title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: In April 2010, General Motors and the Indianapolis Motors Speedway announced limited production of the Pace Car that was introduced to pace the 2010 Indianapolis 500. The Indianapolis 500 Pace Car replica is based on the 2010 Camaro 2SS Automatic 400 hp 6.2 L V8 model with RS package which includes the Inferno Orange exterior paint scheme with White Diamond rally stripes that run from front to the rear of the entire body of the car. The event and organization logos of the Indianapolis 500 Speedway are decaled on both driver and passenger doors with special badging placed underneath both front quarter panels of the Camaro nameplate. Special event stitching of the 2010 event replaces the "SS" stitching on the headrests of the front interior seating, with special premium accented floor mats and Inferno Orange accented interior trim kit. The front grille is replaced with the heritage grille that was made available as an aftermarket accessory from GM, with the addition of an Inferno Orange trimmed engine cover. Production was limited to 294 units, the majority of which were produced in automatics and a few had manual transmissions (Mostly Canadian). Out of the 294 units, 50 were sent to the Indianapolis 500 event (Festival cars) which could be seen during Pole Day prior to the event with each darning a license plate reflecting its number from 1-50. 45 other units were sent to Canada and 199 were sent to the 186 top Camaro selling dealerships based upon retail sales in the United States.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Production of the 2010 Camaro Z4Z began half-way through the 2010 model year. The production of the 2010 Camaro was temporarily halted in April 2010 when all 294 of the Z4Z models were produced. After the 294 Z4Z models were produced, production of the standard models resumed.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The 2010 Camaro 2SS Indy 500 Pace Car (Z4Z) is the second lowest production number Camaro pace car has been made available for public purchase since its debut at the Indianapolis 500 in 1967.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The SLP Performance ZL550 and ZL575 are limited production versions of the 2010 Chevrolet Camaro SS from SLP Performance. The ZL550 would have a supercharger attached to the 6.2 L V8 boosting power from 426 to 550 hp. The 550 hp variant was mated to the 6-speed automatic transmission. It would also include 20-inch 5-spoke red line machined spoke face with ZL center caps. A decal on the rear tail light in flat black. Heritage style SS badges on the front grill and rear panel, three ZL550 or ZL575 OEM-styled exterior badges, ZL550 or ZL575 logo embroidered in the headrests and floor mats. It also included a 1-250 numbered plaque on the dashboard and numbered key fobs. It also sported a cold air induction system and an axle-back exhaust system with unique tips. A tweaked suspension lowered the front by 1-inch the rear by 0.8-inch. The hood of the car utilizes an RTM hood with a functional heat extractor. The ZL575 used the same 6.2 L V8 upgraded with the ZL550's supercharger rated at 575 hp. The ZL575 models came mated to the 6-speed manual transmission found in the normal Camaro but was tweaked to be able to handle the increased power. An option for the ZL575 was the 6-speed manual transmission would be installed with the clutch off of a Corvette ZR1 for sportier gear changes. Also, an option for the ZL550's transmission was being equipped with a 3.45 gear ratio. Brembo brakes were also an option. Sales began at Chevy dealers in mid-2010.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The Camaro Styling Special is a version of the 2010 Camaro LT RS and SS RS for the Japan market. It features a rally stripe, front grille, door sill plate (standard on SS RS).


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Assembly of the fifth-generation Camaro took place in Canada like its predecessor. Production, however, was shifted from Sainte-Thérèse, Quebec to Oshawa, Ontario.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Chevrolet started taking pre-orders for the 2010 Camaro on October 13, 2008, however sales to rentals and orders made after the pre-order period, were processed before many of the pre-orders. By the end of 2008, General Motors confirmed more than 10,000 advanced orders and that all pre-orders would be completed by October 2009. Camaro sales began in April 2009.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: On January 17, 2009, the first production Camaro (VIN #100001) was auctioned at the 2009 Barrett-Jackson Collector Car Auction in an American Heart Association charity lot. The vehicle was purchased by Hendrick Motor Sports CEO Rick Hendrick for .


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: By late June 2009, Chevrolet dealers were reporting that the Camaro sales were exceeding availability, with prices running about above the MSRP. It was suggested that this may be influenced by the prominent presence of the vehicle in the that was released worldwide through the month.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: General Motors sold 61,648 Camaros in the 2009 calendar year. Sales of the Camaro did not start until April 2009.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: A 2010 Camaro was shown while the main character was driving in the NBC series "My Own Worst Enemy", which premiered on October 13, 2008, as part of a marketing arrangement between GM and NBC.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: As part of the 2010 Camaro launch in Japan, a special GM-made T-shirt was made available between July 9, 2009 and August 31, 2009.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: As part of the 2010 Camaro launch in Japan, a promotion movie for Camaro was premiered in Altavision Ginza between November 1, 2009 and November 8, 2009.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: As part of the 2011 Camaro launch in Japan, new members joining Hooters Tokyo between October 25, 2010 and November 30, 2010 could win a 2010 Chevrolet Camaro LT RS.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: For the 2011 model year, the Camaro V6 engine was rated at and , an increase of and from 2010. No engineering changes were made for the increase as GM claimed the in the 2010 Camaro's engine was a conservative rating.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The Synergy Green color from the 2010 Special Edition would be available on all 2011 model trim levels. A head-up display (HUD) with most of the instrument panel's information would be offered. The HUD is a modified version of the Chevrolet Corvette's display. The main difference is that the version in the Corvette is able to display lateral g-forces, while that amenity is not available on the Camaro.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The Japanese model was unveiled in golf courses in Tokyo, Yokohama, Nagoya, Osaka. Japanese models include LT RS and SS RS with 6-speed automatic transmission and the choice of 9 body colors (including new Red Jewel).


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: On October 19, 2010 at 12:00 noon EDT, orders of the Neiman Marcus Edition Camaro Convertible were opened through Neiman Marcus and sold out within three minutes becoming one of quickest-selling special edition vehicles that General Motors has put out in the market. A total of 75 units were produced and deliveries began in early 2011. The NM Camaro was based on both the 1SS and 2SS models and was equipped with the 6.2 L V8 engine in both options of either manual or automatic transmissions with the equal fuel efficiency and power output of the 2011 Camaro. Accessories that separated this edition from the rest were noticeably that of the exclusive tri-coat exterior paint called "Deep Bourdeaux" with ghosted rally stripes spanning across the hood to the rear deck along with a separate "Silver" painted windshield surround. A two-toned interior leather trim also separated the special edition from the rest with basic black leather with "Amber" interior accents on the front and rear seats as well as on the armrests all with accented "Brilliant Red" stitching on the aforementioned including the center console, steering wheel, and shift knob. A black interior trim kit placed upon the doors panels and dash which replaced the standard "Midnight Silver" that came in standard 2LT and 2SS models. 21-inch five-spoke wheels that were not yet released to the general public for separate purchasing until late 2011 were placed wrapped with Pirelli P-Zero tires that also contained a Brilliant Red strip flowing along the outer edge of the wheel to follow that stitching in the interior. This edition of the Camaro was the only batch of units that were to follow trimming keys of that from the 2007 Camaro Convertible Concept with the Silver painted Window surround, interior leather trim placements, and wide spoke wheels. No Camaro Convertibles produced from the factory ever provided a different color windshield surround other than the produced body color.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Production of the 2011 Camaro Convertible began on January 31, 2011 in Oshawa, Ontario, where the coupe was assembled. It arrived in dealerships in February, and is available in both base and SS versions like the coupe.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: US models include a choice of V6 and V8 (SS only) engines, Tremec TR-6060 6-speed manual or Hydra-Matic 6L50 6-speed automatic transmission, and went on sale in 2011–12.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Japanese models include a choice of four base (silver ice metallic, black, victory red, summit white) and two premium (rally yellow, inferno orange metallic) body colours. They went on sale on 15 July 2011.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: From concept to reality, the 2011 Synergy Series Camaro first made its debut at the 2009 SEMA event as a concept under the tag of Camaro Chroma. This concept was to display a combination of various parts from the Chevrolet Camaro's accessories catalog of both current and conceptual pieces to provide a different appearance from the other Camaro models. In 2010, the car would pop its face again however under a different exterior paint scheme of "Cyber Gray Metallic" and new nameplate of Synergy Series. It was made known that the Synergy car being shown at the 2010 SEMA event was not just going to be a concept but that it would be made available to the general public to purchase for the 2011 year model run. On May 5, 2011 orders were open to those who desired to purchase the appearance package on top of the price of either a 2LT or 2SS in either a coupe or convertible plus purchase of the RS package was required. Only the exterior colors of Victory Red, Summit White or Black could be made with purchase. Upon ordering the Synergy Series Camaro people had the option to choose between two different packages:


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Level One (RPO: AJA): Red interior stitching on gray leather-appointed interior seats, center console, steering wheel, shifter boot and knob, and armrests on the doors. Switchblade Silver interior trim kit on dash and door panels with accented red light piping in door trim, footwells, and cup holders. Body colored ground effects, Heritage grille, Blade spoiler, and antenna. Red engine cover and red-colored Brembo brake calipers. Premium floor mats with red edging and Silver stripe Yenko inspired decals on hood, mailslot, rear deck, and side gills.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Level Two (RPO: AJB): All Content from Level One package with the addition of dealer-installed 21-inch wide five-spoke wheels with "Blade Silver" inserts and "Red Flange" stripe along the edge of wheels.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Only 500 units of this package incorporated into the Camaros were to be produced for the 2011 model year run, however, only 400 were actually ordered. The name Synergy was decided by Chevrolet to be not only known for the green color of the first run of special edition Camaros in 2010 but to be a yearly special edition Camaro offered by Chevrolet for their determination to release at least two special edition Camaros every year. So the word "Series" was added to reflect the editions as an annual special edition.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The XM Accessory Appearance Package (RPO: ABN) was introduced at the 2010 SEMA event providing an option that would differentiate the 1LT model from the rest as special editions were being offered towards the SS models. Ordering of the appearance package began on February 17, 2011 until the end of the 2011 model and were only limited to the following exterior colors of Black, Cyber Gray Metallic, and Imperial Blue Metallic. Integrated with the purchase of the XM Accessory Appearance Package were front body colored Heritage Grille, 21-inch diameter 5-spoke polished aluminum wheels, Silver strip running along the side of the Camaro following the contours of the shoulders to the front with pinstriping, premium carpeted floor mats, rear spoiler without the need to purchase an RS (RPO: WRS) package and a 12-month free trial subscription to XM Satellite Radio.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: As part of the 2011 Camaro launch in Japan, a Camaro 2-day campaign took place between July 1, 2010 and September 30, 2010, featuring a 2-day test drive chosen by raffle from Chevrolet dealers.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: After the 2010 version incarnation of "Hawaii Five-0" was picked up by CBS for broadcast, starting with the second episode (September 27, 2010), a Chevrolet product placement deal includes a Camaro RS used by Danny Williams (Scott Caan) used for the first three seasons, with a 2014 Camaro replacing it for Season 4. A second Camaro (an SS variant), in yellow, is used by Max Bergman (Masi Oka), starting in the second season.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The Chevrolet Camaro was launched in China in April 2011 through imports under the Legend trim level. The 3.6 litre "LLT" V6 was the standard engine paired to a 6 speed automatic gearbox. Imports for the fifth generation Camaro ended in 2015.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Changes to the 2012 Chevrolet Camaro include the introduction of the 3.6 L direct injection LFX V6 engine replacing the outgoing V6 engine, a new FE4 suspension package for SS coupe (retuned front and rear dampers, new solid front (23 mm) and rear (24 mm) stabilizer bars, 20-inch aluminum wheels with P245/45R20 front and P275/40R20 rear tires (from the SS)), a revised instrument panel appearance (new instrument graphics and trim), a new steering wheel design with improved ergonomics, a power lift feature for the front passenger seat, a new Rear Vision Package (a rearview camera system and an auto-dimming mirror to the existing Rear Park Assist feature), a new rear spoiler as standard, taillamps from RS appearance package option becomes standard for all vehicles. Crystal Red Tintcoat replaces Red Jewel as an exterior color.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The 45th Anniversary Special Edition is based on 2LT and 2SS for both coupe and convertible body styles, with unique rally stripe in red and silver at hood and deck, Carbon Flash Metallic body colour, badges located beneath the front fender emblems, new-design 20-inch wheels in dark silver, fog lamp and taillamp bezels finished in dark silver, RS-style taillamp lenses, standard rear spoiler and HID headlamps, body-color roof molding, Jet Black interior with leather-trimmed seats featuring the 45th Anniversary logo, white instrument panel and door trim inserts with the 45th Anniversary logo on the instrument panel, red, white and blue stitching on the seats, steering wheel, shift knob/boot, door armrests and console lid; 45th Anniversary logo on the steering wheel and sill plates.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Japanese models went on sale in January 2012. Early models included coupe (LT RS, SS RS), convertible, 45th Anniversary Special Edition.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Unveiled at the 2011 Chicago Auto Show, the ZL1 is a high-performance variant of the Camaro SS. At least 30 percent of the parts on the ZL1 are exclusive to the model.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The car features a LSA V8 engine with a supercharger which produced a maximum boost pressure of . The engine has a power output of at 6,000 rpm and of torque at 4,200 rpm. Power is delivered to the rear wheels by either a six-speed manual (TR-6060) or a 6L90 automatic transmission. The manual transmission has a stronger outputshaft, a more robust rear housing and an additional mainshaft roller bearing to provide 30-percent more torque capacity than the automatic transmission used in the Camaro SS. To improve shift quality, there are triple synchros in some gears and a revised linkage. A new dual-mass flywheel is bolted to a high-capacity twin-disc clutch. The automatic transmission has additional clutch plates, a strengthened output shaft and is programmed with three operating modes (Drive/Sport/Manual).


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The ZL1's power is complemented by exclusive performance technologies, including the third generation of Magnetic ride suspension and Performance Traction Management. Brembo supplied the braking system having six piston calipers at the front and four piston calipers at the rear. A duct system delivers air from the grille to the hard-working rotors. The 20-inch forged-aluminum wheels are fitted with second-generation Goodyear Eagle F1 Supercar tires (size 285/35ZR-20 at the front and 305/35ZR-20 at the back). Damping is provided by Magnetic Ride Control units. This system can sense the need for a damping correction 1,000 times per second and make that change in only five milliseconds. The Performance Traction Management (PTM) system was originally engineered for the Corvette ZR1. In addition to modulating engine torque for optimum launch performance in manual-equipped ZL1s, PTM also varies the traction control and suspension damping as needed. The five available modes are for wet, dry, sport with or without stability control and race-driving conditions.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Additional track-ready features standard on the Camaro ZL1 include coolers for the engine, transmission and rear differential, cooling ducts for the Brembo brakes, and a high-performance fuel system delivering fuel to the LSA engine under any performance-driving condition. The ZL1's rear axle includes a high-capacity cast-iron-case differential, large asymmetrical half shafts, and extra-heavy-duty universal joints. To keep the lubricant temperature in line, there's an oil-to-oil heat exchanger built into the bottom of the differential. Transmission fluid circulates through that heat exchanger and through the radiator to drop operating temps by more than . In addition, the engine is fitted with the same oil-to-coolant heat exchanger used in the Corvette ZR1. The ZL1 has a deeper oil pan, a longer pickup, and a higher-capacity pump than the SS.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The Camaro 2LS was introduced in 2012. Designed for better fuel economy using a slightly different gear ratio than other V6 automatics, this model was ostensibly the automatic transmission version of the original LS. The LS trim level was now divided into 1LS (manual transmission) and 2LS (automatic transmission) trims. In addition to the gearing differences, the 2LS automatic transmission did not have "Sport Mode," nor did it allow the driver to manually shift with the steering-wheel mounted paddle shifters. Instead, the vehicle goes into Electronic Range Select (2LS), which only allows the driver to choose the highest gear that the transmission will automatically upshift to.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The 2012 COPO Camaro (P/N 20129562) is a limited production version of the Camaro factory drag-racing cars designed for NHRA Stock Eliminator and Super Stock classes. It has a Powerglide automatic transmission with a choice of 3 engines (an LS7 7.0 L V8 or an LSX 5.3 L V8 with a 2.9 L supercharger or a LSX 5.3 L V8 with a 4.0 L Whipple supercharger). It also has a choice of 5 body colors (Flat Black, Summit White, Victory Red, Silver Ice Metallic and Ashen Gray Metallic), a solid rear axle, a full chrome moly roll cage, removal of sound deadening and power accessories, 2 racing bucket seats (deletion of rear seat), a safety harness for the driver, a competition floor shifter, Chevrolet Performance gauges, Bogart racing wheels and Hoosier Racing Tires.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: COPO graphics package includes color from the concept vehicle, but in Metallic White, Semi-Gloss Black, Inferno Orange Metallic and Chevy Racing Blue.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Collector's Package includes all three COPO racing engines serial-number-matched to the car, with one installed at the time of delivery.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The COPO Camaro went on sale via a confirmation letter to the registered buyer. Delivery began at the General Motors Performance Build Center in Wixom, Michigan, starting in Summer 2012. Only 69 units were made.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The COPO Camaro Convertible is a convertible variant of the COPO Camaro. It features a supercharged LSX 5.3 L V8 engine with a 4.0 L Whipple supercharger that has a power output of as well as a black or Inferno Orange Metallic body colour with additional custom graphics, special interior trim and a Turbo 400 three-speed automatic transmission. Two units were made which were numbered 68 and 69.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Car number 69 was unveiled at the 2012 SEMA show and was kept at the GM Heritage Center. Car number 69 went on sale at the 2013 Barrett-Jackson Scottsdale Auction in an American Heart Association charity lot.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: In the fall of 2011, a ZL1 completed a lap of the Nürburgring in 7:41.27, placing it in the same class as much more expensive cars like the Porsche 911 Turbo S, Lamborghini Murciélago LP640, and the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Production of the ZL1 for the 2012 model year amounted to 1,971 units. 99 were officially allocated for Canada.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The COPO Camaro models were built by hand starting with hardware from the Oshawa assembly plant, including the same "body in white" body shells racers can purchase from Chevrolet Performance.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: A 2012 COPO Camaro engine was built by Hendrick Motorsports owner and Hendrick Automotive Group chairman Rick Hendrick.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Among the 69 2012 COPO Camaros produced, 67 were coupes and 2 were convertibles, 43 cars were equipped with the 427 naturally aspirated engine (including the original proof of concept show car that debuted at the 2011 SEMA Show), 20 cars were equipped with the 327 / 4.0 L-supercharged engine, 6 cars were equipped with the 327 / 2.9 L-supercharged engine, 8 customers ordered the collector's package, 32 cars were painted Summit White (including the original show car), 20 cars were painted Black, 12 cars were painted Victory Red, 2 cars were painted Ashen Grey Metallic, 2 cars were painted Silver Ice Metallic, 1 car was painted Inferno Orange Metallic, 12 cars were ordered without COPO graphics.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The final 2012 COPO Camaro Convertible was sold at the 2013 Barrett-Jackson Scottsdale Auction for US$400,000.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Hot Wheels produced a collector's edition 1:64-scale model car based on the Camaro Hot Wheels Concept.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The 1LE package was offered on 1SS and 2SS coupe models, with an exclusive Tremec TR-6060/MM6 6-speed manual transmission with a standard air-to-liquid cooling system, 3.91 geared limited slip differential, exclusive monotube rear dampers, 27-mm solid front stabilizer bar, 28-mm solid rear stabilizer bar, higher-capacity rear-axle half shafts, strut tower brace, ZL1-based 20 x 10-inch front and 20 x 11-inch aluminum wheels, 285/35ZR20 Goodyear Eagle Supercar G:2 tires front and rear (identical to the front tires for ZL1), ZL1 wheel bearings, toe links and rear shock mounts; ZL1 high-capacity fuel pump and additional fuel pickups, matte black hood, black front splitter and rear spoiler, 10-spoke ZL1-based wheels; ZL1 flat-bottom steering wheel trimmed in sueded microfiber, short-throw shifter from the ZL1 trimmed in sueded microfiber.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The RS package (available for LT and SS models) added 20-inch wheels, body-color roof moldings and antenna and high-intensity discharge headlamps.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Changes to the SS models included standard variable-effort electric power steering, optional Recaro bucket seats, optional dual-mode exhaust system on manual transmission-equipped models. Both features were introduced on the Camaro ZL1.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Exterior colors include Summit White, Black, Crystal Red Tintcoat, Victory Red, Rally Yellow, Inferno Orange Metallic, Ashen Grey Metallic and Metallic. The convertible top color choices include black and beige.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The Camaro has a power output of when equipped with the 6 speed manual transmission, which reduced to when the car was equipped with the 6 speed automatic transmission.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Unveiled at the 2012 NASCAR Nationwide Series Practice at Indianapolis Motor Speedway, the NASCAR Nationwide Series Camaro coupe incorporated the unique power-bulge hood and deep recessed grille from the production Camaro. In addition, the design incorporates the distinctive halo light rings and dual-port grille appearances, and the gold bowtie.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Unveiled at the 2013 Tokyo Auto Salon, the Camaro Giovanna Edition is a variant of the Camaro LT RS and SS RS for the Japanese market. It was developed in collaboration with the owner of the Cadillac/Chevrolet dealership in Tokyo's Kunitachi suburb, with further input from noted Japanese journalist Tatsuya Kushima. It included a choice of 4 body colors (Silver Ice Metallic, Black, Rally Yellow (optional), Summit White), body stripe (original GT decal), fuel cap with Giovanna Edition Logo, front SS or RS emblem, rear Chevrolet bow tie decal, Giovanna Edition Logos on the head rests and door sill plates and Giovanna Wheel 20-inch aluminium wheels made by WTW Corp. It went on sale in March 2013.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Unveiled at the 2013 Chicago Auto Show, the "Turbo" Camaro Coupe is a concept car based on the Camaro coupé and inspired by the DreamWorks Turbo movie snail. Changes included lower rockers and fender flares in a wide body design configuration, a front splitter and rear diffuser, a GT concept rear spoiler, custom front and rear LED lighting with multicolor halo effect for the front headlamps, black body colour with a vinyl chrome wrap dark tinted to look like black chrome, 24x10-inch front wheels with a front wheel and custom offset, 24x15-inch rear wheels, a supercharged V8 engine mated to an automatic transmission having a power output of , a custom intake assembly for the supercharger housing, 2x2 5-inch diameter rear exhaust outlets, custom COPO hood assembly, low profile hood pin system, front suspension with custom adjustable coilover strut assemblies and rear suspension with custom adjustable rear springs and shock assemblies.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The Camaro Hot Wheels Special Edition is a special variant of the Camaro available in coupe and convertible body styles, with a choice of 2LT (V6) and 2SS (V8) trims with a ZL1 appearance package. Changes include:


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Japanese models went on sale in limited quantities (10 units in total), which included Kinetic Blue Metallic body colour, black 20-inch wheels, HOT WHEELS decal stripe, exclusive rear spoiler, front leather seats with HOT WHEELS embroidering, engine cover in black, premium floor mat and the LFX V6 engine.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The 2013 COPO Camaro is a limited production variant of the Camaro factory drag-racing cars designed for NHRA Stock Eliminator classes, with a new manual or Powerglide automatic transmission and a choice of 3 engines (a 350-cubic-inch engine rated at , a 396-cubic-inch engine rated at or a 427-cubic-inch engine rated at ). It also features a fuel-injection system, engine management from a Holley HP EFI electronic control unit with self-tuning fuel table strategies and data logging, Holley Hi-Ram intake manifold, rear axle gearing optimized for each vehicle depending on the engine and transmission, a 'heritage' grille and standard-production (non-HID) headlamps, new exterior graphics choices with engine-size call-outs, revised interior package with custom carpet and new switch panel, dedicated racing wiring harness, and revised front springs that enhance performance, transmission cooler integrated with radiator, choice of 5 body colors (Black, Summit White, Victory Red, Silver Ice Metallic and Ashen Gray Metallic), NHRA-approved roll cage and other safety equipment, racing chassis and suspension components (including a unique solid rear axle system in place of a regular-production Camaro's independent rear axle), lightweight Bogart racing wheels, Hoosier Racing Tires and a sequenced build serial number matched to the engine. The car is sold without a Vehicle identification number (VIN) though, and thus cannot be registered for highway use.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Engine Collector's Package includes all three COPO racing engines serial-number-matched to the car, with one installed at the time of delivery.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The special edition went on sale by signing up on the COPO Camaro Mailing List in February 2013, with randomly chosen buyers identified by March of the same year. Production began in April 2013, with deliveries starting in early Summer. Production amounted to a total of 69 units.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The 2013 COPO Camaro #041 was built by Richard Rawlings of Gas Monkey Garage and Dennis Collins of Collins Bros. Jeep at the Wixom plant. The vehicle was sold for US$137,500.00 (includes buyers commission) at 2013 Barrett-Jackson Reno auction. The production of the vehicle was featured in Fast N' Loud.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Changes for the 2014 model year include a redesigned front and rear end in corporative new head and tail light assembly, resulting in a wider, lower, more contemporary appearance, and a front fascia featuring a wider lower opening as well as a narrower upper opening that also updates the appearance of the iconic “halo ring” HID headlamps on the Camaro RS package. Other additions include a functional hood vent on the Camaro SS and optional Recaro seats with microfiber suede inserts for the SS and ZL1 packages. The Head-Up Display and Driver Information Center were also now in color display for the 2LT, 2SS and ZL1 models.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: US models of the 2014 Camaro arrived at Chevrolet dealers later in 2013. The Camaro Z/28 was expected to appear at track events across the United States in spring 2014.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: European Camaro convertible and coupé included new MyLink connected radio, and were set to arrive at Chevrolet dealerships at the end of 2013.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Unveiled at the 2013 New York Auto Show (in coupe form), followed by the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show (in convertible and coupe form), the Camaro Z/28 is a higher performance version Camaro with a full aerodynamic package designed for optimum performance during track driving. The package includes a large splitter connected to an underbody panel, fender flares over the front and rear wheels, extended rocker panels, redesigned rear spoiler and a functional diffuser. Other changes include interior trim in matte-metallic Octane finish, a flat-bottomed steering wheel, standard Recaro seats with microfiber suede inserts and manual adjustment, elimination of the seat-back pass through, high-density foam in place of the rigid structure of the seat back and steel mesh of the seat bottom, a 7.0 L LS7 V8 engine co-developed with Corvette Racing, racing-style cold-air induction system with large K&N air filter, standard dual mode exhaust system with larger-diameter pipes, Tremec TR-6060 6-speed manual transmission, limited-slip differential with a helical gear set, 19-inch diameter wheels with Pirelli P Zero Trofeo R 305/30ZR19 tires, Multimatic DSSV spool valve dampers, Brembo Carbon Ceramic Matrix brake discs (394 x 36 mm front and 390 x 32 mm), monoblock calipers (6-piston front, 4-piston rear), elimination of tire inflating kit (except for units sold in Rhode Island and New Hampshire), deletion of interior sound deadener and carpeting from the trunk, replacement of the standard LN4 battery with LN3 battery, replacement of the standard 3.5 mm glass with thinner 3.2 mm glass for the rear window, removal of HID headlamps and foglights and the removal of air conditioning (available as a stand-alone option).


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The Z/28 won the "Motor Trend"'s 2014 Best Driver's Car Award, beating the Alfa Romeo 4C, BMW i8, BMW M4, Nissan GT-R Nismo and five other cars.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Takara Tomy produced a self-transforming Camaro coupe under the Transformers Omnibot line, produced in association with Kenji Ishida of Brave Robotics. The toy was unveiled at the Tokyo Toy Show in 2013.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The Chevrolet Camaro Concept was designed by a South Korean-born designer Sangyup Lee. The car was based on the Holden developed GM Zeta platform. It was powered by a 6.0-liter LS2 V8 engine rated at with active fuel management. The engine was mated to a T56 6-speed manual transmission and the car was equipped with front and rear suspension featuring progressive-rate springs and gas-pressurized dampers, four-wheel vented disc brakes with 14-inch rotors, 21-inch front and 22-inch rear five-spoke cast alloy wheels, and 275/30R21 front and 305/30R22 rear tires. The wheelbase is , which is longer than its predecessor, but an overall length of just , shorter. The concept was inspired by the 1969 Camaro.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The 2007 Camaro Convertible Concept was announced on January 6, 2007 at the 2007 North American International Auto Show. Early speculation on the existence of the car by many automotive publications proved to be true when an early embargo was broken on January 4, 2007.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: At a glance it would seem that the only difference between the coupe and convertible concepts would be the roof and Hugger Orange pearl tri-coat paint job with a pair of dark gray racing stripes, but this was not the case. Besides the obvious convertible top, there were subtle changes to the exterior as well. Every surface was changed from the door-cut back. The rear fenderlines dropped off from the horizontal surface to the vertical surface a couple of inches farther out than on the coupe to maintain visual proportions. The rear spoiler was also reshaped. The front and rear wheels were redesigned and a thin orange line was applied to the outer edge, a nod to the redwalls available on the 1969 Camaro.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: There were many interior changes that were incorporated into the new concept. The retro houndstooth-pattern seats of the coupe were replaced with modern leather and orange stitching. The metal finishes, accent panels, and seats were all in different colors. The rear seats were closer together to make room for the tonneau cover. The clarity of the circular gauges in square frames were improved by making the faces white with black chrome numbers and a red anodized needle. The deep-dish three-spoke steering wheel and four-pack gauge cluster were carried over from the coupe concept. Chrome seat-belt buckles were designed to look like the iconic belts buckles in late 1960s GM automobiles. This reworked interior of the Camaro Convertible Concept was a very close representation of what would be seen in the production version of the vehicle.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: General Motors showed several concept variants of the production version of the Camaro on November 3, 2008 at the 2008 SEMA show.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The Camaro Black Concept featured a matte black hood, tinted glass, HID headlamps with red "halo rings," a darker grille, dark-tinted taillight lenses, and wheels with a darker finish. The interior also featured the same black theme as the exterior. It was powered by the V6 engine.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Inspired by the COPO Camaros of the late 1960s, the Camaro LS7 Concept was built from the 2010 Camaro SS with the LS3 engine replaced with a GM Performance Parts 7.0-liter LS7 crate motor having a power output of . The heritage of COPO's performance history was reflected with the inclusion of a high-performance exhaust and improved headers, air intake system, and camshaft—all developed by GM Performance Parts. Other modifications included a Tremec six-speed manual transmission, Brembo brakes, Hurst short-throw shifter, 20-inch custom wheels, and a lowered ride height. The exterior of the car was finished in Victory Red with accents of matte black on the "LS7" badges, front grille slot, rear headlight panel, and hood. The LS7 logo was repeated in Victory Red on top of the hood cowl. The interior had a matching color scheme with red panel trim on the doors, dash, and gages. Gloss black replaced every trim that came in silver in the final production Camaros, such as on the steering wheel, shifter knob, vent trimmings, and center console clusters.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The Camaro Dale Earnhardt Jr. Concept was produced with input from NASCAR Race driver Dale Earnhardt Jr. The Camaro started life in SS trim and was tuned to run on higher-octane E85 fuel. It featured a gray and white paint scheme with orange trim. Additional features included five-spoke wheels, a dovetail spoiler, alternate grille, and other official GM accessory modifications.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: A customized Camaro was built by GM for TV presenter Jay Leno, and is powered by the direct-injected V6 similar to the unit that resides in standard LS and LT models, but has an additional pair of Turbonetics T-3 turbochargers. The engine has a power output of with the help of a custom air-to-air intercooler that feeds 7 pounds of boost pressure into the engine. The extra performance is added with virtually no penalty in fuel economy. Besides the power upgrades, the vehicle also gets an upgraded Centerforce clutch and pressure plate for the six-speed manual transmission, an upgraded Be-Cool radiator, Brembo 6-piston brake package, a Pedders coil-over lowering kit, and a bodykit that includes a new rear diffuser as well as a revised front fascia and hood with additional vents for the brakes and engine.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The Synergy Concept Camaro was one of two concepts that showcased GM accessories that could be applied to the Camaro, previewing a new Synergy Green production exterior color which featured the latest in Camaro appearance accessories offered through Chevrolet dealers in 2009 and demonstrated the personalization possibilities that were open to Camaro owners. The Synergy Concept included Cyber Grey rally hood and rear deck stripes, new ground effects kit consisting of a new rear diffuser, a front spoiler, a new rear bumper with integrated exhaust system and a rear high wing. All accessories that were displayed on the concept Camaro were finished in the production Cyber Grey exterior color. The concept vehicle also included wheels with a black center finish and polished rim. The concept was further enhanced with a Pedders coil-over lowering kit and a set of large Brembo brakes. The interior is color-coordinated with Jet Black and Synergy Green accent stitching, piping, interior trim kit and green ambient lighting that run along the door panels and speedometers. The production version of the concept Camaro, the Synergy Special Edition would eventually be made available in February 2010 through May 2010 in limited numbers.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The Camaro Chroma Concept is based on an LS3 SS/RS model in Summit White and uses a combination of accessory components that showcased future GM accessories for the Camaro which would become available during the 2011 model year. The Chroma concept was the preliminary design of what would become later known as the "Synergy Series Camaro" that would debut at the 2010 SEMA Show. The accessories package included a new silver stripe package, wheels with silver-painted spoke centers with a Victory Red stripe painted along the edge of the wheel, "Blade” rear spoiler, color-matching ground effects package, rear fender vent graphics, and "Heritage" front grill with body-color outer frame. The interior comes with black and gray leather seats which feature red accent stitching that is also applied to the steering wheel and shifter boot that is surrounding a Hurst short-throw shifter as well as an interior trim kit painted in Silver Ice that incorporates the door panels and dash trim. Mechanically, the car is equipped with a combination of General Motor Performance Parts off-road shorty headers, Pedders' suspension kit, off-road exhaust and Brembo Calipers painted in Victory Red.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The Camaro Dusk Concept offers a contemporary tuner aesthetic featuring an aggressive look, a lowered ride height, BBS wheels, the rear spoiler from an SS model and a custom ground effects package. The ground effects package includes a front splitter, rocker extensions, and a rear diffuser. The car is painted in Berlin Blue while the ground effects are painted a contrasting color. GM added a new exhaust system and Brembo brakes from a Camaro SS. The interior is trimmed in Jet Black and Sedona. Other interior features including footwell lighting and premium door sill plates. The concept also features advanced technology and premium audio options such as a Boston Acoustics sound system, WiFi connectivity, and cradle for an iPhone.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Chevrolet launched a graphics campaign in October 2009 asking Camaro enthusiasts to vote for their favorite design from several accessory graphics packages. The top four designs were produced and brought to the SEMA Show. The Camaro Graphics Concept wore those designs in different days. When the convention ended, another round of voting would be conducted and the winner was considered for future production. Brent Dewar, vice president of Chevrolet, said that "Camaro has thousands of fans on the social media sites and that this is one way for the company to stay connected to its customers."


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Unveiled at the 2010 SEMA show, the Camaro SSX concept car is a variant of the Camaro SS converted into a closed-course track car, built to showcase new performance parts. The car was developed with input from Pratt and Miller, Chevrolet's partner in Corvette Racing, and Riley Technologies using parts proven in the Grand Am racing series.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Changes over the standard Camaro SS included low-gloss Icy White Metallic body color with red accents and door graphics, carbon fiber hood, fenders, door and deck lid; exposed carbon fiber front splitter, rockers and adjustable rear wing; unique lower grille and brake ducts, removal of carpeting, sound deadening and rear seats; Ace suede-covered racing steering wheel and shifter, SCCA-approved roll cage and window net, racing driver's seat with five-point harness, racing pedals, fire suppression system, racing fuel cell, a video camera system mounted on the roll cage, the LS3 6.2 L V8 engine enhanced with Chevrolet Performance Parts' camshaft, cylinder heads and dry-sump oiling system; six-speed manual transmission equipped with a twin-disc clutch shared with the Corvette ZR1, low-restriction air induction and exhaust systems, 4-wheel disc racing braking system with six-piston front/four-piston rear calipers with drilled and slotted rotors, modified production suspension with Pfadt licensed components and 20-inch racing wheels and tires.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The car received two awards at SEMA: The SEMA Award: Hottest Car and the Gran Turismo Award: Best Domestic.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The COPO Camaro Concept is a factory-built Stock Eliminator race car and the spiritual successor to the legendary special-order models from 1969, with provisions for two engine configurations (7.0 L LS7 or 5.3 L LS9), provisions for 3 transmission types (Powerglide two-speed automatic, 3-speed automatic, 5-speed manual), high-rise cowl-induction hood, custom Aeromotive fuel system with a fuel cell and integral high-pressure fuel pump, full chromoly roll cage, coil-over front suspension with Strange Engineering adjustable struts, custom rear suspension based on NHRA requirements (Strange Engineering shocks, Panhard bar and stabilizer bar), Strange Engineering S-9 solid rear axle (aluminum third member, 35-spline spool, 35-spline axles and 4.10 gear set), COPO-specific racing wheels, 29x9-inch rear radial racing slicks and 4.5x28x15-inch front tires, manual steering system, Strange Engineering lightweight racing brakes system with standard line lock, removal of sound deadening and power accessories, 2 racing bucket seats (and deletion of the rear seat), a safety harness for the driver, a competition floor shifter and Chevrolet Performance gauges by Auto Meter.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The Camaro Hot Wheels Concept is a concept vehicle based on the Camaro SS coupe with a Tremec TR-6060 six-speed manual transmission, inspired by the "Custom Camaro" 1/64-scale model that was part of the original Hot Wheels collection released in 1968. It was designed by General Motors' Design studio in Michigan and the Hot Wheels Design studio in California. Changes include Over Chrome Green body colour (created using Gold Touch Inc.'s Cosmichrome product) with ghosted Hot Wheels logo on the quarter panels, Satin black ground effects (splitter, rocker and rear fascia-side extensions), Satin black wheels with milled face and Torch Red stripe: 20x10-inch (front) and 20x11-inch (rear), ZL1 grille with Hot Wheels badging, Hot Wheels badge on the decklid, Euro-style taillamps with new inner smoked lens, Euro-style rear fascia with new diffuser and exhaust bezels, ZL1 rear spoiler, Chevrolet Accessories Modified Satin Black Stripe, black aluminum "CAMARO" fender badges with milled face, black aluminum hood insert with milled hood vent extractors, Chevrolet Accessories Synergy Series gill decals, Black leather-wrapped IP and door inserts with Torch Red accents, and cut-and-sew flames; Hot Wheels sill plates, Hot Wheels cut-and-sew embroidered logos in the front seatbacks, Chevrolet Accessories pedal kit, Chevrolet Accessories footwell and cup holder lighting (red), Brembo brakes: six-piston front with two-piece rotors and four-piston calipers, suspension lowering kit by Pedders Chevrolet Accessories strut tower brace, Chevrolet Accessories black engine cover, Chevrolet Accessories exhaust system.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The Camaro Red Zone Concept is a version of the 2012 Camaro designed by Adam Barry. It features a black convertible tonneau cover, Chevrolet Accessories 21x8.5-inch silver/polished-face wheels, silver heritage stripe, Chevrolet Accessories body-color grille and convertible wind screen, suspension lowering kit by Pedders, concept polished strut tower brace, concept "RS" underhood liner, Titanium leather interior with Silver Ice accents, Black soft instrument panel insert, Chevrolet Accessories Silver Ice door and instrument panel inserts and Chevrolet Accessories floor mats with silver "CAMARO" logos.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The Camaro Synergy Series Concept is a version of the Camaro with Silver Ice body color with black Synergy stripes on the hood, with decklid and "mail slot" decals with red line inserts; Synergy gill decals and no SS or RS exterior badges, Chevrolet Accessories body-color ground effects and grille, Chevrolet Accessories 21-inch wheels in black with red stripe, Suspension lowering kit by Pedders (Chevrolet Official Licensed Product), red Brembo brake calipers, Chevrolet Accessories red engine cover, Concept "SS" underhood liner, Concept polished strut tower brace, Chevrolet Accessories floor mats (ebony with red and "CAMARO" logo in silver), Chevrolet Accessories lighting kit (displayed in red), Hurst short-throw shifter, Black leather interior with red accent stitching on seats, console, doors, steering wheel and shifter boot; Silver Ice instrument panel and door inserts, Black leather instrument panel soft insert with red stitching, SS logo with red outline on the head restraints and Chevrolet Accessories pedal kit.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The Camaro 1LE Concept is a version of the Camaro featuring production components from both the Camaro SS and the (then forthcoming) Camaro ZL1, with Victory Red body color, flat black hood and hash mark extensions, satin black splitter, rocker panels, rear spoiler and outside mirrors; sport suspension featuring Magnetic Ride Control, electric power steering, six-speed manual close-ratio transmission, 20x10-inch (front) and 20x11-inch (rear) racing wheels (in satin black), Goodyear Eagle F1 Supercar G asymmetrical tires (from the ZL1), Brembo six-piston front calipers with two-piece front rotors and four-piston rear calipers (Chevrolet Official Licensed Product), dual exhaust outlets with ZL1-style active exhaust and diffuser, shock tower brace, Chevrolet Accessories red engine cover, Black leather interior with Light Stone stitching, Graphite Silver door and instrument panel inserts, ZL1 shifter with Light Stone stitching, ZL1 flat-bottom steering wheel and Chevrolet Accessories pedal kit.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Camaro ZL1 Carbon Concept is a version of Camaro ZL1 with Ashen Gray body colour, Chevrolet Accessories exposed-weave carbon fiber "Mohawk" hood insert, Carbon fiber rear spoiler with stainless-steel wicker bill, Carbon fiber inserts on the interior door and instrument panel, 20x10-inch (front) and 20x11-inch (rear) wheels in satin black with machined faces, Brembo six-piston front calipers with two-piece front rotors and four-piston rear calipers (Chevrolet Official Licensed Product), Magnetic Ride Control, dual exhaust outlets with active exhaust and diffuser, Jet Black leather interior with sueded microfiber seat inserts and Torch Red stitching, ZL1 short-throw shifter with suede and carbon fiber-trimmed shift knob and Suede-trimmed flat-bottom steering wheel and ZL1 pedals.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Chevrolet built a special version of the Camaro ZL1 coupe designed in association with Chevrolet Design Manager Dave Ross for NASCAR driver Tony Stewart. It features a custom gray metallic body colour accented with tribal and Smoke graphics in flat red and silver pinstripes, tinted headlamp lenses with red halo lighting, custom wheels with a Piano Black finish and red accents, Jet Black leather seats with suede inserts and scarlet accent stitching, embroidered Tony Stewart signatures on the seats, suede leather door panel inserts and instrument panel wrapping with laser-etched details, Jet Black leather door armrests with French stitching and white piping, Jet Black suede leather-wrapped steering wheel with scarlet accent stitching, Piano Black trim plates and a custom gauge cluster bezel.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The Camaro ZL1 Touring Convertible concept is a Camaro ZL1 convertible with green exterior color, 10-spoke Chevrolet Accessories wheels with liquid metal finish and milled faces, windshield header frame, taillamp bezels and exterior badges with liquid metal finish; matte black splitter and rockers, matte black upper fascia blackout, polished shock tower brace under the hood, ebony leather seats with Mojave perforated leather inserts and light Mojave stitching, Mojave leather-wrapped armrests, leather shift knob and console lid with Mojave stitching, Chevrolet Accessories Ice Blue interior lighting kit, ZL1-logo premium floor mats and sill plates.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The Camaro Performance V8 concept is a black Camaro SS with Chevrolet Performance ZL1 rear differential kit, 5.1-ratio short-throw shifter, shock tower brace with white Camaro graphic, Camaro 1LE suspension kit, Camaro ZL1 brake conversion kit, concept dual-mode exhaust system, Camaro ZL1 rockers and rear lower diffuser, Camaro Dusk front splitter, upper front fascia blackout graphic, hood and decklid graphics in red metallic, Chevrolet Accessories black blade rear spoiler, heritage grille and 'gill' graphics, Chevrolet Accessories 20x10-inch (front) and 20x11-inch (rear) five-spoke black wheels with polished 'fangs', Camaro ZL1 black suede seat inserts with Jet Black leather seats; Torch Red stitching and carbon fiber-material bolsters, red suede stripe on the driver's seatback, Camaro ZL1 flat-bottom steering wheel with carbon fiber trim, Camaro ZL1 suede shift knob with 5.1 badge, leather carbon fiber-material-wrapped instrument panel and door inserts, suede-wrapped soft instrument panel insert, Chevrolet Accessories lighting package, pedal covers and Camaro-logo premium floor mats; Concept Chevrolet Performance embroidered console lid and sill plates and production RS gauge package.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The Camaro Performance V6 concept includes a LFX V6 engine, ZL1 Brake Conversion Kit, Camaro 1LE suspension kit, rear differential from the Camaro 1LE, Summit White body colour, Chevrolet Performance shock tower brace, Camaro ZL1 dual-mode exhaust system and rear diffuser, Camaro convertible rear spoiler in matte black, Chevrolet Accessories heritage grille painted matte black, Camaro Dusk front splitter in matte black, upper front fascia blackout graphic, matte black hood wrap with exposed Summit White stripe, Chevrolet Accessories 20x10-inch (front) and 20x11-inch (rear) 10-spoke black wheels with milled faces, Summit White door panel and instrument panel inserts, Chevrolet Accessories lighting package, pedal covers and Camaro-logo premium floor mats; Concept Chevrolet Performance embroidered console lid and sill plates, Concept Chevrolet Performance logo on the instrument panel insert and production RS gauge package.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The Camaro GS Racecar Concept design was inspired by Mark Donohue's blue-and-yellow Trans Am Series Camaro. It features a carbon fiber hood, trunk lid, doors and fenders to keep weight down and is powered by an LS3 V8 engine mated to a Tremec TR-6060 six-speed manual transmission. Additional racing modifications included a exhaust with Coast Fab mufflers, C&R racing aluminum radiator, and coolers for the engine oil, transmission, and differential. It was designed for use in the KONI Challenge Series.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: Stevenson Motorsports entered two Camaros in the Continental Challenge Gran Sport class. They entered one Camaro in the 2009 race at Virginia International Raceway. It was driven by Jeff Bucknum and David Donohue, sons of Ronnie Bucknum and Mark Donohue. Ronnie and Mark were the drivers of the original Trans Am Camaro. John Stevenson confirmed during the Montreal round of the 2009 Rolex Sports Car Series season that Pratt & Miller are working on GT Camaros to replace the Pontiac GXP.R. Stevenson Motorsports will be entering Camaros in the 2010 Rolex Sports Car Series season. The drivers would be Andrew Davis, Robin Liddell, and Jan Magnussen for the #57 car and Mike Borkowski and Gunter Schaldach for the #97 car.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: TC Motorsports entered two Camaros in the Continental Challenge for the 2010 season. Also entered is the aforementioned Sunoco Camaro, which debuted in the final round of the 2009 season.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: NASCAR used the 5th Gen Camaro body in the NASCAR Xfinity Series from 2013 until 2017, before switching to a body that resembled the 6th Gen Camaro. The Camaro debut in the then called NASCAR Nationwide Series beginning in 2011, and it had success. They notably won a championship in 2014 with young talent, Chase Elliott.


title: Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)

text: The Camaro coupe started participating in the NASCAR Nationwide Series beginning in the 2013 season. The Camaro ZL1 started participating in the 2018 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, replacing the Chevrolet SS.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: Broadway () is a road in the U.S. state of New York. Broadway runs from State Street at Bowling Green for through the borough of Manhattan and through the Bronx, exiting north from New York City to run an additional through the Westchester County municipalities of Yonkers, Hastings-On-Hudson, Dobbs Ferry, Irvington, and Tarrytown, and terminating north of Sleepy Hollow.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: It is the oldest north–south main thoroughfare in New York City, with much of the current street beginning as the Wickquasgeck trail before the arrival of Europeans. This formed the basis for one of the primary thoroughfares of the Dutch New Amsterdam colony, which continued under British rule, although most of it did not bear its current name until the late 19th century.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: Broadway in Manhattan is known widely as the heart of the American commercial theatrical industry, and is used as a metonym for it, as well as in the names of alternative theatrical ventures such as Off-Broadway and Off-off-Broadway.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: Broadway was originally the Wickquasgeck trail, carved into the brush of Manhattan by its Native American inhabitants. This trail originally snaked through swamps and rocks along the length of Manhattan Island.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: Upon the arrival of the Dutch, the trail was widened and soon became the main road through the island from "Nieuw Amsterdam" at the southern tip. The Dutch explorer and entrepreneur David Pietersz. de Vries gives the first mention of it in his journal for the year 1642 ("the Wickquasgeck Road over which the Indians passed daily"). The Dutch called it the "Heeren Wegh" or "Heeren Straat", meaning "Gentlemen's Way" or "Gentlemen's Street" – echoing the name of a similar street in Amsterdam – or "High Street" or "the Highway"; it was renamed "Broadway" after the British took over the city, because of its unusual width. Although currently the name of the street is simply "Broadway", in a 1776 map of New York City, it is labeled as "Broadway Street".


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: In the 18th century, Broadway ended at the town commons north of Wall Street. The part of Broadway in what is now lower Manhattan was known as "Great George Street". Traffic continued up the East Side of the island via Eastern Post Road and the West Side via Bloomingdale Road. The latter, which opened in 1703, continued up to 117th Street and contributed to the development of the modern Upper West Side into an upscale area with mansions.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: In her 1832 book "Domestic Manners of the Americans", Fanny Trollope wrote of her impressions of New York City in general and of Broadway in particular:


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: This noble street may vie with any I ever saw, for its length and breadth, its handsome shops, neat awnings, excellent "trottoir", and well-dressed pedestrians. It has not the crowded glitter of Bond Street equipages, nor the gorgeous fronted palaces of Regent Street; but it is magnificent in its extent, and ornamented by several handsome buildings, some of them surrounded by grass and trees.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: In 1868, Bloomingdale Road between 59th Street (at the Grand Circle, now Columbus Circle) and 155th Streets would be paved and widened, becoming an avenue with landscaped medians. It was called "Western Boulevard" or "The Boulevard". An 1897 official map of the city shows a segment of what is now Broadway as "Kingsbridge Road" in the vicinity of Washington Heights.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: On February 14, 1899, the name "Broadway" was extended to the entire Broadway / Bloomingdale / Boulevard / Kingsbridge complex.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: In the 20th century, a 30-block stretch of Broadway, extending mainly between Times Square at 42nd Street and Sherman Square at 72nd Street, formed part of Manhattan's "Automobile Row". Before the first decade of the 20th century, the area was occupied mostly by equestrian industries and was "thoroughly lifeless", but by 1907, "The New York Times" characterized this section of Broadway as having "almost a solid line of motor vehicle signs all the way from Times Square to Sherman Square". In the late 1900s and early 1910s, several large automobile showrooms, stores, and garages were built on Broadway, including the U.S. Rubber Company Building at 58th Street, the B.F. Goodrich showroom at 1780 Broadway (between 58th and 57th Streets), the Fisk Building at 250 West 57th Street, and the Demarest and Peerless Buildings at 224 West 57th Street.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: Broadway once was a two-way street for its entire length. The present status, in which it runs one-way southbound south of Columbus Circle (59th Street), came about in several stages. On June 6, 1954, Seventh Avenue became southbound and Eighth Avenue became northbound south of Broadway. None of Broadway became one-way, but the increased southbound traffic between Columbus Circle (Eighth Avenue) and Times Square (Seventh Avenue) caused the city to re-stripe that section of Broadway for four southbound and two northbound lanes. Broadway became one-way from Columbus Circle south to Herald Square (34th Street) on March 10, 1957, in conjunction with Sixth Avenue becoming one-way from Herald Square north to 59th Street and Seventh Avenue becoming one-way from 59th Street south to Times Square (where it crosses Broadway). On June 3, 1962, Broadway became one-way south of Canal Street, with Trinity Place and Church Street carrying northbound traffic.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: Another change was made on November 10, 1963, when Broadway became one-way southbound from Herald Square to Madison Square (23rd Street) and Union Square (14th Street) to Canal Street, and two routes – Sixth Avenue south of Herald Square and Centre Street, Lafayette Street, and Fourth Avenue south of Union Square – became one-way northbound. Finally, at the same time as Madison Avenue became one-way northbound and Fifth Avenue became one-way southbound, Broadway was made one-way southbound between Madison Square (where Fifth Avenue crosses) and Union Square on January 14, 1966, completing its conversion south of Columbus Circle.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: In 2001, a one-block section of Broadway between 72nd Street and 73rd Street at Verdi Square was reconfigured. Its easternmost lanes, which formerly hosted northbound traffic, were turned into a public park when a new subway entrance for the 72nd Street station was built in the exact location of these lanes. Northbound traffic on Broadway is now channeled onto Amsterdam Avenue to 73rd Street, makes a left turn on the three-lane 73rd Street, and then a right turn on Broadway shortly afterward.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: In August 2008, two traffic lanes from 42nd to 35th Streets were taken out of service and converted to public plazas. Additionally, bike lanes were added on Broadway from 42nd Street down to Union Square.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: Since May 2009, the portions of Broadway through Duffy Square, Times Square, and Herald Square have been closed entirely to automobile traffic, except for cross traffic on the Streets and Avenues, as part of a traffic and pedestrianization experiment, with the pavement reserved exclusively for walkers, cyclists, and those lounging in temporary seating placed by the city. The city decided that the experiment was successful, and decided to make the change permanent in February 2010. Though the anticipated benefits to traffic flow were not as large as hoped, pedestrian injuries dropped dramatically and foot traffic increased in the designated areas; the project was popular with both residents and businesses. The current portions converted into pedestrian plazas are between West 47th Street and West 42nd Street within Times and Duffy Squares, and between West 35th Street and West 33rd Street in the Herald Square area. Additionally, portions of Broadway in the Madison Square and Union Square have been dramatically narrowed, allowing ample pedestrian plazas to exist along the side of the road.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: In May 2010 somebody tried to set off a bomb on Broadway in Time Square. The bomb was in an illegally parked 4WD. Shopkeepers and others people notified a mounted police officer who then inspected the vehicle. The officer noticed that there was smoke and explosives. He immediately called for assistance and the street was evacuated.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: In May 2013, the NYCDOT decided to redesign Broadway between 35th and 42nd Streets for the second time in five years, owing to poor connections between pedestrian plazas and decreased vehicular traffic. With the new redesign, the bike lane is now on the right side of the street; it was formerly on the left side adjacent to the pedestrian plazas, causing conflicts between pedestrian and bicycle traffic.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: In spring 2017, as part of a capital reconstruction of Worth Square, Broadway between 24th and 25th Street was converted to a "shared street" where through vehicles are banned and delivery vehicles are restricted to . Delivery vehicles go northbound from Fifth Avenue to 25th Street for that one block, reversing the direction of traffic and preventing vehicles from going south on Broadway south of 25th Street. The capital project expands on a 2008 initiative where part of the intersection of Broadway and Fifth Avenue was repurposed into a public plaza, simplifying that intersection. As part of the 2017 project, Worth Square was expanded, converting the adjoining block of Broadway into a "shared street".


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: In September 2019, the pedestrian space in the Herald Square area got expanded between West 33rd Street and West 32nd Street alongside the Greeley Square Park.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: Broadway runs the length of Manhattan Island, roughly parallel to the North River (the portion of the Hudson River bordering Manhattan), from Bowling Green at the south to Inwood at the northern tip of the island. South of Columbus Circle, it is a one-way southbound street. Since 2009, vehicular traffic has been banned at Times Square between 47th and 42nd Streets, and at Herald Square between 35th and 33rd Streets as part of a pilot program; the right-of-way is intact and reserved for cyclists and pedestrians. From the northern shore of Manhattan, Broadway crosses Spuyten Duyvil Creek via the Broadway Bridge and continues through Marble Hill (a discontiguous portion of the borough of Manhattan) and the Bronx into Westchester County. U.S. 9 continues to be known as Broadway until its junction with NY 117.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: The section of lower Broadway from its origin at Bowling Green to City Hall Park is the historical location for the city's ticker-tape parades, and is sometimes called the "Canyon of Heroes" during such events. West of Broadway, as far as Canal Street, was the city's fashionable residential area until circa 1825; landfill has more than tripled the area, and the Hudson River shore now lies far to the west, beyond Tribeca and Battery Park City.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: Broadway marks the boundary between Greenwich Village to the west and the East Village to the east, passing Astor Place. It is a short walk from there to New York University near Washington Square Park, which is at the foot of Fifth Avenue. A bend in front of Grace Church allegedly avoids an earlier tavern; from 10th Street it begins its long diagonal course across Manhattan, headed almost due north.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: Because Broadway preceded the grid that the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 imposed on the island, Broadway crosses midtown Manhattan diagonally, intersecting with both the east–west streets and north–south avenues. Broadway's intersections with avenues, marked by "squares" (some merely triangular slivers of open space), have induced some interesting architecture, such as the Flatiron Building.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: At Union Square, Broadway crosses 14th Street, merges with Fourth Avenue, and continues its diagonal uptown course from the Square's northwest corner; Union Square is the only location wherein the physical section of Broadway is discontinuous in Manhattan (other portions of Broadway in Manhattan are pedestrian-only plazas). At Madison Square, the location of the Flatiron Building, Broadway crosses Fifth Avenue at 23rd Street, and is discontinuous to vehicles for a one-block stretch between 24th and 25th Streets. At Greeley Square (West 32nd Street), Broadway crosses Sixth Avenue (Avenue of the Americas), and is discontinuous to vehicles until West 35th Street. Macy's Herald Square department store, one block north of the vehicular discontinuity, is located on the northwest corner of Broadway and West 34th Street and southwest corner of Broadway and West 35th Street; it is one of the largest department stores in the world.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: One famous stretch near Times Square, where Broadway crosses Seventh Avenue in midtown Manhattan, is the home of many Broadway theatres, housing an ever-changing array of commercial, large-scale plays, particularly musicals. This area of Manhattan is often called the Theater District or the Great White Way, a nickname originating in the headline "Found on the Great White Way" in the February 3, 1902, edition of the "New York Evening Telegram". The journalistic nickname was inspired by the millions of lights on theater marquees and billboard advertisements that illuminate the area. After becoming the city's de facto red-light district in the 1960s and 1970s (as can be seen in the films "Taxi Driver" and "Midnight Cowboy"), since the late 1980s Times Square has emerged as a family tourist center, in effect being Disneyfied following the company's purchase and renovation of the New Amsterdam Theatre on 42nd Street in 1993.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: "The New York Times", from which the Square gets its name, was published at offices at 239 West 43rd Street; the paper stopped printing papers there on June 15, 2007.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: At the southwest corner of Central Park, Broadway crosses Eighth Avenue (called Central Park West north of 59th Street) at West 59th Street and Columbus Circle; on the site of the former New York Coliseum convention center is the new shopping center at the foot of the Time Warner Center, headquarters of Time Warner. From Columbus Circle northward, Broadway becomes a wide boulevard to 169th Street; it retains landscaped center islands that separate northbound from southbound traffic. The medians are a vestige of the central mall of "The Boulevard" that had become the spine of the Upper West Side, and many of these contain public seating.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: Broadway intersects with Columbus Avenue (known as Ninth Avenue south of West 59th Street) at West 65th and 66th Streets where the Juilliard School and Lincoln Center, both well-known performing arts landmarks, as well as the Manhattan New York Temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints are located.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: Between West 70th and 73rd Streets, Broadway intersects with Amsterdam Avenue (known as 10th Avenue south of West 59th Street). The wide intersection of the two thoroughfares has historically been the site of numerous traffic accidents and pedestrian casualties, partly due to the long crosswalks. Two small triangular plots of land were created at points where Broadway slices through Amsterdam Avenue. One is a tiny fenced-in patch of shrubbery and plants at West 70th Street called Sherman Square (although it and the surrounding intersection have also been known collectively as Sherman Square), and the other triangle is a lush tree-filled garden bordering Amsterdam Avenue from just above West 72nd Street to West 73rd Street. Named Verdi Square in 1921 for its monument to Italian composer Giuseppe Verdi, which was erected in 1909, this triangular sliver of public space was designated a Scenic Landmark by the Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1974, one of nine city parks that have received the designation. In the 1960s and 1970s, the area surrounding both Verdi Square and Sherman Square was known by local drug users and dealers as "Needle Park", and was featured prominently in the gritty 1971 dramatic film "The Panic in Needle Park", directed by Jerry Schatzberg and starring Al Pacino in his second onscreen role.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: The original brick and stone shelter leading to the entrance of the 72nd Street subway station, one of the first 28 subway stations in Manhattan, remains located on one of the wide islands in the center of Broadway, on the south side of West 72nd Street. For many years, all traffic on Broadway flowed on either side of this median and its subway entrance, and its uptown lanes went past it along the western edge of triangular Verdi Square. In 2001 and 2002, renovation of the historic 72nd Street station and the addition of a second subway control house and passenger shelter on an adjacent center median just north of 72nd Street, across from the original building, resulted in the creation of a public plaza with stone pavers and extensive seating, connecting the newer building with Verdi Square, and making it necessary to divert northbound traffic to Amsterdam Avenue for one block. While Broadway's southbound lanes at this intersection were unaffected by the new construction, its northbound lanes are no longer contiguous at this intersection. Drivers can either continue along Amsterdam Avenue to head uptown or turn left on West 73rd Street to resume traveling on Broadway.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: Several notable apartment buildings are in close proximity to this intersection, including The Ansonia, its ornate architecture dominating the cityscape here. After the Ansonia first opened as a hotel, live seals were kept in indoor fountains inside its lobby. Later, it was home to the infamous Plato's Retreat nightclub. Immediately north of Verdi Square is the formidable Apple Bank for Savings building, formerly the Central Savings Bank, which was built in 1926 and designed to resemble the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Broadway is also home to the Beacon Theatre at West 74th Street, designated a national landmark in 1979 and still in operation as a concert venue after its establishment in 1929 as a vaudeville and music hall, and "sister" venue to Radio City Music Hall.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: At its intersection with West 78th Street, Broadway shifts direction and continues directly uptown and aligned approximately with the Commissioners' grid. Past the bend are the historic Apthorp apartment building, built in 1908, and the First Baptist Church in the City of New York, incorporated in New York in 1762, its current building on Broadway erected in 1891. The road heads north and passes historically important apartment houses such as the Belnord, the Astor Court Building, and the Art Nouveau Cornwall.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: At Broadway and 95th Street is Symphony Space, established in 1978 as home to avant-garde and classical music and dance performances in the former Symphony Theatre, which was originally built in 1918 as a premier "music and motion-picture house". At 99th Street, Broadway passes between the controversial skyscrapers of the Ariel East and West.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: At 107th Street, Broadway merges with West End Avenue, with the intersection forming Straus Park with its Titanic Memorial by Augustus Lukeman.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: Broadway then passes the campus of Columbia University at 116th Street in Morningside Heights, in part on the tract that housed the Bloomingdale Insane Asylum from 1808 until it moved to Westchester County in 1894. Still in Morningside Heights, Broadway passes the park-like campus of Barnard College. Next, the Gothic quadrangle of Union Theological Seminary, and the brick buildings of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America with their landscaped interior courtyards, face one another across Broadway. On the next block is the Manhattan School of Music.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: Broadway then runs past the Manhattanville campus of Columbia University, and the main campus of CUNY–City College near 135th Street; the Gothic buildings of the original City College campus are out of sight, a block to the east. Also to the east are the brownstones of Hamilton Heights. Hamilton Place is a surviving section of Bloomingdale Road, and originally the address of Alexander Hamilton's house, The Grange, which has been moved.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: Broadway achieves a verdant, park-like effect, particularly in the spring, when it runs between the uptown Trinity Church Cemetery and the former Trinity Chapel, now the Church of the Intercession near 155th Street.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital lies on Broadway near 166th, 167th, and 168th Streets in Washington Heights. The intersection with St. Nicholas Avenue at 167th Street forms Mitchell Square Park. At 178th Street, U.S. 9 becomes concurrent with Broadway.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: Broadway crosses the Harlem River on the Broadway Bridge to Marble Hill. Afterward, it then enters the Bronx, where it is the eastern border of Riverdale and the western border of Van Cortlandt Park. At 253rd Street, NY 9A joins with U.S. 9 and Broadway. (NY 9A splits off Broadway at Ashburton Avenue in Yonkers.)


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: The northwestern corner of the park marks the New York City limit and Broadway enters Westchester County in Yonkers, where it is now known as South Broadway. It trends ever westward, closer to the Hudson River, remaining a busy urban commercial street. In downtown Yonkers, it drops close to the river, becomes North Broadway and 9A leaves via Ashburton Avenue. Broadway climbs to the nearby ridgetop runs parallel to the river and the railroad, a few blocks east of both as it passes St. John's Riverside Hospital. The neighborhoods become more residential and the road gently undulates along the ridgetop. In Yonkers, Broadway passes the historic Philipse Manor house, which dates back to colonial times.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: It remains Broadway as it leaves Yonkers for Hastings-on-Hudson, where it splits into separate north and south routes for . The trees become taller and the houses, many separated from the road by stone fences, become larger. Another National Historic Landmark, the John William Draper House, was the site of the first astrophotograph of the Moon.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: In the next village, Dobbs Ferry, Broadway has various views of the Hudson River while passing through the residential section. Broadway passes by the Old Croton Aqueduct and nearby the shopping district of the village. After intersecting with Ashford Avenue, Broadway passes Mercy College, then turns left again at the center of town just past South Presbyterian Church, headed for equally comfortable Ardsley-on-Hudson and Irvington. Villa Lewaro, the home of Madam C. J. Walker, the first African-American millionaire, is along the highway here. At the north end of the village of Irvington, a memorial to writer Washington Irving, after whom the village was renamed, marks the turnoff to his home at Sunnyside. Entering into the southern portion of Tarrytown, Broadway passes by historic Lyndhurst mansion, a massive mansion built along the Hudson River built in the early 1800s.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: North of here, at the Kraft Foods technical center, the Tappan Zee Bridge becomes visible. After crossing under the Thruway and I-87 again, here concurrent with I-287, and then intersecting with the four-lane NY 119, where 119 splits off to the east, Broadway becomes the busy main street of Tarrytown. Christ Episcopal Church, where Irving worshiped, is along the street. Many high-quality restaurants and shops are along this main road. This downtown ends at the eastern terminus of NY 448, where Broadway slopes off to the left, downhill, and four signs indicate that Broadway turns left, passing the Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow, another NHL. The road then enters Sleepy Hollow (formerly North Tarrytown), passing the visitors' center for Kykuit, the National Historic Landmark that was (and partially still is) the Rockefeller family's estate. Broadway then passes the historic Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, which includes the resting place of Washington Irving and the setting for "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow".


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: Broadway expands to four lanes at the trumpet intersection with NY 117, where it finally ends and U.S. 9 becomes Albany Post Road (and Highland Avenue) at the northern border of Sleepy Hollow, New York.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: "Canyon of Heroes" is occasionally used to refer to the section of lower Broadway in the Financial District that is the location of the city's ticker-tape parades. The traditional route of the parade is northward from Bowling Green to City Hall Park. Most of the route is lined with tall office buildings along both sides, affording a view of the parade for thousands of office workers who create the snowstorm-like jettison of shredded paper products that characterize the parade.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: While typical sports championship parades have been showered with some 50 tons of confetti and shredded paper, the V-J Day parade on August 14–15, 1945 – marking the end of World War II – was covered with 5,438 tons of paper, based on estimates provided by the New York City Department of Sanitation.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: More than 200 black granite strips embedded in the sidewalks along the Canyon of Heroes list honorees of past ticker-tape parades.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: "The Great White Way" is a nickname for a section of Broadway in Midtown Manhattan, specifically the portion that encompasses the Theater District, between 42nd and 53rd Streets, and encompassing Times Square.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: In 1880, a stretch of Broadway between Union Square and Madison Square was illuminated by Brush arc lamps, making it among the first electrically lighted streets in the United States. By the 1890s, the portion from 23rd Street to 34th Street was so brightly illuminated by electrical advertising signs, that people began calling it "The Great White Way". When the theater district moved uptown, the name was transferred to the Times Square area.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: The phrase "Great White Way" has been attributed to Shep Friedman, columnist for the "New York Morning Telegraph" in 1901, who lifted the term from the title of a book about the Arctic by Albert Paine. The headline "Found on the Great White Way" appeared in the February 3, 1902, edition of the "New York Evening Telegram".


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: A portrait of Broadway in the early part of the 20th century and "The Great White Way" late at night appeared in "Artist In Manhattan" (1940) written by the artist-historian Jerome Myers:


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: From south to north, Broadway at one point or another runs over or under various New York City Subway lines, including the IRT Lexington Avenue Line, the BMT Broadway Line, IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line, and IND Eighth Avenue Line (the IND Sixth Avenue Line is the only north–south trunk line in Manhattan that does not run along Broadway).


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: Early street railways on Broadway included the Broadway and Seventh Avenue Railroad's Broadway and University Place Line (1864?) between Union Square (14th Street) and Times Square (42nd Street), the Ninth Avenue Railroad's Ninth and Amsterdam Avenues Line (1884) between 65th Street and 71st Street, the Forty-second Street, Manhattanville and St. Nicholas Avenue Railway's Broadway Branch Line (1885?) between Times Square and 125th Street, and the Kingsbridge Railway's Kingsbridge Line north of 169th Street. The Broadway Surface Railroad's Broadway Line, a cable car line, opened on lower Broadway (below Times Square) in 1893, and soon became the core of the Metropolitan Street Railway, with two cable branches: the Broadway and Lexington Avenue Line and Broadway and Columbus Avenue Line.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: These streetcar lines were replaced with bus routes in the 1930s and 1940s. Before Broadway became one-way, the main bus routes along it were the New York City Omnibus Company's (NYCO) 6 (Broadway below Times Square), 7 (Broadway and Columbus Avenue), and 11 (Ninth and Amsterdam Avenues), and the Surface Transportation Corporation's M100 (Kingsbridge) and M104 (Broadway Branch). Additionally, the Fifth Avenue Coach Company's (FACCo) 4 and 5 used Broadway from 135th Street north to Washington Heights, and their 5 and 6 used Broadway between 57th Street and 72nd Street. With the implementation of one-way traffic, the northbound 6 and 7 were moved to Sixth Avenue.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: , Broadway is served by the M4 (ex-FACCo 4), M7 (ex-NYCO 7), M55, M100, and M104. Other routes that use part of Broadway include the M5 (ex-FACCo 5), M10, M20, M60 Select Bus Service, Bx7, Bx9, and Bx20.


title: Broadway (Manhattan)

text: Bee-Line buses also serves Broadway within Riverdale and Westchester County. Routes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 13, and several others run on a portion of Broadway.


title: Rudraksha

text: Rudraksha (IAST: "") refers to a stonefruit, the dried stones of which are used as prayer beads by Hindus (especially Shaivas), as well as by Buddhists and Sikhs. When they are ripe, "rudraksha" stones are covered by an inedible blue outer fruit so they are sometimes called "blueberry beads". The "rudraksha" stones are produced by several species of large, evergreen, broad-leaved tree in the genus "Elaeocarpus", the principal species of which is "Elaeocarpus ganitrus".


title: Rudraksha

text: The stones are associated with the Hindu deity Shiva and are commonly worn for protection and for chanting mantras such as Om Namah Shivaya (; ). The stones are primarily sourced from India, Indonesia, and Nepal for jewellery and malas (garlands); they are valued similarly to semi-precious stones. Various meanings and interpretations are attributed to "rudraksha" stones with different numbers of "faces" (, ) or locules, and rare or unique stones are highly prized and valued.


title: Rudraksha

text: "Rudraksha" is a Sanskrit compound word consisting of Rudra () and " (). Rudra is one of Shiva's names.


title: Rudraksha

text: Sanskrit dictionaries translate " () as eyes, as do many prominent Hindus such as Sivaya Subramuniyaswami and Kamal Narayan Seetha; accordingly, "rudraksha" may be interpreted as meaning "eyes of Rudra".


title: Rudraksha

text: Of the 300 species of "Elaeocarpus", 35 are found in India. The principal species of this genus is "Elaeocarpus ganitrus", which has the common name of ""rudraksha" tree", and is found from the Gangetic plain in the foothills of the Himalayas to Nepal, South and Southeast Asia, parts of Australia, Guam, and Hawaii.


title: Rudraksha

text: "Elaeocarpus ganitrus" trees grow to . They are evergreen trees which grow quickly, and as they mature their roots form buttresses, rising up near the trunk and radiating out along the surface of the ground.


title: Rudraksha

text: The "rudraksha" tree starts bearing drupes (fruit) in three to four years from germination. It yields between 1,000 and 2,000 fruits annually. These fruits are commonly called ""rudraksha" fruit", but are also known as "amritaphala" (fruits of ambrosia).


title: Rudraksha

text: The pyrena of the fruit, commonly called the "pit" or "stone", is typically divided into multiple segments by seed-bearing locules. When the fruit is fully ripe, the stones are covered with a blue outer fleshy husk of inedible fruit. The blue colour is not derived from a pigment but is due to structural colouration. "Rudraksha" beads are sometimes called "blueberry beads" in reference to the blue colour of the fruit.


title: Rudraksha

text: "Rudraksha" fruits contain alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, triterpenes, carbohydrates, and cardiac glycosides. They also contain rudrakine, an alkaloid which had been discovered in "rudraksha" fruit in 1979.


title: Rudraksha

text: "Rudraksha" stones are described as having a number of facets or "faces" ("mukhi") which are separated by a line or cleft along the stone. Stones typically have between 1 and 21 faces, although most have between 4 and 6 faces. Those with a single face are the rarest. "Rudraksha"s from Nepal are between and those from Indonesia are between . "Rudraksha" stones are most often brown, although white, red, yellow, or black stones may also be found.


title: Rudraksha

text: Many types of stone are described. "Gauri shankar" are two stones which are naturally conjoined. "Sawar" are "gauri shankar" in which one of the conjoined stones has just one face. "Ganesha" are stones which have a trunk-like protrusion on their bodies. "Trijuti" are three stones which are naturally conjoined. Other rare types include "veda" (4 conjoined "sawar"s) and "dwaita" (2 conjoined "sawar"s).


title: Rudraksha

text: "Rudraksha" stones may be strung together as beads on a garland ("") which can be worn around the neck. The beads are commonly strung on silk, or on a black or red cotton thread. Less often, jewellers use copper, silver or gold wires. The "rudraksha" beads may be damaged if strung too tightly. The Devi-Bhagavata Purana describes the preparation of "rudraksha" garlands.


title: Rudraksha

text: Hindus often use "rudraksha" garlands aids to prayer and meditation, and to sanctify the mind, body, and soul, much as Christians use prayer beads and rosaries to count repetitions of prayer. There is a long tradition of wearing 108 "rudraksha" beads in India, particularly within Shaivism, due to their association with Shiva, who wears "rudraksha" garlands. Most garlands contain 108 beads "plus one" because as 108 is considered sacred and a suitable number of times to recite a short mantra. The extra bead, which is called the "Meru", , or "guru bead", helps mark the beginning and end of a cycle of 108 and has symbolic value as a 'principle' bead. "Rudraksha" garlands usually contain beads in combinations 27+1, 54+1, or 108+1. The mantra Om Namah Shivaya, associated with Shiva, is often chosen for repetitions ("japa") using "rudraksha" beads.


title: Rudraksha

text: Several late-medieval Upanishads describe the construction, wearing, and use "rudraksha" garlands as well as their mythological origin as the tears of Rudra.


title: Rudraksha

text: Like the Upanishads, the Tirumurai describes the wearing of "rudraksha" garlands and their use as prayer beads for chanting mantras. Accordingly, the Tirumurai identifies wearing a pair of rudraksha garlands as a sign of piety.


title: Rudraksha

text: Ch. Devi Lal Rudraksha Vatika, is a grove dedicated to "rudraksha" which also has over 400 endangered ayurvedic medicinal herbs in Yamunanagar district of Haryana state in India.


title: Alastair Cook

text: Sir Alastair Nathan Cook (born 25 December 1984) is an English cricketer who plays for Essex County Cricket Club, and played for England in all international formats from 2006 to 2018. A former captain of the England Test and One-Day International (ODI) teams, he is the fifth-highest Test run scorer of all time and holds a number of English and international records.


title: Alastair Cook

text: Cook is England's second most-capped Test player and has captained the English team in 59 Tests, as well as in 69 ODIs. He is the leading run-scorer in Test matches for England, and the youngest player to score 12,000 Test runs (the sixth overall, and the only Englishman). Cook has scored a record 33 Test centuries for England and is the first England player to win 50 Test matches. A left-handed opening batsman (the highest-scoring left-hander in Tests), he normally fields at first slip.


title: Alastair Cook

text: Cook played for Essex's Academy and made his debut for the first XI in 2003. He played in several of England's youth teams from 2000 until his call up to the Test side in 2006. While touring in the West Indies with the ECB National Academy, Cook was called up to the England national team in India as a last-minute replacement for Marcus Trescothick and debuted, aged 21, with a century. He went on to score 1,000 runs in his maiden year and made centuries in his first Test matches against India, Pakistan, the West Indies and Bangladesh. Cook played a pivotal role in England winning the 2009 Ashes series, and, after deputising as Test captain in 2010 and then taking ODI captaincy full-time, in retaining the Ashes in 2010–11.


title: Alastair Cook

text: He was appointed captain of the Test team after Andrew Strauss's retirement on 29 August 2012. Cook captained England to its first Test series victory in India since 1984–85. During the tour he became the first captain to score a century in each of his first five Tests in charge. On 30 May 2015, Cook became the leading run-scorer in Test matches for England, surpassing Graham Gooch (8900). After England's 2016 tour of Bangladesh and India, he stepped down as Test captain. On 24 May 2018 during the first Test against Pakistan, Cook equalled Allan Border's record for appearing in the greatest number of consecutive Test matches, with 153, surpassing it a week later in the second Test at Headingley. On 3 September 2018, Cook announced that his twelve-year international career would end at the conclusion of the series against India on 11 September 2018.


title: Alastair Cook

text: Cook was appointed MBE in 2011 and promoted to CBE in 2016 for services to cricket. In the 2019 New Year Honours, Cook was appointed a Knight Bachelor for services to cricket.


title: Alastair Cook

text: On the occasion of England's 1000th Test in August 2018, he was named in the country's greatest Test XI by the ECB.


title: Alastair Cook

text: Cook was born in Gloucester; his mother Stephanie is a teacher from Swansea, while his father Graham worked as a telecommunications engineer and enjoyed village cricket. Cook is a keen musician: by the age of eight he was learning the clarinet and became a boarding pupil at St Paul's Cathedral School in London, an independent school connected to the cathedral, as a chorister, with a rigorous schedule of rehearsals. Cook later claimed the amount of focus and concentration required to keep practising while undergoing regular school hours helped with his batting.


title: Alastair Cook

text: When he was a boy, his family lived in Wickham Bishops, a village near Witham in central Essex. During his summer holidays, Cook played cricket for nearby Maldon Cricket Club, and by the age of 11 he was already playing in the adult Third XI. He played sporadically for Maldon over seven years, with an average of 168 in his final year. He is now an honorary life member of the club.


title: Alastair Cook

text: Aged 13, Cook's musical flair led to him to becoming a boarding pupil at Bedford School, an independent school for boys in the county town of Bedford. He sang, played the clarinet to grade eight and learned to play piano and saxophone. Music was soon eclipsed when the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) came to play against the Bedford School XI. The visiting side were a man short and drafted the 14-year-old new boy to play against his school, and Cook scored a century.


title: Alastair Cook

text: Over the next four years, he hit 17 centuries and two double-hundreds to total 4,396 runs at an average of 87.90, captaining the cricket team in his final year under coach Jeremy 'Boris' Farrell, as well as being President of the Music Society. He also gained three A-Levels and nine GCSEs. In his final year at Bedford in 2003, he scored 1,287 runs for the school, including two unbeaten double-hundreds, averaging 160.87 to take the school record. After his international success, Cook returned for an Old Boys' match at Bedford in 2008, playing for the Head Master's Ultimate XI. Later on, Cook spent two years at Alleyn's School as a PE teacher.