title: Scarlett Bordeaux

text: On the October 31 edition of "OVW Episode 689", Bordeaux was defeated by The Queen of OVW and seven-time champion Josette Bynum in a minute to win to determine the last participate for the triple-treat match to face Taeler Hendrix and then Women's Champion Heidi Lovelace despite the interference by Taeler Hendrix. In that same episode, Bordeaux participated in a Halloween costume battle royal; however, she failed to become the number one contender to the OVW Women's Championship, which was won by Jessie Belle. Bordeaux made her final appearance in OVW on the November 22 edition of "OVW Episode 692", where she was defeated by new OVW Women's Champion Taryn Terrell.


title: Scarlett Bordeaux

text: Scarlett made her debut for Ring of Honor appearing in 11th Anniversary Show as a heel, accompanying the new member of The House of Truth Matt Taven alongside the heel Truth Martini for his match against Adam Cole for the ROH World Television Championship. Since then, she and Seleziya Sparx–known collectively as the Hoopla Hotties–began accompanying Taven to his matches. Bordeaux made her in-ring debut on the April 6 episode of "ROH", where she competed in a Four Corners "Women of Honor" match against Cherry Bomb, MsChif, and the eventual winner Athena, when she pinned Cherry Bomb with her "O-Face" finisher. On April 20, 2013, episode of "ROH Wrestling", she aided Taven in a victory against ACH by distracting the ref, allowing Taven to get the victory. At the Border Wars pay-per-view, The Hoopla Hotties accompied Matt Taven to the ring where he successfully defended the ROH World Television Championship against Mark Briscoe following the distraction by Bordeaux.


title: Scarlett Bordeaux

text: At the "Night of Hoopla" pay-per-view, Bordeaux was featured in number of "Hoopla Hoties" segments including "Take Your Pants Off Dance-Off." as well as performing the H.O.T. National Anthem and interfering in the triple-treat match on Taven's behalf. On the September 14 episode of "ROH Wrestling", Scarlett was unable to manage Taven in his Ring of Honor World Championship Tournament match when commentator Nigel McGuinness revealed that Bordeaux didn't have proper managers license forcing her to sit at ringside. At the Glory by Honor XII pay-per-view, Scarlett and Kasey Ray attempted to persuade Jay Lethal during Champions vs. All-Stars 8-Man Tag Team Elimination Match but failed leading to Ray going through a table.


title: Scarlett Bordeaux

text: After losing the title to Tommaso Ciampa, Taven turned face and fired Truth Martini ending their services with Bordeaux and Martini. Ever since The House of Truth broke up at the start of 2014, Scarlett was no longer a 'Hoopla Hottie' and began to share ring announcer duties with Bobby Cruise at ROH television tapings and live events. As a part of her ring announcing duties, Scarlett announced at ROH's 12th Anniversary Show, a moment she later claimed as a favorite in her career along with her in-ring debut and her time as a "Hoopla Hottie". At the ROH Unauthorized presents: "Michael Bennett's Bachelor Party" pay-per-view, Scarlett teamed up with Taeler Hendrix and "Crazy" Mary Dobson in a losing effort to the team of Veda Scott, Heather Patera and Leah von Dutch when Scott pinned Bordeaux after a back-drop driver.


title: Scarlett Bordeaux

text: On May 10, 2014, Bordeaux appeared at Total Nonstop Action Wrestling's One Night Only Knockouts Knockdown pay-per-view, facing the TNA Women's Knockouts Champion Angelina Love, but failed to qualify for the Knockouts Gauntlet match to crown the "Queen of the Knockouts" later that night.


title: Scarlett Bordeaux

text: On the July 26, 2018 episode of "Impact", Bordeaux made her debut during an interview with Alicia Atout. Bordeaux portrayed a sexy temptress character, even dubbing herself the "Smoke Show". In August, Bordeaux was given her own recurring segment titled "The Smoke Show". On the March 29, 2019 episode of "Impact", she made her in-ring debut by defeating Glenn Gillbertti. On the April 20 episode of "Impact", Bordeaux started teaming with Fallah Bahh and defeated Desi Hit Squad. With Bahh by her side, Bordeaux had her first pay-per-view match at Rebellion, where she was victorious over Rohit Raju. In May, it was reported Bordeaux requested her release from the promotion. On June 18, Impact Wrestling announced that Bordeaux had been released from her contract.


title: Scarlett Bordeaux

text: With Impact Wrestling partnership with AAA On September 7, Bordeaux made her debut at the AAA in Cancún, teaming with Keyra and La Hiedra defeating Lady Shani, Lady Maravilla and Vanilla Vargas. On October 28, at Héroes Inmortales XII Bordeaux competed in a Four-way match for the AAA Reina de Reinas Championship against Star Fire, Keyra, and Faby Apache, which was won by Apache. On December 2, at Guerra de Titanes Bordeaux competed in a four-way match for the AAA Reina de Reinas Championship against titleholder Faby Apache, La Hiedra, and Lady Shani, which was won by Shani. On August 3 at Triplemanía XXVII, Bordeaux teamed up with Sammy Guevara for the AAA World Mixed Tag Team Championship against Australian Suicide and Vanilla Vargas, Niño Hamburguesa, and Big Mami and Lady Maravilla and Villano III Jr., where Bordeaux and Guevara were defeated.


title: Scarlett Bordeaux

text: Bordeaux made her first appearance in WWE as one of Adam Rose's various colorful costumed party-goers named the Rosebuds at the Payback pay-per-view on June 1, 2014. She later stated that she had performed as a Rosebud about 15 times by March 2015. She made her WWE in-ring debut under the name Scarlett on the December 26, 2016 episode of "WWE Raw", being presented as a local talent before losing to Nia Jax. In September 2019, Bordeaux attended a private tryout at the WWE Performance Center in Orlando, Florida. In November, WWE announced that they had signed Bordeaux to a contract and that she was set to report to the WWE Performance Center that same month. She made her debut, reprising the Scarlett mononym ring-name from her 2016 one-off match, as the valet of her real-life boyfriend, Karrion Kross, on "NXT" on May 6, 2020, and continued to manage him throughout his run on the brand, including during his NXT Championship win at TakeOver XXX. On November 4, 2021, Scarlett was released by WWE along with Kross, as part of a seventh round of layoffs, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, that involved administrative staff, plant and talents of the franchise.


title: Scarlett Bordeaux

text: On June 2, 2022, it was announced that Bordeaux would make her debut at Battle Riot IV. She defeated Clara Carreras by pinfall in a singles match.


title: Scarlett Bordeaux

text: On the August 5 episode of SmackDown, Scarlett, alongside Kross, returned to WWE by attacking Drew McIntyre at the conclusion of the show.


title: Scarlett Bordeaux

text: Chihaia appears in WWE 2K22 as a manager under her Scarlett persona. She was featured in other WWE related merchandise, including three Mattel action figures. She also sang the theme song titled "Dead Silent" for her stable with Karrion Kross, which was released by WWE on streaming services in June 2020. In April 2021, Chihaia was featured in a song titled "Indestructible" under her stage name Scarlett Bordeaux, with Shotzi and Harley Cameron, and appeared in its music video as well. In October 2022, they released another music video together for a cover of "I Put a Spell on You".


title: Scarlett Bordeaux

text: Chihaia is married to fellow professional wrestler Kevin Kesar. On September 23, 2021, they announced their engagement. On April 20, 2022, they announced their marriage in Alaska, in a private ceremony on a glacier.


title: Haim Saban

text: Haim Saban (; ; born October 15, 1944) is an Israeli-American media proprietor, investor, and producer of records, film, and television. A businessman with interests in financial services, entertainment, and media, and an estimated net worth of $2.8 billion, he is ranked by "Forbes" as the 232nd richest person in America. Saban is the founder of Saban Entertainment, producer and distributor of children's television programs in the US such as "Power Rangers." He headed up consortiums which purchased the broadcasters ProSiebenSat.1 Media and Univision Communications. He is a major donor to the United States Democratic Party and active in pro-Israel political efforts in the United States. In March 2017, Saban was honored with the 2,605th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his achievements in television.


title: Haim Saban

text: Haim Saban was born in Alexandria, Egypt, to an Egyptian-Jewish family. In 1956, the Saban family immigrated to Israel, along with most of the Egyptian Jewish community. Saban was sent to a Youth Aliyah boarding school. Expelled for being a troublemaker, he enrolled in a night high school where the principal told him: "You're not cut out for academic studies; you're cut out for making money." He served as a soldier in the Israel Defense Forces.


title: Haim Saban

text: Saban is married to Cheryl Lynn (Flor) Saban, with whom he has two children. He also has two stepchildren, Tifanie and Heidi Lenhart, an actress. He resides in Beverly Hills, California.


title: Haim Saban

text: Saban started his music career in 1966 as a bass player and manager with the rock band The Lions of Judah ("Ha'arayot"), which was named after the Lion of Judah in Jewish Scripture. In 1969, Dave Watts from the British band The Tornados joined The Lions. That year, the band traveled to England, performed in night clubs in London and was signed up by Polydor Records. In July 1969, the band appeared on the BBC TV programme "Colour Me Pop". The Lions recorded a single, "Our Love's A Growing Thing", but it was not released in the UK due to financial difficulties. The band returned to Israel and Saban focused on being a music promoter.


title: Haim Saban

text: After moving in 1983 to the United States, Haim Saban and partner Shuki Levy became known for soundtrack compositions for children's television programs of the 1980s. Although Levy and Saban composed for their own properties (such as "Kidd Video" and "Maple Town"), they scored for other production companies as well (such as "Inspector Gadget", "The Mysterious Cities of Gold", "M.A.S.K.", "Dinosaucers", "Dragon Quest", "He-Man and the Masters of the Universe", "", and "Jayce and the Wheeled Warriors").


title: Haim Saban

text: In 1998, "The Hollywood Reporter" reported that he did not actually compose all the music (totalling 3,700 works in 2008) he is credited for; ten composers threatened to sue and Saban settled out of court.


title: Haim Saban

text: He then became a television producer, founding Saban Entertainment in 1988. In the 1990s, Saban's company became known for the production of "Power Rangers", "Masked Rider", "VR Troopers", "" and "Big Bad Beetleborgs", which were Western adaptations of Japanese tokusatsu shows.


title: Haim Saban

text: In 1996, News Corporation's Fox Children's Network and Haim Saban's Saban Entertainment merged to form Fox Kids Worldwide. Also in that year, the company purchased the C&D library from Jean Chalopin.


title: Haim Saban

text: With the growing shift in children's television from over-the-air programming blocks to cable channels such as Cartoon Network and Nickelodeon, the combined entity (half-owned by Haim Saban himself) sought to launch a competitor that would carry programming from the popular Fox Kids lineup. Eying The Family Channel, News Corp. made an offer to purchase IFE through the Fox Kids Worldwide division in 1997.


title: Haim Saban

text: On July 23, 2001, Saban announced that he and News Corporation would sell Fox Family Worldwide Inc for $5.3 billion to The Walt Disney Company. and on October 24, 2001, the sale was completed and the network was renamed ABC Family. Saban profited about $1.6 billion from this sale.


title: Haim Saban

text: In August 2003, Saban led a consortium, which acquired a controlling stake in the straggling ProSiebenSat.1 Media group from the Kirch Media Group, the then-bankrupt German media conglomerate.


title: Haim Saban

text: ProSiebenSat.1, is Germany's largest commercial television broadcasting company, which owns five German TV channels, including ProSieben and SAT.1, two of the top three stations in Germany. Collectively, ProSiebenSat.1's channels represented approximately 45% of the German TV advertising market at the time. Saban's ProSiebenSat.1 acquisition was the first time a foreigner took control of a significant German Media company.


title: Haim Saban

text: Saban oversaw a successful business turnaround of ProSiebenSat.1, recruiting former business rivals, ex-BSkyB chief executive Tony Ball and former BBC Director General Greg Dyke to the board of the company.


title: Haim Saban

text: In March 2007, Saban Capital Group and the consortium sold its controlling interest in ProSiebenSat.1 to KKR and Permira, for 22.40 euros a share after originally paying 7.5 euros per share in 2003.


title: Haim Saban

text: On June 27, 2006, Saban Capital Group led a group of investors bidding for Univision Communications, the largest Spanish-language media company in the United States. Other investors in the Saban-led group were Texas Pacific Group of Fort Worth, Texas and Thomas H. Lee Partners. The group was successful in acquiring Univision with a bid valued at $13.7 billion (USD), but sold to private equity firm Searchlight Capital Partners and ex-Viacom finance head Wade Davis in 2020.


title: Haim Saban

text: In 2019, Saban announced that he had formed the Saban Music Group backed by $500 million of his own capital. The company will focus on global artists, particular Latin American, tapping new artists and acquiring existing businesses.


title: Haim Saban

text: Saban, a long-time supporter and donor of many pro-Jewish and Israel causes, has stated his main goal in multiple interviews: "I'm a one-issue guy, and my issue is Israel."


title: Haim Saban

text: Saban became involved in politics in the mid-1990s when he felt that support for Israel was slipping in the United States. He says his views have shifted over the years:


title: Haim Saban

text: Saban has been a consistent donor to the United States Democratic Party according to his mandatory Federal Election Commission filings. "Mother Jones", in an analysis of the major donors to the campaigns of 1998 election cycle, ranked Saban 155th among individual donors. Amy Paris noted that Saban's Clinton-era "generosity did not go unrewarded. During the Clinton administration, the entertainment executive served on the President's Export Council, advising the White House on trade issues." The "New York Times" reported that Haim and his wife "slept in the White House several times during President Clinton's two terms." Saban remains close friends with the former president. Clinton described Saban as a "very good friend and supporter." Saban contributed between $5 million to $10 million to the William J. Clinton Foundation.


title: Haim Saban

text: During the 2000 presidential election, Saban increased his rank to 5th among individual donors with a combined contribution of $1,250,500. Matthew Yglesias wrote that "Saban was the largest overall contributor to the Democratic National Committee during the 2001–2002 cycle." Saban's donations during that 2001–2002 period exceeded $10 million, the largest donation the DNC has received from a single source up to that time.


title: Haim Saban

text: In September 2004, Hillary Clinton described Saban as a very good friend, supporter and adviser: "I am grateful for his commitment to Israel, to a just and lasting peace in the Middle East and to my foundation's work, particularly on reconciliation issues." In May 2007, Haim publicly declared his support for Clinton in 2008 presidential election. In June 2007, Saban and Steven Spielberg co-hosted a Hillary Clinton fundraiser at the house of Peter Chernin, the president of News Corporation. According to the "Los Angeles Times", the fundraiser brought in over $850,000.


title: Haim Saban

text: In March 2008, Saban was among a group of major Jewish donors to sign a letter to Democratic Party house leader Nancy Pelosi advising her not to run in the Democratic presidential primaries. The donors were upset by Pelosi's statement that the party 'superdelegates' should heed the will of the majority in selecting a candidate." The donors, who were strong supporters of the DCCC, implied that Pelosi could lose their financial support in upcoming congressional elections.


title: Haim Saban

text: In May 2008, it was reported that Haim Saban had offered $1 million to the Young Democrats of America and urged the endorsement of Hillary Clinton as the Democratic nominee for president."


title: Haim Saban

text: Saban has also made donations to members of the Republican Party including a 2003 contribution to George W. Bush's 2004 re-election campaign.


title: Haim Saban

text: Saban supported Hillary Clinton for President of the United States in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Between June 2015 and June 2016, he and his wife donated US$7 million to Priorities USA, a pro-Clinton Super PAC. Meanwhile, Saban has called Republican candidate Donald Trump "a danger to America".


title: Haim Saban

text: Saban has said that Keith Ellison, who ran for the leadership of the DNC, "is clearly an anti-Semite and anti-Israel individual." Saban also called Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-VT) "an anti-Israel person."


title: Haim Saban

text: In 2006, Saban discussed his views on the Middle East and Persian Gulf region in an interview with "Haaretz". Commenting on Iran, he said: "When I see Ahmadinejad, I see Hitler. They speak the same language. His motivation is also clear: the return of the Mahdi is a supreme goal. And for a religious person of deep self-persuasion, that supreme goal is worth the liquidation of five and a half million Jews. We cannot allow ourselves that. Nuclear weapons in the hands of a religious leadership that is convinced that the annihilation of Israel will bring about the emergence of a new Muslim caliphate? Israel cannot allow that. This is no game. It's truly an existential danger." If Obama strikes a "bad deal" with Iran that would put Israel at risk, "I would bomb the living daylights out of these sons of bitches," Saban said at a meeting of the Israeli American Council.


title: Haim Saban

text: In 2005, Saban spent $100,000 to oppose California's 2005 Proposition 77 redistricting reform. Saban contributed $100,000 to pass California's 2008 redistricting reform, Proposition 11, which created a Citizens Redistricting Commission to redraw California's state political boundaries, but not U.S. Congressional districts. Saban contributed $2,000,000 to support Proposition 27, California's proposed 2010 repeal of Proposition 11, the 2008 redistricting reform – the same reform that Haim Saban previously supported with a $100,000 contribution. He joined list of other well-connected, big-money donors to the Democratic Party in supporting Proposition 27.


title: Haim Saban

text: In 2020, Saban collaborated with UAE Ambassador to the United States, Yousef Al Otaiba, on a June 12 op-ed addressed to the Israeli public in an effort to halt Israel's planned annexation of parts of the West Bank and create a unified front between the UAE and Israel against the opposing forces of Iran. Al Otaiba credited Saban with advising him where his op-ed should be placed, when it should be placed and that it needed to be translated in Hebrew. The efforts were purported to have helped pave the way to the August 2020 signing of the Abraham Accords, brokered by United States President, Donald Trump, and normalizing ties between Israel and UAE.


title: Haim Saban

text: In 2002 Saban provided an initial grant of US$13 million and a pledge of additional funds to create the Saban Center for Middle East Policy, a foreign policy think tank based in Washington, D.C. The Saban Center is part of the larger Brookings Institution think tank. The "Saban Center" aims to provide policy makers in government with information and analysis regarding America's foreign policy in the Middle East. Saban recruited Martin Indyk to direct the center.


title: Haim Saban

text: Saban sponsors the American-Israel Public Affairs Committee's "Saban National Political Leadership Training Seminar", a series of semiannual seminars in Washington to provide college student activists for three days of intensive pro-Israel advocacy training. The seminars provide up to 300 students from a hundred campuses with training in order to "prepare for challenges and opportunities on their campuses and [the students] left Washington prepared to mobilize for legislative and electoral impact during the next school year and into campaign '08." Among the prominent figures to have addressed the seminars are Senator Evan Bayh and Congressman Mark Kirk and academics David Makovsky, Robert Satloff and Dennis Ross.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: Shannon Briggs (born December 4, 1971) is an American former professional boxer. He is a two-time heavyweight champion, having held the lineal heavyweight championship from 1997 to 1998, and the WBO title from 2006 to 2007. Briggs is known for his formidable punching power and aggression, possessing an 88.3% knockout-to-win percentage with 37 knockout wins in the first round. Undisputed heavyweight champion Lennox Lewis stated in 2015 that Briggs had the fastest hands and best punching power of any opponent he ever faced.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: Briggs was born in Brooklyn, New York and raised in the Brownsville section of Brooklyn. For a period in his childhood he was homeless. In 1983, when Briggs was 12, he saw Mike Tyson in Bristol Park, Brooklyn, New York. Briggs' friends called out, "Here comes Mike." Briggs said he was too scared to run and that seeing Tyson that day "changed his life." At age 17, Briggs began training at Jimmy O'Pharrow's Starrett City Boxing Club in Brooklyn, NY. He was diagnosed with asthma as a child. Briggs' mother died in Brownsville due to a heroin overdose on December 4, 1996, Briggs' 25th birthday.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: Coached by James O'Farrell, Briggs got his start at the Starrett City Boxing Club. Briggs competed mainly in heavyweight division (201 lbs,) he became New York City Golden Gloves champion, New York State Champion, National P.A.L. Champion and finished second at the Pan American Games in 1991, stepping into the finals on several byes, thus gaining a silver medal already without a single fight, though losing the final to Félix Savón. In 1992 he became the United States Amateur Champion. Along with two national titles in heavyweight was the winner of the 1991 Daily News Golden Gloves superheavyweight title. By December 1991 he was ranked third nationally in his class.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: As an amateur he sparred with Phil Jackson, who was a pro at that time, preparing to fight Razor Ruddock. Brigg's lawyer and adviser (equivalent of pro's manager) at that time was Mike Marley, the ex-Post boxing writer. Marley later managed Briggs as a professional.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: USA−Poland Duals (heavyweight), Northern Michigan University Olympic Training Site, Marquette, Michigan, February 1991:


title: Shannon Briggs

text: Briggs aimed to get a shot at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, but quit from the national olympic trials over a hand injury.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: Briggs began his career in 1992 and was undefeated in his first 25 fights, and was trained by Teddy Atlas. He suffered his first loss when he was knocked out in three rounds by undefeated Darroll Wilson in Atlantic City, New Jersey, in 1996. The fight was broadcast on HBO and was a showcase of young heavyweight fighters.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: Briggs fought against lineal champion George Foreman on November 22, 1997, at the Trump Taj Majal Hotel & Casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Coming into the fight, Briggs sported a 29–1 record with 24 of his wins coming by way of knockout; collectively, he fought a total of 86 rounds. However, despite his record, his one loss had been a third-round knockout against Darroll "Doin' Damage" Wilson on HBO the previous year which halted his momentum and hurt his status as one of the premier up-and-coming heavyweights. However, realizing that a win over Foreman would get him back into contention, Briggs vowed to be ready for the fight stating that he was "confident that I can go in and fight for 12 rounds and win a decision."


title: Shannon Briggs

text: After capturing the WBA and IBF titles from Michael Moorer late in 1994, George Foreman forfeited both titles but retained the lineal championship and successfully defended that crown (as well as the lowly regarded WBU heavyweight title) against then-undefeated prospects Crawford Grimsley and Lou Savarese. Following his win over Savarese, Foreman fought Briggs.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: The fight was controversial as Briggs ultimately picked up the victory by way of majority decision. Through the course of the fight, Foreman landed more punches and had a higher percentage of his punches land than Briggs. Foreman landed 284 of his 488 punches for a 58% success rate while Briggs landed 45% of his punches, going 223 for 494. Foreman made $5 million, whilst Briggs received a $400,000 purse.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: Foreman spent much of the fight as the aggressor while Briggs spent a lot of the fight retreating. In the later rounds Foreman's power punches seemed to take a toll on the younger Briggs, as he began slowing down and all but abandoned his tactic of moving away from Foreman and was hit from some heavy shots as a result. In the 12th and final round, Foreman tried hard for a knockout victory and was able to break Briggs' nose but was unable to score a knockdown. As a result, the result went to the judge's scorecards.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: One judge scored the fight a draw at 114–114, while the other two had the fight scored 116–112 and 117–113 in favor of Briggs, giving him both the majority decision win and the lineal heavyweight title.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: After Lennox Lewis successfully defended his WBC title in a dominating first-round knockout victory over Andrew Golota, he agreed to defend his title against the winner between Briggs-Foreman in the elimination bout organized by the WBC to determine who would become Lewis' next opponent. Though Foreman's promoters protested the result and Lewis instead turned his attention to a potential unification match with Evander Holyfield, Lewis ultimately agreed to defend his WBC championship against lineal champion Briggs in a fight billed as "March Badness".


title: Shannon Briggs

text: In the fifth round, Lewis knocked Briggs down for the third time with a powerful right hook at 1:09 into the round. Briggs lay flat on his back for five seconds but got back up at the count of eight and continued with the fight. After Briggs collapsed to the mat following a missed left hook, referee Frank Cappuccino stopped the fight and awarded Lewis the victory by technical knockout. Lewis earned $4 million compared to Briggs $1 million.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: After the loss to Lennox Lewis, Briggs spent seven years fighting against low ranked opponents. He scored 17 wins, all by knockout, 2 losses, 1 by majority and 1 by unanimous decision and a majority draw versus Frans Botha in 1998. Notable wins were against Ray Mercer, Brian Scott, Luciano Zolyone, Dicky Ryan and Chris Koval.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: Briggs won the WBO heavyweight title when he knocked out Sergei Liakhovich in the last round of a November 4, 2006, matchup. After a lackluster 11 rounds which left the Arizona crowd restless, Briggs was losing on all three judges' scorecards 106–103, 106–103, and 105–104. Briggs pressed the fight in the 12th round and knocked Liakhovich down. Briggs subsequently trapped him on the ropes and continued his assault, knocking Liakhovich out of the ring. Liakhovich landed on a ringside table, and the referee stopped the bout. If the referee had allowed the fight to continue after the second knockdown and Liakhovich had come back into the ring within 20 seconds, it would have resulted in a draw. The official time was 2:59.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: In his first title defense Shannon Briggs was to face Sultan Ibragimov on March 10, 2007; however, Briggs pulled out of the fight because he was diagnosed with "aspiration pneumonia." The fight was rescheduled fifty days later in Atlantic City on June 2, 2007, with Briggs losing in a unanimous decision 117–111, 119–109, and 115–113. After winning the first round, Briggs slowed down and did not have the aggressiveness, accuracy or stamina to compete with Ibragimov. At 273 pounds, Briggs was as heavy as he had been in his career. Briggs entered having won 12 consecutive fights prior to this and announced his retirement immediately following the bout.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: Briggs returned in 2009 and scored his twenty-ninth first-round knockout against Marcus McGee. After the bout, Briggs tested positive for a banned substance, and was suspended. The result of the bout was changed to 'No Contest'. Briggs manager Ivalyo Gotzev, stated Briggs was on medication to control his asthma. "He's not a steroid user or a drug user. We're consulting with his physicians and seeing how to make the proper adjustments to make sure this doesn't happen again." The New York State Athletic Commission suspended Briggs for 90 days. Briggs fought three times in 2010 before fighting Vitali Klitschko. He knocked out Rafael Pedro, Dominique Alexander and Rob Calloway all inside the first round of their respective fights.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: On October 16, 2010, Briggs fought for the WBC heavyweight title against Vitali Klitschko in the O World at Hamburg, the fight billed as "'Thunderstorm"'. During the fight Briggs took a severe beating and after the fight, went down in his quarters. Briggs lost a clear unanimous decision 120–107, 120–107, and 120–105. Brought to a hospital, Briggs was initially treated in intensive care and found to have suffered a left orbital fracture, a broken nose, and a torn left biceps.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: After a gap of more than three years, Briggs fought six bouts in 2014 and a further two in 2015. He won all eight, seven by knockout, earning the NABA Heavyweight title in the process.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: Briggs fought in Panama against Zoltan Petranyi, knocking him out in round 1. Following the fight, former cruiserweight world champion Guillermo Jones came into the ring to confront Briggs, demanding he fight him next. At this time, Briggs was chasing a fight with then unified and lineal world champion Wladimir Klitschko and told Jones, he would fight him after he fought Klitschko. Neither fight took place in the future. Briggs gained some notoriety over a video he released of himself harassing Klitschko at sea, as the latter was paddleboarding.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: In March 2016, Briggs confronted David Haye at his press conference for the announcement of his fight against little-known Arnold Gjergjaj at the O2 Arena on May 21, 2016. Haye did not agree to fight Briggs immediately but instead offered him the chance to fight on his undercard, promising that he would fight him next if he was victorious. Briggs agreed to this arrangement.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: On May 3, 2016, it was announced that Briggs would fight 6’7-inch former European heavyweight champion, Alexander Dimitrenko (38-2, 27 KOs). His opponent was changed a few days before the fight to Jakov Gospic (17-14, 12 KOs) and then to Emilio Ezequiel Zarate (20-16-3, 11 KOs). Briggs stopped Zarate in the first round of a scheduled 10 round bout with devastating body shots. The fight was stopped at 2:22 of the round. The win for Briggs had meant he could be fighting David Haye next. The card, which was shown live on free-to-air Dave was watched by over 1 million viewers.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: Despite winning on the undercard, a fight between Briggs and Haye didn't materialize. Brigg's continued to call out Haye, asking him to honor his end of the agreement. Briggs also chased Haye down in Brooklyn when both were in attendance for the Frampton vs. Santa Cruz fight. In October, Haye spoke out about the fight not taking place due to the fact that Briggs wanted the fight to be on ppv, “Because the fight can’t happen on pay-per-view ... I like people thinking I’m running from him and ducking him because when I do get in the ring with him, which I really think I will do, I think it will make it a bigger fight. But at the moment the fight can’t happen because he will only fight me if the fight is on pay-per-view. I would fight him on [UK terrestrial channel] DAVE, but he doesn't want to do that.”


title: Shannon Briggs

text: On November 2, 2016, the WBA ordered Briggs to fight Australian heavyweight Lucas Browne for the WBA regular title. The title became vacant after Browne defeated Ruslan Chagaev in March 2016 but was later stripped after he tested positive for drugs. The fight was ordered to take place before the end of 2016. The WBA and Browne came to a legal settlement which said he would fight for a world title next. Browne was due to fight Fres Oquendo, who hadn't fought since 2014, however that fight could not be made due to Oquendo recovering from an injury. The WBA ordered the winner of this bout to fight Oquendo in a mandatory defense within 120 days.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: On November 22, VADA informed the WBC that Browne had failed a second drug test in the space of six months. After being tested positive for banned substance clenbuterol ahead of his March fight with Ruslan Chagaev, Browne this time tested positive for ostarine, a stamina-increasing substance.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: On December 26, 2016 Alexander Ustinov's manager Vladimir Hryunov announced that he would be fighting for the WBA 'Regular' title on February 25, 2017, against either Briggs or Fres Oquendo. Oquendo's trainer Nate Jones later confirmed a fight with Briggs was in the works. On January 4, 2017, the WBA ordered for a deal to be reached between Briggs and Oquendo within 30 days or they would force a purse bid. Briggs told Sky Sports he wanted the fight to take place in the UK, after his increasing fan base, mostly due to Briggs spending a lot of time there pursuing a fight with David Haye.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: A deal wasn't reached by February 2 and the WBA ordered a purse bid to take place on February 13, 2017. Although some promoters were interested in the fight, there were issues raised around the minimum bid of $1 million, being too high. A bid of $400,000 was made by The Heavyweight Factory representative Henry Rivalta, on behalf of Briggs however not being valid due to not meeting the minimum requirement. The WBA ordered another purse bid to take place on February 23.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: On February 23, Square Ring Promotions and Hitz Entertainment Corporation announced that a deal had been reached for the Briggs vs. Oquendo fight. CEO of Square Ring Promotions John Wirt told World Boxing News, “We are really excited that we were able to reach an agreement with Kris Lawrence and Henry Rivalta of The Heavyweight Factory.” On March 16, Briggs announced via his Social Media accounts, the fight would take place June 3, 2017 at the Hard Rock Hollywood in Florida. The fight was being billed as "Backyard Brawl".


title: Shannon Briggs

text: On May 21, 2017, it was reported that Briggs had failed a drug test. He tested positive for 'dramatically increased levels of testosterone'. It was revealed that Briggs' collected sample had almost 8 times the regular amount of testosterone for a man of his age and weight. It was said that the fight would be called off, although no official decision was made. The sample was taken on May 14 and tested on May 16. It was also said that the fight was likely to be postponed after Briggs promoters failed to secure TV rights for the fight. A day later, Hitz Boxing and The Heavyweight Factory announced the fight was officially off and they would not reschedule a new date.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: On July 20, 2017, Briggs was suspended for six months by the WBA and is expected to lose his #3 position in the WBA rankings. He will also likely drop out of the top 15.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: On March 5, 2019, Briggs announced he would be coming to the UK for a number of 'meet and greets'. Briggs told Sky Sports that he would be applying for a British boxing license in order to fight in the UK. He claimed he had licensing in the US and would likely appear on Tyson Fury's undercard on June 15 at the Thomas & Mack Center in Nevada. On May 15, 2020, Briggs told Dame Dash on Instagram Live that he and Mike Tyson will fight in an exhibition. The preferred date and location was July 4, 2020 at the Statue of Liberty.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: Briggs competed briefly for the K-1 kickboxing promotion in 2004. In his lone kickboxing match, he knocked out Tom Erikson, a mixed martial artist with a background in collegiate wrestling, just over a minute into round one at the "K-1 World Grand Prix 2004 in Saitama" in Saitama, Japan on March 27, 2004.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: Briggs is also an actor. He made his television acting debut on "New York Undercover" in 1995 and has since appeared in feature films "Bad Boys II", with Will Smith and Martin Lawrence, "Transporter 2," and "The Wackness."


title: Shannon Briggs

text: Briggs also made an appearance on the Fugees' breakthrough album, "The Score." He appears in the music video for rapper Thirstin Howl III's song "Surrounded By Criminals" (from his 2011 album "Natural Born Skiller").


title: Shannon Briggs

text: Shannon Briggs was summoned to US Federal Court District South Carolina on June 7, 2012, according to court documents Kali Bowyer, Briggs' ex-publicist, was awarded over $420,000.00 plus interest for her services.


title: Shannon Briggs

text: On March 20, 2019, Briggs and Applied BioSciences had agreed a partnership deal. Applied BioSciences, a cannabinoid therapeutics company, focused on medical, bioceutical, testing and pet health industries. Briggs stated, “I have partnered with Applied BioSciences to develop and market Champ Organics because their products are made with the highest quality ingredients and all-natural CBD.  I am a firm believer in the benefits that CBD delivers for joint pain and headaches. Since I have incorporated CBD to my daily supplements, I have been surprised by the positive impact it has had on my overall quality of life.”


title: Shannon Briggs

text: In the fall of 2019, Shannon Briggs became the trainer for internet superstar Logan Paul for his rematch against fellow internet superstar KSI. The bout went the distance and KSI was awarded the split decision victory.


title: Weight loss

text: Weight loss, in the context of medicine, health, or physical fitness, refers to a reduction of the total body mass, by a mean loss of fluid, body fat (adipose tissue), or lean mass (namely bone mineral deposits, muscle, tendon, and other connective tissue). Weight loss can either occur unintentionally because of malnourishment or an underlying disease, or from a conscious effort to improve an actual or perceived overweight or obese state. "Unexplained" weight loss that is not caused by reduction in calorific intake or exercise is called cachexia and may be a symptom of a serious medical condition.


title: Weight loss

text: Intentional weight loss is the loss of total body mass as a result of efforts to improve fitness and health, or to change appearance through slimming. Weight loss is the main treatment for obesity, and there is substantial evidence this can prevent progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes with a 7-10% weight loss and manage cardiometabolic health for diabetic people with a 5-15% weight loss.


title: Weight loss

text: Weight loss in individuals who are overweight or obese can reduce health risks, increase fitness, and may delay the onset of diabetes. It could reduce pain and increase movement in people with osteoarthritis of the knee. Weight loss can lead to a reduction in hypertension (high blood pressure), however whether this reduces hypertension-related harm is unclear. Weight loss is achieved by adopting a lifestyle in which fewer calories are consumed than are expended. Depression, stress or boredom may contribute to weight increase, and in these cases, individuals are advised to seek medical help. A 2010 study found that dieters who got a full night's sleep lost more than twice as much fat as sleep-deprived dieters. Though hypothesized that supplementation of vitamin D may help, studies do not support this. The majority of dieters regain weight over the long term. According to the UK National Health Service and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, those who achieve and manage a healthy weight do so most successfully by being careful to consume just enough calories to meet their needs, and being physically active.


title: Weight loss

text: For weight loss to be permanent, changes in diet and lifestyle must be permanent as well. There is evidence that counseling or exercise alone do not result in weight loss, whereas dieting alone results in meaningful long-term weight loss, and a combination of dieting and exercise provides the best results. Meal replacements, orlistat, a very-low-calorie diet, and primary care intensive medical interventions can also support meaningful weight loss.


title: Weight loss

text: The least intrusive weight loss methods, and those most often recommended, are adjustments to eating patterns and increased physical activity, generally in the form of exercise. The World Health Organization recommends that people combine a reduction of processed foods high in saturated fats, sugar and salt, and reduced caloric intake with an increase in physical activity. Both long-term exercise programs and anti-obesity medications reduce abdominal fat volume.


title: Weight loss

text: Self-monitoring of diet, exercise, and weight are beneficial strategies for weight loss, particularly early in weight loss programs. Research indicates that those who log their foods about three times per day and about 20 times per month are more likely to achieve clinically significant weight loss.


title: Weight loss

text: Weight loss depends on maintaining an negative energy balance and not the type of macronutrients (such as carbohydrate) consumed. High protein diets have shown greater efficacy in the short term for people eating "ad libitum" due to increased thermogenesis and satiety.


title: Weight loss

text: Other methods of weight loss include use of anti-obesity drugs that decrease appetite, block fat absorption, or reduce stomach volume. Obesity has been resistant to drug-based therapies, with a 2021 review stating that existing medications are "often delivering insufficient efficacy and dubious safety".


title: Weight loss

text: Bariatric surgery may be indicated in cases of severe obesity. Two common bariatric surgical procedures are gastric bypass and gastric banding. Both can be effective at limiting the intake of food energy by reducing the size of the stomach, but as with any surgical procedure both come with their own risks that should be considered in consultation with a physician.


title: Weight loss

text: There is a substantial market for products which claim to make weight loss easier, quicker, cheaper, more reliable, or less painful. These include books, DVDs, CDs, cremes, lotions, pills, rings and earrings, body wraps, body belts and other materials, fitness centers, clinics, personal coaches, weight loss groups, and food products and supplements. Dietary supplements, though widely used, are not considered a healthy option for weight loss, and have no clinical evidence of efficacy. Herbal products have not been shown to be effective.


title: Weight loss

text: In 2008, between US$33 billion and $55 billion was spent annually in the US on weight-loss products and services, including medical procedures and pharmaceuticals, with weight-loss centers taking between 6 and 12 percent of total annual expenditure. Over $1.6 billion per year was spent on weight-loss supplements. About 70 percent of Americans' dieting attempts are of a self-help nature.


title: Weight loss

text: In Western Europe, sales of weight-loss products, excluding prescription medications, topped €1,25 billion (£900 million/$1.4 billion) in 2009.


title: Weight loss

text: The scientific soundness of commercial diets by commercial weight management organizations varies widely, being previously non-evidence-based, so there is only limited evidence supporting their use, because of high attrition rates. Commercial diets result in modest weight loss in the long term, with similar results regardless of the brand, and similarly to non-commercial diets and standard care. Comprehensive diet programs, providing counseling and targets for calorie intake, are more efficient than dieting without guidance ("self-help"), although the evidence is very limited. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence devised a set of essential criteria to be met by commercial weight management organizations to be approved.


title: Weight loss

text: Unintentional weight loss may result from loss of body fats, loss of body fluids, muscle atrophy, or a combination of these. It is generally regarded as a medical problem when at least 10% of a person's body weight has been lost in six months or 5% in the last month. Another criterion used for assessing weight that is too low is the body mass index (BMI). However, even lesser amounts of weight loss can be a cause for serious concern in a frail elderly person.


title: Weight loss

text: Unintentional weight loss can occur because of an inadequately nutritious diet relative to a person's energy needs (generally called malnutrition). Disease processes, changes in metabolism, hormonal changes, medications or other treatments, disease- or treatment-related dietary changes, or reduced appetite associated with a disease or treatment can also cause unintentional weight loss. Poor nutrient utilization can lead to weight loss, and can be caused by fistulae in the gastrointestinal tract, diarrhea, drug-nutrient interaction, enzyme depletion and muscle atrophy.


title: Weight loss

text: Continuing weight loss may deteriorate into wasting, a vaguely defined condition called cachexia. Cachexia differs from starvation in part because it involves a systemic inflammatory response. It is associated with poorer outcomes. In the advanced stages of progressive disease, metabolism can change so that they lose weight even when they are getting what is normally regarded as adequate nutrition and the body cannot compensate. This leads to a condition called anorexia cachexia syndrome (ACS) and additional nutrition or supplementation is unlikely to help. Symptoms of weight loss from ACS include severe weight loss from muscle rather than body fat, loss of appetite and feeling full after eating small amounts, nausea, anemia, weakness and fatigue.


title: Weight loss

text: Serious weight loss may reduce quality of life, impair treatment effectiveness or recovery, worsen disease processes and be a risk factor for high mortality rates. Malnutrition can affect every function of the human body, from the cells to the most complex body functions, including:


title: Weight loss

text: Malnutrition can lead to vitamin and other deficiencies and to inactivity, which in turn may pre-dispose to other problems, such as pressure sores. Unintentional weight loss can be the characteristic leading to diagnosis of diseases such as cancer and type 1 diabetes. In the UK, up to 5% of the general population is underweight, but more than 10% of those with lung or gastrointestinal diseases and who have recently had surgery. According to data in the UK using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool ('MUST'), which incorporates unintentional weight loss, more than 10% of the population over the age of 65 is at risk of malnutrition. A high proportion (10–60%) of hospital patients are also at risk, along with a similar proportion in care homes.


title: Weight loss

text: Medical treatment can directly or indirectly cause weight loss, impairing treatment effectiveness and recovery that can lead to further weight loss in a vicious cycle. Many patients will be in pain and have a loss of appetite after surgery. Part of the body's response to surgery is to direct energy to wound healing, which increases the body's overall energy requirements. Surgery affects nutritional status indirectly, particularly during the recovery period, as it can interfere with wound healing and other aspects of recovery. Surgery directly affects nutritional status if a procedure permanently alters the digestive system. Enteral nutrition (tube feeding) is often needed. However a policy of 'nil by mouth' for all gastrointestinal surgery has not been shown to benefit, with some weak evidence suggesting it might hinder recovery. Early post-operative nutrition is a part of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocols. These protocols also include carbohydrate loading in the 24 hours before surgery, but earlier nutritional interventions have not been shown to have a significant impact.


title: Weight loss

text: Social conditions such as poverty, social isolation and inability to get or prepare preferred foods can cause unintentional weight loss, and this may be particularly common in older people. Nutrient intake can also be affected by culture, family and belief systems. Ill-fitting dentures and other dental or oral health problems can also affect adequacy of nutrition.


title: Weight loss

text: Loss of hope, status or social contact and spiritual distress can cause depression, which may be associated with reduced nutrition, as can fatigue.


title: Weight loss

text: Some popular beliefs attached to weight loss have been shown to either have less effect on weight loss than commonly believed or are actively unhealthy. According to Harvard Health, the idea of metabolic rate being the "key to weight" is "part truth and part myth" as while metabolism does affect weight loss, external forces such as diet and exercise have an equal effect. They also commented that the idea of changing one's rate of metabolism is under debate. Diet plans in fitness magazines are also often believed to be effective but may actually be harmful by limiting the daily intake of important calories and nutrients which can be detrimental depending on the person and are even capable of driving individuals away from weight loss.


title: Weight loss

text: Obesity increases health risks, including diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, to name a few. Reduction of obesity lowers those risks. A 1-kg loss of body weight has been associated with an approximate 1-mm Hg drop in blood pressure. Intentional weight loss is associated with cognitive performance improvements in overweight and obese individuals.


title: Bulbasaur

text: Bulbasaur is a Grass/Poison-type Pokémon species in Nintendo and Game Freak's "Pokémon" franchise. It is the first in the franchise's monster index, called a Pokédex. Designed by Atsuko Nishida, Bulbasaur debuted in "Pocket Monsters: Red" and "Green" ("Pokémon Red" and "Blue" outside Japan) as a starter Pokémon. Since then, it has reappeared in subsequent sequels, spin-off games, related merchandise, and animated and printed adaptations of the franchise.


title: Bulbasaur

text: Known as the Seed Pokémon, Bulbasaur can survive for days solely on sunlight. It likes to take a nap in the sunshine. While it sleeps, the seed on its back catches the rays and uses the energy to grow. It is a central character in the "Pokémon" anime, being one of Ash Ketchum's main Pokémon for the first season, and a different one later being obtained by May. It is featured in various manga, and is owned by protagonist Red in the "Pokémon Adventures" manga. Bulbasaur has been featured in myriad pieces of merchandise, including toys, key chains, and plush dolls.


title: Bulbasaur

text: Bulbasaur can evolve into Ivysaur at level 16, and can further evolve into Venusaur at level 32. Venusaur can also evolve into Mega Venusaur if the player equips it with a Venusaurite, but this feature was only first added to the Pokémon games in Pokémon X and Y.


title: Bulbasaur

text: Bulbasaur was designed by Atsuko Nishida, one of the character designers for "Pocket Monsters Red" and "Blue", who based its design on Ivysaur, the mid-evolved form of Bulbasaur. The species first appeared as one of three starter Pokémon the player could choose from at the beginning of the initial Game Boy games, "Pokémon Red" and "Blue", released in Japan in 1996. Its Japanese name, "Fushigidane" (fu-SHI-gi-DAHN-eh), is a combination of the Japanese words for and . In translating the game for English speaking audiences, Nintendo gave the Pokémon "cleverly descriptive names" related to their appearance or features as a means to make the characters more relatable to American children; thus "Bulbasaur", a portmanteau relating to both its dinosaurian appearance and the large garlic-shaped bulb on its back. Both the etymology and appearance of Bulbasaur, Ivysaur and Venusaur convey a transition of this Pokémon from the harmless to the dangerous as it evolves. The idea to feature Bulbasaur and the other "Red" and "Blue" starters in a significant role in "Pokémon X" and "Y" came about a year and a half into the development of the games. The Mega Evolutions for the three Pokémon's final forms were created, and the designers decided that they should give players an opportunity to receive one of these Pokémon from Professor Sycamore, the games professor, to see their Mega Evolved form.


title: Bulbasaur

text: Despite their English names, Ken Sugimori confirmed that the design of Bulbasaur and its evolutions are based on onions and bulldogs, albeit identified more with a smaller Dicynodont. In the "Pokémon" franchise, Bulbasaur are small, squat amphibian and plant Pokémon that move on all four legs, and have blue-green bodies with darker blue-green spots. As a Bulbasaur undergoes evolution into Ivysaur and then later into Venusaur, the bulb on its back blossoms into a large flower. The seed on a Bulbasaur's back is planted at birth and then sprouts and grows larger as the Bulbasaur grows. The bulb absorbs sunlight which allows it to grow, and for this reason, Bulbasaur enjoy soaking up the sun's rays. They can also survive for days without eating because the bulb stores energy. The distinctive differences of Bulbasaur from other Pokémon such as Diglett are well understood by children and so motivate their play and trading of the creature.


title: Bulbasaur

text: Bulbasaur made its video game debut on February 27, 1996, in the Japanese-language games "Pocket Monsters Red" and Green. Along with Charmander and Squirtle, Bulbasaur is a starter Pokémon the player can choose from at the beginning of the games. Bulbasaur's dual typing of Grass and Poison type is in contrast to Charmander's Fire type and Squirtle's Water type. Bulbasaur is the only starter in Red, Blue, and Green that has a dual typing. Bulbasaur and the other starters from "Red" and "Blue" are replaced by Pikachu in "Pokémon Yellow", the only starter available in it. Instead, they are obtained throughout the game from several NPCs. In "Pokémon FireRed" and "LeafGreen", remakes of "Red" and "Blue", Bulbasaur is selectable as a starter Pokémon once again, along with Charmander and Squirtle. In "Pokémon HeartGold" and "SoulSilver", after obtaining all sixteen badges and defeating Red, the player can choose to obtain either Bulbasaur, Charmander, or Squirtle. You can also find them in the Pal Park field in "Pokemon Diamond and Pearl", "Pokemon Platinum" and "Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver". In "Pokémon X" and "Y", players can also choose between Bulbasaur, Charmander, and Squirtle near the start of the game shortly after having chosen the games' new starter Pokémon. In "", you can find one in the Master Dojo.


title: Bulbasaur

text: The Nintendo 64 spin-off "Pokémon Stadium", and other spin-offs such as "Pokémon Mystery Dungeon", give the player a choice of a Bulbasaur (among fifteen other Pokémon), and in "Pokémon Snap", Bulbasaur are one of the Pokémon that the player can photograph. It also appears in "Pokémon Puzzle League" as one of Ash's Pokémon. Bulbasaur also appears in "Hey You, Pikachu!" as a supporting character who lives in the Ochre Woods and makes the five recipes with Pikachu's help. In "Super Smash Bros. Melee" and "Brawl", Bulbasaur appears as one of the obtainable trophies. Bulbasaur appears in "" as the host of a mini-game called "Daring Dash". In 2016, Bulbasaur was one of the four starter Pokémon in "Pokémon Go", and appearing also in "Pokémon Unite" and "New Pokémon Snap".


title: Bulbasaur

text: Scenes from the "Pokémon" anime have depicted both the characters Ash and May training a Bulbasaur at different times, with Ash's Bulbasaur garnering more prominence within the storylines. Ash's Bulbasaur has remained with Ash longer than all of his other Pokémon, with the exception of his Pikachu. Before joining Ash's team, it lives with a girl named Melanie, who takes care of abandoned Pokémon. Bulbasaur is given to Ash, but it is pessimistic about him. However, its loyalties begin to improve and it eventually becomes one of Ash's most faithful Pokémon. May catches a Bulbasaur while traveling in a grass-type Pokémon nature reserve during her journey in Hoenn. Bulbasaur defends her from the other grass Pokémon in the forest, who see her as a threat, and when May leaves, Bulbasaur decides to go with her. She later makes a guest appearance on the series and it is revealed that her Bulbasaur has fully evolved into a Venusaur.


title: Bulbasaur

text: In the original Japanese version the two Bulbasaur are each played by separate voice actresses, Ash's Bulbasaur by Megumi Hayashibara and May's by Miyako Itō. In the English dub, they are both voiced by Tara Jayne until Michele Knotz took over the job for the ninth season.


title: Bulbasaur

text: Bulbasaur is featured in an eclectic range of different "Pokémon" manga series. In "", "", and "", which loosely parallel the storyline of the anime, Pikachu is separated from Ash temporarily, and travels with a Bulbasaur to a secret Pokémon village in the mountains. Later, Ash finds Pikachu and catches the Bulbasaur. Bulbasaur accompanies Ash throughout his journeys in the Orange Islands, and eventually fights in the final showdown with Drake, the Orange Crew Supreme Gym Leader. In "Magical Pokémon Journey", a character named Pistachio has a female Bulbasaur (nicknamed Danerina in the Japanese version), who is infatuated by him.


title: Bulbasaur

text: In "Pokémon Adventures", a manga based on the plot of the "Pokémon Red" and "Blue" games, the character Red receives a Bulbasaur from Professor Oak, which he nicknames Saur. In Chapter 15, "Wartortle Wars", it evolves into an Ivysaur after battling a wild Mankey. A Bulbasaur owned by Red appeared in the first episode of "Pokemon Generations". Bulbasaur is the main character of two "Pokémon" children's books, "Pokémon Tales Volume 3: Bulbasaur's Trouble" and "Bulbasaur's Bad Day", published in 1999 and 2000 respectively by Sagebrush. In "Pokémon Tales Volume 3: Bulbasaur's Trouble", Bulbasaur resolves an argument between two other Pokémon. In "Bulbasaur's Bad Day", Meowth traps Bulbasaur in a pit and it has to outwit Team Rocket (the antagonists of the "Pokémon" anime) to escape. Bulbasaur also appears in the movie "Pokemon: Detective Pikachu", where they helps lead Pikachu for Mewtwo to heal. In making the film, a bulldog was used to understand the top-heavy movement of Bulbasaur. Then puppeteers in London were hired to create 3D puppets of it. Facial expressions and texture details were added using CGI.


title: Bulbasaur

text: Bulbasaur is set to be featured alongside other iconic Generation I Pokémon in a version of the "Labyrinth" board game in 2021.


title: Bulbasaur

text: Bulbasaur has been featured in varying pieces of merchandise, including toys and plush dolls. Bulbasaur has been depicted in action figures sold by Hasbro in the United States, while Tomy in Japan sold extensive merchandise of the character, including vinyl dolls, wind-up model kits, Singaporean popcorn, and terry cloth bean bags. It has also been used in promotional merchandising at fast-food chains such as McDonald's and Burger King. Bulbasaur has also been included in various versions of the Pokémon painting on ANA Boeing 767s. In 2021, Seiko made limited edition luxury watches based on Bulbasaur and its evolutionary family. The watches also depict its famous Solar Beam attack. The island nation of Niue issued a commemorative coin with a legal tender value of one crown which has a Bulbasaur on the reverse side.


title: Bulbasaur

text: Bulbasaur has been largely praised by critics for its appearance, especially in the "Pokémon" anime. "Nintendo World Report"'s Pedro Hernandez called it his favorite Pokémon, noting that it represented a number of firsts for him: his first episode of the anime, his first Pokémon, and the first one he saw in 3D. Calling Bulbasaur the reason he became interested in the "Pokémon" series, he stated that he was "deeply touched" by how it refused to evolve in the anime in order to "prove his self-worth as his un-evolved form". IGN editor "Pokémon of the Day Chick" also praised Ash's "attitude-packing Bulbasaur" in the anime, and "Official Nintendo Magazine"s John Vekinis attributed his "love of Grass-type Pokémon" to Bulbasaur in spite of the Grass type's weaknesses.


title: Bulbasaur

text: Chris Plante of "Polygon" called Bulbasaur "the best "Pokémon" all along", citing that series producer and director Junichi Masuda defended Bulbasaur as the best starter Pokémon, calling it "really cute, as a character," and "a very "Pokémon"-like Pokémon" that "kind of exemplifies what "Pokémon" is for me" due to its monster and plant combination. Plante called Bulbasaur and its evolutions "comparably dull", but, nevertheless, stated that they were "the most true to life", as it looked more "leathery and aged" as it got older in comparison to the other starters. Cass Marshall and Julia Lee of the same publication described Bulbasaur on "Detective Pikachu" as "unassuming and sweet," a creature who makes a "lovable friend."


title: Pat Carroll

text: Patricia Ann Carroll (May 5, 1927 – July 30, 2022) was an American actress and comedian. She was known for voicing Ursula in "The Little Mermaid" and for appearances in CBS's "The Danny Thomas Show", ABC's "Laverne & Shirley", and NBC's "ER". Carroll was an Emmy, Drama Desk, and Grammy Award winner, as well as a Tony Award nominee.


title: Pat Carroll

text: Carroll was born in Shreveport, Louisiana, on May 5, 1927, to Maurice Clifton Carroll (d. 1963) and Kathryn Angela (née Meagher). Her family moved to Los Angeles when Pat was five years old, and she soon began acting in local productions. She graduated from Immaculate Heart High School and attended Catholic University of America after enlisting in the United States Army as a civilian actress technician.


title: Pat Carroll

text: Carroll began her acting career in 1947. She got her first acting credit as Lorelei Crawford in the 1948 film "Hometown Girl". In 1952, she made her television debut in "The Red Buttons Show". In 1955, her Broadway debut in "Catch a Star!" garnered her a nomination for a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical. In 1956, Carroll won an Emmy Award for her work on "Caesar's Hour" and was a regular on the sitcom "Make Room for Daddy" from 1961 to 1964. She guest-starred in the drama anthology series "The DuPont Show with June Allyson". Carroll also appeared on many variety shows of the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, such as The Steve Allen show, "The Danny Kaye Show", "The Red Skelton Show", and "The Carol Burnett Show". In 1965 she co-starred as "Prunella", one of the wicked stepsisters in the 1965 production of Rodgers and Hammerstein's musical version of "Cinderella".


title: Pat Carroll

text: In the late 1970s Carroll's successful one woman show on Gertrude Stein, "Gertrude Stein, Gertrude Stein, Gertrude Stein" (by playwright Marty Martin), won several major theater awards; her recorded version won a 1980 Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word, Documentary or Drama.


title: Pat Carroll

text: In early 1976, Carroll was cast as Lily, the mother of Shirley Feeney (played by Cindy Williams) in the episode "Mother Knows Worst" on the hit "ABC" situation comedy, "Laverne & Shirley". She portrayed Pearl Markowitz, the mother of Adam Arkins character Lenny Markowitz, in the 1977 CBS situation comedy "Busting Loose". Her frequent television roles in the 1980s included newspaper owner Hope Stinson on the syndicated "The Ted Knight Show" (the former "Too Close for Comfort") during its final season in 1986; and as Gussie Holt, the mother of Suzanne Somers's lead character in the syndicated sitcom "She's the Sheriff" (1987–1989).


title: Pat Carroll

text: From the late 1980s on, Carroll had a great deal of voice-over work on animated programs such as "A Pup Named Scooby-Doo", "Galaxy High", and "Foofur", and the film "A Goofy Movie". On TV's "Pound Puppies", she voiced Katrina Stoneheart. On two "Garfield" television specials ("A Garfield Christmas" and "Garfield's Thanksgiving"), she portrayed Jon's feisty Grandmother. She also voiced the character of Granny in the 2005 re-release of Hayao Miyazaki's "My Neighbor Totoro".


title: Pat Carroll

text: In 1989, Carroll portrayed the sea witch Ursula in Disney's "The Little Mermaid" and sang "Poor Unfortunate Souls". In interviews, Carroll referred to the role, her first as a villain, as one of the favorites of her career. She later reprised the role in other forms of media, including the "Kingdom Hearts" series of video games, the spinoff television series, the Disney+ series "The Wonderful World of Mickey Mouse", and various Disney theme parks attractions and shows, as well as voicing Ursula's sister Morgana in the direct-to-video sequel "".


title: Pat Carroll

text: Carroll also appeared on a variety of game shows including "Celebrity Sweepstakes," "You Don't Say", "To Tell the Truth", "Match Game 73", "Password", and "I've Got a Secret".


title: Pat Carroll

text: A member of the Actors Studio, she also enjoyed a successful career in the theater, appearing in numerous plays including productions of "Our Town" and Sophocles's "Electra". In 1990, she starred in "The Merry Wives of Windsor" at the Shakespeare Theatre at the Folger in the role of Sir John Falstaff, a balding knight with whiskers.


title: Pat Carroll

text: When drama critic Frank Rich of "The New York Times" reviewed her performance he wrote, "Her performance is a triumph from start to finish, and, I think, a particularly brave and moving one, with implications that go beyond this one production. Ms. Carroll and Mr. Kahn help revivify the argument that the right actresses can perform some of the great classic roles traditionally denied to women and make them their own. It's not a new argument, to be sure; female Hamlets stretch back into history. But what separates Ms. Carroll's Falstaff from some other similar casting experiments of late is that her performance exists to investigate a character rather than merely as ideological window dressing for a gimmicky production."


title: Pat Carroll

text: Carroll married Lee Karsian in 1955 and they had three children, including actress Tara Karsian. The marriage ended in a divorce in 1976. In 1991, Carroll received an honorary doctorate from Siena College in Albany, New York. Carroll, a practicing Roman Catholic, cited that her religious views helped her to determine what projects to accept. She was a lifelong Republican as of 1992.


title: Pat Carroll

text: In 1963, Carroll filed a $12,000 lawsuit against Hanna-Barbera for breach of contract, claiming that she had been cast and signed on to the role of Jane Jetson on "The Jetsons". Morey Amsterdam, who alleged that he had been cast as George, was also a plaintiff in the same suit. Although her contracts stipulated she would be paid US$500 an episode with a guarantee of twenty-four episodes (i.e., a full season), she recorded only one episode before being replaced. Several sources claimed the change had occurred as a result of sponsor conflict with Carroll's "Make Room for Daddy". The case had been closed by early 1965. Carroll stated in an interview in 2013 that the court had ruled in favor of Hanna-Barbera.


title: Pat Carroll

text: Carroll died of pneumonia at her home in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, on July 30, 2022, at the age of 95.


title: Tokyo Vice

text: Tokyo Vice: An American Reporter on the Police Beat in Japan is a 2009 memoir by Jake Adelstein of his years living in Tokyo as the first non-Japanese reporter working for one of Japan's largest newspapers, "Yomiuri Shinbun". It was published by Random House and Pantheon Books. HBO adapted the memoir into a 2022 television series. The veracity of the tales described in the memoir has been called into question.


title: Tokyo Vice

text: The account covers Adelstein's career in Tokyo, starting in 1993 when he was hired as a rookie reporter for "Yomiuri Shimbun." As a cadet, he describes being taken under the wing of Sekiguchi, an older detective. Adelstein was initially assigned to "tacky" Saitama, and the memoir covers his next 12 years as a staffer for the paper, describing 80-hour work weeks, relationship difficulties, and the interactions between crime reporters and the police. Specific cases involve the search for the killer of Lucie Blackman, and the memoir also details death threats after he published an expose on Tadamasa Goto. He also uncovered that Saitama Prefecture was altering scientific data on dioxin contamination.


title: Tokyo Vice

text: "Tokyo Vice: An American Reporter on the Police Beat in Japan" is a 2009 memoir by Jake Adelstein of his years living in Tokyo as the first non-Japanese reporter working for one of Japan's largest newspapers. He initially had a deal to release the book in Japan. However, after Adelstein wrote an expose for the "Washington Post" concerning the FBI granting visas to yakuza members, Adelstein sought police protection in 2009 and left the country.


title: Tokyo Vice

text: Adelstein wrote in 2013 that: "The book is translated into Japanese but no publisher will touch it. It steps on too many toes." He described how in September 2008, the Japanese publisher "got cold feet and backed out." Stated Adelstein, "a risk assessment was done and the conclusion at the time was that publishing the book could result in unpleasant things like arson, dump trucks being smashed into the (publisher’s) building, and the kidnapping of the publisher’s employees and other acts of violence... I don’t blame them for opting out." He wrote that the English version and Japanese version, which he wrote without a translator, are essentially the same, but with sources "more obscured" in the Japanese version. After trying and failing to have the book published in Japan, it was published by Random House and Pantheon Books. Kirkus Reviews called it "Not just a hard-boiled true-crime thriller, but an engrossing, troubling look at crime and human exploitation in Japan."


title: Tokyo Vice

text: In August 2013 a film adaptation of the memoir was announced. Adelstein co-wrote the story for the film version of "Tokyo Vice" with American playwright J. T. Rogers, and Rogers then wrote the screenplay. Anthony Mandler was announced to direct the film, with John Lesher and Adam Kassan serving as producers, and Binn Jakupi serving as an executive producer. The film was expected to begin filming in Tokyo in mid-2015, with Daniel Radcliffe set to play Adelstein. Production never commenced .


title: Tokyo Vice

text: In June 2019, a television adaptation of the memoir was announced. The 8-part television series stars Ansel Elgort playing Jake Adelstein, an American journalist who embeds himself into the Tokyo Vice police squad to reveal corruption. The series also stars Ken Watanabe and is written and executive produced by Tony Award-winning playwright J. T. Rogers, with Endeavor Content serving as the studio. In October 2019, it was announced that Michael Mann would direct the pilot episode and would serve as executive producer. John Lesher, Emily Gerson Saines, and Destin Daniel Cretton also serve as executive producers, alongside J.T. Rogers, Mann, Elgort and Watanabe.


title: Tokyo Vice

text: In addition to Elgort and Watanabe, the "Tokyo" Vice cast also includes Rachel Keller and Ella Rumpf.


title: Tokyo Vice

text: The series premiered on April 7, 2022, on HBO Max, with the first three episodes available immediately, followed by two episodes on a weekly basis until the season finale on April 28.


title: Tokyo Vice

text: After the release of the TV series, "The Hollywood Reporter" published an article on persons involved in the Japanese newspaper business and American entertainment industry casting doubts on the veracity of the stories published in the book. American television producer Philip Day recalled that, in 2010, while shooting a documentary for National Geographic, felt Adelstein was not credible, citing one incident where Adelstein called him to say he had been attacked by a yakuza in the street with a phone book. A lawsuit was brought in 2011 by Adelstein after he claimed that the production interviewing three different gangsters led to threats on his life. Adelstein's former colleague at the Yomiuri, Tsujii, maintained that the atmosphere of brawling and going undercover were not tolerated. Adelstein stated in the article, "Nothing in the book is exaggerated. Everything is written as it happened." After the "THR" article was published, Adelstein published a response stating, "Mr. Blair deliberately left out or ignored correspondences testifying to my credibility or verifying my reporting", arguing the piece focused too much on the 2011 lawsuit and was inaccurate about keeping sources anonymous, and releasing a collection of documents and sources on Twitter stated to be from the making of the book.


title: Sarah Churchill (actress)

text: Sarah Millicent Hermione Touchet-Jesson, Baroness Audley ("née" Spencer-Churchill; 7 October 1914 – 24 September 1982) was an English actress and dancer and the daughter of Winston Churchill.


title: Sarah Churchill (actress)

text: Sarah Churchill was born in London, the second daughter of Winston Churchill, later Prime Minister from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955, and Clementine Churchill, later Baroness Spencer-Churchill; she was the third of the couple's five children and was named after Sir Winston's ancestor, Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough. She was educated at Notting Hill High School as a day girl and later at North Foreland Lodge as a boarder.


title: Sarah Churchill (actress)

text: It has been both stated and confirmed by multiple sources, including Sarah Churchill's sister, Lady Soames, that Winston and Clementine Churchill neither liked nor approved of Sarah's first two husbands. Towards the end of her marriage to Vic Oliver, she began an affair with the American ambassador to Britain, John Winant; it is believed the failure of the relationship contributed to the depression that led to Winant's suicide in 1947. Only Sarah's third marriage to Lord Audley (the love of her life, it was said) was greeted with warm approval by both parents.


title: Sarah Churchill (actress)

text: In numerous books about the Churchill family, it is said that Clementine (despite her disapproval) managed to be polite to both Vic Oliver and Anthony Beauchamp after Sarah had married them, but Winston Churchill remained rather cold and hostile toward both, considering them to be self-centred, superficial types who ultimately did not make his beloved Sarah either happy or fulfilled. Sarah's marriage to Beauchamp in America in 1949 came as a shock to her parents since they had neither been introduced to Beauchamp nor informed of the forthcoming marriage. Despite her stubborn rebellion against the expectations of both parents, Sarah reportedly felt guilty about this for the rest of her life, since she had craved her father's approval in most matters.


title: Sarah Churchill (actress)

text: In 1964 Sarah became romantically involved with African-American emigrated jazz singer and painter Lobo Nocho, and there were reports that the two might marry. Her father was also believed to have disapproved of this relationship.


title: Sarah Churchill (actress)

text: During the Second World War, Churchill joined the Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF). In her account of the work of photo reconnaissance "Evidence in Camera" Constance Babington Smith records that she was with them and worked closely on the interpretation of photographs for the 1942 invasion of North Africa, "Operation Torch". Known by the name Sarah Oliver, Babington Smith says she was "a quick and versatile interpreter." Aspects of Churchill's wartime service are also described in detail in "Women of Intelligence: Winning the Second World War with Air Photos."


title: Sarah Churchill (actress)

text: American author Christopher Ogden's biography of Pamela Harriman and other sources indicate that during the war she had an affair with (married) US Ambassador John Gilbert Winant, and that it ended badly. Winant committed suicide in 1947.


title: Sarah Churchill (actress)

text: Catherine Grace Katz's book, "The daughters of Yalta: The Churchills, Roosevelts, and Harrimans: A Story of Family, Love, and War" describes Sarah, Kathleen Harriman and Anna Roosevelt Halsted, playing a key role in the Yalta conference, as they managed their temperamental fathers.


title: Sarah Churchill (actress)

text: Churchill is best known for her role in the film "Royal Wedding" (1951) as Anne Ashmond, romantic interest of Fred Astaire as Tom Bowen. In the same year, she had her own television show. She also appeared in "He Found a Star" (1941), "Spring Meeting" (1941), "All Over the Town" (1949), "Fabian of the Yard" (1954) and "Serious Charge" (1959).


title: Sarah Churchill (actress)

text: On 17 November 1950, Churchill starred in "Witness for the Prosecution", an episode of the American TV program "Danger". She appeared on both the Jack Benny radio and television programmes. On television, she appeared on the episode "How Jack Met Rochester".


title: Sarah Churchill (actress)

text: In 1960, she appeared as Lisa Grayson in the play "The Night Life of a Virile Potato" by Gloria Russell at the Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith, London.


title: Sarah Churchill (actress)

text: In 1961, she appeared as Rosalind in Shakespeare's "As You Like It" at the Pembroke-in-the-round Theatre in West Croydon. Her parents were noted as paying a surprise visit to watch her performance, which was almost entirely attended by Croydon schoolchildren. Her father, who sat in the front row of an in-the-round performance and so was highly visible throughout, fell asleep.


title: Sarah Churchill (actress)

text: During the course of her life she created several lithographic prints. In the 1950s Churchill produced several prints featuring Malibu, California. Later in the 1970s, Churchill commercially published a collaborative series of portraits of her father, Sir Winston Churchill through Curtis Hooper, entitled "A Visual Philosophy of Sir Winston Churchill". The series was carefully constructed by Churchill to represent her father's great drive. In the series, (28 in total) most of the works were based on famous photographs chosen by Churchill, while one was based on Churchill's drawing of her father. Each work was given an embossed quotation by Sir Winston Churchill and was signed by both Sarah Churchill and artist Curtis Hooper in pencil and pressed with the artists seal. Artist proofs were made available for each work, with a run of no more than 150 artist proofs, per work, also signed by both Sarah Churchill and artist Curtis Hooper in pencil, below the portrait. All artist proofs bore the artist's embossed seal.


title: Sarah Churchill (actress)

text: Churchill appeared in a London revival of Shaw's "Pygmalion" in the 1950s, but drinking had become a problem. She was arrested for making a scene in the street on a number of occasions and even spent a short spell on remand in Holloway Prison. She wrote frankly about this in her 1981 autobiography "Keep on Dancing".


title: Sarah Churchill (actress)

text: Sarah Churchill died on 24 September 1982 at the age of 67. She is buried with her parents and three of her siblings (Marigold had previously been buried in Kensal Green Cemetery in London) at St Martin's Church, Bladon, near Woodstock, Oxfordshire.


title: Losing My Religion

text: "Losing My Religion" is a song by American alternative rock band R.E.M., released as the first single from the group's seventh album, "Out of Time" (1991). Built on a mandolin riff, the song was an unlikely hit for the group, garnering extensive airplay on radio as well as on MTV and VH1 due to its critically acclaimed music video. The single became R.E.M.'s highest-charting hit in the United States, reaching No. 4 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and expanding the group's popularity beyond its original fanbase. At the 1992 Grammy Awards, "Losing My Religion" won two awards: Best Short Form Music Video and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal.


title: Losing My Religion

text: R.E.M. guitarist Peter Buck wrote the main riff and chorus to the song on a mandolin while watching television one day. Buck had just bought the instrument and was attempting to learn how to play it, recording the music as he practiced. Buck said that "when I listened back to it the next day, there was a bunch of stuff that was really just me learning how to play mandolin, and then there's what became 'Losing My Religion', and then a whole bunch more of me learning to play the mandolin."


title: Losing My Religion

text: Recording of the song started in September 1990 at Bearsville Studio A in Woodstock, New York. The song was arranged in the studio with mandolin, electric bass, and drums. Bassist Mike Mills came up with a bassline inspired by the work of Fleetwood Mac bassist John McVie; by his own admission he could not come up with one for the song that was not derivative. Buck said the arrangement of the song "had a hollow feel to it. There's absolutely no midrange on it, just low end and high end, because Mike usually stayed pretty low on the bass." The band decided to have touring guitarist Peter Holsapple play acoustic guitar on the recording. Buck reflected, "It was really cool: Peter and I would be in our little booth, sweating away, and Bill and Mike would be out there in the other room going at it. It just had a really magical feel." Singer Michael Stipe's vocals were recorded in a single take. Orchestral strings, arranged by Mark Bingham, were added to the song by members of the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra at Soundscape Studios in Atlanta, Georgia, in October 1990.


title: Losing My Religion

text: "Losing My Religion" is based on Peter Buck's mandolin-playing. Buck said, "The verses are the kinds of things R.E.M. uses a lot, going from one minor to another, kind [of] like those 'Driver 8' chords. You can't really say anything bad about E minor, A minor, D, and G – I mean, they're just good chords." Buck noted that "Losing My Religion" was "probably the most typical R.E.M.-sounding song on the record. We are trying to get away from those kind of songs, but like I said before, those are some good chords." Orchestral strings play through parts of the song. The song is in natural minor.


title: Losing My Religion

text: Stipe has repeatedly stated that the song's lyrics are not about religion. The phrase "losing my religion" is an expression from the southern region of the United States that means "losing one's temper or civility" or "feeling frustrated and desperate." Stipe told "The New York Times" the song was about romantic expression. He told "Q" that "Losing My Religion" is about "someone who pines for someone else. It's unrequited love, what have you." Stipe compared the song's theme to "Every Breath You Take" (1983) by The Police, saying, "It's just a classic obsession pop song. I've always felt the best kinds of songs are the ones where anybody can listen to it, put themselves in it and say, 'Yeah, that's me.'"


title: Losing My Religion

text: In a 2020 interview for "Song Exploder", a Netflix series, Bill Berry was reminded that handclaps were introduced later in the song. He was first played a stripped-down version of the song, featuring just his drum line and the handclaps. He was surprised to hear them and asked, "I wonder if they're in the mix. Is that the demo?" He was then played the final version of the song. "They "are" there!" he said, upon hearing it. "Wow. That's wild. I'm just flummoxed right now. It's thirty years ago; I'm sorry I didn't remember that."


title: Losing My Religion

text: "Losing My Religion" was released on February 19, 1991, in the United States as the lead single from R.E.M.'s forthcoming album "Out of Time". The band's record label, Warner Bros., was wary about the group's choice of the song as the album's first single. Steven Baker, who was vice president of product management at Warner Bros. at the time, said there were "long, drawn-out discussions" about releasing such an "unconventional track" as the single until the label agreed. While R.E.M. declined to tour to promote "Out of Time", the band visited radio stations, gave numerous press interviews, and made appearances on MTV to promote the record. Meanwhile, Warner Bros. worked to establish the single at campus, modern rock, and album-oriented rock radio stations before promoting it to American Top 40 stations, where it became a success. "The record crosses the boundaries of being just an alternative record", one Top 40 radio station program director said; he admitted that "Losing My Religion" was "a hard record to program; you can't play L.L. Cool J behind it. But it's a real pop record—you can dance to it."


title: Losing My Religion

text: "Losing My Religion" became R.E.M.'s biggest hit in the U.S., peaking at No. 4 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. The single stayed on the chart for 21 weeks. It topped both the "Billboard" Album Rock Tracks and Modern Rock Tracks charts, for three and eight weeks respectively, also personal bests for the band on both charts. It charted at number 19 on the UK Singles Chart, and peaked at No. 16 and No. 11 in Canada and Australia, respectively. Mills said years later, "Without 'Losing My Religion', "Out of Time" would have sold two or three million [copies], instead of the ten [million copies] or so it did. But the phenomenon that is a worldwide hit is an odd thing to behold. Basically that record was a hit in almost every civilised country in the world." The success of "Losing My Religion" and "Out of Time" broadened R.E.M.'s audience beyond its original college radio fanbase. When asked at the time if he was worried that the song's success might alienate older fans, Buck told "Rolling Stone", "The people that changed their minds because of 'Losing My Religion' can just kiss my ass."


title: Losing My Religion

text: A reviewer from "Music & Media" wrote, "Hearing such a beautiful song with a striking mandolin arrangement, provides an ample religious substitute."


title: Losing My Religion

text: The single placed second in the "Village Voice" Pazz & Jop annual critics' poll, behind Nirvana's "Smells Like Teen Spirit". R.E.M. was nominated for seven awards at the 1992 Grammy Awards. "Losing My Religion" alone earned several nominations, including Record of the Year and Song of the Year. The song won two awards, for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals and Best Short Form Music Video. In 2004, "Rolling Stone" listed the song at No. 169 on its list of the "500 Greatest Songs of All Time". In 2007, the song was listed as No. 9 on VH1's 100 Greatest Songs of the 90s. In 2009, "Blender" ranked it at No. 79 on its list of "The 500 Greatest Songs Since You Were Born". The song is also included on The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's list of 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll.


title: Losing My Religion

text: The accompanying music video for "Losing My Religion" was directed by Tarsem Singh. As opposed to previous R.E.M. videos, Michael Stipe agreed to lip sync the lyrics. The video originated as a combination of ideas envisioned by Stipe and Singh. Stipe wanted the promo to be a straightforward performance video, akin to Sinéad O'Connor's "Nothing Compares 2 U". Singh wanted to create a video in the style of a certain type of Indian filmmaking, where everything would be "melodramatic and very dreamlike", according to Stipe. Singh has said the video is modeled after the Gabriel Garcia Marquez short story "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" in which an angel crashes into a town and the villagers have varied reactions to him.


title: Losing My Religion

text: The video begins with a brief sequence inside a dark room where water drips from an open window. Recreating a scene from the Andrei Tarkovsky film "The Sacrifice", Buck, Berry, and Mills run across the room while Stipe remains seated as a pitcher of milk drops from the windowsill and shatters; the song then begins. Director Singh also drew inspiration from the Italian painter Caravaggio and the video is laden with religious imagery such as Saint Sebastian, the Biblical episode of the Incredulity of Thomas and Hindu deities, portrayed in a series of tableaux. Actor Wade Dominguez (1966-1998), who played Emilio in "Dangerous Minds" (1995), appears in the music video.


title: Losing My Religion

text: The music video was nominated in nine categories at the 1991 MTV Video Music Awards. The video won six awards, including Video of the Year, Best Group Video, Breakthrough Video, Best Art Direction, Best Direction, and Best Editing. "Losing My Religion" also ranked second in the music video category of the 1991 Pazz & Jop poll.


title: Losing My Religion

text: The music video hit one billion views on YouTube in September 2022, becoming the band's first video to do so.


title: Losing My Religion

text: On November 10, 1991, R.E.M. performed "Losing My Religion" with members of the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra to celebrate the tenth anniversary of MTV. It was recorded at the Morgan Cultural Centre in Madison, Georgia, about twenty miles south of Athens.


title: Losing My Religion

text: Finn Hudson (Cory Monteith) covered the song in the 2010 "Glee" episode "Grilled Cheesus". The song reached number 60 in the US on the "Billboard" Hot 100 and number 47 on the Canadian Hot 100.


title: Garbiñe Muguruza

text: Garbiñe Muguruza Blanco (; born 8 October 1993) is a Spanish-Venezuelan professional tennis player. She has a career-high singles ranking of world No. 1 by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA), and a career-high doubles ranking of world No. 10. She has won ten singles titles, including two majors at the 2016 French Open and the 2017 Wimbledon Championships, and the 2021 WTA Finals.


title: Garbiñe Muguruza

text: With powerful groundstrokes and an aggressive style of play, Muguruza came to prominence by reaching the fourth round at the 2014 Australian Open and beating a former world No. 1, Caroline Wozniacki, en route. She defeated then-world No. 1 Serena Williams in the second round of that year's French Open en route to the quarterfinals.


title: Garbiñe Muguruza

text: In 2015, Muguruza reached her first major final at the Wimbledon Championships, where she lost to Serena Williams. She then won her maiden Premier-level crown by winning the 2015 China Open, and qualified for her first WTA Finals in singles, losing to Agnieszka Radwańska in the semifinals.


title: Garbiñe Muguruza

text: Muguruza has also been successful in doubles, winning five titles, finishing runner-up at the 2015 WTA Finals and reaching the 2014 French Open semifinals, all partnering Carla Suárez Navarro.


title: Garbiñe Muguruza

text: Garbiñe Muguruza was born in Caracas, Venezuela, on 8 October 1993 to her Venezuelan mother, Scarlet Blanco, and her Basque father José Antonio Muguruza, who hails from Azkoitia in Gipuzkoa, Basque Country. She has two elder brothers named Asier and Igor, and has dual Spanish-Venezuelan citizenship. Muguruza began playing tennis at the age of three. After moving to Spain with her family when she was six years old, Muguruza began training at the Bruguera Tennis Academy near Barcelona.


title: Garbiñe Muguruza

text: After turning professional on 2 March 2012, Muguruza was given a wildcard for her first WTA Tour main-draw appearance at the Miami Open. There, she upset former world No. 2, Vera Zvonareva, and former world No. 10, Flavia Pennetta, before falling in the round of 16 to the eventual champion, Agnieszka Radwańska, in straight sets.


title: Garbiñe Muguruza

text: At the US Open, she qualified into the main draw of a Grand Slam tournament for the first time after a number of players withdrew; she lost in three sets to tenth seed Sara Errani in the first round.


title: Garbiñe Muguruza

text: At the Australian Open, Muguruza made it into the main draw after several players withdrew that did not pass into the qualifying match, she lost to Serena Williams in straight sets in the second round.


title: Garbiñe Muguruza

text: At Indian Wells, she qualified for the main draw and then made her way to the last 16, where she fell to eventual semifinalist Angelique Kerber. She was then awarded a main-draw wildcard into the Miami Open once more where she matched last year's result, recording wins over Kateřina Siniaková, 23rd seed Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova and ninth seed Caroline Wozniacki en route to the round of 16 where she lost to fifth seed Li Na.


title: Garbiñe Muguruza

text: After Wimbledon, Muguruza underwent a right ankle surgery and missed the rest of the season. She continued to train by hitting groundstrokes sitting down. She ended that year as the world No. 63 in singles and No. 153 in doubles.


title: Garbiñe Muguruza

text: Muguruza began the 2014 season with a quarterfinal appearance at the Auckland Open, where she lost to former world No. 1 and eventual runner-up, Venus Williams. The following week, Muguruza qualified and eventually won her first WTA singles title at the Hobart International by defeating Klára Zakopalová in the final in straight sets.


title: Garbiñe Muguruza

text: At the Australian Open, Muguruza recovered from a set down to defeat tenth seed Caroline Wozniacki in three sets to reach the fourth round for the first time where she lost in straight sets to the fifth seed, Agnieszka Radwańska. She and Arantxa Parra Santonja also reached the second round of the doubles event; they lost in straight sets to the eighth seeds, Raquel Kops-Jones and Abigail Spears.


title: Garbiñe Muguruza

text: After a three-set defeat to Kimiko Date-Krumm in the first round of the Thailand Open, Muguruza reached her second singles final of the year at the Brasil Tennis Cup, where she lost in three sets to Klára Zakopalová despite having led by a set and 5–2. Muguruza then lost in the second round at Indian Wells and Miami, after receiving opening-round byes, but did reach the quarterfinals of the latter event in doubles where she and her partner, Carla Suárez Navarro lost in three sets to the 8th seeds, Raquel Kops-Jones and Abigail Spears.


title: Garbiñe Muguruza

text: Muguruza recovered from her first-round defeat at the Monterrey Open by reaching the semifinals of the Marrakech Grand Prix where she lost to the eventual champion, María Teresa Torró Flor in straight sets. However, she and Romina Oprandi managed to win the doubles event by defeating Katarzyna Piter and Maryna Zanevska in the final in three sets. At the Madrid Open, Muguruza lost in the second round to former US Open champion, Samantha Stosur but reached the final of the doubles event with Carla Suárez Navarro where they lost in straight sets to the second seeded Italians, Sara Errani and Roberta Vinci.


title: Garbiñe Muguruza

text: After a second-round defeat to former French Open champion Francesca Schiavone at the Italian Open, Muguruza advanced to her first major quarterfinal at the French Open, having handed the world No. 1 and defending champion, Serena Williams, her worst defeat in a major tournament, losing only four games in the second round, before losing to the eventual champion, Maria Sharapova, in three sets. Muguruza also reached the semifinals of the doubles event with Suárez Navarro, where the pair lost in three sets to the top seeds and eventual champions, Peng Shuai and Hsieh Su-wei. As a result of her strong performances at the event, Muguruza achieved career-high singles and doubles rankings of world No. 27 and No. 36 respectively.


title: Garbiñe Muguruza

text: Muguruza began her grass-court season at the Rosmalen Championships where she reached the quarterfinals before losing to American qualifier CoCo Vandeweghe in straight sets, after leading 5–2 in the opening set. At the Wimbledon Championships, Muguruza was seeded 27th but was upset by Vandeweghe in the first round, in three sets. Seeded 16th in the doubles event with Suárez Navarro, Muguruza and her partner defeated Ajla Tomljanović and Christina McHale, and Monica Niculescu and Klára Koukalová to reach the third round where they lost in straight sets to Andrea Petkovic and Magdaléna Rybáriková.