." Harris also attributed the birth name "Riley" to Br'er Rabbit. Harris heard these tales in Georgia. Very similar versions of the same stories were recorded independently at the same time by the folklorist Alcée Fortier in southern Louisiana, where the Rabbit character was known as "Compair Lapin" in Creole. Enid Blyton, the English writer of children's fiction, retold the stories for children.


title: Br'er Rabbit

text: In a detailed study of the sources of Joel Chandler Harris's "Uncle Remus" stories, Florence Baer identified 140 stories with African origins, 27 stories with European origins, and 5 stories with Native American origins.


title: Br'er Rabbit

text: Although Joel Chandler Harris collected materials for his famous series of books featuring the character Br'er Rabbit in the 1870s, the Br'er Rabbit cycle had been recorded earlier among the Cherokees: The "tar baby" story was printed in an 1845 edition of the "Cherokee Advocate", the same year Joel Chandler Harris was born.


title: Br'er Rabbit

text: Rabbit and Hare myths abound among Algonquin Indians in Eastern North America, particularly under the name Nanabozho. The Great Hare is generally worshipped among tribes in eastern Canada.


title: Br'er Rabbit

text: In "That the People Might Live: Native American Literatures and Native American Community" by Jace Weaver, the origins of Br'er Rabbit and other literature are discussed. Although the Cherokee had lived in isolation from Europeans in the remote past, a substantial amount of interaction was to occur among North American tribes, Europeans, and those from the enslaved population during the 18th and 19th centuries. It is impossible to ascertain whether the Cherokee story independently predated the African American story.


title: Br'er Rabbit

text: In a Cherokee tale about the briar patch, "the fox and the wolf throw the trickster rabbit into a thicket from which the rabbit quickly escapes." There was a "melding of the Cherokee rabbit-trickster ... into the culture of African slaves."


title: Br'er Rabbit

text: There are eight books by Enid Blyton that are collections of stories featuring Brer Rabbit and friends, most of which appeared in various magazines in the late 1930s.


title: Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah

text: Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah (; born 25 June 1937) is the emir of Kuwait and the commander of the Kuwait Military Forces. On 29 September 2020, he succeeded to the throne following the death of his half-brother Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah.


title: Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah

text: Nawaf Al-Ahmed Al-Jaber Al-Sabah was born on 25 June 1937. He is a son of the 10th ruler of Kuwait, Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah. He studied at various schools in Kuwait.


title: Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah

text: Nawaf is one of the most senior members of the House of Sabah. At 25, he was appointed governor of Hawalli on 21 February 1962 and held the post until 19 March 1978. He was Minister of Interior from 1978 to 26 January 1988, when he was appointed Minister of Defense. Following the liberation of Kuwait in the Gulf War, Nawaf was appointed the acting minister of labor and social affairs on 20 April 1991 and held the post until 17 October 1992. Following his appointment to the cabinet in 1991, a group of senior military officers sent a letter to Jaber al-Ahmad, the Emir at the time, demanding that Nawaf, the minister of defense during the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, and Salem al-Sabah, the minister of interior during the invasion, be dismissed from the government and investigated for Kuwait's lack of military preparedness on the day of the invasion. As a result, Nawaf was not appointed to a cabinet-level position until 2003.


title: Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah

text: On 16 October 1994, Nawaf was appointed deputy chief of the Kuwait National Guard and held that post until 2003. The same year, he reassumed the post of minister of the interior until an Amiri Decree was issued on 16 October 2003 making him first Deputy Prime Minister of Kuwait and Minister of Interior. Nawaf played a role in supporting programs that support national unity among the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf and Arab countries.


title: Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah

text: With the ascendance of Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah to the leadership of Kuwait on 29 January 2006, an Amiri Decree was issued on 7 February 2006 officially designating Nawaf the Crown Prince. This was contrary to the tradition of the Al-Sabah family, according to which the offices of Emir and Crown Prince are supposed to alternate between the Al-Jaber and Al-Salem branches.


title: Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah

text: Sabah died on 29 September 2020 and Nawaf was announced as the Emir of Kuwait during a meeting of the National Assembly.


title: Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah

text: Nawaf married Sharifa Sulaiman Al-Jasem Al-Ghanim, daughter of Sulaiman Al-Jasem Al-Ghanim by his wife, Ruqayyah bint Abdullah Al-Abd Al-Razzaq. They have four sons and a daughter.


title: Carlos Marín

text: Carlos Marín Menchero (13 October 1968 – 19 December 2021) was a Spanish baritone and a member of the classical crossover group Il Divo, which has sold over 28 million records worldwide.


title: Carlos Marín

text: Born in Rüsselsheim, West Germany and raised in Madrid, Spain, Marín started his career in music early in life, recording his first album when he was eight years old, produced by Dutch singer-songwriter and record producer Pierre Kartner. The record, named The "Little Caruso", contained songs like "O Sole Mio" and "Granada". At eight years old, he sang "Granada" in front of an audience of 800 people. At age ten he recorded a second album called "Mijn Lieve Mama" (My Dear Mother). This musical beginning led him to study piano and solfeggio. During this period Marín lived in the Netherlands in Eindhoven, but moved back to Spain when he was twelve. In Spain he won several awards in television contests like "Gente Joven" (Young People) and "Nueva Gente" (New People) in TVE (Spanish Television) when he was 15 and in his 20s. During this time he also started to sing on live television shows accompanied by an orchestra.


title: Carlos Marín

text: He earned through the years an important reputation as a musical performer, cultivating different musical genres and receiving excellent reviews from critics. He made a name for himself in the music industry, participating in several musical contests; the "Jacinto Guerrero", "Francisco Alonso", and "Julián Gayarre" in 1996, where he won second place in male performers, among others.


title: Carlos Marín

text: He performed in several musicals, starting in 1993 as Marius in "Les Misérables", and afterwards "Beauty and the Beast" (where he had an accident that left him with a ruptured tendon in his calf and took six months to recover), "Grease" (where he played the role of Vince Fontaine), "El Diluvio Que Viene" (the Spanish language version of the Italian musical "Aggiungi un posto a tavola"), and covering for José Sacristán in "Man from La Mancha". He participated also in the production of "La Magia De Broadway" (Broadway Magic) and "Peter Pan" (in theater and CD), in this musical he shared also the tasks of musical direction with Alberto Quintero.


title: Carlos Marín

text: He sang in Henry Selick's animated film, "The Nightmare Before Christmas", and he was also the Prince's singing voice in Disney's Spanish version of "Cinderella", produced in the year 2000.


title: Carlos Marín

text: In later years he won acclaim as "primo baritono" in several operas, including "La Traviata", "The Barber of Seville", "La Bohème", "Lucia Di Lammermoor", and "Madame Butterfly". Some of his most distinguished opera performances included Mercutio in "Campoamor" (Oviedo), Don Giglio in "La Capricciosa Corretta" (highly recommended for opera lovers), or in Damut's version of "Marina".


title: Carlos Marín

text: Marín also participated in "zarzuela" (Spanish operetta). He participated in the zarzuelas in the Jardines De Sabatini (Sabatini Gardens) in Madrid, a popular summer music venue at the Gardens of the Royal Palace of Madrid. Some of his performances in the Spanish operetta include "La Gran Vía" (The Great Way), "La revoltosa" (The Rebellious), in which he played Felipe, and "La verbena de la Paloma" (The Fair of the Virgin of la Paloma), in which he played Julián.


title: Carlos Marín

text: In December 2003, he became a member of the international musical quartet "Il Divo" along with Urs Bühler (Switzerland), Sébastien Izambard (France), and David Miller (USA).


title: Carlos Marín

text: Their debut album, "Il Divo," became a worldwide multiplatinum selling record when released in November 2004, entering the "Billboard" charts at number four and selling five million copies worldwide in less than a year and knocking Robbie Williams from the number one spot in the charts. Their second album, "Ancora", was released on 7 November 2005 in the United Kingdom. Il Divo's third album, "Siempre", was released on 21 November 2006 in the United States and on 27 November 2006 internationally. Their album, "The Promise", was released on 10 November 2008 (world) and on 18 November 2008 (US), and shot straight to number 1 in the UK.


title: Carlos Marín

text: On 1 December 2009, Il Divo released their album An Evening with Il Divo (Live in Barcelona) with their single "Unbreak my Heart" turning into another success on the charts. That same year Il Divo were chosen to sing "Sortilegio de Amor", the soundtrack for the Mexican Televisa soap opera, "Sortilegio", written by the Brazilian songwriter Denisse de Kalaffe. In 2011 Il Divo received the Classical Brit Award, Artist of the Decade. In June the same year, Il Divo were named Musical Ambassador in Japan and were asked to sing "Time to Say Goodbye" for the Japanese movie "Andalucia".


title: Carlos Marín

text: Parallel to his presence in Il Divo, Marín started his own solo show performing for the first time in Madrid (Spain), where he gave four concerts at the Compac Gran Via Theater in June 2011, continuing with these solo concerts in Campeche (Mexico) 2014, Ciudad del Carmen (Mexico) 2015, Madrid (Spain) 2015, Mexico DF – Teatro Metropolitan 2016 which kicked off his first World Tour to include US, Spain, Mexico, South America and Japan.


title: Carlos Marín

text: In September 2016, Marín released his first personal DVD/CD Worldwide, the result of the recording done during the Show at the Compac Gran Via Theater in Madrid, January 2016, where he sold out every night for 6 shows straight and played spectators from all over the world.


title: Carlos Marín

text: Marín married Geraldine Larrosa at Disneyland in California, in June 2006, after a 13-year relationship. After fewer than three years of marriage, they divorced in early 2009.


title: Carlos Marín

text: On 7 December 2021, Marín contracted COVID-19 and was hospitalized in Manchester, England. He was subsequently put into a medically induced coma, and died on 19 December, at the age of 53.


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: The Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916 were a series of shark attacks along the coast of New Jersey, in the United States, between July 1 and 12, 1916, in which four people were killed and one injured. The incidents occurred during a deadly summer heat wave and polio epidemic in the United States that drove thousands of people to the seaside resorts of the Jersey Shore. Since 1916, scholars have debated which shark species was responsible and the number of animals involved, with the great white shark and the bull shark most frequently cited.


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: Personal and national reaction to the fatalities involved a wave of panic that led to shark hunts aimed at eradicating the population of "man-eating" sharks and protecting the economies of New Jersey's seaside communities. Resort towns enclosed their public beaches with steel nets to protect swimmers. Scientific knowledge about sharks before 1916 was based on conjecture and speculation. The attacks forced ichthyologists to reassess common beliefs about the abilities of sharks and the nature of shark attacks.


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: The Jersey Shore attacks immediately entered into American popular culture, where sharks became caricatures in editorial cartoons representing danger.


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: The attacks became the subject of documentaries for the History Channel, National Geographic Channel, and Discovery Channel, which aired "12 Days of Terror" (2004) and the Shark Week episode "Blood in the Water" (2009).


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: Between July 1 and 12, 1916, five people were attacked along the coast of New Jersey by sharks; only one of the victims survived. The first major attack occurred on Saturday, July 1 at Beach Haven, a resort town established on Long Beach Island off the southern coast of New Jersey. Charles Epting Vansant, 28, of Philadelphia, was on vacation at the Engleside Hotel with his family. Before dinner, Vansant decided to take a quick swim in the Atlantic with a Chesapeake Bay Retriever that was playing on the beach. Shortly after entering the water, Vansant began shouting. Bathers believed he was calling to the dog, but a shark was actually biting Vansant's legs. He was rescued by lifeguard Alexander Ott and bystander Sheridan Taylor, who claimed the shark followed him to shore as they pulled the bleeding Vansant from the water. Vansant's left thigh was stripped of its flesh; he bled to death on the manager's desk of the Engleside Hotel at 6:45 PM.


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: Despite the Vansant attack, beaches along the Jersey Shore remained open. Sightings of large sharks swimming off the coast of New Jersey were reported by sea captains entering the ports of Newark and New York City but were dismissed. The second major attack occurred on Thursday, July 6, 1916, at the resort town of Spring Lake, New Jersey, north of Beach Haven. The victim was Charles Bruder, 27, a Swiss bell captain at the Essex & Sussex Hotel. Bruder was attacked while swimming from shore. A shark bit him in the abdomen and severed his legs; Bruder's blood turned the water red. After hearing screams, a woman notified two lifeguards that a canoe with a red hull had capsized and was floating just at the water's surface. Lifeguards Chris Anderson and George White rowed to Bruder in a lifeboat and realized he had been bitten by a shark. They pulled him from the water, but he bled to death on the way to shore. According to "The New York Times", "women [were] panic-stricken [and fainted] as [Bruder's] mutilated body ... [was] brought ashore." Guests and workers at the Essex & Sussex and neighboring hotels raised money for Bruder's mother in Switzerland.


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: The next two major attacks took place in Matawan Creek near the town of Keyport on Wednesday, July 12. Located north of Spring Lake and inland of Raritan Bay, Matawan resembled a Midwestern town rather than an Atlantic beach resort. Matawan's location made it an unlikely site for interactions between sharks and humans. When Thomas Cottrell, a sea captain and Matawan resident, spotted an shark in the creek, the town dismissed him. Around 2:00 PM a group of local boys, including young Lester Stilwell, 11, were playing in the creek together. One of the boys had brought along his pet dog, which was swimming with them as well. At an area called "Wyckoff Dock" they saw what appeared to be an "old, black weather-beaten board or a weathered log." A dorsal fin appeared in the water and the boys realized it was a shark. Before Stilwell could climb from the creek, the shark pulled him underwater.


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: The boys ran to town for help, and several men, including local businessman Watson Stanley Fisher, 24, came to investigate. Fisher and others dived into the creek to find Stilwell, believing him to have suffered a seizure. After locating the boy's body and attempting to return to shore, Fisher was also bitten by the shark in front of the townspeople, losing Stilwell in the process. His right thigh was severely injured and he bled to death at Monmouth Memorial Hospital in Long Branch at 5:30 PM. Stilwell's body was recovered upstream from the Wyckoff dock on July 14.


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: The fifth and final victim, Joseph Dunn, 14, of New York City was attacked a half-mile from the Wyckoff dock nearly 30 minutes after the fatal attacks on Stilwell and Fisher. The shark bit his left leg, but Dunn was rescued by his brother and friend after a vicious tug-of-war battle with the shark. Joseph Dunn was taken to Saint Peter's University Hospital in New Brunswick; he recovered from the bite and was released on September 15, 1916.


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: As the national media descended on Beach Haven, Spring Lake, and Matawan, the Jersey Shore attacks started a shark panic. According to Capuzzo, this panic was "unrivaled in American history", "sweeping along the coasts of New York and New Jersey and spreading by telephone and wireless, letter and postcard."


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: At first, after the Beach Haven incident, scientists and the press only reluctantly blamed the death of Charles Vansant on a shark. "The New York Times" reported that Vansant "was badly bitten in the surf ... by a fish, presumably a shark." Still, State Fish Commissioner of Pennsylvania and former director of the Philadelphia Aquarium James M. Meehan asserted in the "Philadelphia Public Ledger" that the shark was preying on the dog and had bitten Vansant by mistake. He specifically de-emphasized the threat sharks posed to humans:


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: The media's response to the second attack was more sensational. Major American newspapers such as the "Boston Herald", "Chicago Sun-Times", "The Philadelphia Inquirer", "The Washington Post", and "San Francisco Chronicle" placed the story on the front page. "The New York Times"<nowiki>'</nowiki> headline read, "Shark Kills Bather Off Jersey Beach". The growing panic cost New Jersey resort owners an estimated $250,000 ($ in ) in lost tourism, and sun bathing declined by 75 percent in some areas.


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: A press conference was convened on July 8, 1916, at the American Museum of Natural History, with scientists Frederic Augustus Lucas, John Treadwell Nichols, and Robert Cushman Murphy as panelists. To calm the growing panic, the three men stressed that a third run-in with a shark was unlikely, although they were admittedly surprised that sharks bit anyone at all. Nevertheless, Nichols—the only ichthyologist in the trio—warned swimmers to stay close to shore and to take advantage of the netted bathing areas installed at public beaches after the first attack.


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: Shark sightings increased along the Mid-Atlantic Coast following the attacks. On July 8, armed motorboats patrolling the beach at Spring Creek chased an animal they thought to be a shark, and Asbury Park's Asbury Avenue Beach was closed after lifeguard Benjamin Everingham claimed to have beaten off a shark with an oar. Sharks were spotted near Bayonne, New Jersey; Rocky Point, New York; Bridgeport, Connecticut; Jacksonville, Florida; and Mobile, Alabama, and a columnist from "Field & Stream" captured a sandbar shark in the surf at Beach Haven. Actress Gertrude Hoffmann was swimming at the Coney Island beach shortly after the Matawan fatalities when she claimed to have encountered a shark. "The New York Times" noted that Hoffman "had the presence of mind to remember that she had read in the "Times" that a bather can scare away a shark by splashing, and she beat up the water furiously." Hoffman was certain she was going to be devoured by the "Jersey man-eater", but later admitted she was "not sure ... whether she had her trouble for nothing or had barely escaped death."


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: Local New Jersey governments made efforts to protect bathers and the economy from man-eating sharks. The Fourth Avenue Beach at Asbury Park was enclosed with a steel-wire-mesh fence and patrolled by armed motorboats; it remained the only beach open following the Everingham incident. After the attacks on Stilwell, Fisher, and Dunn, residents of Matawan lined Matawan Creek with nets and detonated dynamite in an attempt to catch and kill the shark. Matawan mayor Arris B. Henderson ordered the "Matawan Journal" to print wanted posters offering a $100 reward ($ in dollars) to anyone who killed a shark in the creek. Despite the town's efforts, no sharks were captured or killed in Matawan Creek.


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: Resort communities along the Jersey Shore petitioned the federal government to aid local efforts to protect beaches and hunt sharks. The House of Representatives appropriated $5,000 ($ in dollars) for eradicating the New Jersey shark threat, and President Woodrow Wilson scheduled a meeting with his Cabinet to discuss the fatal attacks. Treasury secretary William Gibbs McAdoo suggested that the Coast Guard be mobilized to patrol the Jersey Shore and protect sun bathers. Shark hunts ensued across the coasts of New Jersey and New York; as the "Atlanta Constitution" reported on July 14, "Armed shark hunters in motor boats patrolled the New York and New Jersey coasts today while others lined the beaches in a concerted effort to exterminate the man-eaters ..." New Jersey governor James Fairman Fielder and local municipalities offered bounties to individuals hunting sharks. Hundreds of sharks were captured on the East Coast as a result of the attacks. The East Coast shark hunt has been described as "the largest scale animal hunt in history."


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: After the second incident, scientists and the public began presenting theories to explain which species of shark was responsible for the Jersey Shore attacks or whether multiple sharks were involved.


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: Lucas and Nichols proposed that a northward-swimming rogue shark was responsible. They believed it would eventually arrive along New York's coast: "Unless the shark came through the Harbor and went through the north through Hell Gate and Long Island Sound, it was presumed it would swim along the South Shore of Long Island and the first deep water inlet it reaches will be the Jamaica Bay."


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: Witnesses of the Beach Haven fatality estimated that the shark was long. A sea captain who saw the event believed it was a Spanish shark driven from the Caribbean Sea decades earlier by bombings during the Spanish–American War. Several fishermen claimed to have caught the "Jersey man-eater" in the days following the attacks. A blue shark was captured on July 14 near Long Branch, and four days later the same Thomas Cottrell who had seen the shark in Matawan Creek claimed to have captured a sandbar shark with a gillnet near the mouth of the creek.


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: On July 14, Harlem taxidermist and Barnum and Bailey lion tamer Michael Schleisser caught a , shark while fishing in Raritan Bay, only a few miles from the mouth of Matawan Creek. The shark nearly sank the boat before Schleisser killed it with a broken oar. When he opened the shark's belly, he removed a "suspicious fleshy material and bones" that took up "about two-thirds of a milk crate" and "together weighed fifteen pounds." Scientists identified the shark as a young great white and the ingested remains as human. Schleisser mounted the shark and placed it on display in the window of a Manhattan shop on Broadway, but it was later lost. The only surviving photograph appeared in the "Bronx Home News".


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: No further attacks were reported along the Jersey Shore in the summer of 1916 after the capture of Schleisser's great white shark. Murphy and Lucas declared the great white to be the "Jersey man-eater".


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: Skeptical individuals, however, offered alternative hypotheses, including opinions suggesting a non-shark perpetrator and even the influence of ongoing events associated with World War I.


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: In a letter to "The New York Times", a Barrett P. Smith of Sound Beach, New York, over away on the far side of Long Island, wrote:


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: Another letter to "The New York Times" blamed the shark infestation on the maneuvers of German U-boats near America's East Coast. The anonymous writer claimed, "These sharks may have devoured human bodies in the waters of the German war zone and followed liners to this coast, or even followed the "Deutschland" herself, expecting the usual toll of drowning men, women, and children." The writer concluded, "This would account for their boldness and their craving for human flesh."


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: Over a century later, there is no consensus among researchers over Murphy and Lucas' investigation and findings. Richard G. Fernicola published two studies of the event, and notes that "there are many theories behind the New Jersey attacks," and all are inconclusive. Researchers such as Thomas Helm, Harold W. McCormick, Thomas B. Allen, William Young, Jean Campbell Butler, and Michael Capuzzo generally agree with Murphy and Lucas.


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: However, the National Geographic Society reported in 2002 that "some experts are suggesting that the great white may not in fact be responsible for many of the attacks pinned on the species. These people say the real culprit behind many of the reported incidents—including the famous 1916 shark attacks in New Jersey that may have served as inspiration for "Jaws"—may be the lesser known bull shark."


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: Biologists George A. Llano and Richard Ellis suggest that a bull shark could have been responsible for the fatal Jersey Shore attacks. Bull sharks swim from the ocean into freshwater rivers and streams and have attacked people around the world. In his book "Sharks: Attacks on Man" (1975), Llano writes,


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: Ellis points out that the great white "is an oceanic species, and Schleisser's shark was caught in the ocean. To find it swimming in a tidal creek is, to say the least, unusual, and may even be impossible. The bull shark, however, is infamous for its freshwater meanderings, as well as for its pugnacious and aggressive nature." He admits that "the bull shark is not a common species in New Jersey waters, but it does occur more frequently than the white."


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: In an interview with Michael Capuzzo, ichthyologist George H. Burgess surmises, "The species involved has always been doubtful and likely will continue to generate spirited debate." Burgess, however, does not discount the great white:


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: The casualties of the 1916 attacks are listed in the International Shark Attack File—of which Burgess is director—as victims of a great white.


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: The increased presence of humans in the water proved a factor in the attacks: "As the worldwide human population continues to rise year after year, so does ... interest in aquatic recreation. The number of shark attacks in any given year or region is highly influenced by the number of people entering the water." However, the likelihood that one shark was involved is contested. Scientists such as Victor M. Coppleson and Jean Butler, relying on evidence presented by Lucas and Murphy in 1916, assert that a single shark was responsible. On the other hand, Richard Fernicola notes that 1916 was a "shark year", as fishermen and captains were reporting hundreds of sharks swimming in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Ellis remarks that "to try to make the facts as we know them conform to the 'rogue shark' theory is stretching sensationalism and credibility beyond reasonable limits." He admits, "The evidence is long gone, and we will never really know if it was one shark or several, one species or another, that was responsible."


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: In 2011, further study was conducted in the Smithsonian Channel's "The Real Story: Jaws". The documentary takes a closer look at the series of events from different perspectives. It was demonstrated in the Matawan Creek attacks, for example, that the full moon of the lunar cycle, which would have coincided with the attacks, would have raised the salinity in the water by more than double just a few hours before high tide. This would support the theory that a great white could have been responsible. Other evidence such as Joseph Dunn's injury suggested that the type of bite was more likely made by a bull shark as opposed to a great white, leading some to believe more than one shark was likely involved in the five incidents.


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: Before 1916, American scholars doubted that sharks would fatally wound a living person in the temperate waters of the northeastern United States without provocation. One skeptical scientist wrote, "There is a great difference between being attacked by a shark and being bitten by one." He believed that sharks tangled in fishing nets or feeding on carrion might accidentally bite a nearby human. In 1891, millionaire banker and adventurer Hermann Oelrichs offered a $500 reward in the "New York Sun" "for an authenticated case of a man having been attacked by a shark in [the] temperate waters" north of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. He wanted proof that "in temperate waters even one man, woman, or child, while alive, was ever attacked by a shark." The reward went unclaimed and scientists remained convinced that the upper eastern coast of the United States was inhabited by harmless sharks.


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: Academics were skeptical that a shark could produce fatal wounds on human victims. Ichthyologist Henry Weed Fowler and curator Henry Skinner of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia asserted that a shark's jaws did not have the power to sever a human leg in a single bite. Frederic Lucas, director of the American Museum of Natural History, questioned whether a shark even as large as 30 feet (9 m) could snap a human bone. He told "The Philadelphia Inquirer" in early 1916 that "it is beyond the power even of the largest Carcharodon to sever the leg of an adult man." Lucas summed up his argument by pointing to Oelrichs's unclaimed reward and that the chances of being bitten by a shark were "infinitely less than that of being struck by lightning and that there is practically no danger of an attack from a shark about our coasts."


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: The Jersey Shore attacks compelled scientists in the United States to revise their assumptions that sharks were timid and powerless. In July 1916, ichthyologist and editor for the National Geographic Society Hugh McCormick Smith published an article in the "Newark Star-Eagle" describing some shark species as "harmless as doves and others the incarnation of ferocity." He continued, "One of the most prodigious, and perhaps the most formidable of sharks is the man-eater, "Carcharodon carcharias" [great white]. It roams through all temperate and tropical seas, and everywhere is an object of dread. Its maximum length is forty feet and its teeth are three inches (76 mm) long."


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: By the end of July 1916, John Nichols and Robert Murphy were taking the great white more seriously. In "Scientific American", Murphy wrote that the "white shark is perhaps the rarest of all noteworthy sharks ... their habits are little known, but they are said to feed to some extent on big sea turtles ... Judging from its physical make-up, it would not hesitate to attack a man in open water." He concluded that "because it is evident that even a relatively small white shark, weighing two or three hundred pounds, might readily snap the largest human bones by a jerk of its body, after it has bitten through the flesh."


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: After the Matawan attacks, Frederic Lucas admitted on the front page of "The New York Times" that he had underestimated sharks. The paper reported that "the foremost authority on sharks in this country has doubted that any shark ever attacked a human being, and has published his doubts, but the recent cases have changed his view." Nichols later documented the occurrence of the great white shark in his biological survey "Fishes of the Vicinity of New York City" (1918), ""Carcharodon carcharias" (Linn.) White Shark. "Man-eater." Accidental in summer. June to July 14, 1916."


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: Whereas sharks had previously been seen as harmless, after the Jersey Shore attacks of 1916 the pendulum of public opinion swung to the other extreme, and sharks quickly came to be viewed not only as eating machines, but also as fearless, ruthless killers.


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: After the first fatality, newspaper cartoonists began using sharks as caricatures for political figures, German U-boats, Victorian morality and fashion, polio, and the deadly heat wave threatening the Northeast at the time. Fernicola notes, "Since 1916 was among the years that Americans were trying to break away from the rigidity and conservatism of the Victorian period, one comic depicted a risqué polka-dot bathing suit and advertised it as the secret weapon to keep sharks away from our swimmers." Another cartoon depicted "an exasperated individual at the end of a dock that displays a 'Danger: No Swimming' sign and mentions the three most emphasized 'danger' topics of the day: 'Infantile Paralysis (polio), Epidemic Heat Wave, and Sharks in the Ocean'." The cartoon is entitled "What's a Family Man to Do?" With World War I ongoing in 1916 and America's growing distrust of Germany, cartoonists depicted U-boats with the mouth and fins of a shark assaulting Uncle Sam while he wades in the water.


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: In 1974, writer Peter Benchley published "Jaws", a novel about a rogue great white shark that terrorizes the fictional Long Island coastal community of Amity. Chief of police Martin Brody, biologist Matt Hooper, and fisherman Quint hunt the shark after it kills four people. The novel was adapted as the film "Jaws" by Steven Spielberg in 1975. Spielberg's film makes reference to the events of 1916: Brody (Roy Scheider) and Hooper (Richard Dreyfuss) urge Amity's Mayor Vaughn (Murray Hamilton) to close the beaches on the Fourth of July after the deaths of two swimmers and a fisherman. Hooper explains to the mayor, "Look, the situation is that apparently a great white shark has staked a claim in the waters off Amity Island. And he's going to continue to feed here as long as there is food in the water." Brody adds, "And there's no limit to what he's gonna do! I mean we've already had three incidents, two people killed inside of a week. And it's gonna happen again, it happened before! The Jersey beach! ... 1916! Five people chewed up on the surf!" Richard Ellis, Richard Fernicola, and Michael Capuzzo all suggest that the 1916 Jersey Shore attacks, Coppleson's rogue shark theory, and the exploits of New York fisherman Frank Mundus inspired Benchley. The attacks are also briefly referred to in Benchley's novel "White Shark".


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: The 1916 fatal attacks are the subject of three studies: Richard G. Fernicola's "In Search of the "Jersey Man-Eater"" (1987) and "Twelve Days of Terror" (2001) and Michael Capuzzo's "Close to Shore" (2001). Capuzzo offers an in-depth dramatization of the incident, and Fernicola examines the scientific, medical, and social aspects of the attacks. Fernicola's research is the basis of an episode of the History Channel's documentary series "In Search of History" titled "Shark Attack 1916" (2001) and the Discovery Channel's docudrama "12 Days of Terror" (2004). Fernicola also wrote and directed a 90-minute documentary called "Tracking the Jersey Man-Eater". It was produced by the George Marine Library in 1991; however, it was never widely released.


title: Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916

text: The attacks at Matawan are the subject of the National Geographic Channel documentary "Attacks of the Mystery Shark" (2002), which examines the possibility that a bull shark was responsible for killing Stanley Fisher and Lester Stilwell; Discovery Channel's "Blood in the Water" (2009); Shore Thing (2009) (directed by Lovari and James Hill); and the Smithsonian Channel's "The Real Story: Jaws" (2011).


title: Clifton Powell

text: Clifton Powell (born March 16, 1956) is an American actor who primarily plays supporting roles in films, such as in "Ray" (2004), for which he received an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture nomination.


title: Clifton Powell

text: Powell has appeared in more than one hundred films, beginning in the 1980s. His credits include "Menace II Society" (1993), "Dead Presidents" (1995), "Why Do Fools Fall in Love" (1998), "Rush Hour" (1998), "Next Friday" (2000), and its 2002 sequel, "Friday After Next", "Woman Thou Art Loosed" (2004), and "Ray" (2004). He played Martin Luther King Jr. in the 1999 television film "Selma, Lord, Selma". Powell also has had many supporting roles in smaller direct-to-video films in 2000s and 2010s.


title: Clifton Powell

text: On television, Powell had the recurring roles on "Roc", "South Central", and "Army Wives", and well as guest-starred on "In the Heat of the Night", "Murder, She Wrote", "NYPD Blue", "", and "House MD". In 2016, Powell was cast as main antagonist in the Bounce TV first prime time soap opera, "Saints & Sinners" opposite Vanessa Bell Calloway and Gloria Reuben.


title: Clifton Powell

text: Powell was born in Washington, D.C., and grew up in Mayfair Mansions in Northeast D.C. He is a graduate of the Duke Ellington School of the Arts. Powell is married to Kimberly, with whom he has two children.


title: Vice Ganda

text: Jose Marie Borja Viceral (born March 31, 1976), popularly known as Vice Ganda (; ), is a Filipino comedian, talk show host, television presenter, actor, entrepreneur, and singer. He is a regular host on ABS-CBN's noontime variety show "It's Showtime", and has starred in several films, eight of which are considered to be the highest-grossing in Philippine cinema.


title: Vice Ganda

text: Dubbed as the “"Unkabogable and Phenomenal Box Office Superstar"” by various media outlets, Ganda is among the most followed Filipino celebrity across all leading social media platforms. Edukcircle Awards awarded him as one of the “Most Influential Celebrity of the Decade .” CNN Philippines recognises Ganda's unrivalled consecutive blockbuster films as one of the moments that defined Pinoy pop culture in 2010s decade. Forbes Asia listed him among the Top 100 Digital Stars for being one of Asia-Pacific's Most Influential Celebrities on Social Media. In 2021, Ganda won an Asian Academy Creative Award for Best Entertainment Host.


title: Vice Ganda

text: As of 2021, Ganda's total movie gross has already reached ₱4.6 billion, becoming the Highest Grossing Actor of all time. Throughout his career, he has already raked over 80 awards including the prestigious Dolphy Lifetime Achievement Award at the 66th FAMAS Awards. During his stand-up routines, Vice Ganda uses observational comedy, situational irony and sarcasm in pertaining to Filipino culture and human sexuality. He is also the first openly LGBTQ endorser for Globe Telecom. Currently, Vice Ganda is under the management of ABS-CBN, and handling him is business unit head Deo Endrinal after being managed for four years by local entertainment columnist/host, Ogie Diaz.


title: Vice Ganda

text: Before coming out to his family and loved ones, Vice Ganda was known as "Tutoy", which was his nickname as a young boy. The youngest of six children, Vice Ganda grew up in the neighbourhood Sta Cruz, Manila. His father, a native of Taysan, Batangas and a barangay captain in Tondo, Manila, was murdered when he was young, prompting his mother, an Ilocana from San Juan, La Union, to leave her children to work abroad as a caregiver. Ganda was able to sustain his studies due to a scholarship granted by an unknown Japanese woman who funded his education from third grade until second year college. He studied political science at Far Eastern University but was not able to complete his studies to pursue his career.


title: Vice Ganda

text: Vice Ganda started out as a singer, then as a comedian for Punchline and The Library in Manila, whose owner Andrew de Real gave him the stage name "Vice Ganda". He was discovered by Hans Mortel who later on introduced him to De Real, the "Godfather of Malate" and "King of Comedy Bars" who had served as his mentor for his comedy skits. There he spent several years developing his material in the comedy clubs. His career began to build after appearances on television and reviews from tabloid columns. He works alongside fellow comedians Chokoleit, Pooh, John Lapus and Rey Kilay. Ganda is widely known for his observational comedy and situational irony type of comedy skits. In 1999, a talent scout and now a fellow television comedian and manager Ogie Diaz discovered Ganda in one of his visits to the comedy bars. He appeared first as Antonia in the Judy Ann Drama Special aired by giant television network ABS-CBN. He also appeared on a cameo role in Sa Paraiso ni Efren, a film produced by Regal Films. In the same year, Ganda appeared as one of the guests for Comedy Central Market under GMA Network and became a guest performer for a now defunct show, SOP in the same network. In 2002, he was one of the contenders in “O Diva” and "Birit Queen", both singing contests in Eat Bulaga!, the longest-running noontime show in the Philippines. Since then, he played minor roles or guest roles in various television programs of ABS-CBN such as M.R.S. (Most Requested Show) and various roles in a drama anthology, Maalaala Mo Kaya. In 2007, Ganda appeared on his biggest project at that time in Apat Dapat, Dapat Apat, a film under VIVA Films starring Candy Pangilinan, Eugene Domingo, Rufa Mae Quinto and Pokwang. During this time, he still performs as a stand-up comedian to make ends meet. In the same year, he starred as one of the supporting actors for a television series Kokey. In 2008, Ganda starred in minor role in an independent film "Condo" with Coco Martin, and in the same year in a Star Cinema film "In My Life" alongside Vilma Santos and John Lloyd Cruz. He then appeared in several television series and sitcoms such as "Dyosa", under the direction of Wenn V. Deramas and in the drama series "".


title: Vice Ganda

text: Vice Ganda's biggest break was when he became part of "It's Showtime", a talent search program of ABS-CBN premiered in October 2009. The role was refused by then comedian Long Mejia until he was offered to replace Mejia as an unelectable judge. With this career break through, Ganda's life story of being bullied as a young, closeted homosexual has also been featured in the drama anthology, "Maalaala Mo Kaya". In 2010, he gained widespread popularity due to his jokes and sarcasm. He was one of the supporting roles for ""Hating Kapatid"" alongside Judy Ann Santos and Sarah Geronimo. In the same year, he starred in his first ever feature film, a remake of the 1988 comedy film, "Petrang Kabayo," originally played by Roderick Paulate. The film was an instant hit at its release and became one of the best-selling Filipino film of 2010. In the same year, Ganda staged his first ever major concert titled as ""May Nag-Text.. 'Yung Totoo! Vice Ganda sa Araneta"" held at the Araneta Coliseum.


title: Vice Ganda

text: In 2011, He became host of his own Sunday talk show, "Gandang Gabi, Vice!", which ended in 2020. In the same year, he won the Bert Marcelo Achievement Award for Excellence in Comedy at the 2011 GMMSF Box-Office Entertainment Awards. He also appeared on various guest roles for television series, Your Song, 100 Days to Heaven and I Dare You. Ganda then launched his successful 2nd major concert at the Araneta Coliseum, a sold-out event called ""Eto Na: Vice Ganda, Todong Sample sa Araneta"".


title: Vice Ganda

text: In 2012, he top-billed the film "The Unkabogable Praybeyt Benjamin", with Derek Ramsay, directed by Wenn V. Deramas. The movie became the first local film to reach 300 million pesos in ticket sales, and proved to be an even greater box office success than "Petrang Kabayo". Ganda also starred in the Filipino comedy film "This Guy's in Love with U Mare!" under Star Cinema and Viva Films, alongside Luis Manzano and Toni Gonzaga, directed by Deramas. Ganda appeared on his first ever Metro Manila Film Festival entry, "Sisterakas", a Filipino comedy parody film produced by Star Cinema and Viva Films in 2012 along with Kris Aquino and Ai-Ai de las Alas. The film became the highest-grossing Filipino film of 2012 and now the 3rd highest-grossing Filipino film of all time.


title: Vice Ganda

text: In 2013, he starred in another hit movie alongside Maricel Soriano called "Girl, Boy, Bakla, Tomboy", an official entry of the 2013 Metro Manila Film Festival. The movie earned Ganda a Best Actor nomination at the MMFF and earned him Movie Actor Of The Year award at the 2014 Philippine Movie Press Club Star Awards for Movies (PMPC). In the same year, Ganda had his 3rd major concert called ""I-Vice Ganda Mo Ko sa Araneta"", a live concert that sparked controversy with GMA News head journalist Jessica Soho.


title: Vice Ganda

text: In 2014, Star Cinema released a movie called "The Amazing Praybeyt Benjamin" an official entry for the 2014 Metro Manila Film Festival and a sequel of a 2011 film of the same title. Ganda participated alongside actress Alex Gonzaga, and actors Richard Yap and James "Bimby" Aquino-Yap. The film was directed by Wenn V. Deramas and became the highest grossing Filipino film of 2014.


title: Vice Ganda

text: In 2015, Star Cinema released "Beauty and the Bestie", an official entry for the 2015 Metro Manila Film Festival, directed by Wenn V. Deramas. Ganda starred alongside actors Coco Martin, James Reid and Nadine Lustre. The film ended up as the highest-grossing Filipino film of 2015.


title: Vice Ganda

text: In 2016, Ganda starred in an action comedy film The Super Parental Guardians with Coco Martin. The film is directed by Joyce Bernal and is under the production of Star Cinema. This marks Ganda's 3rd consecutive highest-grossing film as it topped the 2016 year-end box office gross in Philippine cinema. The film also made history as it holds the record for highest opening day gross of all Filipino films, at . In the same year, he became judge in the 5th and 6th seasons of "Pilipinas Got Talent", along with his fellow celebrities, Angel Locsin and Robin Padilla and in Pinoy Boyband Superstar with Aga Muhlach, Yeng Constantino and 2NE1 member Sandara Park.


title: Vice Ganda

text: In 2017, he starred in another Metro Manila Film Festival entry titled alongside Daniel Padilla and 2015 Miss Universe Pia Wurtzbach. The film marks Ganda's 4th consecutive highest-grossing film of the year. Aside from his film, he also staged two major concerts in the same year, the first is the sold-out concert ""Pusuan Mo si Vice Ganda sa Araneta"" which further added few shows in the United States particularly in Houston, Texas, Kissimmee, Florida, San Diego and Los Angeles in California, and the second being the grand launch concert of his own make-up brand, Vice Cosmetics titled as "Vice Ganda For All".


title: Vice Ganda

text: In 2018, he starred in "Fantastica", a 2018 Filipino fantasy comedy film directed by Barry Gonzales and an official entry to the yearly Metro Manila Film Festival. It stars an ensemble cast including Bela Padilla, Richard Gutierrez and Dingdong Dantes. The film became the 2nd highest-grossing Filipino film of 2018 and 5th on the highest-grossing Filipino film of all time.


title: Vice Ganda

text: In 2019, Ganda together with Anne Curtis top-billed the 2019 Metro Manila Film Festival entry, "The Mall, The Merrier". This was the first time that he did not top the box-office of the said film festival and ended up on a 2nd place behind Miracle in Cell No. 7. Ganda also staged his first ever duo concert with Asia's Songbird Regine Velasquez titled as "The Songbird and the Song Horse" at the Araneta Coliseum. The concert was a major success and had a run for three consecutive shows on February 14–16, 2019.


title: Vice Ganda

text: In June 2021, he hosted a game show, "Everybody, Sing!", which replaced his own talk show "Gandang Gabi, Vice!", the game show concluded in October 2021, then returned to television for its 2nd season in September 2022.The show made Ganda the first Filipino to win Best Lifestyle, Entertainment Presenter/Host in the fourth Asian Academy Creative Awards (AACA). Due to the restrictions brought upon by the COVID pandemic, he launched his first ever digital pay-per-view concert "Gandemic: The VG-tal Concert" in Sky Cable. After few months, with the easing of restrictions, Ganda returned to live stage with his concert "Vax Ganda: A Dose Of Laughter" at Pechanga Resort & Casino in Temecula, California and in Mohegan Sun in Connecticut.


title: Vice Ganda

text: On 2022, Ganda is set to return to the 2022 Metro Manila Film Festival in the movie Partners in Crime under Star Cinema alongside vlogger Ivana Alawi.


title: Vice Ganda

text: In 2011, Vice Ganda released his first studio album, "Lakas Tama" under Vicor Music. It features mostly pop and novelty songs, including his lead single "Palong Palo", written by Callalily frontman Kean Cipriano. In the same year, he was also included in the compilation album of "Showtime", released by Star Records.


title: Vice Ganda

text: In 2013, he released his self-titled album under Star Records. Ganda's carrier single ""Karakaraka"" featuring Filipino rapper Smugglaz quickly reached the top spot of the most-downloaded songs in the online musical portal MyMusicStore on the first day of its release. The hit single was used as theme song of the 2013 romantic-comedy Star Cinema film “.” In 2014, Vice Ganda released his 3rd album, entitled #Trending, which featured the song "Boom Panes" and "Push Mo Yan Teh!". The album reached gold record status with more than 7,500 copies sold in its first week according to the Philippine Association of the Record Industry, Inc. (PARI). The album featured songs that speak about social issues including gender inequality and corruption.


title: Vice Ganda

text: In 2015, Ganda released his single ""Wag Kang Pabebe"" with a music video released on July of the same year. He also released ""Eh di Wow"" as official soundtrack for Inday Bote and a cover of Jolina Magdangal's "Chuva Choo Choo" as a soundtrack for his film, Beauty and the Bestie. In 2016, Ganda released the sound track for his film The Super Parental Guardians, titled as ""Ang Kulit"", an original composition under Star Records. The song was composed by Jonathan Manalo in which Ganda expressed his gratitude to him for making the single along with his previous hits like "Wag kang Pabebe" and "Boom Panes" during Manalo's show at the Music Museum. In 2017, Ganda released his ballad single ""Hanggang Kailan Aasa"" and his pop single ""Gigil si Aquo"". The following year, he released ""Ganda for All"", a non-album single and ""Kay Sayang Pasko Na Naman"" in 2019.


title: Vice Ganda

text: On July 16, 2016, Vice Ganda launched his first book titled "President Vice: Ang Bagong Panggulo ng Pilipinas" (), a parody about how he would deal with problems of the Filipinos in case he was elected the next president of the Philippines. As of 2017, the book has already sold more than 100,000 copies in the Philippines.


title: Vice Ganda

text: On October 7, 2017, Ganda launched "Vice Cosmetics", his own brand of cosmetics. In an interview by Rappler during his successful Meet-and-Greet at TriNoma store, he said that the idea to start his own makeup company started when he was offered to endorse a cosmetics line. His products from Vice Cosmetics are all designed and made in Los Angeles. In line with the launch, a concert named "Ganda For All" was held at the Smart Araneta Coliseum with various performers including its first ever celebrity endorsers, Maymay Entrata and Kisses Delavin. During the event, Vice Cosmetics earns Guinness World Record after 6,900 people applied lipstick at the same time surpassing the record of MaryKay Cosmetics in China with previous record of 5,840.


title: Vice Ganda

text: Vice Ganda does not mind being addressed with either masculine or feminine pronouns, identifying as non-binary. He has advocated for queer rights and representation throughout his career.


title: Vice Ganda

text: Vice Ganda reportedly suffered from depression due to career issues and personal problems. One of his biggest life inspirations is his teacher who told him to "always follow his dreams no matter how big or wild they are." Since November 2018, he has been in a relationship with Ion Perez, a member of the supporting cast on "It's Showtime". On his YouTube vlog uploaded on February 13, 2022, he revealed that he and Perez underwent a commitment ceremony on October 19, 2021, at The Little Vegas Chapel in Las Vegas, Nevada.


title: Vice Ganda

text: Vice Ganda endorsed Davao mayor Rodrigo Duterte for president, during the 2016 Philippine elections, and has had him on as a guest for his late-night television show Gandang Gabi, Vice!. For the 2022 Philippine elections, he endorsed Vice President Leni Robredo for president, stating that "Tayo dapat ang manalo. Si Leni Robredo ang magpapanalo sa atin. Ang tagal-tagal na natin talo. Ipanalo naman natin ang isa’t-isa. (We should win. Leni Robredo will make us win. We’ve been losing for so long. Let’s make each other win)." At Robredo's miting de avance (final rally before election day), he also endorsed Senator Kiko Pangilinan for vice president.


title: Vice Ganda

text: In 2013, Vice Ganda auctioned off some of his clothing and performed for a fundraising comedy show and donated all proceeds to ABS-CBN's "Sagip Kapamilya" (Save a Family) relief operations for those affected by Super Typhoon Yolanda, one of the deadliest and most powerful tropical cyclones ever recorded. He also joined a charity basketball game organized by fellow celebrities and PBA players held at Ynares Sports Arena in Pasig City to raise funds for families affected particularly in the Visayas region.


title: Vice Ganda

text: In 2020, during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines, Ganda donated face masks, disposable gloves, safety goggles, alcohol, and disinfectant spray for use by health workers in various hospitals in the Philippines. Apart from his extensive donation campaign for medical frontliners, Ganda also provided financial assistance to more than 400 employees of his cosmetics company. Ganda also launched his post-birthday donation drive for two barangays in Quezon City wherein he handed relief packs containing canned goods, rice, noodles, soaps, among others to 850 families in Brgy. South Triangle and Brgy. Paligsahan. Ganda was among the performers that appeared in ""Pantawid ng Pag-ibig: At Home Together Concert""..He launched his single ""Corona Bye-Bye Na"" during the live telecast. The show aimed to as a fundraiser for basic necessities for those affected by the pandemic. Ganda also partnered with Angel Locsin to provide beds in a temporary air-conditioned sleeping tents for medical staffs and other essential workers of Taguig City.


title: Vice Ganda

text: In November 2020, Ganda together with boyfriend Ion Perez, sibling Babot Viceral, actor-dancer Jhong Hilario and fiancé Maia Azores, began a donation drive which allocated more than to help purchase donations for people affected by Typhoon Vamco, known locally as Ulysses.


title: Vice Ganda

text: In August 2021 episode of his show, Everybody Sing! wherein the contestants are mountaineers and hikers, Ganda added donation to the Bourne to Hike Mountaineers' beneficiaries- the Aeta communities in Bicol region. In November 2021, he donated his a day-worth of talent fee to ABS-CBN Foundation for the benefits of the victims of Typhoon Odette in Cebu and Siargao. Ganda announced this during It's Showtime live telecast influencing his fellow hosts to donate their talent fees as well.


title: Vice Ganda

text: In November 2021, during the annual ""Magpasikat"" competition of It's Showtime hosts against each other. Ganda and his group together with Ryan Bang and Jackie Gonzaga won runner up and dedicated their winning prize of to The Ruth Foundation for Palliative and Hospice Care (Ruth Foundation Project Reef Care). The said foundation caters to COVID and Non COVID cases and help them with medical care.


title: Vice Ganda

text: In January 2022, he donated to a 10-day benefit concert headed by Regine Velasquez in the ""Tulung-Tulong sa Pag-ahon campaign"" of ABS-CBN Foundation to aid further recovery of typhoon Odette-affected families. In March 2022, in a vlog uploaded in his YouTube account, Ganda extended help to random strangers by paying for the medicines they bought in a pharmacy opposite AFP Medical Center in Quezon City. According to him, finding the money to buy medicine is a big headache for a lot of people so he paid for the expenses of all customers throughout the day.