title: Blood on the Tracks (manga)

text: Seiichi Osabe is a shy middle school student living a relatively ordinary life. His mother, Seiko, is considered overprotective of him by others, although Seiichi is comfortable with the love and care from his mother and does not feel anything strange about her behavior. One day, Seiichi goes on a family hiking trip with his parents and paternal family. At one point, Seiichi's cousin, Shigeru, jokingly pushes Seiichi near a cliff edge, leading Seiko to quickly grab hold of Seiichi, protecting him from falling. The rest of the family starts laughing at Seiko over her "overprotective" act. A while later, Seiichi and Shigeru go to a higher cliff edge, and when Shigeru is on the cliff edge, Seiko, who was following them, approaches her nephew and pushes him off the cliff, giving a brief smile to her son. After the incident, where Shigeru is left in a comatose state and Seiichi was the only witness of what happened, he begins to discover how dangerous his mother's affection can become, and what follows is a series of events in which Seiichi's everyday life becomes a horror living under the disturbing protection of his own mother.


title: Blood on the Tracks (manga)

text: "Blood on the Tracks", written and illustrated by Shūzō Oshimi, began in Shogakukan's "seinen" manga magazine "Big Comic Superior" on February 24, 2017. According to Oshimi, the Bob Dylan album of the same name inspired the title for the series, but was not a major influence on the story. Shogakukan has compiled its chapters into individual "tankōbon" volumes. The first volume was published on September 8, 2017. As of April 28, 2022, thirteen volumes have been published.


title: Blood on the Tracks (manga)

text: In July 2019, Vertical announced that they have licensed the manga for an English language release in North America. The first volume was published on February 25, 2020. In July 2020, Kodansha USA announced the digital release of the manga, which started in August of the same year.


title: Blood on the Tracks (manga)

text: As of May 2020, the manga had over 1 million copies in circulation. As of June 2021, the manga had over 1.5 million copies in circulation. The series ranked 9th on "Kono Manga ga Sugoi!"s top 20 manga for male readers 2018. It was nominated for a Harvey Award in the Best Manga category in 2022. The series has been nominated for the 68th Shogakukan Manga Award in the general category in 2022.


title: Blood on the Tracks (manga)

text: Ian Wolf from "Anime UK News" praised the series' storytelling and Oshimi's artwork, highlighting the "detailed and sometimes disturbing close-ups" and "great views of the wilderness". Regarding the series' title, Wolf commented that something from Pink Floyd's "The Wall", in which "the narrator has issues with his domineering mother", would have been more fitting. Wolf concluded: ""Blood on the Tracks" has been thrilling reading so far, and it will be interesting to see where Oshimi takes the story".


title: Luka Chuppi

text: Luka Chuppi () is a 2019 Indian Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy film directed by Laxman Utekar and produced by Dinesh Vijan's Maddock Films. Set in Mathura, it is about a television reporter who cohabits with his headstrong intern and chaos ensues when their traditional families assume them to be married to each other. It stars Kartik Aaryan and Kriti Sanon in lead roles, with Aparshakti Khurana, Pankaj Tripathi, Vinay Pathak and Alka Amin in supporting roles. Written by Rohan Shankar, it was distributed by AA Films and Jio Studios.


title: Luka Chuppi

text: Principal photography for the film began in August 2018 and was completed the following month; it released theatrically worldwide on 1 March 2019. It was a commercial success at the box office, with a total gross collection of .


title: Luka Chuppi

text: Vishnu Trivedi, a failing politician in the small town of Mathura, campaigns to ban live-in relationships, seeing them as a disgrace to the Indian conservative culture. At the same time, his party begins to lead an all-out campaign against film star Nazeem Khan, who is allegegdly in a live-in relationship with his girlfriend, exactly the cause behind his grudge against live-in relationships.


title: Luka Chuppi

text: Vishnu's daughter Rashmi takes up an internship at a local news channel, and starts working with the channel's star reporter Vinod "Guddu" Shukla and his best friend, cameraman Abbas Sheikh. Guddu and Rashmi fall in love and Guddu proposes to her. Not ready for marriage, she suggests a live-in relationship, but he, being more traditional and somewhat scared of Vishnu, disagrees. As a compromise, Abbas suggests trying a live-in relationship during their 20-day business trip to Gwalior. The couple agree.


title: Luka Chuppi

text: They rent an apartment in a conservative area by pretending to be a married couple. Eventually, they get closer and have sex several times. Their nosy neighbor, Mrs. Srivastava, sees them during one such act and becomes suspicious of their marital status. To further complicate problems, they mix-up their answers when asked about their wedding-date. She plans to gather the neighborhood to oust the couple next morning, but Guddu and Rashmi come up with fake photographs and wedding mementos overnight, leaving her plans adrift. At the end of twenty days, he reaffirms his love and she accepts his marriage proposal. Before they can leave Gwalior, Guddu's relative Babulal sees the two together, follows them, sees the wedding pictures, and assumes that they eloped.


title: Luka Chuppi

text: The next morning, Babulal brings Guddu's entire family to their house and they chastise him for eloping. Guddu and Rashmi, realising that the family would willingly accept a marriage but not a cohabitation, do not admit the truth. All of them go back to Mathura to meet Rashmi's family and tell them about it. Vishnu, however, is happy to hear that his daughter decided to get married instead of cohabiting. He even details the deadly consequences, should they have cohabited instead. Scared, the couple fails to admit the truth.


title: Luka Chuppi

text: Although they begin living like a married couple, they resent the fact that they are not legally married. They make multiple attempts to get married in secret, but are intruded every time; in a last-ditch attempt, they try to get married in a mass marriage event. Vishnu, however, being the chief guest, catches them red-handed. Exasperated, they admit that they had been cohabiting.


title: Luka Chuppi

text: Once his family, too, catches up, Guddu reveals to Vishnu that the main reason for his loss in elections is his reluctance to change; since the majority of the voting group is the young generation, which believes in modernity, opposing the youth's methods would equal lack of support from them. He successfully convinces Vishnu to stop opposing live-in relationships and finally marries Rashmi with his blessings.


title: Luka Chuppi

text: The story ends with Guddu and Rashmi covering a rally led by Vishnu, who is shown to have joined hands with Nazeem for his election campaign.


title: Luka Chuppi

text: Principal photography for the film began in Gwalior on 1 August 2018 and was completed in Mathura in September 2018. The film was released on 1 March 2019. "Bollywood Hungama" put the film's estimated budget at crore, which included print and advertising costs. "Box Office India" estimated the film's budget as crore.


title: Luka Chuppi

text: The first poster of the film was released on 23 January 2019. Producer Dinesh Vijan refused to release the film in Pakistan in the aftermath of the 2019 Pulwama Attack. It released theatrically worldwide on 1 March 2019.


title: Luka Chuppi

text: The music of the film was composed by Tanishk Bagchi, Abhijit Vaghani and White Noise. All the songs of the film are remakes of popular songs, thus making it a remix album.


title: Luka Chuppi

text: Taran Adarsh, giving it 3.5/5 stars, tweeted a one-line review, "a situational comedy with a message... Relatable premise, clean humour, foot tapping music, loads of entertainment... Superb climax... Kartik Aaryan top notch, Kriti Sanon damn good. Recommended!"


title: Luka Chuppi

text: Bollywood Hungama, appreciated the acting and comedy but found the cinematography "average" and the production design "satisfactory". They wrote "Luka Chuppi is a funny take on the modern relationships laced with dollops of situational and funny moments." Appreciating the acting, they continued "Kartik Aaryan once again is in a great form. His boyish looks work instantly but it's his performance that makes it even more endearing. Kriti Sanon has a fantastic screen presence and maintains a strong position." "Filmfare" wrote, "Kriti Sanon is spontaneous throughout and seems to be finding her feet in comedy, having a gala time of it all in the process. Kartik Aaryan displays wholesome charm and plays his part perfectly. Aparshakti instils the fun with minute shrugs and gestures and keeps it subtle but effective nonetheless."


title: Luka Chuppi

text: Komal Nahta wrote, "Kartik Aryan does a fine job as Guddu. His acting is effortless and he is the best when he is helpless in the second half. Kriti Sanon looks very pretty and plays Rashmi ably." He gave Pankaj Tripathi "full marks" for his portrayal of Babulal." Aashu Mishra from ABP News said, "Luka Chuppi is an easy breezy and crazy drama with an underlying layer of dark satire and social statement on moral policing and communal biases in small towns. The crackling chemistry between Kartik Aryan and Kriti Sanon is bang on and looks refreshing."


title: Luka Chuppi

text: Collecting , "Luka Chuppi" became the fourth highest opening-day grosser of 2019 in Bollywood. Having collected and on its second and third days respectively, the film's opening weekend total became , making it one of 2019's highest opening weekend collection of a Bollywood film.


title: Luka Chuppi

text: , the worldwide gross of the film is crore, with domestic gross of crore and overseas gross of crore. Thus, the film was a financial success.


title: Luka Chuppi

text: A sequel named "Luka Chuppi 2" is set to be produced by Dinesh Vijan under Maddock Films, it may tell the story of a couple going through divorce with the families being unaware. The film was planned to go into production in 2020, but the production was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging

text: Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging (also known as Angus, Thongs and Full-Frontal Snogging) is a 2008 teen romantic comedy film co-written and directed by Gurinder Chadha, based on the young adult novels "Angus, Thongs and Full-Frontal Snogging" (1999) and "It's OK, I'm Wearing Really Big Knickers" (2000) by Louise Rennison. The film stars Georgia Groome, Alan Davies, Karen Taylor, Aaron Johnson and Eleanor Tomlinson. The plot follows 14-year-old Georgia Nicholson (Groome) as she tries to find a boyfriend while also organising her 15th-birthday party.


title: Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging

text: Fourteen-year-old Georgia lives in Eastbourne with her parents Connie and Bob and little sister Libby. She is insecure about her appearance and fears she will never have a boyfriend. On the first day of the new school term, Georgia and her friends Jas, Ellen and Rosie spot fraternal twin brothers Robbie and Tom, who have recently moved to Eastbourne from London.


title: Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging

text: Georgia and Jas decide to approach the brothers in their mother's organic foodshop, where they work. Jas is quickly enamored with Tom and Georgia strikes up a conversation with Robbie. However, they soon discover that Robbie is dating Lindsay, the most popular girl in school. After learning that Robbie likes cats, Georgia pretends that her cat Angus has gone missing and asks Robbie for help finding him. Jas has Angus on a leash in the park, but he escapes and Tom rescues him just as Georgia and Robbie arrive. Robbie leaves to spend time with Lindsay and Tom asks Jas on a date, after which they become a couple.


title: Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging

text: Bob moves to New Zealand for a job, while the rest of the family stays in England. During his absence, Connie hires a handsome builder, Jem, to redo the living room, and begins to spend increasingly longer periods of time with him, prompting Georgia to worry about the state of her parents' marriage.


title: Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging

text: In an attempt to impress Robbie, Georgia takes "snogging lessons" with Peter Dyer, who becomes infatuated with her. When Peter tries to kiss her at a party, he ends up embarrassing her in front of Robbie, Lindsay, Jas and Tom. In order to evade Peter, Georgia lies to him about being a lesbian. When Tom invites Jas to go swimming with him and Robbie, Georgia tags along. While in the pool, Robbie and Georgia kiss. Robbie then leaves, but promises to call Georgia later.


title: Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging

text: After not hearing from Robbie in a while, Georgia is heartbroken. She decides to make Robbie jealous so that he realises his feelings for her. She invites Robbie's best friend, Dave, to a concert by Robbie's band, the Stiff Dylans. Upon seeing Georgia and Dave dancing and laughing, Robbie tries to talk to her but is stopped by Lindsay.


title: Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging

text: At school, Dave confronts Georgia about using him to make Robbie jealous. Upon learning what Georgia did to Dave, Robbie severs ties with her. Georgia discovers it was Jas that accidentally leaked this information. After Georgia kicks Jas in the shin during an argument, they vow never to speak to each other again. Shortly afterwards, Robbie tells Georgia he was considering breaking up with Lindsay before becoming involved with her, but now he is disappointed with her recent behaviour.


title: Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging

text: Devastated, Georgia decides that she would like to move to New Zealand. She stops by her father's workplace and breaks down in tears with a woman who works with him, telling her she does not want her family to be apart from each other. She later goes to the beach, knowing Robbie would be there, and apologises to him. Robbie reveals he ended things with Lindsay and admits he still likes Georgia.


title: Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging

text: On Georgia's 15th birthday, Connie takes her to a nightclub for the first time. The place initially seems empty, but Georgia's friends and family soon show up to reveal a surprise birthday party, which Jas secretly organised with Connie. Georgia and Jas make amends. Bob returns from New Zealand, deciding to stay in Eastbourne for a better job opportunity, after his boss told him about Georgia's breakdown. It is also revealed that Jem is gay and his boyfriend owns the club. The Stiff Dylans are performing the song "Ultraviolet", which Robbie wrote about Georgia, when they are interrupted by Lindsay, who arrives from her own party (which no one attended) and demands that Robbie choose between her and Georgia. He chooses Georgia, kissing her onstage. Jas pulls out Lindsay's breast pads and tosses them into the crowd, prompting a furious Lindsay to storm off.


title: Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging

text: Ultimately, Georgia is content with her eccentric family and realises she does not need to change her appearance, as her boyfriend Robbie likes her the way she is.


title: Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging

text: Most of the scenes were filmed on location in Brighton and Eastbourne. Others, such as the gig scene and some interiors and exteriors for Georgia's house, were filmed in and around Ealing Studios, London. Areas in nearby west London like Bishopshalt school in Hillingdon and the Liquid nightclub in Uxbridge were used as well. Other sites include locations in Teddington and Twickenham. Costumes included green blazers and kilts borrowed from St. Bede's Prep School in Eastbourne, and props included Eastbourne's signature blue bins to add to the effect and continuity when filming in multiple locations.


title: Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging

text: "Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging" was the first film produced by Nickelodeon Movies to receive a restrictive PG-13 rating.


title: Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging

text: The film received positive reviews. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 73% based on reviews from 26 critics, with an average score of 5.9/10. The site's critics consensus states: "Based on two of British writer Louise Rennison's popular books, "Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging" is a pleasant and funny tween comedy, comfortable for UK audiences as well as stateside crowds."


title: Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging

text: Critics noted the strong central performance of Georgia Groome, who was praised for her "super-engaging" performance.


title: Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging

text: The film has earned $14,924,919, which includes $10,627,381 (£6.6 million) from the UK alone. The film was in the top 40 in the UK and Ireland and Malta 2008 box office. The film was not released theatrically in the United States, but instead had its U.S. premiere on Nick at Nite and TeenNick and was later was released on DVD.


title: Khalifa International Stadium

text: Khalifa International Stadium (, , ) is a multi-purpose stadium located in Al Rayyan, Qatar, around west from the centre of Doha. Its ground comprises a running track and a grass pitch. Opened in 1976, the stadium was named after then-Emir of Qatar Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, and under the ownership of the Qatar Football Association, it serves as the primary home ground of the Qatar men's national football team. Its current fully-roofed, 45,857-seat configuration was opened in 2017, following a previous reconfiguration in 2005 that incorporated the stadium into the Aspire Zone complex and added a roofed grandstand; boosting its capacity from 20,000 to 40,000.


title: Khalifa International Stadium

text: Khalifa has hosted numerous international association football and athletics events throughout its history. Track and field events at the 2006 Asian Games, 2011 Pan Arab Games, and 2019 World Athletics Championships were held at the stadium, and World Athletics has since organised the annual Doha Diamond League event there as part of its Diamond League series. In the future, Khalifa is planned to host track and field events at the 2030 Asian Games. In association football, the stadium hosted matches during the 2022 FIFA World Cup, the 2019 FIFA Club World Cup, the 1995 FIFA World Youth Championship, the 2011 AFC Asian Cup, and three editions of the Arabian Gulf Cup. The final of the Emir of Qatar Cup is also occasionally played at the stadium.


title: Khalifa International Stadium

text: Khalifa International Stadium opened in 1976, ahead of the 4th Arabian Gulf Cup, with a mostly symmetrical stadium bowl and a basic roof covering the upper seats of the stadium's western stand. The stadium hosted all 22 games of the tournament, which was won by Kuwait. Sixteen years later, the stadium once again hosted all 15 games of the 11th Arabian Gulf Cup in 1992, which saw hosts Qatar win the Arabian Gulf Cup the very first time.


title: Khalifa International Stadium

text: A 2021 investigation by "The Guardian" revealed that over 6,500 migrant workers from Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Nepal and Sri Lanka died between 2010 and 2020 during construction of World Cup venues in Qatar. The figures used by "The Guardian" did not include occupation or place of work so deaths could not be definitively associated with the World Cup construction programme, but "a very significant proportion of the migrant workers who have died since 2011 were only in the country because Qatar won the right to host the World Cup." Commenting on the investigation, "Construction News" noted, first, a 2014 BBC "Newsnight" investigation that claimed migrant workers employed by Carillion subcontractors in Qatar were forced to work in unsafe conditions and had wages withheld; secondly, it recalled a 2019 report by the Business and Human Rights Resource Centre showing construction firms working in Qatar and the UAE were "failing" to protect workers' rights – firms included former Carillion subsidiary Al-Futtaim Carillion, Interserve, Laing O'Rourke, Multiplex and Vinci QDVC.


title: Khalifa International Stadium

text: In preparation for Doha's hosting of the 2006 Asian Games, Khalifa International Stadium was renovated with a complete remodelling of the stadium's western stand, which transformed it into a grandstand with a second tier and a new roof that covered all the seats. Over the eastern side, a large arch with additional light fixtures were added, which was used as a platform; this was used during the games' opening ceremony to launch fireworks from. The stadium's reconfiguration in 2005 was part of the larger Doha Sports City urban renewal project in Al Rayyan, later known as the Aspire Zone complex. Today, it includes the Aspire Academy, Hamad Aquatic Centre, and the Aspire Tower. The ceremonies and track and field events of the 2011 Pan Arab Games were also held at Khalifa a few years later.


title: Khalifa International Stadium

text: After the rights to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup were awarded to Qatar in December 2010, Khalifa International Stadium was reconfigured again to stage matches during the tournament. An initial plan to upgrade the stadium's capacity to at least 68,000 was mulled but later revised. The final design by international architecture firm Dar Al-Handasah, saw the stadium's capacity boosted to 45,857 with the addition of a new tier on the eastern stand, and a new roof covering the entire stadium was built. Upon its reopening in 2017, it became the first stadium to receive a four-star rating from the FIFA-endorsed Global Sustainability Assessment System of the Middle East and North Africa, and was the first of the eight venues of the FIFA World Cup to open. Allegations of poor treatment of migrant workers in Qatar have since extended to the stadium's renovation, and at least one worker from the United Kingdom was confirmed to have died during its construction. Since its reopening, the stadium hosted the 2019 World Athletics Championships, and three matches of the 2019 FIFA Club World Cup, including its final.


title: Max Mallowan

text: Sir Max Edgar Lucien Mallowan (6 May 1904 – 19 August 1978) was a prominent British archaeologist, specialising in ancient Middle Eastern history. He was the second husband of Dame Agatha Christie.


title: Max Mallowan

text: Born Edgar Mallowan in Wandsworth on 6 May 1904, he was the son of Frederick Mallowan and his wife Marguerite (née Duvivier), whose mother was mezzo-soprano Marthe Duvivier.


title: Max Mallowan

text: His father's family was from Austria. He was educated at Rokeby School and Lancing College (where he was a contemporary of Evelyn Waugh) and studied classics at New College, Oxford.


title: Max Mallowan

text: He first worked as an apprentice to Leonard Woolley at the archaeological site of Ur (1925–1930), which was thought to be the capital of Mesopotamian civilization. It was at the Ur site, in 1930, that he first met Agatha Christie, the famous author, whom he married the same year. In 1932, after a short time working at Nineveh with Reginald Campbell Thompson, Mallowan became a field director for a series of expeditions jointly run by the British Museum and the British School of Archaeology in Iraq. His excavations included the prehistoric village at Tell Arpachiyah, and the sites at Chagar Bazar and Tell Brak in the Upper Khabur area (Syria). He was also the first to excavate archaeological sites in the Balikh Valley, to the west of the Khabur basin.


title: Max Mallowan

text: Following the outbreak of the Second World War he served with the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve in North Africa, being based for part of 1943 at the ancient city of Sabratha in Libya. He was commissioned as a pilot officer on probation in the Administrative and Special Duties Branch on 11 February 1941, promoted flying officer on 18 August 1941, flight lieutenant on 1 April 1943 and at some point he also held the rank of wing commander. He resigned his commission on 10 February 1954, but was permitted to retain that rank in retirement.


title: Max Mallowan

text: After the war, in 1947, he was appointed Professor of Western Asiatic Archaeology at the University of London, a position which he held until elected a fellow of All Souls College, Oxford in 1962. In 1947, he also became director of the British School of Archaeology in Iraq (1947–1961) and directed the resumption of its work at Nimrud (previously excavated by A. H. Layard), which he published in "Nimrud and its Remains" (2 volumes, 1966). Mallowan gave an account of his work in "Twenty-five Years of Mesopotamian Discovery" (1956) and his wife Agatha Christie described his work in Syria in "Come, Tell Me How You Live" (1946).


title: Max Mallowan

text: Max's first wife, Lady Mallowan, known to millions as Agatha Christie, died in 1976; the following year, Mallowan married Barbara Hastings Parker, an archaeologist, who had been his epigraphist at Nimrud and Secretary of the British School of Archaeology in Iraq.


title: Max Mallowan

text: Mallowan was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1960 Queen's Birthday Honours, and knighted in 1968. He gave the 1969 Albert Reckitt Archaeological Lecture. He and Dame Agatha Christie were among a number of married couples each of whom held knightly honours in their own right.


title: Max Mallowan

text: He died on 19 August 1978, aged 74, at Greenway House in Devon and was interred alongside his first wife, Dame Agatha, in the churchyard of St Mary's, Cholsey in Oxfordshire. His estate was valued at £524,054. His widow Barbara, the second Lady Mallowan, died in Wallingford in 1993, at the age of 85.


title: For What It's Worth

text: "For What It's Worth (Stop, Hey What's That Sound)" (often referred to as simply "For What It's Worth") is a song written by Stephen Stills. Performed by Buffalo Springfield, it was recorded on December 5, 1966, released as a single on Atco Records on December 23, 1966, and peaked at No. 7 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart in the spring of 1967.


title: For What It's Worth

text: It was later added to the March 1967 second pressing of their first album, "Buffalo Springfield". The title was added after the song was written, and does not appear in the lyrics.


title: For What It's Worth

text: Although "For What It's Worth" is often considered an anti-war song, Stephen Stills was inspired to write the song because of the Sunset Strip curfew riots in Los Angeles in November 1966, a series of early counterculture-era clashes that took place between police and young people on the Sunset Strip in Hollywood, California, the same year Buffalo Springfield had become the house band at the Whisky a Go Go. Local residents and businesses had become annoyed by how crowds of young people going to clubs and music venues along the Strip had caused late-night traffic congestion. In response, they lobbied Los Angeles County to pass local ordinances stopping loitering, and enforced a strict curfew on the Strip after 10 p.m. The young music fans, however, felt the new laws infringed upon their civil rights.


title: For What It's Worth

text: On Saturday, November 12, 1966, fliers were distributed on the Sunset Strip inviting people to join demonstrations later that day. Several of Los Angeles's rock radio stations also announced a rally outside the Pandora's Box club on the corner of Sunset Boulevard and Crescent Heights. That evening, as many as 1,000 young demonstrators, including future celebrities such as Jack Nicholson and Peter Fonda (who was handcuffed by police) gathered to protest against the curfew's enforcement. Although the rallies began peacefully, trouble eventually broke out. The unrest continued the next night, and periodically throughout the rest of November and December, forcing some clubs to shut down within weeks. It was against the background of these civil disturbances that Stills recorded "For What It's Worth" on December 5, 1966.


title: For What It's Worth

text: "Cash Box" said the single is a "throbbing, infectious protester circling 'round the current happenings in Cal."


title: For What It's Worth

text: Stills said in an interview that the name of the song came about when he presented it to the record company executive Ahmet Ertegun (who signed Buffalo Springfield to the Atlantic Records-owned ATCO label). Stills said "I have this song here, for what it's worth, if you want it." Another producer, Charlie Greene, claims that Stills first said the above line to him, but credits Ahmet Ertegun with giving the single the parenthetical subtitle "Stop, Hey What's That Sound" in order that the song would be more easily recognized.


title: For What It's Worth

text: The song was recorded on December 5, 1966, at Columbia Studios, Hollywood. Tom Dowd claimed he mixed the song at Atlantic's studio in New York, though this has been disputed. Dowd did take part in the production of Cher's version of the song in 1969. One of the most recognizable elements of the song is Neil Young's use of guitar harmonics.


title: For What It's Worth

text: "For What It's Worth" quickly became a well-known protest song. In 2006, when interviewed on Tom Kent's radio show "Into the '70s", Stills pointed out that many people think the song is about the Kent State shootings of 1970, even though its release predates that event by over three years. Neil Young—Stills's bandmate in both Buffalo Springfield and Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young (CSNY)—would later write "Ohio" in response to the events at Kent State.


title: For What It's Worth

text: An all-star version of "For What It's Worth", with Tom Petty and others, was played at Buffalo Springfield's induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997; Neil Young did not attend the event.


title: For What It's Worth

text: The song is a staple of period piece films about 1960s America and the Vietnam War, such as "Forrest Gump", and often used as a common shorthand to quickly establish the atmosphere of 1960s counterculture movement and protests.


title: For What It's Worth

text: The song appears in the intro to the 2005 film "Lord of War", showing the lifecycle of a bullet, from manufacture to firing.


title: For What It's Worth

text: On August 17, 2020, Billy Porter sang "For What It's Worth" for the 2020 Democratic National Convention backed by Stephen Stills on guitar, a nod to the song's resurgent use in the summer 2020 American protests.


title: For What It's Worth

text: "For What It's Worth" has been covered, sampled, and referenced in numerous musical performances. Versions include those by the Staple Singers (US #66 in 1967)(CAN #46 in 1967), Art (1967 single from "Supernatural Fairy Tales"), Ken Lyon & Tombstone, Rush, Cher, the Candyskins, Oui 3 (UK #28), Queensrÿche (on their album "Take Cover"), Miriam Makeba (on her album "Keep Me in Mind"), Ozzy Osbourne and (həd) (retitled "Children"). Cher's 1969 cover did not make the "Billboard" Hot 100; AllMusic retrospectively called her version "mature [and] forceful".


title: For What It's Worth

text: Sergio Mendes and Brasil'66 recorded a version of this song. It reached #10 in the Adult Contemporary Music Chart on September 19, 1970. Singer Karen Philipp suggested to Sergio that he should cover the song. Karen does all of the vocals for this song by overdubbing. Two versions of this song exist: The mono 45 has a more extreme overdubbing of Karen's vocals with a different organ solo than the LP. The LP version is in stereo with a different vocal arrangement.


title: For What It's Worth

text: David Cassidy recorded an extended live version for his 1974 album "Cassidy Live!" (Bell Records, UK #9; recorded live in Great Britain in May 1974).


title: For What It's Worth

text: In 1998, Les Rythmes Digitales released a version under the title "(Hey You) What's That Sound?", a track from their album "Darkdancer".


title: For What It's Worth

text: On episode 2.21 of "The Muppet Show", originally airing 19 February 1978, "For What It's Worth" is performed by an opossum (Jerry Nelson) and a chorus of woodland animals. The third verse is rewritten by an uncredited writer to give the song an anti-hunting theme.


title: For What It's Worth

text: The hip-hop group Public Enemy sampled "For What It's Worth" on their 1998 song "He Got Game", which featured Stephen Stills reprising his vocal performance from the original song. Oui 3 adapted the song for their 1993 debut single of the same name, which reached number 26 in the UK chart.


title: For What It's Worth

text: In 2017, Haley Reinhart released a cover of the song as the third single from her third studio album, "What's That Sound?" In 2018, the Lone Bellow released a cover of the song as a single. In 2022 Stevie Nicks released a cover of it as well, not to be confused with her 2011 song of the same name.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Tegucigalpa (, , ), formally Tegucigalpa, Municipality of the Central District ( or "Tegucigalpa, M.D.C."), and colloquially referred to as Tegus or Teguz, is the capital and largest city of Honduras along with its twin sister, .


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Claimed on 29 September 1578 by the Spaniards, Tegucigalpa became the country's capital on October 30, 1880, under President Marco Aurelio Soto, when he moved the capital from Comayagua. The Constitution of Honduras, enacted in 1982, names the sister cities of Tegucigalpa and Comayagüela as a Central District to serve as the permanent national capital, under articles 8 and 295.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: After the dissolution of the Federal Republic of Central America in 1841, Honduras became an individual sovereign nation with Comayagua as its capital. The capital was moved to Tegucigalpa in 1880. On January 30, 1937, Article 179 of the 1936 Honduran Constitution was changed under Decree 53 to establish Tegucigalpa and Comayagüela as a Central District.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Tegucigalpa is located in the southern-central highland region known as the department of Francisco Morazán of which it is also the departmental capital. It is situated in a valley, surrounded by mountains. Tegucigalpa and Comayagüela, being sister cities, are physically separated by the Choluteca River. The Central District is the largest of the 28 municipalities in the Francisco Morazán department.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Tegucigalpa is Honduras' largest and most populous city as well as the nation's political and administrative center. Tegucigalpa is host to 25 foreign embassies and 16 consulates. It is the home base of several state-owned entities such as ENEE and Hondutel, the national energy and telecommunications companies, respectively. The city is also home to the country's most important public university, the National Autonomous University of Honduras, as well as the national soccer team. The capital's international airport, Toncontín.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The Central District Mayor's Office ("Alcaldia Municipal del Distrito Central") is the city's governing body, headed by a mayor and 10 aldermen forming the Municipal Corporation ("Corporación Municipal"). Being the department's seat as well, the governor's office of Francisco Morazán is also located in the capital. In 2008, the city operated on an approved budget of 1.555 billion lempiras (US$82,189,029). In 2009, the city government reported a revenue of 1.955 billion lempiras (US$103,512,220), more than any other capital city in Central America except Panama City.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Tegucigalpa's infrastructure has not kept up with its population growth. Deficient urban planning, densely condensed urbanization, and poverty are ongoing problems. Heavily congested roadways, where road infrastructure is unable to efficiently handle over 400,000 vehicles, create havoc on a daily basis. Both national and local governments have taken steps to improve and expand infrastructure as well as to reduce poverty in the city.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Most sources indicate the origin and meaning of the word "Tegucigalpa" is derived from the Nahuatl language. The most widely accepted version suggests that it comes from the Nahuatl word "Taguz-galpa", which means "hills of silver", but this interpretation is uncertain since the natives who occupied the region at the time were unaware of the existence of mineral deposits in the area.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Another source suggests that "Tegucigalpa" derives from another language in which it means "painted rocks", as explained by Leticia Oyuela in her book "Minimum History of Tegucigalpa". Other theories indicate it may derive from the term "Togogalpa", which refers to "tototi" (meaning a small green parrot, in Nahuatl) and "Toncontín", a small town near Tegucigalpa (toncotín was a Mexican dance of Nahuatl origin).


title: Tegucigalpa

text: In Mexico, it is believed the word "Tegucigalpa" is from the Nahuatl word "Tecuztlicallipan", meaning "place of residence of the noble" or "Tecuhtzincalpan", meaning "place on the home of the beloved master".


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Honduran philologist Alberto de Jesús Membreño, in his book "Indigenous Toponymies of Central America", states that Tegucigalpa is a Nahuatl word meaning "in the homes of the sharp stones" and rules out the traditional meaning "hills of silver" arguing that Taguzgalpa was the name of the ancient eastern zone of Honduras.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Tegucigalpa was founded by Spanish settlers as "Real de Minas de San Miguel de Tegucigalpa" on September 29, 1578 on the site of an existing native settlement of the Lenca and Tolupans. The first mayor of Tegucigalpa was "Juan de la Cueva", who took office in 1579. The Dolores Church (1735), the San Miguel Cathedral (1765), the "Casa de la Moneda" (1780), and the Immaculate Conception Church (1788) were some of the first important buildings constructed.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Almost 200 years later, on June 10, 1762, this mining town became "Real Villa de San Miguel de Tegucigalpa y Heredia" under the rule of Alonso Fernández de Heredia, then-acting governor of Honduras. The late 18th and early 19th centuries saw disruption in Tegucigalpa's local government, from being extinguished in 1788 to becoming part of Comayagua in 1791 to returning to self-city governance in 1817.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: In 1817, then-Mayor Narciso Mallol started the construction of the first bridge, a ten-arch masonry, connecting both sides of the Choluteca River. Upon completion four years later, it linked Tegucigalpa with her neighbor city of Comayagüela. In 1821, Tegucigalpa legally became a city. In 1824, the first Congress of the Republic of Honduras declared Tegucigalpa and Comayagua, then the two most important cities in the country, to alternate as capital of the country.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: After October 1838, following Honduras' independence as a single republic, the capital continued to switch back and forth between Tegucigalpa and Comayagua until October 30, 1880, when Tegucigalpa was declared the permanent capital of Honduras by then-president Marco Aurelio Soto. A popular myth claims that the society of Comayagua, the long-time colonial capital of Honduras, publicly disliked the wife of President Soto, who took revenge by moving the capital to Tegucigalpa. A more likely theory is that the change took place because President Soto was an important partner of the Rosario Mining Company, an American silver mining company, whose operations were based in San Juancito, close to Tegucigalpa, and he needed to be close to his personal interests.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: By 1898, it was decided that both Tegucigalpa and Comayagüela, being neighbor cities on the banks of the Choluteca River, would form the capital, but with separate names and separate local governments. During this period, both cities had a population of about 40,000 people.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Between the 1930s and 1960s, Tegucigalpa continued to grow reaching a population of over 250,000 people, giving way to what would become one of the biggest neighborhoods in the city, the "Colonia Kennedy"; the nation's autonomous university, the UNAH; and the construction of the "Honduras Maya Hotel". It still remained relatively small and provincial until the 1970s, when migration from the rural areas began in earnest. During the 1980s, several avenues, traffic overpasses, and large buildings were erected, a relative novelty to a city characterized until then by two-story buildings. However, lacking the enforcement of city planning and zoning laws, it led to highly disorganized urbanization. This lack of proper urbanization as the population has grown is evident on the surrounding slopes of the several hills in the city where some of the city's most impoverished neighborhoods have prevailed.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: On October 30, 1998, Hurricane Mitch devastated the capital, along with the rest of Honduras. For five days, Mitch pounded the country creating devastating landslides and floods, causing the death of thousands as well as heavy deforestation and the destruction of thousands of homes. A portion of Comayagüela was destroyed along with several neighborhoods on both sides of the Honduran capital. After the hurricane, infrastructure in Tegucigalpa was severely damaged. Even 12 years later, remnants of Hurricane Mitch were still visible, especially along the banks of the Choluteca River.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Today, Tegucigalpa continues to sprawl far beyond its former colonial core: towards the east, south and west, creating a large but disorganized metropolis. In an effort to modernize the capital, increase its infrastructure and improve the quality of life of its inhabitants, the administration has passed several ordinances and projects to turn the city around within the upcoming years.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Tegucigalpa is located on a chain of mountains with elevations of at its lowest points and at its highest suburban areas. Like most of the interior highlands of Honduras, the majority of Tegucigalpa's current area was occupied by open woodland. The area surrounding the city continues to be open woodland supporting pine forest interspersed with some oak, scrub, and grassy clearings as well as needle leaf evergreen and broadleaf deciduous forest.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The metropolitan area of both Tegucigalpa and Comayagüela covers a total area of while the entire Municipality of the Central District covers a total area of . Geological faults that are a threat to the neighborhoods on and below the hill have been identified in the District's high regions surrounding the capital.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The Choluteca River, which crosses the city from south to north, physically separates Tegucigalpa and Comayagüela. El Picacho Hill, a rugged mountain of moderate height, rises above the downtown area; several neighborhoods, both upscale residential and lower income, are located on its slopes. The city consists of gentle hills, and the ring of mountains surrounding the city tends to trap pollution. During the dry season, a dense cloud of smog lingers in the basin until the first rains fall.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Tucked into a valley and bisected by a river, Tegucigalpa is prone to flooding during the rainy season, as experienced to the fullest during Hurricane Mitch and to a lesser degree every year during the rainy season. Despite being several thousand feet above sea level, the city lacks an efficient flood control system, including canals and sewerage powerful enough to channel rainwater back into the river to flow down to the ocean. The river itself is a threat since it isn't deep enough below the streets, nor are there levees high enough to prevent it from breaking out. There are more than 100 neighborhoods deemed "zones of high risk", several of them ruled out as uninhabitable in their entirety.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: There is a reservoir, known as "Embalse Los Laureles", west of the city providing 30 percent of the city's water supply as well as a water treatment plant south of the city about from the airport; part of the "Concepción Reservoir" just southwest of the water plant.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The Central District shares borders with 13 other municipalities of Francisco Morazán: (to the north) Cedros and Talanga; (south) Ojojona, Santa Ana, San Buenaventura and Maraita; (east) San Juan de Flores, Villa de San Francisco, Santa Lucía, Valle de Ángeles, San Antonio de Oriente, and Tatumbla; (and to the west) Lepaterique. It is also bordered on the west by two municipalities of the Comayagua Department, Villa de San Antonio and Lamaní, with the latter exactly at the quadripoint where the Central District, Lepaterique, Villa de San Antonio and Lamaní all meet.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Tegucigalpa has a tropical savanna climate ("Aw", according to the Köppen climate classification), milder due to the elevation and with two distinct seasons: the rainy season, and the dry season. Like much of central Honduras, the city has a tropical climate, though tempered by the altitude—meaning less humid than the lower valleys and the coastal regions—with median temperatures averaging between and degrees.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The months of December and January are coolest, with an average min/ low temperature of ; whereas March and April—popularly associated with Holy Week's holidays—are hottest and temperatures can reach up to degrees on the hottest day. The dry season lasts from November through April and the rainy season from May through October. There is an average of 107 rainy days in the year, June and September usually the wettest months.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The average sunshine hours per month during the year is 211.2 and the average rainy days per month is 8.9. The average sunshine hours during the dry season is 228 per month while is the average monthly precipitation during the wet season. The wettest months of the rainy season are May—June and September—October, averaging 16.2 rainy days during each of those periods.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Tegucigalpa, as with the rest of Honduras, experienced significant damage by Hurricane Mitch in late-October and early-November 1998, something of a magnitude Hondurans had not witnessed since Hurricane Fifi. Mitch destroyed part of the Comayagüela section of the city, as well as other places along the banks of the Choluteca River. The storm remained over Honduran territory for five days, dumping heavy rainfall late in the rainy season. The ground was already saturated and could not absorb the heavy precipitation, while deforestation and debris left by the hurricane led to catastrophic flooding throughout widespread regions of the country, especially in Tegucigalpa.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The heavy rain caused flash floods of Choluteca's tributaries, and the swollen river overflowed its banks, tearing down entire neighborhoods and bridges across the ravaged city. The rainfall also triggered massive landslides around El Berrinche Hill, close to the downtown area. These landslides destroyed most of the Soto neighborhood, and debris flowed into the river, forming a dam. The dam clogged the waters of the river and many of the low-lying areas of Comayagüela were submerged; historic buildings located along Calle Real were either completely destroyed or so badly damaged that repair was futile.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Situated in a valley and surrounded by mountain ranges, Tegucigalpa is hilly with several elevations and few flat areas. The city is also highly disorganized, particularly around its oldest districts. It has seen a rapid growth in the last 30 years, and only recently has the government passed some of the laws establishing city planning and zoning rules. Surface roads can be narrow with the most important avenues carrying no more than two or three lanes running in each direction, adding to the problem of heavy traffic congestion. Several of the main boulevards have been equipped with interchanges, overpasses and underpasses, allowing for sections of controlled-access highways, but considering that even the city's beltway does not entirely circle the city, the roads are generally limited-access. Intense webs of electrical and telephone lines above the streets are a common sight in the capital, and in virtually all Honduran cities, since the implementation of underground utility lines has only been adopted in recent years.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The metropolitan area of Tegucigalpa and Comayagüela is officially divided into "barrios" and "colonias" and there are 892 of them. "Colonias" represent relatively recent 20th-century middle class residential suburbs, some known as "residenciales" for their upper income development, and these are continuously spreading while the "barrios" are old inner-city neighborhoods.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: While the city administration divides the capital into barrios and colonias, the fact that there are hundreds of them makes it difficult to define the city's different regions, especially for those not familiar with the Central District. To have a better understanding of the city's regions, the metro area of the Central District can essentially be divided, first, into two sections: Tegucigalpa and Comayagüela. These two entities remain separated by the Choluteca River Basin that runs between them.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The Tegucigalpa side of the District can be divided into five sections: 1) "Centro Histórico" (Historic Downtown); 2) "Centro Contemporáneo" or "Zona Viva" (Contemporary Downtown or Vibrant Zone); 3) North Tegucigalpa; 4) South Tegucigalpa; and 5) East Tegucigalpa.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: This section of the city is perhaps the best developed and properly urbanized. It is formed by more than 40 neighborhoods, many of them wealthy middle class residential areas such as Colonia Palmira to the east of the historic center, on Boulevard Morazán, which hosts several foreign embassies as well as upscale restaurants. Other upscale neighborhoods are Lomas del Guijarro, Loma Linda, and Lomas del Mayab, which house most of the apartment complexes in the city.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Boulevard Morazán and Avenida Los Próceres/Avenida La Paz are busy commercial corridors (running parallel to each other) and run through several neighborhoods home to foreign embassies, a hotel district, business establishments and corporate buildings, including Los Próceres Comercial Park ("Parque Comercial"). Boulevard Suyapa and Boulevard Juan Pablo II are located south of the aforementioned boulevards, and they also form a busy commercial and financial district stretching through several neighborhoods such as Colonia Los Profesionales where the Presidential House is located; Colonia Florencia Norte where Multiplaza Mall is located; Colonia Miramontes, among others—housing several financial institutions, government offices, hotels, etc.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Comayagüela is found on the west bank of the Choluteca River, and most of its urbanization is made up of lower-income neighborhoods. Historically, Comayagüela has remained less developed than the other side of the capital, some citing insufficient contribution from public officials. In recent years, this western side of the capital has seen some growth and improvement such as the opening of Metromall near the airport. With the construction of Mall Premier and City Mall, the latter to become the largest mall in the country, Comayagüela will be receiving another upgrade. There are an estimated 650,000 residents in Comayagüela contributing 58.3 percent of the 120 million lempiras (US$6.349 million) generated every day by commerce in the Central District.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The Comayagüela side of the capital can be divided into four sections: 1) Zona Centro (Downtown Comayagüela); 2) North Comayagüela; 3) South Comayagüela; and 4) West Comayagüela:


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The 2013 Honduran census recorded a population of 1,157,509 in the Central District, continuing a trend of population growth in the city since the 2001 census, which recorded 850,445 residents.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: In 2004, there were 185,577 households with an average of 4.9 members per household. Both the city's population and metro area are expected to double by 2029.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The Human Development Index (HDI) is the highest in the country measured at 0.759 in 2006. During the same year, 47.6 percent of the Central District's population lived in poverty—29.7 lived in moderate poverty and 17.9 in extreme poverty. Life expectancy in the District is 72.1 years. By 2010, 4.9 percent of the population remained illiterate, compared to the national rate of 15.2 percent.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: In 2010, the average monthly income was L.8,321 (US$440.49), compared to the total national average of L.4,767 (US$252.35) and the national urban zone average of L.7,101 (US$375.91).


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The ethnic and racial makeup of Tegucigalpa is strongly tied to the rest of Honduras. 80 percent of the city-dwellers are predominantly mestizos with a small White-Hispanic minority. They are joined by Chinese and Arab immigrants, the latter mostly from Palestine. There are indigenous Amerindians and Afro-Honduran people as well.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: In 2004, there were 67 public health care establishments in the Central District—five national hospitals, 22 health centers in the metropolitan area, 37 health centers throughout the rural areas, and three peripheral clinics. There are several private hospitals in the city as well as hospitals run by the Honduran Social Security Institute (IHSS), the country's government-sponsored social insurance program.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: In 2003, only 58.5 percent of the employed population contributed to IHSS while the rest who remain uninsured were attributed to being employed in the informal sector or being domestic workers. Overall, only 26.5 percent of the Central District's population is covered by public health care.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The Central District reports the third highest or 20.2 percent of the country's HIV/AIDS incidence with 5,674 living with the virus. During 2004, there were 258 new diagnoses of HIV infection in the Central District.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: In 2000, the maternal mortality rate in the city was 110 of every 100,000 births of which 62.3 percent were women ages 20 to 35. In 2001, the infant mortality rate was 29 per 1000 live births (Both maternal and infant mortality rates are based on local and out-of-district residents who arrive to receive medical attention). In 2005, it was estimated that 101 of every 10,000 residents suffered from a physical or mental disability.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Honduras in general has not had any stable medical care, the reasons being there is a lack of political stability and 62.8% of the country is in poverty and there is a lack of medical caretakers, or proper training for the caretakers, in the country.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: As with the rest of Honduras, Roman Catholicism is the dominating religion in the Central District and while at some point they made up as much as 90 percent of the population, contemporary estimates as recent as 2007 put them at 47 percent while Protestants make up as much as 36 percent. Their history in Tegucigalpa began around 1548 with the Spanish setting up Mercedarian missionaries as part of their conversion efforts of the native communities. By 1916, the Diocese of Comayagua was relocated and renamed the Diocese of Tegucigalpa, and it was elevated to Archdiocese under Archbishop Santiago María Martínez y Cabanas (1842–1921).


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Other religious groups made their way at the beginning of the 20th century including the Quakers, who in 1914 began work in the nation's capital. In 1946, missionaries of the Southern Baptist Convention first arrived in Tegucigalpa and in the 1950s, the National Convention of Baptist Churches and the Eastern Mennonite Board of Missions followed.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The Assembly of God missionaries entered Honduras in the late 1940s and today maintain a mega-church in Tegucigalpa with more than 10,000 members. The Church of God of Cleveland, Tennessee was established in Tegucigalpa in 1951, the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel followed in 1952, and by the late 1950s, the Evangelical Alliance of Honduras was established. The Prince of Peace Pentecostal Church, founded in Guatemala City, began its ministry in Honduras during the 1960s. During the 1970s, the Catholic Charismatic Renewal Movement began to grow among the upper classes in Tegucigalpa.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The Christian Love Brigade Association arrived in Tegucigalpa in 1971, the Abundant Life Christian Church was founded in 1972, the Cenacle Christian Center of Charismatic Renewal began in 1978 and the Living Love Groups started in 1978.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The Presbyterian Church in Honduras member churches are mainly concentrated within of Tegucigalpa. The first Presbyterian congregation was planted 50 years ago, by the National Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Guatemala.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Today, there are many religious groups in Tegucigalpa including a Jewish community; Jehovah's Witnesses and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, who opened a temple in the city in 2013.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Honduras, including the capital city Tegucigalpa, has the world's highest murder rate. Honduras has been experiencing record-high violence in recent years. In 2010, the homicide rate in Francisco Morazán was 83.2 (per 100,000 inhabitants) compared to the national average of 86.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: In 2009, the Central District reached a homicide rate of 72.7 with authorities recording 792 intentional homicides and 151 involuntary homicides; this averaged to 66 murders per month or two per day. 85.6 percent of the deaths were committed by firearm and 39 percent were linked to organized crime. 91 percent of the victims were men and 81.2 of that were ages 15 to 39. The neighborhoods in Tegucigalpa reporting the highest incidence of violent deaths are poor and impoverished areas that include Barrio Concepción, Colonia Nueva Capital, Colonia Villa Nueva Norte, Colonia Cerro Grande, Colonia El Carrizal No. 1, Colonia el Carrizal No. 2, Colonia Flor Del Campo, Colonia La Sosa, Colonia Las Brisas, and Barrio Centro de Comayagüela.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: In 2009, there were 246 motor vehicle-related deaths, of which 52 percent were pedestrians, including bicyclists; 39 percent were caused by private vehicles and 12 percent by public transportation vehicles. In the same year, there were 69 deaths reported as suicides, which were most common in the age bracket of 20 to 29 and 30 to 35, while 76.9 percent of them were men.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Having around eight million people in the country, Honduras has about 7,000 gang members in 300 to 400 street gangs, most of them based in Tegucigalpa. These gangs commit all types of crimes against the local population as well as foreigners, including phone call threats. The gangs also appear to have a lot of control in the cities with controlling public goods such as public taxis and they are very involved. The Honduran government does not have much control against the gangs because the government system is not itself very stable. Most of the crime cases are not very well prosecuted and sometimes just discarded, but police enforcement is better in the upper-class neighborhoods and in the tourists parts of the city.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The Central District has an economy equal to 19.3 percent of country's GDP. In 2009, the city's revenue and expenditures budget was L.2,856,439,263 (US$151,214,182) while in 2010 it was L.2,366,993,208 (US$125,204,606). 57.9 percent or L.43.860 billion (US$2.318 billion) of the country's national budget is spent within the Central District.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The District's active labor force is 367,844 people of which 56,035 are employed in the public sector. In 2009, the unemployment rate in Tegucigalpa was 8.1 percent, and an unemployed person may spend as much as four months seeking employment. There are 32,665 business establishments throughout the capital, the most of any city in the country. The size of these businesses is broken down as follows: micro-enterprises (73.2%), small businesses (9.63%), medium-sized businesses (7.47%), large companies (0.28%), and the remainder unreported (9.62%).


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The city's major economic sources are commerce, construction, services, textiles, sugar, and tobacco. Economic activity is broken down as follows: commerce—including wholesale, retail, auto repair, household goods (42.86%); manufacturing industry (16.13%), hospitality—hotels and restaurants (14.43%), banking and real estate (10.12%), social and personal services (8.94%), health-related services (3.90%), and others (3.60%).


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The industrial production taking place in the region includes textiles, clothing, sugar, cigarettes, lumber, plywood, paper, ceramics, cement, glass, metalwork, plastics, chemicals, tires, electrical appliances, and farm machinery. "Maquiladora" duty-free assembly plants have been established in an industrial park in the Amarateca valley, on the northern highway. Silver, lead and zinc are still mined in the outskirts of the city.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Honduran banks based in Tegucigalpa include the Central Bank of Honduras, Banco Continental and Banco de Occidente. Tegucigalpa also has a number of International financial institutions, which include BAC Credomatic (formerly Banco Mercantil-BAMER), Citibank, Davivienda, the Inter-American Development Bank (IAB), the World Bank, and the Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE), with its headquarters located in Colonia Miramontes on Boulevard Suyapa.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Manufacturing assembly plants ("maquiladoras") were introduced in Honduras in 1976. While their contribution to the economy remained small, they boomed at the beginning of the 1990s, mostly concentrating in northern Honduras, but after the mid-1990s they were expanded to the central region, including Tegucigalpa. By 2005, at least 6 "maquiladoras" operated in the Central District.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: By the end of the 1990s and early 2000s (decade), Tegucigalpa continued to be a focus city for the development of industrial parks. The main obstacle to establishing factories in Tegucigalpa has been facilitating infrastructure to provide efficient access between the capital and country's economic hubs: San Pedro Sula and Puerto Cortez.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: While foreign investment manufacturers and exporters have focused on northern Honduras, the presence of multinational corporations is evident in Tegucigalpa. Popular retail, restaurant, and hospitality American-branded franchises prevail throughout the Honduran capital; such as Walmart, McDonald's, and Marriott, among others. Companies from other countries such as Mexico, have also made their presence with arrivals like Cinépolis movie theaters, which opened in 2010 in Cascadas Mall. Foreign real estate and property developers operate in the capital District as well, such as of the Multiplaza malls.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Tegucigalpa's economic challenges are tied to those of the rest of the country, such as overcoming crime, anomalies in the judicial system, educational backwardness, and deficient infrastructure in order to continue to encourage foreign investors and permit growth of local entrepreneurs.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: As capital of Honduras, as department head and as a municipality, the Central District seats three separate governments: national, departmental and municipal. Prior to 1991, the central government held great jurisdiction over the execution of city management across the country, leading to uneven representation and improper distribution of resources and governance. As a result, in late 1990 under Decree 134-90, the National Congress of Honduras enacted the Law of Municipalities ("Ley de Municipalidades"), defining the country's department and municipal institutions, representatives and their functions to give city government autonomy and decentralize it from the national government.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: While autonomous, the Central District is still influenced by the national government given the territory remains seat of government of the republic. Major changes in public policy and funding of major city projects usually reach the Office of the President prior to approval by the District's local government.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The government in Honduras is very unstable, the government has a very hard time providing the proper resources for citizens and forming their citizens in investing in medical equipment and education for medical professions in Honduras, they also have difficulties with controlling the criminals in cities and gangs that resulted in such high crime rates in the country.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Legally and politically speaking, the capital of Honduras is the Municipality of the Central District (Spanish: "Distrito Central or DC") and Tegucigalpa and Comayagüela are two entities within the district. However, nearly all governmental institutions are on the Tegucigalpa side, so for all practical purposes Tegucigalpa is the capital. Traditionally, they are regarded as twin or sister cities in part because they were founded as two distinct cities. When the Central District was formed on January 30, 1937 under Decree 53 of reformed Article 179 of the 1936 Honduran Constitution, both cities became one political entity sharing the title of "Capital of Honduras".


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The Constitution of Honduras, under Chapter 1, Article 8, states (translated), "The cities of Tegucigalpa and Comayagüela, jointly, constitute the Capital of the Republic." Furthermore, Chapter 11, Article 295, states (translated) "The Central District consists of a single municipality made up of the former municipalities of Tegucigalpa and Comayagüela"; however, municipalities in Honduras are defined as political entities similar to counties, and they may contain one or more cities. For example, in the Department of Atlántida, La Ceiba is the largest city—being also the third largest in Honduras—both in terms of population and metropolitan area; however, Tela, one of the eight municipalities of Atlántida, is the biggest municipality in terms of physical administrative area in that department. Since the Municipality of Tela is not considered the entire city of Tela, it is not bigger than La Ceiba.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: There are an additional of 41 villages and 293 hamlets through the Central District Municipality. These may be assigned deputy mayors ("alcalde auxiliar") to serve as local representatives.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Tegucigalpa is the political and administrative center of Honduras. It is also the seat of government of the Francisco Morazán department. All three branches of the national government as well as their immediate divisions—including the 16 departments of the Executive Branch, the National Congress, the Supreme Court of Justice, the Armed Forces and National Police headquarters—are located in the city. Most public agencies and state-owned companies are headquartered in the capital as well.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: City government takes the form of a mayor-council system and is regulated under the Law of Municipalities that came into effect on January 1, 1991. The Central District Municipal Government ("Alcaldía Municipal del Distrito Central" or AMDC) is the city's governing authority. As established by city governing law, AMDC is structured as a municipal corporation, which is the deliberative-legislative body, voter-elected, and highest authority within the municipality.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The Municipal Corporation is formed by a mayor serving as chief executive, general administrator and legal representative of the municipality and a vice mayor to serve as acting mayor when required and to oversee functions within AMDC as instructed by the mayor.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Ten aldermen ("regidores") are also members of the Municipal Corporation who along with the mayor execute the duties as described in the Law of Municipalities, including management, budgeting, and local law and ordinance legislation.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: A general manager, appointed by the mayor, serves as chief comptroller to manage city funds and their allocation. A municipal secretary, also appointed by the mayor, serves as the city clerk in charge of keeping record of all official proceedings. The Municipal Corporation also consults with a Municipal Development Council ("Consejo de Desarrollo Municipal"), which serves as an advising cabinet on all the areas of issues of the city such as human development, public safety, utilities, etc.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The mayor of the Central District is (LIBRE) who is serving his first term (2022–2026) after being elected in 2021. He is the ninth person to serve as mayor of the Central District since local elections were restored in 1986 (prior to 1986, the Central District local government, known as "Consejo Metropolitano" (Metropolitan Council), was appointed by the President); and this is the tenth elected mayoral term since then as well as the first elected mayor not to belong to the National Party since 1997.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Of the 10 aldermen serving, six are men and four are women. Five belong to LIBRE while another four belong to the National Party and one alderman belongs to the Christian Democratic Party.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Both the city mayor and aldermen are elected to 4-year terms by voters of the Central District. Removal of the mayor or any alderman for any cause is reserved to the Ministry of the Interior, Justice and Decentralization ("Secretaría de Gobernación, Justicia y Descentralización").


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Law enforcement in the city is the responsibility of the National Police of Honduras, the nationwide police force. The National Police maintains its headquarters in the Central District in Colonia Casamata. The Metropolitan Police Headquarters No. 1 ("Jefatura Metropolitana No. 1") is the police department in charge of law and order in the city. It operates seven police districts throughout the metropolitan area. These are Police District 1-1 "El Edén", Police District 1–2 "El Mandén", Police District 1–3 "San Miguel", Police District 1–4 "Kennedy", Police District 1–5 "El Belén", Police District 1–6 "La Granja" and Police District 1–7 "San Francisco". For 2011, the Secretary of Security designated L.2.162 billion (US$114.283 million) to law enforcement and criminal investigation in the Central District.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: As established by the Law on Police and Social Coexistence ("Ley de Policía y Convivencia Social"), municipalities can fund their own municipal police ("Policía Municipal") and the Central District operates a Municipal Police force of 160 officers. The Municipal Department of Justice ("Departamento Municipal de Justicia") through its Municipal Police Court ("Juzgado de Policía Municipal") enforces and prosecutes local law offenses.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The Public Ministry ("Ministerio Público") is the district attorney with nationwide jurisdiction in charge of prosecuting crimes on behalf of the people. It is also headquartered in the Central District and maintains regional prosecution offices throughout the country. The Attorney General of the Republic ("Procuraduría General de la República") is the country's chief legal representative and prosecutes crimes on behalf of the state.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Tegucigalpa serves as the national education center, hosting most of the universities and higher education institutions in the country. For 2011, the national government allocated L. 9.175 billion (US$484.9 million) of the national public education budget (equal to 42.1 percent of total) to the Central District.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The public and private education system in Tegucigalpa is divided into 16 school districts ("distritales"). All districts are part of the Departmental Directorate of Education ("Dirección Departamental de Educación"), which in turn is a part of the country's Secretary of Education.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: There are 1,235 public schools in the Central District broken down as 488 preschools, 563 elementary schools, and 184 middle and high schools. In 2003, there were a total of 287,517 students enrolled throughout the municipality—28,915 in preschool, 159,679 in elementary school, and 98,923 in middle or high school.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: There are about 147 bilingual schools in Tegucigalpa. The American School of Tegucigalpa (K-12), Discovery School (K-12), DelCampo International School (K-12), La Estancia School (K-11) and International School of Tegucigalpa (K-12, Christian) are considered the most expensive private schools of the city. Total K-12 tuition of The American School of Tegucigalpa costs a total of L.1.366 million (US$72,248) for all years (amount based on 10–11 academic year). These private schools are highly recognized by American institutions such as the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS-CASI) and the American School of Tegucigalpa is the only one that has the International Baccalaureate (IB Program). Most of their students study abroad. Other popular private/bilingual schools include Elvel School (K-11), Dowal School (K-11, secular), La Estancia School (K-11), Shadai School (K-11, Christian), Lycée Franco-Hondurien (K-12, French), Magic Castle Preschool (K), Macris School (E-HS, Catholic), and ABC Educational Center (N-8avo, Christian).


title: Tegucigalpa

text: There are two modalities in regards to the school calendar: American Period (August to July), mostly used by private and bilingual schools; and Latin Period (February to November), used by public schools.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: There are 12 universities in Tegucigalpa, including three state-funded higher education institutions.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), founded in 1847, is the country's most important university and operates eight regional campuses in several other cities in the country: UNAH-Valle de Sula, UNAH-La Ceiba, UNAH-Comayagua, UNAH-Copán, UNAH-Choluteca, UNAH-Juticalpa, UNAH-Valle del Aguán, and University Technological Center UNAH–Danlí. It employs 4,980 people throughout its campuses at an average annual salary of L.241,184 (US$12,747).


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The other two publicly funded institutions are Francisco Morazán National Pedagogic University (UPNFM), founded in 1989, focusing on preparing future educators in several disciplines, and the National Institute of Professional Formation (INFOP), founded in 1972, focusing on economic and social development disciplines. The National University of Agriculture (UNA), founded in 1950, also state-funded and located in Catacamas, Olancho, maintains a liaison office in Tegucigalpa.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: There are also two higher education centers: the Technological University Center (CEUTEC), part of UNITEC; and Guaymura University Center (CUG), founded in 1982.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: All "barrios" and "colonias" in Tegucigalpa can be accessed by automobile, although some neighborhoods in the city suffer from unpaved, narrow, or hilly streets making them difficult to maneuver. A grid of surface streets and a network of major avenues and boulevards cross through the major areas of the capital. However, the most transited roads suffer from heavy traffic congestion due to the region's geography and disorganized urbanization.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: An estimate of 400,000 vehicles take on the city streets and roads every day. The oldest districts were not built with the advent of the automobile in mind and therefore lack efficient roadways to accommodate the overwhelming number of vehicles. Newer developments, such as the malls, have been built with the car in mind allowing for large parking lots to accommodate their visitors. In the last decades, several of the boulevards and avenues have been retrofitted with grade separations to ease up the flow of traffic.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The Secretariat of Public Works, Transport and Housing (Honduras) (SOPTRAVI) presently divides the country's highway network into international routes ("ruta internacional"), national routes ("ruta nacional"), and provincial routes ("ruta vecinal"). These are assigned numbers; however, they are more often identified using their physical destinations (e.g. Tegucigalpa-Danlí highway) rather the number itself since road signage is scarce.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: International routes are given a "CA-" designation followed by a highway number (i.e. CA-1) that can be of one or two digits enclosed in a highway shield. "CA-" highways are part of the Central American highway network (hence the "CA" letters) that interconnects Honduras with its neighboring countries as part of the Pan-American Highway. National highways are assigned a two or three-digit number and provincial routes are assigned a three-digit number.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The "Anillo Periférico" (beltway or ring road) and "Boulevard Fuerzas Armadas" (Armed Forces Blvd) are the city's two expressways—equipped with center dividers, interchanges, overpasses and underpasses—allowing for controlled-access traffic. These connect with the city's other major boulevards: Central America Blvd, Suyapa Blvd, European Community Blvd, and Kuwait Blvd—which are essentially limited-access roadways as they have been equipped with interchanges but may lack underpasses or overpasses to bypass crossing surface road traffic.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Despite a network of major highways, none reach directly into the historic downtown, forcing drivers to rely heavily on surface streets. Like in most Central American cities, orientation and driving may be difficult to first-time visitors due to the nature of how streets are named, insufficient road signage and the natives' driving behavior. The city administration has green lit several road infrastructure projects to help reduce traffic congestion and improve the overall aspect of the city.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: List of major thoroughfares in the Central District, including urban core arteries and outskirt roads:


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Public transportation in Tegucigalpa and Comayagüela is based on buses and taxis, covering 71 percent of the capital's road migration. Bus routes are named based on the neighborhood they cover. For example, routes that travel from the downtown area to UNAH are labeled "Centro-UNAH" or "Centro-Multiplaza-UNAH". Taxis are the quickest way to move around the city after personal auto transportation. Taxis are relatively cheap for the international tourist. They are not the cheapest form of public transportation for the locals, however. There are over 12,000 taxis in the Central District.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The public transportation system in Tegucigalpa is, however, highly disorganized. Being a for-profit business, it encourages competition between the fleet owners where revenue is the priority while ignoring the quality and efficiency of the service. Public transportation regulation is very flawed. Bus drivers must compete for passengers in order to bring the highest earnings possible while becoming a hazard for other drivers and pedestrians and contributing to traffic jams. There is an overflow of public transportation vehicles on the roads. The government has declared its public transportation system to be oversupplied and inefficient.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: There is a project under construction to give the public transportation system an upgrade with the addition of a bus rapid transit fleet. In late May 2011, the National Congress approved the project under a new law as part of the financing deal with the Inter-American Development Bank (IAB). The BRT system will be solely managed by the Central District government.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Tegucigalpa is connected with the rest of the country through its city to city bus services. There are several bus lines connecting the capital with the rest of Honduras. There is no central bus terminal in the city; in turn, there are several bus stations scattered throughout the city, particularly in Comayagüela, and some of these stations are operated directly by the bus company serving from there. Tegucigalpa is connected with the rest of Central America and Mexico through its international bus lines. Buses leave for Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama and Mexico every day.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Toncontín International Airport (IATA: TGU, ICAO: MHTG) formerly served as the main airport in and out of Tegucigalpa. The airport was frequently criticized as being dangerous due to its location next to a sierra, short runway, and difficult approach. Large commercial jets are required to execute a tight hairpin left turn at very low altitude to land on the short runway. International airline pilots flying into Toncontín receive additional training for the Toncontín approach.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Toncontín was improved by the work of the Airport Corporation of Tegucigalpa (CAT), which is owned by TACA of El Salvador. It is managed by InterAirports, the company hired by the government of Honduras to manage the four airports in the country.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: After years of efforts to replace Toncontín International with an airport at Palmerola in Comayagua where the Soto Cano Air Base is located, Comayagua International Airport finally opened on October 15, 2021. All international flights are expected to move there, leaving Toncontín with only domestic flights.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Tegucigalpa refers to the urban area formed east of the Choluteca River when distinguished from Comayagüela. When broadly speaking to refer to the capital of the country, it includes Comayagüela and vice versa.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Comayagüela refers to the urban area formed west of the Choluteca River. Once a city of its own, it was incorporated as part of Tegucigalpa on September 28, 1890.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: Central District refers to the entire municipality containing both Tegucigalpa and Comayagüela. As established by the Constitution of Honduras, it serves as national capital and therefore its limits as government seat are not reduced to the urban area formed by Tegucigalpa and Comayagüela but extend to the entire municipality; in turn, the Central District as a whole, is the capital of Honduras.


title: Tegucigalpa

text: The Central District is not a federal district since it is not an entity outside the departments of Honduras (e.g. Washington, D.C., Mexico City); it is one of the municipalities making up the Department of Francisco Morazán.


title: National Treasure (franchise)

text: The National Treasure franchise consists of American historical fiction action-adventures, including two released theatrical films and a prequel book series, while future installments are in development. The plot centers around the Gates family – treasure hunters who search for and preserve lost valuables from the history of the United States of America.


title: National Treasure (franchise)

text: The first film was a financial success at the box office. While it was met with mixed reviews by critics, who compared the movie unfavorably to "Indiana Jones" and "The Da Vinci Code", audience response was positive, and the film has gained a positive legacy. The second film was also met with mixed critical reception like its predecessor and had criticism directed at its use of similar plot devices, believability, and pacing. The film was met with positive response from audiences and made significant revenue at the box office for The Walt Disney Company.


title: National Treasure (franchise)

text: Benjamin "Ben" Franklin Gates is a member of a family of treasure hunters. At a young age, his grandfather tells him the legend of the hidden treasures of the Founding Fathers of the USA. His grandfather teaches him that the men and women of American history buried the treasure somewhere within the country, and have hidden highly cryptic clues throughout various lands within the nation's borders.


title: National Treasure (franchise)

text: Years later, after a dead-end in the family's momentum of discovery and generations of failed attempts to progress the research, the Gates family has publicly acquired a reputation of conspiracy theorists who profess myth. Ben however believes he has found a new lead to solve the mystery of the treasure, which will allow him to prove his family's legacy isn't a joke. One of the clues lead him to believe a map is on the back of the Declaration of Independence. In a race to find the historical discovery and to preserve it in a national museum, Ben must outpace the villainous plans of his former associate-turned-enemy named Ian Howe. Meanwhile, the FBI grows suspicious of his actions. Upon learning that Ian intends to take the document and find the treasure for personal gain, Ben decides to steal the file himself in order to preserve it, as well as the national treasure.


title: National Treasure (franchise)

text: In this head-to-head to save history, Ben is accompanied by his close friend Riley Poole and Dr. Abigail Chase.


title: National Treasure (franchise)

text: Several years since Benjamin "Ben" Franklin Gates found the Knight's Templar national treasure and gained fame and wealth from a self-imposed minimal 1% finder's fee, the Gates family finds themselves once again defending their family name.


title: National Treasure (franchise)

text: Competing scavenger Mitch Wilkinson claims that he has learned from a fragment of a missing page of John Wilkes Booth's diary, that the Gates family ancestor was a conspirator to the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Together the Gates family contends with Wilkinson, who also states that hints to the whereabouts of the Lost City of Gold were found in the journal. Outraged by his familial claims Ben, his ex-girlfriend Abigail, and his best friend Riley (who has become a famous writer), travel the globe to France, England, and Washington, D.C. where their plans escalate. Along the way the team collect clues to redeem the family name, and to prove his honor.


title: National Treasure (franchise)

text: In D.C., Ben must kidnap the President in order to keep him safe from Wilkinson, and to look within the fabled "President's Secret Book" to solve the mystery.


title: National Treasure (franchise)

text: In May 2008, director and producer Jon Turteltaub stated that the filmmakers involved with the series will take their time in developing another "National Treasure" sequel. By September 2008, producer Jerry Bruckheimer officially confirmed that a third film is under development, with a script being written that November. In May 2010, Bruckheimer stated that the first draft of the screenplay was completed. In May 2016, Nicolas Cage confirmed the film was still undergoing rewrites and fact-checking their historical accuracy during the process of being developed. In September 2017, Bruckheimer revealed that a script was completed, but Disney was not satisfied with the story. By July 2018, Turtletaub reiterated that a script was "close", but that Disney was still not on board with the story.


title: National Treasure (franchise)

text: In January 2020, after years of being in development hell, a third film was officially in development with Chris Bremner hired to write a new script. In May, Bruckheimer stated that the intent is for all of the original cast from the previous films reprise their respective roles. By March 2022, Nicolas Cage stated that he has not yet seen the script, casting doubt on the realization of a third film. In April of the same year, the actor indicated that the film had been delayed with The Walt Disney Company favoring the television series instead. In August 2022, Bruckheimer stated that the script had been finished and was being sent to Cage for approval.


title: National Treasure (franchise)

text: In May 2020, Jerry Bruckheimer announced that a Disney+ exclusive streaming services television series was in development. The series will feature a younger cast, with the pilot episode scripted and the additional episodes currently outlined. By March 2021, the series was green-lit with a 10-episode order from The Walt Disney Company. Co-written by Marianne and Cormac Wibberley, the pilot episode will be directed by Mira Nair. The series follows a Hispanic Latina-American lead character named Jess Morales, who is a 20-year-old DREAMer who sets off on an exploration to discover the mystery of her family history, and with the help of her friends seeks to recover historical lost treasure. The co-writers additionally serve as creators, and executive producers on the series, while Jerry Bruckheimer will also serve as a producer. The project will be a joint-venture production between Jerry Bruckheimer Television, and ABC Signature.


title: National Treasure (franchise)

text: In October 2021, Lisette Alexis was cast to play Morales in the show. In January 2022, Lyndon Smith, Zuri Reed, Jake Austin Walker, Antonio Cipriano, and Jordan Rodrigues were announced to have been cast as FBI Agent Ross, Tasha, Liam, Oren, and Ethan, respectively.


title: National Treasure (franchise)

text: In February 2022, Catherine Zeta-Jones was announced to have been cast as Billie Pearce. In April 2022, it was announced that Justin Bartha would reprise his role of Riley Poole as a guest star. In September 2022, the showrunners/creators stated that they have tentative plans for reintroducing additional characters from the movies, into the series including Nicholas Cage's Ben Gates. The duo compared the meeting between Morales and Gates to Tony Stark / Iron Man and Peter Parker / Spider-Man in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.


title: National Treasure (franchise)

text: Though a literature adaptation was never released for the first film, a novelization of the second titled "National Treasure 2: Book of Secrets – The Junior Novel" was released on November 6, 2007. Parts of the story in the novel version differ slightly from what was actually filmed, owing to changes being made in the screenplay prior to and during production.


title: National Treasure (franchise)

text: The franchise expanded with the release of a series of historical-fiction novels, written by Catherine Hapka and published by Disney Press. The series centers around the ancestors of the Gates Family.


title: National Treasure (franchise)

text: The tree below shows the Gates family, including Ben's ancestors mentioned in the series of novels based on the films, "Changing Tides", "Midnight Ride", and "Uncharted". Benjamin Franklin Gates' direct line is in bold. The family tree below is based on a detailed family tree is presented in the novel, "Uncharted":


title: National Treasure (franchise)

text: The following is a table listing the awards and nominations received by "National Treasure" and "National Treasure: Book of Secrets".


title: Coleen Rooney

text: Coleen Mary Rooney ( McLoughlin; born 3 April 1986) is the wife of former English footballer Wayne Rooney. She is also a former television personality.


title: Coleen Rooney

text: Coleen Mary McLoughlin was born in Liverpool, Merseyside, to Tony and Colette McLoughlin. Tony McLoughlin, who was a bricklayer, also ran a boxing club. The McLoughlins are of Irish descent. Coleen is the eldest of four children; her sister Rosie, who had Rett syndrome, died on 5 January 2013 at the age of 14.


title: Coleen Rooney

text: Coleen Rooney attended St John Bosco Arts College and left school with 10 GCSEs, including an A* for Performing Arts.


title: Coleen Rooney

text: Rooney wrote a column for celebrity magazine "Closer" entitled "Welcome to My World". She left "Closer" in 2008 to write a weekly fashion and news column for "OK!" magazine. Rooney began presenting when in May 2006, she assisted Sir Trevor McDonald on his show "Tonight with Trevor McDonald" in a programme about the genetic disorder Rett syndrome, from which her younger sister suffered. She went on to make her own series for ITV called "Coleen's Real Women" in which she was labelled as "The nation's favourite girl next door" and looked for "real women" to front advertising campaigns as an alternative to models.


title: Coleen Rooney

text: In December 2005, Rooney sold an exercise DVD entitled "Coleen McLoughlin's Brand New Body Workout", which became a bestseller in the United Kingdom. She was paid £3 million to front the George at Asda campaign. In June 2010, Rooney struck a deal with retail and gambling company Littlewoods. Rooney's autobiography, "Welcome to My World", was released in March 2007. This was followed by "Coleen's Real Style" the following year, published by HarperCollins. She has also published a four-book series called "Coleen Style Queen" from 2008 to 2010.


title: Coleen Rooney

text: She met her future husband, Wayne Rooney, at age 12 in the Liverpool suburb of Croxteth. They began a relationship when they were 16, after they left secondary school. Wayne's mother Jeanette worked as a part-time cleaner at St John Bosco Arts College, which Coleen attended.


title: Coleen Rooney

text: The couple married in Portofino, Italy on 12 June 2008; Britain's "OK!" magazine paid them a reported £2.5 million for exclusive wedding information and pictures. The newlyweds, dubbed Wayleen, moved into a new £1.3m mansion in Formby. They currently live in Prestbury, Cheshire, in a £4 million neo-Georgian mansion.


title: Coleen Rooney

text: On 9 October 2019, Rooney made a Twitter post explaining that posts from her private Instagram account were being leaked to "The Sun" newspaper. She stated that to discover who was selling the stories, she had restricted access to the posts. She revealed that the only viewer of these posts was an account belonging to Rebekah Vardy implying that she was the culprit. The ensuing scandal was dubbed 'Wagatha Christie', a portmanteau of the football term WAG and mystery writer Agatha Christie, by the British media.


title: Coleen Rooney

text: Vardy responded on her own Twitter account, denying the claims and claiming that her Instagram account had been hacked.


title: Coleen Rooney

text: In June 2020, news broke that Vardy was taking Rooney to court for defamation, with legal costs reportedly set to hit £500,000 on each side.


title: Coleen Rooney

text: On 20 November 2020, Justice Warby ruled in favour of Vardy after the libel preliminary hearing at the High Court in London which took place on 19 November 2020. Neither Rooney nor Vardy were at the court in person. Rooney was ordered to pay Vardy almost £23,000 in court costs. The pair were given until 8 February 2021 to make an attempt to mediate their case.


title: Coleen Rooney

text: In May 2022 Vardy sued Rooney for libel, arguing that the accusation over her Instagram account was false. Following the earlier ruling, it became Rooney’s responsibility to prove Vardy was personally responsible for leaking stories to "The Sun", or convince the judge that publication of the allegation was in the public interest.


title: Coleen Rooney

text: On 29 July 2022 the judge in the case, Mrs Justice Steyn, dismissed Mrs Vardy's claim, ruling that Mrs Rooney's accusation was "substantially true".


title: History of the bicycle

text: Vehicles that have two wheels and require balancing by the rider date back to the early 19th century. The first means of transport making use of two wheels arranged consecutively, and thus the archetype of the bicycle, was the German "draisine" dating back to 1817. The term "bicycle" was coined in France in the 1860s, and the descriptive title "penny farthing", used to describe an "ordinary bicycle", is a 19th-century term.


title: History of the bicycle

text: A sketch from around 1500 AD is attributed to Gian Giacomo Caprotti, a pupil of Leonardo da Vinci, but it was described by Hans-Erhard Lessing in 1998 as a purposeful fraud, a description now generally accepted. However, the authenticity of the bicycle sketch is still vigorously maintained by followers of Prof. Augusto Marinoni, a lexicographer and philologist, who was entrusted by the Commissione Vinciana of Rome with the transcription of Leonardo's Codex Atlanticus.


title: History of the bicycle

text: Later, and equally unverified, is the contention that a certain "Comte de Sivrac" developed a "célérifère" in 1792, demonstrating it at the Palais-Royal in France. The "célérifère" supposedly had two wheels set on a rigid wooden frame and no steering, directional control being limited to that attainable by leaning. A rider was said to have sat astride the machine and pushed it along using alternate feet. It is now thought that the two-wheeled "célérifère" never existed (though there were four-wheelers) and it was instead a misinterpretation by the well-known French journalist Louis Baudry de Saunier in 1891.


title: History of the bicycle

text: The first verifiable claim for a practically used bicycle belongs to German Baron Karl von Drais, a civil servant to the Grand Duke of Baden in Germany. Drais invented his Laufmaschine (German for "running machine") in 1817, that was called "Draisine" (English) or "draisienne" (French) by the press. Karl von Drais patented this design in 1818, which was the first commercially successful two-wheeled, steerable, human-propelled machine, commonly called a velocipede, and nicknamed hobby-horse or dandy horse. It was initially manufactured in Germany and France.


title: History of the bicycle

text: Hans-Erhard Lessing (Drais's biographer) found from circumstantial evidence that Drais's interest in finding an alternative to the horse was the starvation and death of horses caused by crop failure in 1816, the Year Without a Summer (following the volcanic eruption of Tambora in 1815).