title: Judgement of Paris

text: Ivo Saliger (1939), Adolf Ziegler (1939), and Joseph Thorak (1941) also used the classic myth to propagate German renewal during the Nazi period.


title: Judgement of Paris

text: "Kallistēi" is the word of the ancient Greek language inscribed on Eris' Apple of Discord. In Greek, the word is "καλλίστῃ" (the dative singular of the feminine superlative of καλος, beautiful). Its meaning can be rendered "to the fairest one". "Calliste" (Καλλίστη; Mod. Gk. "Kallisti") is also an ancient name for the isle of Thera.


title: Judgement of Paris

text: The word "Kallisti" (Modern Greek) written on a golden apple, has become a principal symbol of Discordianism, a post-modernist religion. In non-philological texts (such as Discordian ones) the word is usually spelled as "καλλιστι". Most versions of "Principia Discordia" actually spell it as καλλιχτι, but this is definitely incorrect; in the afterword of the 1979 Loompanics edition of "Principia", Gregory Hill says that was because on the IBM typewriter he used, not all Greek letters coincided with Latin ones, and he didn't know enough of the letters to spot the mistake. Zeus' failure to invite Eris is referred to as "The Original Snub" in Discordian mythology.


title: Judgement of Paris

text: The story is the basis of an opera, "The Judgement of Paris", with a libretto by William Congreve, that was set to music by four composers in London, 1700–1701. Thomas Arne composed a highly successful score to the same libretto in 1742. The opera "Le Cinesi" ("The Chinese Women") by Christoph Willibald Gluck (1754) concludes with a ballet, "The Judgement of Paris", sung as a vocal quartet. Francesco Cilea's 1902 opera "Adriana Lecouvreur" also includes a "Judgement of Paris" ballet sequence.


title: Judgement of Paris

text: The story is the basis of an earlier opera, "Il pomo d'oro", in a prologue and five acts by the Italian composer Antonio Cesti, with a libretto by Francesco Sbarra (1611–1668). It was first performed before the imperial court in a specially constructed open-air theatre Vienna in 1668. The work was so long it had to be staged over the course of two days: the Prologue, Acts One and Two were given on July 12; Acts Three, Four and Five on July 14. The staging was unprecedented for its magnificence (and expense). The designer Ludovico Ottavio Burnacini provided no fewer than 24 sets and there were plenty of opportunities for spectacular stage machinery, including shipwrecks and collapsing towers.


title: Judgement of Paris

text: The Judgement of Paris was burlesqued in the 1954 musical "The Golden Apple". In it, the three goddesses have been reduced to three town biddies in smalltown Washington state. They ask Paris, a traveling salesman, to judge the cakes they have made for the church social. Each woman (the mayor's wife, the schoolmarm, and the matchmaker) makes appeals to Paris, who chooses the matchmaker. The matchmaker, in turn, sets him up with Helen, the town floozy, who runs off with him.


title: Judgement of Paris

text: The Judgement of Paris is featured in the 2003 TV miniseries "Helen of Troy". The event is brief, and only Hera and Aphrodite offer bribes. All three goddesses remain fully clothed. Aphrodite gives Paris a vision of Helen, while Helen has a reciprocal vision of Paris.


title: Judgement of Paris

text: In the "" series, the contest is altered somewhat with Aphrodite and Athena entering but Artemis is the third goddess contestant instead of Hera (offering the one who chooses her the chance to be renowned as a great warrior). The Golden Apple appears as a gift from Aphrodite with the ability to make any mortal woman fall in love with the man holding it and to make a mortal man and woman soul mates if they simultaneously touch it. The other major differences beside the presence of Artemis and the role of the apple are the fact that it is Ëlaus who is the judge and the goddesses appear in swimsuits and not nude.


title: Judgement of Paris

text: Chronological listing of classical literature sources for The Judgement of Paris, including the Apple of Discord:


title: Intolerance (film)

text: Intolerance is a 1916 epic silent film directed by D. W. Griffith. Subtitles include Love's Struggle Throughout the Ages and A Sun-Play of the Ages.


title: Intolerance (film)

text: Regarded as one of the most influential films of the silent era (though it received mixed reviews at the time), the three-and-a-half-hour epic intercuts four parallel storylines, each separated by several centuries: first, a contemporary melodrama of crime and redemption; second, a Judean story: Christ's mission and death; third, a French story: the events surrounding the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre of 1572; and fourth, a Babylonian story: the fall of the Babylonian Empire to Persia in 539 BC. Each story had its own distinctive color tint in the original print. The scenes are linked by shots of a figure representing Eternal Motherhood, rocking a cradle.


title: Intolerance (film)

text: Griffith chose to explore the theme of intolerance partly in response to his previous film "The Birth of a Nation" (1915) being derided by the NAACP and others for perpetuating and supporting racial stereotypes and glorifying the Ku Klux Klan. "Intolerance" was not, however, an apology, as Griffith felt he had nothing to apologize for; in numerous interviews, Griffith made clear that the film was a rebuttal to his critics and he felt that they were, in fact, the intolerant ones. In the years following its release, "Intolerance" strongly influenced European film movements. In 1958, the film was voted number 7 on the Brussels 12 list at the 1958 World Expo. In 1989, it was one of the first films to be selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.


title: Intolerance (film)

text: The film consists of four distinct, but parallel, stories—intercut with increasing frequency as the film builds to a climax—that demonstrate humankind's persistent intolerance throughout the ages. The timeline covers approximately 2,500 years.


title: Intolerance (film)

text: Breaks between differing time periods are marked by the symbolic image of a mother rocking a cradle, representing the passing of generations. The film simultaneously cross-cuts back and forth and interweaves the segments over great gaps of space and time, with over 50 transitions between the segments. One of the unusual characteristics of the film is that many of the characters do not have names. Griffith wished them to be emblematic of human types. Thus, the central female character in the modern story is called The Dear One, her young husband is called The Boy, and the leader of the local Mafia is called The Musketeer of the Slums. Critics and film theorists maintain that these names reveal Griffith's sentimentalism, which was already hinted at in "The Birth of a Nation", with names such as The Little Colonel.


title: Intolerance (film)

text: "Intolerance" was a colossal undertaking featuring monumental sets, lavish period costumes, and more than 3,000 extras. The lot on Sunset Boulevard featured a Babylon set with tall walls as well as streets of Judea and medieval France. The total payroll for extras was reported to have reached $12,000 daily. Griffith began shooting the film with the Modern Story (originally titled "The Mother and the Law"), whose planning predated the great commercial success of "The Birth of a Nation". He then greatly expanded it to include the other three parallel stories under the theme of intolerance. Three hundred thousand feet of film were shot.


title: Intolerance (film)

text: The total cost of producing "Intolerance" was reported to be close to $2 million including $250,000 for the Belshazzar feast scene alone, an astronomical sum in 1916, but accounts for the film show the exact cost to be $385,906.77. A third of the budget went into making the Babylonian segments of the film.


title: Intolerance (film)

text: "Intolerance" was met with an enthusiastic reception from film critics upon its premiere. Scholar Frank Beaver argues that "Griffith's intended message in "Intolerance" was not lost on reviewers", noting that in "The San Francisco Bulletin" a contemporary critic declared, "Griffith's film comes powerfully to strengthen the hand of the believers in love." Although "Intolerance" was a commercial failure upon its initial release, it has since received very positive reviews and later gained popularity. It has been called "the only film fugue". Theodore Huff, one of the leading film critics of the first half of the 20th century, believed that it was the only motion picture worthy of taking its place alongside Beethoven's Symphony No. 5, Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel ceiling paintings, etc., as a separate and central artistic contribution.


title: Intolerance (film)

text: "Intolerance" was shown out of competition at the 1982 Cannes Film Festival. In 1989, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant", the first year of voting. In 2007, AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) ranked "Intolerance" as the 49th best American film of all time. The film also holds a 97% approval rating on the aggregation site Rotten Tomatoes.


title: Intolerance (film)

text: Critic Armond White considers "Intolerance" the greatest film ever made, writing, "A century later we are as close to its subject as we are distant from its art." Praise for the work is not unanimous, however. David Thomson argued that the film's impact is weakened by its "self-destructive frenzy":


title: Intolerance (film)

text: The film has been widely reported to have been a box office bomb, but this is a myth attributed to its misreported budget. Even though up to that time it was the most expensive American film made, and it did far less business than "The Birth of a Nation", it earned approximately $1 million for its backers, a respectable performance and enough to recoup its budget.


title: Intolerance (film)

text: "Intolerance" and its unorthodox editing were enormously influential, particularly among European and Soviet filmmakers. Many of the numerous assistant directors Griffith employed in making the film—Erich von Stroheim, Tod Browning, Woody Van Dyke—went on to become important and noted Hollywood directors in subsequent years.


title: Intolerance (film)

text: "Intolerance"'s "Babylon" set is a feature location in the 2011 video game "L.A. Noire", even though the game is set in 1947 and the Babylon set was torn down before this date.


title: Intolerance (film)

text: "Intolerance" is now in the public domain. There are currently four major versions of the film in circulation on home video.


title: Intolerance (film)

text: A further extensive 1989 restoration was a collaboration between silent film composer-conductor Gillian Anderson, the Museum of Modern Art and the Library of Congress. It is somewhat controversial but perhaps the most accurate to date; however, it is unavailable on home video.


title: Intolerance (film)

text: There are other budget/public domain video and DVD versions of this film released by different companies, each with varying degrees of picture quality depending on the source that was used. Most are of poor picture quality, but even the restored 35 millimeter versions exhibit considerable film damage.


title: Intolerance (film)

text: The Internet Movie Database lists the standard running time as 163 minutes, which is the running length of the DVD released by "Public Domain Flicks". The Delta DVD released in Region 1 as "Intolerance: A Sun Play of the Ages" and in Region 2 as "Intolerance: Love's Struggle Throughout the Ages" clocks in at 167 minutes. The version available for free viewing on the Internet Movie Archive is the Killiam restoration.


title: Intolerance (film)

text: Cameraman Karl Brown remembered a scene with the various members of the Babylonian harem that featured full frontal nudity. He was barred from the set that day, apparently because he was so young. While there are several shots of slaves and harem girls throughout the film (which were shot by another director without Griffith's involvement), the scene that Brown describes is not in any surviving versions.


title: Intolerance (film)

text: It is also known that a major segment of the Renaissance "French" story, involving the attempted assassination of the Admiral Coligny, was cut before the film's release.


title: Intolerance (film)

text: Film historian Kevin Brownlow has written that, when Griffith re-released "The Modern Story" separately as "The Mother and the Law" in 1919, he softened in the film, due to the First Red Scare that year. "He was obliged to put this title in the strike sequence: 'The militiamen having used blank cartridges, the workmen now fear only the company guards. In fact, "machine guns could not operate with blank cartridges at this period", Brownlow noted.


title: George Santayana

text: Jorge Agustín Nicolás Ruiz de Santayana y Borrás, known in English as George Santayana (; December 16, 1863 – September 26, 1952), was a Spanish and US-American philosopher, essayist, poet, and novelist. Born in Spain, Santayana was raised and educated in the US from the age of eight and identified himself as an American, although he always retained a valid Spanish passport. At the age of 48, Santayana left his position at Harvard and returned to Europe permanently.


title: George Santayana

text: Santayana is popularly known for aphorisms, such as "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it", "Only the dead have seen the end of war", and the definition of beauty as "pleasure objectified". Although an atheist, he treasured the Spanish Catholic values, practices, and worldview in which he was raised. Santayana was a broad-ranging cultural critic spanning many disciplines. He was profoundly influenced by Spinoza's life and thought; and, in many respects, was a devoted Spinozist.


title: George Santayana

text: Santayana was born on December 16, 1863, in Madrid and spent his early childhood in Ávila, Spain. His mother Josefina Borrás was the daughter of a Spanish official in the Philippines and he was the only child of her second marriage. Josefina Borrás' first husband was George Sturgis, a Bostonian merchant with the Manila firm Russell & Sturgis, with whom she had five children, two of whom died in infancy. She lived in Boston for a few years following her husband's death in 1857; in 1861, she moved with her three surviving children to Madrid. There she encountered Agustín Ruiz de Santayana, an old friend from her years in the Philippines. They married in 1862. A colonial civil servant, Ruiz de Santayana was a painter and minor intellectual. The family lived in Madrid and Ávila, and Jorge was born in Spain in 1863.


title: George Santayana

text: In 1869, Josefina Borrás de Santayana returned to Boston with her three Sturgis children, because she had promised her first husband to raise the children in the US. She left the six-year-old Jorge with his father in Spain. Jorge and his father followed her to Boston in 1872. His father, finding neither Boston nor his wife's attitude to his liking, soon returned alone to Ávila, and remained there the rest of his life. Jorge did not see him again until he entered Harvard College and began to take his summer vacations in Spain. Sometime during this period, Jorge's first name was anglicized as George, the English equivalent.


title: George Santayana

text: Santayana attended Boston Latin School and Harvard College, where he studied under the philosophers William James and Josiah Royce and was involved in eleven clubs as an alternative to athletics. He was founder and president of the Philosophical Club, a member of the literary society known as the O.K., an editor and cartoonist for "The Harvard Lampoon", and co-founder of the literary journal "The Harvard Monthly". In December, 1885, he played the role of Lady Elfrida in the Hasty Pudding theatrical "Robin Hood", followed by the production "Papillonetta" in the spring of his senior year.


title: George Santayana

text: After graduating from Harvard in 1886, Santayana studied for two years in Berlin. He then returned to Harvard to write his dissertation on Hermann Lotze (1889). He was a professor at Harvard from 1889–1912, becoming part of the Golden Age of the Harvard philosophy department. Some of his Harvard students became famous in their own right, including Conrad Aiken, W. E. B. Du Bois, T. S. Eliot, Robert Frost, Horace Kallen, Walter Lippmann and Gertrude Stein. Wallace Stevens was not among his students but became a friend. From 1896 to 1897, Santayana studied at King's College, Cambridge.


title: George Santayana

text: Santayana never married. His romantic life, if any, is not well understood. Some evidence, including a comment Santayana made late in life comparing himself to A. E. Housman, and his friendships with people who were openly homosexual and bisexual, has led scholars to speculate that Santayana was perhaps homosexual or bisexual, but it remains unclear whether he had any actual heterosexual or homosexual relationships.


title: George Santayana

text: In 1912, Santayana resigned his position at Harvard to spend the rest of his life in Europe. He had saved money and been aided by a legacy from his mother. After some years in Ávila, Paris and Oxford, after 1920, he began to winter in Rome, eventually living there year-round until his death. During his 40 years in Europe, he wrote 19 books and declined several prestigious academic positions. Many of his visitors and correspondents were Americans, including his assistant and eventual literary executor, Daniel Cory. In later life, Santayana was financially comfortable, in part because his 1935 novel, "The Last Puritan", had become an unexpected best-seller. In turn, he financially assisted a number of writers, including Bertrand Russell, with whom he was in fundamental disagreement, philosophically and politically.


title: George Santayana

text: Santayana's one novel, "The Last Puritan", is a "Bildungsroman", centering on the personal growth of its protagonist, Oliver Alden. His "Persons and Places" is an autobiography. These works also contain many of his sharper opinions and "bons mots". He wrote books and essays on a wide range of subjects, including philosophy of a less technical sort, literary criticism, the history of ideas, politics, human nature, morals, the influence of religion on culture and social psychology, all with considerable wit and humor.


title: George Santayana

text: While his writings on technical philosophy can be difficult, his other writings are more accessible and pithy. He wrote poems and a few plays, and left ample correspondence, much of it published only since 2000. Like Alexis de Tocqueville, Santayana observed American culture and character from a foreigner's point of view. Like William James, his friend and mentor, he wrote philosophy in a literary way. Ezra Pound includes Santayana among his many cultural references in "The Cantos", notably in "Canto LXXXI" and "Canto XCV". Santayana is usually considered an American writer, although he declined to become an American citizen, resided in Fascist Italy for decades, and said that he was most comfortable, intellectually and aesthetically, at Oxford University. Although an atheist, Santayana considered himself an "aesthetic Catholic" and spent the last decade of his life in Rome under the care of Catholic nuns. In 1941, he entered a hospital and convent run by the Little Company of Mary (also known as the Blue Nuns) on the Celian Hill at 6 Via Santo Stefano Rotondo in Roma, where he was cared for by the Irish sisters until his death in September 1952. Upon his death, he did not want to be buried in consecrated land, which made his burial problematic in Italy. Finally, the Spanish consulate in Rome agreed that he be buried in the Pantheon of the Obra Pía Española, in the Campo Verano cemetery in Rome.


title: George Santayana

text: Santayana's main philosophical work consists of "The Sense of Beauty" (1896), his first book-length monograph and perhaps the first major work on aesthetics written in the United States; "The Life of Reason" (5 vols., 1905–06), the high point of his Harvard career; "Skepticism and Animal Faith" (1923); and "The Realms of Being" (4 vols., 1927–40). Although Santayana was not a pragmatist in the mold of William James, Charles Sanders Peirce, Josiah Royce, or John Dewey, "The Life of Reason" arguably is the first extended treatment of pragmatism written.


title: George Santayana

text: Like many of the classical pragmatists, and because he was well-versed in evolutionary theory, Santayana was committed to metaphysical naturalism. He believed that human cognition, cultural practices, and social institutions have evolved so as to harmonize with the conditions present in their environment. Their value may then be adjudged by the extent to which they facilitate human happiness. The alternate title to "The Life of Reason", "the Phases of Human Progress," is indicative of this metaphysical stance.


title: George Santayana

text: Santayana was an early adherent of epiphenomenalism, but also admired the classical materialism of Democritus and Lucretius. (Of the three authors on whom he wrote in "Three Philosophical Poets", Santayana speaks most favorably of Lucretius). He held Spinoza's writings in high regard, calling him his "master and model."


title: George Santayana

text: Although an atheist, he held a fairly benign view of religion and described himself as an "aesthetic Catholic". Santayana's views on religion are outlined in his books "Reason in Religion", "The Idea of Christ in the Gospels", and "Interpretations of Poetry and Religion".


title: George Santayana

text: He held racial superiority and eugenic views. He believed superior races should be discouraged from "intermarriage with inferior stock".


title: George Santayana

text: Santayana is remembered in large part for his aphorisms, many of which have been so frequently used as to have become clichéd. His philosophy has not fared quite as well. He is regarded by most as an excellent prose stylist, and John Lachs (who is sympathetic with much of Santayana's philosophy) writes, in "On Santayana", that his eloquence may ironically be the very cause of this neglect.


title: George Santayana

text: Santayana influenced those around him, including Bertrand Russell, whom Santayana single-handedly steered away from the ethics of G. E. Moore. He also influenced many prominent people such as Harvard students T. S. Eliot, Robert Frost, Gertrude Stein, Horace Kallen, Walter Lippmann, W. E. B. Du Bois, Conrad Aiken, Van Wyck Brooks, Felix Frankfurter, Max Eastman, Wallace Stevens. Stevens was especially influenced by Santayana's aesthetics and became a friend even though Stevens did not take courses taught by Santayana.


title: George Santayana

text: Santayana is quoted by the Canadian-American sociologist Erving Goffman as a central influence in the thesis of his famous book "The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life" (1959). Religious historian Jerome A. Stone credits Santayana with contributing to the early thinking in the development of religious naturalism. English mathematician and philosopher Alfred North Whitehead quotes Santayana extensively in his magnum opus "Process and Reality" (1929).


title: George Santayana

text: Chuck Jones used Santayana's description of fanaticism as "redoubling your effort after you've forgotten your aim" to describe his cartoons starring Wile E. Coyote and Road Runner.


title: George Santayana

text: Santayana's passing is referenced in the lyrics to singer-songwriter Billy Joel's 1989 music single, "We Didn't Start the Fire".


title: George Santayana

text: The quote "Only the dead have seen the end of war." is frequently attributed or misattributed to Plato; an early example of this misattribution (if it is indeed misattributed) is found in General Douglas MacArthur's Farewell Speech given to the Corps of Cadets at West Point in 1962.


title: George Santayana

text: The aphorism "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it" is quoted as "unattributable" in Dan Abnett's novel "Prospero Burns".


title: George Santayana

text: Unmodernized, critical editions of George Santayana's published and unpublished writing. "The Works" is edited by the Santayana Edition and published by The MIT Press.


title: Jethro Tull discography

text: This is the discography of the British progressive rock band Jethro Tull who formed in Blackpool, Lancashire in 1967. Initially playing blues rock, the band's sound soon incorporated elements of British folk music and hard rock to forge a progressive rock signature. The band were led by vocalist/flautist/guitarist Ian Anderson, and have included other significant members such as guitarist Martin Barre, drummer Doane Perry, and bassist Dave Pegg.


title: Hope (2013 film)

text: Hope (), also known as Wish, is a 2013 South Korean film directed by Lee Joon-ik, starring Sol Kyung-gu, Uhm Ji-won and Lee Re. It won Best Film at the 34th Blue Dragon Film Awards.


title: Hope (2013 film)

text: The film is based on a true story, the infamous Cho Doo-Soon case in 2008, in which an 8-year-old girl, named "Na-young" in the South Korean press, was raped and beaten by a drunk 57-year-old man in a public bathroom. The court sentenced the man to only 12 years in prison, which caused outrage in the country due to the brutality of the crime and the man's history of physical and sexual violence.


title: Hope (2013 film)

text: A young girl named So-won lives an idyllic life with her working class parents Dong-hoon and Mi-hee. One day on her way to school, So-won is kidnapped, beaten and raped by a male stranger before being left for dead. Fortunately, she survives and is able to call an ambulance.


title: Hope (2013 film)

text: The police notify Dong-hoon and Mi-hee of the attack and they rush to the emergency ward. Upon their arrival at the hospital, they are horrified by the extent of So-won's injuries. So-won suffers from multiple internal injuries and has to undergo major surgeries. Dong-hoon is advised by a surgeon that So-won will have to wear a colostomy bag for the rest of her life. Moreover, once So-won regains consciousness, she is able to identify her attacker with the help of Jung-sook, a psychiatrist.


title: Hope (2013 film)

text: So-won's attacker is arrested at his home, and the case becomes a media sensation much to the horror of her family and friends. When the reporters converge at the hospital, Dong-hoon takes So-won to a different room and hides her from the media attention. So-won exhibits symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and briefly mistakes her father for her attacker, screaming at him as he tries to fix her colostomy bag. Dong-hoon is heartbroken by this episode, and is further hurt when So-won refuses to look at him or speak to him.


title: Hope (2013 film)

text: Mi-hee initially refuses psychological help for her daughter as she wishes for So-won to resume her normal life. However, she relents after understanding her daughter's mental state and enlists the help of Jung-sook. Dong-hoon struggles to pay for medical expenses and calls his friend and manager, Gwang-sik, with the intent of quitting his job to help take care of his family. Gwang-sik is aware of Dong-hoon's situation and convinces him to keep his job, also providing him with money to pay for So-won's medical bills.


title: Hope (2013 film)

text: Mi-hee and her friends rent mascot costumes to play with So-won to help cheer her up; this gives Dong-hoon the idea to hide underneath the costume of his daughter's favorite cartoon character, Cocomong, in order to communicate with her. So-won is unaware of who is underneath the costume, but she opens up to "Cocomong" and allows him to give her a hug. Gradually, So-won's physical condition improves and she is able to return home. During the car ride home, So-won vomits after passing the site where she was attacked. She and her parents are soon comforted as they notice that the local community has decorated their home with notes of encouragement. Mi-hee is touched as she sees that their home had also been cleaned during their absence.


title: Hope (2013 film)

text: Dong-hoon resumes work but also finds the time to dress up as Cocomong and accompany So-won on her way to and from school. Soon, her mental state improves and she realises that her father has been hiding underneath the costume the entire time. Touched by his love and concern for her, she takes off the head of the costume and is able to look at her father for the first time since her hospitalisation.


title: Hope (2013 film)

text: The family is worried about the upcoming trial as So-won has to testify against her attacker. With great effort, they attend the trial and So-won describes what happened during the attack and identifies her attacker. Unfortunately, the man is only sentenced to 12 years in prison, angering So-won's family and friends. A fight breaks out in the courtroom with Dong-hoon intending to kill the attacker. So-won stops Dong-hoon and begs him to take her home. The family leaves the courtroom with little closure.


title: Hope (2013 film)

text: Some time later, Mi-hee has given birth to a son and is congratulated by family and friends, including Jung-sook and Gwang-sik. In the closing narration, So-won confides that she still struggles mentally and often has to leave school early, though the birth of her brother has given her a renewed sense of purpose.


title: Hope (2013 film)

text: On December 11, 2008, an eight-year-old first grader (known by her pseudonym "Na-young") was on her way to school when she was kidnapped by Cho Doo-soon (Jo Du-sun), a 57-year-old man living in Ansan,Cho repeatedly raped Na-young in an abandoned public church restroom, and as the child resisted, he beat, strangled and attempted to drown her in a toilet until she lost consciousness. Her parents found Na-young near death, and she was taken to a local hospital where after an eight-hour surgery, she had a prolonged stay in the intensive care unit. Doctors said Na-young sustained irreversible damage to her genitals, anus and intestines, which initially required her to wear a colostomy bag to replace her missing organs. Cho was arrested three days after the incident; he was a habitual sex offender with 17 prior crimes, and had spent three years in prison for rape in 1983.


title: Hope (2013 film)

text: Prosecutors had demanded life imprisonment for Cho, and more than 400,000 angry netizens signed a petition at Internet portal site Daum calling for capital punishment. A lower district court sentenced Cho to a 12-year jail term, citing his temporary loss of sound judgment due to inebriation, which was upheld by the Supreme Court in 2009. This relatively lenient sentence sparked widespread public outrage, prompting even then-President Lee Myung-bak to express regret over the ruling during a Cabinet meeting. Cho was incarcerated in a maximum security prison in North Gyeongsang Province.


title: Hope (2013 film)

text: Na-young's parents, represented by the Korean Bar Association, filed a lawsuit against the prosecution for subjecting their daughter to unnecessary physical and psychological distress; they cited the prosecution's hours-long, extended questioning soon after Na-young underwent major surgery during which she sat in discomfort and was forced to answer the same questions four times due to the prosecutors' inexperience with the electronic recording equipment, their inability to follow protocol in obtaining testimony from a minor (taping her in plain sight of other patients at a hospital ward), and their delay in exhibiting a key piece of evidence (the arrest videotape of Cho) which would have eliminated the need for her to take the witness stand. Prosecutor-General Kim Joon-gyu later apologized to the family. In 2011, the appellate division of the Seoul Central District Court upheld the court's previous decision ordering the government to pay () in compensation to Na-young.


title: Hope (2013 film)

text: Director Lee Joon-ik had retired briefly from the local film industry following the lackluster commercial performance of his previous effort "Battlefield Heroes" (2011). He returned two years later with "Hope", casting top actor Sol Kyung-gu in one of the lead roles. Lee said he wanted to "make a happy movie that begins with a tragedy. With this heartbreaking material, I wanted to make the film as happy as possible. I am going to present a human drama where hope blooms at the edge of unhappiness and desperation, after a series of ordeals and hardships." He maintained that he made the film to "encourage Na-young and other victims of sex crimes," and that instead of other films with a similar subject matter that focus on sensationalist aspects, like the crime itself, "Hope" is about "what happens after, and is more about showing how life is good and worth living, emphasizing how the community rallied around the victim."


title: Hope (2013 film)

text: Actress Uhm Ji-won had previously declined the film two years before, thinking she wasn't talented enough or ready to take on the intense emotions her role (as So-won's mother) required. But when Sol's wife and her close friend Song Yun-ah sent the script to her, Uhm said, "I started to think that this movie was supposed to come to me. I felt that someone should tell this valuable story. And I gained the courage to think that I could try it."


title: Hope (2013 film)

text: Shooting began in Changwon on April 13, 2013. Throughout the filming, Sol stayed in character as So-won's father, wearing his character's clothes all the time. The film wrapped on June 24, 2013 in Busan; the entire cast attended the final day of filming.


title: Hope (2013 film)

text: "Hope" was released in theaters on October 2, 2013. It had a soft opening, but through strong word of mouth, the film surpassed "Tough as Iron" (which opened on the same day), and topped the local box office chart with 1.21 million tickets sold () on its first week. On October 9, a public holiday, "Hope" recorded 210,000 admissions, the daily highest during its screening period. It increased its ticket sales by chalking up a 16% increase from its October 3 tally of 187,804 admissions. By its second week, it had reached 2.4 million admissions (), demonstrating it had strong legs by dropping only 8% and 29% in its second and third weekends. It stayed on the box office top ten in its third week, adding 290,000 to its modest hit status, with 2.67 million admissions. At the end of its run, its total admissions stood at 2,711,003, with a gross of .


title: Hope (2013 film)

text: "Hope" was sold to five Asian countries—Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia at the Asian Film Market during the 18th Busan International Film Festival. Hong Kong-based major financing and distribution company EDKO commented on the film as "a warm and considerate account of a highly controversial subject matter."


title: Hope (2013 film)

text: It was invited to be the opening film of the 8th Festival du Film Coréen à Paris ("Korean Film Festival in Paris") in 2013, and shortly after, was also shown at the London Korean Film Festival.


title: Hope (2013 film)

text: "Hope" was the surprise winner for Best Film at the 34th Blue Dragon Film Awards, defeating blockbusters "Miracle in Cell No. 7", "Snowpiercer" and "The Face Reader". It also took Best Screenplay and Best Supporting Actress for Ra Mi-ran. In her acceptance speech, a tearful Ra said, "I want to say this to the many girls out there who are in suffering like So-won—it's not your fault. It's OK. Please have strength." Ra again won at the KOFRA Film Awards (organized by the Korean Film Reporters Association), and Uhm Ji-won won Best Actress at the Korean Association of Film Critics Awards.


title: Hope (2013 film)

text: Apart from accolades from critics and audiences for "its focus on family, heartfelt emotion and feel-good message," the film has also drawn criticism for "trying to turn one of the most infamous news stories in recent years into a maudlin piece of mass entertainment," and that "it is too idealistic in depicting how the family overcomes the assault," with some people questioning whether it was right to profit from such a horrible event, no matter the intentions of the filmmaker.


title: Kıvanç Tatlıtuğ

text: Kıvanç Tatlıtuğ (; born 27 October 1983) is a Turkish actor, model, and former basketball player. He is one of the highest-paid actors in Turkey and has won many awards, including three Golden Butterfly Awards and a Yeşilçam Cinema Award. Tatlıtuğ won the pageants Best Model of Turkey and Best Model of the World in 2002. Tatlıtuğ has established himself as a leading actor of Turkey with roles in several of the highly successful television series, that includes "Menekşe ile Halil" (2007–2008), "Aşk-ı Memnu" (2008–2010), "Kuzey Güney" (2011–2013) and "Cesur ve Güzel" (2016–2017), all of which garnered him critical acclaim and international recognition, portraying researcher Arman in the Netflix original series "Into the Night" (2021) and "Yakamoz S-245" (2022).


title: Kıvanç Tatlıtuğ

text: Tatlıtuğ was born on 27 October 1983, in Adana, to Erdem and Nurten Tatlıtuğ. His mother is Turkish from Edirne. His paternal grandfather is an Albanian immigrant from Pristina. His paternal grandmother is a Bosniak immigrant from Sarajevo. He has said that he was born and raised in Adana and that his family has had a bakery business in the city for more than a hundred years. He stated that he is a Muslim by religion, and was seen praying on Eid. He studied at Yenice Çağ Private High School, where he excelled in basketball. Due to his father's illness, the family moved to Istanbul so that his father could receive proper treatment. In Istanbul, he joined the Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe, Ülkerspor, "Fiskobirlik", "Güney Sanayi", "Çukurova Kulübü", "Devlet Su İşleri" and "Tarsus Amerikan Kulübü" clubs as a professional U18 basketball player. Due to a dislocated leg, he left basketball. He graduated from Istanbul Kultur University in 2013. He married stylist Başak Dizer on 19 February 2016 at the Turkish embassy in Paris. The couple's first child, a son named Kurt Efe, was born in April 2022. A sculpture of Tatlıtuğ has been displayed in Madame Tussauds Istanbul.


title: Kıvanç Tatlıtuğ

text: He acted in the comedy film "Amerikalılar Karadenizde 2", which was directed by Kartal Tibet. He provided the voice of Ken for the Turkish dubbed version of "Toy Story 3". Tatlıtuğ played the poet Muzaffer Tayyip Uslu in the drama film "Kelebeğin Rüyası" with Farah Zeynep Abdullah. Kıvanç Tatlıtuğ won Yeşilçam Cinema Awards for Best Actor in a Leading Role and other awards for his performance as Muzaffer Tayyip Uslu.


title: Kıvanç Tatlıtuğ

text: Kıvanç hosted some pageants and shows. He starred in "Gümüş" as the character Mehmet Şadoğlu. He had guest role in fantasy series Acemi Cadı of Turkish version "Sabrina Teenage Witch" with Merve Boluğur for second time.He has also starred in other shows such as "Menekşe ile Halil", where he played alongside of Sedef Avcı. In the series "Aşk-ı Memnu", Kıvanç shared the leading role with Beren Saat.


title: Kıvanç Tatlıtuğ

text: A turning point in Tatlıtuğ's career was when he played as Sekiz in Ezel. Since 2011, he has portrayed Kuzey Tekinoğlu in the Kanal D drama series "Kuzey Güney", which ended in June 2013. He won two Golden Butterfly Awards for Best Actor in a Leading Role for his performance in "Aşk-ı Memnu" and "Kuzey ve Güney". He later acted in the TV series "Kurt Seyit ve Şura" with Farah Zeynep Abdullah in 2014 and in "Cesur ve Güzel" with Tuba Büyüküstün in 2016–2017 as Cesur Alemdaroğlu.


title: Curse of Chucky

text: Curse of Chucky is a 2013 American slasher film and the sixth installment of the "Child's Play" franchise. The film was written and directed by Don Mancini, who created the franchise and wrote the first six films. It stars Fiona Dourif, Danielle Bisutti, Brennan Elliott, Maitland McConnell, Chantal Quesnel, Summer H. Howell, A Martinez, and Brad Dourif. The film grossed $3.8 million in DVD sales.


title: Curse of Chucky

text: "Curse of Chucky" sees a return to the franchise's source material, bringing back the straightforward horror elements found in the first "Child's Play" film, as well as Chucky's classic appearance. The film, which went into production in September 2012, is the first direct-to-video installment of the series. In the U.S., it premiered via VOD on September 24, 2013, followed by a DVD and Blu-ray Disc release on October 8, 2013. The film was also turned into a scare zone for 2013's annual Halloween Horror Nights at Universal Studios Hollywood. Though "Curse of Chucky" was made with a direct-to-video release in mind, it was also seen theatrically in several countries, like Brazil. The film was followed by "Cult of Chucky" in 2017.


title: Curse of Chucky

text: At the isolated home of paraplegic Nica Pierce and her mother Sarah, a Good Guy doll called Chucky mysteriously arrives in the mail. Later that night, Sarah is found dead from a stab wound and her death is ruled as a suicide.


title: Curse of Chucky

text: Nica is visited by her sister Barb, accompanied by her husband Ian, their daughter Alice, live-in nanny Jill, and priest Father Frank. Alice finds Chucky and is allowed to keep him. That evening, while Alice and Nica are making chili for dinner, Chucky secretly pours rat poison into one of the dinner bowls. Father Frank eats the poison. After he leaves, he gets sick and ends up in a car accident that decapitates him. Back at the house, a storm starts and hinders phone signals, making outside communication difficult. Nica and the others sit and watch projected film, in which Charles Lee Ray can be seen in the background. Nica asks Barb about who the mysterious man is, but Barb has no information. Nica begins investigating where the doll came from.


title: Curse of Chucky

text: Jill searches for a missing Chucky, at Alice’s request. As she searches, it is revealed that Jill and Barb have been having an affair. Chucky, having moved himself to the couch next to Ian, recites “life is short” to he and Nica before they return the doll to Alice. At Alice’s bedtime, she reveals to her mother that Chucky has been talking to her, specifically about death. Alice later hides under the blanket with Chucky, where she expresses to him that she is afraid to which he laughs at and replies “you fucking should be”. While Nica searches the internet, she finds news articles about the murders tied to both the doll and Charles Lee Ray.


title: Curse of Chucky

text: As she digs deeper, Chucky sneaks away from a sleeping Alice and electrocutes Jill by kicking a leak water bucket onto an outlet, causing a blackout. Barb tells Ian that she is going to check on Alice, and Ian insinuates that he is aware of her affair with Jill. They fight and Barb storms off. Searching for Alice, Barb is confronted by Nica who is now aware of what Chucky is, but is unable to get a word in edgewise as Barb accuses her of being in league with Ian to expose her affair and take half of her assets.


title: Curse of Chucky

text: Barb goes to the attic clutching Chucky and finds Sarah's large collection of paintings of the same flower. She finds a knife inside Chucky's shirt and peels some of Chucky's now-loose plastic skin, revealing the stitches created by his ex-girlfriend Tiffany hidden underneath. Chucky springs to life and stabs Barb through the eye, killing her. Nica hears Barb's scream and, having crawled up the stairs to warn everyone, attempts to make it to Barb, only to have Barb’s disembodied eyeball thrown at her, followed by Barb’s dead body. Chucky proceeds to torment Nica who finds Jill’s body in her search for help. Nica wakes Ian up in a panic, alerting him of the deaths that have taken place, and they begin a search for Alice. Nica is left in the garage, once more warning Ian about Chucky before he continues searching for his daughter.


title: Curse of Chucky

text: Chucky sneaks into the garage and starts the car, filling the garage with carbon monoxide which begins to choke Nica. She breaks the window with an axe to stop Chucky, but he swallows the keys and assumes a lifeless position as Ian rushes into the room. Ian disarms Nica, believing her to be responsible for the murders. As she falls faint due to a medical episode, she asks Ian to administer her medicine, but he refuses. Instead, restraining Nica until she comes back to, further accusing her of malfeasance.


title: Curse of Chucky

text: Nica tries to explain that Chucky is alive, but Ian decides to review the footage from the nanny cam that he planted on Chucky earlier (to get evidence of Barb's sexual affair with Jill) and learns that Alice is locked in a closet and that Chucky truly is alive. Exposed, Chucky kills Ian by chopping off his lower jaw with a hatchet. Nica manages to break out of her restraints and avoids the hatchet by blocking it with her legs. The axe gets stuck, allows Nica to grab it and behead Chucky. As Nica wraps her wounded leg, Chucky reattaches his head and pushes Nica off the balcony onto the ground floor.


title: Curse of Chucky

text: Nica lays unable to move and asks Chucky why he is murdering her family. He explains through flashbacks that as Charles Lee Ray, he was a friend of her family and obsessed with Sarah. Ray killed Nica's father and kidnapped Sarah while she was pregnant with Nica. While Sarah was captive, Charles brought dozens of flowers to her—the same sort of flowers that Sarah compulsively painted. The cops find Ray’s hiding spot and blaming the discovery on Sarah, stabs her in the stomach (resulting in Nica being born paraplegic) and escapes. Ray's escape from the police ultimately led to his death as a human, which is why he came back to Sarah for revenge. Nica, after stalling by taunting him about his inability to kill former target Andy Barclay, manages to retreat into her home elevator, manages to disarm Chucky after he briefly chases her through the house. Nica plunges the knife into Chucky’s back. Chucky remains motionless for a while before springing back to life.


title: Curse of Chucky

text: Officer Stanton, the same officer who found Father Frank's body, arrives at the house and sees Barb's body. Nica holds a bloody knife alone in the elevator while Chucky sits motionless in the corner of the room.


title: Curse of Chucky

text: In her court hearing, Nica is found guilty of the murders and remanded to a mental asylum. Chucky is retained by Stanton after being used as an exhibit at her trial. Stanton, having been offered a fee to deliver Chucky to an unknown client, is ambushed and killed by Tiffany, when she springs from his back seat and slits his throat. A callback to her entrance into the franchise. Tiffany, still in Jennifer Tilly's body collects Chucky and goes to a packaging center to ship him off to a new victim.


title: Curse of Chucky

text: Chucky arrives to the new home of Alice, who is now living with her paternal grandmother. She comes home from school to find Chucky waiting for her. He explains to Alice that her grandmother is busy in the basement and suggest that they play a game called “Hide the Soul”. Chucky starts the voodoo chant to transfer his soul into Alice's body, while in the next room, her grandmother suddenly sits up, with a bag over her head. As she gasps for air, the screen goes black.


title: Curse of Chucky

text: In a post-credits scene, Chucky, still in his doll body, is delivered to Andy, now an adult. When Andy turns his back to answer a phone call from his mother, Chucky cuts his way out of the package with a knife. Chucky looks around the house, only for Andy to point a shotgun at Chucky's head and say, "Play with this.", while Chucky responds in an alarmed voice, "Andy!" as Andy shoots Chucky in the head, and, at the same time, the screen fades to black.


title: Curse of Chucky

text: In an August 2008 interview, Don Mancini and David Kirschner spoke of a planned reboot of the "Chucky" franchise, to be written and directed by Mancini. They described their choice of a remake over a sequel as a response to the will of the fans, who "want to see a scary Chucky movie again... to go back to the straightforward horror rather than the horror comedy." They indicated that Brad Dourif would return as the voice of Chucky.


title: Curse of Chucky

text: In a subsequent interview, Mancini described the remake as a darker and scarier retelling of the original film, but one that, while having new twists and turns, would not stray too far from the original concept. At a 2009 horror convention, Dourif confirmed his role in the remake. At a reunion panel at the Mad Monster Party horror and sci-fi convention, the cast and crew from the original film confirmed that both a remake and a spin-off are in development. Writer Don Mancini and producer David Kirschner worked on a sequel then titled "Revenge of Chucky".


title: Curse of Chucky

text: A sequel entered the production in 2012, entitled "Curse of Chucky", and was intended for a direct-to-video release.


title: Curse of Chucky

text: The film began production in early September 2012 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, which ended in mid-October. The film's release was set for around Halloween 2013.


title: Curse of Chucky

text: In May 2013, Fiona Dourif released the first image of Chucky in the film through her Instagram. The image is from the film's soundtrack cover, and shows Chucky looking more like the doll from the first three films than the previous two. The official trailer was released on July 8, followed by Red band on August 1.


title: Curse of Chucky

text: "Curse of Chucky" had its world premiere on August 2, 2013, at the Fantasia Festival, in Montreal, and its European premiere at the London FrightFest Film Festival on August 22, accompanied by screenings of the original trilogy of "Child's Play" films. The DVD/Blu-ray was released on October 8, 2013, and domestically grossed $3,821,602 in the first month.


title: Curse of Chucky

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, 76% of 21 critics have given the film a positive review, with an average rating of 6.2/10. The site's critics consensus states: "The franchise hex of disappointing sequels is broken by going back to basics in this chilling entry, restoring a sense of playfulness to the Chucky saga." According to Metacritic, the film received "mixed or average reviews" based on an average score of 58 out of 100 from 5 critics.


title: Curse of Chucky

text: An early review posted on "Bloody Disgusting" on August 2, 2013, was very favorable of the film. In it, Brad Miska stated, ""Curse of Chucky" may just be the best home video sequel since "". It's alarmingly good, which puts pressure on Universal to answer as to why they didn't let Mancini shoot this for theaters." He continued to say, "Chucky fans should rejoice... "Curse of Chucky" is clearly going to re-ignite the franchise for years to come." Ryan Larson of Shock Till You Drop also wrote a mostly positive review, saying, "the movie does so much right that it's easy to overlook the very few flaws it has. The pacing and writing coincide to create a fun blood-soaked jaunt that never gets boring or dull." He goes on to praise the director, pointing out that "Mancini (pulling double duty as writer as well as director) does a great job at introducing and ushering off characters in a fashion that doesn't bog the film down with a bunch of characters who get three minutes of film time before getting the axe, or butcher knife in this case. The kills are kitschy, but in the best way possible, waxing nostalgic of the slasher films of the late eighties and early nineties."


title: Curse of Chucky

text: In Brazil, Chucky inspired two episodes of the "Hidden Camera" (Câmeras Escondidas) show broadcast by the local SBT channel.


title: Curse of Chucky

text: At the film's world premiere at the Montreal Fantasia Festival, it received a Gold Award for Best International Feature.


title: Curse of Chucky

text: "Curse of Chucky" received its own scarezone at the 2013 lineup of Universal Studios Hollywood's "Halloween Horror Nights".


title: Curse of Chucky

text: Chucky had previously been featured at "Halloween Horror Nights". In 2009, the franchise received its own maze, entitled "Chucky's Fun House", in Hollywood, a seasonal re-themeing of Universal Studios Hollywood's year-round attraction Universal's House of Horrors, and "Chucky: Friends Till the End" at Universal Studios Florida, themed around the Good Guys factory, with scenes featuring Chucky and other childhood toys gone bad. Since 1992, Chucky has starred in his own shows Hollywood, "Chucky's In-Your-Face Insults" and "Chucky's Insult Emporium". In 2010, Chucky was featured in the "20 Years of Fear" scarezone in Florida.


title: Curse of Chucky

text: The film was followed by "Cult of Chucky" in 2017, a remake of the first film and the TV series Chucky in 2021.


title: Hunza Valley

text: The Hunza Valley (, Wakhi: ""; ) is a mountainous valley in the northern part of the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan, formed by the Hunza River, bordering Ishkoman to the northwest, Shigar to the southeast, Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor to the north, and the Xinjiang region of China to the northeast.


title: Hunza Valley

text: The Hunza Valley is a mountainous valley in the northern part of the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan, formed by the Hunza River, bordering Ishkoman to the northwest, Shigar to the southeast, Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor to the north and the Xinjiang region of China to the northeast. The Hunza Valley floor is at an elevation of 2,438 meters (7,999 feet). Geographically, the Hunza Valley consists of three regions: Upper Hunza (Gojal), Central Hunza, and Lower Hunza (Shinaki).


title: Hunza Valley

text: Buddhism, and to a lesser extent, Bön, were the main religions in the area. The region has several surviving Buddhist archaeological sites, such as the Sacred Rock of Hunza. Nearby are former sites of Buddhist shelters. Hunza valley was central as a trading route from Central Asia to the subcontinent. It also provided protection to Buddhist missionaries and monks visiting the subcontinent, and the region played a significant role in the transmission of Buddhism throughout Asia.


title: Hunza Valley

text: The region was a Buddhist majority till the 15th century, before the arrival of Islam in this region. Since then, most of the population has converted to Islam. Thus, the presence of Buddhism in this region has now been limited to archeological sites, as the remaining Buddhists of this region moved east to Leh, where Buddhism is the majority religion. The region has many works of graffiti in the ancient Brahmi script written on rocks, produced by Buddhist monks as a form of worship and culture. With most locals converting to Islam, they had been mainly left ignored, destroyed, or forgotten, but are now being restored.


title: Hunza Valley

text: "Hunza was formerly a princely state bordering Xinjiang (autonomous region of China) to the northeast and Pamir to the northwest, which survived until 1974, when it was finally dissolved by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. The state bordered the Gilgit Agency to the south and the former princely state of Nagar to the east. The state capital was the town of Baltit (also known as Karimabad); another old settlement is Ganish Village which means 'Baba Ganesh village' (a Buddhist name). Hunza was an independent principality for more than 900 years and then in the early 1800s, Hunza played a vital role in the British "Great Game". In 1891 Hunza was captured by the British Empire, and the ruler of Hunza, Mir Safdar Ali Khan, fled to Kashgar, China, and the British army installed his brother Mir Nazim Khan (1892-1938) as a puppet ruler of Hunza Valley, but all orders were passed by British officers who were appointed in the capital Gilgit."


title: Hunza Valley

text: On 4 January 2010, a landslide blocked the river and created Attabad Lake (also called Shishket Lake), resulting in 20 deaths and 8 injuries and effectively blocked about of the Karakoram Highway. The new lake extends and rose to a depth of when it was formed as the Hunza River backed up. The landslide completely covered sections of the Karakoram Highway.


title: Hunza Valley

text: Hunza is one of the most exotic places in Pakistan.[1] Several high peaks rise above 7,000 m in the surroundings of Hunza Valley. The valley provides views of several mountains, including:


title: Hunza Valley

text: Rakaposhi 7,788 m (25,551 ft), Ultar Sar 7,388 m (24,239 ft), Bojahagur Duanasir II 7,329 m (24,045 ft), Diran peak (7,266), Spantik (7027m), Ghenta Peak 7,090 m (15,631 ft), Hunza Peak 6,270 m (20,571 ft), Darmyani Peak 6,090 m (19,980 ft), and Bublimating (Ladyfinger Peak) 6,000 m (19,685 ft).


title: Hunza Valley

text: Many 7,000 m mountains are present in Hunza like Distaghil Sar, Batura, Batura II, Batura III, Muchu Chhish, Kunyang Chhish, shispare, Passu Sar, Kanjut Sar, Yukshin Gardan Sar, Pumari Chhish, Momhil Sar and many more.


title: Hunza Valley

text: The fairy-tale-like castle of Baltit, above Karimabad, is a Hunza landmark built about 800 years ago. Stilted on massive legs, its wooden bay windows look out over the valley. Originally, it was used as the residence of the Mirs (the title of the former rulers) of Hunza. [2]


title: Hunza Valley

text: Hunza Valley is also hosting the ancient watchtowers in Ganish, Baltit Fort, and Altit Fort. Watchtowers are located in the heart of Ganish Village. Baltit Fort stands on top of Karimabad, whereas Altit Fort lies at the bottom of the valley. In the 8th century AD, a huge Buddha figure surrounded by small Buddhisatvas was discovered carved on a rock. Pre-historic men and animal figures are carved on rocks along the valley. Some lakes like Attabad Lake, Borith Lake, Shimshal Lakes, Hassanabad Lake are located in Hunza.


title: Hunza Valley

text: Khunjerab Pass is a 4,693-meter-high mountain pass in the Karakoram Mountains. It is in a strategic position on the northern border of Pakistan and on the southwest border of China and is also located in Hunza.


title: Hunza Valley

text: Eco-friendly hiking treks like Ondra Poygah Gulmit and Leopard Trek Shiskhat are also known for their views.


title: Hunza Valley

text: The valley is popularly believed to be the inspiration for the mythical valley of Shangri-La in James Hilton's 1933 novel, "Lost Horizon".


title: Hunza Valley

text: One can witness the 57 km long Batura Glacier, the fifth-longest glacier in the world outside the polar region, surrounded by Shispare, Batura, and Kumpirdior peaks. Upon reaching Sost, one can continue the journey up to Khunzhrav or turn west to the Chipursan (also Chapursan) Valley. In Yarzerech (also Yarzirich), one can look at the Kundahill peak (6,000 m), or trek along the Rishepzhurav to the Kundahill. Beyond Yarzerech, one can travel further to Lupghar, Raminj, Reshit, Yishkuk up to Bobo Ghundi (Oston), the shrine of Baba-e-Ghund, a saint from Afghanistan near the border between Pakistan and the Wakhan region of Afghanistan.


title: Hunza Valley

text: On 1 July 2018, Pakistan Army pilots, in a daring mission, rescued 3 foreign mountaineers stuck in snow avalanche at above the height of on Ultar Sar Peak near Hunza. The perilous weather conditions had made it difficult for the Army helicopter to go forth with a rescue operation on the high Ultar Sar. Nonetheless, they completed it. Bruce Normand and Timothy Miller from the UK were successfully rescued alive while their companion Christian Huber from Austria had succumbed to avalanche. Britain's High Commissioner Thomas Drew in Pakistan termed the mission "remarkable and dangerous".


title: Hunza Valley

text: The local languages spoken include Burushaski, Wakhi and Shina. The literacy rate of the Hunza valley is more than 95%. The historical area of Hunza and present northern Pakistan has had, over the centuries, mass migrations, conflicts and resettling of tribes and ethnicities, of which the Shina people are the most prominent in regional history. People of the region have recounted their historical traditions down the generations. The Hunza Valley is also home to some Wakhi, who migrated there from northeastern Afghanistan beginning in the nineteenth century onwards.


title: Hunza Valley

text: The longevity of Hunza people has been noted by some, but others refute this as a longevity myth promoted by the lack of birth records. There is no evidence that Hunza life expectancy is significantly above the average of poor, isolated regions of Pakistan. Claims of health and long life were almost always based solely on the statements by the local "mir" (king). An author who had significant and sustained contact with Burusho people, John Clark, reported that they were overall unhealthy.


title: Hunza Valley

text: However, whether or not their putative longevity is true, it is undoubtable that the Hunza people lead a healthy lifestyle. Many researchers have lived with the Hunza people to answer this mystery including Robert McCarrison who did not discover a single person with diseases such as cancer, stomach ulcers or appendicitis. Furthermore, Henri Coanda spent six decades studying the glacial water in Hunza and discovered possible explanations for the longevity of the Hunza people.


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark is a musical with music and lyrics by Bono and the Edge and a book by Julie Taymor, Glen Berger, and Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa. Based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man, the story incorporates elements of the 2002 film "Spider-Man", the 2004 film "Spider-Man 2" and the Greek myth of Arachne. It tells Spider-Man's origin story, his romance with Mary Jane Watson, and his battles with the Green Goblin. It includes highly technical stunts, such as aerial combat scenes and actors swinging from "webs".


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: The Broadway production was notorious for its many troubles. Several actors were injured performing stunts and the opening night was repeatedly delayed, causing some critics to review the "unfinished" production in protest. Following negative reviews, "Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark" suspended performances for a month to retool the show. Aguirre-Sacasa, a longtime "Spider-Man" comics writer, was brought in to revise the story and book. The director, Julie Taymor, whose vision had driven the concept of the musical, was replaced by the creative consultant Philip William McKinley. By the time "Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark" officially opened on June 14, 2011, it had set the record for the longest preview period in Broadway history, with 182 performances.


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: Critical reception of the opening was better than for the previews, but mixed, with praise for the visual effects but little enthusiasm for the book and score. "Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark" is the most expensive Broadway production in history, with a budget of $75 million. In the week ending January 1, 2012, it held the box office record for Broadway sales in one week, taking in $2.941 million over nine performances, until it was beaten by "Wicked" at the end of the year, with $2.947 million. The production closed on January 4, 2014, at a massive financial loss.


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: Although often described as a rock musical, the production "treads new ground" that some commentators have asserted "have effectively distanced it from its peers—and caused some confusion when it comes time to describe the show." The Edge said he was unsure how to describe the production, saying it had elements of rock and roll, circus, opera and musical theater. Bono, admitting that his description is a little "pretentious", referred to it as "pop-up, pop-art opera", and said that the director, Julie Taymor, called it a "rock-and-roll circus drama". He said it dealt with "the same stuff" as Rilke, Blake, "Wings of Desire", Roy Lichtenstein and the Ramones. A "60 Minutes" CBS called it a "comic book rock opera circus," although in that segment Bono noted that even using "rock" to describe the music is too narrow a description, because "We've moved out of the rock and roll idiom in places into some very new territory for us ... [including] big show tunes and dance songs."


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: The production was described early on as "the most technically complex show ever on Broadway, with 27 aerial sequences of characters flying" and engaging in aerial combat. The production also includes a "multitude of moving set pieces that put the audience in the middle of the action," and enough projections onto giant screens that Bono has said that it is like a three-dimensional graphic novel. The original story treated the origins of Spider-Man similarly to the story in the 2002 film, but wove in an involved story about a villain based on the mythological Arachne. A "geek chorus" of four teenagers narrated the story. In the rewritten version, the plot hews closer to the comic book and film and trims and transforms the role of Arachne into a "kindred spirit in Spider-Man's dreams".


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: "Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark" had no out-of-town tryouts because of the technical requirements of the production, which were designed for the Foxwoods Theatre on Broadway. The musical began previews at that theatre on November 28, 2010. After many delays, the official opening gala night took place on June 14, 2011.


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: The creative team originally included the director Taymor and the choreographer Daniel Ezralow, with scenic design by George Tsypin, costume design by Eiko Ishioka and lighting design by Donald Holder. An "expanded creative team", announced on March 9, 2011, includes Philip William McKinley, joining the production as "consultant" (when Taymor left the production). It also includes the addition of Chase Brock for additional choreography and Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa for additional writing. Taymor retained her original credits in "Spider-Man".


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: The opening night cast featured Reeve Carney as Peter Parker/Spider-Man, Jennifer Damiano as Mary Jane Watson, Patrick Page as Norman Osborn/Green Goblin, T. V. Carpio as Arachne, Michael Mulheren as J. Jonah Jameson, Ken Marks as Uncle Ben, Isabel Keating as Aunt May, Jeb Brown as Mary Jane's Father, Matt Caplan as school bully Flash Thompson, and Laura Beth Wells as Osborn's wife Emily. Due to the physical demands of the role, Carney performed in six of the eight performances each week. The original alternate was British actor Matthew James Thomas, who left the show in November 2012 to star in "Pippin".


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: On November 19, 2013, producers announced that the show would close on January 4, 2014, citing falling ticket sales and no longer being able to get injury insurance for the production as reasons for closure. Having run on Broadway for over three years, the production failed to make back its $75 million cost, the largest in Broadway history, with investors reportedly losing $60 million.


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: When announcing the show's closure on Broadway, it was announced the show would transfer to Las Vegas. The show's producer Michael Cohl said of the transfer, "We'll work on improving everything, It could be anything. It's a blank piece of paper."


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: In 2012, the musical's producers confirmed that they were scouting theatres in Europe, after "The New York Post" reported that they were considering productions in arenas in London and Hamburg.


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: On July 25, 2014, Cohl announced that the musical would set out on an arena tour in place of the previous announced production in Las Vegas and would launch in late 2015 or winter of 2016, but no such tour has since happened. Despite the show planned for the Vegas tour, Michael Cohl was quoted as saying: "Regarding the future of the "Spider-Man" musical property, Las Vegas was never a done deal; it's simply a market that we were exploring — among other possibilities — and still are."


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: At Midtown High School in Queens, New York, local teenager Peter Parker gives a book report about Arachne, Goddess of the Weavers ("The Myth of Arachne"). As Peter gives his report, Arachne descends to the stage and tells the audience her story ("Behold and Wonder"). After class ends, Peter's enemy Flash Thompson and his friends gleefully torment the straight A student ("Bullying by Numbers"). Peter has a crush on his childhood friend Mary Jane Watson, but they both have unhappy lives ("No More"). Peter has lived with Uncle Ben and Aunt May ever since his parents Richard and Mary Parker died in a plane crash when he was a child.


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: A few days later, Peter and his classmates go on a field trip to the genetics laboratory of scientist Norman Osborn and his wife Emily, who explain what they hope to accomplish with their genetic research ("D.I.Y. World"). While Peter takes pictures of the lab for the school newspaper, the Osborns lock down the lab as a dangerous genetically altered spider has escaped. While the students and scientists panic, the spider lowers itself onto Peter's shoulder and bites him ("Venom").


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: Peter soon becomes aware that, as a result of the spider's bite, he has spider-like powers along with a muscular physique, 20/20 vision and the ability to emit web strings from his wrists. He uses his powers at school to defeat Flash and his friends in a fistfight ("Bouncing Off the Walls"). After seeing Flash give Mary Jane a ride, Peter decides to buy a car to impress her. He enters a wrestling tournament and wins the grand prize of $1,000. Peter returns home only to learn that Uncle Ben has been shot by a thief. Arachne, who has been watching over Peter, encourages him to use his gift to defend the innocent from evil ("Rise Above"). Peter vows to avenge Uncle Ben's death by using his powers to save the world and notes that "with great power comes great responsibility".


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: Peter makes a costume and takes on the persona of "Spider-Man" ("NY Debut"). The "Daily Bugle" begins to publish articles about Spider-Man while Peter is hired by editor-in-chief J. Jonah Jameson as a freelance photojournalist. Meanwhile, Norman Osborn begins thinking that Spider-Man stole his research as the military organization Viper Worldwide presses him to accelerate his project ("Pull the Trigger"). Norman contemplates the dilemma with Emily while Peter shares his first romantic moment with Mary Jane ("Picture This"). Norman decides to experiment on himself, causing an electrical surge that results in Emily's accidental death. Norman goes insane and mutates into the "Green Goblin".


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: The Green Goblin comes up with a plan to genetically alter other humans as he did himself ("A Freak Like Me Needs Company"). Through his experiments on his former employees, he creates six villains: Carnage, Electro, Kraven the Hunter, Lizard, Swarm, and Swiss Miss. That night, Mary Jane tells Peter that her love for him has grown and he admits that the feeling is mutual ("If the World Should End"). The Goblin and his new alliance of criminals go on a rampage through New York ("Sinistereo"). Spider-Man quickly defeats the Sinister Six as the citizens of New York cheer him on ("Spider-Man!"), unaware that the Goblin has managed to escape. The Goblin arrives at the headquarters of the "Daily Bugle" and tells Jameson to print his plans of dominating the world through genetic mutation. The Goblin also tells Jameson that he gave Spider-Man life, making Jameson believe Spider-Man is in league with the Goblin. That night, Arachne comes to Peter in a vision and explains that she is his guardian, along with the reminder that being a hero is his inescapable destiny ("Turn Off the Dark").


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: Peter wants to spend more time with Mary Jane after missing the opening night of her play and considers taking time off from fighting crime. Upset over Peter's constant excuses, Mary Jane suggests they take a break from their relationship ("I Just Can't Walk Away (Say It Now)"). Peter gives his costume to J. Jonah Jameson, telling him that Spider-Man has quit. He takes Mary Jane to a night club and impulsively proposes to her. While there, the Green Goblin intercepts the city's TV signals and sends a message to Spider-Man threatening his loved ones. Peter takes Mary Jane to his apartment and breaks off their relationship for good so that his enemies won't target her. After telling Mary Jane that he will always love her, Peter takes a walk and realizes that he needs to be a hero not only for Mary Jane but for the world ("The Boy Falls From the Sky"). Spider-Man recovers his costume from the "Daily Bugle" and goes after the Green Goblin.


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: The Green Goblin sits at a piano at the top of the Chrysler Building and boasts to the audience of his plan to destroy New York City ("I'll Take Manhattan"). Spider-Man arrives and engages the Goblin in combat, but before he can finish him, the Goblin reveals that he has Mary Jane, who now dangles from the Chrysler Building. As they battle, Spider-Man webs the Green Goblin to his piano. The Green Goblin, not realizing this, thrusts the piano over the side of the Chrysler Building, taking him down to his death. After Spider-Man saves Mary Jane, she tells him not to leave and reveals that she has guessed who he is. Peter removes his mask and they embrace. The two contemplate their new life together before sirens begin wailing and Spider-Man swings away ("Finale: A New Dawn").


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: According to the "New York Post", Bono began composing "Spider-Man" after Andrew Lloyd Webber joked, "I'd like to thank rock musicians for leaving me alone for 25 years – I've had the theater all to myself"; Bono and Taymor "decided to give Andrew a little competition".


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: In August 2002, Marvel announced that Tony Adams would produce a stage musical based on the Spider-Man comics. Adams approached Bono and the Edge to be involved with the project; in turn, they enlisted Taymor to direct. In October 2005, Adams suffered a stroke while the creative team was assembled to sign contracts; he died two days later. Patrick Healy in "The New York Times" described their situation:


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: Readings of the musical were held beginning in 2007, but the production was delayed several times. By early 2009, the Broadway production ran $25 million into debt, the "New York Post" reported, and work on it was suspended. The budget for the project was reported in March 2009 to be a record-setting $52 million. On August 31, 2009, The Walt Disney Company announced plans to buy Marvel Comics. Despite the previous Broadway success of their Disney Theatrical Productions subsidiary, Disney made no move to assume control of "Spider-Man", or help the production financially. In late 2009, Bono asked Michael Cohl to step in as producer, and by May 2010 Cohl had raised the money to proceed with the project, much of it from Jeremiah J. Harris, former Chairman of Live Nation, who is also listed as a producer. Meanwhile, the musical was eventually scheduled to open at the Foxwoods Theatre on February 18, 2010, but the production was delayed again until fundraising could be completed.


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: By November 2010, the production was estimated to cost $65 million. Previews began on November 28, 2010. The show's unusually high running costs were reported to be about $1 million per week. A new opening night of December 21, 2010 was scheduled, but this was delayed until January 2011, reportedly due to "a tremendous amount of creative commotion behind the scenes" as more time for rehearsals was needed. In December 2010, the official opening was again pushed back, to February 2011, "to provide more time for the creators to stage a new final number, make further rewrites to the dialogue and consider adding and cutting scenes and perhaps inserting new music. ... Ms. Taymor and the producers have concluded that Act II has storytelling problems that need to be fixed." A "final postponement" was made once again, pushing the opening to March 15, 2011, in order to "allow Taymor to fine-tune the production and instate a new ending".


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: "The New York Times" reported that the show's opening would be delayed for the sixth time, until summer 2011. This latest delay included a shutdown of previews. The shutdown lasted from April 19 to May 11, 2011, in order for the new creative team to implement changes; preview performances resumed May 12. In March, Cohl and Harris said they shut down previews because they felt "the story needed some work, the songs needed some work, and the sound needed some work", and that they "were going to concentrate on those three areas over the next three and a half weeks." They also announced that injured Spider-Man stunt performer Christopher Tierney would be rejoining the show. By April 2011 the capitalization was reported to have grown to $70 million, and as of the opening, it was reported as $75 million, compared to the typical $5 to $15 million for a Broadway musical. It included $9.7 million for sets and costumes, $4.4 million to rent the Foxwoods Theatre for two years before performances began, and $2.2 million for flying equipment. The weekly production budget was $1.3 million.


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: Evan Rachel Wood and Alan Cumming were cast as Mary Jane Watson and the Green Goblin, respectively, in June 2009, but Wood left in March 2010 and Cumming the following month when the show was delayed. The new original cast was announced on August 16, 2010. During early previews Mat Devine, Gideon Glick, Jonathan Schwartz and T. V. Carpio (and later Alice Lee) played a group of characters known as the "Geek Chorus". After revisions, the characters were cut from the show.


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: In February 2011, playwright Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa was asked by the producers "to help rewrite the script". He had written several stories for Spider-Man comic books and had revised the book for a production of "It's a Bird...It's a Plane...It's Superman". On February 21, 2011, Paul Bogaev (a 2004 nominee for a Tony Award for Best Orchestrations) was hired "as a consultant to help improve the performance, vocal and orchestration arrangements, and sound quality of the songs and numbers."


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: In early March 2011, "Playbill" and "The New York Times" reported that the producers had considered whether to "work with an expanded creative team" or have Taymor leave the production. Soon thereafter, Taymor left the production. Philip William McKinley joined the show as "consultant", and Chase Brock joined as an additional choreographer.


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: Six people were injured while working on "Spider-Man". After two stunt doubles were injured during various flying sequences in rehearsals, safety inspectors from the New York State Department of Labor reviewed these scenes in the show and, in February 2011, cited the show for two workplace safety violations. The United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration fined the show $12,600 in March 2011 for three serious safety violations. The Actors' Equity Association also looked into the incidents. One of the injuries occurred when Spider-Man stunt double Kevin Aubin broke both wrists. Another actor "had broken [his] feet on the same move a month earlier."


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: Natalie Mendoza, who was originally cast as Arachne, suffered a concussion during the first preview performance on November 28, 2010, when she was struck in the head by equipment in the wings. She did not report the accident to producers until November 30. She appeared in the second performance against her doctor's advice; the role involves several flying sequences, including one in which she is spun upside-down. Mendoza later felt ill, and America Olivo, her understudy, played the role during her nearly two-week absence. Mendoza returned to the show for the December 15 evening performance. Following the preview of December 20, 2010, when Spider-Man stunt performer Christopher Tierney was injured and hospitalized, Mendoza suspended her performance, Olivo again filling in for her. On December 30, she announced her permanent withdrawal from the show. She was replaced by T. V. Carpio, with Olivo remaining as understudy. When Carpio was injured in March 2011 and withdrew from the show for two weeks, Olivo performed the role again.


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: In that December 20 preview, Tierney fell off a piece of scenery when his harness was not connected to the safety cord, leaving him to freefall through the stage and into the orchestra pit. Tierney was hospitalized at Bellevue Hospital Center; he was released for rehabilitation on December 28. The December 20 performance was ended prematurely. After rehearsals for stricter safety procedures involving the harnesses, the show resumed with the evening performance on December 23. Tierney was released from New York University's Rusk Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine on January 5, 2011. He returned to the show for rehearsals on April 25, 2011 and performed in the show on opening night. Carpio was injured during a March 16 performance, reportedly hurting her neck, and left the show for two weeks.


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: On August 15, 2013, actor Daniel Curry (who was playing a villain, and was also a Spider-Man stunt double) was hurt by apparently being pinned under a piece of equipment and suffered leg trauma.


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: On September 10, 2010, Carney and his band performed "Boy Falls from the Sky" on "Good Morning America". Carney, Bono, and the Edge all performed on the May 25, 2011, final episode of "American Idol" Season 10 at the Nokia Theatre in Los Angeles, singing "Rise Above." Carney and Damiano performed "If The World Should End" on the 65th Tony Awards telecast in June 2011.


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: The show has twice appeared on "Late Show with David Letterman". On March 2, 2011, the cast performed "Rise Above", as featured in Julie Taymor's version. On July 18, 2011, the cast, led by Patrick Page, performed "A Freak Like Me Needs Company".


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: A short performance of this show was featured in the 2011 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, with Spider-Man battling villains, while the ensemble performed a medley of "Bouncing Off the Walls", "A Freak Like Me Needs Company", and "Spider-Man!".


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: Syfy was "Turn Off the Dark"'s lead media partner, offering tickets to the show as prizes and airing commercials for the production. CBS' "60 Minutes" aired a feature on the production on November 28, 2010, the production's first preview performance, in which Lesley Stahl chronicled the creation of the musical.


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: The show's first performance, on November 28, 2010, "garnered what was most likely the most press coverage of a first preview in history." By January 18, 2011, a reviewer reported that there were no delays during the preview he saw. He praised the stunts and ballads "that evoke the yearning grandeur of U2 – though their more upbeat material tended to be nondescript" but felt that the "plot of the second act twisted into tangled knots." Radio and TV talk show host Glenn Beck championed the production after attending the preview showings several times.


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: Most of the major theater critics published their reviews of the first version on February 7, 2011; nearly all of them were strongly negative in tone. Although reviews during the preview period are unusual, the critics decided that the ever-expanding preview period was so long, and ticket prices were so high, that they should not wait for the official opening. An analysis in "The New York Review of Books" by classics scholar Daniel Mendelsohn followed up the complaints of other critics that Taymor's attempt to graft the classical myth of Arachne onto the comic book story turned the show into "a grotesque hybrid" and overloaded the plot with two unrelated main villains in Arachne and Green Goblin. Mendelsohn saw


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: In a scathing review of the first version, "The New York Times" critic Ben Brantley had said that "Spider-Man" may "rank among the worst" Broadway musicals. In his review of the revised version, Brantley wrote, "So is this ascent from jaw-dropping badness to mere mediocrity a step upward? Well, until last weekend ... I would have recommended "Spider-Man" only to carrion-feasting theater vultures. Now, if I knew a less-than-precocious child of 10 or so, and had several hundred dollars to throw away, I would consider taking him or her to the new and improved "Spider-Man"."


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: In the show's first incarnation, the average rating from critics was "F+", while the revision garnered an average score of "C+". In a roundup of the reviews, Linda Buchwald commented, "critics actually miss some of Julie Taymor's ambition, crazy as they may have thought it at the time. Critics agree that the show is improved in that it makes much more sense, however, now they mostly find it a bore. Bono and the Edge's score is almost universally panned while Patrick Page's Green Goblin and stunning visuals remain for most critics the best reasons to see the show."


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: Theatre review aggregator "Curtain Critic" gave the production a score of 50 out of 100 based on the opinions of 20 critics.


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: Despite poor reviews and bad publicity, "Spider-Man" was at times successful at the box office. Ticket sales the day after the first preview on November 28, 2010, were more than one million dollars. During the first full week of 2011, "Spider-Man" had the highest box-office gross on Broadway, with a total of $1,588,514.


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: "The New York Times"' Patrick Healy stated in February 2011 that "Spider-Man" had become "a national object of pop culture fascination—more so, perhaps, than any show in Broadway history" due to media coverage and late-night comedians' monologues on the musical's many delays, injuries, and creative issues. He speculated that the musical would not have staying power through repeat viewings like other hit musicals, after "tourists and parents with children" watched it for "bragging rights at dinner parties or on the playground". The "New York Post" columnist Michael Riedel opined that month that the musical would be short-lived: "Depending on how much more money its backers are willing to lose, my hunch is that 'Spider-Man' will stagger through the spring, pick up with the tourist traffic in the summer and then collapse in the fall. It should be gone by September [2011]."


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: "Spider-Man" survived beyond September 2011, with ticket sales improving during the summer. About half of its audience came from beyond the New York metropolitan area, including many foreign tourists. In November, its producers stated that the show earned about $100,000 to $300,000 in net income each week, which means that "Spider-Man" would have had to continue playing for at least five years to recoup the $75 million cost. Producers discussed adding new scenes and perhaps a new song each year to persuade fans to attend it again as "a whole new [comic book] issue".


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: The first week of January 2012, the Broadway League reported that the show had taken in $2,941,790 in ticket sales the week before, the highest single-week gross of any show in the history of Broadway. The record was previously held by "Wicked", which took $2.2 million in a week the previous year. Sales declined to $621,960, however, by the last week of September 2013. The show eventually closed at a "monumental financial loss," with John Kenrick noting that ""Spider-Man Turn Off the Dark" sold tickets, but rarely covered its ponderous weekly running cost."


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: "Spider-Man"'s troubled production history, particularly the frequent cast injuries, made the musical a common subject of parody and ridicule in other media. After the first preview performance, Conan O'Brien featured his own "preview" of the show, demonstrating how the show could have been more inexpensively produced, in ways that included using Silly String for web-slinging stunts. On the December 4, 2010 episode of "Saturday Night Live", Andy Samberg played an understudy supposedly going on in place of the injured Spider-Man. The February 12, 2011 episode of "SNL" had a commercial parody for a fictional law firm called "Gublin and Green" specializing in lawsuits related to "Turn Off the Dark", with a lawyer portrayed by Fred Armisen. The cover of the January 17, 2011 "New Yorker" featured a cartoon, by Barry Blitt, showing multiple actors dressed as Spider-Man wearing casts or a head brace or in rehab. "Sesame Street" produced a YouTube skit in which Grover, playing "Spider-Monster," repeatedly slams into the show's sole audience member.


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: Other parodies explored the unusual idea of a superhero-themed musical"." The February 3, 2013 episode of "Robot Chicken" contains a sketch titled "Avengers: Musictacular Tapstravaganza", featuring musical numbers sung by Thor, Black Widow, Hawkeye, Loki, and Iron Man, a dance number by Captain America, and a large animatronic Hulk. The May 23, 2011 episode of "Mad" involved Taymor approaching Clark Kent to cast him in "Smallville: Turn Off the Clark".


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: Like many other Broadway shows, "Spider-Man" was parodied during the Tony Awards ceremony. During the 2010 Tony Awards, host Sean Hayes ran on stage dressed as Spider-Man, struggling comically to sing through the mask. In 2011, host Neil Patrick Harris tried but failed to make as many jokes about "Spider-Man" as he could complete in 30 seconds.


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: In "Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3", Deadpool says that he will "rough [Spider-Man] up like a Broadway musical!" If victorious, he tells Spider-Man, "Maybe it would have helped if you turned off the dark!"


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: In "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt", the character of Titus Andromedon (portrayed by Broadway veteran Tituss Burgess) auditions for a fictitious sequel, entitled "Spider-Man 2: Too Many Spider-Men!".


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: A Broadway concept album, produced by Steve Lillywhite, was released on June 14, 2011. On May 25, 2011, a single version of "Rise Above", titled "Rise Above 1: Reeve Carney Featuring Bono and the Edge", was released digitally.


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: The music video was released on July 28, 2011 and for the "Billboard" chart week of August 13, 2011 the single debuted on the Adult Top 40 chart at position 40, and peaked at position 34. On the Billboard Hot 100, the single peaked at position 74.


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: Jon Dolan for "Rolling Stone" gave the album a three stars rating out of five commenting: "Amid the all many disasters that beset the Broadway version of Spider-Man, Bono and the Edge's songs emerge pretty much unscathed by critics. Now that the show has been revised and restaged, this centerpiece anthem of struggle over adversity may become a metaphor for its slog towards redemption. "Rise Above" is a trademark soaring U2 ballad, with the elegant grandeur cranked up to Andrew Lloyd Webber levels. But show tunes need big voices too, and, singing next to Bono on this version from the forthcoming cast recording album, leading man Reeve Carney sounds like a nervous understudy." Stephen Thomas Erlewine of "Allmusic" gave the album one star, stating that all the problems that plagued the production "obscured one key problem with the musical: the songs written by Bono and the Edge are dreadful." Erlewine summed up his review calling the songs a "murky, turgid mess, too concerned with atmosphere and narrative to reel in a listener and ironically not offering ambience or story enough to suggest that the musical would entertain."


title: Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark

text: The concept album features alternate orchestrations and arrangements not featured in the Broadway productions and omits a number of songs including "The Myth of Arachne", "Behold and Wonder", "Bullying by Numbers", "Venom", "Spider-Man!", "I'll Take Manhattan" and the finale "A New Dawn".


title: James A. Lindsay

text: James Stephen Lindsay (born June 8, 1979), known professionally as James A. Lindsay, is an American mathematician, author, and cultural critic. He is known for submitting deliberate hoaxes to academic publications, and for his involvement in the grievance studies affair with Peter Boghossian and Helen Pluckrose, with the latter of whom he co-authored the nonfiction book "Cynical Theories" (2020).


title: James A. Lindsay

text: James Stephen Lindsay was born in Ogdensburg, New York. He moved to Maryville, Tennessee, at the age of five, later graduating from Maryville High School in 1997. Lindsay attended Tennessee Technological University, where he obtained both his B.S. and M.S. in mathematics; he later earned his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Tennessee in 2010. His doctoral thesis is titled "Combinatorial Unification of Binomial-Like Arrays", and his advisor was Carl G. Wagner. After completing his degree, Lindsay left academia and returned to his hometown, where he worked as a massage therapist.


title: James A. Lindsay

text: Lindsay began using the middle initial "A." as a "thin veneer of pseudonym" to write books about atheism and leftism in the predominantly conservative and Christian South.


title: James A. Lindsay

text: Lindsay, along with Peter Boghossian, is the co-author of "How to Have Impossible Conversations: A Very Practical Guide", a nonfiction book released in 2019 and published by Lifelong Books. In 2020, Lindsay released the nonfiction book "Cynical Theories", co-authored with Helen Pluckrose and published by Pitchstone Publishing. The book became a "Wall Street Journal", "USA Today", and "Publishers Weekly" bestseller upon release. Harvard University psychologist Steven Pinker praised the book for exposing "the surprisingly shallow intellectual roots of the movements that appear to be engulfing our culture". Tim Smith-Laing charged it with "leaping from history to hysteria" in a "Daily Telegraph" review.


title: James A. Lindsay

text: Lindsay is the founder of the website New Discourses, which is owned by Christian nationalist commentator Michael O’Fallon.


title: James A. Lindsay

text: In August 2022, Lindsay was permanently suspended from Twitter. His account was reinstated in November 2022 after Elon Musk's acquisition of Twitter.


title: James A. Lindsay

text: In 2017, Lindsay and Boghossian published a hoax paper titled "The Conceptual Penis as a Social Construct". In writing the paper, Lindsay and Boghossian intended to imitate the style of "poststructuralist discursive gender theory". The paper argued that the penis should be seen "not as an anatomical organ but as a social construct isomorphic to performative toxic masculinity". After the paper was rejected by "Norma," they later submitted it to "Cogent Social Sciences" where it was accepted for publication.


title: James A. Lindsay

text: Beginning in August 2017, Lindsay, Boghossian, and Pluckrose wrote 20 hoax papers, which they submitted to peer-reviewed journals using several pseudonyms as well as the name of Richard Baldwin, a friend of Boghossian and professor emeritus of history at Florida’s Gulf Coast State College. The project ended early after one of the papers, published in the feminist geography journal "Gender, Place and Culture", was questioned by investigative journalist Toni Airaksinen of "Campus Reform" who realized the article wasn't real due to its lack of following academic journal publish standards, which caused widespread interest and was covered by multiple journalists.


title: James A. Lindsay

text: The trio subsequently revealed the full scope of their work in a YouTube video created and released by documentary filmmaker Mike Nayna, which was accompanied by an investigation by "The Wall Street Journal". By the time of this revelation, seven of their twenty papers had been accepted, seven were still under review, and six had been rejected. One paper, accepted by feminist social work journal "Affilia", contained passages copied from Adolf Hitler's "Mein Kampf" with feminist language added, though sociologist has contended that the paper only contained similarities in structure, and did not contain material "historically specific in Hitler's text (racism, references to the First World War, and so on)".


title: James A. Lindsay

text: Academic reviewers had praised the hoax studies of Lindsay, Boghossian, and Pluckrose as "a rich and exciting contribution to the study of ... the intersection between masculinity and anality", "excellent and very timely", and "important dialogue for social workers and feminist scholars".


title: James A. Lindsay

text: Lindsay has supported Democratic Party candidates, including volunteering for Barack Obama, and was part of the New Atheism movement. He said in 2022 that he originally identified with the left, though he stopped considering himself a liberal. Lindsay stated that he does not "really" consider himself a conservative, but added: "I do notice that when I talk about conservatives now, I tend to use the pronoun "we". So maybe on some psychological level, getting down in there, I’ve started to identify, but I don’t know if I mean "we" conservatives or "we" people who are standing up for broadly classically liberal values like the United States was founded upon. Team Reality, if you will. And if that’s conservative, so be it".