title: Rifaximin

text: In the United States, Salix Pharmaceuticals holds a US Patent for rifaximin and markets the drug under the name Xifaxan. In addition to receiving FDA approval for travelers' diarrhea and (marketing approved for) hepatic encephalopathy, rifaximin received FDA approval for IBS in May 2015. No generic formulation is available in the US and none has appeared due to the fact that the FDA approval process was ongoing. If rifaximin receives full FDA approval for hepatic encephalopathy it is likely that Salix will maintain marketing exclusivity and be protected from generic formulations until March 24, 2017. In 2018, a patent dispute with Teva was settled which delayed a generic in the United States, with the patent set to expire in 2029.


title: Rifaximin

text: Rifaximin is approved in 33 countries for GI disorders. On August 13, 2013, Health Canada issued a Notice of Compliance to Salix Pharmaceuticals Inc. for the drug product Zaxine. In India, it is available under the brand names Ciboz and Xifapill. In Russia and Ukraine the drug is sold under the name Alfa Normix (Альфа Нормикс), produced by Alfa Wassermann S.p.A. (Italy). In 2018, the FDA approved a similar drug by Cosmos Pharmaceuticals called Aemcolo for traveler's diarrhea.


title: Julie Dreyfus

text: Julie Dreyfus (born 24 January 1966) is a French actress who is well known in Japan where she made her television debut on a French language lesson program on NHK's educational channel in the late 1980s. She has appeared on the TV show "Ryōri no Tetsujin" ("Iron Chef") as a guest and judge. She is best known to western audiences for her appearances in the Quentin Tarantino films "" and "Inglourious Basterds", in which she played Sofie Fatale and Francesca Mondino respectively. Aside from her native French she is fluent in English and Japanese.


title: Julie Dreyfus

text: Dreyfus was born and raised in Paris, the only child of actress Pascale Audret and producer Francis Dreyfus. Her father was of Romanian-Jewish and Alsatian-Jewish ancestry, and her mother was of French descent. She spent her summers in the UK. As a child she used to watch Woody Allen's early movies together with her mother. She started learning Japanese in 1985 at the Institute for Oriental Languages and Civilization at the University of Paris, after studying interior design and becoming interested in Japanese architecture. She moved to Japan to study at the Osaka University of Foreign Studies for a six-month, intensive Japanese course, thinking that she would eventually land a job in interior design. After finishing the course, she moved to Tokyo working part-time in a design studio while continuing her private Japanese lessons. In 1988, she worked as a French language instructor on the NHK morning-television-educational program. Centering on a mystery drama, chief producer Motoyoshi Sei hired Dreyfus to increase ratings by changing the program into an episode format. Eventually, she was cast by Japanese network executives as the twenty-something beauty in several TV and film roles, leading her to become a "gaijin tarento" (foreign talent). She was also a judge on the cult-hit cooking show "Ryōri no Tetsujin" ("Iron Chef").


title: Julie Dreyfus

text: Dreyfus portrayed the character of Sofie Fatale in Quentin Tarantino's 2003 film, "Kill Bill Volume 1". She was a member of the 2007 Gérardmer Film Festival ("Festival international du film fantastique de Gérardmer"), which honored her "Kill Bill" co-star David Carradine.


title: Julie Dreyfus

text: Dreyfus appeared in "Vinyan" in 2008 and in Tarantino's war epic "Inglourious Basterds" in 2009, as Francesca Mondino, a fictional French interpreter and mistress for Nazi propagandist Joseph Goebbels. She also appeared as a translator in the Leos Carax short film entitled Merde in the feature film "Tokyo!"


title: Drag racing

text: Drag racing is a type of motor racing in which automobiles or motorcycles compete, usually two at a time, to be first to cross a set finish line. The race follows a short, straight course from a standing start over a measured distance, most commonly , with a shorter, distance becoming increasingly popular, as it has become the standard for Top Fuel dragsters and Funny Cars, where some major bracket races and other sanctioning bodies have adopted it as the standard. The is also popular in some circles. Electronic timing and speed sensing systems have been used to record race results since the 1960s.


title: Drag racing

text: The history of automobiles and motorcycles being used for drag racing is nearly as long as the history of motorized vehicles themselves, and has taken the form of both illegal street racing and as a regulated motorsport.


title: Drag racing

text: Drag racing started in the 1940s. World War II veterans were prominently involved, and some early drag races were done at decommissioned aircraft bases with landing strips that made them an ideal place for the sport. In 1951, Wally Parks formed the National Hot Rod Association (NHRA). The organization banned the use of nitromethane in 1957, calling it unsafe, in part through the efforts of C. J. Hart; the ban would be lifted in 1963.


title: Drag racing

text: Push starts to get engines running were necessary until the National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) mandated self-starters in 1976. After burnouts, cars would be pushed back by crews; this persisted until NHRA required reversing systems in 1980. Don Garlits was the first to do burnouts across the starting line, which is now standard practice. Each driver then backs up to and stages at the starting line.


title: Drag racing

text: Before each race (commonly known as a pass), each driver is allowed to perform a burnout, which heats the driving tires and lays rubber down at the beginning of the track, improving traction. The cars run through a "water box" (formerly a "bleach box", before bleach was replaced by flammable traction compound, which produced spectacular, and dangerous, flame burnouts; the hazard led NHRA to mandate use of water in the 1970s).


title: Drag racing

text: Modern races are started electronically by a system known as a "Christmas tree", which consists of a column of lights for each driver/lane, and two light beam sensors per lane on the track at the starting line. Current NHRA trees, for example, feature one blue light (split into halves), then three amber, one green, and one red. When the first light beam is broken by a vehicle's front tire(s), the vehicle is "pre-staged" (approximately from the starting line), and the pre-stage indicator on the tree is lit. When the second light beam is broken, the vehicle is "staged", and the stage indicator on the tree is lit. Vehicles may then leave the pre-stage beam, but must remain in the stage beam until the race starts.


title: Drag racing

text: Once one competitor is staged, their opponent has a set amount of time to stage or they will be instantly disqualified, indicated by a red light on the tree. Otherwise, once both drivers are staged, the system chooses a short delay at random (to prevent a driver being able to anticipate the start), then starts the race. The light sequence at this point varies slightly. For example, in NHRA Professional classes, three amber lights on the tree flash simultaneously, followed 0.4 seconds later by a green light (this is also known as a "pro tree"). In NHRA Sportsman classes, the amber lights illuminate in sequence from top to bottom, 0.5 seconds apart, followed 0.5 seconds later by the green light (this is also known as a "sportsman tree" or "full tree"). If a vehicle leaves the starting line before the green light illuminates, the red light for that lane illuminates instead, and the driver is disqualified (also known as "red lighting"). In a handicap start, the green light automatically lights up for the first driver, and the red light is only lit in the proper lane after both cars have launched if one driver leaves early, or if both drivers left early, the driver whose reaction time is worse (if one lane has a -.015 and the other lane has a -.022, the lane of the driver who committed a 0.022 is given the red light after both cars have left), as a red light infraction is only assessed to the driver with the worse infraction, if both drivers leave early. Even if both drivers leave early, the green light is automatically lit for the driver that left last, and they still may win the pass (as in the 2014 NHRA Auto Club Pro Stock final, Erica Enders-Stevens and Jason Line both committed red light infractions; only Line was assessed with a red light, as he was -.011 versus Enders-Stevens' -.002).


title: Drag racing

text: Several measurements are taken for each race: reaction time, elapsed time, and speed. Reaction time is the period from the green light illuminating to the vehicle leaving the staging beams or breaking the guard beam. Elapsed time is the period from the vehicle leaving the starting line to crossing the finish line. Speed is measured through a speed trap covering the final to the finish line, indicating average speed of the vehicle in that distance.


title: Drag racing

text: Except where a breakout rule is in place, the winner is the first vehicle to cross the finish line, and therefore the driver with the lowest combined reaction time and elapsed time. Because these times are measured separately, a driver with a slower elapsed time can actually win if that driver's advantage in reaction time exceeds the elapsed time difference. In heads-up racing, this is known as a "holeshot win". In categories where a breakout rule is in effect (for example, NHRA Junior Dragster, Super Comp, Super Gas, Super Stock, and Stock classes, as well as some dial-in classes), if a competitor is faster than his or her predetermined time (a "breakout"), that competitor loses. If both competitors are faster than their predetermined times, the competitor who breaks out by less time wins. Regardless, a red light foul is worse than a breakout, except in Junior Dragster where exceeding the absolute limit is a cause for disqualification.


title: Drag racing

text: Most race events use a traditional bracket system, where the losing car and driver are eliminated from the event while the winner advances to the next round, until a champion is crowned. Events can range from 16 to over 100 car brackets. Drivers are typically seeded by elapsed times in qualifying. In bracket racing without a breakout (such as NHRA Competition Eliminator), pairings are based on times compared to their index (faster than index for class is better). In bracket racing with a breakout (Stock, Super Stock, but also the NHRA's Super classes), the closest to the index is favorable.


title: Drag racing

text: A popular alternative to the standard eliminations format is the Chicago Style format (also called the Three Round format in Australia), named for the US 30 Dragstrip near Merrillville, Indiana where a midweek meet featured this format. All entered cars participate in one qualifying round, and then are paired for the elimination round. The two fastest times among winners from this round participate in the championship round. Depending on the organization, the next two fastest times may play for third, then fifth, and so forth, in consolation rounds. Currently, an IHRA 400 Thunder championship race in Australia uses the format.


title: Drag racing

text: The standard distance of a drag race is 1,320 feet, 402 m, or 1/4 mile( +- 0,2% FIA & NHRA rules). However, due to safety concerns, certain sanctioning bodies (notably the NHRA for its Top Fuel and Funny Car classes) have shortened races to 1,000 feet. Some drag strips are even shorter and run 660 feet, 201 m, or 1/8 mile. The 1,000 foot distance is now also popular with bracket racing, especially in meets where there are 1/8 mile cars and 1/4 mile cars racing together, and is used by the revived American Drag Racing League for its primary classes (not Jr Dragster). Some organizations that deal with Pro Modified and "Mountain Motor" Pro Stock cars (Professional Drag Racers Association) use the 1/8 mile distance, even if the tracks are 1/4 mile tracks.


title: Drag racing

text: The National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) oversees the majority of drag racing events in North America. The next largest organization is the International Hot Rod Association (IHRA). Nearly all drag strips are associated with one sanctioning body or the other.


title: Drag racing

text: Besides NHRA and IHRA, there are niche organizations for muscle cars and nostalgia vehicles. The Nostalgia Drag Racing League (NDRL) based in Brownsburg, IN, runs a series of 1/4 mile (402 m) drag races in the Midwest for 1979 and older nostalgic appearing cars, with four classes of competition running in an index system. Pro 7.0 and Pro 7.50 run heads up 200 mile per hour (320 kilometre per hour) passes, while Pro Comp and Pro Gas run 8.0 to 10.0 indices. NDRL competition vehicles typically include Front Engine Dragsters, Altereds, Funny Cars, early Pro Stock clones, Super Stocks and Gassers.


title: Drag racing

text: The National Electric Drag Racing Association (NEDRA) races electric vehicles against high performance gasoline-powered vehicles such as Dodge Vipers or classic muscle cars in 1/4 and 1/8 mile (402 m & 201 m) races. The current electric drag racing record is 6.940 seconds at 201.37 mph (324.0736 km/h) for a quarter mile (402 m). Another niche organization is the VWDRC which run a VW-only championship with vehicles running under 7 seconds.


title: Drag racing

text: Prior to the founding of the NHRA and IHRA, smaller organizations sanctioned drag racing in the early years, which included the competing AHRA in the United States from 1955 to 2005.


title: Drag racing

text: The first Australian Nationals event was run in 1965 at Riverside raceway, near Melbourne. The Australian National Drag Racing Association (ANDRA) was established in 1973, and today they claim they are the "best in the world outside the United States". ANDRA sanctions races throughout Australia and throughout the year at all levels, from Junior Dragster to Top Fuel.


title: Drag racing

text: The ANDRA Drag Racing Series is for professional drivers and riders and includes Top Fuel, Top Alcohol, Top Doorslammer (similar to the USA Pro Modified class), Pro Stock (using 400 cubic inch engines (6.5 litres)), Top Bike and Pro Stock Motorcycle.


title: Drag racing

text: The Summit Sportsman Series is for ANDRA sportsman drivers and riders and includes Competition, Super Stock, Super Compact, Competition Bike, Supercharged Outlaws, Top Sportsman, Modified, Super Sedan, Modified Bike, Super Street and Junior Dragster.


title: Drag racing

text: In 2015, after a dispute with ANDRA, Sydney Dragway, Willowbank Raceway and the Perth Motorplex invited the International Hot Rod Association (IHRA) to sanction events at their tracks. Shortly thereafter the Perth Motorplex reverted to ANDRA sanction. Although greatly assisted by ANDRA prior


title: Drag racing

text: to its construction, Springmount Raceway opted for IHRA sanction. The 400 Thunder Series targets professional racers to its races. Intended to be the premier Drag racing series in Australia it has never been able


title: Drag racing

text: to run a truly National series and has been on a steady decline since its inception. Most recently Top Fuel Australia (the organization that represents the Top Fuel owners) recently extracted itself from the 400 Thunder series. ANDRA recently launched a new National series that will initially cater for Top Doorslammer and Top Fue Motorcycle. This series will provide a greater National coverage than the 400 Thunder Series did and will soon add other Professional categories.


title: Drag racing

text: In 2021 Heathcote Park Raceway in Victoria was sold to new ownership and has since been sanctioned by IHRA for small regional events.


title: Drag racing

text: Drag racing was imported to Europe by American NATO troops during the Cold War. Races were held in West Germany beginning in the 1960s at the airbases at Ramstein and Sembach and in the UK at various airstrips and racing circuits before the opening of Europe's first permanent drag strip at Santa Pod Raceway in 1966.


title: Drag racing

text: The FIA organises a Europe-wide four wheeled championship for the Top Fuel, Top Methanol Dragster, Top Methanol Funny Car, Pro Modified and Pro Stock classes. FIM Europe organises a similar championship for bike classes. In addition, championships are run for sportsman classes in many countries throughout Europe by the various national motorsport governing bodies.


title: Drag racing

text: Drag racing in New Zealand started in the 1960s. The New Zealand Hot Rod Association (NZHRA) sanctioned what is believed to have been the first drag meeting at an open cut coal mine at Kopuku, south of Auckland, sometime in 1966. In 1973, the first and only purpose built drag strip opened in Meremere by the Pukekohe Hot Rod Club. In April 1993 the governance of drag racing was separated from the NZHRA and the New Zealand Drag Racing Association (NZDRA) was formed. In 2014, New Zealand's second purpose built drag strip – Masterton Motorplex – opened.


title: Drag racing

text: There are now two governing bodies operating drag racing in New Zealand with the Florida-based International Hot Rod Association sanctioning both of New Zealands major tracks at Ruapuna (Pegasus Bay Drag Racing Association ) in the South Island and Meremere Dragway Inc in the North Island which is now become the best drag strip in NZ. However, the official ASN of the sport, per FIA regulations, is the New Zealand Drag Racing Association.


title: Drag racing

text: Many countries in South America race 200 meters, unlike in the United States and Australia, where the quarter-mile, or, 400 meters, respectively, is typical.


title: Drag racing

text: Organized drag racing in Colombia is the responsibility of Club G3, a private organization. The events take place at Autódromo de Tocancipá.


title: Drag racing

text: Local "muscles" like Chevrolet Opala and Chevrolet Chevette (both models brought from Opel with increased motors from Detroit, US) are the show makers for brazilian dragstrips.


title: Drag racing

text: On the island of Curaçao, organization of drag racing events is handled by the Curaçao Autosport Foundation (FAC)


title: Drag racing

text: On the island of Aruba, all racing events, including street legal competitions, happen at Palomarga International Raceway.


title: Drag racing

text: On the island of Barbados, organization of drag racing events is done by the Barbados Association of Dragsters and Drifters. Currently the drag racing is done at Bushy Park racing circuit over 1/8 mile, while "acceleration tests" of 1/4 mile are done at the Paragon military base.


title: Drag racing

text: On the Island of Saint Lucia, organization of drag racing events is done by no-one. All local groups are tie ups. Currently races are held at the US Old military base also known as the "Ca Ca Beff", "The Base" near the Hewanorra International Airport in Vieux Fort.


title: Drag racing

text: On Santo Domingo, organization of drag racing events is done by Autodromo Sunix and they happen at the Autodromo Sunix, close to the Airport SDQ.


title: Drag racing

text: Organized drag racing is rapidly growing in India. The country's first drag race meet was organized by "Autocar India" in Mumbai in 2002. Since then there have been many drag racing events in India. The most popular event is Elite Octanes' Valley Run which is held at Ambey Valley air strip in Loanavla every year.


title: Drag racing

text: The biggest drag series event was organized by India Speed Week with three different locations around India. After the series two riders were chosen to represent the country 2017 initiative to bring 11 times world drag racing champion Rickey Gadson to India. The initiative was executed during the Valley Run 2017 event, which gave the participants a platform to perform at the highest level globally. Rickey Gadson, as an extension of the initiative invited two of the top performing drag racers to visit USA to train and get an opportunity to represent India at the World Finals of drag racing held on 16-18 November 2018 in Valdosta GA, USA. As a result the two riders performed in their maiden event outside India. Also during the event, Amit Sharma, the fastest drag racer in Indian drag racing history, produced a time slip of 8.87 sec's – the fastest ever by any Indian.


title: Drag racing

text: Drag racing is also gaining popularity in Pakistan, with private organizations sponsoring such events. The Bahria Town housing project recently organized a drag racing event in Rawalpindi with the help of some of the country's best drivers.


title: Drag racing

text: Sri Lanka has seen an immense growth in drag racing due to legal meets held by the Ceylon Motor Sports Club, an FIA sanctioned body. In recent years, exotic cars and Japanese power houses have been taking part in these popular events.


title: Drag racing

text: Drag racing is an established sport in South Africa, with a number of strips around the country including Tarlton International Raceway and ODI Raceway. Drag racing is controlled by Motorsport South Africa and all drivers are required to hold a valid Motorsport South Africa license. Drivers can compete in a number of categories including Top Eliminator, Senior Eliminator, Super Competition Eliminator, Competition Eliminator, Pro Street Bikes, Superbike Eliminator, Supersport Shootout (motorcycle), Street Modified, and Factory Stock.


title: Drag racing

text: Drag racing in Russia started in 2004 in Moscow when the Russian Automotive Federation (RAF) sanctioned it as an official motorsport. Drag Racing became popular in Russia after "The Fast and the Furious" film in 2001, but competitions were illegal before 2004. The most outstanding drag racing event of the early years was "DRAG BITVA" (Drag Battle) which took place in Krasnoyarsk, Siberia from 2005 to 2008. Krasnoyarsk is located in the middle of Russia, so it was the best place to bring all the fastest cars from all over the country. Due to the financial situation "DRAG BITVA" was canceled in 2009 and never came back. It was difficult times for drag racing in Russia from 2009 to 2014, but it was supported by enthusiasts in every region. There were a lot of competitions but it wasn't as big as "DRAG BITVA". In 2014 Dragtimes company in partnership with SMP Racing became the Russian Drag Racing Championship (SMP RDRC) promoters, since then Drag Racing in Russia became more professional. From the very beginning to 2014 only streetcars were allowed to compete in Russia. Now it's also allowed to run promods and dragsters in SMP RDRC. Thanks to the efforts of SMP RDRC promoters in 2019 the first professional dragstrip in Russia "RDRC Racepark" was built. It's located near Moscow in 40 kilometers of downtown at the former airfield Bykovo. It gave many opportunities to test the cars and make new records. Before the track was built, competitions took place on straight parts of circuits, so it wasn't allowed to prepare the whole 1/4 mile, only 1/8 and the tracks were available for drag racers except racing weekends of local or national events. From the very beginning one of the main ideas of the promoters was to increase the quality and reach of live broadcasts, so SMP RDRC became the first racing series with its video production and remains so to this day.


title: Drag racing

text: The national record belongs to 4-time national champion Dmitry Samorukov: 6.325 seconds at . It was set in a special record run in 2016 on Dodge Viper Doorslammer in Grozny, Chechen Republic at "Fort Grozny" racetrack.


title: Drag racing

text: Dmitry Samorukov was the first Russian participant of the FIA European Championship on a newly built Chevrolet Camaro in the most competitive Promod class in 2019. After six stages of the competition, he took 10th of 38 places overall.


title: Drag racing

text: Russian driver Dmitry Kapustin on Nissan Skyline GT-R R32 is holding the European record of AWD streetcars: 7.182 seconds at . The record was set in a qualifying run in Grozny, Chechen Republic at "Fort Grozny" racetrack in 2018.


title: Drag racing

text: 1/2 mile races are also popular in Russia. "Unlim 500+" is the main 1/2 mile race in Russia. It's a supercar and sportscar festival where only 500+ hp cars are allowed (e. g. Nissan GT-R, McLaren 720S, Lamborghini Aventador, Porsche 911, Ferrari 488, etc.). The national record on 1/2 mile distance also belongs to Dmitry Samorukov on Nissan GT-R R 35: 13.305 seconds at . The record was set on a test and tune day at the "RDRC Racepark" track in 2020.


title: Drag racing

text: There are hundreds of classes in drag racing, each with different requirements and restrictions on things such as weight, engine size, body style, modifications, and many others. NHRA and IHRA share some of these classes, but many are solely used by one sanctioning body or the other. The NHRA boasts over 200 classes, while the IHRA has fewer. Some IHRA classes have multiple sub-classes in them to differentiate by engine components and other features. There is even a class for aspiring youngsters, Junior Dragster, which typically uses an eighth-mile track, also favored by VW racers.


title: Drag racing

text: In 1997, the FIA (cars) and UEM (bikes) began sanctioning drag racing in Europe with a fully established European Drag Racing Championship, in cooperation (and rules compliance) with NHRA. The major European drag strips include Santa Pod Raceway in Podington, England; Alastaro Circuit, Finland; Mantorp Park, Sweden; Gardermoen Raceway, Norway and the Hockenheimring in Germany.


title: Drag racing

text: There is a somewhat arbitrary definition of what constitutes a "professional" class. The NHRA includes 5 pro classes; Top Fuel, Funny Car, Pro Stock, Pro Modified and Pro Stock Motorcycle. The FIA features a different set of 5 pro classes; Top Fuel, Top Methanol Dragster, Top Methanol Funny Car, Pro Modified and Pro Stock. Other sanctioning bodies have similarly different definitions. A partial list of classes includes:


title: Drag racing

text: The UEM also has a different structure of professional categories with Top Fuel Bike, Super Twin Top Fuel Bike, and Pro Stock Bike contested, leaving the entire European series with a total of 8 professional categories.


title: Drag racing

text: To allow different cars to compete against each other, some competitions are raced on a handicap basis, with faster cars delayed on the starting line enough to theoretically even things up with the slower car. This may be based on rule differences between the cars in stock, super stock, and modified classes, or on a competitor's chosen "dial-in" in bracket racing.


title: Drag racing

text: A 'dial-in' is a time the driver estimates it will take his or her car to cross the finish line, and is generally displayed on one or more windows so the starter can adjust the starting lights on the tree accordingly. The slower car will then get a head start equal to the difference in the two dial-ins, so if both cars perform perfectly, they would cross the finish line dead even. If either car goes faster than its dial-in (called breaking out), it is disqualified regardless of who has the lower elapsed time; if both cars break out, the one who breaks out by the smallest amount wins. However, if a driver had jump-started (red light) or crossed a boundary line, both violations override any break out (except in some classes with an absolute break out rule such as Junior classes).


title: Drag racing

text: The effect of the bracket racing rules is to place a premium on consistency of performance of the driver and car rather than on raw speed, in that victory goes to the driver able to precisely predict elapsed time, whether it is fast or slow. This in turn makes victory much less dependent on budget, and more dependent on skill, making it popular with casual weekend racers.


title: Lisa Lampanelli

text: Lisa Lampanelli (born Lisa Marie Lampugnale; July 19, 1961) is an American former stand-up comedian, actress and insult comic.


title: Lisa Lampanelli

text: Lampanelli was born in Trumbull, Connecticut to a middle-class family. Three of her grandparents were of Italian descent, and the fourth of Polish ancestry. Her mother, Gloria (née Velgot), worked for the local police department, where "she typed in all the arrests made", and her father, Leonard Lampugnale, worked for Sikorsky Aircraft and later became a painter. Lampanelli attended Roman Catholic schools, studied journalism at Boston College and Syracuse University, and attended the Radcliffe Publishing Course at Harvard.


title: Lisa Lampanelli

text: She worked as a copy editor at "Popular Mechanics" and an assistant at "Rolling Stone". She was also a fact checker and the first chief of research for "Spy" magazine; a book about "Spy" describes her then as "your average decked-out-heavy-metal-head-next-door." Speaking later to "Maxim Magazine Online", Lampanelli remarked, "I was a real journalist for "Rolling Stone", "Spy", "Hit Parader". I interviewed those fuckin' hair bands: Cinderella, Slaughter."


title: Lisa Lampanelli

text: Lampanelli began her stand-up career in New York in the early 1990s. She made her break at the 2002 New York Friars' Club roast of Chevy Chase, and went on to participate in the roasts of Denis Leary, Pamela Anderson, Jeff Foxworthy, Flavor Flav, William Shatner, David Hasselhoff, and Donald Trump and to serve as Roastmaster for Larry the Cable Guy. Lampanelli was frequently on the dais for "The Howard Stern Show" roasts, including appearances at the roasts for Gary Dell'Abate, Artie Lange, Andy Dick, and A&E's "Gene Simmons Roast" in April 2008.


title: Lisa Lampanelli

text: Lampanelli released a comedy special on DVD entitled "Take it Like A Man" in 2005, appeared in the 2006 motion picture "", and had a cameo appearance in the VH1 sitcom "So NoTORIous". She also landed a deal with Fox for a sitcom pilot with the tentative title "Big Loud Lisa", which was considered a candidate for the network's 2006–07 television season. Lampanelli taped her stand-up special "Dirty Girl" in the fall of 2006, which aired on Comedy Central on January 28, 2007. Her "Dirty Girl" CD and "Dirty Girl—No Protection" DVD were released by Warner Bros./Jack Records on January 30, 2007. Lampanelli was also featured in the movie "Delta Farce" starring Larry the Cable Guy, Bill Engvall, and D.J. Qualls, which was released early in 2008, and in "Drillbit Taylor" starring Owen Wilson.


title: Lisa Lampanelli

text: Her style of humor was influenced most by the Dean Martin roasts that televised when she was growing up; she did not start watching other stand-up comedians until she became one herself.


title: Lisa Lampanelli

text: On November 21, 2008, in Santa Rosa, California, Lampanelli taped her first one-hour HBO Special at the Wells Fargo Center for the Arts. The special, "Lisa Lampanelli: Long Live the Queen", which aired January 31, 2009, was directed by Dave Higby, who also directed her "Dirty Girl" special. In December 2010 she reunited with Higby when he directed her "Tough Love" special for Comedy Central that aired in the spring of 2011. Her one-woman show, "Bring Back the Fat Chick", debuted on Broadway in 2012.


title: Lisa Lampanelli

text: In May 2012, she headlined at the Night of a Thousand Gowns, a huge charity gala in NYC, where she also filmed a cameo for Adam Barta's new "Q&A" music video.


title: Lisa Lampanelli

text: Lampanelli's album "Back to the Drawing Board" was nominated for Best Comedy Album at the 58th Annual Grammy Awards.


title: Lisa Lampanelli

text: On October 30, 2018 Lampanelli announced her retirement from stand-up comedy on "The Howard Stern Show" in order to become a life coach.


title: Lisa Lampanelli

text: Lampanelli was a contestant on "The Celebrity Apprentice 5" (also known as "The Apprentice 12"). She was criticized by viewers and had numerous outbursts and clashes with other contestants, including Victoria Gotti, Arsenio Hall, Lou Ferrigno, and Dayana Mendoza. Lampanelli refused to apologize for her treatment of other contestants and racist remarks about Hispanics. In spite of her behavior and relations with other contestants, she raised $130,000 for Gay Men's Health Crisis winning two out of three of the challenges she took on as Project Manager. Lampanelli was fired on May 6, 2012, during the Final Four interview because John Rich and Marlee Matlin thought she was overly emotional.


title: Lisa Lampanelli

text: It Books (HarperCollins) is the publisher of Lampanelli's memoir, "Chocolate, Please: My Adventures in Food, Fat, and Freaks" (2009). "Publishers Weekly" reviewed:


title: Lisa Lampanelli

text: Lampanelli married in 1991 and divorced soon afterward. She married Jimmy Cannizzaro, a former tavern owner from Valley Stream, New York, on October 2, 2010, at the New York Friars' Club. In May 2014, she filed for divorce from Cannizzaro after three and a half years of marriage.


title: Lisa Lampanelli

text: Lampanelli is a supporter of nonheterosexual and transgender people. When members of the Westboro Baptist Church planned to protest against a show she held on May 20, 2011, in Topeka, Kansas, she promised to donate $1,000 to Gay Men's Health Crisis (the same charity she contributed to during "The Celebrity Apprentice") for every protester that attended. After an initial count of 44 protesters, she rounded the donation to an even $50,000, crediting the donation as being "made possible by the WBC."


title: The empire on which the sun never sets

text: The phrase "the empire on which the sun never sets" () was used to describe certain global empires that were so extensive that it seemed as though it was always daytime in at least one part of its territory.


title: The empire on which the sun never sets

text: The concept of an empire ruling all lands where the sun shines dates back to the ancient Egyptians, Mesopotamians, Persians, and Romans. In its modern form, it was first used for the Habsburg Empire of Charles V, who, as Duke of Burgundy, King of Spain, Archduke of Austria, and Holy Roman Emperor, attempted to build a universal monarchy. The term was then used for the Spanish Empire of Philip II of Spain and successors when the empire reached a global territorial size, particularly in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. It was used for the British Empire, mainly in the 19th and early 20th centuries, a period in which it reached a global territorial size. In the 20th century, the phrase has sometimes been adapted to refer to the global reach of American power.


title: The empire on which the sun never sets

text: Mesopotamian texts contemporary to Sargon of Akkad (c. 2334 – 2279 BC) proclaim that this king ruled "all the lands from sunrise to sunset", and the Story of Sinuhe (19th century BC) announces that the Egyptian king rules "all what the sun encircles". Georg Büchmann traces the idea to a speech in Herodotus' "Histories", attributed by Xerxes I before invading Greece.γῆν τὴν Περσίδα ἀποδέξομεν τῷ Διὸς αἰθέρι ὁμουρέουσαν. οὐ γὰρ δὴ χώρην γε οὐδεμίαν κατόψεται ἥλιος ὅμουρον ἐοῦσαν τῇ ἡμετέρῃ


title: The empire on which the sun never sets

text: "We shall extend the Persian territory as far as God's heaven reaches. The sun will then shine on no land beyond our borders."


title: The empire on which the sun never sets

text: The Roman Empire was also described in classical Latin literature as extending "from the rising to the setting sun".


title: The empire on which the sun never sets

text: Charles V of the House of Habsburg controlled in personal union a composite monarchy inclusive of the Holy Roman Empire stretching from Germany to Northern Italy with direct rule over the Low Countries and Austria, and Spain with its southern Italian kingdoms of Sicily, Sardinia and Naples. He oversaw both the continuation of the long-lasting Spanish colonization of the Americas and the short-lived German colonization of the Americas. Historian Anthony Pagden cites Ariosto as the source for the use of the phrase "empire on which the sun never sets" to refer to Charles V's empire.


title: The empire on which the sun never sets

text: Charles's son, Philip II of Spain, made Spain (his homeland) the metropole of the territories that he inherited. In particular, he placed the Council of Castille, the Council of Aragon, the Council of Italy, the Council of Flanders and the Council of the Indies in Madrid. He added the Philippines (named after him) to his colonial territories. When King Henry of Portugal died, Philip II pressed his claim to the Portuguese throne and was recognised as Philip I of Portugal in 1581. The Portuguese Empire, now ruled by Philip, itself included territories in the Americas, in the North and the Sub-Saharan Africa, in all the Asian Subcontinents, and islands in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans.


title: The empire on which the sun never sets

text: In 1585, Giovanni Battista Guarini wrote "Il pastor fido" to mark the marriage of Catherine Michelle, daughter of Philip II, to Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy. Guarini's dedication read, ""Altera figlia / Di qel Monarca, a cui / Nö anco, quando annotta, il Sol tramonta."" ("The proud daughter / of that monarch to whom / when it grows dark [elsewhere] the sun never sets.").


title: The empire on which the sun never sets

text: In the early 17th century, the phrase was familiar to John Smith and to Francis Bacon, who writes: "both the East and the West Indies being met in the crown of Spain, it is come to pass, that, as one saith in a brave kind of expression, the sun never sets in the Spanish dominions, but ever shines upon one part or other of them: which, to say truly, is a beam of glory [...]". Thomas Urquhart wrote of "that great Don Philippe, Tetrarch of the world, upon whose subjects the sun never sets."


title: The empire on which the sun never sets

text: In the German dramatist Friedrich Schiller's 1787 play "Don Carlos", Don Carlos's father, Philip II, says, "Ich heiße / der reichste Mann in der getauften Welt; / Die Sonne geht in meinem Staat nicht unter." ("I am called / The richest monarch in the Christian world; / The sun in my dominion never sets.").


title: The empire on which the sun never sets

text: Joseph Fouché recalled Napoleon saying before the Peninsular War, "Reflect that the sun never sets in the immense inheritance of Charles V, and that I shall have the empire of both worlds." This was cited in Walter Scott's "Life of Napoleon".


title: The empire on which the sun never sets

text: It has been claimed that Louis XIV of France's emblem of the "Sun King" and associated motto, ""Nec pluribus impar"", were based on the solar emblem and motto of Philip II.


title: The empire on which the sun never sets

text: In the 19th century, it became popular to apply the phrase to the British Empire. It was a time when British world maps showed the Empire in red and pink to highlight British imperial power spanning the globe. Scottish author, John Wilson, writing as "Christopher North" in "Blackwood's Magazine" in 1829, is sometimes credited as originating the usage. However, George Macartney wrote in 1773, in the wake of the territorial expansion that followed Britain's victory in the Seven Years' War, of "this vast empire on which the sun never sets, and whose bounds nature has not yet ascertained."


title: The empire on which the sun never sets

text: In a speech on 31 July 1827, Rev. R. P. Buddicom said, "It had been said that the sun never set on the British flag; it was certainly an old saying, about the time of Richard the Second, and was not so applicable then as at the present time." In 1821, the "Caledonian Mercury" wrote of the British Empire, "On her dominions the sun never sets; before his evening rays leave the spires of Quebec, his morning beams have shone three hours on Port Jackson, and while sinking from the waters of Lake Superior, his eye opens upon the Mouth of the Ganges."


title: The empire on which the sun never sets

text: Daniel Webster famously expressed a similar idea in 1834: "A power which has dotted over the surface of the whole globe with her possessions and military posts, whose morning drumbeat, following the sun and keeping company with the hours, circles the earth with one continuous and unbroken strain of the martial airs of England." In 1839, Sir Henry Ward said in the House of Commons, "Look at the British Colonial empire—the most magnificent empire that the world ever saw. The old Spanish boast that the sun never set in their dominions, has been more truly realised amongst ourselves." By 1861, Lord Salisbury complained that the £1.5 million spent on colonial defence by Britain merely enabled the nation "to furnish an agreeable variety of stations to our soldiers, and to indulge in the sentiment that the sun never sets on our Empire".


title: The empire on which the sun never sets

text: A rejoinder, variously attributed to an unnamed Indian nationalist or to John Duncan Spaeth, runs in one variant, "The sun never set on the British Empire, because even God couldn't trust the English in the dark".


title: The empire on which the sun never sets

text: From the mid-nineteenth century, the image of the sun never setting can be found applied to Anglophone culture, explicitly including both the British Empire and the United States, for example in a speech by Alexander Campbell in 1852: "To Britain and America God has granted the possession of the new world; and because the sun never sets upon our religion, our language and our arts...".


title: The empire on which the sun never sets

text: By the end of the century, the phrase was also being applied to the United States alone. An 1897 magazine article titled "The Greatest Nation on Earth" boasted, "[T]he sun never sets on Uncle Sam". In 1906, William Jennings Bryan wrote, "If we can not boast that the sun never sets on American territory, we can find satisfaction in the fact that the sun never sets on American philanthropy"; after which, "The New York Times" received letters attempting to disprove his presupposition. In the course of the 20th century, the metaphor of the sun never setting was used systematically, together with empire allusions such as "Pax Americana", in the rhetoric of US foreign policy.


title: The empire on which the sun never sets

text: A 1991 history book discussion of U.S. expansion states, "Today ... the sun never sets on American territory, properties owned by the U.S. government and its citizens, American armed forces abroad, or countries that conduct their affairs within limits largely defined by American power."


title: The empire on which the sun never sets

text: Although most of these sentiments have a patriotic ring, the phrase is sometimes used critically with the implication of American imperialism, as in the title of Joseph Gerson's book, "The Sun Never Sets: Confronting the Network of Foreign U.S. Military Bases".


title: The Smile Has Left Your Eyes (TV series)

text: The Smile Has Left Your Eyes () is a 2018 South Korean television series starring Seo In-guk, Jung So-min and Park Sung-woong. It is a remake of the 2002 Japanese television series "Sora Kara Furu Ichioku no Hoshi". It aired on tvN on October 3, 2018 on Wednesday and Thursday at 21:30 KST time slot.


text: This 2018 Korean drama revolves around Kim Moo Young (Seo In-guk) - a complex, mysterious man with a forgotten past. He meets and falls in love with Yoo Jin-Kang (Jung So-min), and although her initial impression of him is pretty negative, later she discovers that Moo young is innocent and struggling to recognize about his past life. However, her older brother, Yoo Jin Gook (Park Sung-woong), a homicide detective, suspects that Moo-Young is more sinister than he lets on, oblivious to the fact that he is the key to both Moo-young and Jin-Kang's intertwined history. The situation becomes more complicated when Moo young regains his memories which leads him to find the truth about his father's death and more.


text: In April 2017, it was reported that tvN will be including a Korean remake of "Sora Kara Furu Ichioku no Hoshi" as part of its drama lineup for the second half of 2017. In May 2017, tvN confirmed the production of the remake, which will be directed by Yoo Je-won.


text: Seo and Jung were announced as the leads in June 2018, and Park's casting was confirmed in July 2018.


title: Gleipnir (manga)

text: High school student Shuichi Kagaya receives the ability to transform into a giant monstrous dog. It resembles a mascot costume with a zipper on a back and a big smile on the front. He meets a normal girl from the same class, Claire Aoki, whose sister, Elena, was responsible for killing their parents.


title: Gleipnir (manga)

text: "Gleipnir" is written and illustrated by Sun Takeda. It was serialized in Kodansha's "seinen" manga magazine "Young Magazine the 3rd" from October 6, 2015 to April 6, 2021. It was transferred to "Monthly Young Magazine" on May 20, 2021. Kodansha has compiled its chapters into individual "tankōbon" volumes. The first volume was published on March 18, 2016. As of June 20, 2022, twelve volumes were published.


title: Gleipnir (manga)

text: In North America, Kodansha USA announced they had licensed the manga in July 2018. They released the first volume in English on March 19, 2019.


title: Gleipnir (manga)

text: An anime television series adaptation was announced in the fourth issue of "Young Magazine the 3rd" on March 6, 2019. The series is animated by Pine Jam and directed by Kazuhiro Yoneda, with Shinichi Inotsume handling series composition, and Takahiro Kishida designing the characters. Ryōhei Sataka composes the series' music. It aired from April 5 to June 28, 2020 on Tokyo MX and other channels. Hikaru performs the series' opening theme song, while international music group Mili performs its ending theme song "Ame to Taieki to Nioi". Funimation (now branded as Crunchyroll) has acquired the series globally, excluding Asia and streams the series on FunimationNow, AnimeLab and Wakanim. In Southeast Asia and South Asia, the series is licensed by Medialink, which streams it on the Ani-One YouTube channel in South Asia and select Southeast Asian countries, and on the streaming service Dimsum in Singapore, Malaysia, and Brunei. On December 12, 2020, Funimation announced the series would receive a dub with a two-episode premiere the next day. The "Gleipnir" DVD and Blu-Ray set was released on July 6, 2021, in North America.


title: Matthew Labyorteaux

text: Matthew Charles Labyorteaux (born December 8, 1966) is an American film, television and voice actor. In many of his credits, his last name is spelled as "Laborteaux". He is also credited as Matthew Charles for his work in animation.


title: Matthew Labyorteaux

text: He is best known for portraying Albert Ingalls on "Little House on the Prairie" from 1978 to 1983. He is also known as the voice of Jaden Yuki and The Supreme King in "Yu-Gi-Oh! GX" from 2005 to 2008.


title: Matthew Labyorteaux

text: Labyorteaux was born in Los Angeles and adopted by interior designer and talent agent Ronald Labyorteaux (1930–92) and actress Frances Marshall, née Frances Newman (1927–2012). He is the younger brother of Patrick, also adopted and also an actor, and Jane. An article in "People" magazine from 1978 reported that he was born with a hole in his heart, and was thought to be autistic for the first five years of his life.


title: Matthew Labyorteaux

text: Labyorteaux began working in commercials at the age of seven, having been discovered while accompanying his older brother, Patrick Labyorteaux, to a casting call. He shortly thereafter landed his first dramatic role in "A Woman Under the Influence," directed and written by John Cassavetes, where he played one of the children of Peter Falk's and Gena Rowlands's characters.


title: Matthew Labyorteaux

text: Aside from his tenure on "Little House on the Prairie," Labyorteaux also starred in the short-lived television series "The Red Hand Gang" (1977) and "Whiz Kids" (1983–1984), in addition to several made-for-television movies. His most prominent film role was in Wes Craven's "Deadly Friend" (1986) as Paul Conway, a young genius who resurrects a dead girl using an artificial intelligence microchip from a robot he created that had previously been destroyed by a malicious neighbor.


title: Matthew Labyorteaux

text: He made guest appearances on numerous television shows, including "The Rookies", "The Bob Newhart Show", "Mulligan's Stew", "Lou Grant", "Here's Boomer" (spin-off of "The Red Hand Gang"), "The Love Boat", "Simon & Simon" (crossover episode with "Whiz Kids"), "Highway to Heaven", "Night Court", "Paradise", and "Silk Stalkings".


title: Matthew Labyorteaux

text: More recently, Labyorteaux has worked as a voice actor, providing characterizations in video games and animated features, additional dialogue recording in film and television, and voice-over in advertisements.


title: Matthew Labyorteaux

text: Labyorteaux is a skilled video game player. In October 1981, he finished in 10th place for "Centipede" at the Atari, Inc. world championships. In April 1982, he became the United States "Pac-Man" champion at a "People"-sponsored tournament, with a score of 1,200,000.


title: Matthew Labyorteaux

text: In 1992, Matthew and Patrick founded the Youth Rescue Fund (which was partnered with Los Angeles Youth Supportive Services), a charity organization that assists young people in crisis, and have since engaged in fundraising for youth shelters across the U.S. The organization is no longer active.


title: Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare

text: Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare (also known as A Nightmare on Elm Street 6: The Final Nightmare) is a 1991 American slasher film and the sixth film in the "A Nightmare on Elm Street" franchise. It is a sequel to "" and was originally intended to be the final installment of the series; "Wes Craven's New Nightmare" was released three years later but takes place outside the series canon. A canonical crossover/sequel, "Freddy vs. Jason", was released in 2003. This was New Line Cinema's first 3D film release.


title: Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare

text: Directed by Rachel Talalay from a screenplay by Michael De Luca, "Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare" stars Lisa Zane, Yaphet Kotto, Breckin Meyer, Shon Greenblatt, Ricky Dean Logan, Lezlie Deane, Tobe Sexton, and Robert Englund as Freddy Krueger. Additionally, several well-known actors make cameo appearances, including: Johnny Depp (whose screen debut was in the original film), Roseanne Barr, Tom Arnold, and Alice Cooper. Iggy Pop sings the title song, which plays during the end credits over a montage of scenes from the previous films in the series.


title: Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare

text: "Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare" was released on September 13, 1991, and grossed $34.9 million in the US on a budget of $9–11 million, surpassing its 's gross. It was panned by critics upon release.


title: Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare

text: Set "ten years from now", Freddy Krueger has returned and killed nearly every child and teenager in the town of Springwood, Ohio. The only surviving teenager, John Doe, is confronted by Freddy in a dream. John wakes up just outside the Springwood city limits but, due to a head injury, does not remember who he is or why he is there.


title: Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare

text: At a shelter for troubled youth, three of the residents—Spencer, an affluent stoner who is resisting his dad's attempts to get him to conform; Carlos, a troubled kid who was physically abused by his mother to the point of becoming deaf in one ear; and Tracy, a tough girl who was sexually abused by her father—plot to run away to California. The police find John and take him to the shelter, where he becomes a patient of Dr. Maggie Burroughs. Maggie notices a newspaper clipping from Springwood in John's pocket. To attempt to cure John's amnesia, she plans a road trip to Springwood. In an attempt to run away, Tracy, Carlos, and Spencer stow away in the van, but they are discovered when John has a hallucination and almost wrecks the van just outside Springwood.


title: Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare

text: Tracy, Spencer, and Carlos attempt to leave Springwood but not before stopping to rest at the abandoned 1428 Elm Street. John and Maggie visit the Springwood orphanage and discover that Freddy had a child. John believes he is that child, because Freddy allowed him to live. Back on Elm Street, Carlos and Spencer fall asleep and are killed by Freddy. Tracy is almost killed, but is awakened by Maggie. John, who went into the dream world with Tracy to try to help Spencer, is still asleep. Maggie and Tracy take John back to the shelter. On their way back, Krueger attacks John in his dream. Before killing John, Krueger reveals that his child is a girl; as John dies, he tells this to Maggie. Tracy and Maggie return to the shelter, but they find that no one remembers John, Spencer, or Carlos except for Doc, who has learned to control his dreams. Maggie finds her adoption papers and realizes that she is Freddy's daughter. Her birth name was Katherine Krueger, but her name was changed to Maggie Burroughs when her father was arrested and subsequently murdered.


title: Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare

text: Doc discovers that Freddy's power comes from dream demons who continually revive him, and that Freddy can be killed if he is pulled into the real world. Maggie decides that she will be the one to enter Freddy's mind and pull him into the real world. Once in the dream world, she puts on a pair of 3D glasses and enters Freddy's mind. In his mind, she learns that Freddy was teased as a child, was abused by his foster father, inflicted self-abuse as a teenager, and murdered his wife. Freddy was given the power to become immortal by fiery demons. Maggie struggles to pull Freddy into the real world but eventually succeeds.


title: Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare

text: Maggie and Freddy end up in hand-to-hand combat against one another; she uses several weapons confiscated from patients at the shelter. Enraged by the knowledge of what he has done, Maggie tears off Freddy's clawed glove and stabs him through the stomach with it, embedding the glove's claws into a steel support beam and leaving Freddy suspended above the ground. Tracy tosses Maggie a pipe bomb which she throws into Freddy's chest. The three dream demons, unable to revive him in the real world, fly out of Freddy after the pipe bomb kills him. Tracy, Doc and Maggie rejoice as the latter triumphantly declares "Freddy’s dead."


title: Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare

text: The previous five installments of the "Elm Street" franchise had considerably helped the finances of New Line Cinema that it earned the nickname "The House that Freddy Built" but the studio had also begun to develop other franchises (for example "Critters" and, by 1990, "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles"). Bob Shaye recalled in the "Never Sleep Again" documentary in 2010 that "frankly it was time to move on and we had other projects we wanted to focus on". The decision was made to make the sixth entry the final film in the Elm Street series. Director Rachel Talalay had produced most of the previous installments and was keen to helm the sixth film as its director; she also had a number of ideas that would help refresh the series including not calling the title Nightmare on Elm Street Part 6 and incorporating more humor into this entry which she felt was lacking from the previous film. The production of Freddy's Dead coincided with the original airing of Twin Peaks which was later acknowledged as an influence on the film with its more surreal humorous aspects. Elements of this can be seen throughout the film including Freddy using a version of the Nintendo Power Glove to control Spencer's character and dragging a bed of spikes to impale John Doe in a manner reminiscent of a Hanna-Barbera cartoon.


title: Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare

text: In the original script, 15-year-old Jacob Johnson (son of the 's main character Alice Johnson) is the major character, and many of the dream warriors from "" return to aid Jacob in defeating Freddy after he kills Alice. This idea was later discarded. Peter Jackson also wrote a screenplay that was not used; his story was about teenagers who did not see Freddy as a threat and took sleeping pills to enter Freddy's world. Jackson's script also included a police officer put into a comatose state to permanently be in Freddy's realm.


title: Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare

text: John Carl Buechler was the chief special make-up effects artist for the film, returning to the series after serving the same role in "". He also contributed to the film's 3-D "Freddyvision" climax.


title: Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare

text: The last ten minutes of the film are in 3D. To cue the audience to put on their 3D glasses, Maggie is seen to put on her 3D glasses in the film. The effect was eliminated for the VHS, Blu-ray, and television releases, with the exception of the UK and French rental version and the US LaserDisc version. The DVD box set released in 1999 reinstated the 3D effect and included two pairs of 3D glasses. Rachel Talalay revealed that whilst the film was being processed in 3D, the lab developing the print accidentally sent them a two-second clip from the then-unreleased "".


title: Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare

text: Unlike its predecessor, there was relatively little editing of violent sequences as mandated by the MPAA. Rachel Talalay noted that the original cut of the film was long and, as a result, several sequences were either removed or significantly shortened (a total of around 47 minutes of footage was removed from the final print of the film).


title: Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare

text: The work-print for "Freddy's Dead" is available online and includes much of the deleted material. This includes Maggie discussing her nightmares with her mother, more dialogue between Doc and Tracy, additional footage of the Springwood Fair and the discovery of Freddy's basement lair. Rachel Talalay suggested that the reason the footage was removed was so the audience could "get to Freddy quicker". Some of the more disturbing elements of John's first nightmare were also trimmed down.


title: Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare

text: Warner Bros. Records released the film soundtrack on September 24, 1991. Although not included on the soundtrack, the song "In-a-Gadda-Da-Vida" by Iron Butterfly is featured in the film.


title: Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare

text: As a publicity stunt for both "Freddy's Dead" and the comic storylines that were still being released around the film's cinematic release, New Line Cinema held a mock funeral for Freddy Krueger at Hollywood Forever Cemetery in Los Angeles, including attendants from the film series such as Alice Cooper, Lezlie Deane, Shon Greenblatt, Ricky Dean Logan, Breckin Meyer, Tobe Sexton, Lisa Zane, Lisa Wilcox and Whit Hertford. Andy Mangels and Rachel Talalay were among others present. On encouragement by New Line Cinema, the Los Angeles mayor at the time, Tom Bradley, declared September 13 to be "Freddy Krueger Day", but this move was heavily criticized for glorifying a mass murderer, with Robert Englund adding that "we have to separate crime reality from movie escapism".


title: Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare

text: "Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare" made $12.9 million in its opening weekend, which was the highest opening weekend of the series until the release of "Freddy vs. Jason" and the biggest September opening at the time, ranking number 1 at the box office. In its second weekend it made $6.6 million and remained in the top spot, before falling to number 7 in its third weekend. After its initial run, the film grossed $34.9 million in the United States and Canada, making it the fifth-highest-grossing film in the series.


title: Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare

text: The film holds a 24% positive rating on film review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes based on 33 reviews, with an average rating of 4.00/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Reducing the once-terrifying Dream Reaper into a goofy caricature, this joyless climax will leave audiences hoping "Freddy" stays dead." "Austin Chronicle" wrote, "Freddy Krueger ... has devolved from the horrific, ill-defined phantasm posited in the original film, into a bland and annoyingly predictable boogeyman loved by kids everywhere."


title: Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare

text: The song "Why Was I Born? (Freddy's Dead)", written for the film, was nominated for a Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Original Song. In the 2010 documentary Never Sleep Again, Lisa Zane commented that she had submitted a Bond-esque ballad called "The Worst Is Over" for use over the end credits but "Why Was I Born" was chosen instead. Director Rachel Talalay had worked with Iggy Pop on the 1990 film "Cry-Baby" and offered him the chance to compose a song for the film.


title: Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare

text: Innovation Publishing published a three-issue comic adaptation of the film. An alternate version of the third issue was published in 3D to recreate the effect used in the film. The series was also published in trade paperback format. Innovation followed the adaptation with "A Nightmare on Elm Street: The Beginning", which served as a direct sequel to "Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare". In the sequel, Maggie Burroughs continues to have nightmares of her father, Freddy Krueger. Burroughs travels back to Springwood with Tracy, another survivor from the film, to research Freddy's life leading up to his death at the hands of the Springwood parents. Only the first two issues of the series were released before Innovation Publishing declared bankruptcy. The third issue went unpublished, and the story remains incomplete. Series writer Andy Mangels made the original script for the third issue available on his website.


title: Dum Laga Ke Haisha

text: Dum Laga Ke Haisha (), released internationally as My Big Fat Bride, is a 2015 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Sharat Katariya, starring Ayushmann Khurrana and Bhumi Pednekar, Sanjay Mishra and Seema Pahwa in the lead roles. The film's background score is composed by Italian composer Andrea Guerra. The film was released on 27 February 2015 to good critical reception. Box Office India stated that the film collected domestically after a five-week run. The film celebrated 50 days of its theatrical run on 16 April 2015. The film's final worldwide gross was .


title: Dum Laga Ke Haisha

text: "Dum Laga Ke Haisha" received five nominations at the 61st Filmfare Awards, winning two, Best Female Debut for Pednekar and Best Cinematography. The song "Moh Moh Ke Dhaage" got three nominations for its lyrics by Varun Grover and vocals by Papon and Monali Thakur. The film also won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi.


title: Dum Laga Ke Haisha

text: In 1995, Prem Prakash Tiwari is a young owner of a video cassette shop in the local market of Haridwar, who subscribes to a nationalist organisation . He daily visits its branch for their early morning ritual of recitation of the national anthem, pledge to the nation & exercise. One of the key values of the organisation is abstinence, although senior members are married & there are no restrictions on the marriage of junior members. However, it is expected that their members should not indulge in their married life at the expense of service to the nation. His father is keen on getting him married to an educated overweight girl Sandhya. In spite of not liking her, the school drop out Prem agrees to marry her as he cannot win over a girl with 'Juhi Chawla-level-of-looks.' In addition, as Sandhya is trying to be a school teacher, his family asks him to think of this alliance for financial help too. Eventually, in an elaborate community-wedding ceremony, Prem and Sandhya get married.


title: Dum Laga Ke Haisha

text: Prem visibly shows his disinterest in the marriage and does not consummate the marriage on the wedding night. While his sister, aunt and mother argue about his non-existent life, Prem leaves for Agra. At home, Sandhya tries to get Prem attracted to her. But he is too embarrassed to even walk with her on the street. Prem and Sandhya's relationship remains strained although they share a kiss and have sex on their second night together. The branch manager advises him that since he could not uphold his oath of abstinence he should rather focus on his married life. Over time, Sandhya's frustration shows; when Prem's aunt brings up a petty topic, the two have a heated exchange of words and she tells them how he does not treat her well.


title: Dum Laga Ke Haisha

text: Amidst all this a close friend of Prem, Nirmal gets married. Prem and Sandhya go for the ceremony where due to his excessive drinking and jealousy over Nirmal's pretty wife, he tells everyone that sleeping with Sandhya feels like hell. Sandhya hears this and slaps him in front of his friends and he slaps her back. The following morning, Sandhya reflects on what she's been through, feels she has had enough and decides to leave Prem. She blames her father-in-law for his lack of respect towards women and not giving his son a proper education. Sandhya's mother tries to pacify her, saying she must return to her husband. But she decides that she can live by herself. Meanwhile, Prem decides to channel his energy into studying and to take his English paper again; he enrols for the examination. His friends give up on him; after a verbal squabble, they throw him out of the group. He studies sincerely for the exam, but at the time of his exam, he is overwhelmed by the emotional turmoil & is not able to write a word. Ultimately he plainly writes an emotional message to the person checking his paper that if at all he feels any pity for his state he should not award him with a zero or else his family would be reduced to zero (indicating his suicide attempt).


title: Dum Laga Ke Haisha

text: Soon, Nirmal's father opens a shop selling music CDs in the same market, clearly affecting Prem's family business. Prem's family talks to Nirmal's family and the discussion ends with Nirmal challenging him to participate and win the "Dum Lagao" contest, which entails him carrying his wife on his shoulders and running an obstacle course. Meanwhile, Sandhya and Prem reach the court to file for divorce. There, Sandhya reveals that she married him because she genuinely liked him. On the other hand, Prem bluntly says that he married her because he was under family pressure. Prem's father pleads the judge that divorce should not happen on petty issues & his family is more than happy to take her home, Sandhya's parents too feel the same & support him. The court decides that the two must spend six months with each other and try to salvage their marriage. Both decide to live together just as a formality, but they soon begin to get on, as they both start understanding each other. Meanwhile, Sandhya is coerced into the contest. Sandhya also feels that Prem should take her to the contest, but it seems that Prem is too volatile to think straight. They start coming close each passing day, but in Prem's own words they lack co-ordination & are a total mismatch.


title: Dum Laga Ke Haisha

text: One fine day as Prem returns home, he is disgusted to see that his family members are pretending to love culinary skills of Sandhya, which is basically boiled food devoid of spices. He finally snaps and expresses his anguish of this pretence everywhere & attempts suicide. At that same time, a police constable arrives at his home, owing to the complaint regarding his emotional letter (attempt to suicide) he had earlier written in his English exam. At this point Sandhya is moved & feels the pain of Prem, they have an open-hearted conversation & both realise that they might not be the perfect spouse for one another but care for each other deeply. Sandhya gets accepted for a teaching job in Meerut, which she gladly accepts since she feels that there is no one who cares about her anymore. When she tells Prem about it, he cannot come to terms with losing her & realises that he is in love with her.


title: Dum Laga Ke Haisha

text: On the day of competition, Prem's aunt successfully convinces him to participate in the competition and the couple takes a last chance to save their marriage. Surprisingly, Prem shoulders the weight of his wife and surges past all other contestants. In the last lap, Sandhya confesses to Prem that she does not want to go to Meerut and wants Prem to let her stay. Prem knows winning this competition is the only way to do this and pushes himself further to eventually win the race.


title: Dum Laga Ke Haisha

text: Prem does not let Sandhya get off his back even after the race is over. He takes her back all the way to his house where they seal their love with a kiss.


title: Dum Laga Ke Haisha

text: The story of the movie is set in Haridwar and Rishikesh. "Dum Laga Ke Haisha" is the first Bollywood film to be entirely shot in the twin temple towns. The script of "Dum Laga Ke Haisha" was written in 2007, almost seven years before the release.


title: Dum Laga Ke Haisha

text: Bhumi Pednekar was selected for the female lead, making this her debut film. The role required the actress to be overweight As a result, she gained 30 kg to land the role.


title: Dum Laga Ke Haisha

text: The censor board muted the word "lesbian" and replaced four words in the film. The film had a platform release in India, opening on 775 screens. The film released in UAE on 23 April 2015. As of 20 March 2015, this film has not been released in North America or Europe.


title: Dum Laga Ke Haisha

text: The film features original musical score composed by Italian composer Andrea Guerra. The composer best known for his score for "The Pursuit of Happyness" starring Will Smith made his debut in Bollywood with this film.


title: Dum Laga Ke Haisha

text: Kumar Sanu has sung two songs in the film, while Sadhana Sargam makes a comeback with this album. Other singers are Papon, Bishal Phukan, Kailash Kher, sisters Jyoti and Sultana Nooran, Malini Awasthi, Rahul Ram and Monali Thakur. Monali Thakur sang "Moh Moh Ke Dhage", for which she won the National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer. Moh Moh ke Dhagge is arranged by Hitesh Modak


title: Dum Laga Ke Haisha

text: The "Hindustan Times" stated that while "You know from the onset that the guy will get his girl", the film "bucks stereotypes in many, many ways". Bollywood Hungama praised the film's lead actors Bhumi and Ayushman's performances, but criticised direction by Sharat Kataria and editing of the film. Koimoi rated . Shubhra Gupta of the "Indian Express" gave it . Rajeev Masand of CNN-IBN gave the film . NDTV gave a positive review with . Anuj Kumar of "The Hindu" praised the movie saying "Dum Laga Ke Haisha: A well-rounded effort".


title: Dum Laga Ke Haisha

text: Dum Laga Ke Haisha's net gross was 30 crore and the film was declared as a "Hit" by the Box Office India.


title: Dum Laga Ke Haisha

text: Box Office India stated the film opened well, earning in first two days in India. The film nett. grossed around on first Sunday to take the first weekend nett. gross to . The film nett. grossed on first Monday. On its first Tuesday, the film saw fall in collections as it managed to collect of 5th day, taking the five-day total to nett.. The film nett. grossed in 10 days. Dum Laga Ke Haisha became one of the few Hindi films, which earned more in second weekend () than the first weekend (). Dum Laga Ke Haisha recorded highest 5th weekend in 2015 with () nett. gross. After a five-week run, the film earned .


title: Vs. (Pearl Jam album)

text: Vs. (pronounced "versus") is the second studio album by American rock band Pearl Jam, released October 19, 1993 through Epic Records. After a relentless touring schedule in support of their 1991 debut album "Ten", Pearl Jam headed into the studio in early 1993 facing the challenge of following up the commercial success of its debut. The resulting album, "Vs.", featured a rawer and more aggressive sound compared with the band's previous release. It was the band's first collaboration with producer Brendan O'Brien and its first album with drummer Dave Abbruzzese.


title: Vs. (Pearl Jam album)

text: Pearl Jam decided to scale back its promotional efforts for "Vs.", including declining to produce music videos for any of the album's singles. Upon its release, "Vs." sold 950,378 copies in its first five days on sale, which set the record for most copies of an album sold during its first week and record it held for five years. "Vs." occupied the number one spot on the "Billboard" 200 chart for five weeks, the longest duration for a Pearl Jam album. The album received critical acclaim from critics and has been certified seven times platinum by the RIAA in the United States.


title: Vs. (Pearl Jam album)

text: For its second album, Pearl Jam felt the pressure of trying to match the success of its debut album, "Ten". In a 2002 interview, guitarist Mike McCready said, "The band was blown up pretty big and everything was pretty crazy." "Vs." was the first Pearl Jam album to have production duties handled by Brendan O'Brien. It was also the band's first album with drummer Dave Abbruzzese, who had joined the band in August 1991 and toured for the album "Ten". Rehearsals for "Vs." began in February 1993 at Potatohead Studio in Seattle, Washington. The band then moved to The Site in Nicasio, California in March 1993 to begin recording. Abbruzzese called the tranquil recording site "paradise" while lead vocalist Eddie Vedder said, "I fucking hate it here ... I've had a hard time ... How do you make a rock record here?"


title: Vs. (Pearl Jam album)

text: The band took the approach of recording one song at a time, and agreed with O'Brien to mix the songs as each one was finished. O'Brien had the band members set up much as they do live, and most of the songs were developed out of jam sessions. Guitarist Stone Gossard said, "I think we allowed things to develop in a more natural, band-oriented sort of way, rather than me bringing in a bunch of stuff that was already arranged." Gossard added that most of the songs were arranged once Vedder joined in and started singing, elaborating, "You could tell when the music wanted to change just by the way he was singing." In a 2009 interview, Gossard stated, "["Vs."] was probably where it felt better recording wise. I saw how it could change and evolve which gave me a lot of inspiration to go we can do ballads, we can do fast stuff, we can do slow stuff, we can do punk stuff. That was where I realized there were going to be a lot of places to go with Ed."


title: Vs. (Pearl Jam album)

text: The first week of recording produced "Go", "Blood", "Rats", and "Leash" before the band hit a lull. In order to keep up his intensity, Vedder traveled into San Francisco and began sleeping in his truck, as well as the sauna at the recording studio. Bassist Jeff Ament said, "Recording "Vs.", there was a lot more pressure on Ed. The whole follow-up. I thought we were playing so well as a band that it would take care of itself ... He was having a hard time finishing up the songs; the pressure, and not being comfortable being in such a nice place." Ament added that "toward the end it got fairly intense" and that the band "tried to make it as uncomfortable for [Vedder] as we could." Eventually the band was able to get "back on track" according to Ament as Vedder was allowed "to get in the space of his songs". The album was finished in May 1993. Vedder later said, "The second record, that was the one I enjoyed making the least ... I just didn't feel comfortable in the place we were at because it was very comfortable. I didn't like that at all."


title: Vs. (Pearl Jam album)

text: The album featured a much looser and rawer sound compared to the band's debut album, "Ten". Ament said, "When we made "Vs.", our second record, I remember thinking, 'Man, I wish our first record sounded like this.' I thought it was more direct, more powerful." Besides the heavier songs, the album features two acoustic ballads in "Daughter" and "Elderly Woman Behind the Counter in a Small Town". A few songs incorporate elements of funk, including "Animal", "Blood", and "Rats". McCready stated that it was not that the band "sat down and decided to be funky", but rather it came from the band "exploring different directions and combining our influences". Paul Evans of "Rolling Stone" said "'Animal', 'Daughter' and 'Blood' ... are songs of a kind of ritual passion, tapping into something truly wild." In a 2002 interview, Gossard said, "We got our heavyosity out on that record."


title: Vs. (Pearl Jam album)

text: The songs on the album tackle personal as well as social and political concerns. Vedder said that "you write what comes to you ... You try to reflect the mood of the songs." Topics on the album include child abuse ("Daughter"), gun culture ("Glorified G"), police racism ("W.M.A."), and the media ("Blood"). "Daughter", "Dissident", and "Elderly Woman Behind the Counter in a Small Town" are three storytelling songs. "Daughter" tells the story of a child who is abused by her parents because they do not understand her learning disability; "Dissident" tells the story of a woman who takes in a political fugitive; and "Elderly Woman Behind the Counter in a Small Town" tells the story of an old lady who has been stuck in a small town her whole life.


title: Vs. (Pearl Jam album)

text: "Glorified G", a song mocking gun enthusiasts, was inspired by an incident that involved Abbruzzese telling the band he had just bought two guns, which sparked a conversation about guns within the band. "W.M.A." was inspired by an incident that happened outside Pearl Jam's rehearsal studio in which Vedder got into an altercation with a group of police officers who hassled a black friend of his but ignored him. Vedder said that "Rearviewmirror" is about being "in a car, leaving ... a bad situation". Vedder stated that "Rats" is about the idea that "rats are probably a hell of a lot more admirable" than humans. "Leash" was written about the same girl that the "Ten" song "Why Go" is about. Regarding "Indifference", Vedder said it is about "[trying to] do something to make some other peoples' lives better than they are, even if it means going through hell. Three Faces of Me."


title: Vs. (Pearl Jam album)

text: "Vs." debuted at the top of the "Billboard" 200 album chart and stayed there for five weeks. "Vs." sold 950,378<nowiki> </nowiki>copies in its first five days of release, which set a record for the most copies of an album sold in its first week of release and outperformed all other entries in the "Billboard" top ten that week combined. "Vs." held this record for five years before it was broken by Garth Brooks' 1998 album, "Double Live". While "Double Live" officially beat "Vs." in first week sales, "Vs." still holds an unbreakable record in that SoundScan only counted the first five days of an album's release in its first week sales until 1998. "Vs." has been certified seven times platinum by the RIAA, and, as of July 2013, has sold 7,400,000 copies in the United States according to Nielsen SoundScan.


title: Vs. (Pearl Jam album)

text: "Rolling Stone" staff writer Paul Evans gave "Vs." a favorable review, saying, "Few American bands have arrived more clearly talented than this one did with "Ten"; and "Vs." tops even that debut." He added, "Like Jim Morrison and Pete Townshend, Vedder makes a forte of his psychological-mythic explorations ... As guitarists Stone Gossard and Mike McCready paint dense and slashing backdrops, he invites us into a drama of experiment and strife." Jon Pareles of "The New York Times" stated that "Pearl Jam uses its new album ... to broaden its music," and added that "most of the album ... projects individual misery as public catharsis." AllMusic staff writer Steve Huey gave the album four out of five stars, saying ""Vs." may not reach the majestic heights of "Ten", but at least half the record stands with Pearl Jam's best work."


title: Vs. (Pearl Jam album)

text: David Browne of "Entertainment Weekly" gave the album a B−. He said, ""Vs." is not a carbon copy of "Ten"; for that alone, [Pearl Jam] get points." However, he countered by saying that ""Vs." confirms once and for all that there's nothing underground or alternative about [Pearl Jam]." "Village Voice" critic Robert Christgau gave the album a rating.


title: Vs. (Pearl Jam album)

text: Pearl Jam made a conscious decision beginning with the release of "Vs." to scale back its commercial efforts. "We pulled back after the second record pretty hard," Ament stated. "A lot of it had to do with being in the eye of the storm and not being able to think straight." The band declined to produce music videos after the very successful "Jeremy", and opted to give fewer interviews as well as make fewer television appearances. "Ten years from now," Ament said, "I don't want people to remember our songs as videos."


title: Vs. (Pearl Jam album)

text: "Vs." included the hit singles "Go", "Daughter", "Animal", and "Dissident", all of which placed on the Mainstream Rock and Modern Rock charts. "Daughter" was the most successful song from "Vs." on the rock charts, reaching the number one spot on both the Mainstream Rock and Modern Rock charts and spending a total of eight weeks at number one on the former. Album tracks "Glorified G" and "Elderly Woman Behind the Counter in a Small Town" also charted. At the 1995 Grammy Awards, "Daughter" received a nomination for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal and "Go" received a nomination for Best Hard Rock Performance. "Vs." received a nomination for Best Rock Album.


title: Vs. (Pearl Jam album)

text: In 2011, Pearl Jam released a remastered "Vs.", along with "Vitalogy", in three formats: an Expanded Version, a three-CD Deluxe Edition and a Limited Edition Collector's Boxed Set. The Expanded Version features three bonus tracks recorded by Brendan O'Brien at The Site studio during the "Vs." sessions: a previously unreleased acoustic version of "Hold On", "Cready Stomp" - a previously unreleased studio outtake, and the band's cover of Victoria Williams' "Crazy Mary" featuring Williams on backing vocals and guitar, which had previously been issued on the 1993 tribute album, "". The three-CD Deluxe Edition features both the Legacy Versions of "Vs." and "Vitalogy" with their bonus tracks and a copy of "Live at the Orpheum Theater, Boston, April 12, 1994".


title: Vs. (Pearl Jam album)

text: The album's cover art, photographed by Ament, features a black-and-white picture of an angora goat from Lifeline Farm in Victor, Montana. According to Ament, the cover was a representation of how the band felt at the time, with Ament stating "we were slaves". The album booklet contains additional drawings and writings by Vedder, including one page apparently doodled at a business meeting that says "I will never trust anybody again." The lyric page for "W.M.A." features a portion of a news story concerning Malice Green, a victim of police brutality.


title: Vs. (Pearl Jam album)

text: Originally, the album was titled "Five Against One" (The song "Animal" features the lyric "One, two, three, four, five against one ..."). Concerning the original album title, Gossard said, "For me, that title represented a lot of struggles that you go through trying to make a record ... Your own independence—your own soul—versus everybody else's." The album title was changed at the last minute, first to a self-titled album and then to "Vs.", a nod to the general theme of conflict present in most of the songs on the album. Regarding the title "Vs.", Vedder said, "They were writing all these articles ... Our band against somebody else's band. What the hell are they talking about? You know, don't try to separate the powers that be. We're all in this together."


title: Vs. (Pearl Jam album)

text: The decision to change the album's name at the last minute resulted in a few different versions of the album. There are also different versions of the album that are unrelated to the title. Regarding the different versions of the album, some of the first pressings of the cassette still contained "Five Against One" printed on the cassette itself, the first couple of pressings of the cassette do not contain the title printed on the artwork at all, and the lyrics to "Indifference" are included in the cassette version. The first couple of pressings of the CD do not contain the title printed on the artwork at all, and the initial versions of the CD came in an Ecopak, which was a variation on the traditional CD-sized Digipak. While not rare, they went out of print quickly and are now hard to find. The song titles are not printed on the back cover of this version, but the artwork remains the same. The vinyl version has never had the title printed on it, and the cover art on the vinyl copies is different from the CD and cassette. For all versions, the picture of the "elderly woman" changed at some point after the first pressings. Allegedly, the original woman never gave permission for her picture to be used, so Pearl Jam changed the picture to another woman. The difference is easy to spot, as "the new and improved woman behind the counter" is printed below the picture.


title: Vs. (Pearl Jam album)

text: Pearl Jam promoted the album with tours in the United States in the fall of 1993 and the spring of 1994. The fall 1993 tour focused on the Western United States, while the spring 1994 tour focused on the Eastern United States. Industry insiders compared Pearl Jam's tour to the touring habits of Led Zeppelin, in that the band "ignored the press and took its music directly to the fans". During this tour the band set a cap on ticket prices in the attempt to thwart scalpers.


title: Vs. (Pearl Jam album)

text: Several songs from the band's third album, "Vitalogy", were premiered during this tour. The band's April 3, 1994 concert in Atlanta, Georgia at the Fox Theatre was broadcast live on the radio in the United States. A few days later, the body of Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain was found in his home in Seattle due to an apparent suicide, which deeply affected Vedder. At the band's April 8, 1994 concert in Fairfax, Virginia at the Patriot Center, Vedder proclaimed, "I don't think any of us would be in this room tonight if it weren't for Kurt Cobain." Vedder later said that "the day that we found out about Kurt ... I was just spinning. I was lost and didn't know if we should play, or if we should just go home, or if we should attend the services. I still have some regrets about that, even though in the end it was probably better that we played the last two weeks of the tour. I decided I would play those next two weeks and then I'd never have to play again."


title: Vs. (Pearl Jam album)

text: Pearl Jam was outraged when it discovered after a pair of shows in Chicago, Illinois in March 1994 that ticket vendor Ticketmaster had added a service charge to the tickets. Following the tour, the band brought a lawsuit against Ticketmaster that accused them of being a monopoly whose anticompetitive practices allowed markup prices of more than 30%. The band's intention was to get ticket prices lowered for its fans. Pearl Jam's plans for a 1994 summer tour were cancelled as a result of a Ticketmaster boycott.


title: Vs. (Pearl Jam album)

text: On April 16, 2016, at the Bon Secours Wellness Arena in Greenville, South Carolina, Pearl Jam played the entire album in order as part of the band's set.


title: Vs. (Pearl Jam album)

text: Performed April 12, 1994 at the Orpheum Theater, Boston, MA. The penultimate show of the Vs. tour, this concert featured some songs from the upcoming follow-up album "Vitalogy". The CD omits eight songs from the original performance: "State of Love and Trust", "Hard to Imagine", "Go", "Animal", "Alone", "Better Man", "Yellow Ledbetter", "I've Got a Feeling" (The Beatles cover).


title: Vs. (Pearl Jam album)

text: Two songs recorded during the sessions but left off the album later appeared on the band's follow-up "Vitalogy": "Whipping" and "Better Man". Both songs made their live debuts at the band's May 13, 1993 concert in San Francisco at Slim's Café, where the band premiered most of the newly recorded songs for "Vs." "Better Man" was said to have been rejected because Vedder was not comfortable with the song's accessibility. Another song recorded during the sessions is "Hard to Imagine", which later appeared on the soundtrack for the 1998 film, "Chicago Cab"; however, that version was recorded during sessions for "Vitalogy". The version recorded for "Vs." appears on the 2003 rarities compilation, "Lost Dogs". According to Gossard, "Hard to Imagine" was cut from "Vs." because the band already had enough mellow songs for the album. Pearl Jam's cover of the Victoria Williams song "Crazy Mary" (to which Williams herself contributed background vocals and guitar) was also recorded during these sessions. "Crazy Mary" appeared on the 1993 tribute album, "", and later on the 2011 "Vs." reissue, as a bonus track. The Pearl Jam/Cypress Hill collaboration "Real Thing" was also recorded around this time. "Real Thing" appeared on the 1993 "Judgment Night" soundtrack.


title: SIS Building

text: The SIS Building or MI6 Building at Vauxhall Cross houses the headquarters of the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS, MI6), the United Kingdom's foreign intelligence agency. It is located at 85 Albert Embankment in Vauxhall, a south western part of central London, on the bank of the River Thames beside Vauxhall Bridge. The building has been the headquarters of the SIS since 1994.


title: SIS Building

text: Previously based at 54 Broadway, the SIS relocated to Century House, a 22-storey office block on Westminster Bridge Road, Lambeth, near Lambeth North and Waterloo stations, in 1964. Its location at Century House was classified information, though "The Daily Telegraph" reported that it was "London's worst-kept secret, known only to every taxi driver, tourist guide and KGB agent". Century House was described as "irredeemably insecure" in a 1985 National Audit Office (NAO) report with security concerns raised in a survey; the modernist building was made largely of glass, and had a petrol station at its base. Security concerns combined with the remaining short leasehold and cost of modernising the building were important factors in moving to a new headquarters.


title: SIS Building

text: The site on which the SIS building stands had been the location of the Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens in the 19th century. Several industrial buildings were subsequently built on the site after the demolition of the pleasure gardens in the 1850s, including a glass factory, a vinegar works and a gin distillery. Archeological excavation of the site during building found the remains of 17th-century glass kilns, as well as barge houses and an inn called "The Vine". Evidence was also found for a river wall on the site.


title: SIS Building

text: In 1983 the site was bought by property developers Regalian Properties. A competition to develop the site was won by architect Terry Farrell, with an urban village as Farrell's original proposal. A scheme of office blocks was subsequently developed for the site, with a government agency as their occupier. The building had been sold for £130 million in 1989, with construction planned to take three years, built by John Laing. SIS ultimately became the occupiers of the building. Farrell's design for the building was influenced by 1930s industrial modernist architecture such as Bankside and Battersea Power Stations and Mayan and Aztec religious temples.


title: SIS Building

text: Regalian approached the government in 1987 to assess their interest in the proposed building. In 1988 Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher approved the purchase of the new building for the SIS. The NAO put the final cost at £135.05 million for site purchase and the basic building or £152.6 million including the service's special requirements.


title: SIS Building

text: The numerous layers over which the building is laid out create 60 separate roof areas. 25 different types of glass were used in the building, with of glass and aluminium used in the building's construction. The windows in the SIS building are triple glazed for security purposes. Due to the sensitive nature of MI6's work, large parts of the building are below street level, with numerous underground corridors serving the building. Amenities for staff include a sports hall, gymnasium, aerobics studio, a squash court and a restaurant. The building also features two moats for protection.


title: SIS Building

text: The building was completed in April 1994 and officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II accompanied by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, in July of that year.


title: SIS Building

text: In September 2000, the building was attacked by unapprehended forces using a Russian-built RPG-22 anti-tank rocket, causing superficial damage. The Metropolitan Police recovered the discarded rocket launcher at Spring Gardens park in Vauxhall, as well as finding remains of the rocket which had exploded against an eighth floor window. Dissident Irish Republicans were believed to have been behind the attack. Writing in "The Daily Telegraph" after the attack, journalist Alan Judd referred to detractors who wished a less visible physical presence for SIS; writing that "Both sides of the Whitehall debate might now claim vindication by the rocket attack: on the one hand, the building's profile made it an obvious target; on the other, a headquarters with expensive security protection has been shown to be necessary."


title: SIS Building

text: On 1 June 2007, the building and its curtilage were designated as a protected site for the purposes of Section 128 of the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005. The effect of the act was to make it a specific criminal offence for a person to trespass onto the site.


title: SIS Building

text: In August 2010, two men from North Wales were arrested after a parcel bomb was found at the SIS building's postal handling centre.


title: SIS Building

text: The Queen visited Vauxhall Cross for a second time in February 2006, and Charles, Prince of Wales visited in July 2008. In June 2013, Prince Harry visited Vauxhall Cross and was given a briefing on intelligence by staff. During the Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant, part of the celebrations for the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II in 2012, the London Philharmonic Orchestra played the "James Bond Theme" as they passed the building. "The Daily Telegraph" wrote that "Even MI6 managed to join the party – just. Its headquarters at Vauxhall sported a few discreet rows of bunting. But its balconies remained empty."


title: SIS Building

text: The building was lit with pink lights to raise awareness of breast cancer in 2013. In January 2013, the building was briefly put into a state of alert after the Vauxhall helicopter crash.


title: SIS Building

text: The SIS building was reviewed favourably by Deyan Sudjic in "The Guardian" in 1992; he described it as an "epitaph for the architecture of the eighties". Sudjic wrote that "It's a design which combines high seriousness in its classical composition with a possible unwitting sense of humour. The building could be interpreted equally plausibly as a Mayan temple or a piece of clanking art deco machinery", and added that the most impressive thing about Farrell's design was the way he had not "confined himself to a single idea" as the building "grows and develops as you move around it". In their 2014 "Guide to London's Contemporary Architecture", Kenneth Allinson and Victoria Thornton wrote: Feargus O'Sullivan on the other hand mentioned the nickname "Ceaușescu Towers" for the building, referring to the architecture of Socialist Romania, and derided the whole neighbourhood of newly constructed buildings in Vauxhall as "Dubai-on-Thames".


title: SIS Building

text: Vauxhall Cross has featured in several recent "James Bond" films, where it is depicted as the home base of the fictional 00 Section and its associated Q Branch. The building was first featured in "GoldenEye" in 1995 and was depicted as having been attacked in "The World Is Not Enough" (1999), "Skyfall" (2012), and "Spectre" (2015). For "Skyfall" a model of the building was constructed at Pinewood Studios. A special premiere of "Skyfall" was held at Vauxhall Cross for MI6 staff, who cheered when their headquarters was attacked in the film. Filming for the 24th Bond film, "Spectre", took place on the Thames near Vauxhall Cross in May 2015, with the fictional controlled demolition of the building playing a key role in the finale sequence of the film.


title: Rick and Morty (season 4)

text: The fourth season of the animated television series "Rick and Morty" was confirmed by Adult Swim in May 2018. The season consists of 10 episodes. The first five episodes of the season aired from November 10, 2019 to December 15, 2019, while the remaining five aired from May 3, 2020 to May 31, 2020.


title: Rick and Morty (season 4)

text: Following the conclusion of the third season in October 2017, the future of the show had remained in question, with no announcement of renewal or status of production. In March 2018, Harmon tweeted that he had not begun writing for a new season, in part because Adult Swim had not ordered any new episodes yet. Harmon explained that contract negotiations were more complicated than previous seasons.


title: Rick and Morty (season 4)

text: Co-creators Dan Harmon and Justin Roiland wanted to have assurance that there would be many more seasons of "Rick and Morty" in the future, so that they would be able to focus on the show and minimize their involvement in other projects. Harmon had also stated that he wishes for future seasons to consist of more than ten episodes, saying: "Now I'm about to do season 4 of "Rick and Morty" and want to prove that I've grown." This was in reference to him admitting that he should work more efficiently, control his perfectionism, and avoid past mistakes that had resulted in the third season of the show comprising only ten episodes instead of fourteen, as was initially intended.