title: Black Book (film)

text: "Black Book" is not a true story, unlike "Soldier of Orange", but Verhoeven states that many of the events are true. As in the film, the German headquarters were in the Hague. In 1944 many Jews that tried to cross to liberated parts of the southern Netherlands were entrapped by Dutch policemen. As in the film, crossing attempts took place in the Biesbosch. Events are related to the life of Verhoeven, who was born in 1938 and grew up in the Hague during the Second World War. The execution of Müntze by German firing squad after the war had ended echoes the notorious May 1945 German deserter execution incident.


title: Black Book (film)

text: The initial estimate of the budget for making "Black Book" was €12,000,000. According to film producer Rob Houwer, who worked with Paul Verhoeven on previous films, it was not possible to get the job done for that amount of money. San Fu Maltha produced the film together with three other producers. He tried to economize on different parts such as the scenes in Israel, that could have been left out without changing the plot, but this was not negotiable for Paul Verhoeven.


title: Black Book (film)

text: Because of financing problems, the filming did not start as planned in 2004 but was delayed until August 2005. In this month it was announced that Black Book received about €2,000,000 support from the Netherlands Public Broadcasting, the CoBO Fund, and the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science. There were also several foreign investors, which made the film a Belgian, British, and German coproduction. With a final estimated budget of €18,000,000 the film was the most expensive Dutch film ever, at the time of its release.


title: Black Book (film)

text: In October 2006 twelve crew members and businessmen started a lawsuit in which they demanded the bankruptcy of "Zwartboek Productie B.V.", the legal entity founded for the film. Some of them had already been waiting for more than a year to get their money, in total tens of thousands of euros. Production company Fu Works settled the case and promised to pay the creditors.


title: Black Book (film)

text: The shooting of the film was delayed in 2004 due to financial problems and Paul Verhoeven's health problems. Because of the delay there was a lawsuit regarding lead actress Carice van Houten, who had agreed to act in a play. When van Houten was forced to return to the set, the theater company sued over the costly delay to their own production. The outcome of the lawsuit was that the production company had to pay €60,000 for her unavailability.


title: Black Book (film)

text: Principal photography took place from 24 August until 19 December 2005 on locations in the Netherlands, including Hardenberg, Giethoorn, the Hague, Delft and Dordrecht, and in Israel, by Hocus Focus Films. In the opening scene a real pre-war farm was blown up in the municipality of Hardenberg. The farm had already been declared uninhabitable and ready to be demolished. Some underwater explosions were filmed in a lake near Giethoorn. In the centre of The Hague they built bunkers to cover up modern day objects such as the entrance to an underground car park. The former chemistry faculty building of the Delft University of Technology was used to film prison scenes. Great attention to detail was paid in the film. Several stage props were reproduced from the 1940s, such as signs, posters and the black book itself. Furthermore, in one of the liberation scenes in The Hague, up to 1,200 extras appeared.


title: Black Book (film)

text: During shooting, the general public were able to see "making of" scenes on their mobile phones and on the Internet.


title: Black Book (film)

text: The story of the Jewish woman Rachel Stein in "Zwartboek" is based on Dutch resistant fighter Esmée van Eeghen. Van Gein was based on the lives of Ans van Dijk and Andries Riphagen.


title: Black Book (film)

text: Notary Smaal is based on the unsolved murder of 65-year-old lawyer H. de Boer in The Hague on 30 May 1945 (shortly after the liberation). During the war, de Boer appeared to have maintained good contacts with the German "Sicherheitsdienst".


title: Black Book (film)

text: The screenplay by Paul Verhoeven and Gerard Soeteman was turned into a thriller novel by Dutch writer Laurens Abbink Spaink. The book was published in September 2006 by Uitgeverij Podium and contains photos and an afterword by Verhoeven and Soeteman. Spaink says about the book: "'Black Book' is a literary thriller. Its form is in between the typical American novelisation, only describing what the camera sees, and a literary novel. The novelisation adds something to the film. It gave Rachel Stein a past, memories and a house. In the film she did not have a personal space."


title: Black Book (film)

text: The soundtrack was released on 2 October 2006 by Milan Records. The album contains four 1930s–1940s songs sung by Carice van Houten as she performed them as Rachel Stein in the film. Three are in German, one in English. The other tracks are written by Anne Dudley. The album was recorded in London and produced by Roger Dudley.


title: Black Book (film)

text: The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports a 75% "fresh" rating based on 155 reviews, with an average score of 7.06/10; the general consensus states: "A furious mix of sex, violence, and moral relativism, "Black Book" is shamelessly entertaining melodrama.". Metacritic reported the film had an average score of 71 out of 100, based on 34 reviews.


title: Black Book (film)

text: "Black Book" had its world premiere on 1 September 2006 in Venice, as part of the official selection of the Venice International Film Festival. Here it was nominated for a Golden Lion and won the Young Cinema Award for best international film. The film was also in the official selection of the 2006 Toronto Film Festival.


title: Black Book (film)

text: The Prince of Orange and his wife Princess Máxima attended the Dutch gala premiere of "Black Book" in the Hague on 12 September 2006. Other prominent guests at the premiere were mayor Wim Deetman, minister Hans Hoogervorst, minister Karla Peijs and state secretary Medy van der Laan.


title: Black Book (film)

text: The film was nominated for four Golden Calves at the Netherlands Film Festival in 2006. It won in three categories: the Golden Calf for Best Actress (Carice van Houten), for Best Director (Paul Verhoeven), and for Best Film (San Fu Maltha). "Black Book" was the most awarded film of the 2006 festival.


title: Black Book (film)

text: The United States premiere of "Black Book" was a gala screening at Palm Springs High School on 5 January 2007 during the Palm Springs International Film Festival. On 2 March 2007, "Black Book" was the opening film of the Miami International Film Festival.


title: Black Book (film)

text: Most of the Dutch press were positive about the film. Dana Linsen writes in "NRC Handelsblad": "In "Black Book", Verhoeven does not focus on moral discourse but rather on human measure, and with the non-cynical approach of his female lead and of love he has given new colour to his work." Belinda van de Graaf in "Trouw" writes: "Breathless we run along burning farms, ugly resistance fighters, pretty kraut whores, spies, traitors, and because the story has to go on the coincidences pile up until it makes you laugh. When Carice van Houten screams 'Will it never stop, then!' it is almost kitsch, and not surprisingly already a classic film quote." She compares this film to "Soldier of Orange" and explains why this film is not a stereotypical war film: "The war adventure is no longer based on the male character of the type Rutger Hauer, with his machismo and testosterone, but the small fighter Carice van Houten". Literary critic Jessica Durlacher, daughter of an Auschwitz survivor, describes the film in "Vrij Nederland" with the following comparison: "The reality of 1940–1945 as portrayed in "Black Book" compared to reality is like the Eiffel Tower in Las Vegas compared to the original in Paris."


title: Black Book (film)

text: The international press wrote positively about the film and specifically about van Houten. According to Jason Solomons in "The Observer": ""Black Book" is great fun, an old-fashioned war movie in parts, but with deep undercurrents about fugitive Jews, the Resistance, collaborators and the messy politics of war. This being Verhoeven, there's lots of sex and a scene in which the extremely attractive star (Carice van Houten) bleaches her pubic hair. That aside, hers is a star-making performance, putting even Scarlett [Johansson] in the shade." In the "Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung" Dirk Schümer says Carice van Houten is not only more beautiful, but also a better actress than Scarlett Johansson. Furthermore, he writes in his review: "Europe's Hollywood can actually be better than the original. With his basic instinct sharpened in California, Verhoeven demonstrates here the cinema as a medium of individual tragedy." Jacques Mandelbaum writes in his review in "Le Monde": "This lesson about humanity and about fear can be situated in the wake of several rare masterpieces, that are solemnly confronted by this story"; he also compares "Black Book" with classics like "The Great Dictator", "To Be or Not to Be", and "Monsieur Klein".


title: Black Book (film)

text: Richard Schickel of "Time" named the film one of the Top 10 Movies of 2007, ranking it at #5, calling it a "dark, richly mounted film". While Schickel saw the film as possibly "old-fashioned stylistically, and rather manipulative in its plotting", he also saw "something deeply satisfying in the way it works out the fates of its troubled, yet believable characters."


title: Black Book (film)

text: Before the film was released, the rights for distribution had been sold to distributors in 52 countries. According to the production company Fu Works these sales made the film "Black Book" commercially the most successful Dutch film production ever, at the time of its release.


title: Black Book (film)

text: "Black Book" received a Golden Film (100,000 tickets sold) within a record breaking three days and a Platinum Film (400,000 tickets sold) within three weeks after the Dutch premiere. The film had its millionth visitor on 12 January 2007 and was the first film to receive a Diamond Film award.


title: Black Book (film)

text: "Black Book" had the highest box office gross for a Dutch film in 2006, coming third overall in 2006 in the Netherlands, after the American films "" and "The Da Vinci Code". As of 31 December 2006, the box office gross in the Netherlands was €6,953,118.


title: Sam Fatu

text: Samuel Larry Anoa'i Fatu (born October 11, 1965) is an American retired professional wrestler. He is best known for his appearances with the World Wrestling Federation under the ring names The Tonga Kid and Tama and with World Championship Wrestling as The Samoan Savage.


title: Sam Fatu

text: Fatu debuted as a professional wrestler in 1983, after being trained by the Wild Samoans. Shortly after debuting he joined the World Wrestling Federation as "Samoan No. 4," wrestling at untelevised house shows before making his television debut in the fall of 1983 as the Tonga Kid. Billed as the cousin of Superfly Jimmy Snuka, he entered into his first major feud with Snuka's rival Roddy Piper.


title: Sam Fatu

text: In late 1986, he teamed with Tonga Fifita, who was wrestling under the name King Tonga. Fatu was renamed to Tama, while Fifita was renamed to Haku. Together, they were christened The Islanders. The Islanders gained several key victories, including a tag team battle royal victory over Big John Studd and King Kong Bundy, but ultimately failed to gain the interest of fans. The two were eventually repackaged as villains in April 1987 after attacking The Can-Am Connection during a match; the team was now managed by Bobby Heenan, and used an aggressive, savage style of wrestling as opposed to a scientific style.


title: Sam Fatu

text: When Tom Zenk of the Can-Ams left the WWF later in 1987, the Islanders continued the feud with his partner Rick Martel and ultimately with Martel's new team Strike Force with Tito Santana, and while the two teams generally traded victories during the early part of the feud, once Strike Force won the WWF Tag Team Championship, the Islanders began finding themselves on the losing end, despite having several attempts. In early December 1987, the Islanders were disqualified from a match with the British Bulldogs when they kidnapped the Bulldogs' dog, Matilda. The Islanders were indefinitely suspended in the storyline until Matilda was found. From late January 1988 until early February, the Islanders were consistently beaten by the British Bulldogs.


title: Sam Fatu

text: At a "Saturday Night's Main Event XV" on March 7, they beat The Killer Bees, a tag team consisting of Brian Blair and Jim Brunzell. At Wrestlemania 4, the Islanders, with Bobby Heenan, defeated the Bulldogs and Koko B. Ware, with Matilda. On April 21, Heenan introduced Siva Afi as the newest member of the group, but Afi never made another appearance with the Islanders. Fatu then left the WWF.


title: Sam Fatu

text: After leaving the WWF, Fatu began performing for the World Wrestling Council in Puerto Rico as "Tama". On January 6, 1989, he and Dan Kroffat defeated The Batten Twins to win the WWC World Tag Team Championship. The Batten Twins regained the championship on March 4, 1989.


title: Sam Fatu

text: In 1989, Fatu joined World Championship Wrestling, where he adopted the ring name "The Samoan Savage" and began teaming with his brother Fatu and his cousin Samu as The Samoan SWAT Team. The trio were managed by "The Big Kahuna" Oliver Humperdink. In late 1989, Samu withdrew from in-ring competition and The Samoan SWAT Team was renamed "The New Wild Samoans". At Starrcade in December 1989, The New Wild Samoans competed in the Iron Team round-robin tournament, placing third in a field of four teams.


title: Sam Fatu

text: After leaving WCW, Fatu (wrestling as "The Samoan Savage") journeyed to Mexico to perform for the Universal Wrestling Association along with his brother Fatu and his cousin, The Great Kokina. Billed as "The Hawaiian Beasts", the trio won the UWA World Trios Championship from Los Villanos on April 7, 1991. Los Villanos regained the championship on May 31, 1991. Fatu wrestled three matches for ECW in April 1998.


title: Sam Fatu

text: Fatu competed on the independent circuit until retiring in 2011. In 2005 and 2006, he wrestled in Italy with the Nu Wrestling Evolution promotion.


title: Sam Fatu

text: Fatu appeared as "The Tonga Kid" in the opening scene of the 1986 film "Highlander", where he was involved in a six-man tag team match with Greg Gagne and Jim Brunzell against The Fabulous Freebirds at the Meadowlands Arena. He also starred as "Tonga Tom" in the 1987 wrestling film "Body Slam", along with Dirk Benedict and Roddy Piper.


title: Sam Fatu

text: Fatu was featured in an April 2020 documentary for Vice's "Dark Side of the Ring" series, revealing new information on the May 1983 homicide of Nancy Argentino.


title: Sam Fatu

text: Fatu was born to Matagaono Solofa I'aulaulo and Elevera Anoa'i Fatu. He is a member of the famous Anoaʻi family and is the nephew of Sika Anoaʻi and Afa Anoaʻi, known as the Wild Samoans. He is the twin brother of Solofa Fatu Jr. (Headshrinker Fatu/Rikishi). Samuel is the father of Jacob Fatu, who currently wrestles for Major League Wrestling (MLW). In November 2008, Fatu's wife, Theresa Fuavai-Fatu, went into cardiac arrest while giving birth. Her heart stopped completely before the twins, Marley and Myracle, could be delivered by Caesarean section, but she was spontaneously revived and eventually recovered. This type of incident is very rare, with one of the cardiac surgeons who was working on Theresa saying that he had never seen surviving mothers or babies. Samuel is the older brother of Eddie Fatu (Umaga/Jamal), who died of a heart attack on December 4, 2009.


title: Sam Fatu

text: Other members of the family in professional wrestling include Solofa's twin sons, Jonathan and Joshua Samuel, who currently wrestle in WWE as Jimmy Uso and Jey Uso, and their younger brother Joseph Fatu who debuted in WWE NXT as Solo Sikoa at . His cousins in wrestling are Rodney Anoaʻi (Yokozuna), Samula Anoaʻi (Headshrinker Samu), Matt Anoaʻi (Rosey), Joe Anoaʻi (Roman Reigns), Reno Anoaʻi (Black Pearl), Afa Anoaʻi Jr. (Manu), and Lloyd Anoaʻi (L.A. Smooth). Dwayne Johnson (The Rock) is also considered to be a cousin of Samuel because of the blood brothership between Samuel's great grandfather Reverend Amituana'i Anoa'i and The Rock's grandfather Peter Maivia.


title: Jiaozi

text: Jiaozi (; ; pinyin: jiǎozi) are Chinese dumplings commonly eaten in China and other parts of East Asia. "Jiaozi" are folded to resemble Chinese sycee and have great cultural significance attached to them within China. "Jiaozi" are one of the major dishes eaten during the Chinese New Year throughout Northern China and eaten all year round in the northern provinces. Though considered part of Chinese cuisine, "jiaozi" are popular in other parts of East Asia and in the Western world, where a fried variety is sometimes called potstickers in North America and Chinese dumplings in the UK and Canada. The English-language term "potsticker" is a calque of the Mandarin word "guotie" (鍋貼). "Potsticker" was used by Buwei Yang Chao and her husband Yuen Ren Chao in the book "How to Cook and Eat in Chinese", which was first published in 1945. In northern China, however, "guotie" specifically refers to a type of pan-fried "jiaozi" with its ends left open rather than just any pan-fried "jiaozi".


title: Jiaozi

text: "Jiaozi" typically consist of a ground meat and/or vegetable filling wrapped into a thinly rolled piece of dough, which is then sealed by pressing the edges together. Finished "jiaozi" can be boiled ("shuǐ jiǎo"), steamed ("zhēng jiǎo"), pan fried ("jiān jiǎo"), or deep fried ("zhà jiǎo"), and are traditionally served with a black vinegar and sesame oil dip. They can also be served in a soup ("tāng jiǎo").


title: Jiaozi

text: Traditionally, "jiaozi" were thought to be invented during the era of the Eastern Han (AD 25–220) by Zhang Zhongjing who was a great practitioner of traditional Chinese medicine. "Jiaozi" were originally referred to as "tender ears" () because they were used to treat frostbitten ears. Zhang Zhongjing was on his way home during wintertime, when he found many common people had frostbitten ears, because they did not have warm clothes and sufficient food. He treated these poor people by stewing lamb, black pepper, and some warming medicines in a pot, chopped them, and used them to fill small dough wrappers. He boiled these dumplings and gave them with the broth to his patients, until the coming of the Chinese New Year. In order to celebrate the New Year as well as recovering from frostbitten ears, people imitated Zhang's recipe to make "Jiao'er".


title: Jiaozi

text: Other theories suggest that "jiaozi" may have derived from dumplings in Western Asia. In the Western Han dynasty (206 BC – AD 9) "jiaozi" () were called "jiaozi" (). During the Three Kingdoms period (AD 220–280), the book "Guangya" by Zhang Yi mentions "jiaozi". Yan Zhitui during the Northern Qi dynasty (AD 550–577) wrote: "Today the "jiaozi", shaped like a crescent moon, is a common food in the world." Six Dynasties Turfan tombs contained dumplings. Later in the Tang dynasty (AD 618–907), "jiaozi" become more popular, called "Bian Shi" (). Chinese archaeologists have found a bowl of "jiaozi" in the Tang dynasty tombs in Turpan. 7th or 8th century dumplings and wontons were found in Turfan.


title: Jiaozi

text: "Jiaozi" may also be named because they are horn-shaped. The Chinese word for "horn" is "jiao" (), and "jiaozi" was originally written with the Chinese character for "horn", but later it was replaced by the specific character , which has the food radical on the left and the phonetic component "" () on the right.


title: Jiaozi

text: At the same time, "jiaozi" look like "yuan bao" silver or gold ingots used as currency during the Ming dynasty, and as the name sounds like the word for the earliest paper money, serving them is believed to bring prosperity. Many families eat these at midnight on Chinese New Year's Eve. Some cooks will even hide a clean coin inside a "jiaozi" for the lucky to find.


title: Jiaozi

text: Nowadays, "jiaozi" are eaten year-round, and can be eaten for breakfast, lunch or dinner. They can be served as an appetizer, a side dish, or as the main course. In China, sometimes "jiaozi" is served as a last course during restaurant meals. As a breakfast dish, "jiaozi" are prepared alongside "xiaolongbao" at inexpensive roadside restaurants. Typically, they are served in small steamers containing ten pieces each. Although mainly serving "jiaozi" to breakfast customers, these small restaurants keep them hot on steamers and ready to eat all day. "Jiaozi" are always served with a dipping sauce that may include vinegar, soy sauce, garlic, ginger, rice wine, hot sauce, and sesame oil. They can also be served with soup.


title: Jiaozi

text: Pan-fried dumplings can be joined together by a brown, crispy lattice base created by pouring a flour and water mix into the pan at the end of cooking. In Chinese, this is known as "frost" or "ice crystal" (冰花). The dumplings can also be joined together with an egg base which is topped with green onion and sesame seeds.


title: Jiaozi

text: Common dumpling meat fillings include chicken, pork, beef, shrimp, and fish which are usually mixed with chopped vegetables. Popular vegetable fillings include napa cabbage, scallion (spring onions), celery, leek, spinach, mushroom, carrot, garlic chives, and edible black fungus.


title: Jiaozi

text: There are many ways to fold "jiaozi". Basically, steps for folding the skin includes putting a single pleat in the middle, putting multiple pleats along the edge, making a wavy edge like a pie crust, turning a pleated edge in toward the body resulting in a rounded edge, and putting both ends together resulting in a round shape. Different shapes of Jiaozi require different folding techniques, but the most famous and common technique is the pinched-edge fold. Take a wrapper and put one tablespoon of filling into the center of the wrapper. Fold a half of edge to the other half. Use left thumb and forefinger to pinch one side of the half-moon wrapper, and then use right thumb to push the inside skin outward, right forefinger to make outside skin into small pleats. Use right thumb to clench those pleats. Repeat these steps to the other side of the wrapper, and make sure to clench the seal of Jiaozi. This is crescent-shaped "jiaozi", the most popular shape in China.


title: Jiaozi

text: Jiaozi is called gaau ji in Cantonese and are standard fare in Guangdong style dim sum. The immediate noted difference to Northern style is that they are smaller and wrapped in a thinner translucent skin, and usually steamed. The smaller size and the thinner wrapper make the dumplings easier to cook through with steaming. In contrast to "jiaozi", Guangdong "gaau ji" are rarely home-made because the wrapper, which needs to be thin but tough enough to not break, is more difficult to make. Many types of fillings exist, with the most common type being har gow (), but fillings can include scallop, chicken, tofu, and mixed vegetables; dim sum restaurants often feature their own house specials or innovations. Dim sum chefs and artists often use ingredients in new or creative ways, or draw inspiration from other Chinese culinary traditions, such as Chaozhou, Hakka, or Shanghai. More creative chefs may even create fusion "gaau ji" by using elements from other cultures, such as Japanese (teriyaki) or Southeast Asian (satay or curry), while upscale restaurants may use expensive or exotic ingredients such as lobster, shark fin and bird's nest.


title: Jiaozi

text: Guotie () are a northern Chinese style dumpling popular as a street food, appetizer, or side order in Chinese cuisine. "Guotie" differs from pan fried dumplings, or "jianjiao", in that the shape of "guotie" is usually elongated and the two ends are often left open. "Guotie" is sometimes served on a dim sum menu, but may be offered independently. The filling for both guotie and "jianjiao" usually contains pork (sometimes chicken, or beef in Muslim areas), cabbage (or Chinese cabbage and sometimes spinach), scallions (spring or green onions), ginger, Chinese rice wine or cooking wine, and sesame seed oil. In southern China, the term ""guotie"" is often used as a synonym for the typical "jianjiao" rather than referring to a particular variety of it.


title: Jiaozi

text: Gyoza are a Japanese version of jiaozi that were developed from recipes brought back by Japanese soldiers returning from the Japanese-backed puppet state of Manchukuo in northeastern China during World War II. The Japanese word "gyōza" derives from "giǎoze", the Jilu Mandarin pronunciation of the standard Mandarin "jiǎozi", and is often written using the same Chinese characters.


title: Jiaozi

text: The prevalent differences between Japanese-style gyōza and Chinese-style jiaozi are the rich garlic flavor, which is less noticeable in the Chinese version, and that gyōza wrappers tend to be thinner, due to the fact that most Japanese restaurants use machine-made wrappers. In contrast, the rustic cuisine of poor Chinese immigrants shaped westerners' views that Chinese restaurant jiaozi use thicker handmade wrappers. As jiaozi vary greatly across regions within China, these differences are not as clear in the country of origin. For example, visitors will easily find thin-skinned jiaozi at restaurants in Shanghai and at street food vendors in the Hangzhou region. Gyōza wrappers are actually identical to jiaozi wrappers seen in Chinese households using store-bought machine-made wrappers. Gyōza are usually served with soy-based tare sauce seasoned with rice vinegar and/or chili oil ("rāyu" in Japanese, "làyóu" () in Mandarin Chinese). The most common recipe is a mixture of minced pork (sometimes chicken or beef), cabbage, Asian chives, and sesame oil, and/or garlic, and/or ginger, which is then wrapped in the thinly rolled dough skins. Gyoza share similarities with both pierogi and spring rolls and are cooked in the same fashion as pierogi, either boiled or fried.


title: Jiaozi

text: Gyōza and gyōza wrappers can be found in supermarkets and restaurants throughout Japan, either frozen or ready to eat. Pan-fried gyōza are sold as a side dish in many "ramen" and Chinese restaurants. Both the wrappers and the prepared gyōza themselves are increasingly easy to find in Asian markets around the world.


title: Jiaozi

text: The most popular preparation method is the pan-fried style called "yaki-gyōza" (), in which the dumpling is first fried on one flat side, creating a crispy skin. Then, water is added and the pan sealed with a lid, until the upper part of the dumpling is steamed. This technique is what the Chinese call "guotie" or "potstickers" (see above). Other popular methods include boiling "sui-gyōza" () and deep frying "age-gyōza" ().


title: Jiaozi

text: Store-bought frozen dumplings are often prepared at home by first placing them in a pot of water, bringing it to a boil, and then transferring them to a pan with oil to fry the skin.


title: Jiaozi

text: The Tibetan and Nepalese version is known as momo (Tibetan: མོག་མོག་; Nepali: मम). The word "momo" comes from a Chinese loanword, "momo" (饃饃), which translates to "steamed bread". When preparing momo, flour is filled, most commonly with ground water buffalo meat. Often, ground lamb or chicken meat is used as alternate to water buffalo meat. In Nepal there is also a vegetarian option where mixtures of potato, cheese and other vegetable items are mixed. Finely chopped onion, minced garlic, fresh minced ginger, cumin powder, salt, coriander/cilantro, etc. are added to the meat for flavor. A sauce made from cooked tomatoes flavored with Sichuan pepper and minced red chilies is often served along with momo.


title: Jiaozi

text: The Nepalese momo is usually served with dipping sauces that include tomato based chutneys or sesame based sauces. Sauces can be thick or thin consistency depending on the eatery (locally called "chutney/achhar"), that is normally made with tomato as the base ingredient. In Kathmandu valley, the traditional way of serving momo (momocha) is 10 ping-pong ball sized round momo drowned in a tangy, tomatoey and nutty broth or sauce called Jhol (watery soup / broth in Nepali) achar (served at room temperature, with watery / runny consistency, also known as Kathmandu style momo). Jhol momo has a warm or hot broth poured over momo (not cooked in the soup / broth). To make the jhol achar one of the main ingredients is Nepali Hog Plum (Lapsi), but if unavailable, lemon or lime juice can be used.


title: Jiaozi

text: Jiaozi are often confused with wonton. Jiaozi have a thicker skin and a relatively flatter, more oblate, double-saucer like shape, and are usually eaten with a soy-vinegar dipping sauce (and/or hot chili sauce), while wontons have thinner skin and are usually served in broth as soup. The dough for the jiaozi and wonton wrappers also consist of different ingredients.


title: 1991 Perfect Storm

text: The 1991 Perfect Storm, also known as The No-Name Storm (especially in the years immediately after it took place) and the Halloween Gale/Storm, was a nor'easter that absorbed Hurricane Grace, and ultimately evolved into a small unnamed hurricane itself late in its life cycle. The initial area of low pressure developed off the coast of Atlantic Canada on October 28. Forced southward by a ridge to its north, it reached its peak intensity as a large and powerful cyclone. The storm lashed the east coast of the United States with high waves and coastal flooding before turning to the southwest and weakening. Moving over warmer waters, the system transitioned into a subtropical cyclone before becoming a tropical storm. It executed a loop off the Mid-Atlantic states and turned toward the northeast. On November 1, the system evolved into a full-fledged hurricane, with peak sustained winds of 75 miles per hour (120 km/h), although the National Hurricane Center left it unnamed to avoid confusion amid media interest in the precursor extratropical storm. It later received the name "the Perfect Storm" (playing off the common expression) after a conversation between Boston National Weather Service forecaster Robert Case and author Sebastian Junger. The system was the twelfth and final tropical cyclone, the eighth tropical storm, and fourth hurricane in the 1991 Atlantic hurricane season. The tropical system weakened, striking Nova Scotia as a tropical storm before dissipating.


title: 1991 Perfect Storm

text: Damage from the storm totaled over $200 million (1991 USD) and the death toll was thirteen. Most of the damage occurred while the storm was extratropical, after waves up to struck the coastline from Nova Scotia to Florida and southeastward to Puerto Rico. In Massachusetts, where damage was heaviest, over 100 homes were destroyed or severely damaged. To the north, more than 100 homes were affected in Maine, including the vacation home of then-President George H. W. Bush. More than 38,000 people were left without power, and along the coast high waves inundated roads and buildings. In portions of New England, the damage was worse than that caused by Hurricane Bob two months earlier.


title: 1991 Perfect Storm

text: Aside from tidal flooding along rivers, the storm's effects were primarily concentrated along the coast. A buoy off the coast of Nova Scotia reported a wave height of , the highest ever recorded in the province's offshore waters. In the middle of the storm, the fishing vessel "Andrea Gail" sank, killing her crew of six and inspiring the book, and later movie, "The Perfect Storm". Off the shore of New York's Long Island, an Air National Guard helicopter ran out of fuel and crashed; four members of its crew were rescued and one died. Two people died after their boat sank off Staten Island. High waves swept two people to their deaths, one in Rhode Island and one in Puerto Rico, and another person was blown off a bridge to his death. The tropical cyclone that formed late in the storm's duration caused little impact, limited to power outages and slick roads; one person was killed in Newfoundland from a traffic accident related to the storm.


title: 1991 Perfect Storm

text: The Perfect Storm originated from a cold front that exited the east coast of the United States. On October 28, the front spawned an extratropical low to the east of Nova Scotia. Around that time, a ridge extended from the Appalachian Mountains northeastward to Greenland, with a strong high pressure center over eastern Canada. The blocking ridge forced the extratropical low to track toward the southeast and later to the west. Hurricane Grace was swept aloft by its cold front into the warm conveyor belt circulation of the deep cyclone on October 29, with the storm completely absorbing Grace by the next day. The cyclone significantly strengthened as a result of the temperature contrast between the cold air to the northwest, and the warmth and moisture from the remnants of Grace. The low-pressure system continued deepening as it drifted toward the United States. It had an unusual retrograde motion for a nor'easter, beginning a set of meteorological circumstances that occur only once every 50 to 100 years. Most nor'easters affect New England from the southwest.


title: 1991 Perfect Storm

text: While situated about south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, the storm attained its peak intensity with winds of up to . The nor'easter reached peak intensity at approximately 12:00 UTC on October 30 with its lowest pressure of 972 millibars. The interaction between the extratropical storm and the high pressure system to its north created a significant pressure gradient, which created large waves and strong winds. Between the southern New England coast and the storm's center, the pressure differential was . A buoy located south of Halifax reported a wave height of on October 30. This became the highest recorded wave height on the Scotian Shelf, which is the oceanic shelf off the coast of Nova Scotia. East of Cape Cod, a NOAA buoy located at reported maximum sustained winds of with gusts to , and a significant wave height (average height of the highest one-third of all waves) of around 15:00 UTC on October 30. Another buoy, located at , reported maximum sustained winds of with gusts to and a significant wave height of near 00:00 UTC on October 31.


title: 1991 Perfect Storm

text: Upon peaking in intensity, the nor'easter turned southward and gradually weakened; by November 1, its pressure had risen to . The low moved over warm waters of the Gulf Stream, where bands of convection around the center began to organize. Around this time, the system attained subtropical characteristics. On November 1, while the storm was moving in a counter-clockwise loop, a tropical cyclone had been identified at the center of the larger low. (Although these conditions are rare, Hurricane Karl during 1980 formed within a larger non-tropical weather system.)


title: 1991 Perfect Storm

text: By around 14:00 UTC on November 1, an eye feature was forming, and the tropical cyclone reached its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of ; these estimates, combined with reports from an Air Force Reserve Unit flight into the storm and confirmation that a warm-core center was present, indicated that the system had become a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale. The hurricane accelerated toward the northeast and quickly weakened back into a tropical storm. It made landfall near Halifax, Nova Scotia, at 14:00 UTC on November 2, with sustained winds of . While the storm was approaching the coast, weather radars depicted curved rainbands on the western side of the system. After crossing over Prince Edward Island, the storm fully dissipated late on November 2.


title: 1991 Perfect Storm

text: For several days, weather models forecast the development of a significant storm off New England. However, the models were inadequate in forecasting coastal conditions, which in one instance failed to provide adequate warning. In addition, a post-storm assessment found an insufficient number of observation sites along the coast. On October 27, the Ocean Prediction Center noted that a "dangerous storm" would form within 36 hours, with its wording emphasizing the unusual nature of the storm. The National Weather Service likewise issued warnings for the potential storm, providing information to emergency service offices as well as the media. The public however was skeptical and did not recognize the threat. The timely warnings ultimately lowered the death toll; whereas the Perfect Storm caused 13 deaths, the blizzard of 1978 killed 99 people, and the 1938 New England hurricane killed 564 people.


title: 1991 Perfect Storm

text: From Massachusetts to Maine, thousands of people evacuated their homes and sought shelter. A state of emergency was declared for nine counties in Massachusetts, including Suffolk County, as well as two in Maine. In North Carolina, the National Weather Service offices in Hatteras and Raleigh first issued a heavy surf advisory on October 27, more than eight hours before the first reports of high waves. That same day, a coastal flood watch and later a warning was issued, along with a gale warning. The Hatteras NWS office ultimately released 19 coastal flood statements, as well as media reports explaining the threat from the wind and waves, and a state of emergency was declared for Dare County, North Carolina. The warnings and lead times in the region were described as "very good".


title: 1991 Perfect Storm

text: In Canada, the threat from the storm prompted the cancellation of ferry service from Bar Harbor, Maine, to Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, as well as from Nova Scotia to Prince Edward Island and between Nova Scotia and Newfoundland.


title: 1991 Perfect Storm

text: In its tropical cyclone report on the hurricane, the National Hurricane Center only referred to the system as "Unnamed Hurricane". The Natural Disaster Survey Report called the storm "The Halloween Nor'easter of 1991". The "perfect storm" moniker was coined by author and journalist Sebastian Junger after a conversation with NWS Boston Deputy Meteorologist Robert Case in which Case described the convergence of weather conditions as being "perfect" for the formation of such a storm. Other National Weather Service offices were tasked with issuing warnings for this storm in lieu of the typical NHC advisories. The OPC posted warnings on the unnamed hurricane in its "High Seas Forecasts". The National Weather Service State Forecast Office in Boston issued "Offshore Marine Forecasts" for the storm. Local NWS offices along the East coast covered the storm in their "Coastal Waters Forecasts".


title: 1991 Perfect Storm

text: Beginning in 1950, the National Hurricane Center named officially recognized tropical storms and hurricanes. The unnamed hurricane was reported to have met all the criteria for a tropical cyclone, but it was purposefully left unnamed. This was done to avoid confusion among the media and the public, who were focusing on the damage from the initial nor'easter, as the hurricane itself was not expected to pose a major threat to land. It was the eighth nameable storm of the 1991 Atlantic hurricane season. Had the system been named instead, it would have received the name "Henri", which was the next name on the 1991 list after Grace.


title: 1991 Perfect Storm

text: The Halloween Storm of 1991 left significant damage along the east coast of the United States, primarily in Massachusetts and southern New Jersey. Across seven states, damage totaled over $200 million (1991 USD). Over a three-day period, the storm lashed the northeastern United States with high waves, causing damage to beachfront properties from North Carolina to Maine. The coastal flooding damaged or destroyed hundreds of homes and businesses and closed roads and airports. In addition, high winds left about 38,000 people without power. The total without power was much less than for Hurricane Bob two months prior and was fairly low due to little rainfall and the general lack of leaves on trees. Overall there were thirteen confirmed deaths, including six on board "Andrea Gail", a swordfishing boat. The vessel departed Gloucester, Massachusetts, for the waters off Nova Scotia. After encountering high seas in the middle of the storm, the vessel made its last radio contact late on October 28, about northeast of Sable Island. "Andrea Gail" sank while returning to Gloucester, her debris washing ashore over the subsequent weeks. The crew of six was presumed killed after a Coast Guard search was unable to find them. The storm and the boat's sinking became the center-piece for Sebastian Junger's best-selling non-fiction book "The Perfect Storm" (1997), which was adapted to a major Hollywood film in 2000 as "The Perfect Storm" starring George Clooney.


title: 1991 Perfect Storm

text: USCGC WMEC-616 Diligence and her crew saved three fishing vessels during the perfect storm. Many other coast guard cutters were enduring that severe storm and monstrous waves.


title: 1991 Perfect Storm

text: Despite the storm's severity, it was neither the costliest nor the strongest to affect the northeastern United States. It was weakening as it made its closest approach to land, and the highest tides occurred during the neap tide, which is the time when tide ranges are minimal. The worst of the storm effects stayed offshore. A buoy northeast of Nantucket, which was west of "Andrea Gail" last known position, recorded a rise in wave height in 10 hours while the extratropical storm was still rapidly intensifying. Two buoys near the Massachusetts coast observed record wave heights, and one observed a record wind report. The United States Coast Guard rescued 25 people at sea at the height of the storm, including 13 people from Long Island Sound. A New York Air National Guard helicopter of the 106th Air Rescue Wing ditched during the storm, south of Montauk, New York, after it was unable to refuel in flight and ran out of fuel. After the helicopter had attempted a rescue in the midst of the storm, an 84-person crew on the Coast Guard Cutter "Tamaroa" arrived and rescued four members of the crew of five after six hours in hypothermic waters. The survivors were pilots, Major Christopher David Ruvola and Captain Graham Buschor, flight engineer Staff Sergeant James R. Mioli, and pararescue jumper Technical Sergeant John Spillane. The fifth member, pararescue jumper Technical Sergeant Arden Richard Smith, was never found. They were all featured on the show "I Shouldn't Be Alive".


title: 1991 Perfect Storm

text: Following the storm's damage, President George H. W. Bush declared five counties in Maine, seven counties in Massachusetts, and Rockingham County, New Hampshire to be disaster areas. The declaration allowed for the affected residents to apply for low-interest repair loans. New Jersey governor Jim Florio requested a declaration for portions of the coastline, but the request was denied because of the funding needs of other disasters, such as Hurricane Hugo, Hurricane Bob, and the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. The American Red Cross opened service centers in four locations in Massachusetts to assist the storm victims by providing food, clothing, medicine, and shelter. The agency deployed five vehicles carrying cleanup units and food, and allocated $1.4 million to provide assistance to 3,000 families.


title: 1991 Perfect Storm

text: Along the Massachusetts coastline, the storm produced wave heights on top of a high tide. In Boston, the highest tide was , which was only lower than the record from the blizzard of 1978. High waves on top of the storm tide reached about . The storm produced heavy rainfall in southeastern Massachusetts, peaking at . Coastal floods closed several roads, forcing hundreds of people to evacuate. In addition to the high tides, the storm produced strong winds; Chatham recorded a gust of . Damage was worst from Cape Ann in northeastern Massachusetts to Nantucket, with over 100 homes destroyed or severely damaged at Marshfield, North Beach, and Brant Point. There were two injuries in the state, although there were no fatalities. Across Massachusetts, damage totaled in the hundreds of millions of dollars.


title: 1991 Perfect Storm

text: Elsewhere in New England, waves up to reached as far north as Maine, along with tides that were above normal. Significant flooding was reported in that state, along with high winds that left areas without power. A total of 49 houses were severely damaged, 2 were destroyed, and overall more than 100 were affected. In Kennebunkport, the storm blew out windows and flooded the vacation home of then-President George H. W. Bush. The home sustained significant damage to its first floor. In Portland, tides were above normal, among the ten highest tides since record-keeping began in 1914. Along the coast, damage was worse than that caused by Hurricane Bob two months prior. Across Maine, the storm left $7.9 million (1991 USD) in damage, mostly in York County. More than half of the damage total was from property damage, with the remainder to transportation, seawalls, and public facilities. Although there were no deaths, there were two injuries in the state. In neighboring New Hampshire, coastal flooding affected several towns, destroying two homes. The storm destroyed three boats and damaged a lighthouse. High waves destroyed or swept away over 50,000 lobster traps, representing $2 million in losses (1991 USD). Damage was estimated at $5.6 million (1991 USD). Further west, high winds and coastal flooding lashed the Rhode Island and Connecticut coasts, killing a man in Narragansett, Rhode Island. Winds reached in Newport, Rhode Island, causing power outages.


title: 1991 Perfect Storm

text: Off the coast of Atlantic Canada, the storm produced very high waves, flooding a ship near Sable Island and stranding another ship. Along the coast, the waves wrecked three small boats near Tiverton, Nova Scotia, as well as nine boats in Torbay, Newfoundland and Labrador. In Nova Scotia, where the storm made landfall, precipitation reached 1.18 in (30 mm), and 20,000 people in Pictou County were left without power. The storm also caused widespread power outages in Newfoundland from its high winds, which reached 68 mph (110 km/h) near St. Lawrence. There were at least 35 traffic accidents, one fatal, in Grand Falls-Windsor due to slick roads. On October 28, prior to the nor'easter's development into a subtropical storm, a record 4.4 in (116 mm) of snowfall was recorded across Newfoundland. The storm caused no significant damage in Canada, other than these traffic accidents.


title: 1991 Perfect Storm

text: In New York and northern New Jersey, the storm system left the most coastal damage since the 1944 Great Atlantic hurricane. Numerous boats were damaged or destroyed, killing two people off Staten Island. High winds swept a man off a bridge, killing him. High waves flooded the beach at Coney Island. In Sea Bright, New Jersey, waves washed over a seawall, forcing 200 people to evacuate. Further inland, the Hudson, Passaic, and Hackensack rivers experienced tidal flooding. Outside Massachusetts, damage was heaviest in southern New Jersey, where the cost was estimated at $75 million (1991 USD). Across the area, tide heights reached their highest since the 1944 hurricane, leaving severe coastal and back bay flooding and closing many roads. The storm caused significant beach erosion, with 500,000 cubic yards (382,000 cubic meters) lost in Avalon, as well as $10 million damage to the beach in Cape May. The presence of a dune system mitigated the erosion in some areas. There was damage to the Atlantic City Boardwalk. Fire Island National Seashore was affected, washing away an entire row of waterfront houses in towns like Fair Harbor. Following the storm, there was a moratorium on clamming in the state's bays, due to contaminated waters. Along the Delmarva Peninsula and Virginia Beach, there was widespread water damage to homes, including ten affected houses in the Sandbridge Beach area of Virginia Beach, Virginia. Tides in Ocean City, Maryland, reached a record height of , while elsewhere the tides were similar to the Ash Wednesday Storm of 1962.


title: 1991 Perfect Storm

text: In North Carolina along the Outer Banks, high waves were initially caused by Hurricane Grace and later its interaction with a high pressure system. This produced gale-force winds and waves in the town of Duck. Later, the extratropical predecessor to the unnamed hurricane produced additional high waves, causing oceanfront flooding from Cape Hatteras through the northern portions of Currituck County. Flooding was first reported on October 28, when the ocean covered a portion of North Carolina Highway 12 north of Rodanthe; the route is the primary thoroughfare in the Outer Banks. Nags Head, Kitty Hawk, and Kill Devil Hills had large portions covered with water for several blocks away from the beach. The resultant flooding damaged 525 houses and 28 businesses and destroyed two motels and a few homes. Damage was estimated at $6.7 million (1991 USD). Farther south, the storm left 14 people injured in Florida. There was minor beach erosion and flooding, which damaged two houses and destroyed the pier at Lake Worth. In some locations, beaches gained additional sand from the wave action. Two people went missing off Daytona Beach after their boat lost power. High waves destroyed a portion of State Road A1A. Damage in the state was estimated at $3 million (1991 USD). High waves also affected Bermuda, the Bahamas, and the Dominican Republic. In Puerto Rico, waves of affected the island's north coast, which prompted 32 people to seek shelter. The waves swept a person off a large rock to his death.


title: They Shall Not Grow Old

text: They Shall Not Grow Old is a 2018 documentary film directed and produced by Peter Jackson. The film was created using original footage of the First World War from the Imperial War Museum's archives, most previously unseen, all over 100 years old by the time of release. Audio is from BBC and Imperial War Museum (IWM) interviews of British servicemen who fought in the conflict. Most of the footage has been colourised and transformed with modern production techniques, with the addition of sound effects and voice acting to be more evocative and feel closer to the soldiers' actual experiences.


title: They Shall Not Grow Old

text: It is Jackson's first documentary as director. Jackson, whose grandfather (to whom the film is dedicated) fought in the war, intended for the film to be an immersive experience of "what it was like to be a soldier" rather than a story or a recount of events. The crew reviewed 600 hours of interviews from 200 veterans and 100 hours of original film footage to make the film. The title was inspired by the line "They shall grow not old, as we that are left grow old" from the 1914 poem "For the Fallen" by Laurence Binyon, famous for being used in the Ode of Remembrance.


title: They Shall Not Grow Old

text: "They Shall Not Grow Old" premiered simultaneously at the BFI London Film Festival and in selected cinemas in the UK on 16 October 2018, before airing on BBC Two on 11 November 2018 (the hundredth anniversary of the Armistice of 11 November 1918); it received a limited US release on 17 December. Following its box office success, the film received a wide theatrical release in February 2019 (the film's theatrical release was handled by Warner Bros. Pictures). It was acclaimed by critics for its restoration work, immersive atmosphere and portrayal of war, and earned a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Documentary.


title: They Shall Not Grow Old

text: The film was co-commissioned by 14–18 NOW and Imperial War Museums in association with the BBC, who approached Jackson in 2015 for the project. According to Jackson, to make the film, the crew of "They Shall Not Grow Old" reviewed 600 hours of interviews from the BBC and the IWM and 100 hours of original film footage from the IWM. The interviews came from 200 veterans, with the audio from 120 of them being used in the film. After receiving the footage, Jackson decided that the film would not feature traditional narration and that it would instead only feature audio excerpts of the soldiers talking about their war memories, in order to make the film about the soldiers themselves; for the same reason, it barely features any dates or named locations.


title: They Shall Not Grow Old

text: Jackson stated: "We made a decision not to identify the soldiers as the film happened. There were so many of them that names would be popping up on the screen every time a voice appeared. In a way it became an anonymous and agnostic film. We also edited out any references to dates and places, because I didn’t want the movie to be about this day here or that day there. There's hundreds of books about all that stuff. I wanted the film to be a human experience and be agnostic in that way. ... I didn't want individual stories about individuals. I wanted it to be what it ended up being: 120 men telling a single story. Which is: what was it like to be a British soldier on the western front?" In another interview, he stated "[The men] saw a war in colour, they certainly didn't see it in black and white. I wanted to reach through the fog of time and pull these men into the modern world, so they can regain their humanity once more – rather than be seen only as Charlie Chaplin-type figures in the vintage archive film." Jackson's own paternal grandfather, Sgt. William Jackson, to whom the film is dedicated, was British and fought in the First World War; Peter grew up with his father telling him his grandfather's war stories. Jackson stated that after making the film, he now had "a greater understanding of what my grandfather would have gone through".


title: They Shall Not Grow Old

text: Jackson did not receive any fee for the making of the film. Although only a small part of it was used, Jackson's crew visually restored all 100 hours of footage the Imperial War Museums sent them for free, "just to get their archive in better shape".


title: They Shall Not Grow Old

text: It was produced by WingNut Films with House Productions as executive producers and was supported by the UK's National Lottery through the Heritage Lottery Fund and the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport.


title: They Shall Not Grow Old

text: The music was composed by New Zealand trio Plan 9, consisting of David Donaldson, Steve Roche and Janet Roddick.


title: They Shall Not Grow Old

text: The closing credits of the film feature an extended version of the song "Mademoiselle from Armentières", which was particularly popular during the war. Jackson decided late in the production to use the song and there was little time to assemble the performers. Rather than have non-British men try to sing in British accents, native speakers in service to the UK government were recruited from the British High Commission in New Zealand.


title: They Shall Not Grow Old

text: The film premiered on 16 October 2018 as a Special Presentation at the BFI London Film Festival, in the presence of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, while also being released in several selected cinemas across the country; copies were also sent to UK schools the same day. The film was simultaneously screened in 2D and 3D at cinemas, schools and special venues across the UK. The simulcast included a special post-screening Q&A with Jackson, hosted by the film critic Mark Kermode.


title: They Shall Not Grow Old

text: The film was broadcast on BBC Two on 11 November 2018, the one-hundredth anniversary of the Armistice of 11 November 1918. To accompany the film, a special episode of the documentary series "What Do Artists Do All Day?" which followed Peter Jackson making the film aired the following day on BBC Four.


title: They Shall Not Grow Old

text: The film received a special United States release through Fathom Events in 2D and 3D, on 17 and 27 December 2018. Warner Bros. launched a theatrical release in New York, Los Angeles and Washington, DC, on 11 January 2019 with plans to expand to 25 markets on 1 February. Because it missed the 1 October 2018 filing deadline, the film was deemed ineligible for consideration for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature at the 91st Academy Awards; because it is still a 2018 film, it was also ineligible for the ceremony the following year.


title: They Shall Not Grow Old

text: "They Shall Not Grow Old" has grossed $18 million in the United States and Canada, and $2.5 million in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $20.4 million.


title: They Shall Not Grow Old

text: In the United States, the film was screened as part of a one-day presentation through Fathom Events on 17 December 2018 and grossed $2.3 million, setting a record for a documentary showing through the company. Encore screenings were held on December 27, making $3.4 million from two showtimes at 1,122 cinemas. It was the highest-grossing single-day total ever for a documentary playing via Fathom, and one of the top-grossing single-day presentations of any kind from the company. On Martin Luther King Jr. Day, the film grossed an additional $2.6 million from 1,335 cinemas. The film had a general release in 735 cinemas on 1 February 2019 and made $2.4 million, finishing 10th.


title: They Shall Not Grow Old

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of based on reviews, with an average rating of . The website's critical consensus reads, "An impressive technical achievement with a walloping emotional impact, "They Shall Not Grow Old" pays brilliant cinematic tribute to the sacrifice of a generation." On Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating based on reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 91 out of 100 based on 26 critics, indicating "universal acclaim"; it is labeled as a "Metacritic must-see".


title: They Shall Not Grow Old

text: Giving the film a five-star rating, Peter Bradshaw in his review for "The Guardian" called it "a visually staggering thought experiment", saying "The effect is electrifying. The soldiers are returned to an eerie, hyperreal kind of life in front of our eyes, like ghosts or figures summoned up in a seance. The faces are unforgettable. ... The details are harrowing, as is the political incorrectness of what the soldiers recall: some express their candid enjoyment of the war, others their utter desensitisation to what they experienced."


title: They Shall Not Grow Old

text: Guy Lode of "Variety" called the film "a technical dazzler with a surprisingly humane streak", stating "if "They Shall Not Grow Old" is head-spinning for its jolting animation of creakily shot battle scenes—tricked out with ingeniously integrated sound editing and seamlessly re-timed from 13 frames a second to 24—its greatest revelation isn't one of sound and fury. Rather, it's the film's faces that stick longest in the mind. Through the exhaustive transformation completed by Jackson's team, visages that were all but indistinguishably blurred in the archives take on shape, character and creases of worry, terror and occasional hilarity. In conjunction with the film's intricately stitched narration, its soldiers turn from cold statistics to warm, quivering human beings, drawing us with renewed empathy into a Great War that, they all but unanimously agree, had precious little greatness to it."


title: They Shall Not Grow Old

text: Stephen Dalton of "The Hollywood Reporter" stated that the film "suggests new cinematic methods of rescuing history from history books, humanizing and dramatizing true stories with a modest injection of movie-world artifice. Some critics may object to how Jackson streamlines and elides real events, stripping away specifics while offering no broader socio-political comment on the war. But as an immersive primer on the first-hand experiences of British soldiers, this innovative documentary is a haunting, moving and consistently engaging lesson in how to bring the past vividly alive." Mike McCahill of IndieWire gave the film a B grade, considering that "the filmmaker's extensive restoration project doesn't always provide new insights, but it succeeds at creating a fresh look at the horrors of WWI."


title: They Shall Not Grow Old

text: The response was not universally positive however, and particularly among archivists and film historians some concerns were raised about the ways in which the film erased the original filmmakers, manipulated the image through colourization and other techniques and implied that the original footage (much of which had been extensively restored by the IWM archives) was in disrepair.


title: The Ice Storm (film)

text: The Ice Storm is a 1997 American drama film directed by Ang Lee, based on Rick Moody's 1994 novel of the same name. The film features an ensemble cast of Kevin Kline, Joan Allen, Tobey Maguire, Christina Ricci, Elijah Wood, Katie Holmes, Glenn Fitzgerald, Jamey Sheridan, and Sigourney Weaver. Set during Thanksgiving 1973, "The Ice Storm" is about two dysfunctional New Canaan, Connecticut, upper-class families who are trying to deal with tumultuous social changes of the early 1970s, and their escapism through alcohol, adultery, and sexual experimentation.


title: The Ice Storm (film)

text: The film opened in the United States on September 27, 1997. Its limited release ultimately grossed US$8 million on a budget of US$18 million. Critical response to the film was positive, and it was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival. Schamus received the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Screenplay, and Weaver won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role.


title: The Ice Storm (film)

text: Ben Hood (dissatisfied in his marriage, and with the futility of his career) is having an affair with Janey Carver. His wife, Elena, is bored with her own life, and looking to expand her thinking (though unsure of how to do so). The young Wendy Hood enjoys sexual games with the Carver boys and with her school peers. Paul Hood has fallen for Libbets, a classmate, at the boarding school he attends. (His roommate Francis is also interested in her.)


title: The Ice Storm (film)

text: On the Friday night after Thanksgiving, the Hoods have an argument, upon her learning of his affair with Janey. Nevertheless they go ahead with their plans to attend a neighborhood party. It turns out to be a "key party", in which married couples "swap" sexual partners, by means of each woman selecting a set of keys, from a bowl to which each man has contributed one set.


title: The Ice Storm (film)

text: Jim and Janey Carver also are there; as the party progresses, Ben becomes drunk. Janey chooses the keys of a handsome young man. This surprises Ben and he trips, knocking his head on the coffee table. In his embarrassment, he retreats to the bathroom, remaining there for the rest of the evening.


title: The Ice Storm (film)

text: The other key party participants are paired off and leave, until only Jim and Elena remain. She retrieves Jim's keys from the bowl and returns them to him. After debating the issue, Jim and Elena leave together, engaging in a quick, clumsy sexual encounter in the front seat of Jim's car. Jim – regretting the line that he and Elena have just crossed – offers to drive her home.


title: The Ice Storm (film)

text: Wendy decides to make her way to the Carvers' to see Mikey, but he has decided to go out into the ice storm; she and Sandy climb into bed together and remove their clothes. After they drink from a bottle of vodka, and Wendy tries to seduce him, they both fall asleep.


title: The Ice Storm (film)

text: Paul is invited to Libbets' apartment in Manhattan, though upon arriving, is disappointed to learn that Francis was also invited. The three drink beer and listen to music; Francis and Libbets also take prescription pills found in Libbets' mother's medicine cabinet, causing them, eventually, to pass out. Paul decides to leave, and just narrowly makes the train to New Canaan, Connecticut.


title: The Ice Storm (film)

text: Meanwhile, Mikey, out walking in the storm, is enchanted by the beauty of the trees and fields covered in ice. He slides down an icy hill then sits on a guardrail to rest. A moment later a power line is broken by a falling tree, and connects with the guardrail, electrocuting him.


title: The Ice Storm (film)

text: Jim and Elena also become stuck, due to a downed tree, and return to the Carvers' house as dawn is breaking; Elena walks in on her daughter and Sandy in bed, and tells her to get dressed; Janey returns home; curling up in the fetal position, on her bed, still in her party clothes.


title: The Ice Storm (film)

text: Ben, having sobered up by this time, begins driving home. He discovers Mikey's body on the side of the road, and carries it back to the Carvers' house. The two families are drawn together by Mikey's death, and Wendy hugs the shocked and numbed Sandy in an attempt to comfort him. Jim is devastated, while Janey remains asleep and oblivious to the recent events. Ben, Elena, and Wendy then drive to the train station to pick up Paul, whose train was delayed by the ice and by the power failure caused by the downed wire. Once all four are together in the car, Ben breaks down, sobbing uncontrollably at the wheel as Elena comforts him while Paul watches with no emotions.


title: The Ice Storm (film)

text: "The Ice Storm" was first brought to the attention of producer James Schamus by his wife, literary scout Nancy Kricorian, who knew Rick Moody from Columbia University's MFA program. Schamus has said, "It's an astonishingly cinematic book... But, because of its truly literary qualities, people may have missed its extraordinary cinematic possibilities." Philosopher Slavoj Žižek has stated that Schamus was also inspired by one of Žižek's books at the time of writing the screenplay: "When James Schamus was writing the scenario, he told me that he was reading a book of mine and that my theoretical book was inspiration."


title: The Ice Storm (film)

text: Schamus brought the book to filmmaker Ang Lee, who was the first and only contender to turn the book into a film, and with whom Schamus and partner Ted Hope had already made four films, including "The Wedding Banquet" in 1993. Despite the obvious appeal of Moody's comedy of familial errors, Lee stated that what attracted him to the book was its climax: the scene where Ben Hood makes a shocking discovery in the ice, followed by the emotional reunion of the Hood family on the morning after the storm. "The book moved me at those two points", says Lee. "I knew there was a movie there."


title: The Ice Storm (film)

text: To prepare for the film, Lee let the cast members study stacks of magazine cutouts from the early 1970s. Moody was reportedly very pleased with the final version – and reportedly "sobbed" during the end credits. He also expressed his happiness that the success of the film brought more attention to his novel, leading to more book sales.


title: The Ice Storm (film)

text: The film's release was limited, and it grossed US$7.8 million against a production budget of US$18 million.


title: The Ice Storm (film)

text: Film critics Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert gave the film "Two Thumbs Up", with Ebert calling it Lee's best work yet, and Siskel calling it his favorite film of 1997. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a rating of 86% based on 70 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The site's consensus reads: "Director Ang Lee revisits the ennui-laden decadence of 1970s suburban America with deft humor and gripping pathos". Andrew Johnston, writing in "Time Out New York", stated: "The 1970s have long been written off as a goofy embarrassment to our country, quite possibly because the actual details of the decade are too painful to us to remember, no matter how old or young we were at the time. Ang Lee's film of Rick Moody's novel cuts through the kitsch to explore the emotional black hole at the heart of the period, the result being an utterly devastating and truly adult drama of the first order."


title: The Ice Storm (film)

text: The film was entered into the 1997 Cannes Film Festival, where James Schamus won the award for Best Screenplay. He was nominated for three other awards: Best Screenplay – Adapted at the 51st British Academy Film Awards, Best Adapted Screenplay at the 50th Writers Guild of America Awards, and Best Screenplay, Adapted at the 2nd Golden Satellite Awards. For her performance, Weaver received a nomination for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture at the 55th Golden Globe Awards, and a Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture nomination. She won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. The Film won the Bodil Award for Best American Film in 1999.


title: The Ice Storm (film)

text: Most of the professional music featured in the film was independently produced 1970s-type music, as budget values were tight. Lee and Schamus wanted to have an "actual score", not a "nostalgic film with radio music of an earlier time". The soundtrack was released in the United States on October 21, 1997.


title: The Ice Storm (film)

text: Following the theatrical exhibition of "The Ice Storm", the film was made available on home video by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment on October 13, 1998. A re-issued VHS was released on September 5, 2000. The film made its DVD debut on March 13, 2001, before American distribution company Criterion acquired the rights to release a special 2-disc DVD edition as part of the Criterion Collection on March 18, 2008. Criterion released this version in a Blu-ray format on July 23, 2013.


title: Dark Star (film)

text: Dark Star is a 1974 American science fiction comedy film directed and produced by John Carpenter and co-written with Dan O'Bannon. It follows the crew of the deteriorating starship "Dark Star", twenty years into their mission to destroy unstable planets that might threaten future colonization of other planets.


title: Dark Star (film)

text: Beginning as a University of Southern California student film produced from 1970 to 1972, it was gradually expanded to feature-length until it appeared at Filmex in 1974, and subsequently received a limited theatrical release in 1975. Its final budget is estimated at $60,000. While initially unsuccessful with audiences, it was relatively well-received by critics, and continued to be shown in theaters as late as 1980. The home video revolution of the early 1980s helped the movie achieve "cult classic" status; O'Bannon collaborated with home video distributor VCI in the production of releases on VHS, LaserDisc, DVD, and eventually Blu-ray.


title: Dark Star (film)

text: "Dark Star" was Carpenter's feature directorial debut; he also scored the film. It was the feature debut for O'Bannon, who also served as editor, production designer, and visual effects supervisor, and appeared as Sergeant Pinback.


title: Dark Star (film)

text: In the mid-22nd century, mankind has begun to colonize interstellar space. Armed with artificially intelligent Thermostellar Triggering Devices, which can talk and reason, the scout ship "Dark Star" searches for "unstable planets" which might threaten future colonization.


title: Dark Star (film)

text: Twenty years into its mission, the "Dark Star" has aged and suffers frequent malfunctions. Commanding officer Powell has died in one such event, but remains aboard in cryogenic suspension. Lieutenant Doolittle, a former surfer from Malibu, has taken over as commander. The tedium of their work has driven the crew of Pinback, Boiler, and Talby "around the bend", so they have created distractions for themselves.


title: Dark Star (film)

text: Pinback plays practical jokes, maintains a video diary, and has adopted a ship's mascot in the form of a mischievous "beach ball"-like alien who refuses to stay in a storage room. After it attempts to push him down an elevator shaft, he eventually kills it with a gun. He claims to really be Bill Froug and says that the real Pinback has committed suicide.


title: Dark Star (film)

text: En route to their next target in the Veil Nebula, the "Dark Star" is hit by electromagnetic energy during a space storm, resulting in another on-board malfunction. Thermostellar Bomb #20 receives an erroneous order to deploy, but the ship's computer talks it back into the bomb bay. An accident with a laser then causes more mayhem, damaging the ship's computer. Bomb #20 deploys again, and this time the crew cannot convince it to stand down. Doolittle revives Powell, who advises him to teach the bomb phenomenology. Doolittle space walks out to have a philosophical conversation with the bomb. It agrees to disarm itself for the moment.


title: Dark Star (film)

text: Pinback opens the airlock to admit Doolittle, but accidentally ejects Talby, who was in the airlock attempting to repair the laser. Doolittle leaves the ship to retrieve Talby, who is in a space suit but has no maneuvering device. The bomb, having learned Cartesian doubt, trusts only itself. It is convinced that only it exists, and that its sole purpose in life is to explode, and it does so. "Dark Star" is destroyed, along with Pinback and Boiler. Talby and Doolittle, at a distance from the ship, are thrown clear. The former drifts into and is taken away by the Phoenix Asteroids, a travelling cluster with which he has long been fascinated. Doolittle, falling toward the unstable planet, finds an oblong hunk of debris, and surfs into the atmosphere, to die as a falling star.


title: Dark Star (film)

text: The screenplay was written by Carpenter and O'Bannon while they were film students at the University of Southern California. Initially titled "The Electric Dutchman", the original concept was Carpenter's, while O'Bannon "flesh[ed] out many of the original ideas" and contributed many of the funniest moments. According to O'Bannon, "The ending was copped from Ray Bradbury's story 'Kaleidoscope'", found in the short story collection "The Illustrated Man" (1951). O'Bannon references one of his USC teachers, William Froug, when Pinback says in a video diary entry, "I should tell you my name is not really Sergeant Pinback, my name is Bill Frug."


title: Dark Star (film)

text: The film began as a 45-minute 16mm student project with a final budget of six thousand dollars. Beginning with an initial budget of one thousand dollars from USC in late 1970, Carpenter and O'Bannon completed the first version of the film in early 1972. Carpenter had to dub his own voice over that of Pahich, who had a thick accent.


title: Dark Star (film)

text: To achieve feature film length, an additional fifty minutes were shot in 1973, with the support of Canadian distributor Jack Murphy (credited as "Production Associate"). These scenes included the asteroid storm, Doolittle playing bottles on strings as a musical instrument, the scenes in the crew sleeping quarters, the scenes in the hallways of the ship (Pinback with the sunlamp, Boiler with the laser gun, etc.), and, importantly, all the scenes featuring the beach ball alien. Kuniholm and Pahich had shorter hair by this time, and wore wigs for continuity with the 1971 footage.


title: Dark Star (film)

text: Through John Landis, a friend of O'Bannon, the movie came to the attention of producer-distributor Jack H. Harris, who obtained the theatrical distribution rights. Deeming about 30 minutes of the film "boring and unusable" (including a protracted scene of the crew sleeping in their quarters, not responding to the computer voice), he insisted that cuts be made, and additional 35mm footage be shot to bring the movie back up to a releasable length. Other edits that Harris mandated, in order to secure a more marketable G rating, toned down rough language, and blurred of a wall of nude centerfolds. O'Bannon later lamented that as a result of the alterations for commercial distribution, "We had what would have been the world’s most impressive student film and it became the world’s least impressive professional film".


title: Dark Star (film)

text: O'Bannon created many of the special effects. Ron Cobb designed the ship, O'Bannon and Greg Jein did the model work, and Bob Greenberg did the animation. Cobb drew the original ship design on a napkin while eating at the International House of Pancakes.


title: Dark Star (film)

text: To depict the transit of the "Dark Star" into hyperspace, O'Bannon devised an animated effect in which the stars in the background turn into streaks of light while the ship appears to be motionless. He achieved this by tracking the camera while leaving the shutter open. This is considered to be the first depiction in cinema history of a spaceship jumping into hyperspace. It is thought that O'Bannon was influenced by the striking "star gate" sequence created by Douglas Trumbull for "" (1968). The same effect was later employed in "Star Wars" (1977).


title: Dark Star (film)

text: "Dark Star"'s score mainly consists of electronic music created by Carpenter, using a modular synthesizer. In 1980, subsequent to the film's re-release the previous year, a soundtrack album was released, containing not only music, but also sound effects and dialogue from the film. The album was remastered for a limited 2016 vinyl rerelease, which included an additional seven-inch record containing remakes and other bonus tracks.


title: Dark Star (film)

text: The song played during the opening and closing credits is "Benson Arizona". It concerns a man who travels the galaxy at the speed of light, while missing his beloved back on Earth. The music was written by Carpenter, and the lyrics by Bill Taylor. The lead vocalist was John Yager, a college friend of Carpenter. Yager was not a professional musician, "apart from being in a band in college".


title: Dark Star (film)

text: The completed film premiered on March 30, 1974, at Filmex, the Los Angeles International Film Exposition. At the time, Carpenter described the movie as ""Waiting for Godot" in outer space." Harris sold it to Bryanston Pictures, which opened it in fifty theatres on January 16, 1975.


title: Dark Star (film)

text: In June 1979, after Carpenter and O'Bannon had found commercial success with other films, Atlantic Releasing Corporation rereleased "Dark Star", noting on a promotional poster that it was "from the author of "Alien" & the director of "Halloween"", and including the tag line, "The Ultimate Cosmic Comedy!"


title: Dark Star (film)

text: In August 1983, VCI Entertainment released a theatrical cut of "Dark Star" on videocassette. It was criticized by O'Bannon. A new video master was sourced from O'Bannon's personal 35mm print, and a widescreen "Special Edition" of the film was released by 1986.


title: Dark Star (film)

text: O'Bannon later re-edited the movie into a seventy-two minute director's cut, removing much of the footage that had been shot and added after Harris had bought the distribution rights. This version was released on LaserDisc in 1992.


title: Dark Star (film)

text: The film was released on DVD March 23, 1999. Both the original theatrical version and a shorter, sixty-eight minute "special edition" were included.


title: Dark Star (film)

text: A two-disc "Hyperdrive Edition" DVD set was released on October 26, 2010. Along with the two versions of the movie previously released on DVD, it included a feature-length documentary, "Let There be Light: The Odyssey of Dark Star", which explores the origins and production of the film.


title: Dark Star (film)

text: In 2012, a "Thermostellar Edition" was released on Blu-ray. It included the special features of the 2010 release, but not the shorter special edition of the movie, only the theatrical version.


title: Dark Star (film)

text: While greeted enthusiastically by the crowd at Filmex, the film was not well-received upon its initial theatrical release. Carpenter and O'Bannon reported nearly empty theatres, and little reaction to the humor in the movie. However, the home video revolution of the early 1980s saw "Dark Star" become a cult film among sci-fi fans.


title: Dark Star (film)

text: An early review from "Variety", recalled by Carpenter as "the first bad review I got", described the film as "a limp parody of Stanley Kubrick’s "2001: A Space Odyssey" that warrants attention only for some remarkably believable special effects achieved with very little money." After its re-release in 1979, Roger Ebert gave the movie three stars out of four, writing: ""Dark Star" is one of the damnedest science fiction movies I've ever seen, a berserk combination of space opera, intelligent bombs, and beach balls from other worlds." Rotten Tomatoes gives it a 76% approval rating from 29 reviews, with the following consensus: "A loopy "2001" satire, "Dark Star" may not be the most consistent sci-fi comedy, but its portrayal of human eccentricity is a welcome addition to the genre." Leonard Maltin awarded it two and a half stars, describing it as "enjoyable for sci-fi fans and surfers", and complimenting the effective use of the limited budget.


title: Dark Star (film)

text: The "Beachball with Claws" segment of the film was reworked by O'Bannon into the science fiction-horror film "Alien" (1979). After witnessing audiences failing to laugh at parts of "Dark Star" which were intended as humorous, O'Bannon commented, "If I can't make them laugh, then maybe I can make them scream."


title: Dark Star (film)

text: Doug Naylor has said in interviews that "Dark Star" was the inspiration for "", the radio sketches that evolved into science fiction sitcom "Red Dwarf".


title: Dark Star (film)

text: "Dark Star" has also been cited as an inspiration for the machinima series "Red vs. Blue" by its creator Burnie Burns.


title: Dark Star (film)

text: "Metal Gear" series creator Hideo Kojima revealed the iDroid's voice was inspired by the female computer voice from "Dark Star".


title: Liza Tarbuck

text: Liza Tarbuck ( ; born 21 November 1964) is an English actress, comedian, and television and radio presenter.


title: Liza Tarbuck

text: Liza Tarbuck was born in Liverpool. She is the daughter of comedian Jimmy Tarbuck and his wife Pauline, with an older sister, Cheryl, and a younger brother, James. She trained at the National Youth Theatre and RADA graduating in 1986 alongside Clive Owen, Rebecca Pidgeon, and Mark Womack.


title: Liza Tarbuck

text: Tarbuck's first big break came in 1987 when she landed a starring role in the Granada Television comedy series "Watching", opposite Emma Wray. She stayed with "Watching" for its entire seven-year run. She also appeared as Angie in the 1988 Falklands War drama "Tumbledown", which starred Colin Firth, Paul Rhys and David Calder.


title: Liza Tarbuck

text: She guest starred on the Ricky Gervais comedy "Extras", and appeared in "The Inspector Lynley Mysteries" as DI Fiona Knight.


title: Liza Tarbuck

text: In 2004, she appeared in Series 6 of the BBC One comedy "French & Saunders", as a fictionalised version of herself, where she had the role of producer for "Saunders & French Productions" with Christopher Hague-Moody.


title: Liza Tarbuck

text: In 2005, she appeared as Mrs Jellyby in the BBC One serial "Bleak House", and in 2006 she appeared in episode six of the sitcom "Saxondale", as a full-figured rock chick.


title: Liza Tarbuck

text: In 2007, she provided a voiceover for the animated "Doctor Who" adventure "The Infinite Quest". 2007 also saw her starring in the ITV1 comedy drama "Bonkers".


title: Liza Tarbuck

text: In 2009 she starred as Tina in her first role in a feature film, in "The Be All and End All", and since 2016 she has played the part of Anne Hathaway in the BBC Two comedy series "Upstart Crow".


title: Liza Tarbuck

text: In 2019, she starred in "How Europe Stole My Mum". This Channel 4 comedy documentary, presented by comedian Kieran Hodgson and also starring Harry Enfield, examines how Brexit came about and how the divided country might be put back together.


title: Liza Tarbuck

text: She presented the fashion programme "She's Gotta Have It" in 1998 and "The Big Breakfast" with Johnny Vaughan, Sara Cox and Richard Bacon. In 2001, she teamed up with her father for a celebrity edition of "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?" In the early 2000s, she hosted the Sky One game show "Blockbusters" and has been a guest presenter on "Have I Got News for You". In 2003, she hosted Channel 4's Emmy Award winning panel-discussion/gameshow "Without Prejudice?".


title: Liza Tarbuck

text: She hosted a late-night edition of "Win, Lose or Draw", and has presented "Britain's Top Dog", as well as narrating the last series of the documentary "Airport" in 2005.


title: Liza Tarbuck

text: She presented a one-off quiz for Five called "I Blame the Spice Girls" to celebrate Five's tenth birthday. She has also appeared in advertisements for the supermarket Asda.


title: Liza Tarbuck

text: Tarbuck played Helen Golightly in the BBC Radio 4 programme "Clare in the Community" from series 5 to series 9, taking over from Gemma Craven. She has also appeared in other shows for BBC Radio 4, such as "Just a Minute" and a story about Jayne Mansfield. In December 2016 she presented "Remembering Ronnie Corbett", a tribute to the late comedy star. In October 2017 she appeared on "Front Row" with Harry Hill. In December 2017 she was a guest on Radio 4's "Saturday Live". In January 2018 she was a guest on "Great Lives", talking about the Serbian-American scientist Nikola Tesla.


title: Liza Tarbuck

text: During September 2007 Tarbuck co-presented the weekday afternoon show on BBC Radio 2 with Mark Radcliffe, whilst Steve Wright was on leave. In December 2007 (and again in January and March 2008), she once more hosted the show, this time as a solo presenter. In July 2008 she once again co-presented with Radcliffe.


title: Liza Tarbuck

text: In December 2008 and January 2009 she presented the Saturday morning slot on BBC Radio 2 with Martin Freeman whilst Jonathan Ross was away from the station, and again in August 2009 alongside Huey Morgan of Fun Lovin' Criminals. The pair presented the show again in November 2009.


title: Liza Tarbuck

text: Tarbuck stood in for Simon Mayo on his BBC Radio 2 "Drivetime Show" for three weeks in July/August 2010 also covering the show on 18–22 April in 2011, 1–19 August in 2011, 4–8 June 2012, 14–18 February 2013, 15 July 2013, 26–30 May 2014, 6–10 April 2015 and 14 June 2016. On 9 October 2018, she presented the "Drivetime" show (5pm–8pm) with Simon Mayo while Jo Whiley was away from the station.


title: Liza Tarbuck

text: On 25 December 2009, she presented a four-hour show on BBC Radio 2 called "Liza Tarbuck's Christmas", from midnight until 4am.


title: Liza Tarbuck

text: In 2013, she presented a BBC Radio 2 special celebrating the career of the British comedian Ken Dodd called "How Tickled I've Been".


title: Liza Tarbuck

text: On Wednesday 25 December 2019, she presented a Christmas day special called 'Family Rhythms', 6pm8pm. Guests included film director Richard Curtis, "Strictly Come Dancing" star AJ Pritchard, "Love Island" star Curtis Pritchard, and Spandau Ballet brothers Martin Kemp and Gary Kemp. Tarbuck presented another Christmas Day special in 2020.


title: Liza Tarbuck

text: Since May 2012 she has presented her own radio show on BBC Radio 2, between 6pm and 8pm, on Saturdays, replacing "Going out with Alan Carr" presented by Carr and Melanie Sykes.


title: Liza Tarbuck

text: UK Radio Aid was a charitable event in the United Kingdom held on Monday 17 January 2005 to raise money for the DEC appeal for the victims of the Asian tsunami. The event consisted of a twelve-hour radio show broadcast on 268 radio stations with an audience of over 20 million. Tarbuck presented the 16:00–18:00 slot with her former "Big Breakfast" co-host Johnny Vaughan.


title: Liza Tarbuck

text: "I An Distracted By Everything" [sic], written by Tarbuck, was published in November 2017.-Tarbuck described the one-off publication as "an annual for grown-ups".


title: Gymnopédies

text: The Gymnopédies (), or Trois Gymnopédies, are three piano compositions written by French composer and pianist Erik Satie. He completed the whole set by 2 April 1888, but they were at first published individually: the first and the third in 1888, the second in 1895.


title: Gymnopédies

text: The work's unusual title comes from the French form of gymnopaedia, the ancient Greek word for an annual festival where young men danced naked – or perhaps simply unarmed. The source of the title has been a subject of debate. Satie and his friend Alexis Roland-Manuel maintained that he adopted it after reading Gustave Flaubert's novel "Salammbô", while others see a poem by J. P. Contamine de Latour as the source of Satie's inspiration, since the first "Gymnopédie" was published in the magazine "La Musique des familles" in the summer of 1888 together with an excerpt of Latour's poem "Les Antiques", where the term appears.


title: Gymnopédies

text: However, it remains uncertain whether the poem was composed before the music. Satie may have picked up the term from a dictionary such as Dominique Mondo's "Dictionnaire de Musique", where "gymnopédie" is defined as a "nude dance, accompanied by song, which youthful Spartan maidens danced on specific occasions", following a similar definition from Jean-Jacques Rousseau's "Dictionnaire de Musique".


title: Gymnopédies

text: In November 1888, the third "Gymnopédie" was published. The second "Gymnopédie" did not appear until 1895, and its impending publication was announced in several editions of the "Chat Noir" and "Auberge du Clou" magazines. As a whole, the three pieces were published in 1898.


title: Gymnopédies

text: Pierre Puvis de Chavannes' symbolist paintings may have been an inspiration for the atmosphere Satie wanted to evoke with his "Gymnopédies".


title: Gymnopédies

text: The melodies of the pieces use deliberate, but mild, dissonances against the harmony, producing a piquant, melancholy effect that matches the performance instructions, which are to play each piece "painfully" ("douloureux"), "sadly" ("triste"), or "gravely" ("grave"). The first few bars of "Gymnopédie No. 1" (shown below) consist of an alternating progression of two major seventh chords, the first on the subdominant, G, and the second on the tonic, D.


title: Gymnopédies

text: By the end of 1896, Satie's popularity was waning and financial situation deteriorating. Claude Debussy, a friend of Satie's whose popularity was on the rise, helped draw public attention to Satie’s work. In February 1897, Debussy orchestrated the third and first "Gymnopédies".


title: Gymnopédies

text: From the second half of the 20th century on, the "Gymnopédies" were often erroneously described as part of Satie's body of "furniture music", perhaps because of John Cage's interpretation of them. Collectively, the "Gymnopédies" are regarded as an important precursor to modern ambient music.


title: Gymnopédies

text: The first and second "Gymnopédies" were arranged by Dick Halligan for the group Blood, Sweat & Tears under the title "Variations on a Theme by Erik Satie" on the group's eponymous album, released in 1968. The recording received a Grammy Award the following year for Best Contemporary Instrumental Performance. In 1980, Gary Numan produced a track called " (First Movement)", which appeared on the B-side of the single "We Are Glass". A sample of "Gymnopédie No. 1" is featured in the 2001 Janet Jackson single "Someone to Call My Lover", peaking at number 3 on the Billboard Hot 100. "Gymnopédies" have been heard in numerous movies and television shows. Examples include the documentary "Man on Wire", Wes Anderson's "The Royal Tenenbaums", and Woody Allen's "Another Woman", all of which use "Gymnopédie No. 1" in their soundtracks. The 2010 Japanese animated drama film "The Disappearance of Haruhi Suzumiya" prominently features all three "Gymnopédies", and they are included in the film's soundtrack release as a bonus disc, including Satie's "Gnossiennes" and his composition "Je te veux". "Mother 3" also features "Gymnopédie No. 1" in its soundtrack as "Leder's Gymnopedie". In 2007, arranged the first and the third "Gymnopédie" for The 12 Cellists of the Berlin Philharmonic. Jack DeJohnette included a tribute to "Gymnopédies" in his 2016 album "Return". In 2018, Fernando Perdomo included a portion of "Gymnopedie No. 1" on his album "Out to Sea". In 2021, violinist Fenella Humphreys released an arrangement of Gymnopedie No.1 for violin.


title: Dan Avidan

text: Leigh Daniel Avidan (born March 14, 1979), also known by his stage name Danny Sexbang, is an American musician, Internet personality, comedian, songwriter, actor and record producer. He is one half of the musical comedy duo Ninja Sex Party with Brian Wecht, as well as the co-host of the Let's Play webseries "Game Grumps" with Arin Hanson. He is also part of the video game-based comedy music trio Starbomb with Hanson and Wecht, and the vocalist for the rock duo Shadow Academy, known for its inspiration from classic novels, alongside Jim Roach.


title: Dan Avidan

text: Avidan was born and raised in Springfield, New Jersey, the elder child of Debra ( Schwartz) and Avigdor Avidan. His father was born and raised in Israel, and served in the Yom Kippur War before immigrating to America where he met Avidan's mother. His younger sister, Dana Avidan Cohn, is the executive style director of PopSugar. His maternal grandfather Bernard Schwartz assisted in inventing the body electrode.


title: Dan Avidan

text: After graduating from Jonathan Dayton High School in 1997, Avidan began pursuing advertising at Boston University in Boston, Massachusetts.


title: Dan Avidan

text: In response to a Craigslist ad in late 2002, Avidan joined the indie rock band the Northern Hues, a Philadelphia-based ensemble composed of Aron Brand, Jeff Rains, Alex Yaker, Justin Earley, and Ian Creech. Avidan acted as the group's lead-singer, and wrote most of the band's lyrics, having recently moved to Philadelphia. They released one self-titled EP and one live track recorded in early 2005, at World Cafe Live in Philadelphia. In mid-2005, the band split up; Avidan attributes the separation to personality conflicts and creative differences between the band's members, as well as a collective inability to gain greater recognition and success.


title: Dan Avidan

text: In the winter of 2006, Avidan teamed up with Peter Lennox to form a Brooklyn-based alternative rock duo named Skyhill. Again, Avidan acted as lead-singer and assistant lyricist, and the group released one full album titled "Run With the Hunted", on May 16, 2007. They toured New York in early 2008, before eventually separating due to lost passion. On October 7, 2015, Avidan and Lennox returned to release the standalone single "Firefly", which was acclaimed for the band's "maturing in both lyrics and sound" over their previous album. In July 2018, Avidan stated that Skyhill may start new projects in the future, but that nothing was in the works as of then. On October 30, 2020, the group released the single "Howling at the Moon" on YouTube, with an eventual release on streaming services in mid-November of the same year. At the end of 2020, it was announced via the Skyhill website that the band would be working on a new album.


title: Dan Avidan

text: In 2008, Avidan began studying storytelling and improv at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre in New York, under the guidance of Zach Woods and Margot Leitman, and had conceptualized the possibility of a new musical project. In need of another band member, Avidan was introduced to Brian Wecht, the musical director of another troupe, by mutual friends at the theatre in early 2009.


title: Dan Avidan

text: Avidan had already chosen the name "Ninja Sex Party," after "everybody's three favorite things," and worked together with Wecht to create characters to represent the band. They eventually settled on "Danny Sexbang" as Avidan's character, and "Ninja Brian" as Wecht's. The duo first gained popularity by performing as a musical guest on Leitman's improvisational comedy show "Stripped Stories". Inspired by Tenacious D and Flight of the Conchords, the band is about "a Jewish superhero who wears a unitard, with his best friend, a ninja, and together they sing songs about dicks, and try to hit on women, unsuccessfully." They were also inspired by the work of The Lonely Islands to produce music videos and post them to YouTube.


title: Dan Avidan

text: The group has released several studio albums and singles, many of which have charted on "Billboard". As of 2020, they have released five original albums, and three cover albums. On September 17, 2018, the band, along with Tupper Ware Remix Party, performed a censored version of "Danny Don't You Know" on the late-night talk show "Conan" as a musical guest, making their live television debut.


title: Dan Avidan

text: The band has also appeared in various film festivals, including SXSW, Dragon Con, and the now-defunct LACS.


title: Dan Avidan

text: In mid-2013, Jon Jafari left his position as co-host of the Let's Play webseries "Game Grumps". Arin Hanson, co-creator of "Game Grumps", brought Avidan on to replace Jafari as co-host, after being introduced to Ninja Sex Party's content by fellow animator Ross O'Donovan. Hanson had previously animated part of the band's music video for "Dinosaur Laser Fight" in 2011. Avidan's first appearances on the show had been originally met with a negative response from fans, with the number of dislikes on each consecutive video increasing. However, most fans relaxed after awhile.


title: Dan Avidan

text: Avidan would join O'Donovan as co-host of the "Game Grumps" spin-off show "Steam Train", where both hosts play PC games, as opposed to console games. Avidan remained a co-host of the show until its discontinuation. In addition to this, Avidan has acted as a co-host of other shows from the "Game Grumps" platform, including "Grumpcade", "Table Flip", and "Steam Rolled", as well as providing narration for "Hunting Monsters".


title: Dan Avidan

text: In late 2013, Avidan teamed up with Wecht and Hanson to announce a side project band named Starbomb, with Avidan as the lead singer. The band writes parody songs about video games, bringing together the sexually provocative music stylings of Avidan's Ninja Sex Party and the video game-based humor of Hanson. As of 2019, the group has released three albums, all of which have placed on various "Billboard" charts.