title: Roh Moo-hyun

text: In an address to the nation on 25 April 2006 regarding disputes over the Liancourt Rocks, Roh reaffirmed that he didn't seek another apology from Japan, but demanded that Japan take action in compliance with its past apologies. The then-Prime Minister of Japan Junichiro Koizumi characterized the speech as intended for domestic audiences.


title: Roh Moo-hyun

text: After leaving office, Roh retired to Bongha Maeul, a small village in his hometown. This marked a break with previous custom, where former presidents retired to heavily guarded houses in Seoul. Bongha – a village of 121 people – became a major tourist attraction due to Roh's presence.


title: Roh Moo-hyun

text: On 4 December 2008, Roh Moo-hyun's elder brother, Roh Gun-Pyeong, was indicted on charges of illegally taking 3 million won($3000) from former Daewoo Engineering & Construction and imprisoned.


title: Roh Moo-hyun

text: In early 2009, allegations of corruption had begun to surface regarding the former President's family and aides, eventually leading to the indictment of Roh's elder brother Roh Gun-Pyeong on suspicion of influence peddling. The investigation soon expanded to encompass Roh Moo-Hyun's aides, as well as other members of his family. As the investigation closed in on Roh's former secretary, Chung Sang-Moon, Roh announced on his website that "The accusation should be directed at our household, not Chung. Our household made the request, received money and used it." At the same time, Roh claimed that he himself had not known of the money transfer before his retirement. By May 2009, prosecutors had summoned Roh's wife, son, and eventually the former president himself on suspicion of receiving 1 million dollars in bribes from Park Yeon-Cha, a businessman close to the ex-President. Roh was subject to initial written questioning by prosecutors, before direct questioning, prior to which he apologized again to the public and stated that "he was overwhelmed by shame."


title: Roh Moo-hyun

text: Kang Kum-won was another Roh's long time supporter whose business was under thorough investigation by The Supreme Prosecutors' Office (SPO). Even if Kang was Roh's closest long time supporter, he did not expand his business during Roh's presidency to avoid unnecessary suspicion of special benefits. However, his parole was denied during the investigation despite his terminal illness of brain cancer until Roh's death.


title: Roh Moo-hyun

text: Roh's investigation for corruption came after he had campaigned on pledges to "clean up the presidency," and root out corruption, while condemning his opponents as hopelessly corrupt.


title: Roh Moo-hyun

text: In one speech to commemorate the 20th anniversary of Korea's "June Struggle" for democracy, Roh vehemently attacked critics who described him as incompetent, stating, "They even deal out the absurd rhetoric that they would rather have a corrupt administration than an inept one while openly revealing their true colors as forces of corruption and the security-driven dictatorships of the past. What's more, they label the democratic forces as being inept, plotting to rise to power on the back of the nostalgia for the development-oriented dictatorships of the past."


title: Roh Moo-hyun

text: Roh's characteristically self-righteous stance resulted in harsh condemnation of the ex-President for hypocrisy. In response to the pervasive criticism upon Roh's bribery charges, he stated on his website, "I have lost my moral cause just with the facts I have so far admitted. The only thing left is the legal procedure". Roh further added, "What I have to do now is bow to the nation and apologize. From now on, the name Roh cannot be a symbol of the values you pursue. I'm no longer qualified to speak about democracy and justice... You should abandon me." Despite these appeals, Roh continued to deny all knowledge of the receipt of money by his family from Park Yeon-Cha, in contradiction to Park's testimony. Roh refused cross-examination with Park.


title: Roh Moo-hyun

text: In contrast to scandals involving previous presidents, who reportedly used illicit funds close to $500 million to finance political campaigns and their family activities, Roh's family had to use borrowed funds close to $1.5 million from a friend for personal use, such as the payment of living expenses for study in the United States.


title: Roh Moo-hyun

text: Roh Moo-Hyun was found seriously injured on the morning of 23 May 2009 after apparently jumping from a cliff known as Bueong'i Bawi (lit. Owl's Rock) behind his rural home in his home village of Bongha. He sustained serious head injuries and was sent by car to Seyoung hospital nearby at 7:20 am and moved to Busan University Hospital at around 8:15 am (and pronounced dead at around 9:30 am (00:30 GMT). Police investigators ruled out conspiracy theories surrounding the death of Roh. According to police, Roh switched on his computer and typed a hastily worded suicide note.


title: Roh Moo-hyun

text: The police report stated that the suicide note apologized for making "too many people suffer" and requested that his body be cremated.


title: Roh Moo-hyun

text: The 8th president, Kim Dae-jung, stated that "President Roh Moo-hyun loved Koreans more than any other presidents [...] During the unfair investigation, he suffered from all sorts of humiliation, chagrin, deception, and defamation, which left him no option but to commit suicide before his countryman to show his innocence." The 10th president, Lee Myung-bak, stated that "the news was truly unbelievable and deeply saddening." Justice Minister Kim Kyung-han said the corruption case against him would be formally closed. However, he did not say whether the former president's family would continue to be investigated.


title: Roh Moo-hyun

text: A State Funeral was held from May 23, 2009, to May 29, 2009. The funeral started from his hometown, Bong-Ha village, with his body transported to Seoul via a hearse, with a convoy with his family moving together. Then, he was cremated in Suwon, Gyeonggi-do and his ashes was buried in his hometown in accordance with his will, which was recorded on the suicide note.


title: Roh Moo-hyun

text: Roh's suicide followed the suicides of a number of high-profile figures under corruption investigations in Korea in recent years, including the former secretary of Prime Minister Kim Young-chul, former Busan mayor Ahn Sang-Young (who committed suicide while in prison), Park Tae-young, former governor of Jeolla province, and Chung Mong-hun, a former Hyundai executive. Roh himself had been sued by the widow of former Daewoo E&C head Nam Sang-Guk for allegedly making defamatory comments that drove her husband to throw himself off of a bridge. Roh's suicide was followed later in the year by the suicide of another politician, the Mayor of Yangsan, who was being subject to a corruption investigation.


title: Roh Moo-hyun

text: Roh's public funeral involved Buddhist and Catholic rites. Hundreds of thousands of supporters turned out to pay their respects in memorial shrines erected around the country, as did President Lee Myung-bak and numerous other prominent politicians. Sporadic violent demonstrations in Seoul immediately after the funeral resulted in the detention of 72 people.


title: Roh Moo-hyun

text: Roh's suicide resulted in a sudden positive shift in domestic perception towards the late President, leading Kim Dong-gil, one of the conservative figures to comment, "How could he become an instant saint upon his suicide?" Perceptions of an excessive investigation on Roh's alleged improprieties boosted support for the opposition Party (itself formed when Roh's then unpopularity made it a liability to be associated with him), giving them enough leverage to demand that President Lee Myung-bak apologize for the "politically motivated" investigation they claimed caused Roh's death, and discipline those responsible. Support for the opposition party increased to 28.3%, outpolling the ruling GNP at 23.5%. The Democratic Party also decided to block the scheduled opening of the National Assembly until the Lee Myung-bak government accepted responsibility for Roh's suicide. The chief prosecutor in Roh's bribery case also resigned. A year after Roh died, his autobiography was published by his personal and political fellows. Based on Roh's previous books, unpublished draft, notes, letters and interviews, it follows Roh's life from birth to death.


title: Roh Moo-hyun

text: He died about 3 months before former President Kim Dae-jung died on 18 August 2009 of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Former Prime Minister Han Myung-suk and others claimed that the investigation of Roh's corruption case leading to his death was President Lee's political revenge and murder.


title: Roh Moo-hyun

text: In January 2010, dissatisfaction with the poor electoral showing of the minority Democratic Party, and a posthumous reappraisal of Roh Moo-hyun's presidency spurred the creation of a new party, the "Participation Party." This party was created to "revive the spirit of former President Roh Moo-hyun."


title: Roh Moo-hyun

text: One of Roh's biggest accomplishments was revising regulations for political fundraising, which even one of his harshest critics praises. Before the revision, previous presidential candidates received more than $300 million hush money from leaving president to run the presidential campaign. During Roh's initial campaign for the presidency, civilians donated their piggy banks raising close to $1.2 million, but not enough to match about $12 million his opponent raised.


title: Roh Moo-hyun

text: The Institute for Future Korea () is established for researching and promoting Roh Moo-hyun's social ideas.


title: Roh Moo-hyun

text: A WikiLeaks American diplomatic cable to South Korea revealed that Roh Moo-hyun expressed concerns how the US government mistreated North Korea.


title: Roh Moo-hyun

text: Lee In-gyu (), the former head of the SPO released his book on the involvements of the political corruptions surrounding the investigation against Roh that led to his suicide. In his book, Lee acknowledged that the South Korean National Intelligence Service had intentionally released overly sensational stories about President Roh's bribery charges.


title: Roh Moo-hyun

text: In 2010, a year after his death, the politicians who were Roh's aides won the local elections and became the provincial government heads. In January 2012, Han Myung-Sook who had been one of the prime ministers in Roh's tenure was elected party leader of the biggest opposition party, Democratic United Party. She officially made clear "succession of Roh's policy". Although his policy was regarded as failure when he was in the position, it has been reevaluated as liberal and nationalistic, compared to Lee Myung-Bak's authoritarian and pro-US policy. Even a conservative professor, Lee Sang-don, who had severely criticized Roh's policy, said that "Roh became a myth (of our age)."


title: Roh Moo-hyun

text: On the 10th anniversary of his passing, former US President George W. Bush paid respects at the annual memorial ceremony for Roh Moo-hyun.


title: Roh Moo-hyun

text: The 2013 film "The Attorney" starring Song Kang-ho is a dramatic adaptation of Roh's early human rights law career. It became the eighth highest-grossing film in South Korean history at the time of its release, and was the second-highest grossing South Korean film of 2013 behind "Miracle in Cell No. 7".


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The Fiat 500 is an A-segment city car manufactured and marketed by the Fiat subdivision of Stellantis since 2007. It is available in hatchback coupé and fixed-profile convertible body styles, over a single generation — with an intermediate facelift in Europe with model year 2016. The 500 is internally designated as the "Type 312" by FCA.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: Derived from the 2004 Fiat Trepiùno 3+1 concept (designed by Roberto Giolito), the 500's styling recalls Fiat's 1957 Fiat 500, nicknamed the "Bambino" — a model that was designed and engineered by Dante Giacosa with more than 4 million sold over its 18-year (1957–1975) production span. In 2011, Roberto Giolito of Centro Stile Fiat received Compasso d'Oro industrial design award for Fiat 500.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: Manufactured in Tychy, Poland, and Toluca, Mexico, the 500 is marketed in more than 100 countries worldwide, including North America, where the 500 marked Fiat's market return after 27 years. With the millionth Fiat 500 produced in 2012; and production reaching 2 million in 2017, after 10 years. The 2,5 millionth Fiat 500 was produced in the plant of Tychy, Poland, in March 2021.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The 500 has won more than 40 major awards, including the CAR Magazine "Car of the Year" (2007) and the "World's Most Beautiful Automobile".


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: Since 1998, Fiat's entry-level model in Europe had been the Polish-built Seicento, itself an updated version of the 1991 Cinquecento. These models had only ever been sold with three doors, although Fiat had responded to the growing demand for five-door city cars in 2003 by launching the Panda, which replaced a three-door model of the same name which had slotted into Fiat's European range between the Cinquecento/Seicento and the larger Punto. Around the time of the Panda's launch, Fiat set about developing a three-door city car to replace the Cinquecento.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: Driven by the tremendous success of the Smart Fortwo, especially in Italy, Fiat began examining a variety of small car concepts "to regain its small-car crown," — developing an "intense interest at producing a Smart (Fortwo) competitor" — and concluding that "most customers want more than just the Smart's two seats."


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The 2004 Fiat Trepiùno concept, from which the 500 derives, was introduced at the 74th Geneva Motorshow — designed at Centro Stile Fiat by Roberto Giolito in a style strongly reminiscent of the original Fiat 500.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The name "Trepiùno" is a contraction of the Italian words ""tre più uno"", or "three plus one" in English; as the design accommodates three adults and one child — by reducing requirements ahead of the front passenger (with high-tech, space-saving, thin materials), sliding the front passenger forward, and positioning the third adult directly behind the passenger, allowing a fourth, smaller, occasional passenger to sit behind the driver.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The concept design was translated into the 2007 production model under the direction of Frank Stephenson. According to Stephenson, aerodynamic concerns were paramount with the new 500, saying his team preferred the look without the spoiler as on the original Nuova 500. Nonetheless, the small rear spoiler at the top of the rear hatch provides a CD of 0.32 — where without the spoiler the drag coefficient would have been 0.40.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The 500 uses a widened variant of the Fiat Mini platform. The 500 features Dante Giacosa's 1964 breakthrough front-wheel drive layout — which ultimately became an industry standard, the layout "adopted by virtually every other manufacturer in the world" for front-wheel drive automobiles. Announced on May 5, 2006, photographs of the 500 were presented on March 20, 2007, officially debuting on July 4, 2007, with 250,000 people in attendance and with new models prominently displayed in 30 Italian cities.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The 500 uses Fiat's Multiair hydraulically actuated variable valve timing (VVT) engine technology, winner of the 2010 "International Engine of the Year" as well as Popular Science's "Best of What's New."


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: In addition to the distinct 500C (Cabrio), Abarth (full sport), and 500e (all-electric) models, the 500 is marketed variously around the globe with other trim levels — for example, the Sport and Turbo trim levels in the United States, and the Pop Star trim levels in Europe.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The fixed-profile convertible variant of the 500 debuted at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2009 designated the 500C ("C" for "Cabrio"), historically recalling the fixed-profile convertible of the original 1957 Fiat 500, as well as similar fixed-profile convertibles such as the Vespa 400 (1957), Citroën DS 3 (2013), Nissan Figaro (1991), Citroën 2CV (1948–1990) and the Nash Rambler Convertible "Landau" Coupe (1950).


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The 500C features fully stamped body-side panels retaining the hatchback 500's profile (door frames, roof pillars and side windows) to increase structural rigidity, reduce scuttle shake, and retain side and curtain airbags, in exchange for a less open experience than a fully pillarless convertible. Weighing more than its hatchback counterpart, the 500C features a slightly longer windshield than the hatchback, with a concealed and reinforced upper structural cross-member, a stronger front cross-member behind the instrument panel, a rear strut on which the retracted roof folds, reinforced B-pillars, and the rear anti-roll bar setup from the Abarth, high-performance model.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The top itself is a dual-layer, three-position power-retractable cloth top with a glass rear window, electric defroster and an integrated color-matched spoiler with a center high-mounted stop lamp that remains visible with the top in any position. The top retracts in three stages: over the two front passengers, overall four passengers (to the rear spoiler), and fully retracted with its stack folded behind the rear head restraints just above the rear cargo opening. The top is controlled either via the key remote or by open/close buttons at the windshield header adjacent to the interior ceiling light and retracts to the first two stages at speeds up to , to its third stage at up to — and is available in black, tan, or red.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: With its 50/50 split-fold rear seats in their upright position, the 500C rear cargo capacity is reduced from to compared to the hatchback, which offers of cargo volume with the 50/50 split-fold rear seats folded. At its rear trunk lid, the 500C features "parallelogram" liftgate hinges. When the rear cargo lid is opened while the top is fully lowered, the top automatically closes partially for greater cargo access. Because of limited rear visibility, 500C models are equipped with an ultrasonic rear park assist system to audibly indicate obstacles when backing.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The Abarth 500 is a performance model of the Fiat 500 tuned in-house by FCA's Abarth subsidiary. It was unveiled at the 78th Geneva Motor Show, a year after the rebirth of Abarth brand and company. All models use a turbocharged and intercooled version of the 1.4 L "Fire" I4 petrol engine.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The Abarth 500's 1.4 L engine is equipped with an IHI RHF3-P turbocharger, and is rated at at 5,500 rpm and ( in sport mode) torque at 3,000 rpm. It includes a five-speed C510 transmission, low ride suspension, electric power steering with sport setting, 6.5 x 16" aluminium alloy rim with 195/45 R16 tyres and four-wheel disc brakes (front ventilated). Interior includes turbo pressure gauge, gear shift indicator, aluminum foot pedals, Blue&Me entertainment system with telemetry and GPS. The car costs £13,600 in the UK. A 5-speed automated manual transmission (called MTA) is available as an alternative to the manual transmission.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: Later, in 2016, the facelift version was released, introducing several different variants of the 595, ranging from 140 hp to 180 hp. The lineup was composed by (in order of power):


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: Later, in 2020 new very limited edition versions were released. These being the "Scorpioneoro" edition and the "Yamaha Monster Edition". The scorpioneoro is easily distinguishable thanks to its gold details found on the paintwork as well as wheels. The interior of the scorpioneoro also has unique features such as a scorpion specific pattern on the seats as well as gold stitching. The scoprioneoro has 165 hp, just like the Turismo variant. The Yamaha Monster Edition has been made to show the collaboration and shared passion between the Moto GP team and Abarth. The Yamaha Monster Edition is distinguishable thanks to its black and blue paint-job together with its Monster energy drink logos.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The Abarth version of the 500C (cabriolet) was unveiled at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show.<ref name="www.italiaspeed.com/06.03.2010"></ref> Abarth 500C has top speed of and it can accelerate from in 8.1 seconds.<ref name="www.fiatautopress.com/download/2010/ABARTH/"></ref>


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: A production battery electric Fiat 500e was unveiled in November 2012 at the Los Angeles Auto Show, and sales began in the US state of California in July 2013, expanding to Oregon in the summer of 2014; these sales focused on states that had political mandates for sales of zero emission vehicles. Fiat-Chrysler stated from the beginning that there were no plans to make the 500e officially available in Europe. The 500e was produced from 2013 until 2019; a second-generation electric 500 was announced in early 2020 and launched in Europe as Fiat New 500; the New 500 is not currently offered for sale in North America.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: An electric conversion of the Fiat 500 was first shown at the London Motor Show in July 2008. The non-OEM conversion, carried out by Micro-Vett, entailed fitting a 22 kWh lithium-ion battery pack and an electric motor but retained the 5-speed transmission; it was marketed by the NICE (No Internal Combustion Engine) Car Company and was on sale for . The NICE/Micro-Vett 500 claimed a range of and a top speed of .


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: A concept electric 500 by Fiat/Chrysler was shown as the 500 Elettra or 500 BEV Concept at the 2010 Detroit Auto Show in January, positioned as a competitor to the Mini E, but details of the electric vehicle were not initially available. The electrified 500 appeared to be a working prototype, as it contained a traction battery and motor with a pushbutton transmission. Shortly after the 2010 show, Fiat/Chrysler announced an all-electric 500, based on the 500 Elettra Concept, would go into production starting in 2012. It had a target range of and an estimated retail price of $32,000, half of which was attributed to the cost of the battery.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The production 500e was unveiled in November 2012, at the Los Angeles Auto Show, followed by a second appearance at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: Deliveries began in California by July 2013, and around 2,310 units were sold in the U.S. in 2013. The Fiat 500e went on sale in Oregon in the summer of 2014, and US sales are limited to just these two states.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The American rollout was scheduled to continue to other states with mandates of sales of zero emission vehicles; for Europe, Fiat-Chrysler said in 2012 there were no plans to make the 500e officially available. However, Scuderia-E has imported and sold used 500e vehicles which were originally on sale in the United States for the European market, refitted with higher-capacity batteries and a CCS combination socket for fast charging.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: In September 2019, Fiat announced it was discontinuing the entire subcompact hatchback 500 line in the United States, including the 500e; existing dealer stock was expected to sustain sales into 2020.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The 500e is powered by a and permanent-magnet, three-phase synchronous-drive electric motor, and its 24kWh liquid-cooled/heated li-ion battery delivers a range of , and up to in city driving according to Chrysler. The combination of alternating current motor, battery, and inverter has a claimed efficiency of 92%. Charging time is less than four hours when connected to a 240V AC source using the on-board 6.6kW charging module. Although the 500e does not come equipped with or offers as an option a DC fast charging connector, the development engineers state the car is equipped to handle charging at up to 480V and 70A if the appropriate connector is retrofitted to the car.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The official U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) range is . Under its five-cycle testing, the EPA rated the 500e combined fuel economy at overall, in city driving, and on the highway. Regenerative braking is employed to extend range; under normal braking (i.e., excluding panic and emergency stops), the brake pedal engages only regenerative braking down to speeds of , when the conventional mechanical brakes begin to engage.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: Robert Bosch GmbH supplies all the powertrain components for the 500e, including the electric motor, power electronics, and battery. The motor, which Bosch have designated the SMG ("sequential motor-generator") 180/120, is shared with other vehicles, including the smart fortwo electric and PSA GROUP's HYbrid4. The SMG 180/120 weighs just and spins at a speed up to 12,500rpm. The inverter, designated INVCON 2.3 by Bosch, converts direct current energy stored in the traction battery to alternating current for the SMG 180/120 and weighs less than in a package (L×W×H), including connectors. Chrysler developed and integrated the electric powertrain, and reportedly had been working on an electrified 500 even before the company was purchased by Fiat. "Ward's" named the 500e powertrain to its list of 10 Best Engines for 2014.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: Designers and engineers of the Fiat 500e worked to minimize drag while keeping the iconic styling of the conventional powered Fiat 500. For the 500e to achieve a 0.311 coefficient of drag (C), as compared to the 2013 Fiat 500 Lounge model's 0.359 C, eight exterior refinements were developed in the wind tunnel to enable the 48 count drag reduction. The result of hours of wind-tunnel testing allowed the 500e to achieve an additional five miles of range compared to its gasoline-powered sibling. Among these changes are front fascia sealing, aerodynamically optimized front fascia design, drag-reducing rear fascia design, liftgate-mounted aerodynamic spoiler, and under-vehicle belly pans. The battery adds for a total curb weight of approximately , but it is located low in the chassis behind the front seats, changing the front:rear weight balance from 64:36 (on the conventionally gas-powered 500) to 57:43 (for the 500e).


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: Development of the production 500e started with prototypes assembled by hand at Chrysler headquarters in Auburn Hills, Michigan; the prototypes used components from suppliers (later announced as Bosch) and were shipped to Sonoma County, California (as the initially planned market was California) for testing in the summer of 2012. The Chrysler engineering team was tasked with integrating the hardware components and tuning the finished car to behave as close to a conventionally gas-powered 500 as possible. Some of the aerodynamic refinements developed for the production 500e were intended to be back-fitted to the regular 500.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: Fiat describes the 500e's unique exterior design as retro-futuristic, and the vehicle had a smartphone app that notifies the owner of the vehicle's status. Behind the steering wheel the 500e had a new 7-inch thin-film transistor (TFT) display to provide increased functionality with more intuitively delivered information of the power gauge, driving range and state of charge. In addition, a new Electronic Vehicle Information Center (EVIC) provided full-color capabilities with the use of picture graphics to illustrate vehicle functions including a trip computer, tire-pressure monitoring, and vehicle status messaging system. The available TomTom navigation pairs with the Fiat 500e's standard BLUE&ME Handsfree Communication technology and features a 4.3-inch touchscreen display mounted on top of the instrument panel.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The Fiat 500e pricing started at including a destination charge and before any applicable government incentives. Leasing is available with a down payment of due at signing and per month lease for 36 months. The leasing pricing is the same as the current lease offer on a gasoline-powered Fiat 500 Pop. Sergio Marchionne reported that Fiat loses $14,000 on every 500e it sells, and only produces the cars because California rules require automobile manufacturers who sell a certain number of cars in the state to sell a percentage of that total as zero emissions vehicles.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: In April 2013, Fiat North America announced that to avoid range anxiety concerns and allow customers to cover longer travel distances, each 500e purchase will include the use of rental vehicles for up to 12 days a year for free through the first three years of ownership. The program, called ePass, entitles 500e owners to a business account with enough points to rent a gasoline-powered standard car with Enterprise Holdings, which owns Enterprise Rent-A-Car, National Car Rental and Alamo Rent a Car. Fiat will deposit additional points the following two years to extend the program. The gasoline-powered cars available for the ePass program are the Fiat 500, the upcoming Fiat 500L, the Dodge Dart or the Chrysler 200. Customers will also have the option to upgrade to a larger vehicle such as a minivan or a pickup truck subject to terms of the program.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: Some electric cars depreciate more rapidly than conventionally powered cars and trucks, according to NerdWallet if depreciation is calculated based on the pre-tax credit price. For all-electric cars depreciation varies between 60% and 75% in three years. In contrast, most conventionally powered vehicles in the same period depreciate between 45% and 50%. In 2016, it was reported that wholesale prices of used three-year old Fiat 500e were as low as , and were being sold at retail for .


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The entire production run of 2013 models was sold out by June 2013, before the first cars were delivered to new owners. About 16,549 units have been sold in the U.S. through May 2016. Because Fiat/Chrysler does not report sales of the 500e model independently, sales figures are estimated from state rebate data.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The first-generation 500e was assembled at the Toluca Car Assembly plant in Mexico. In the wake of the failure of its planned merger with Renault in July 2019, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles announced it was investing  million to convert its entire Mirafiori plant to production of the second-generation 500e, hoping to produce up to 80,000 electric vehicles per year, starting in the second quarter of 2020.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: In August 2013 Chrysler issued a recall to replace bolts that secure the Fiat 500e half-drive-shafts. The recall was not related to the 500e's electric powertrain and affected 291 model year 2013 Fiat 500e cars, including vehicles at dealers' lots. When an investigation was launched after a customer's 500e exhibited power loss, engineers discovered two assembly steps that had not been properly completed, thereby creating a condition that could lead to half-shaft separation. Fiat 500e owners affected by the recall were to receive free rental vehicles while their cars were repaired at no charge.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: For model year 2016, the Fiat 500 and Fiat 500C received a facelift including redesigned grille and reshaped headlights incorporating daytime running lights with LED technology; revised 15" and 16" alloy wheels; new paint colors, rear bumper chrome strip with fog lights and rear taillights featured integrated LEDs. Interiors have revised controls and a redesigned steering wheel. Available trims are Pop, Pop Star, Lounge and S. Three engines are available in Europe: 1.2 petrol, 0.9 Twin Air petrol in either 85 or 105 hp setup, all Euro 6 emission compliant.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The facelifted 500 (and in some markets, the 1957 Edition) were introduced with strong product placement tie-ins with Charlie Puth's debut single, "Marvin Gaye" — in both the song's video as well as prominent print advertising.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: For 2022 Fiat includes a Mild Hybrid version accompanied by a 1.0 three-cylinder engine with a combined power of 70 hp. All models now have a 7-inch screen along with Android Auto and Apple car Play, a version called RED can now be purchased, fight against AIDS and COVID-19 all proceeds will be donated to Global Flund.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: FCA launched the 500 with three Euro5-compliant engines: two petrol/gasoline and one diesel engine. The 1.3 Multijet was equipped with a diesel particulate filter (DPF). Despite the 500's name, which originally corresponded to its engine displacement, the lowest displacement is 1242 cc with 69 metric horsepower (PS), notably larger and more powerful than both the original 500 and the Cinquecento.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: A smaller, turbocharged two-cylinder Twinair engine with 85 PS was later unveiled at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show, entering production the following year.<ref name="www.italiaspeed.com/18.02.2010"></ref>


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The TwinAir received the Best New Engine Award for 2011 and was marketed the "world's greenest petrol engine," based on official Euro test cycle data for emissions and fuel consumption.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: A naturally aspirated version of the TwinAir was introduced later with larger bore and longer stroke, a displacement of and a higher compression ratio. This engine delivers . Availability is limited to selected markets, e.g., the Netherlands.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The new 500 has seven airbags in all models and available ABS brakes, ESP (electronic stability program), ASR (antislip regulation), HBA (hydraulic brake assistance) and hill holder.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The car was named "Worst Car For Passenger Injuries" in a study by a US-based insurance group analysed rates for Personal Injury Protection (PIP) and Medical Payments (MedPay) policies, which cover payouts to injured passengers.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The 500 was awarded five stars by EuroNCAP, succeeding the BMW MINI as the shortest car to have a five-star rating. Fiat also said that the 500 was engineered so that it would have achieved a six-star rating had EuroNCAP adopted this classification.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The Fiat 500 has remote locking and an immobiliser as standard. The Fiat 500 was tested by Thatcham's New Vehicle Security Ratings (NVSR) organisation and achieved the following ratings:


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The 500 Start&Stop is a model based on the 1.2 Lounge, with the start-stop system, designed and supplied by Bosch and Fiat Powertrain Technologies, stops the engine automatically whenever traffic conditions bring the car to a complete stop and restart it when the driver wants to move off again. The car reduces fuel consumption by up to 12% over a regular 1.2 Lounge in urban driving, with 113g/km emission. Other standard features include hands-free telecommunications and entertainment systems. It costs in the UK.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The 500 PUR-O2 is based on the Fiat 500 Start&Stop, but also includes an Eco-Drive system. Beginning in January 2009, a Dualogic transmission option is also available. The vehicle was unveiled in the 2008 Paris Motor Show.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: In 2008, Fiat launched a special edition 'By Diesel' 500. In a partnership with Fiat and Italian clothing brand Diesel, with a production run of 10,000 planned. The 500 by Diesel is available in a choice of three exclusive colours, and can be distinguished from standard 500s by unique alloy wheels, 'Diesel' logos and burnished metal bumper and side-rub inserts. The interior features denim upholstery with coloured stitching and a 'Diesel' branded gear knob. The 500 by Diesel is based on the 500 Sport, using the same 1.2 L petrol, 1.4 L petrol and 1.3 L diesel engines.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The 500 Aria is a concept car based on the 1.3 L Diesel vehicle, but with diesel particulate filter, Stop & Start system, Dualogic transmission, recycled rubber floor from used tires, recycled and woven leather upholstery (mataleather) by Matamata, Ecolabel polyester fabrics by Apollo company. The vehicle was unveiled in the 2008 Geneva Motor Show.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The Fiat 500 Ferrari edition is a limited edition model (200 units) of the 1.4 (100 bhp) Sport, mainly used by Ferrari dealers as courtesy cars for owners to use while their Ferraris are being serviced. It includes a red body color, aluminum pedals, red brake calipers, 16-inch wheels with 195/45 tires, sporty steering wheel and a few tuning and exhaust modifications. Sixty of the Ferrari edition cars were shipped to the UK.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The Felipe Massa version is a customized 1.4 Sport presented to Formula 1 driver Felipe Massa. It includes a 1.4 L engine rated at , Pearl White body color, brown Cordura interior trim, a Skydome electric sunroof, 16 inch alloy wheels with diamond alloy finish and red brake callipers. The vehicle was unveiled in Monte Carlo (Monaco).


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: A special edition of the 500 designed to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the toy icon Barbie. Created by Centro Stile Fiat and Mattel, the car was unveiled on March 9, 2009, in Milan's fashion district, and parked at the entrance to La Rinascente department store, in Piazza Duomo, where German singer Nena performed live in the background. The 500 Barbie Edition will also be making an appearance at Fiat UK's flagship store at Marylebone in London.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: A limited-edition 500 in a special Satin Black paint. It is the first vehicle in the small car segment to feature this unique paint finish.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The Fiat 500 by Gucci was a version of the Fiat 500 celebrating 150 years since the unification of Italy and Gucci's 90th anniversary. Customized by Gucci Creative Director Frida Giannini in partnership with Fiat's Centro Stile, it included a choice of 2 body colours (black or white), custom wheels for 195/45 R16 tires, and a red and green stripe around the car. The black version has detailing in metallic chrome with a sharp black and white interior for a contemporary and sporty feel, whilst the white version has satin chrome detailing with an ivory and black interior creating a softer look. Versions with the 1.4-litre engine include rear brake calipers in Gucci green. There is also a cabriolet version of the Gucci, called 500C by Gucci. It included a choice of two body colours (white with matte chrome-plated elements or gloss black with shiny chrome-plated accents), a black soft top with green-red-green Gucci web pattern printed lengthwise (the same graphic pattern is sported on the side of the car), 16-inch alloy wheels, and two-tone Frau leather seats with Guccissima print.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The hatchback version was unveiled in metropolitan cities such as Paris, London, and Tokyo, followed by a European commercial launch in July. The production order was available between April 1 and June 30 in Europe, and become available in the rest of the world at the end of 2011. In 2011, the car made its U.S. debut at the New York Fashion Week.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The convertible version began to be available to order in August 2011. As part of the product launch, beginning on 19 August, 500C by Gucci car took a tour in Saint Tropez (from 19 to 27 August) followed by Berlin (8–14 September), Barcelona (25 September – 2 October), London (16–23 October) and Geneva (23–30 October). In Italy, the tour started from Forte Dei Marmi (22–28 August) and then reach Rome (4–11 September), Florence (19–26 September) and Milan (8–16 October).


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: It is a limited (100 units) version of Fiat 500 Lounge with 1.4-litre 16v 100 HP engine, for the Chinese market. The vehicles came in 5 designs from 5 different Chinese designers.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: Orders for a Fiat 500 from July 12 to September 15 took part in a final draw entitling them to replace the car they ordered with a Fiat 500 "First Edition".


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: A total of 500 coupés and 500 convertible versions were available in the European market that was inspired by the United States where Fiat 500 sales began in 2011, and where Fiat's collaboration with the American pop singer Jennifer Lopez started. The "America" model includes mirror covers with "Stars & Stripes" graphics, stickers, dedicated beltline, and 16" alloy rims with red cap edge, an interior of red/ivory seats, and contrasting white dashboard, manual air conditioning, and exterior chrome-plated trim. The coupe model also includes metallic shade America Blue body.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The special edition, marketed variously as the Vintage 57 (Europe) or as the 1957 Edition (North America), features exterior paint in Bianco (white), Verde Chiaro (light green) or Celeste Blue (pastel sky blue) combined with a white roof and mirror caps; brown leather upholstery and color-matched (in the US, white elsewhere) 16-inch forged aluminum wheels, retro-styled with a wide chromed lip, body-color accent and large center caps with historic "FIAT" emblem — the design mimicking chrome hubcaps. The Vintage '57 500c features a dual-layer power-operated cloth top. The front hood and rear tailgate also feature the historic "FIAT" emblems, as well.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: This version of the Fiat 500 features a silhouette of the historic Nuova 500 on its side panels. The interior includes black-ivory Poltrona Frau leather upholstery. It is available only in Crossover Black Metallic with white trim.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: This is a special edition of the facelift Fiat 500 that showcases the Riva yacht brand, which is owned by the Ferretti Group. It features special Sera Blue paint with a contrasting double aquamarine line running around the waist of the car. The interior continues the luxury yacht theme, with ivory leather seats complemented by mahogany wood trim running across the dashboard. The Riva special edition is available in both hatchback and 500C convertible variants.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The new Fiat 500 Dolcevita special edition sports a Gelato White livery, enhanced by a red, white and red beauty line drawn around the entire silhouette. The convertible version for the first time in the history of the model, it is fitted with a horizontal white-and-blue striped top with embroidered red "500" logo inspired by the deck chairs and beach umbrellas of the Italian Riviera of the Sixties. The engine range includes the 69-hp 1.2-litre engine paired with the Dualogic automatic or manual transmission, the 85-hp 0.9-litre Twin Air and the 69-hp 1.2 LPG, the latter two both with a manual transmission.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The 500 Abarth "Opening Edition" is a limited production model (100 cars) for the Italian market. It includes the upgrades found in the 500 Abarth Esseesse. The car is available in two colours (Campovolo grey or pearlised White), while there is also the option of special stickers including a red chequered flag on the roof (exclusive to the Campovolo Grey shade) that pays homage to the numerous sporting victories of the Abarth brand.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: Unveiled in the 2008 Paris Motor Show, the 500 Abarth Assetto Corse is a limited production model (49 cars), designed by the Fiat Group Automobiles Style Centre and produced by a team of Abarth Engineers and Designers. Engine is rated at at 6,500 rpm and at 3,000 rpm. It includes white special ultralight racing wheels, low ride, sports racing mirrors and a place for a number on the sides and a pastel grey body color with red Abarth side stripes.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The Abarth 695 "Tributo Ferrari" is a limited edition version developed in collaboration with engineers from Ferrari based on Abarth 500. The Turbo T-Jet 16v engine is further developed and uses a different Garrett turbocharger. Rated at over at 5,500 rpm and of torque at 3,000 rpm. It includes an "MTA" (automated manual transmission), an electrohydraulic-actuated transmission with paddle shifters, unique to this version, 17 inch alloy wheels with performance tyres, Brembo multi-section discs with fixed 4-piston calipers, "Record Monza" variable back-pressure "dual mode" exhaust, Scuderia Red body with Racing Grey wheels and rear air intakes, Magneti Marelli Automotive Lighting xenon headlights, "Abarth Corsa by Sabelt" seats in black leather upholstery with carbon fibre shell and seat base, black leather steering wheel with red leather inserts and a tricolour hub, Jaeger instrument panel, non-slip aluminium foot wells, Scorpion racing pedals, special kick plates and a plate bearing the vehicle series number. This version will eventually be released also in blue, yellow and grey. The vehicle was unveiled in the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The Abarth 500 "SpeedGrey" is a very limited edition version model (10 cars only) produced by Neubauer, the official Abarth distributor in France, exclusively for the French market. Starting from the "Esseesse" version of the Abarth 500, Neubauer added the "Record Monza" variable back-pressure "dual mode" exhaust system (boosting output to ), as well as a pair of "Abarth Corsa by Sabelt" seats in black leather upholstery with carbon-fibre shell and seat base. Tinted windows were added, along with the Blue&Me GPS system. Finally, Neubauer repainted the car in a special "Maserati Grey" paint.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The Abarth 500 "Cabrio Italia" is a limited (150 units) model commemorating the 150th anniversary of Italian unity, unveiled at the 64th Frankfurt International Motor Show in 2011. It includes the 1.4 Turbo T-Jet engine from the "Abarth Esseesse", 5-speed manual gearbox, Torque Transfer Control device, Esseesse brake system, Abarth Corsa by Sabelt natural leather seats, Blu Abu Dhabi shade dashboard, Abarth Blue&Me MAP satellite navigation unit with a telemetric function developed by Magneti Marelli, black leather with a double-stitching steering wheel, magnesium shade mirror covers, 10-spoke 17" rims with diamond effect and yellow Brembo front calipers.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The Abarth 695 "Competizione" is inspired by the Abarth 500 Assetto Corsa, which debuted at the 2011 Frankfurt International Motor Show together with the Cabrio Italia. It includes only 2 seats with a rear roll bar, Grigio Competizione Opaco paint, Abarth Corsa by Sabelt seats in black leather with red Alcantara leather inserts with carbon fiber shell and seat base, black leather steering wheel, 5-speed "Abarth Competizione" gearshift paddles, instrument panel made by Jaeger, Abarth Blue&Me MAP satellite navigation unit with a telemetric function developed by Magneti Marelli, Abarth logo racing pedals, Xenon headlights with dipped and main beam functions, 17-inch rims from Abarth 695 Tributo Ferrari, red Brembo brake calipers and center cap, 1.4 Turbo T-Jet engine rated , Abarth Competizione electromechanical transmission, Brembo 305 mm disc brakes with fixed four-piston caliper disc and special shock absorbers and Record Monza variable back-pressure "dual mode" exhaust.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: In 2012 the Abarth range was enlarged with the addition of the Abarth 595. Four versions are available, both with either manual or MTA transmission and in hatchback or cabriolet body style: Custom, Turismo, Competizione, Kit Elaborazione.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The Abarth 595 Turismo features standard leather upholstery, upgraded dampers, and climate control, Xenon headlights, and Alutex interior details. The sportier Abarth 595 Competizione replaces leather seats with Sabelt cloth sport seats and Alutex with aluminum while adding cross-drilled brakes and the Record Monza dual-mode exhaust.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The Kit Abarth Elaborazione 595 is a powerful kit for the Custom version, with 160 hp engine, BMC Air sport filter, Koni FSD suspensions, Eibach low springs and new badge 595.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: It is a limited (499 vehicles) version of the Abarth 500C convertible with the 1.4 Turbo T-Jet 16v engine rated at , 5-speed electrically operated manual Abarth Competizione gearbox with steering wheel controls, Maserati "Neptune" 17" alloy wheels with performance tires, Brembo 305 mm brake discs with fixed four-piston caliper and special shock absorbers, Record Modena variable back-pressure "dual mode" exhaust, Pontevecchio Bordeaux body-color, Xenon headlights with dipped and driving light functions, sand beige Poltrona Frau leather seats with containment strips featuring single-layer padding and the pista grey contrasting electro-welding, black leather steering wheel, aluminum pedal unit and sill plate, carbon fiber kick plate and boosted hi-fi audio system.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: It is a limited (299 vehicles) version of the Abarth 595 commemorating the 50th anniversary of the original Fiat-Abarth 595, with 1.4 T-Jet engine, Abarth Competizione gearbox, 17-inch alloy wheels with 695 Magnesio Grey design embellished and red liner, Brembo 305 mm floating brake discs, fixed four-piston caliper, special shock absorbers, 'Record Monza' variable back-pressure dual-mode exhaust, matt three-layer white body color, Xenon headlights with dipped and driving light functions, red leather sports seats with white inserts and red stitching, Abarth logo at the black leather steering wheel with red inserts and finder and the kick plate.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The 500 Abarth esseesse is a conversion kit for the Abarth 500, to be installed within 12 months or of the car's first registration. The engine is upgraded to at 5,750 rpm and at 3,000 rpm ( in sport mode). The kit also includes cross-drilled and ventilated x front brake discs with new pads, x cross-drilled rear brake discs, lowered springs, sport air filter, 17-inch white or titanium colour alloy wheels with 205/40 R17 tyres, tyre pressure monitoring system, and a unique key cover. The conversion costs in the UK.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The Abarth 695 70° Anniversario was unveiled at the 2019 Abarth Days in Milan, as part of the brand's 70th-anniversary celebrations. Limited to 1949 units, it is powered by the 1.4 Turbo T-Jet engine. Highlights of the special edition include an adjustable rear spoiler.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: Abarth has recently launched a special edition of the 500 for the Mexican market to end its production in Toluca. It has a 1.4 litre , turbo engine, accompanied by a 5-gear manual transmission gearbox or a 6-speed automatic transmission, but with and of torque. It has a 17" Pirelli PZero Nero aluminium alloy wheels, disc brakes in all wheels and security assistance such as ABS, traction and stability control, and 7 airbags. It is limited to 37 units.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The new 500 was introduced in Mexico in September 2008, powered the 1.4 L 16V engine, transmissions are Dualogic for the '500 Classic', '500 Lounge' and '500 Vintage' trims or six-speed manual gearbox for the '500 Sport' Trim. The 'Abarth 500', 'Abarth 500 esseesse', 'Abarth 500C', and the 'Abarth 695 Tributo Ferrari' variants have been sold through independent importers. Mexico became the first country in the Americas in which the new 500 is sold. As of 2011, the Fiat 500 is also manufactured in Mexico. In 2012 when the North American 500 released all Mexican 500's got an update to meet the North American Spec. As of Sept. 2019, the Nuova 500 has ended production for the North American market.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The Fiat 500 debuted at the 2010 North American International Auto Show with production beginning in December 2010 — effectively reintroducing the Fiat brand in the United States and Canada after 26 years.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The North American 500 is marketed in Pop, Lounge, Sport and Turbo trim levels with market-specific modifications including increased body strength; revised suspension; changes for reduced noise, vibration, and harshness; BiHalogen projector headlamps and amber front and red rear sidemarker lights and reflectors on each wheel arch edge to comply with FMVSS 108; new four-wheel anti-lock disc brake system with new front calipers; larger fuel tank; upgraded heating and cooling system; revised front seats with an armrest and seat cushion; easy entry system designed into the driver's seats; revised steering wheel controls and revised steering; a Bose branded audio system as well as a more rounded center grille and a plastic lip that wraps onto the bottom of the spoiler. FCA offers the North American 500 with either an AISIN 6-speed automatic transmission with a driver-selectable mode as well as a 5-speed manual.<ref name="italiaspeed.com/2010/cars/fiat/11"></ref>


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: Fiat began marketing the 500C in Spring 2011.<ref name="http://www.italiaspeed.com/2010/cars/fiat"></ref> The 500 Abarth is also confirmed for North American markets.<ref name="autoblog.com/2010/11"></ref>


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The North American 500 has the 1.4-litre 16v MultiAir FIRE engine from the Fiat Panda 100HP, and the European-market Fiat 500 1.4 16v. The engine produces at 6,750 rpm and at 4,250 rpm.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The US version of the 500 is rated at highway by United States Environmental Protection Agency when equipped with the manual transmission; the 500 with the automatic transmission has a fuel mileage of highway.<ref name="www.autonews.com/app"></ref>


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The Toluca-built version of the 500 is for sale in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico and was launched in mid-2011 in Brazil and Argentina where it replaces the European version made in Poland.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: For 2015 the 500 lines (500, 500c, and 500/500c Abarth) received updates to its interior styling and features. The Easy model is added above the Pop model and below the Sport model. All models also now include the U Connect 5.0BT infotainment system, which features an AM-FM stereo, iPod/USB and 3.5-millimeter auxiliary audio input jacks, U Connect hands-free Bluetooth phone w/ hands-free stereo audio streaming, a five-inch color touch-screen display, and voice command, plus six speakers (six Beats premium amplified speakers on higher-end models), replacing the previous stereo, which included an AM-FM stereo, single-disc CD/MP3 player, 3.5-millimeter auxiliary audio input jack, and six speakers. A rearview backup camera with rear backup sensors is available, as well as a built-in GPS navigational system. SIRIUS-XM Satellite Radio remains an option on lower models and standard on higher-end models. The 500e electric model is not available for 2016.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: Trim levels are the Easy (500 ONLY), Pop, Sport, and Abarth. The 1957 Edition is replaced by a Retro Appearance Package, which is now available on all 500 models (aside from the performance-oriented Abarth model).


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The Abarth version for North America was introduced in the LA Auto Show in November 2011 with a 1.4 L turbocharged Multiair engine producing and of torque.The NA Abarths came with the esseesse package as standard.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The 500 Turbo model went on sale for model year 2013 featuring a 1.4 L turbocharged Multiair engine rated and of torque, 16-inch aluminum wheels with Nero (black) painted pockets, semi- metallic brake linings at all four corners, larger 11.1-inch ventilated front rotors, brake calipers lacquered in Rosso (red) paint, taillamps with Gloss Black bezels, black-accented rear diffuser, choice of 7 body colours (Argento (silver), Bianco (white), Grigio (gray), Nero (black), Rame (copper), Rosso (red) and all-new Verde Azzurro (green & blue)), leather-wrapped shift knob and steering wheel with Argento (silver) stitching, a Grigio/Nero (gray/black) seating and interior environment, optional Nero/Nero (black/black) or vivid Rosso/Nero (red/black) heated leather seating, optional Beats by Dr. Dre audio system (6 premium speakers, an 8-inch dual-voice coil (DVC) subwoofer with trunk-mounted enclosure and 8-channel 368-watt amplifier with Beats Audio digital sound processing (DSP) algorithm).


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: As of 2018, the 500 Turbo engine, brakes, 16" wheels, suspension tuning, and body kit became standard for all 500 trim levels in the US market (aside from the more powerful 500 Abarth and the electric-drive 500e), and new colors were introduced: Brillante Red, Mezzanotte Blue Pearl, and Vesuvio Black Pearl.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: As of September 2019, the Nuova 500 has ended production for the North American market. 2019 is the final model year for the Fiat 500, 500c, 500e, and Abarth in North America, while the 500L and 500X continued to be sold there.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: It is a limited (500 units) version of the Fiat 500 with the 1.4L 16v 100HP engine, for the US market. It include a choice of 3 body colours (Bianco (White), Rosso (Red) and Grigio (Gray)), 5spd manual transmission, exclusive Prima Edizione badge, sequential VIN and badge.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: It is a limited (250 units) version of the 2012 Fiat 500 Lounge model produced in partnership with The Breast Cancer Research Foundation. It includes a choice of Argento (silver) and Bianco (white) body, with a signature dark pink bodyside stripe, Nero leather front and rear seats with pink accent stitching on the perimeter and signature "500" logo embroidered on the front seatbacks and a pink ribbon embroidered on the floor mats and pink accents on Nero leather steering wheel.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: It is a production version of the 2011 Specialty Equipment Market Association (SEMA) Hottest Sports Compact Car award-winning car but based on the 2012 Fiat 500 Sport with 2-stage options.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: Stage 1 includes Giallo (yellow) exterior body, Black Chrome exterior door handles and mirror caps, 17-inch by 7-inch Abarth Hyper Black aluminum wheels with wider 205/40 R 17 performance tires, tinted head and taillamps and license-plate brow, Mopar's vinyl bodyside and roof graphics in the black checker, Mopar's Katzkin leather seats, Alcantara seat centres, Giallo black leather bolsters, and Giallo accent stitching, Mopar carbon-fiber instrument panel decal and Mopar shifter ball finished in Gloss Black.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: Stage 2 includes Mopar's cold-air intake and free-flowing cat-back exhaust, performance brakes with cross-drilled rotors.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: It is a version of the 2014 Fiat 500c produced in association with Condé Nast, with the 1.4-liter MultiAir Turbo (160 hp) engine, five-speed manual transmission, 16-inch split five-spoke aluminum wheels with Hyper Nero (black) with a Rosso (red) center cap and accenting inner backbone, a cloth-top mounted spoiler, a rear-fascia diffuser with dual exhaust, Gloss Nero headlamp, taillamp and parking lamp bezels, a "GQ 500" badge located on the B-pillar, a thick-rim three-spoke steering wheel wrapped in Nero leather with a contrasting Steam (white) inner leather ring, a large concentric instrument cluster with 160-mph speedometer, tachometer and trip computer sits behind the steering wheel with a Nero leather-wrapped cluster brow finished with Tungsten accent stitching; a Nero shift knob with Tungsten accent thread stitching, satin chrome interior accents, Nero leather-wrapped tightly contoured seat bolsters, Alcantara inserts and a Steam leatherette center stripe on the seat cushion, Tungsten accent stitching and a "GQ" embossed in the seatbacks, instrument panel bezel matching body colour with a matte finish, a choice of 4 body colours (Nero Puro (straight black), Argento (silver), Granito Lucente (granite crystal) and Bianco (white)).


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The vehicle was unveiled in the 2013 Concorso Italiano auto show, followed by the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show, and 2014 Toronto Auto Show.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: It is a limited version of the 2014 Fiat 500 Lounge for the North American market, commemorating the 57th anniversary of the original 1957 "Nuova" Cinquecento. It included the 1.4l 16v 100HP engine, choice of 3 body colours (Bianco (white), Verde Chiaro (light green) or exclusive Celeste (celestial blue)) with Bianco roof and mirror caps, 16-inch retro wheel design with a wide chromed lip, body-color accent and large center cap with historic "FIAT" emblem; a sport-tuned suspension and all-season performance tires, "FIAT" badges on the front fascia and rear liftgate, Avorio (ivory) interior, Marrone (brown) leather seats, Avorio accent stitching at the seatbacks and seat cushions and perimeter; Grigio (grey) door panels with a unique Avorio inner panel, Marrone door armrests and shift boot (with manual transmission) are color-keyed to the leather seats; exclusive Avorio leather-wrapped steering wheel with Marrone leather on the "inner ring" and features a retro "FIAT" badge; a uniquely styled key fob with Marrone casing and Avorio-painted "1957" graphic, six-speaker and 276-watt FIAT premium audio system with SiriusXM Radio, C514 five-speed manual transmission (optional six-speed automatic transmission with driver-selectable gear changes), driver-selectable "Sport" mode on the instrument panel.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The vehicles arrive at FIAT Studios in the Spring of 2014. Ordering for the US model was set to begin in early 2014.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: On October 18, 2011, the North American Fiat 500 earned the IIHS (The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety) Top Safety Pick award. In 2011 Fiat sold 19,769 units of the Fiat 500 in the United States. Fiat 500 sales between January and September 2012 is 32,742 units.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: It included a double hump roof, a turbocharged Twin Air engine rated at 5,500 rpm and at 2,500 rpm, 17-inch "chrome shadow" wheels with a brand new double spoked shape and synthetic inserts (made of APP-TECH), 205/40R17 tyres, 4 perforated brake discs.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: FIAT unvailed 3 concepts of the 2024 fiat 500e at the LA Auto Show They are a preview of the upcoming redesigned second generation Fiat 500e to replace the original 500e that was discontinued in 2019


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The Micro Vett electric Fiat 500 has been presented at the London Auto Show by the NICE Car Company. The Micro-Vett electric Fiat 500 is powered by a Lithium polymer – Kokam battery with a 22 kWh capacity and is able to get to a top speed of . The range of the Micro-Vett electric Fiat 500 is and after that will need 6–8 hours to re-charge it.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The Italian automaker gave Swedish company EV Adapt permission to buy the stock 500, swap out the combustion motor for an electric one, and then resell the car as an EV. The vehicle is now available throughout Europe. Buyers have the option of purchasing a battery-less car for a reduced price, and then renting its battery pack (in partnership with Alelion Batteries, all vehicles from EV Adapt are equipped with Lithium iron phosphate batteries). The range is and the max speed is limited to .


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: Chrysler unveiled the Fiat 500 Elettra concept electric car at the 2010 North American International Auto Show. The carmaker announced its decision to build an electric version of the 500 for the U.S. market, with a powertrain to be developed at its Auburn Hills, Michigan headquarters. Initially the electric car was scheduled go into production in 2012.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: Within three weeks of the 500's launch, the entire year's production of 58,000 had been sold out. To date, Fiat has received more than 205,000 orders for the 500. While Italy has been the 500's main market (in October 2007, some 9,000 cars had been sold in Italy, making it the 3rd bestselling car there), the 500 has gained a strong following in many countries. Fiat France had received more than 10,000 orders by the end of October 2007. To cope with demand, Fiat has announced that production has been increased to 200,000 in 2008. The 500 was launched on January 21, 2008, in the UK.<ref name="italiaspeed.com/2008/cars/fiat/01"></ref> 500,000 500s have been produced up to March 2010.<ref name="www.italiaspeed.com/2010/cars/fiat"></ref>


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: By the end of 2013, the Fiat 500 had accumulated over 1 million sales in Europe. In 2013, the 500 outsold the Fiat Panda to become Europe's best-selling minicar for the first time since its launch.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: In North America, initial sales were lower than anticipated, as of December 2011, only 16,000 500s were sold in North America, short of the initial goal of 50,000. Poor marketing and a shortage of dealers were blamed for the low numbers, Chrysler Group replaced North American head Laura Soave with Timothy Kuniskis, who was director of marketing for the Chrysler brand. The 1.5 million mark of sold FIAT 500s was reached in 2015.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The launch show, which took place in the Turin's Murazzi del Po region, was a huge firework spectacle that also celebrated the 50th anniversary of the old 500 launch. The show was coordinated by Marco Balich, who was also responsible for Turin's 2006 Winter Olympic Games and was an event never made before for a car launch. Several artists performed during the show, including Lauryn Hill, Israel I dancing group Mayumana, and others. In the first part of the show, artists reproduced scenes of the 60s, such as scenes from films by Federico Fellini, a Beatles show made by a cover band and Marilyn Monroe's iconic "Happy Birthday, Mr. President", which became "Happy Birthday, dear Cinquecento" (sung by a Marilyn cover to celebrate the original 500's fifty years). Several bikes also represented the Giro d'Italia competition, filmed by a cameraman inside an original 500, just like in the 60s. Both the 500 and the bikes floated on the river.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The show was broadcast live by Italian Canale 5 and by a live video stream at fiat500.com, which was watched by over 100,000 people online.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: A project called "500 wants you" was launched by Fiat as part of a major online advertising campaign. The project uses the Internet to involve the public in planning the evolution of the new vehicle. The official 500 Internet page has been visited by over four million people.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: Print ads titled Black bear and Black panther were produced Leo Burnett agency for French market. The ads were premiered in September 2010.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: As part of the Fiat 500C launch in Germany, an interactive game event was held inside a movie theatre. Theatre attendants would find steering hands with a coupon that allows the attendant to win a weekend driving a Fiat 500C. Attendants played the interactive game by trying to collectively drive two on-screen Fiat 500C cars around a uniquely designed race track.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: To demonstrate Fiat's Start & Stop system, Leo Burnett, Frankfurt developed the Fiat 500 hand dryer to promote its eco-friendly image.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: As part of the 500 by Gucci product launch, a commercial featuring model Natasha Poly was produced. The commercial was shot by Mert Alas and Marcus Piggott in Rome, and conceived by Giannini. In addition, single and double-page print ads were also produced.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: "Papillon Polaroid" (produced by Olivier Zahm (Editor in Chief of Purple Fashion magazine)) featuring Betony Vernon, is set at the Museo Casa Mollino, Torino, the former home and now a museum dedicated to Italian designer and architect, Carlo Mollino. This film would create a poetic combination of three pillars of Italian design: Fiat, Gucci, and Carlo Mollino.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: "Assembly line" (produced by Chris Sweeney (Film Director for NOWNESS)) fuses two powerhouses of Italian design with a playful twist that brings the 500 to life in a completely unexpected way.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: "Reverse to Perfection" (produced by Francesco Carrozzini) features luxury restores order with the Fiat 500 by Gucci.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: "Divergence" (produced by Alexi Tan (Film Director)) features two lovers who are having a secret affair. They long to be together and at the same time, they know they shouldn't be. Just like their passionate encounters, their one of a kind cars, two Fiat 500 By Gucci also reflect the state of their relationship, moving fast apart but always finding a way to come back. She decides to leave once and for all, he makes the chase... will they return to one another one more time?


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: The films were premiered at the Independent Ideas headquarters in Milan, during a special event for a select audience of international journalists and opinion leaders, in the presence of Lapo Elkann.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: A tagline 'Simply More' was used to define 'The Fiat 500 as everything you need and nothing you don't. It represents the notion that the simple things in life are treasures, alongside the thought that the richness and fullness of a life well-lived is defined by one's view of self-expression.'


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: In the 'Life Is Best When Driven' campaign, Jennifer Lopez was featured in the "My World" ad. The Smoking Gun reported the Big Block-produced commercial was shot in Los Angeles, and a body-double was used for the scenes showing the car driving through Lopez' 'hometown of the Bronx'. Following the production of the ad, the artists behind a copyrighted mural in the Bronx sued Chrysler for using the image in the commercial without their permission, which was later settled out of court in undisclosed terms. Jennifer Lopez later appeared in 2011 American Music Awards with a 2012 Fiat 500 during her performance of "Papi", a 30 and 60-second versions of Fiat 500 Pop commercial, and the Fiat 500C Gucci Edition ad titled 'Elegance'.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: In the 500 Abarth 'Seduction' ad, Jennifer Lopez was replaced by Romanian model Catrinel Menghia. A Pop-Up Video version of the ad was also produced.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: A new Fiat 500 Abarth TV commercial starring Charlie Sheen and Catrinel Menghia debuted during the 2012 NCAA Tournament.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: As part of Abarth 595 '50th Anniversary' launch, a series of commercial activities across the Abarth range and by an extremely digital communication plan which revolves around the new commercial: the essence of the Abarth brand concentrated in 5.95 seconds through an evocative and epic slow motion. The communication also goes through the channels more customary for the brand with the organization of the first digital "rally" (where at least virtual 595 Abarth cars will be involved) and the most numerous anniversary ever, also celebrated with a fun app for iPhone, iPad, Android, and Facebook through which Abarth fans can "play" their favourite tunes substituting the musical notes with the powerful sounds of the engines of the Abarth cars. There will also be events celebrating the anniversary.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: As part of the 2014 Fiat 500c GQ Edition launch, the FIAT brand sponsored the 'How GQ Are You?' online photo-sharing platform, where participants can upload photos of themselves to compete in online style contests, with winning participants awarded monthly prizes, culminating in December with the give-away of one Fiat 500c GQ Edition to the 'Most GQ Guy of the Year,' chosen by the public and the editors of GQ Magazine.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: In 2011 the TwinAir engine used in the 500 was awarded with four awards in the International Engine of the Year competition.


title: Fiat 500 (2007)

text: In 2009, an art installation designed by architect Fabio Novembre featured 20 full-size fibreglass replicas of the Fiat 500C, shaped as planters, along Milan's famous Via Monte Napoleone.


title: The Pledge (film)

text: The Pledge is a 2001 American neo-noir mystery thriller film directed by Sean Penn. The film features an ensemble cast, starring Jack Nicholson, Patricia Clarkson, Aaron Eckhart, Helen Mirren, Robin Wright Penn, Vanessa Redgrave, Sam Shepard, Mickey Rourke, Tom Noonan, Lois Smith and Benicio del Toro. It was in competition at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival.


title: The Pledge (film)

text: "The Pledge" is based on Friedrich Dürrenmatt's 1958 novella "". Dürrenmatt wrote the novella to refine the theme he originally developed in the screenplay for the 1958 German film "It Happened in Broad Daylight" with Heinz Rühmann.


title: The Pledge (film)

text: Aging Reno, Nevada police detective Jerry Black attends a retirement party hosted by his department, at which Captain Pollack presents Jerry tickets to a fishing trip in Mexico as a gift. The celebration is interrupted by the discovery of a murdered child, Ginny Larsen. Jerry decides to go with another detective, Stan Krolak, to the scene of the crime.


title: The Pledge (film)

text: Jerry delivers the bad news to Ginny's parents, and the mother, Margaret Larsen, makes Jerry swear on a cross, made by their daughter, that he will find the killer. A suspect, Toby Jay Wadenah, a Native American man with an intellectual disability, is found the next day. Stan uses Toby's disorder to his advantage, convincing him that he killed Ginny. After having confessed to doing so, Toby steals a deputy's gun and commits suicide. An autopsy on Ginny proves that she had consumed chocolate before she died; wrappers found in Toby's truck solidify the likelihood that he killed the little girl, and the case is closed, despite Jerry’s suspicions.


title: The Pledge (film)

text: Still adamant about his pledge to find the killer, Jerry chooses not to go to Mexico and misses his flight. Instead, he visits Ginny's grandmother, Annalise Hansen, who tells him of the many stories that she and Ginny used to read; one tells of an angel who descends from Heaven in order to fly a deceased child over all the places they loved in life, before delivering them to God. Jerry then visits one of Ginny's friends, Becky Fiske, who reveals that she had made friends with a man she called "The Giant" shortly before she was killed. Jerry finds a picture Ginny drew of "The Giant", but it does not resemble Toby, and features a black station wagon and not the red truck driven by Toby. He takes the drawing with him.


title: The Pledge (film)

text: Jerry goes to Stan and asks him to reopen the case. Stan refuses but gets Jerry more information about similar cases in the area. Jerry's investigations reveal three local, unsolved cases that bear the same M.O. as seen with Ginny's, and which Toby could not have possibly committed because he was incarcerated at the time. Jerry presents his research and Ginny's drawing to Captain Pollack and Stan, who are doubtful.


title: The Pledge (film)

text: While fishing, Jerry notices a gas station that is located near the center of the cases. After buying the station, Jerry moves into the house behind it and meets local waitress/bartender Lori, and her daughter, Chrissy. He takes an interest in Chrissy and becomes friends with the small family. One night, Lori shows up at Jerry's house, bruised and battered, and explains that her ex (who has a restraining order) attacked her. Jerry, out of concern for their safety, suggests that Lori and Chrissy move in with him temporarily; she agrees. Jerry slowly develops a fatherly relationship with Chrissy, and even begins a romance with Lori herself.


title: The Pledge (film)

text: One day, local pastor Gary Jackson visits Chrissy outside the station. Jerry suspects that Jackson is Ginny's killer after he invites Chrissy to his church. Jerry rushes to the church after Jackson picks her up one day while he was fishing, but finds it was nothing more than a close call, and that Jackson is not the killer.


title: The Pledge (film)

text: Meanwhile, Chrissy begins meeting with a man who drives a black car with a toy porcupine hanging on the rear mirror; porcupines were another aspect of Ginny's drawing that have set Jerry off. At night, while reading her a bed-time story, Chrissy tells Jerry that she met a "wizard" who gave her porcupine candies and told her not to tell her parents of their correspondence. Chrissy alerts Jerry to a meeting that will happen between her and the "wizard" the next day. Using Chrissy as bait, Jerry stages an operation with Stan's help to catch the killer. However, as they await his arrival, the "wizard" dies in a car accident; hours later, Stan gives up and tells Lori what happened. She confronts Jerry angrily about putting Chrissy in danger, and breaks up with him.


title: The Pledge (film)

text: Sometime later, Jerry sits alone on a bench in front of the ruined gas station. Despondent, destitute, and drunk, Jerry ends up all alone, mumbling to himself that the killer is still out there, unaware that he is actually dead.


title: The Pledge (film)

text: The film was shot mainly on location in the British Columbia interior. While the opening scenes were filmed in Reno, Nevada, the rest of the film was shot in Keremeos, Princeton, Hedley, Merritt and Lytton, all in British Columbia. Tom Noonan recounts that, when "Battlefield Earth" flopped, the film's backers "were so freaked out... that they got on Sean [Penn] about finishing on time and finishing under budget, which wasn't really possible, because they were shooting in the mountains, and there were four or five scenes that I still had to shoot, which they never shot, which explain who I am in that film. Because I'm not the guy who killed the kids. I'm not the bad guy in the film." He has repeated this assertion: "There's another guy who's in a Mercedes that gets burned at the end. And people tell me I look like the guy in the Mercedes but that's not me. I'm the nice guy in that movie. At least in the script I am."


title: The Pledge (film)

text: "The Pledge" did not perform well at the box office. The film opened in 1,275 theaters and grossed $5,765,347, with an average of $4,521 per theater and ranking #11 at the box office. The film ultimately earned $19,733,089 domestically and $9,686,202 internationally for a total of $29,419,291, below its $35 million production budget.


title: The Pledge (film)

text: "The Pledge" received mainly positive reviews from critics. The film has a "certified fresh" score of 78% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 124 reviews, with an average rating of 6.88/10. The critical consensus states: "Though its subject matter is grim and may make viewers queasy, "The Pledge" features an excellent, subtle performance by Jack Nicholson." The film also has a score of 71 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 33 critics indicating "Generally favorable reviews." Audiences polled by CinemaScore graded the film "D" on a scale of A+ to F.


title: The Pledge (film)

text: James Berardinelli gave "The Pledge" three stars, calling it "clever in the way that it gradually reveals things, but never gives us too much information at one time." Roger Ebert gave the film three and a half stars out of four, and in 2012 upgraded it to four stars and added it to his "Great Movies" list, writing, "The last third of the movie is where most police stories go on autopilot, with obligatory chases, stalkings and confrontations. That's when "The Pledge" grows most compelling. Penn and Nicholson take risks with the material and elevate the movie to another, unanticipated, haunting level."


title: AFF Championship

text: The ASEAN Football Federation Championship (less formally the AFF Championship or AFF Cup), currently known as the AFF Mitsubishi Electric Cup for sponsorship reasons, is the primary association football tournament organized by the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF).


title: AFF Championship

text: A biennial international association football competition, it is contested by the men's national teams of the AFF to determe the sub-continental champion of Southeast Asia. The competition has been held every two years since 1996 scheduled to be in the even-numbered year, except for 2007, and 2020 (which was postponed to 2021 due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic).


title: AFF Championship

text: The AFF Championship title have been won by four national teams; Thailand have won six titles, Singapore has four titles, Vietnam has two titles and Malaysia with one title. To date, Thailand and Singapore are the only teams in history to have won consecutive titles; Thailand in 2000 and 2002 and also in 2014 and 2016, and Singapore in 2004 and 2007. It is one of the most watched football tournaments in the region.


title: AFF Championship

text: Since 2018, the championship winners would compete in the following AFF–EAFF Champions Trophy, against the winner of the EAFF E-1 Football Championship, the champions of East Asia, to determine the champions of East and Southeast Asia.


title: AFF Championship

text: Although have joined the AFF since 2013, Australia has never competed in the AFF Championship due to its overwhelming strength compared to the remaining teams.


title: AFF Championship

text: The AFF tournament is recognized as 'A' international tournament by FIFA and offer FIFA ranking points since the 1996 edition.


title: AFF Championship

text: The first ASEAN Championship took place in 1996 with the six founding members of ASEAN Federation competing with four nations being invited that came in that region. The final saw Thailand become the first champions of ASEAN as they defeated Malaysia 1–0 in Singapore. The top four nations automatically qualified through to the finals in the following edition. This meant the other six nations had to compete in qualifying for the remaining four spots. Myanmar, Singapore, Laos and Philippines all made it through to the main tournament.


title: AFF Championship

text: Sports marketing, media and event management firm, Lagardère Sports has been involved in the tournament since the inaugural edition in 1996.


title: AFF Championship

text: Founded as the Tiger Cup after Singapore-based Asia Pacific Breweries brand Tiger Beer, it sponsored the competition from the competition's inauguration in 1996 until the 2004 edition. After Asia Pacific Breweries withdrew as title sponsor, the competition was known simply as the AFF Championship for the 2007 edition. In 2008, Japanese auto-company Suzuki bought the naming rights for the competition, and the competition was named the AFF Suzuki Cup until the 2020 edition. On 23 May 2022, AFF announced a new title sponsorship deal with Japanese company Mitsubishi Electric and the competition was named the AFF Mitsubishi Electric Cup starting in the 2022 edition.


title: AFF Championship

text: From 2004, the knockout stage is played over two legs on a home-and-away format. Since the 2007 edition, there was no third place match; semi-finalists are listed in alphabetical order. The away goals rule has been applied for knockout stage since the 2010 edition.


title: AFF Championship

text: Starting with the 2018 edition, a new format was applied. The nine highest ranked teams would automatically qualify with the 10th and 11th ranked teams playing in a two-legged qualifier. The 10 teams were split in two groups of five and play a round robin system, with each team playing two home and two away fixtures. A draw was made to determine where the teams play while the format of the knockout round remained unchanged.


title: Will Smith (comedian)

text: William James Smith (born 8 June 1971) is an English stand-up comedian, screenwriter, novelist, actor and producer.


title: Will Smith (comedian)

text: As co-writer and co-producer of the HBO sitcom "Veep", he was among the recipients of two Emmys and two Writers Guild of America Awards, and has received nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy and the Producers Guild of America Award for Best Episodic Comedy.


title: Will Smith (comedian)

text: Though born in Winchester, Hampshire, Smith grew up in Jersey and was educated there at Victoria College. His brother is the TV presenter and wine critic Olly Smith.


title: Will Smith (comedian)

text: Smith started his career in stand-up comedy, winning awards including Chortle Best Headliner 2005 and Time Out Comedy 2004. One critic called him 'the Hugh Grant of comedy', and he appeared on "The 11 O'Clock Show" with Sacha Baron Cohen and Ricky Gervais as the character 'Posh Boy'. He took solo shows to the Edinburgh Fringe Festival every year from 2003 to 2006: "Will Smith Is Much Obliged", "Misplaced Childhood" (inspired by his love of the rock band Marillion and their 1985 album of the same name), "Ten Arguments I Should Have Won", and "How To Be Cool".


title: Will Smith (comedian)

text: Smith supported Gervais on his record-breaking sell-out 2007 "Fame" tour, and supported Ardal O'Hanlon and Johnny Vegas on national tours.


title: Will Smith (comedian)

text: Smith is involved with both British and American political satire. He is a writer and one of the executive producers on HBO's Emmy-winning sitcom "Veep", starring Julia Louis-Dreyfus. He wrote or co-wrote the Veep episodes: Chung (Season 1); Midterms, Running (Season 2); Some New Beginnings, Fishing (Season 3); Storms and Pancakes, Testimony (Season 4); Thanksgiving, (Season 5). Smith also wrote on the BAFTA-winning BBC political comedy "The Thick of It". He was the only writer on the programme who acted in it – as MP Peter Mannion's inept adviser, "The Lord of the Rings"-obsessive Phil Smith. He also has a cameo role in the closing credits of "In the Loop", the Anglo-American film spin-off.


title: Will Smith (comedian)

text: He is an executive producer on HBO sitcom Avenue 5. Other writing credits include sitcoms "Damned" and Back (TV series), both airing on Channel 4. With Armando Iannucci and Roger Drew he devised BBC future comedy "Time Trumpet", six episodes that screened in 2006. In 2018 he was reported to be working on co-writing a television series of "Scarfolk".


title: Will Smith (comedian)

text: In December 2020 he was reported to be working on the television adaptation of espionage novel "Slow Horses", filming in the UK and starring Gary Oldman.


title: Will Smith (comedian)

text: Comedy books by Smith include "How To Be Cool" (Harry Enfield said of it 'Will Smith is the coolest guy in the world (if uncool is the new cool) – he's also terrifically funny'), and "The Joy of No Sex", published by Penguin, a parody of "The Joy of Sex".


title: Will Smith (comedian)

text: Smith writes for various publications, including the magazine "Intelligent Life", in which he learns something new for each issue. Articles have included banjo-playing, ice-sculpting, circus skills and making a soufflé.


title: Will Smith (comedian)

text: In 2015 Smith published his first novel, "Mainlander" (4th Estate, a division of HarperCollins), a thriller about a schoolboy who goes missing on Jersey. "The Independent" described it as 'John le Carré meets Middlemarch', and ShortList called it a 'knockout'.


title: Will Smith (comedian)

text: Smith reflects on the difference between writing for television and writing a novel in "The Guardian". "The chain from author to reader is short and simple – agent, editor, proofreader, shop/website. In TV, the script will have to be signed off by producers, executive producers, genre commissioners and channel commissioners, and that’s still only a starting point". He cites as his influences John Cleese and Stephen Fry, as well as Charlotte Brontë and George Eliot.


title: Lexus SC

text: The is a grand tourer that was retailed by Lexus (a luxury vehicle division of Toyota), and built from 1991 until 2010. It features a front-engine, rear-wheel-drive design and seating for up to four passengers. The first-generation SC debuted as the V8-powered SC 400 in 1991, and the I6-powered SC 300 was added in 1992. Both first-generation models were produced until 2000. The second-generation model, the SC 430, went into production in 2001. The SC 430 features a hardtop convertible design and a V8 engine. The first-generation SC was largely styled in California at Calty, and the second-generation SC was mainly conceived at design studios in Europe.


title: Lexus SC

text: In Japan, the related third-generation Toyota Soarer, with which the first-generation SC originally shared body design and multiple components, featured a separate line-up of vehicle configurations and different powertrains. The third generation Soarer sport coupe, largely identical to the SC 430, was superseded by its Lexus counterpart in Japan when the Lexus marque débuted there in 2005. The SC was the sole coupé in the Lexus lineup until the arrival of the IS C. According to Lexus, the SC designation stands for Sport Coupe. The LC replaced the SC lineup in 2017.


title: Lexus SC

text: In the early 1990s, following the début of Lexus, automotive press reports indicated a forthcoming Full-size Lexus coupé to compete with other luxury GT coupés of other marques like the Mercedes-Benz CL, Acura Legend coupe and later the Acura CL, Mazda Eunos Cosmo, Buick Riviera, Cadillac Eldorado, Lincoln Mark VIII, Jaguar XJS, Bentley Continental, Maserati Shamal/Ghibli, Ferrari 456 and BMW 8 Series coupe. At that point, Toyota had no genuine luxury coupés in its model range. A coupe would complement the successful Lexus flagship model, the V8-powered, rear-wheel drive LS 400 sedan. The coupé was going to be targeted towards the American market, and the development effort for its exterior design was handed over to the Calty Design Research center in California in 1987.


title: Lexus SC

text: The American Calty design team took a different approach to designing the car, using plaster molding shapes to design the body, and working three-dimensionally instead of the traditional 2-D sketch approach. As described by design chiefs Denis Campbell and Erwin Lui, the result was a car that was based on "emotion and feeling" rather than linear aesthetics. The resulting design possessed almost no straight edges, and produced a drag coefficient of . The production design concept by Lui was approved at the beginning of 1989, resulting in Lui being sent back to Japan for 4 months to assist in completion of the production design. According to automotive journalist Bill Russ, the SC design was considered influential among automotive designs of the time.


title: Lexus SC

text: Production of the Soarer started in April 1991 at the Motomachi plant in Toyota, Aichi, with the Lexus SC produced alongside the Soarer at a second Higashi Fuji plant at Susono, Shizuoka. Motomachi-sourced cars lasted until April 1997. The Lexus SC platform was used to develop Toyota's next generation Supra, both vehicles were manufactured in the same plant.


title: Lexus SC

text: The SC 400 débuted on 1 June 1991 in the United States as a 1992 model. The SC 400's 4.0 L V8 "1UZ-FE", the same engine as used in the LS 400, was reported to have cost over in research and development. The engine sits behind the front axles, which makes it a front mid engine rear wheel drive vehicle. The SC 400 was honored as the "Motor Trend" Import Car of the Year for 1992. It also made "Car and Driver" magazine's Ten Best list from 1992 through 1996.


title: Lexus SC

text: In July 1992, the SC 300, a smaller-engined version of the SC 400, premiered in the United States. The SC 300 was equipped with a 3.0 L inline 6 "2JZ-GE". Lexus' traction control system, TRAC, was offered as an option.


title: Lexus SC

text: The first-generation SC lasted in production until 7 July 2000, over nine years, quite long compared to the other cars of the 1990s. Even with the SC's long production cycle, only minor exterior changes were made. New tail lighting and a modified spoiler design was part of the mid-cycle vehicle refresh. A front grille was added in 1996, along with a redesigned front bumper, side skirts and rocker panels. The SC 400 produced / from 1991 to 1995. The original 1991–1997 engines for the "2JZ-GE"-powered SC 300 were rated at /. The output of the SC 300 was 5 horsepower more than the equivalent engine used in the Toyota Supra.


title: Lexus SC

text: In 1996, the SC 400's "1UZ-FE" engine design was upgraded to from . These engines were coupled with a 4-speed automatic transmission on both the SC 300 and SC 400 models. A 5-speed manual transmission was only offered on the SC 300 from its debut until 1997.


title: Lexus SC

text: By the end of the decade, North American SC sales began dwindling due to the lack of significant design updates since the car's introduction and marketplace changes that led to loss of interest in coupes.


title: Lexus SC

text: In 1997 (1998 model year), both the SC 300 and 400 were upgraded with VVT-i and thus the ratings were raised to / of torque for the SC 400 and / of torque for the SC 300. Tests conducted on the new engines showed an acceleration for the SC 400 for years 1992–1995 of 0–60 mph in 6.9 seconds, years 1996–1997 in 6.7 seconds, and years 1998–2000 in 6.1 seconds. For the SC 300 an acceleration 0–60 mph in 6.8 seconds with the 5-speed manual and 7.2 seconds with the 4-speed automatic for all years. This 1997 upgrade included the replacement of the four-speed automatic on the SC 400 to a five-speed unit. With the replacement of the five-speed unit those models also got a new differential with a final drive of 3.27 improving both fuel economy and top speed.


title: Lexus SC

text: Sales of the automatic transmission SC 300 and SC 400 models formed the vast majority of models purchased. The Lexus SC 400 was never officially sold in the British Isles, but many examples found their way across the Atlantic as personal imports.


title: Lexus SC

text: At the 1999 Tokyo Motor Show, Lexus displayed its Sport Coupe concept, a V8-powered convertible, signifying its plans for a replacement for the first-generation SC 300/400. The production version of its new sports coupe-convertible, the SC 430, debuted at the New York Auto Show in April 2000. The car was scheduled to go on sale in the second quarter of the following year. Power was provided by a 4.3 L "3UZ-FE" V8 engine with variable valve timing (VVT-i) mated to a five-speed automatic transmission. This engine was the same model as that found in the UCF30 Lexus LS. The SC 430's V8 could produce 288 hp (215 kW) and of torque, allowing the coupe to go from 0–60 mph in 6.2 seconds.


title: Lexus SC

text: In contrast with the previous generation model, the redesigned Lexus SC was intended as a convertible from its inception. The development team was led by chief engineer Yasushi Nakagawa from 1996 to 2000. Lexus designers from Europe and Japan worked together to create a streamlined design. A design theme was chosen in 1997 developed by Sotiris Kovos, who in return was named chief designer. Led by Kovos, designers travelled to the Côte d'Azur to develop the vehicle's exterior shape, and studied the region's architecture, lifestyle, and harbors. The resulting convertible of 1998 received character lines similar to the region's yachts, in contrast with traditional waveform lines. The vehicle's side profile, the product of extensive wind tunnel testing, was intended to channel air around the passenger compartment at high speed during top-down driving. Design patents were filed in Japan, at the Japan Patent Office on 14 June 1999 under patent number 1095312.


title: Lexus SC

text: The SC 430 chassis featured a double-wishbone setup for both the front and rear wheels. The vehicle platform shared elements with the GS 430 sport sedan, including variable-assist power rack-and-pinion steering. Safety systems ranged from traction control to vehicle stability control. The convertible received a ULEV emissions certification rating.


title: Lexus SC

text: The SC 430 featured a retractable aluminium hardtop, all-leather interior with brushed-aluminum accents, navigation screen with folding wood panel, and 18-inch aluminium wheels. Chrome Lexus emblems were mounted on the back of the front seat headrests. The coupe has four seat belts and could technically seat four, but rear-seat space is limited. The hardtop fully retracts in 25 seconds. Standard luxury features include Burl Walnut or Bird's Eye Maple wood trim, a Mark Levinson premium sound system, DVD-based navigation system, and headlamp washers. For additional trunk space, as an option the SC 430 could be equipped with run-flat tires.


title: Lexus SC

text: At its launch, the SC 430 was marketed as the "jewel of Lexus", and as the marque's first convertible, was intended as a more ostentatious addition to the Lexus lineup. Reviewers from "Car and Driver" magazine praised the SC 430 for 2002 as "an unqualified success", calling it "comfortable, fast, smooth, and quiet" with "all of the virtues expected in a patrician roadster."


title: Lexus SC

text: In 2004, Lexus unveiled the Lexus SC "Pebble Beach Edition", a limited-production model of the SC. The special edition SC was produced in partnership with the Pebble Beach Company , and featured a unique exterior and interior color combination which changed with each model year. This edition was offered for model years 2004 through 2009 production of the Pebble Beach edition was limited to varying units each year (see table below for counts). Each Lexus SC Pebble Beach edition coupe exhibited: unique colors (changed each year), special badging (featuring the "Lone Cypress" logo) on the front fenders, center console, and floor mats. For the 2006 model, a rear spoiler and spider alloy wheels was also included. In October 2009 "Road & Track" published some pictures of that model year.


title: Lexus SC

text: In 2004 and 2005, J.D. Power and Associates' Initial Quality Survey awarded the SC 430 as the highest ranked premium luxury vehicle. Kelley Blue Book gave the SC 430 its Best to Hold Value Award in 2002. In June 2004, a custom-designed Carolina Herrera SC 430 was shown at the Madrid Motor Show. The special edition SC 430 CH used a 'Testa di Moro' body color, with matching interior leather and carpeting, along with designer logos on the wheels and door sills. A line of accessories was also developed for the vehicle.


title: Lexus SC

text: In 2012, Top Gear presenters Jeremy Clarkson and James May chose the Lexus SC 430 as the worst car ever built in their film "The Worst Car in the History of the World". They criticized its handling, ride and style, with May calling the ride "absolutely diabolical", and stated that a big manufacturer should have known better.