title: Home Free (group)

text: All five of Home Free's singers have formal musical training. Lundquist and the Rupp brothers all have bachelor's degrees in music. Adam Rupp's primary instrument is trumpet, but he also plays drums, keyboard, and bass guitar. Since joining, Foust and Brown have also become very active in writing and arranging.


title: Home Free (group)

text: In terms of musical roles, Home Free includes a lead tenor (Lundquist), a high tenor (Brown), a baritone (Chance), a bass (Foust), and a beatboxer (Rupp), who provides percussion sounds. Lundquist and Chance sing traditional tenor and baritone harmony, respectively, and Foust sings bass with the range of a basso profundo. Occasionally, the latter two singers switch roles. All of the singers occasionally sing solos supported by the harmonies of the other singers.


title: Home Free (group)

text: Home Free's styling as a country group is relatively recent. Before Foust joined the group, Home Free was an all-purpose a cappella group, singing in a wide variety of styles, of which country was only a minor one. With the additions of Foust and Brown, the group moved more in the direction of country and found that audiences responded well to it. Home Free had auditioned three times for "The Sing-Off" (without Foust and Brown) and not been accepted. When auditioning for the fourth season, they made a conscious decision to style themselves as a country group. In an interview Brown said this identity is what grabbed the attention of "The Sing-Off"’s casting director, who said, “You guys really fit something we don’t have.”


title: Home Free (group)

text: Home Free has collaborated with many notable artists. In 2015, they were featured on Kenny Rogers' final album "Once Again It's Christmas", performing "Children, Go Where I Send Thee" with Rogers. Also in 2015, the Oak Ridge Boys collaborated with Home Free in a fully a capella version of their song "Elvira".


title: Home Free (group)

text: Don McLean invited them to collaborate on a 50th anniversary recording of his 1971 hit "American Pie". The music video for this performance went on to win three Telly awards in 2021.


title: Home Free (group)

text: Home Free has collaborated on several occasions with fellow a capella artist Peter Hollens on "19 You + Me" in 2014 and the hymn "Amazing Grace" in 2016. In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, Hollens and Home Free collaborated on a cover of the U2 song "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For", incorporating a choir made up of over 200 members of their respective Patreon patrons; each performer or family group recorded their audio and video remotely.


title: Home Free (group)

text: Also in 2020, Home Free collaborated with Lee Greenwood and the Singing Sergeants of the United States Air Force Band in a recording of Greenwood's hit song "God Bless the U.S.A.". The song was released on June 30, 2020, and reached #1 in digital song sales as of July 18, 2020.


title: Home Free (group)

text: Before their success on the Sing-Off, Home Free was touring at fairs and festivals across the US, as well as stints on cruise ships. Since then they have been part of the Sing-Off Tour, and headlined their own Crazy Life Tour (2014), Full of Cheer Tour (2014–15), Spring Tour (2015), Don't It Feel Good Tour (2015–16), A Country Christmas Tour (2016), Timeless World Tour (2017–18), and A Country Christmas Tour (2017). In January 2016 they embarked on their first tour outside North America with stops in Birmingham, UK; St. Andrews, Scotland; and London, UK (a planned stop in Dublin, Ireland was canceled due to weather). In September 2016 they had their first concert in Central Europe at the "2nd European Country Festival" in Pertisau, Austria. In September 2019 they began their Dive Bar Saints World Tour, which was postponed due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In December 2019 they began their Dive Bar Saints Christmas Tour in the US.


title: Home Free (group)

text: On October 8, 2020, the band announced an Indiegogo campaign to fund a virtual holiday concert called "Warmest Winter" to coincide with the release of a new CD of the same name. The campaign met its initial funding goal in nine hours and stretch goals were added for further funding. The pre-filmed concert was streamed from December 2 to 5, 2020, and featured guest appearances by Alabama and The Oak Ridge Boys, among others.


title: Vipul Amrutlal Shah

text: Vipul Amrutlal Shah (commonly known as Vipul Shah) is a film producer and director of Hindi films. He began his career with Gujarati theater. He was part/director of a number of Gujarati dramas, some of which were well received by Gujarati audience. He made his debut with Gujarati film 'Dariya-Chhoru' (means children of ocean) in late 90s, with JD Majethia in main lead. As of 2010, he has directed six Hindi films, four of which have starred Akshay Kumar.


title: Vipul Amrutlal Shah

text: Vipul Amrutlal Shah started his career on small screen with the soap opera "Ek Mahal Ho Sapno Ka", which aired on Sony Entertainment Television. The serial went on to become the longest running family drama with over 1000 episodes.


title: Vipul Amrutlal Shah

text: Shah's directorial debut was Dariya Chhoru (Gujarati). He then made his debut in Hindi films with "Aankhen", which was based on his Gujarati play 'Aandhlo Pato' ("Blind Fold"). It was one of the five biggest hits of 2002. He then impressed the audience and critics in his next film "", which was again based on a Gujarati play 'Aavjo Vhala Phari Malishu' ("Good bye dear, will meet again"). It was also one of the highest-grossing films of 2005. His next two films, "Namastey London" and "Singh Is Kinng" did very well at the box office with the latter breaking all previous opening records in "Bollywood". In 2009, he directed "London Dreams", starring Salman Khan, Ajay Devgan and Asin Thottumkal, which was an average grosser at the box office. His 2010 release, "Action Replay" starring Akshay Kumar and Aishwarya Rai, was not well received.


title: Ben Davies (footballer, born 1993)

text: Benjamin Thomas Davies (born 24 April 1993) is a Welsh professional footballer who plays as a left-back and central defender for club Tottenham Hotspur and the Wales national team.


title: Ben Davies (footballer, born 1993)

text: Davies is an academy graduate of Swansea City, a Welsh club based in Swansea who play in the English football league system, also joining Danish club Viborg FF's academy while his family lived in Denmark. He made his professional debut for Swansea City in the second Premier League game of the 2012–13 season against West Ham United, scoring his first professional goal in a 3–1 Premier League win against Stoke City in January 2013. In the 2013–14 season, Davies was once again a regular for Swansea City.


title: Ben Davies (footballer, born 1993)

text: In July 2014, Davies was signed by Tottenham Hotspur for an undisclosed fee, making his debut for Tottenham in a Europa League game against Cypriot side AEL Limassol. During Mauricio Pochettino's tenure, Davies battled Danny Rose for the starting left-back spot, but Davies was redeployed as a left-sided centre-back in a defensive back three by Antonio Conte.


title: Ben Davies (footballer, born 1993)

text: Davies made three appearances for the Welsh national under-19 football team in his youth. His appearances all came as part of qualification for the 2012 UEFA European Under-19 Championship. Davies made his senior Welsh national team debut against Scotland as part of the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification in 2012. He has since made over 70 senior appearances for Wales, and represented the side at UEFA Euro 2016, reaching the semi-finals, and UEFA Euro 2020. Davies also helped Wales qualify for the FIFA World Cup in 2022 for the first time since 1958.


title: Ben Davies (footballer, born 1993)

text: Davies was born in Neath, West Glamorgan. After spending time in the youth academy at Swansea City, he and his family moved to Viborg, Denmark, after his father accepted a job offer. They spent three years living in Denmark, where he played for Viborg FF's youth team before returning to Swansea. Davies attended Ysgol Gyfun Ystalyfera and he is a fluent Welsh language speaker.


title: Ben Davies (footballer, born 1993)

text: After spending time with the youth ranks, Davies signed a two-year contract with Swansea City, making his first-team debut against West Ham United for the Premier League on 25 August 2012, coming on as an 84th minute substitute for Neil Taylor in a 3–0 home win.


title: Ben Davies (footballer, born 1993)

text: Davies became a regular starter for Swansea in the 2012–13 season, following a long-term injury to Taylor.


title: Ben Davies (footballer, born 1993)

text: On 19 January 2013, Davies scored his first goal for Swansea against Stoke City in a 3–1 victory. In doing so, at 19 years and 270 days, he became Swansea's youngest scorer in the Premier League. In September 2013, he scored his second and third Premier League goals for Swansea, against West Brom and Arsenal respectively.


title: Ben Davies (footballer, born 1993)

text: On 24 December 2013, Davies signed a one-year contract extension, keeping him at Swansea until June 2017.


title: Ben Davies (footballer, born 1993)

text: On 23 July 2014, Davies joined Tottenham Hotspur on a five-year contract for an undisclosed fee. He joined on the same day as his Swansea teammate Michel Vorm, with Gylfi Sigurðsson being exchanged as part of the deal. Davies made his Premier League debut for Tottenham Hotspur as a late substitute in a 0–3 defeat to Liverpool. He made his first start for the club in the league in a 2–1 away win at Hull City on 23 November 2014. He was an unused substitute for the 2015 League Cup Final at Wembley Stadium on 1 March 2015, in which Tottenham were beaten 2–0 by Chelsea.


title: Ben Davies (footballer, born 1993)

text: Davies scored his first goal for the club on 8 January 2017, a header in an FA Cup tie against Aston Villa. He signed a new four-year contract at Tottenham on 9 March 2017, extending his deal to 2021.


title: Ben Davies (footballer, born 1993)

text: Davies scored his second Tottenham goal – and his first for them in the Premier League – against Hull City on the final day of the 2016–17 season; a first-time strike from outside the box into the top left corner added a sixth goal in an eventual 7–1 win for Tottenham.


title: Ben Davies (footballer, born 1993)

text: Davies started for Tottenham in the opening match of the 2017–18 season, and scored a goal in a 2–0 win away to Newcastle United.


title: Ben Davies (footballer, born 1993)

text: Davies scored his first goal of the 2020–21 season, his first in over three years, in the Carabao Cup tie against Stoke City, helping the team win 3–1 to reach the semi-finals.


title: Ben Davies (footballer, born 1993)

text: At the start of the 2021–22 season, Davies started only one Premier League game during Nuno Espírito Santo's brief tenure as head coach. He has been a regular starter since Antonio Conte was hired as head coach in November 2021, where he has been redeployed as a left-sided centre-back as part of a defensive back three, the same role he tends to play for the Wales national team.


title: Ben Davies (footballer, born 1993)

text: Davies scored his first goal of the 2022–23 season in a league match against Bournemouth on 29 October, an equaliser in an eventual 3–2 comeback victory.


title: Ben Davies (footballer, born 1993)

text: In September 2012, Davies was selected for the Wales squad for 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification matches in September 2012. He replaced club teammate Neil Taylor, who had suffered a broken ankle in a Premier League match against Sunderland. Davies made his full international debut in the 2–1 win against Scotland on 12 October 2012. In May 2021 he was selected for the Wales squad for the delayed UEFA Euro 2020 tournament. In November 2022 he was named in the Wales squad for the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar.


title: Ben Davies (footballer, born 1993)

text: In the summer of 2021, Davies was awarded a 2:1 degree in Economics and Business from the Open University, after balancing his studies with his job as a professional footballer over a period of five years.


title: Isometric projection

text: Isometric projection is a method for visually representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions in technical and engineering drawings. It is an axonometric projection in which the three coordinate axes appear equally foreshortened and the angle between any two of them is 120 degrees.


title: Isometric projection

text: The term "isometric" comes from the Greek for "equal measure", reflecting that the scale along each axis of the projection is the same (unlike some other forms of graphical projection).


title: Isometric projection

text: An isometric view of an object can be obtained by choosing the viewing direction such that the angles between the projections of the "x", "y", and "z" axes are all the same, or 120°. For example, with a cube, this is done by first looking straight towards one face. Next, the cube is rotated ±45° about the vertical axis, followed by a rotation of approximately 35.264° (precisely arcsin or arctan , which is related to the Magic angle) about the horizontal axis. Note that with the cube (see image) the perimeter of the resulting 2D drawing is a perfect regular hexagon: all the black lines have equal length and all the cube's faces are the same area. Isometric graph paper can be placed under a normal piece of drawing paper to help achieve the effect without calculation.


title: Isometric projection

text: In a similar way, an "isometric view" can be obtained in a 3D scene. Starting with the camera aligned parallel to the floor and aligned to the coordinate axes, it is first rotated vertically (around the horizontal axis) by about 35.264° as above, then ±45° around the vertical axis.


title: Isometric projection

text: Another way isometric projection can be visualized is by considering a view within a cubical room starting in an upper corner and looking towards the opposite, lower corner. The "x"-axis extends diagonally down and right, the "y"-axis extends diagonally down and left, and the "z"-axis is straight up. Depth is also shown by height on the image. Lines drawn along the axes are at 120° to one another.


title: Isometric projection

text: In all these cases, as with all axonometric and orthographic projections, such a camera would need a object-space telecentric lens, in order that projected lengths not change with distance from the camera.


title: Isometric projection

text: The term "isometric" is often mistakenly used to refer to axonometric projections, generally. There are, however, actually three types of axonometric projections: "isometric", "dimetric" and "oblique".


title: Isometric projection

text: From the two angles needed for an isometric projection, the value of the second may seem counterintuitive and deserves some further explanation. Let’s first imagine a cube with sides of length 2, and its center at the axis origin, which means all its faces intersect the axes at a distance of 1 from the origin. We can calculate the length of the line from its center to the middle of any edge as using Pythagoras' theorem . By rotating the cube by 45° on the "x"-axis, the point (1, 1, 1) will therefore become (1, 0, ) as depicted in the diagram. The second rotation aims to bring the same point on the positive "z"-axis and so needs to perform a rotation of value equal to the arctangent of which is approximately 35.264°.


title: Isometric projection

text: There are eight different orientations to obtain an isometric view, depending into which octant the viewer looks. The isometric transform from a point "a" in 3D space to a point "b" in 2D space looking into the first octant can be written mathematically with rotation matrices as:


title: Isometric projection

text: where "α" = arcsin(tan 30°) ≈ 35.264° and "β" = 45°. As explained above, this is a rotation around the vertical (here "y") axis by "β", followed by a rotation around the horizontal (here "x") axis by "α". This is then followed by an orthographic projection to the "xy"-plane:


title: Isometric projection

text: The other 7 possibilities are obtained by either rotating to the opposite sides or not, and then inverting the view direction or not.


title: Isometric projection

text: First formalized by Professor William Farish (1759–1837), the concept of isometry had existed in a rough empirical form for centuries. From the middle of the 19th century, isometry became an "invaluable tool for engineers, and soon thereafter axonometry and isometry were incorporated in the curriculum of architectural training courses in Europe and the U.S." According to Jan Krikke (2000) however, "axonometry originated in China. Its function in Chinese art was similar to linear perspective in European art. Axonometry, and the pictorial grammar that goes with it, has taken on a new significance with the advent of visual computing".


title: Isometric projection

text: As with all types of parallel projection, objects drawn with isometric projection do not appear larger or smaller as they extend closer to or away from the viewer. While advantageous for architectural drawings where measurements need to be taken directly, the result is a perceived distortion, as unlike perspective projection, it is not how human vision or photography normally work. It also can easily result in situations where depth and altitude are difficult to gauge, as is shown in the illustration to the right or above. This can appear to create paradoxical or impossible shapes, such as the Penrose stairs.


title: Isometric projection

text: Isometric video game graphics are graphics employed in video games and pixel art that utilize a parallel projection, but which angle the viewpoint to reveal facets of the environment that would otherwise not be visible from a top-down perspective or side view, thereby producing a three-dimensional effect. Despite the name, isometric computer graphics are not necessarily truly isometric—i.e., the , , and axes are not necessarily oriented 120° to each other. Instead, a variety of angles are used, with dimetric projection and a 2:1 pixel ratio being the most common. The terms " perspective", " view", "2.5D", and "pseudo 3D" are also sometimes used, although these terms can bear slightly different meanings in other contexts.


title: Isometric projection

text: Once common, isometric projection became less so with the advent of more powerful 3D graphics systems, and as video games began to focus more on action and individual characters. However, video games utilizing isometric projection—especially computer role-playing games—have seen a resurgence in recent years within the indie gaming scene.


title: Key (entertainer)

text: Kim Ki-bum (born September 23, 1991), better known by his stage name Key, is a South Korean rapper, singer, dancer, songwriter, actor, fashion designer and television presenter. Born and raised in Daegu, South Korea, he later travelled to Seoul after a successful audition at the SM National Tour Audition Casting. In May 2008, Key debuted as a member of South Korean boy group Shinee, who later went on to become one of the best-selling artists in South Korea. Key is widely recognised as a singer and rapper, but he has also ventured into different careers, notably as an actor and fashion designer.


title: Key (entertainer)

text: As a singer, he has collaborated with various artists, and formed the duo Toheart with Woohyun of Infinite. He made his debut as a soloist in November 2018 with the release of the digital single "Forever Yours", and his first studio album, "Face", was released later that month. Key has also contributed to songwriting for Shinee's and Toheart's albums. As an actor, he was cast in multiple musicals, such as "Bonnie & Clyde" (2013), "Zorro" (2014), and "Chess" (2015). He has since widened his field as an actor by taking part in several television drama roles, like "Drinking Solo" (2016) and "The Guardians" (2017).


title: Key (entertainer)

text: In 2015, Key progressed to becoming a fashion designer and took part in numerous projects. For instance, he collaborated with Bridge Shop House to design Shinee concert outfits, and worked with model Irene Kim and the brand Charm's to design fashion apparel. Due to the success of his works, Key was later appointed as fashion director of the group. In 2016, he became a model for the American fashion brand Jill Stuart.


title: Key (entertainer)

text: Key was born on September 23, 1991, in Daegu, South Korea, as an only child. At the age of 14, he represented Yeong Shin Middle School in his hometown as a water-skier and competed in water-skiing competitions. In 2006, he joined SM Entertainment after a successful audition at the SM National Tour Audition Casting. One year later, he appeared as a background dancer in the film "Attack on the Pin-Up Boys".


title: Key (entertainer)

text: In 2008, he was chosen as a member of the group Shinee. The group released their first extended play, "Replay" on May 22, peaking at number eight on the charts. They held their first performance on May 25, 2008, on the SBS program "Inkigayo".


title: Key (entertainer)

text: Shortly after debut, Key appeared on television shows such as "Idol Maknae Rebellion" as a guest star alongside his Shinee bandmates. Key was also a cast member of the show "Raising Idol" along with Dongho from U-KISS and Thunder from MBLAQ. In addition, Key participated in labelmate Xiah's solo performance of "Xiahtic" in TVXQ's concert 2009: The 3rd Asia Tour Mirotic in Seoul. In 2010, he featured on the song "Healing" on TRAX's EP "Let You Go", and on Girls' Generation's song "Boys & Girls" for their second studio album, "Oh!". In 2011, Key collaborated with Leeteuk of Super Junior on a song called "Bravo" for the drama "History of a Salaryman". He also took part in Exo's song "Two Moons" on their debut EP "Mama" and BoA's song "One Dream" as the theme song for SBS "K-pop Star" with labelmate Henry of Super Junior-M.


title: Key (entertainer)

text: In 2012, Key was cast as Frank Abagnale Jr. in the Korean production of Broadway musical "Catch Me If You Can", marking his theatrical debut. He rotated the role with Um Ki-joon, Kim Jeong-hoon, Park Gwang-hyun and labelmate Kyuhyun. The musical ran from March 28 to June 10 at the Blue Square, Samsung Card Hall, in Hannam-dong, Seoul. In October, it was announced that Key would participate in the return of the musical. The production started on December 14, 2012, and continued until February 9, 2013, at the Opera House in the Seongnam Arts Center. Key also made a cameo appearance in SBS sitcom "Salamander Guru and The Shadows".


title: Key (entertainer)

text: On July 18, 2013, it was announced that Key was cast as Clyde in the Korean production of "Bonnie & Clyde", alongside the cast Kim Min-jong, Um Ki-joon, Dana of The Grace, and Hyungsik of . The performance ran at the Chungmu Art Hall in Seoul from September 4 until October 27, 2013. Shortly after, he was cast in "The Three Musketeers" as D'Artagnan.


title: Key (entertainer)

text: In 2014, Key formed the duo Toheart with Woohyun from Infinite, a collaboration between SM Entertainment and Woollim Entertainment. According to the members, it was their idea to form a duo since they were close friends, but they weren't thinking of a musical collaboration, instead of photoshoots and similar activities. The duo was well received, winning the Popularity Award at the 29th Golden Disc Awards. Jeff Benjamin from "Billboard" praised their vocals, as well as their choreography and on-screen charisma. In the same year, Key was cast as the lead role in the musical "Zorro", sharing the role with singer Wheesung and Beast's Yoseob. "Zorro" ran from August 27 to October 26 at the Chungmu Art Hall in Seoul. Key also participated in the MBC variety show "We Got Married Global Edition". He was partnered with Alissa Yagi, a Japanese model.


title: Key (entertainer)

text: In January 2015, Key joined the cast of SM Entertainment's hologram musical "School Oz". In March 2015, Key and CNBLUE's Jung-shin were appointed as the main presenters of Mnet's "M Countdown". In the same year, Key collaborated with Axodus, a duo formed by Don Spike and DJ Hanmin. Key provided vocals for the track "Hold On", which they performed together at the Ansan Valley Rock Festival on July 25, 2015. He took further musical roles in "Chess" and "In the Heights", the latter of which was later performed with Japanese subtitles at Kanagawa Arts Theatre in Yokohama in 2016. Key starred in his first play as Byeong-gu in "Save the Green Planet!", based on the 2003 film of the same name. He also had his own web show entitled "Key's Know How" produced by Mnet.


title: Key (entertainer)

text: In September 2016, Key made his official acting debut in the tvN drama "Drinking Solo" which aired from September 5 to October 25. He took the role of a student who had been studying for the civil service exam for three years. Although this was Key's first time acting in a television series, his acting was well received by the production team, stating: "Key is someone who works hard. He prepared a lot beforehand and as an actor, he comprehensively analysed his character role. He is receiving much praise and love from the staff. Despite having no experience in dramas at the time of his audition, his acting gave off a very fresh vibe. Furthermore, his acting and his enunciation were good and so we decided to cast him."


title: Key (entertainer)

text: In April 2017, Key was announced as one of the main characters for the new MBC drama "The Guardians". In the drama, Key plays the role of Gong Kyung-soo, a skater and a hacker whose mother went missing due to a crime and received positive reviews for his acting skills. He subsequently received the Best New Actor Award at the 2017 Grimae Awards.


title: Key (entertainer)

text: Key joined the variety show "DoReMi Market" as a cast member in February 2018. He featured on Years & Years' remix of their single "If You're Over Me", which was released on July 6, 2018. Key sings in both Korean and English over the original melody alongside the British pop trio. The original Korean verses reflect the song's overall meaning, as Key asks a lover to stop pushing-and-pulling and were written by the singer himself.


title: Key (entertainer)

text: On October 11, 2018, SM Entertainment announced that Key would make his solo debut in late November. Shortly after, on October 20, Key performed a special stage at Charm's fashion show during Seoul Fashion Week. He performed a new song called "Chemicals", which was later included in his album. Two weeks later, the single "Forever Yours", featuring Key's close friend and former Sistar member Soyou, was pre-released on November 6 along with a music video. On November 26, his first studio album, titled "Face", was released, alongside a music video for the lead single "One of Those Nights", featuring Crush. Out of the ten songs included in the album, Key wrote the lyrics to four of them himself.


title: Key (entertainer)

text: Following his solo debut, Key released his first Japanese extended play, "Hologram", on December 26, 2018. The EP contains a total of five tracks, including title track "Hologram" and a Japanese version of "One of Those Nights". To celebrate his Japanese debut, Key held two live shows, titled Key Land, in Kobe and Yokohama on December 22 and December 25, respectively. His first solo concert in South Korea, titled The Agit: Key Land, was held in February 2019 in Seoul and consisted of 11 sold-out performances.


title: Key (entertainer)

text: "I Wanna Be", a repackaged version of "Face", was released on March 4, 2019; the album was preceded by the single "Cold", featuring Hanhae, and the title track "I Wanna Be", which featured Soyeon of (G)I-dle. On the same day the album was released, Key enlisted for his mandatory military service as a member of the military band.


title: Key (entertainer)

text: Key went on his final military leave on September 24, 2020, without returning to the army due to military protocols regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, before officially being discharged on October 7. He returned as a regular cast member for "DoReMi Market" on its November 21 episode. In July 2021, he joined "I Live Alone" as a cast member following a guest appearance several months prior.


title: Key (entertainer)

text: On August 30, 2021, Key released the single "Hate That...", featuring Taeyeon, serving as the pre-release for his upcoming album in September. He held an online Beyond Live concert, titled Groks in the Keyland, on September 26. The concert was also broadcast live in theaters. His first Korean extended play, "Bad Love", was released on September 27, with the title track of the same name. On October 9, Key received his first music show win as a solo artist on MBC's "Show! Music Core".


title: Key (entertainer)

text: On August 30, 2022, Key released his second studio album "Gasoline", with the lead single of the same name. He will hold a concert titled G.O.A.T. (Greatest of All Time) in the Keyland at Jangchung Arena in Seoul on October 22–23, and at Pia Arena MM in Yokohama on November 19–20.


title: Key (entertainer)

text: Key was raised by his grandmother from birth; his mother was sick after giving birth and his father was busy with work. On October 10, 2014, Key announced on his Instagram account that his grandmother had died on September 23, 2014. He stated that he wanted to announce it himself because it did not feel right for the news to be announced through his company.


title: Key (entertainer)

text: Key graduated from Myongji University with a degree in Film and Musicals. He attended Woosuk University for his postgraduate degree, majoring in Culture and Education Contents Development. He participated in a project on youth self-concept development started by students in his major. He conducted special seminars at Iksan Namseong Middle School, North Jeolla Province, and Gimje Girls' Middle School in Seoul. His thesis is titled "The Influence of Styling Education on Appearance Satisfaction and Self-Esteem of Korean Adolescents".


title: Key (entertainer)

text: Key is considered one of the best dressed men in his country. His "unique and unconventional" style often mixes patterns and colors. In the media, his fashion has been compared to that of fellow idol G-Dragon; both are known to eschew trends in favor of pursuing their own distinct style. Key has stated that he enjoys trying new things to look different from others and that instead of being constrained by fashion, he cares more about the attitude towards fashion. He views fashion as a form of self-expression and prefers not to distinguish between masculine and feminine styles.


title: Key (entertainer)

text: Key has ventured into the fashion industry. For instance, he collaborated with designer Ko Tae-yong on self-designed sweatshirts depicting his dogs and sold them for charity. In addition, he was appointed one of SM Entertainment's fashion directors and has been designing Shinee's concert outfits since 2015. The costumes for Shinee's 2015 single "View" were based on Key's ideas, adopting a vintage, skater-inspired aesthetic at a time when other groups mostly wore uniforms. In 2016, Key collaborated with Japanese illustrator Bridge Ship House for Shinee's fifth Korean concert tour Shinee World V. His primary goal was to achieve a balance between Shinee's identity as a group and each member's individual identities. Key also became a special editor for the Korean "Elle", sharing his personal lifestyle in a column called "Key Story", which was released bi-weekly by the magazine. He shared tips on colour contact lenses, cameras, applications, and more. In March 2017, Key worked with model Irene Kim to design new products for fashion brand Charm's.


title: Key (entertainer)

text: In January 2016, Key became a model for Jill Stuart Accessory. A representative explained that Key was chosen for the brand because he has promoted professionally in a variety of areas such as music and broadcasting, which showed an artistic aspect that overlaps with the fashion concept of the brand. In 2021, he was selected as a model for health and beauty store Olive Young alongside labelmate Taeyeon, in a campaign targeting younger consumers. In 2022, he was appointed an ambassador for make-up brand Espoir.


title: Key (entertainer)

text: In 2012, Key and his fans from Korea, China, Japan, Taiwan, Singapore, Thailand and seven other countries donated 2.12 tons of rice to World Vision, which was used to feed 17,000 undernourished children and elderly people across 11 cities. In 2014, for Key's birthday, fans raised a total of 2 million won and established a well in Cambodia. The money raised also contributed to medical aid for poor children. In 2015, Key posted on his Instagram account encouraging fans to help citizens in Nepal following an earthquake. In the same year, Key collaborated with designer Ko Tae-yong and sold sweatshirts depicting his dogs. All proceeds (approximately 12.5 million won) were later donated to the Animal Freedom Union. In 2016, Key, along with groupmate Taemin and other artists from SM Entertainment, participated in the "Make a Promise" campaign organised by UNICEF and Louis Vuitton, whereby 40% of the proceeds were donated through UNICEF to children in need.


title: Academic term

text: An academic term (or simply term) is a portion of an academic year, the time during which an educational institution holds classes. The schedules adopted vary widely.


title: Academic term

text: In most countries, the academic year begins in late summer or early autumn and ends during the following spring or summer. In Northern Hemisphere countries, this means that the academic year lasts from August, September, or October to May, June, or July. In Southern Hemisphere countries, the academic year aligns with the calendar year, lasting from February or March to November or December. The summer may or may not be part of the term system.


title: Academic term

text: "Semester", "trimester" and "quarter" are all synonyms for an academic term (the last two being mainly confined to American English), which refer to terms of specific periods as described below:


title: Academic term

text: In most of Australia, the primary and secondary school year lasts about 200 days, from late January or early February to early or mid-December, and is split into four terms:


title: Academic term

text: Terms 4 & 1 (rolled over) and 2 & 3 are respectively usually deemed 'summer' and 'winter' respectively for purposes of sports participation and uniform standards. Australian states and territories vary their approach to Easter when determining the dates for the holiday at the end of Term 1.


title: Academic term

text: The exact dates vary from year to year, as well as between states, and for public and private school. In Tasmania until and including 2012, the school year was split into three terms, the first one being the longest and including an extended Easter holiday (which was also the practice of mainland Australia until the mid-1980s). However, in 2013 Tasmania introduced a four-term year, to conform to the rest of the country. The exact start and finish date of the academic year varies between jurisdictions; in 2023 Queensland will start earliest on 23 January (the only jurisdiction to begin the academic year before Australia Day) and finish earliest on 8 December, while Tasmania will start latest on 8 February and finish latest on 21 December. There is typically a break of two weeks between each term, followed by a 1-2 month summer break after term 4 which ends just before Christmas. This occasionally varies in different jurisdictions/school systems (i.e. some independent schools have a break of three week between terms 1 & 2 and between terms 3 & 4). In the year 2000, due to the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, the state of New South Wales extended the break after Term 3 to three weeks.


title: Academic term

text: Most Australian universities have two semesters a year, but Bond University, Deakin University, CQUniversity, Griffith University, the University of New South Wales and the University of Canberra have three trimesters. Unusually, Macquarie University officially uses the word "session" and CQUniversity uses the word "term" in place of "semester". Many universities offer an optional short summer semester.


title: Academic term

text: The Austrian school year for primary and secondary schools is split into two terms, the first one starts on the first Monday in September in the states of Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland and on the second Monday of September in Upper Austria, Salzburg, Styria, Carinthia, Tyrol and Vorarlberg. Most schools have holidays between the national holiday on October 26 and All Souls Day on November 2, but those are unofficial holidays not observed by all schools in Austria. Christmas holidays start on December 24 and end on the first weekday after January 6. The first term ends in Vienna and Lower Austria on the first Friday of February, in Burgenland, Carinthia, Salzburg, Tyrol and Vorarlberg on the second Friday of February and in Upper Austria and Styria on the third Friday of February.


title: Academic term

text: There is a one-week break between the two terms. In the second term there are the Easter holidays, the Mayday Holiday on May 1 and the long weekends of Pentecost, Ascension and Corpus Christi. The school year ends in Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland on the last Friday of June, in Upper Austria, Styria, Carinthia, Salzburg, Tyrol and Vorarlberg on the first Friday in July.


title: Academic term

text: The Barbadian school year is fashioned after the British system, and as such, it follows a scheduling with three terms per school year.


title: Academic term

text: The long school holiday period is 9 to 10 weeks from the end of June until the first week of September.


title: Academic term

text: In Brazil, due to the Law of Directives and Bases of Brazilian Education, the academic year must have 200 days, both at schools and at universities. The school year usually begins during the first week of February. There is a 2-week/4-week long winter break in July. The Brazilian school year ends the first week of December, summer in Brazil.


title: Academic term

text: In Brazilian universities academic terms are defined as periods or semesters ("período", "semestre"). There are two semesters: February to June and August to December. The majority of academic degrees courses are 8 semesters (four years) long or 10 semesters (five years) long.


title: Academic term

text: In Bangladesh, the kindergarten, elementary and schools follow the semester system. Most of the universities follow the semester system although for some particular subjects such as Law they follow a yearly system. Business schools of all public and private universities follow a semester or trimester system.


title: Academic term

text: Some of the universities using a two-semester system (using "Term 1" and "Term 2" designations) include: Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Khulna University, Jagannath University, Jessore University of Science and Technology, International Islamic University Chittagong and Sylhet Agricultural University.


title: Academic term

text: Some of the universities following a trimester system (using "Spring", "Summer" and "Fall" designations) include: Northern University Bangladesh, American International University - Bangladesh, BRAC University, Daffodil International University, East West University, Fareast International University, North South University, Presidency University, Prime University, Stamford University, Military Institute of Science and Technology, University of Information Technology and Sciences, University of Development Alternative (UODA), Bangladesh University of Business and Technology and United International University.


title: Academic term

text: Universities and colleges in Belgium use the semester system, dividing the academic year in two equal parts of fourteen weeks of courses. Universities start the first semester in the third week of September, and no 'autumn break'. Colleges start one week earlier, in the second week of September, giving them right to the 'autumn break' of one week. After 13 weeks of courses the 'Christmas break' starts (around December 20), which is used to study for the 3–4 weeks of examinations in January.


title: Academic term

text: After these examinations the universities have one week of vacation, the so-called 'semestrial vacation', while the colleges start the classes of the second semester at the end of January, immediately after the examinations, which week they reclaim with the 'spring break' at the end of February, which the universities do not have. The universities start the second semester in the beginning of February.


title: Academic term

text: Both universities and colleges have the 'Easter break', which again is used to study for the examinations in June. After Easter, the classes start again until the end of May, followed by four weeks of examinations in June, after which three months of vacation is given. The students who failed in passing some of the courses in their curriculum in January and June, the so-called 'first session', have to do the examinations again in the second session at the end of August.


title: Academic term

text: In Cambodia the school year kindergarten sectors in public schools consists of 10 months with a two-month vacation, while in primary, and secondary sectors, it is divided into two semesters and each semester is divided into 2 quarters. The first of November is the start of the academic term. After the 1st semester, a small vacation when the school is halted and at the end of the Second Semester, a 2-month vacation until the start of the new year. In universities, it is divided into 4 years.


title: Academic term

text: Education being a provincial responsibility, there is no Canadian national standard. In Canada, the school year for elementary and high school consists of 178 to 200 days, depending on the jurisdiction, but several days may be deducted from this total for professional development and administrative duties, resulting in approximately 187 teaching days per year for most jurisdictions. Elementary students receive approximately 950 hours of instruction and secondary students receive approximately 1000 hours per year.


title: Academic term

text: Generally in English Canada, secondary schools run on a two-semester arrangement, also known as fall and spring semester, the first semester running from the day after Labour Day in September to mid-January and the second running from early February until the Thursday before the last Friday in June. The semesters are often divided into two terms each. Some schools in Canada run on a trimester system, the first running from September to January, the second from January to March or April, and the third from March or April until June. The trimester is more common in elementary and middle schools (Kindergarten – Grade 8) than in high schools (Grade 9 – Grade 12). Most of those characteristics differ in Québec, where education is, with the exception of a few school boards, given in French. By tradition, Quebec and Franco-Ontarian elementary and secondary schools arrange timetables to ensure the school year ends before June 24, date of the St-Jean-Baptiste day celebration, a traditional holiday.


title: Academic term

text: Most universities and colleges usually run from early September until the end of April or early May. Often, this winter session is split into two terms running September to December and January to April. Various forms of summer studies may be offered May to August. Some, such as University of Waterloo and Simon Fraser University, run a full tri-semester system, providing full courses during summer. There are a few school boards in Canada experimenting with year-round schooling.


title: Academic term

text: In elementary school, high school, as well as in universities, Chilean education is divided into two semesters. The first one starts early March and lasts until late June and the second starts in early August and finishes in mid-December; also, some universities offer a summer period from early January to mid-February but just for exceptional courses.


title: Academic term

text: These semesters have breaks for public festivities, such as Easter, independence commemoration (from two days to two weeks in September depending on year and place) and some public holidays like labour day, among others.


title: Academic term

text: In the People's Republic of China, elementary, middle and high schools from the public education have two semesters, the first from September to January, and the second from February or March, depending on the date of Chinese New Year, to July.


title: Academic term

text: Most universities and colleges in China also uses the two-semesters system, while a small portion of Chinese universities, such as Shanghai University, are experimenting with the quarter system.


title: Academic term

text: From January to February or March is the Winter break or Lunar New Year break. Summer break is normally from July to the end of August.


title: Academic term

text: In Northern China, the winter break is longer and the summer break is shorter; the opposite applies in Southern China.


title: Academic term

text: In Costa Rica the school year runs for ten months. It starts in the first week of February and ends in the last week of November. There is a mid-term vacation of approximately 2 weeks in July, and most schools also observe "Easter Week" in March or April.


title: Academic term

text: In the elementary and high schools in the Czech Republic, the school year usually runs from September 1 to June 30 of the following year.


title: Academic term

text: It is divided into two semesters with breaks on public holidays such as St. Vaclav (September 28), Independence day (October 28, two days break), Velvet Revolution (November 17), Christmas (7–10 days break), Spring break (1 week break), Easter (three days break on Maundy Thursday, Good Friday and Easter Monday) and finally Labour day (May 1) and Liberation day (May 8). After the end of school year on June 30, the Summer holidays follow until September 1 when a new school year starts. Sole exception to this is the final year at high schools, which ends with Graduation of students at the end of May.


title: Academic term

text: Universities have two mid-terms. The academic year starts usually in the second half of September or in the beginning of October. (It depends on university.)


title: Academic term

text: Bachelor's degree is normally obtained by students after 3 years and masters after another 2 years of study. Still, there are some exceptions (e.g. medicine takes 6 years, no bachelor's degree).


title: Academic term

text: In schools in Denmark, the school year runs from August to June. In universities, the academic year runs from around September 1 to June 30, and is often divided into an autumn semester (with January set aside for exams) and a spring semester (with June set aside for exams). Since 2004, some Danish universities and faculties divide the academic year into four quarters, each of which may consist of eight weeks and an exam week, and being separated from the next quarter by a one-week break.


title: Academic term

text: In Estonia, elementary and high schools begin on 1 September and end in the beginning of June. The school year is divided into trimesters (or quarters) that last about three months. Summer is usually counted as a term break, although the beginning of June is still part of the third trimester. Universities start on the first Monday of September and usually end in the middle of May or in the beginning of June; though in reality, exam periods may continue until the end of June (e.g. University of Tartu).


title: Academic term

text: In Ethiopia, almost all elementary, secondary, and college classes are conducted on a two-semester timetable. The first semester of the year is from September to late January or mid February. The second semester usually begins some two weeks after the end of the first and ends in late May or mid June.


title: Academic term

text: In the elementary and secondary schools and college, the academic year is divided in semesters. The autumn semester begins in mid-August and is suspended a few days before Christmas. The classes continue after the Epiphany with the spring semester which finishes at the beginning of June.


title: Academic term

text: In primary and secondary schools, the school year begins the first Monday of September, unless September 1 is on Sunday. The school year is divided into three trimesters. The first from September to December, the second from January to March, and the third is from April to June.


title: Academic term

text: Winter Break dates differ of the Academia's location, which could be in Zone A, B, or C, to avoid high traffic on the road. It usually starts in February, ends late February or early March.


title: Academic term

text: Easter Break depends on the location of Academia. It starts in April, and ends late April or early May.


title: Academic term

text: In primary school, end of Academic term is early July. In secondary school (middle school or high school) end of Academic term is before Middle School Exam in late June, or Baccalaureat, in mid-June.


title: Academic term

text: On Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays, pupils have a full day of teaching from around 8:30 a.m. until around 4:30 p.m. On Wednesday mornings, some pupils may have supplementary classes. French pupils used to attend school on Saturdays, but the so-called "four-days week" has been implemented since September 2008, reducing the teaching year from 936 to 864 hours (above the European average of 800 hours, but below the UK minimum of 950 hours for state schools). Additional holidays include Veterans Day on November 11, May 8, Ascension Day, May Day on May 1, and Easter Monday.


title: Academic term

text: The school year in Germany begins between late July and early September, and ends from mid-June to July, with a summer break of similar length to that in the UK (only 6 weeks) but much shorter than in some other countries (with up to 3 months). The summer vacation starts in a different week by state (there are 16 federal states including Berlin, Hamburg and Bremen). The school year includes four or five shorter breaks or holidays:


title: Academic term

text: Due to Germany's federal structure, all breaks may differ depending on the state. The exact dates for the beginning and the end of school breaks are kept different state by state and changed every year. This is meant to keep holiday traffic as low as possible.


title: Academic term

text: The school year is divided into two parts (September to February & February to July). There is not necessarily any break between those two parts, but pupils get a semi-year school report (it only displays their current level and is not relevant for promotion).


title: Academic term

text: German universities run two semesters with the start and end dates depending on the university. The "Wintersemester" (WiSe or WS), during which most students start university, often goes from 1 October until 31 March, with lectures starting around 15 October and lasting 14 weeks. There is usually a two-week break around Christmas and New Year (which is not counted in the 14 weeks). The "Sommersemester" (SoSe or SS) consequently usually goes from 1 April until 30 September with lectures starting some time after Easter and lasting 12 weeks. The two lecture-free periods of 12 to 14 weeks between the semesters are for taking exams, doing internships, lab courses, and employment.


title: Academic term

text: The University of Mannheim changed its schedule to conform with US standards in Fall of 2006. The semesters there are now from August 1 to January 31 ("Herbst-/Wintersemester") and from February 1 to July 31 ("").


title: Academic term

text: "Berufsakademien" have four quarters, January to March and so on. In alternating quarters the students attend the university and intern at the employer (the latter being the "Praxisphase"). The number of lessons per week is significantly higher than at normal universities (equivalent to a full-time job) and the exams cannot be during the "free time" of the year, as that time is spent in the company. Vacation is given according to labor laws, i.e. half of 20–30 days (because only half of the year is worked).


title: Academic term

text: The school year in Guyana usually begins in September and ends in July of the following year. It has three terms: Christmas (First), Easter (Second) and August (Third), with two to three weeks break for Christmas and Easter and 6 to 7 weeks during the August term.


title: Academic term

text: The school year in Honduras runs from the first week of February to the end of November, with a one-week break during Easter, and a week break in October.


title: Academic term

text: In Hong Kong, the academic year usually runs from September 1 to mid-July for most primary and secondary schools. For senior secondary student, they usually start their academic year from mid of August or late August. Some secondary schools have two terms, but most have three terms. For universities and other tertiary institutions the academic year usually runs from September or October to April or May, sometimes with an extra summer term roughly from May to July.


title: Academic term

text: Kindergartens often operate a semester (two-term) system, divided by the lengthy (e.g. two-week) break for Chinese New Year, typically in early February.


title: Academic term

text: In the elementary and high schools in Hungary, the school year usually runs from September 1 to June 15 of the next year, with variation if these dates fall on Saturday or Sunday. The school year "(tanév)" is usually split into two semesters "(félév)". These semesters are also divided, with some schools holding examinations each half-semester. The first semester runs from September 1 until the middle of January and is divided by the fall vacation, which is around All Saints' Day and lasts for a week. The second semester is closed at the end of the school year. It is divided by the Easter holiday, which usually consist of the weekend before Easter and the holiday itself. Apart from these vacations and national celebrations, a few schools have 'skiing holidays' "(síszünet)", the date of which varies from the middle of January until February, though some schools hold it in December. Its length also varies from one school to another. It is made so that the students of the school who partake in the skiing camp of the school need no verification of absence. In the last school year of secondary education, the Matura examinations (school-leaving exam and entrance exam for university admissions; similar to A-level exams in the UK) are administered from May through July.


title: Academic term

text: Hungarian universities run two semesters. They are typically from the first or second week of September to the middle of December (fall semester (őszi félév)) and from February to the middle of May (spring semester (tavaszi félév)). Both semesters are followed by an examination period. During the winter exam period, a break of 1–2 weeks is administered between Christmas and the beginning of the new year. In addition to the break between the semesters in summer, there is typically a break including Christmas and New Year. Some universities also have a fall and an Easter vacation.


title: Academic term

text: In elementary and secondary schools, the academic year in some part is April to March and others June to May. The summer vacations start from the beginning of May and last up to the middle or end of June. There is also a winter vacation of 1-2 weeks at the beginning of the year. However, in the Eastern and southern states like West Bengal and Karnataka there will be two breaks, one for Dussehra or Diwali in October which ranges from 7 to 15 days and another for Christmas and New Year in late December and early January which ranges from 7 to 15 days. The entire academic year lasts for around 30 weeks.


title: Academic term

text: A semester system is being implemented in most of the universities in India as directed by the University Grants Commission. In universities the academic year is from July to May. There is a mid-year break during summer, usually from the end of May to the start of July. Some universities also have an autumn break or Diwali break around October/November. This is generally right before the second semester exam in November or in the middle of the second semester.


title: Academic term

text: All students move from old to the new academic year after the completion of the final examinations for the previous year with a small break of 1-3 weeks for compilation of results.


title: Academic term

text: An academic year in Indonesia is divided to two terms, running from mid-July to December and January to mid-June. For universities, however, the terms are much shorter, running from September to December and February to May. Some universities provide a summer semester (called "the short semester") from June to August. During president Abdurrahman Wahid's term, schools are closed for Ramadan and a week after Eid-ul-Fitr (Idul Fitri). Some schools implement Saturday-off. Previously, academic year starts from January to December, but this rule changed in 1985.


title: Academic term

text: In Iran, the academic year runs from September to June (10 months). Some universities, however, offer a limited number of courses in summer. Students have a three-month summer vacation. All schools are closed during Nowruz from march 20 until the beginning of April to celebrate the Iranian new year. The first (fall) semester begins on the first day of the Persian Calendar month of Mehr equivalent to the first day of autumn in the Northern Hemisphere and ends in January. The second (spring) semester begins in the winter and ends in June. No mid-term break exists in the academic calendar.


title: Academic term

text: The primary school year runs from the beginning of September until the end of June. There are two two-week long breaks for Christmas and Easter and two mid-term breaks at the end of October and mid-February, both one week long. Secondary schools run from September to the end of May, but due to the Junior Certificate and Leaving Certificate exams, 3rd and 6th years respectively break at the end of June for summer holidays upon completion of the exams which end in the 3rd week of June.


title: Academic term

text: The academic year for schools in receipt of public funding lasts for a minimum of 167 teaching days in secondary schools and 183 days in primary schools.


title: Academic term

text: Third-level institutions generally from early September to December for their first term. The second term usually runs from January to Easter and the third term from Easter to mid- or late May. There are two common approaches to organising semesters: One, e.g. at Trinity College Dublin (TCD) and NUI Galway, is to align the first semester with the first term (Michaelmas at TCD) and then split the second semester over the second term (Hilary at TCD) and third term (Trinity at TCD). The other approach, e.g. at University College Dublin, is for the first semester to start at the start of the first term and continue after Christmas for a few weeks of the second term and for the second semester to start immediately after this in the middle of the second term, without a break, run through the rest of the second term, and continue after Easter through to the end of the third term.


title: Academic term

text: The school year in Israel starts in elementary, middle, and high schools on September 1, and lasts until the end of June for elementary schools, and until June 20 for middle and high schools. There are no fixed holidays of equal length, with breaks occurring on national holidays, usually lasting two or three days. For Jews, there is a nine-day break for Sukkot (autumn); a seven-day break for Hannukah (in December); and for Passover (spring) the break is 2–3 weeks long. For the Muslim population, breaks are taken for Eid al-Adha, Eid ul-Fitr and end of semester breaks.


title: Academic term

text: The university academic year typically divides into two semesters which start after Sukkot (typically mid to late October) and end in June or July. Some academic institutions also enable a third semester in the summer.


title: Academic term

text: Until 2011, the summer break ended on August 31, but in 2011 Israeli ministry of education decided to shorten the summer break by one week and the break now ends on August 26 . In 2014, the old schedule was reinstated so that the summer break is back to August 31. The period between Yom Kippur and Sukkot was added as holiday to compensate for this but , has consequently been removed.


title: Academic term

text: In most Yeshivas, the year is divided into three periods (terms) called "zmanim". Elul zman starts from the first day of the Hebrew month of Elul and extends until the end of Yom Kippur. This is the shortest (approx. six weeks), but most intense semester as it comes before the High Holidays of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. Winter zman starts nine days after Sukkkot and lasts until 15 days before Passover, a duration of five months (six in a Jewish leap year). Summer semester starts after Passover and lasts until Tisha B'Av, a duration of about three months. During the interim periods, which are called "bein hazmanim" (between the terms), students are on vacation.


title: Academic term

text: In Italy, all schools start in the first half of September, even though the exact beginning date changes every year. For schools from primary schools to high schools, the academic year is split into two semesters:


title: Academic term

text: A university academic year is slightly different because of exams. University academic year divides into:


title: Academic term

text: Even though September is a free month, it is officially an exam month in all Italian universities. It means that it is possible to take exams.


title: Academic term

text: During every exam session (January–February, May–June–July or September), students are usually allowed to take any exam of their previous carrier that they couldn't pass and even a certain number of exams of the new academic year (credit limit for this last option).


title: Academic term

text: In Japan, (trimester system). The exact date of the beginning of the summer break and its duration vary across regions, but commonly the break lasts for about six weeks. The break originated to avoid the heat in summer, so elementary, middle, and high schools in Hokkaidō and Nagano Prefecture tend to have a shorter summer break than the rest of schools in Japan.


title: Academic term

text: The graduation ceremony occurs in March, and the enrollment ceremony in early April. The Japanese public school year consists of approximately 200 days.


title: Academic term

text: In recent years a few elementary, middle, and high schools have begun experimenting with having two semesters (Quarter 1/2 and 3/4) instead of the traditional three, extending the fall break to a week.


title: Academic term

text: In Kenya, for K-12 education, the calendar year starts in January and ends in November. The academic year is divided into 3 terms as follows:


title: Academic term

text: There is no standard academic calendar for universities as each university is free to set its own calendar.


title: Academic term

text: In Malaysian primary and secondary schools, the school year is divided into two semesters. The first semester begins in early January and ends in late May, with a one-week mid-term break in March. After the mid-year holidays, which lasts for two weeks, the second semester begins in mid-June and ends in mid-November, with a one-week mid-term break in September. The school year ends with a six-week year-end holidays from mid-November to early January.


title: Academic term

text: The school week varies by state, depending on the weekend of the state. For states with a Saturday-Sunday weekend, the school week is Monday to Friday. For states with a Friday-Saturday weekend (Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, and Terengganu), the school week is Sunday to Thursday; as a result, school terms begin and end a day earlier in these four states than in the rest of the country. Some schools have co-curricular activities on Saturdays.


title: Academic term

text: Schools are closed on national and state public holidays. Schools are allowed to have a few special holidays without replacement for events such as school anniversary and sports day. For festivities such as Hari Raya Aidilfitri/Hari Raya Puasa, Hari Gawai, Chinese New Year and Deepavali, schools usually apply for additional holidays to allow longer breaks for students to visit relatives in their hometowns. However, every day missed exceeding the special holiday allowance would be replaced by having classes on weekends.


title: Academic term

text: In Maldivians primary and secondary schools, the school year is divided into two semesters. The first semester begins in early January and ends in early June, with a one-week mid-term break. After the mid-year holidays, which lasts for two weeks, the second semester begins in mid-June and ends in mid-November, with a one-week mid-term break.


title: Academic term

text: The school week is Sunday to Thursday, as a result, all schools terms begin and end same day all over the country.


title: Academic term

text: The school year is split into three terms. It starts at the end of September and ends at the end of June the following year.


title: Academic term

text: The school year in Mexico starts in mid-August and ends in mid-July, by law covering 200 days, usually divided into 5 terms:


title: Academic term

text: Term 3 starts the first week of January (after Three Kings Day) and finishes around the third week of February (Flag Day)


title: Academic term

text: Term 4 starts in late February and finishes late March or early April (usually the Friday before Palm Sunday)


title: Academic term

text: Summer break is 45 days. The calendar is designed by the Secretary of Public Education (, SEP), the government department overseeing public education aln in Mexico with arrangements of the leaders of the National Educational Workers Union (Spanish: "Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Educación", SNTE). All public and private elementary schools under the guidance of the dependence observe this year. In the case of universities, normally the school year starts in the last week of July and is divided in trimesters or semesters. Christmas Break is usually 3 weeks.


title: Academic term

text: Education in Nepal is structured as school education and higher education. School education includes primary level of grades 1–5, lower secondary and secondary levels of grades 6–8 and 9–10 respectively. Pre-primary level of education is available in some areas. Six years old is the prescribed age for admission into grade one. A national level examination is conducted at the end of grade 10, called Secondary Education Examination. Schools use the Bikram Sambat calendar for academic purposes, i.e. one BS year equals one academic term. The classes start in mid April and finishes late March. Summer and winter breaks are usually of one week to two weeks. A one-month festival vacation is provided during Dashain and Tihar, which usually fall on October and/or November every year.


title: Academic term

text: Grades 11 and 12 are considered as higher secondary level. Higher Secondary Education Board (HSEB) supervises higher secondary schools which are mostly under private management. Previously these


title: Academic term

text: grades were under the university system and were run as proficiency certificate level. Although some universities still offer these programs, the policy now is to integrate these grades into the school system. These classes start from late July and ends in April.


title: Academic term

text: Higher education consists of bachelor, masters, and PhD levels. Depending upon the stream and subject, bachelors level may be of three to five years' duration. The duration of masters level is generally two years. Some universities offer programs like M Phil and post-graduate diplomas.


title: Academic term

text: Vocational education in Nepal starts after lower secondary education. Students can choose to follow a two-year curriculum leading to the "Technical School leaving Certificate". Universities also offers professional and technical degrees. Out of the formal track, short-term programs(1 year) focusing on skills development are also available.


title: Academic term

text: The New Zealand school year runs from the beginning of February to mid-December, and since 1996, has been divided into four terms. By law, all state and state-integrated schools are required to be open for instruction for 380 half-days in a year (390 half-days for schools with only Year 8 students or below), meaning that the start and end of the school year is not nationally fixed to a particular date, as schools take different teacher-only days and provincial anniversary days off during the year. Schools can be exempted from opening the required number of half-days in some cases, such as in Christchurch in 2011 when many schools closed for up to a month after the 2011 Christchurch earthquake. The breaks between terms have fixed start and end dates, and the break length is fixed at two weeks.


title: Academic term

text: If Easter falls in March or late in April, Term 1 usually ends in mid-April and Term 2 begins at the beginning of May. If Easter is in March, a 5-day half-term break then exists, with school ending on Maundy Thursday and resuming on the Wednesday. The start of term two may be delayed if Anzac Day (25 April) falls on the Monday or Tuesday directly following the Easter break.


title: Academic term

text: Private schools are not required to adhere to the Ministry's term structure, but by law they may not be open for instruction on Saturday or Sunday, the ten national public holidays, the school location's relevant anniversary day, and the Tuesday immediately following Easter Monday.


title: Academic term

text: Senior secondary students (Years 11, 12, and 13) in many state schools have examination leave from mid-November, on the Thursday or Friday before the first NCEA external examinations begin. Officially, however, the term still does not end until mid-December.


title: Academic term

text: Usually there are exams at the end of each semester. Students get a number of breaks throughout the year: National Day on 18 November, New Higri year break, Prophet Mohammed birthday break, Eid Al-Fitr break and Eid Al-Adha break. As most of these breaks depend on the Higri year which is 10 days shorter than the Solar year, there is a gradual change on the date of these events in relation to the school year.


title: Academic term

text: In Pakistan, the school year runs from April to March. Students have a two-month summer vacation and a two-week winter vacation. In Gilgit-Baltistan, Azad Kashmir and some areas of Balochistan, where heavy snow paralyzes life in the winter, the schools close for two months and there are two weeks of summer vacation. There is also a brief spring break at the end of the school year as well as an optional 1-day Diwali break in the fall.


title: Academic term

text: Schools and universities are off on national holidays: Pakistan Day (March 23), Independence Day (August 14), Defence of Pakistan Day (September 6), the anniversaries of the birth (December 25) and death (September 11) of Quaid-e-Azam, Allama Iqbal (November 9) and the birth (July 30) and death (July 8) of Madar-e-Millat.


title: Academic term

text: Labour Day (also known as May Day) is also observed in Pakistan on May 1. Both Eid festivals are also public holidays.


title: Academic term

text: In the University of Engineering and Technology Lahore, the holidays are for two and half months during summer.


title: Academic term

text: For the government universities, the students of bachelors are given 1–1.5 month of summer vacation and 1–1.5 weeks of winter vacations.


title: Academic term

text: The Philippine school year lasts usually between nine and ten months long, and a school year must be at least 200 days as prescribed by law, including examination periods.


title: Academic term

text: In most primary and secondary (Junior High) schools, an academic year is usually divided into quarters for purposes of examination and reporting of marks though a few private schools adopt a trimestral system. Each quarter normally lasts for approximately seven (usually the 3rd quarter) to ten weeks (usually the 1st, 2nd and 4th quarters) but the actual length of each quarter and the months they cover varies among private schools. The fourth quarter for pupils in Grade 6 and students in Grade 10 is usually two to three weeks shorter than undergraduates to allow for preparation of final grades to determine who are eligible for graduation as well as to prepare for the graduation (or some schools would call as "completion") ceremonies themselves. Each quarter culminates in most schools with a quarterly examination period of three to five days.


title: Academic term

text: Until 2020 the school year began in public schools in the first week of June and ended in the third or fourth week of March. However private schools had a slightly shorter academic calendar either starting in the second (or third week) of June or ending earlier in March. Until that year the usual national school year was as follows:


title: Academic term

text: For the years SY 2020-2021 and 2021–22, given the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the calendar in basic education schools shifted to a more Western styled calendar to match that of most colleges and universities thus the school year in these schools is organized as follows:


title: Academic term

text: The academic term for senior high school students (Grades 11 and 12) operates on a semestral basis. Semestral, Christmas, and summer breaks are scheduled at about the same time as primary and junior high school. Grade 12 pupils have a shorter second semester than grade 11 in order for the school to prepare for graduation.


title: Academic term

text: Until SY 2019–2020, summer break usually lasted for two months, starting from the first week of April up to the last week of May. Most schools tended to end the school year before Holy Week. Semestral break is normally set to coincide with All Saints' and All Souls' Day. The Christmas Break usually begins in the third week of December, and classes resume the Monday or week after New Year's Day (unless that Monday is January 2). Commencement ceremonies were often held in late March or early April. Beginning SY-2020-2021 the summer break now falls after early to mid-June, ending in late August, which the Holy Week or Easter break replacing the former summer vacation with the switch of the calendar. The other vacation breaks remain as is.


title: Academic term

text: Until 2020 the exceptions to this general schedule are international schools operating in the country, which normally follow their home country's respective school system, since then the calendar used by these schools now closely match the general national calendar.


title: Academic term

text: For most universities and colleges, an academic year is divided into two semesters, each up to 18 weeks long except for senior students in their final semester where they end the semester two weeks earlier. Enrollment/registration in an institution is usually good for only one semester, i.e. a student who successfully registers for the first semester is not automatically enrolled to study in the second semester. The student will need to successfully complete clearance requirements and in a few cases, maintain a certain overall mark in order to progress with her university studies in the next semester. The first semester is followed by a break consisting of two to four weeks before the second semester.


title: Academic term

text: This break usually coincides with the Christmas holidays for institutions that transitioned to an August-to-May academic calendar. Otherwise, the break usually occurs from the second or third week of October to the second week of November for institutions operating under the old June-to-March academic calendar. The Semestral Break can be two to three weeks long, and normally includes the All Saints' and All Souls' holidays.


title: Academic term

text: Other schools such as Technological University of the Philippines in Taguig, De La Salle University, the MBA program of the University of the Philippines Diliman, Far Eastern University – East Asia College, and AMA Computer University operate under a trimestral system. For a declining number of these schools the collegiate year starts in the fourth week of May and ends in the third week of April, while most schools use a modified form of the Western system of the major universities to suit trimestral studies. Under this system, students are typically able to finish their academic studies a year earlier than those from other universities with a semestral programme. Mapúa University began using the quarterly system with eleven weeks to a term after its acquisition by the Yuchengco Group. This allows their engineering programmes to be completed a year ahead of schools running on a semestral schedule.


title: Academic term

text: Moreover, starting academic year 2014–2015, constituent campuses in the University of the Philippines System started their school year in August to end in May and the University of Santo Tomas started the Academic Year in August and it will end in May 2015. In AY 2015–2016, several Philippine colleges and universities followed the lead of the two universities.


title: Academic term

text: In AY 2015–2016, San Beda University and St. Scholastica's College Manila started their calendar in early July 2015 and ended in mid- to late April 2016. The institution hoped that this move would transition it to a full August-to-May Calendar in the succeeding academic years.


title: Academic term

text: Also in AY 2015–2016, the University of Santo Tomas, completed its shift to an August-to-May calendar. Ateneo de Manila University also shifted to an August-to-May Calendar this AY 2015–2016 with having a summer term in June to July before AY 2015-2016 starts. De La Salle University and De La Salle – College of St. Benilde started having an August-to-August calendar for the AY 2015–2016.


title: Academic term

text: In Poland, the school year begins on September 1 and ends on the first Friday after June 18. There is a Christmas break in December which lasts until after New Year's Day. There is also a winter holiday break lasting two weeks in January or February but the exact date is different for each voivodeship and the dates usually change each year. Winter break is also the dividing line between the two semesters of the school year.


title: Academic term

text: Most universities start their courses on October 1 (at some institutions late September), and the first semester (commonly referred to as the ""winter term"") ends in January. The second term starts in February or March, (the ""summer term"") and ends in June. Each semester is usually 15 or 16 weeks long. After each of them there is an ""examination session"", when no courses are taught, which lasts up to one month. The summer break starts after the exams and lasts until the start of the next academic year. In September there is an extra examination session during which students can retake failed exams.


title: Academic term

text: The school year in Portugal runs from September to June and is divided in three Terms ("Períodos", in Portuguese):


title: Academic term

text: During the school year there are several breaks or holidays ("interrupções" or "férias", in Portuguese):


title: Academic term

text: The school year in Romania is divided into two semesters. From kindergarten to high school the first semester opens in early-mid September and continues until mid-late January. The second semester lasts from early February until early-mid June.


title: Academic term

text: Note that Some teachers might change the calendar a bit, like starting semesters and summer break one week earlier.


title: Academic term

text: The school year in Russia traditionally starts on September 1 ("The Knowledge Day"). The school year is divided into four terms (quarters), separated by one- or two-week holidays (the first week in November, the first two weeks in January, and the last week of March). The summer holiday lasts three months: June, July, and August. Generally the school year lasts until 25 May, which is also known as "The Last School-Bell" day celebrated by the graduates, their families and teachers. The school graduation ceremony - "Graduation Evening" () - is organized on June 20–25.


title: Academic term

text: The academic year at universities also starts on September 1 and usually consists of 42 educational weeks and 10 weeks of holidays. It is divided into two terms (semesters). The first one (autumn semester) runs from September 1 to January 24/25 (21 weeks, including a 3- to 5-week winter exams session at the end) followed by a two-week holiday. Coincidentally January 25 is also "Tatiana Day", traditionally celebrated as Russian Students Day. The second one (spring semester) runs from February 9 to June 30 or July 4/5 (21 weeks, including a 3- to 5-week summer exams session) followed by an eight-week summer holiday. Some Russian universities do not use a traditional scheme: they exclude exams sessions, and the academic year is divided in a 2:3 ratio of 17 educational weeks (followed by a two-week holiday) and 25 educational weeks (followed by an eight-week summer holiday).


title: Academic term

text: The school year coincides with the calendar year, and the first term begins on January 2 (unless it is a weekend or a Monday). The school year comprises four terms of 10 weeks each.


title: Academic term

text: Terms 1 and 2 are known as Semester 1, and terms 3 and 4 as Semester 2. to accommodate the release of the O level results.


title: Academic term

text: International schools in Singapore operate on a different system, often similar to the system in their home countries.


title: Academic term

text: The training year in Institute of Technical Education is made up of two terms, commencing January and April respectively, depending on the month of intake.


title: Academic term

text: Polytechnics and universities operate on a different calendar from schools. There are two semesters in a year in polytechnics.


title: Academic term

text: The school year for elementary, grammar and high schools begins on September 2 (September 1 is Constitution Day) and ends June 29 of the following year. The school day starts at 8:00 a.m. and ends at 2:00 p.m. (time varies due to day and type of school). in most schools. It is split into two halves, with the first half ending on the last day of January.


title: Academic term

text: Universities starts in second half of September or 1 October. Academic year consist of 2 semesters (winter /until December/ and summer /until May/).


title: Academic term

text: The school year in Slovenia for elementary and grammar schools begins on 1 September and formally ends on 31 August, although classes and exams are finished by 25 June. July and August thus constitute summer holidays. There are also four one-week breaks during the school year, occurring around All Saints Day, between Christmas and New Year, at the end of February, and around the May Day.


title: Academic term

text: Universities and colleges follow a different academic year. It consists of two semesters—the winter semester starting on 1 October, which ends around 15 January. It is followed by a one-month break, during which students take the exams for subjects they have read in the semester. The summer semester begins on 15 February and lasts until 31 May, followed by the exam period, which ends on 30 June. Students who have not passed the necessary exams have a chance to do so during the autumn exam period in September. Students and faculty are free during July and August. New classes are held again in October.


title: Academic term

text: All South African public schools have a four-term school year as determined by the national Department of Education. Each term is between 10 and 11 weeks long. The terms are roughly structured as follows:


title: Academic term

text: Private schools follow a similar calendar, but slightly alter it according to their academic and religious needs. Some independent(private) schools have a three-term year instead .


title: Academic term

text: The dates of the school year for coastal schools are slightly different from those for inland schools.


title: Academic term

text: The Department of Basic Education proposed a five-week-long school break in June–July 2010 for the -hosted in South Africa-to avoid pupil and teacher absenteeism and a chaotic transport system.


title: Academic term

text: South African universities have a year consisting of two semesters, with the first semester running from early February to early June, and the second semester from late July to late November. Each semester consists of twelve or thirteen teaching weeks, interrupted by a one-week short vacation, and followed by three or four weeks of examinations. In the first semester the short vacation often falls around the Easter weekend, while in the second semester it occurs in early September.


title: Academic term

text: South African schools and universities are all closed on all South African public holidays. In terms of Public Holidays Act if the holiday fall on a Sunday then the schools are closed the next Monday.


title: Academic term

text: In Korea, the school year starts at the beginning of March. Until 2015, schools followed a three-term system with a break at the end of each term plus a brief fall break interrupting the 2nd, similar to Japan:


title: Academic term

text: From 2015 onwards, the calendar was changed to a more quasi-Western styled one with two semesters, having the year to end on January rather than February. The 1st and 2nd quarters become the 1st semester, while the 3rd and 4th become the 2nd.


title: Academic term

text: School hours are approximately from 8:00 am to 4:00 pm for high school, each class lasting 50 minutes. For middle (junior high) school, the school day is from about 8:00 am–3:30 pm, each class lasting 45 minutes. In primary (elementary) school, the lower grades (grades 1–3) have classes around 8:30 to 2:00 and the upper grades (grades 4–6) have classes from about 9:00 to 3:00. Each class lasts about 40 minutes. In high school, the older students are sometimes required to stay until 9:00 pm or later studying on their own. For the most part, teachers rotate and the students stay in their classroom except for certain classes such as Physical Education, Music and Science labs.


title: Academic term

text: There is a popular saying in Korean, 노는 토요일 (no-neun to-yo-il), meaning "resting on Saturdays." From 2006 to 2011, Korean students (from elementary to secondary schools) were required to go to school on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th Saturdays of each month. Prior to 2006, students had to go to school six days a week, except for 2005, when students had one Saturday off every month. The schools normally ended at noon on Saturday, and the curriculum was mostly focused on extracurricular activities. However, the Korean Ministry of Education abolished school days on Saturdays in 2012.


title: Academic term

text: In 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the start of the school year was delayed to April, causing a change in the calendar:


title: Academic term

text: South Korean universities and post-secondary institutions similarly have a two-semester/four-quarter system, with the first term beginning about March 2 and ending in mid-late June, and the second beginning at the start of September and ending in mid-late December.


title: Academic term

text: Many universities offer optional short-term "camp" non-credit courses during semester breaks, but credit courses are not common during summers and winters.


title: Academic term

text: The school year consists of two semesters. The fall semester begins in early September and runs until late January or early February. Summer vacation is from early July to end of August. Winter vacation typically runs from two to three weeks around the Lunar New Year. Spring semester begins following the Lantern Festival in mid February and ends in early June. Privatized institutions in Taiwan have varying academic terms.


title: Academic term

text: There are two semesters in the Thai academic year with an optional summer semester. From kindergarten to high school, the first semester opens in mid May and continues until the end of September. The second semester lasts from November until the end of February (or early March). The university academic year is slightly different, lasting from mid August to late December and early January to mid May.


title: Academic term

text: The Turkish academic year begins in September and continues through to the following June. In most public educational institutions from primary to tertiary, the first semester begins in September and continues until January, and the second semester begins February and continues until June. The academic calendar and dates of mid-semester breaks may vary across private institutions.


title: Academic term

text: The academic year at universities starts on September the 1st and usually consists of two semesters. The first semester runs from September the 1st to January the 24/25th followed by a two-week holiday. The second semester runs from February the 9th to June the 30th or July the 4/5th.


title: Academic term

text: The English law courts terms and legal training pupillage divided the year into four terms, partly to create a predictable work schedule, but also to make allowances for harsh travel conditions and delays caused by adverse weather at a time when all English law students and many litigants had to travel to London for training or legal advice at one of the Inns of Court. The English legal year still runs to this calendar:


title: Academic term

text: In Scotland, academic and judicial institutions traditionally organised their year around the Scottish term days, the traditional divisions of the Scottish legal year:


title: Academic term

text: The school year in the United Kingdom is generally divided into three terms running from autumn to summer. For state schools, the school year consists of 195 days of which there are 190 teaching days and five INSET teacher training days. For independent schools, the school year can be as short as 175 days. The structure of the school year varies between the constituent countries of the United Kingdom with school holiday dates varying between local education authorities.


title: Academic term

text: Before the mechanisation of agriculture and when more of the population lived in the rural countryside, the long summer school holiday in Britain arose in the 19th century as a result of the education authorities abandoning the battle to keep children at school through haymaking (around the start of August) and wheat harvest (around the end of August), when every available pair of hands was needed on the land.


title: Academic term

text: In England and Wales, the school year generally runs from early September until late July of the following year. Most schools operate a three-term school year, each term divided in half by a week-long break known as "half term" (although some counties, like Oxfordshire, consider these to be six separate terms instead), and are structured as follows:


title: Academic term

text: The terms are separated by two holidays, each of approximately two weeks' duration: the Christmas holidays separating the autumn term and spring term, and the Easter holidays separating the spring term and the summer term. The period between the end of one school year and the start of the next is the summer holidays, which are six to eight weeks long.


title: Academic term

text: The academic year originated in the pre-industrial era when all non-disabled young people were expected to work through the period of July and August. For the purposes of education, the remainder of the year was arranged into three terms accommodating the Christian holidays of Christmas and Easter. Half-term breaks divide the 16- to 17-week terms.


title: Academic term

text: However the long summer break has been criticised by educationalists in the post-industrialist age because it creates a break in the academic progress. Even a House of Commons Education Select Committee recommended in 1999 that schools switch to a five-term academic year, abolishing the long summer holidays. Each term would be eight weeks long with a two-week break in between terms, and a minimum four-week summer holiday, with no half terms—the idea being that children can keep up momentum for eight weeks without a break. The proposals were introduced at a small number of schools nationally.


title: Academic term

text: In 1999, the Local Government Association set up a commission to look at alternative proposals for a more balanced school year. In partnership with Local Authorities and teachers unions, they were unable to agree to a suitable alternative arrangement for terms, but by 2004 came to an agreement with the National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers for a standardised arrangement of school terms. Since 2004, around one third of English local authorities have signed up to the proposals which see a standard academic year agreed between the authorities, including slight variations on the traditional schemes, based on the following principles:


title: Academic term

text: In addition the independent schools have set their own term dates with varying degrees of local and national co-ordination.


title: Academic term

text: The school year in Northern Ireland generally runs from early September to late June or early July of the following year. Most schools operate a three-term school year similar to England and Wales; however, there is no half term during summer term due to the province's longer summer holidays. The terms are structured as follows:


title: Academic term

text: The terms are separated by two holidays each consisting of approximately two weeks: the Christmas holidays separating the autumn and spring terms, and the Easter holidays separating the spring and summer terms. The summer holidays in Northern Ireland last nine weeks, from the start of July until the end of August, due to the Twelfth of July bank holiday.


title: Academic term

text: The school year in Scotland generally runs from middle or late August to late June or early July of the following year (usually in eastern council areas from the third Monday in August to the first Friday in July and in western council areas from the second Monday in August to the last Friday in June). Most schools operate a three-term school year, each term divided in half by a break known as 'mid-term', lasting a week or two in October, a few days to a week in February, and a few days in May. The terms are structured as follows:


title: Academic term

text: The terms are separated by two holidays each consisting of approximately two weeks: the Christmas Holidays separating the autumn and spring terms, and the Easter holidays separating the spring and summer terms. The period between the end of one school year and the start of the next is known as the summer holidays and consists of six or seven weeks.


title: Academic term

text: Although the specific timetables and activities (e.g. teaching, revision periods, exams) contained therein vary per institution, the academic year at most UK universities runs from late-September or early-October to June or July with three or four week breaks around Christmas and Easter that divide the year into three terms. Most universities overlay a semester structure for academic courses on top of this. Many universities, particularly older ones, use terms, often with the last term given over to exams. Some older universities have special names for the three terms, e.g. Michaelmas, Hilary, Trinity (Oxford) or Michaelmas, Epiphany, Easter (Durham).


title: Academic term

text: Special term names (i.e. not first, second, third; autumn, spring, summer; or other obvious names) in use include:


title: Academic term

text: Exceptions to the ordinary structure of the academic year include the University of Buckingham, where undergraduate courses do not coincide with the academic year used by universities in Britain and elsewhere. Instead, they largely coincide with the calendar year—they typically start in January or February, with examinations in autumn.


title: Academic term

text: Recommended maximum enrollment in any given system is the number of weeks in the term. So, in theory, the maximum number of credits that can be earned per academic year are 36 quarter hours in a quarter system; 36 semester hours in a semester system; or 30 to 32 semester hours in a trimester system.


title: Academic term

text: The word quadmester or quadrimester is occasionally used to mean either three months or (more commonly in modern American usage) a quarter of a year.


title: Academic term

text: In the United States, the K–12 school calendar is determined by the individual states, and in some cases by the local school district, so there is considerable variation. The academic year typically consists of two 18-week semesters, each divided into two nine-week marking periods (or quarters) or three six-week marking periods, and constituting 170 to 186 instructional days (with an average of 180). An instructional week is five instructional days, measured Monday–Friday at all public and most private schools; Saturday–Wednesday or Sunday–Thursday at Muslim private schools; and so on. Grades are usually reported per marking period, but major examinations are given per semester or per year.