title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: The Canadian Olympic Association chose Vancouver as the Canadian candidate city over Calgary, which sought to re-host the Games, and Quebec City, which had lost the 2002 Olympic bid in 1995. On the first round of voting on November 21, 1998, Vancouver-Whistler had 26 votes, Quebec City had 25 and Calgary had 21. On December 3, 1998, the second and final round of voting occurred between the two leading contenders, which saw Vancouver win with 40 votes compared to Quebec City's 32 votes. Vancouver had also previously bid for the 1976 games, which were first awarded to Denver, then to Innsbruck and the 1980 games, which were awarded to Lake Placid.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: After the bribery scandal over the candidacy of the Salt Lake City bid for the 2002 Winter Olympics (which resulted in Quebec City asking for compensation (C$8 million) for its unsuccessful bid), many of the rules of the bidding process were changed in 1999. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) created the Evaluation Commission, which was appointed on October 24, 2002. Prior to the bidding for the 2008 Summer Olympics, host cities would often fly members of the IOC to their city where they toured the city and were provided with gifts. The lack of oversight and transparency often led to allegations of money for votes. Afterward, changes brought forth by the IOC bidding rules were tightened, and more focused on technical aspects of candidate cities. The team analyzed the candidate city features and provided its input back to the IOC.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: Vancouver won the bid to host the Olympics by a vote of the International Olympic Committee on July 2, 2003, at the 115th IOC Session held in Prague, Czech Republic. The result was announced by IOC President Jacques Rogge. Vancouver faced two other finalists shortlisted that same February: Pyeongchang, South Korea, and Salzburg, Austria. Pyeongchang had the most votes of the three cities in the first round of voting, in which Salzburg was eliminated. In the run-off, all but two of the members who had voted for Salzburg voted for Vancouver. It was the closest vote by the IOC since Sydney, Australia beat Beijing for the 2000 Summer Olympics by two votes. Vancouver's victory came almost two years after Toronto's 2008 Summer Olympic bid was defeated by Beijing in a landslide vote.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: The Vancouver Olympic Committee (VANOC) spent C$16.6 million on upgrading facilities at Cypress Mountain, which hosted the freestyle (aerials, moguls, ski cross) and snowboarding events. With the opening in February 2009 of the C$40 million Vancouver Olympic/Paralympic Centre at Hillcrest Park, which hosted curling, every sports venue for the 2010 Games was completed on time and at least one year prior to the Games. Pyeongchang eventually hosted the 2018 Winter Olympics.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: In 2004, the operational cost of the 2010 Winter Olympics was estimated to be Canadian $1.354 billion (about £828,499,787, €975,033,598 or US$1,314,307,896). As of mid-2009 it was projected to be C$1.76 billion, mostly raised from non-government sources, primarily through sponsorships and the auction of national broadcasting rights. C$580 million was the taxpayer-supported budget to construct or renovate venues throughout Vancouver and Whistler. A final audit conducted by PricewaterhouseCoopers released in December 2010 revealed total operation cost to have been $1.84 billion and came in on budget resulting in neither surplus nor deficit. Construction of venues also came on budget with a total cost of $603 million.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: PricewaterhouseCoopers' study estimated a total contribution to the BC economy of $2.3 billion of Gross Domestic Product, and as well creating 45,000 jobs and contributing an additional $463 million to the tourism industry while venue construction by VANOC and 3rd parties added $1.22 billion to the economy, far short of the $10 billion forecast by Premier Gordon Campbell. The study also said that hosting the Olympics was one of many reasons why the provincial debt grew by $24 billion during the decade. Non direct olympics games cost (e.g. expanded rail network, highways, security, paid time off for government employees "volunteering" etc.) cost in excess of 7 billion. In 2011, the provincial auditor-general declined to conduct a post-Games audit.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: C$200 million was expected to be spent for security, which was organized through a special body, the Integrated Security Unit, of which the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) was the lead agency; other government agencies such as the Vancouver Police Department, Canada Border Services Agency, Canadian Forces, and police agencies across Canada. The Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) also played a role. That number was later revealed to be in the region of C$1 billion, an amount in excess of five times what was originally estimated.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: Some venues, including the Richmond Olympic Oval, were at sea level, a rarity for the Winter Games. The 2010 Games were also the first—Winter or Summer—to have had an Opening Ceremony held indoors. Greater Vancouver was the most populous metropolitan area ever to hold the Winter Games. In February, the month when the Games were held, Vancouver has an average temperature of . The average temperature as measured at Vancouver International Airport was for the month of February 2010.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: The opening and closing ceremonies were held at BC Place Stadium, which received over C$150 million in major renovations. Competition venues in Greater Vancouver included the Pacific Coliseum, the Vancouver Olympic/Paralympic Centre, the UBC Winter Sports Centre, the Richmond Olympic Oval and Cypress Mountain. GM Place, now known as Rogers Arena, played host to ice hockey events, being renamed "Canada Hockey Place" for the duration of the Games since corporate sponsorship is not allowed for an Olympic venue. Renovations included the removal of advertising from the ice surface and conversion of some seating to accommodate the media. The 2010 Winter Olympics marked the first time an Olympic hockey game was played on a rink sized according to NHL rules instead of international specifications. Competition venues in Whistler included Whistler Creekside at the Whistler Blackcomb ski resort, the Whistler Olympic Park, the Whistler Celebration Plaza and the Whistler Sliding Centre.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: The 2010 Winter Games marked the first time that the energy consumption of the Olympic venues was tracked in real time and made available to the public. Energy data was collected from the metering and building automation systems of nine of the Olympic venues and was displayed online through the Venue Energy Tracker project.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: The Olympic Games in Vancouver were broadcast worldwide by a number of television broadcasters. As rights for the 2010 Games have been packaged with those for the 2012 Summer Olympics, broadcasters were largely identical for both events.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: The host broadcaster was Olympic Broadcasting Services Vancouver, a subsidiary of the IOC's new in-house broadcasting unit Olympic Broadcasting Services (OBS). The 2010 Olympics marked the first Games where the host broadcasting facilities were provided solely by OBS. The executive director of Olympic Broadcasting Services Vancouver was Nancy Lee, a former producer and executive for CBC Sports. The official broadcast theme was a piece called "City of Ice" composed by Rob May and Simon Hill.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: In Canada, the Games were the first Olympic Games broadcast by a new Olympic Broadcast Media Consortium led by CTVglobemedia and Rogers Media, displacing previous broadcaster CBC Sports. Main English-language coverage was shown on the CTV Television Network, while supplementary programming was mainly shown on TSN and Rogers Sportsnet. Main French-language coverage was shown on V and RDS.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: NBC Universal networks televised the 2010 Winter Olympics in the United States, under a contract in which it paid US$2.2 billion for the rights to the Games and the 2012 Summer Olympics. Advertising sales had slowed in comparison to previous Olympics due to the ongoing recession, and NBC projected a financial loss upwards of $250 million on the Games. Due to the growth of social media, NBC faced particular criticism for its traditional practice of tape delaying network coverage of the Olympics for the west coast—a practice that was made more egregious by the fact that these Games took place at sites within the Pacific Time Zone. In April 2010, the network reported a financial loss of $233 million on the Games.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: The Associated Press (AP) announced that it would send 120 reporters, photographers, editors and videographers to cover the Games on behalf of the country's news media. The cost of their Olympics coverage prompted AP to make a "real departure for the wire service's online coverage". Rather than simply providing content, it partnered with more than 900 newspapers and broadcasters who split the ad revenue generated from an AP-produced multi-media package of video, photos, statistics, stories and a daily Webcast. AP's coverage included a microsite with web widgets facilitating integration with social networking and bookmarking services.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: In France, the Games were covered by France Télévisions, which included continuous live coverage on its website.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: The Olympic Torch Relay is the transfer of the Olympic flame from Ancient Olympia, Greece — where the first Olympic Games were held thousands of years ago — to the stadium of the city hosting the current Olympic Games. The flame arrives just in time for the Opening Ceremony.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: For the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Winter Games, the flame was lit in Olympia on October 22, 2009. It then traveled from Greece, over the North Pole to Canada's High Arctic and on to the West Coast and Vancouver. The relay started its long Canada journey from the British Columbia capital of Victoria. In Canada, the torch traveled approximately over 106 days, making it the longest relay route within one country in Olympic history. The Olympic Torch was carried by approximately 12,000 Canadians and reached over 1,000 communities.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: Celebrity torchbearers included Arnold Schwarzenegger, Steve Nash, Matt Lauer, Justin Morneau, Michael Bublé, Bob Costas, Shania Twain, and hockey greats including Sidney Crosby, Wayne Gretzky, and the captains of the two Vancouver Canucks teams that went to the Stanley Cup Finals: Trevor Linden () and Stan Smyl ().


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: 82 National Olympic Committees (NOC) entered teams in the 2010 Winter Olympics. Cayman Islands, Colombia, Ghana, Montenegro, Pakistan, Peru and Serbia made their winter Olympic debuts. Also Jamaica, Mexico and Morocco returned to the Games after missing the Turin Games. Tonga sought to make its Winter Olympic debut by entering a single competitor in luge, attracting some media attention, but he crashed in the final round of qualifying.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: Luxembourg qualified two athletes but did not participate because one did not reach the criteria set by the NOC and the other was injured before the Games. Below is a map of the participating nations and a list of the nations with the number of competitors indicated in brackets.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: The opening and closing ceremonies and the events categorized as ice sports (excluding bobsleigh, luge and skeleton) were held in Vancouver and Richmond. The sports categorized as "Nordic events" were held in the Callaghan Valley located just to the west of Whistler. All alpine skiing events were held on Whistler Mountain (Creekside) and sliding events (bobsleigh, luge and skeleton) were held on Blackcomb Mountain. Cypress Mountain (located in Cypress Provincial Park in West Vancouver) hosted the freestyle skiing (aerials, moguls and ski cross), and all snowboard events (half-pipe, parallel giant slalom, snowboard cross).


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: Vancouver 2010 was also the first winter Olympics in which both men's and women's hockey were played on a narrower, NHL-sized ice rink, measuring , instead of the international size of . The games were played at General Motors Place (now Rogers Arena), home of the NHL's Vancouver Canucks, which was temporarily renamed Canada Hockey Place for the duration of the Olympics. Utilizing this existing venue instead of building a new international-sized ice rink facility saved C$10 million in construction costs and allowed an additional 35,000 spectators to attend Olympic hockey games. However, some European countries expressed concern over this decision, worried that it might give North American players an advantage since they grew up playing on the smaller NHL-sized rinks. By contrast, the only other NHL venue to host Olympic hockey, the Calgary Flames' Olympic Saddledome, started construction before Calgary won the bid for the 1988 Winter Olympics and it was designed to accommodate an international ice rink.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: There were a number of events that were proposed to be included in the 2010 Winter Olympics. On November 28, 2006, the IOC Executive Board at their meeting in Kuwait voted to include ski cross in the official program. The Vancouver Olympic Committee (VANOC) subsequently approved the event to officially be part of the Games program.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: The issue over women's ski jumping being excluded ended up in the Supreme Court of British Columbia in Vancouver during April 21–24, 2009, with a verdict on July 10 excluding women's ski jumping from the 2010 Games.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: In the following calendar for the 2010 Winter Olympic Games, each blue box indicates that an event competition, such as a qualification round, was held on that day. The yellow boxes represent days during which medal-awarding finals for a sport were held with the number in these boxes representing the number of finals that were contested on that day.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: The top ten listed NOCs by number of gold medals are listed below. The host nation, Canada, is highlighted.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: "To sort this table by nation, total medal count, or any other column, click on the icon next to the column title."


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: Some in the foreign press, including London 2012 organizers, had criticized the lack of city decorations to acknowledge that Vancouver was the host of the Games. The original plans to decorate the city in Olympic colours, a tradition followed by other recent Games host cities, were canceled for several reasons. Anti-Games activists repeatedly vandalized the existing 2010 Olympics monuments such as the countdown clock, forcing the city to install CCTV cameras, and adding more Games decorations would have inevitably required more security presence to deter protesters, so VANOC opted to minimize these symbols to avoid making the city a police state. Besides local opposition, budget cutbacks also forced the organizers to scale back on the elaborate plans.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: VANOC initially benefited from an economic boom and was able to secure lucrative and record domestic sponsorships, but this boom also resulted in rapidly rising construction and labour costs. Due to these factors, as well as the late 2000s financial crisis and economic recession, VANOC built minimalistic functional venues with little aesthetic appeal though they were well-designed for post-Games usage. This approach, as well as the fact that most of the infrastructure already existed, meant that the direct costs of the Vancouver Games were much lower than recent Olympic games.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: Before the Games began and as they commenced, a number of concerns and controversies surfaced and received media attention. Hours before the opening ceremony, Georgian luger Nodar Kumaritashvili was killed during a training run, intensifying questions about the safety of the course and prompting organizers to implement quick modifications. Immediately after the accident, officials attributed it to an athlete error rather than a track deficiency. The International Luge Federation called an emergency meeting after the accident, and all other training runs were cancelled for the day. The President of Georgia, Mikheil Saakashvili, thanked the hosts for the way that they handled Kumaritashvili's death which included a moment of silence and a tribute to Kumaritashvili at the opening ceremony.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: questioned the choice of Cypress Mountain as a venue because of its potential lack of snow due to the 2009-10 El Niño. Because of this possibility, organizers had a contingency plan to truck in snow from Manning Park, about to the east of the city. This allowed events to proceed as planned.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: Political decisions involving cancellation of promised low-income housing and the creation of a community of mixed economic backgrounds for post-Games use of the athletes' village was criticized.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: Opening ceremonies were stalled while organizers dealt with mechanical problems during the cauldron lighting ceremony. Speed skating events were delayed due to breakdowns of the ice resurfacers supplied by Olympia, an official sponsor of the Games.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: Thousands of tickets were voided by organizers when weather conditions made standing-room-only areas unsafe. Visitors were also upset that, as in past Olympics, medal ceremonies required separate admission and blocks of VIP tickets reserved for sponsors and dignitaries were unused at events. Other glitches and complaints have included confusion by officials at the start of the February 16 men's and women's biathlon pursuit races, and restricted access to the Olympic flame cauldron on the Vancouver waterfront.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: Opposition to the Olympic Games was expressed by activists and politicians, including Lower Mainland mayors Derek Corrigan


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: and Richard Walton. Many of the public pre-Olympic events held in Vancouver were attended by protesters.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: On Saturday, February 13, as part of a week-long Anti-Olympic Convergence, protesters smashed windows of the Downtown Vancouver location of The Hudson's Bay department store. Protesters later argued that the Hudson's Bay Company, "has been a symbol of colonial oppression for centuries" as well as a major sponsor of the 2010 Olympics.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: Some of the issues reflected in the opposition continue the themes identified in opposition to all Olympic games, some of which are outlined in anti-Olympics activist and Professor of Sociology Helen Jefferson Lenskyj's books "Olympic Industry Resistance" (2007) and "Inside the Olympic Industry" (2000), which examined a number of different Olympic Games prior to the 2010 Winter Olympics.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: Although the Aboriginal governments of the Squamish, Musqueam, Lil'wat and Tsleil-Waututh (the "Four Host First Nations"), on whose traditional territory the Games were held, signed a protocol in 2004 in support of the games, there was opposition to the Olympics from some indigenous groups and supporters. Although the Lil'wat branch of the St'at'imc Nation is a co-host of the Games, a splinter group from the Seton band known as the St'at'imc of Sutikalh, who have also opposed the Cayoosh Ski Resort, feared the Olympics would bring unwanted tourism and real estate sales to their territory.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: Local aboriginal people, as well as Canadian Inuit, initially expressed concern over the choice of an inukshuk as the symbol of the Games, with some Inuit leaders such as former Nunavut Commissioner Peter Irniq stating that the inukshuk is a culturally important symbol to them. He said that the "Inuit never build inuksuit with head, legs and arms. I have seen inuksuit [built] more recently, 100 years maybe by non-Inuit in Nunavut, with head, legs and arms. These are not called inuksuit. These are called inunguat, imitation of man." Local aboriginal groups also expressed annoyance that the design did not reflect the Coast Salish and Interior Salish native culture from the region the Games are being held in, but rather that of the Inuit, who are indigenous to the Arctic far from Vancouver.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: On March 11, 2010, it was reported that the Polish cross country skier Kornelia Marek was tested positive for EPO by the Polish Olympic Committee. If found guilty of doping by the International Olympic Committee, Marek and the relay teams would be disqualified and stripped of their Vancouver results. She would also be banned from the next Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, in 2014.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: Marek denied taking any banned substances, but the backup "B" sample from the Vancouver doping lab confirmed the "A" sample.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: On October 9, 2017, the IOC announced that three positive doping cases had been found from their re-analysis programme from the 2010 games. All three cases belonged to the same athlete, whose identity was not released at the time. The IOC had re-tested 1,195 urine samples from the games out of the 1,710 taken, which equates to 70%, as part of their re-analysis programme.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: The massive celebratory crowds in downtown Vancouver were highly praised by the IOC. Jacques Rogge, the president of IOC, indicated that "the way Vancouver embraced these Games was extraordinary. This is really something unique and has given a great atmosphere for these Games." The atmosphere surrounding the Olympics, and its inclusion of foreign delegates and guests, was also praised, with many seasoned Winter Olympic observers putting the games at, or near, the top of the list of best ever Winter Olympics. They were also the best watched Winter Olympics since the 1994 Olympics in Lillehammer. They are also mentioned alongside the Sydney 2000 Summer games in regards to the best atmosphere. A large part is credited to the citizens of Vancouver, British Columbia and Canada.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: Some members of the media (mostly, and particularly the British media) criticized the Own the Podium and criticized the celebrations as having been somewhat nationalistic, but this was not an opinion shared by many. Some suggested that the British media were making these criticisms in order to make the upcoming 2012 Summer Olympics more appealing. Lord Sebastian Coe, chairman of the 2012 London Olympic Games Organizing Committee, attended the Vancouver Olympics to see how the city coped with the challenges of hosting. Lord Coe noted the Games had "gradually recovered from its tumultuous start" and queried that he "never thought the British would find rivals in their preoccupation with the weather which is almost elevated to an Olympic event" as he credited VANOC for meeting unforeseen challenges such as the unseasonably warm weather of Cypress Mountain. Coe added "Rarely have I seen a host city so passionate and so ready to embrace the Games".


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: The Vancouver Olympics also organized and hosted the first Pride House for LGBT athletes in the history of the event.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: Directly as a result of Canada's medal performance at the 2010 Olympics, the Government of Canada announced in the 2010 federal budget, a new commitment of $34 million over the next two years towards programs for athletes planning to compete in future Olympics. This is in addition to the $11 million per year federal government commitment to the Own the Podium program.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: Also, as a result of hosting the 2010 Olympics, the British Columbia government pledged to restore funding for sports programs and athlete development to 2008 levels, which amounts to $30 million over three years.


title: 2010 Winter Olympics

text: Unlike at previous Games, all new venues were designed with their post-Games use in mind. The Richmond Olympic Oval was converted from a speed skating oval into an indoor multi sports centre, the Hillcrest Centre is now a multi purpose community centre with hockey rink and swimming pool and Whistler Olympic Park is used for public recreation, athlete training as well as competition events.


title: Dutch angle

text: The Dutch angle, also known as Dutch tilt, canted angle, or oblique angle, is a type of camera shot which involves setting the camera at an angle on its roll axis so that the shot is composed with vertical lines at an angle to the side of the frame, or so that the horizon line of the shot is not parallel with the bottom of the camera frame. This produces a viewpoint akin to tilting one's head to the side. In cinematography, the Dutch angle is one of many cinematic techniques often used to portray psychological uneasiness or tension in the subject being filmed. The Dutch tilt is strongly associated with the German movie scene during the expressionist movement, which used the Dutch angle extensively.


title: Dutch angle

text: The word "Dutch" in this context is a bastardisation of the word "Deutsch", the German word for "German"; it is not related to the Dutch people or language. It originated in the First World War, as Navy blockades made the import (and export) of movies impossible.


title: Dutch angle

text: The "Dutch angle" is also known as a "German angle" due to its popularity in silent-era German films that popularized the shots, although one of the earliest recorded occurrences of the camera technique is to be found in the Edwin S. Porter American film "Dream of a Rarebit Fiend" (1906), itself based on the 1904 cartoon of the same name, already known for the use of surrealist and oblique angles in its drawings.


title: Dutch angle

text: The Dutch angle is a shot in which the camera has been rotated around the axis of the lens and relative to the horizon or vertical lines in the shot.


title: Dutch angle

text: The primary use of a Dutch angle is to cause a sense of unease or disorientation for the viewer. Dutch angles are often static shots, but in a dynamic (moving) Dutch angle shot, the camera can pivot, pan, or track along the established diagonal axis for the shot.


title: Dutch angle

text: Dziga Vertov's 1929 experimental documentary "Man with a Movie Camera" contains uses of the Dutch angle, among other innovative techniques pioneered by Vertov himself.


title: Dutch angle

text: The angle was widely used to depict madness, unrest, exoticism, and disorientation in German Expressionism. Montages of Dutch angles are often structured such that the tilts are horizontally opposed in each shot – for example, a right-tilted shot will be followed with a left-tilted shot, and so on.


title: Dutch angle

text: In Hollywood's classic age, one filmmaker who used Dutch angles often was Alfred Hitchcock, whose early career included time at UFA studios in Germany; examples include "Suspicion" (1941), "Strangers on a Train" (1951), and "The Man Who Knew Too Much" (1956).


title: Dutch angle

text: The 1949 film "The Third Man" makes extensive use of Dutch angle shots, to emphasize the main character's alienation in a foreign environment. Director Carol Reed has said that William Wyler gave him a spirit level after seeing the film, to sardonically encourage him to use more traditional shooting angles.


title: Dutch angle

text: Dutch angles were used extensively in the satirical 1960s "Batman" TV series (and its 1966 film spin-off) in which each villain had his or her own angle, as they were "crooked".


title: Dutch angle

text: Dutch angles are frequently used by film directors who have a background in the visual arts, such as Tim Burton (in "Edward Scissorhands" and "Ed Wood"), and Terry Gilliam (in "Brazil", "The Fisher King", "12 Monkeys", "Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas" and "Tideland") to represent madness, disorientation, or drug psychosis. In his "Evil Dead" trilogy, Sam Raimi used Dutch angles to show that a character had become possessed by evil. In Rainer Werner Fassbinder’s "Die Sehnsucht der Veronika Voss" (1982), a Dutch angle is used (twice) to convey an odd tension that strangers are exerting on the main character.


title: Dutch angle

text: "Power Rangers" used Dutch angles frequently under former stunt coordinator and executive producer Koichi Sakamoto.


title: Dutch angle

text: The Dutch angle is an overt cinematographical technique that can be overused. The science-fiction film "Battlefield Earth" (2000), in particular, drew sharp criticism for its pervasive use of the Dutch angle. In the words of film critic Roger Ebert, "the director, Roger Christian, has learned from better films that directors sometimes tilt their cameras, but he has not learned why".


title: Dutch angle

text: Dutch angles are often used in horror video games, particularly those with static camera angles such as early entries in the "Resident Evil" and "Silent Hill" franchises. Similar to their use in movies, these angles are used to bring about a feeling of unease in the player.


title: Michel Temer

text: Michel Miguel Elias Temer Lulia (; born 23 September 1940) is a Brazilian politician, lawyer and writer who served as the 37th president of Brazil from 31 August 2016 to 31 December 2018. He took office after the impeachment and removal from office of his predecessor Dilma Rousseff. He had been the 24th vice president of Brazil since 2011 and acting president since 12 May 2016, when Rousseff's powers and duties were suspended pending an impeachment trial. At the age of 75, he is the oldest person to have taken the office.


title: Michel Temer

text: The Senate's 61–20 vote on 31 August 2016 to remove Rousseff from office meant that Temer succeeded her and served out the remainder of her second term. In his first speech in office, Temer called for a government of "national salvation" and asked for the trust of the Brazilian people. He also signaled his intention to overhaul the pension system and labor laws, and to curb public spending.


title: Michel Temer

text: A 2017 poll showed that Temer's administration had 7% popular approval, with 76% of respondents in favor of Temer's resignation. Despite widespread protests, Temer refused to step down. Temer did not stand for President in the 2018 Brazilian general election and was succeeded by Jair Bolsonaro.


title: Michel Temer

text: Born in Tietê, São Paulo, Temer is the son of Nakhoul "Miguel" Elias Temer Lulia and March Barbar Lulia, Maronite Catholic Lebanese immigrants who came to Brazil in 1925. His parents, along with three older siblings, immigrated to Brazil from Abadiyeh, a small village in northern Lebanon, to escape famine and instability due to World War I. In Brazil, his parents had five more children, and Temer is the youngest. Temer is not fluent in Arabic, but is able to discern the topic of a conversation in that language.


title: Michel Temer

text: As a child, Temer dreamed of becoming a pianist. However, there were no piano teachers in his city. As a teenager, he wanted to be a writer. After failing chemistry and physics classes in his first year of high school, he gave up the "curso científico", which prioritized hard sciences and math. In 1957, he moved to São Paulo to finish high school in the "curso clássico", composed mainly of subjects in the humanities and languages.


title: Michel Temer

text: In 1959, like his four older brothers he joined the Law School of the University of São Paulo, graduating in 1963. In his freshman year, he became involved with politics by becoming a treasurer of the school's students' union. In 1962, Temer ran for the presidency of the union, but was defeated by 82 votes.


title: Michel Temer

text: Temer stayed neutral before the 1964 coup d'état. With the beginning of military rule, he moved away from politics. In 1974, he completed a doctorate in public law at the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP).


title: Michel Temer

text: In 1968, Temer began teaching constitutional law at PUC-SP, where he also taught civil law and was director of the postgraduate department and of the Brazilian Institute Of Constitutional Law as well as a member of the Ibero-American Institute of Constitutional Law.


title: Michel Temer

text: Temer published four major works in constitutional law. His most famous book is "Elements of Constitutional Law", published in 1982, which sold over 240,000 copies. The book focuses on the organization of the Brazilian state, especially on the separation of powers.


title: Michel Temer

text: His 2006 book "Democracy and Citizenship" highlighted the relevance of law and included some of his speeches as a federal deputy. In his works, he showed himself to be a supporter of parliamentarism and a political recall system, while opposing economic interventionism and tax increases.


title: Michel Temer

text: However, he considered himself a writer only in 2013, when he published "Anonymous Intimacy", a book of poems. It consists of 120 poems, many of which were written on napkins during his plane trips between São Paulo and Brasílla. Temer said writing poems helped him recover from the "barren arena of legislative politics".


title: Michel Temer

text: Beginning in 1987 Temer served six consecutive terms in the Chamber of Deputies, and on three separate occasions served two-year terms as president of the Chamber (1997–1998, 1999–2000 and 2009–2010). Temer was also a member of the 1988 constituent assembly, which promulgated the current Constitution of Brazil. He became President of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB), the largest party in Brazil.


title: Michel Temer

text: Temer was the second Vice President of Lebanese origin, after José Maria Alkmin. His family originates from the town of Btaaboura in Koura District, near Tripoli in northern Lebanon.


title: Michel Temer

text: In 2016, he was accused of having a lobbyist bribe others between 1997 and 2001 in ethanol deals through state-run oil company Petrobras. He was also under investigation for accepting more than $1.5 million in funds from construction company Camargo Correa, which works with Petrobras. Spreadsheets from the construction company listed Temer's name 21 times. The numbers next to his name added up to $345,000, which authorities alleged were bribes and which Temer said were legal campaign contributions. The claim was dismissed by the courts, and Temer denied any wrongdoing. Temer has also been accused of electoral fraud; in 2016, he allegedly solicited $2.9m in illegal campaign donations in 2014. Part of investigation is into whether bribe money helped fund the 2014 campaign that saw Dilma Rousseff re-elected president with Temer as her running mate; Temer also denies this.


title: Michel Temer

text: In 2017 Brazil's federal police said that investigators have found evidence the president received bribes to help businesses. A released video made by investigators shows Rodrigo Rocha Loures, former Temer aide, carrying a suitcase filled with about $150,000 in cash allegedly being sent from JBS S.A. to the president.


title: Michel Temer

text: In 2018, Brazilian Supreme Court Justice ordered Temer be included in an ongoing investigation into $3.07 million in illicit funds his Brazilian Democratic Party allegedly received from construction firm Odebrecht.


title: Michel Temer

text: According to official government cables published by WikiLeaks, Temer provided information to the U.S. Embassy in Brazil in 2006. Temer is described as gaining the loyalty of lower class Brazilians by strengthening social programs and opposing Lula da Silva. The report has the status "sensitive but unclassified" with Temer stating that Lula da Silva "might finally begin to heed his friends on the left" and would "be led away from the orthodox macro-economic policies that have dominated his first term".


title: Michel Temer

text: In 2015 and 2016, Temer was involved in controversy as Dilma Rousseff's impeachment process unfolded. In December 2015, Temer sent a letter to the president complaining about his distance from government decisions. The letter began with the Latin proverb ""Verba Volant, Scripta Manent"" (spoken words fly, written words remain). Temer described the communication as a "personal" unburdening about various complaints against the president. He said Rousseff had made him look like a "decorative" vice president, not an active one, despite having been invited to support her government several times in the dialogue with Congress, a role he only accepted in 2015.


title: Michel Temer

text: The letter was commented on and mocked in Brazilian social media, with images depicting the vice president as a Christmas decoration, making fun of his use of Latin, and photos purporting to show the president laughing as she read the missive, among many other things. The president's office had no immediate comment on the images, but Rousseff condemned him as a traitor to her administration.


title: Michel Temer

text: In April 2016, an audio file of Temer was leaked to the media. In it, Temer speaks as if the impeachment process had already ended and he was the new president. "I don't want to generate false expectations," Temer said on the recordings, which were first published by "Folha de S.Paulo" on 23 May. "Let's not think that a possible change in government will solve everything in three or four months."


title: Michel Temer

text: The leak came just hours before a special lower house committee was scheduled to vote whether to back the request to impeach the president, generating complaints and accusations of treachery and lack of support from a vice president conspiring against the elected president. Temer alleged it was sent incorrectly to a WhatsApp group of his party's representatives in Congress.


title: Michel Temer

text: As investigations following Operation Car Wash grew, allegations against members of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB) began to arise. In December 2015, impeachment proceedings toward Temer were filed, though his fellow party member, President of the Chamber of Deputies Eduardo Cunha, blocked the movement and instead allowed impeachment proceedings against President Rousseff.


title: Michel Temer

text: After a Supreme Court judge, Justice Mello, ruled Cunha's actions wrong, he suggested that Temer should face impeachment proceedings. Another attempt to impeach Temer began with the decision on 6 April 2016, by the president of the Chamber of Deputies, Eduardo Cunha, to form a commission for termination analysis of liability for crime offered by attorney Mariel M. Marra. Four other requests for impeachment were presented to Cunha.


title: Michel Temer

text: Cunha, who was third in line for the presidency behind Temer, faced scrutiny for alleged money laundering uncovered in Operation Car Wash. On 5 May 2016, Cunha was suspended as speaker of the lower house by Brazil's Supreme Court due to allegations that he attempted to intimidate members of Congress, and obstructed investigations into his alleged receipt of bribes.


title: Michel Temer

text: On 17 May 2016, Justice Marco Aurélio Mello allowed the impeachment request to enter the agenda of the Supreme Federal Court plenary session.


title: Michel Temer

text: In the early hours of 12 May 2016, the Federal Senate voted to accept Rousseff's impeachment. Per the Brazilian Constitution, Rousseff's powers were suspended and Temer became acting president. Temer was to serve as acting president for up to 180 days while the Senate decided whether to convict Rousseff and remove her from office, which would make Temer president for the remainder of her term, or to acquit her of "crimes of responsibility" charges and restore her presidential powers. Temer was awaiting a decision from the Supreme Federal Court to start an impeachment process against him.


title: Michel Temer

text: On his first day as acting president, Vice President Temer appointed a new cabinet, reducing the number of ministries from 32 to 23. Women's rights and Afro-Brazilian rights activists criticized the fact that all of the appointed ministers were white men, for the first time since 1979.


title: Michel Temer

text: On 2 June 2016, Temer received an eight-year ban from running for office after being convicted of violating election laws. This effectively ended any chance of Temer running for a full term as president in the 2018 election. It can be argued that he was already ineligible to run in 2018 in any event. Under the Constitution, the vice president becomes acting president whenever the president travels abroad. Due to the manner in which the Constitution's provisions on term limits are worded, whenever a vice president serves as acting president for any reason, it counts toward the limit of two consecutive terms.


title: Michel Temer

text: As acting president, he opened the Summer Olympics held in Rio de Janeiro on 5 August 2016 at the Maracanã Stadium.


title: Michel Temer

text: On 31 August 2016, the Senate voted to convict Rousseff, thereby removing her from office and making Temer President of Brazil. He would serve out the balance of Rousseff's second term, which finished on 31 December 2018. The vice-president position then became vacant, with the President of the Chamber of Deputies (at the time Rodrigo Maia) acting as the first constitutional substitute during his term. On 7 September 2016, he opened the Summer Paralympics at the Maracanã amid massive booing from the spectators.


title: Michel Temer

text: In October 2016, the Constitution of Brazil was amended by deputies to cap public spending, effectively frozen for twenty years, adjusted for inflation only. This measure was the subject of both praise and criticism among the Brazilian middle-class.


title: Michel Temer

text: In November 2016, Marcelo Calero, Temer's former Minister of Culture, resigned, stating that Temer had pressured him to help an ally, government secretary Geddel Vieira Lima, who had invested in a development that was being delayed by a heritage preservation measure by allowing construction to go ahead in spite of said measure. Vieira Lima resigned on 25 November 2016, and opposition leaders stated that they would seek President Temer's impeachment over this incident. Temer denied the corruption allegations but admitted talking to Calero about the project.


title: Michel Temer

text: In March 2017, Temer decided to move to the vice presidential residence again. He had recent problems with the Brazilian Historical Heritage Institute due to the architectural changes he made to the Presidential Palace. In an interview to the Brazilian news magazine "Veja" he mentioned he could not sleep in the "ample rooms" and questioned the possibility of ghosts.


title: Michel Temer

text: On 28 April 2017, trade unions called for a general strike against the pension and labor reforms proposed in his government, which saw shutdowns of various public services in state capitals and major cities. The government announces the abolition of "popular pharmacies" for the summer of 2017. Created in 2004 under the presidency of Lula, they allowed the most disadvantaged to obtain low-cost medicines.


title: Michel Temer

text: On 16 February 2018, Temer signed a law aimed at tackling the organised crime element in Rio de Janeiro, transferring full control of security to the military. The military will reportedly remain in control of security until 1 January 2019. The next day, Temer suggested establishing a Ministry of Public Security in the near future.


title: Michel Temer

text: According to data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, extreme poverty increased by 11 per cent in 2017, while inequalities also increased again (the Gini index rose from 0.555 to 0.567). The reduction in the number of Bolsa Família beneficiaries decided by the government is the main cause, according to the study.


title: Michel Temer

text: On 17 May 2017, secretly taped recordings leaked by "O Globo", a leading national newspaper, reveal the President discussing hush money pay-offs with Joesley Batista, the businessman who runs the country's biggest meat-packing firm JBS, prompting talk of trying again to impeach him.


title: Michel Temer

text: On Wednesday 24 May 2017, while thousands of angry demonstrators marched towards Congress demanding Temer's resignation and immediate direct presidential elections, Temer sought to suppress a revolt within his own party.


title: Michel Temer

text: Overwhelmed by protests, Temer deployed federal troops to the capital. Many photographs and testimonials taken during the protest show police violence, and officers shooting at demonstrators during the manifestation. President Temer's refusal to resign made him increasingly unpopular and provoked not only a political stalemate but also uncertainty, plunging the country into crisis and amplifying the worst recession in its history.


title: Michel Temer

text: On 9 June 2017, the Brazilian Superior Electoral Court voted 4–3 to acquit Temer and Rousseff of alleged illegal campaign funding in the 2014 election, thus allowing him to stay in office.


title: Michel Temer

text: Former Odebrecht Vice President Marcio Faria da Silva said in testimony given as part of a plea bargain that Temer asked him at a meeting to arrange a $40 million payment to Temer's party, the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB). Faria said he met with Temer at his law office, and that speaker of the lower house Eduardo Cunha and Congressman Henrique Eduardo Alves were also present. The payment represented a 5% commission on a contract Odebrecht was seeking with the state-run oil company Petrobras, Faria said. Supreme Court Justice Luiz Edson Fachin made this and other testimony public, and ordered an investigation of more than 100 politicians implicated in bribes and kickbacks at state-run companies, particularly Petrobras.


title: Michel Temer

text: On 26 June 2017, Temer was charged by Prosecutor-General Rodrigo Janot with accepting bribes and Janot delivered the charges to the Supreme Federal Court. The lower house was required to vote on the charges, which medfrom allegations that he took $5 million in return for clearing up JBS tax problems and facilitating a loan. At the time, Temer still had the support of speaker of the lower house Rodrigo Maia, who possessed the power to accept or shelve a petition for impeachment.


title: Michel Temer

text: The Federal Police (PF), who were forced by funding restrictions to disband before all investigations into the matter were complete, had recommended that Temer also be charged with obstruction of justice. Torquato Jardim, who was Temer's third Justice Minister in 2017, had unsuccessfully attempted to change the leadership of the PF, and to implement a series of legislative initiatives focused on amnesty and changes to the code of criminal procedure.


title: Michel Temer

text: In June 2017 Temer's approval rating stood at 7%, the lowest for any President of Brazil in more than thirty years. In a survey conducted by the IBOPE institute, between 24 and 26 July 81% of Brazilians favored the indictment of the President.


title: Michel Temer

text: On 2 August, lawmakers in the lower house in Congress voted not to refer the case against the scandal-plagued President to the supreme court, which had the power to try him. Observers stated that the move to shield Temer further undermined the credibility of Brazil's political and electoral system.


title: Michel Temer

text: On 21 March 2019, Temer was arrested during the investigation into Operation Car Wash. On March 25, a "habeas corpus" was issued on behalf of Temer by desembargador Antonio Ivan Athié.


title: Michel Temer

text: On 22 August 2017, Temer issued a decree to dissolve the "Reserva Nacional do Cobre e Associados" (Renca) Amazonian reserve in Brazil's northern states of Pará and Amapá, measuring 4 million hectares to allow mining by private companies and the conversion of forest into crops for agro-business companies. After widespread criticism, the decree was revoked on 26 September.


title: Michel Temer

text: In an Ibope survey in September 2016, after approximately a month of President Temer's administration, 39% of Brazilians rated his administration "bad or terrible", while 14% considered it "great or good". 2,002 people were heard between 20 and 25 September, and the margin of error was two percentage points.


title: Michel Temer

text: A poll by Datafolha in June 2018 showed 82% of Brazilians rating his administration "bad or very bad", the most of any president since the Brazilian transition to democracy.


title: Michel Temer

text: Temer and his first wife Maria Célia Toledo had three daughters: Luciana (1969), Maristela (1972), and Clarissa (1974).


title: Michel Temer

text: In 2002, Temer met Marcela Tedeschi (born 1983), who was attending the annual political convention of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB) with her uncle Geraldo, a Paulínia municipal employee. They married on 26 July 2003, in a small ceremony. In 2009, Marcela graduated with a law degree from "Fadisp", a private school in São Paulo. In an interview, Marcela said she never took the licensing exam because of the birth of the couple's son Michel, also known by his nickname "Michelzinho".


title: Uncontrollably Fond

text: Uncontrollably Fond () is a South Korean television series starring Kim Woo-bin and Bae Suzy. It aired from July 6 to September 8, 2016 on KBS2's Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 (KST) time slot.


title: Uncontrollably Fond

text: Shin Joon-young (Kim Woo-bin) and Noh Eul (Bae Suzy) were classmates who were separated during their teenage years due to an ill-fated relationship, but later meet each other in adulthood. Shin Joon-young is now a top actor-singer while Noh Eul is a documentary producer.


title: Uncontrollably Fond

text: Noh Eul had a tough childhood; her father died in a hit-and-run prompting Noh Eul to quit school and make a living for herself and her brother. Shin Joon-young, on the other hand, had his life planned out for him. His mother wanted him to become a prosecutor to follow the footsteps of his estranged father, but an incident caused him to quit law school and become a singer-actor.


title: Uncontrollably Fond

text: The two later reunite when Noh Eul is tasked to film Shin Joon-young's documentary after telling the producer that wanted to shoot the documentary that she can persuade him for giving consent to shoot the documentary. Joon-young initially gives Noh Eul a miserable time before finally agreeing to do the documentary and eventually tries to win her heart back.


title: Uncontrollably Fond

text: Filming began on November 26, 2015 at Kyungnam University in Changwon, South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea; and finished on April 12, 2016.


title: Uncontrollably Fond

text: The series reunited Kim Woo-bin and Lim Ju-eun who both starred in the hit drama "The Heirs" and Bae Suzy, Lee Yu-bi, Jin Kyung and Kim Ki-bang who starred in the historical drama "Gu Family Book".


title: Uncontrollably Fond

text: The original soundtrack of "Uncontrollably Fond" was divided into two volumes: Volume 1 consists of songs from Parts 1 to 8 and Midnight Youth's "Golden Love" from Part 14 (also known as the pop OST), while Volume 2 consists of songs from Parts 9 to 15 and tracks by New Empire from Part 14.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: José Andrés Guardado Hernández (; born 28 September 1986) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for La Liga club Real Betis and captains the Mexico national team.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: Popularly known as "Principito" (Spanish for "Little Prince"), Guardado came through the youth ranks at Atlas, making his professional debut in 2005 before signing with Spain's Deportivo two years later, where he spent five seasons. In 2012 he joined Valencia, with brief loan stints at Bayer Leverkusen and PSV, before permanently joining the latter club in 2015 and winning two Eredivisie titles. He returned to Spain two years later with Real Betis, where he has since made over 175 appearances.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: A Mexican international since 2005, Guardado represented the country in five World Cups, four Gold Cups – winning the 2011, 2015 and 2019 tournaments – two Copa Américas and two Confederations Cups. He is the most-capped player in the history of the national team with 179 appearances, and joint tenth on the all-time scorer list with 28 goals.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: Born in Guadalajara, Jalisco, to Andrés Manuel and Teresa ("née" Hernández), Guardado began playing professionally for local side Atlas, joining the team's youth system at the age of seven and going on to appear in two full Primera División seasons. He made his league debut on 20 August 2005, in a 3–2 home win against C.F. Pachuca, and on 15 October, scored his first goal against Tigres UANL in a 2–1 away victory. At the end of the tournament, he was voted best rookie.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: On 19 August 2006, Guardado scored his first professional brace against Club América in a 2–0 home victory, both of them being long-range shots from outside the box. His performances in his second season led him to win back-to-back (Apertura and Clausura) awards for best full-back.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: In the summer of 2006, press speculation linked Guardado to several Serie A teams as well as Real Madrid, but Deportivo de La Coruña moved quickly and made an offer of €7 million for 75% of his rights. An offer was accepted and the transfer was finalised on 7 July 2007, making him the most expensive ever Mexican player at the time; Atlas retained a 25% sell-on-fee as long as it held the remaining 25% of his rights.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: Guardado played his final match at the Estadio Jalisco in a friendly against the Argentine champions San Lorenzo de Almagro, featuring 30 minutes. At half-time, he was awarded the club's highest honor, the Athletic Excellence Award.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: Guardado was officially introduced on 24 July 2007, with the Spanish team giving him the number 18 shirt. He made his La Liga debut on 26 August in a 3–0 home loss to UD Almería and on 16 September scored his first goal against Real Betis, attacking a long throw-in at the back post, in which his attempt was described as "karate style" finish, in a 1–0 victory. He finished his first season with 26 games and five goals as "Depor" finished in ninth position, eventually qualifying to the UEFA Intertoto Cup – and the subsequent UEFA Cup, where he scored in a 3–0 group stage home win over Feyenoord; he was voted by fans as the best player.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: Halfway through his second year, fans chose Guardado as the best player of 2008. Coach Miguel Ángel Lotina stated that he was a key player for Deportivo, and admired his talent and character. He solidified himself as first choice, providing several assists and being charged with set pieces; he was also hampered by several injuries, however.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: On 20 September 2010, Guardado scored a brace within seven minutes of each other, both penalties, in a 2–2 draw against Getafe CF. On 15 May 2011, he made his 100th La Liga appearance in a scoreless draw at FC Barcelona, the third Mexican to achieve this feat behind Rafael Márquez and Hugo Sánchez. He only managed to take part in 20 matches in 2010–11, and the Galicians were relegated to Segunda División after 20 years.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: In January 2012, Guardado was voted by fans as the best player of the previous year. On 27 March 2012 he confirmed that he would leave the Estadio Riazor on 30 June, and contributed career-bests of 11 goals and 12 assists as his team returned to the top level as champions. At the end of the campaign he was again voted by fans as best player, and was also named the competition's best attacking midfielder; additionally, he eventually surpassed Juan Carlos Valerón as the highest provider of assists.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: On 28 May 2012, Guardado signed a four-year contract with Valencia CF. He made his debut on 19 August, playing 66 minutes in a 1–1 away draw against Real Madrid; two days later, following his five-year residence in the country, he attained his Spanish citizenship. His debut appearance in the UEFA Champions League took place on 12 September, in a 2–1 group stage loss at eventual winners Bayern Munich. During his first season he featured regularly at left-back, mainly due to the serious injury of Jérémy Mathieu.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: Guardado scored his first goal for the "Che" on 12 May 2013, contributing to a 4–0 rout at Rayo Vallecano, and he featured mostly in the backline the following months. On 30 January 2014, Bundesliga club Bayer 04 Leverkusen announced that they had signed him on loan for the rest of the season, with an option to buy afterwards. He made his debut on 2 February in a 1–0 loss against 1. FC Kaiserslautern for the DFB-Pokal, playing as a left wing-back.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: Guardado's playing time at both the Mestalla Stadium and the BayArena was hampered by injuries and loss of form.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: For 2014–15, still owned by Valencia, Guardado joined PSV Eindhoven, who had previously attempted purchasing him in 2007. He made his Eredivisie debut on 31 August 2014 against Vitesse Arnhem at Philips Stadion. He managed to wear the captain's armband within his first months, won the Player of the Month award for November, and on 7 March of the following year he scored his first goal for his new club, contributing to a 3–0 away victory over Go Ahead Eagles.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: On 15 March 2015, prior to the match against FC Groningen and amidst rumours of a transfer to AFC Ajax, PSV fans displayed a Mexican flag tifo and a banner in Spanish which read "Andrés Guardado, our Golden Mexican Eagle. He has to stay in PSV Eindhoven. Our house is your house, Andrés". On 27 March, PSV announced that they had reached a deal with Valencia over a permanent transfer, for an undisclosed fee and three years.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: On 18 April 2015, with three matches to spare, the team won the league championship after a 4–1 win over SC Heerenveen, with Guardado playing the full 90 minutes. At the end of his first season, his impressive performances led him to be named player of the year by Dutch magazines "Algemeen Dagblad" and "Voetbal International"; his displays also led to his inclusion in that year's FIFA Ballon d'Or longlist.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: At the start of the following campaign, Guardado came on as a 74th-minute substitute in the Johan Cruyff Shield match against Groningen, winning 3–0. He contributed 25 appearances to help the side successfully defend their title, finishing with nine assists as the team's second-highest provider. He played a pivotal part as they qualified to the Champions League round of 16 for the first time since the 2006–07 edition, and was also listed on Football Oranje's team of the season.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: On 31 July 2016, Guardado was in the starting eleven against Feyenoord, who were defeated 1–0 in the Johan Cruyff Shield. On 14 May 2017, he made his 100th competitive appearance for the club in a 4–1 victory over PEC Zwolle.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: Despite rumors linking him to a possible move to Atlanta United and Los Angeles FC of the Major League Soccer, it was announced on 27 July 2017 that Spanish club Real Betis had signed Guardado for a reported €2.3 million on a three-year deal. The following month he was named their co-captain, and on 20 August he made his competitive debut, playing all 90 minutes in a 2–0 loss to Barcelona. He scored his first goal on 25 November, in a 2–2 home draw against Girona FC.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: In December 2019, the 33-year-old Guardado renewed his contract until 2022. On 4 July 2020 he made his 100th official appearance for the Andalusians, captaining the side in their 1–1 league draw to RC Celta de Vigo and becoming the first Mexican to reach that mark for three European clubs in the process. On 11 July, he picked up a hamstring injury in a 1–0 league loss to Atlético Madrid, causing him to miss the rest of the season.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: Following an absence as a result of the hamstring injury, Guardado played his first match of the 2020–21 season against Valencia on 3 October, coming on as a stoppage time substitute in a 2–0 away league victory, marking it as his 14th season in Europe and becoming the Mexican with most seasons in Europe, surpassing Hugo Sánchez's record of 13. On 17 January 2021, after recovering for nearly two weeks from COVID-19, Guardado returned to the field, coming on as a second-half substitute in the Copa del Rey round of 32 match against Sporting de Gijón, winning 2–0.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: On 11 January 2022, following his appearance in the league match against Rayo Vallecano, Guardado became the Mexican player with the most games in Europe with 496, surpassing the record held by Hugo Sánchez. He reached the 500 game mark on 13 February in the 4–2 victory over Levante. The following month, it was announced that the 35-year-old Guardado had extended his contract with Real Betis for one more season. On 23 April, in the Spanish Cup final against Valencia, Guardado came on as a substitute in extra time in a 1–1 draw that went into penalties, successfully converting his shot as his team won the cup.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: Guardado made his first appearance for Mexico in a friendly match against Hungary on 14 December 2005, four months after his first-team debut with Atlas. He was then called up to represent his country at the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany, where he appeared in the 2–1 loss to Argentina in the round of 16, starting as a shifting attacking midfielder/wing-back alongside Ramón Morales but was replaced by Gonzalo Pineda after picking up an injury in the second half; after the departure of manager Ricardo La Volpe, his replacement Hugo Sánchez kept the player in his squad.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: Guardado's first game under the new manager was an exhibition game against the United States on 7 February 2007, where he came on as a substitute in a 0–2 defeat. On 28 February, in a friendly with Venezuela, he scored his first international goal in Mexico's 3–1 victory.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: In the final of the 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup, Guardado scored the opening goal against the United States. During the second half he collided head-on with Jonathan Spector while both attempted to head the ball, but recovered to play the rest of the match, which ended in a 2–1 loss; he was listed as an "Honorable Mention" for the competition's All-Tournament Team. He also participated in that year's Copa América, scoring the third goal against Uruguay in the third-place match.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: Javier Aguirre included Guardado in the roster for the 2010 World Cup. He assisted Rafael Márquez in the opening game of the World Cup against hosts South Africa, in a 1–1 draw. An expected starter, he lacked playing time and appeared in three out of four games, in another last-16 exit at the hands of Argentina.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: In May 2011, Guardado was called up by José Manuel de la Torre for the 2011 Gold Cup. He scored his first brace with the national team during that tournament, in a 4–1 win over Costa Rica on 12 June. He found the net again in the final in a 4–2 victory over the United States, as Mexico retained the trophy.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: Guardado made the squad for the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup in Brazil. As "El Tri" failed to progress from the group stage, he played all three matches.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: On 5 March 2014, Guardado made his 100th appearance for Mexico in a friendly with Nigeria. Selected by Miguel Herrera for the 2014 World Cup in Brazil, he started all the games as a left midfielder, and scored in the last group phase fixture, a 3–1 win against Croatia. Mexico faced the Netherlands in the round of 16, being controversially eliminated after succumbing to a 2–1 defeat. Following the end of the tournament, Herrera declared that Guardado would captain the following September friendlies with Chile and Bolivia, in instances when actual captain Rafael Márquez was absent.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: At the 2015 Gold Cup, Guardado's first tournament as captain, he scored six times en route to the title; the first being a first-half effort in a 6–0 demolition of Cuba in the group stage, the second in a 4–4 draw against Trinidad and Tobago, and his third via penalty kick in the last minute of stoppage time in the 1–0 quarter-final victory against Costa Rica. In the semi-finals with Panama, he scored twice from the penalty spot to help "El Tri" come from behind and win 2–1 and, in the decisive match against Jamaica, scored the opener in an eventual 3–1 victory, becoming the first player to score in three Gold Cup finals, and subsequently won the Golden Ball Award as the tournament's best player. He was also called up by then interim-manager Ricardo Ferretti for the subsequent CONCACAF Cup – a play-off match to determine CONCACAF's entry into the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup – against the United States, which Mexico won 3–2.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: Picked for the Copa América Centenario squad by Juan Carlos Osorio, Guardado provided a cross in the opening fixture against Uruguay that led to an own goal in an eventual 3–1 victory, but was also sent off for two bookable offences. He took part in a further two games, including the team's 7–0 quarter-final defeat to Chile.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: Guardado also made the final list for the 2017 Confederations Cup in Russia, where he appeared as captain in the group stage fixtures against Portugal and Russia, picking up a yellow card on both occasions and thus missing the semi-final match against Germany. He returned to the lineup in the third-place playoff, a 2–1 loss to Portugal.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: Following an injury scare that required medical intervention that was picked up while playing with Betis, Guardado was selected in the final 23-man squad for the 2018 World Cup, his first as captain. In the first match, he played 74 minutes in a 1–0 defeat of Germany, going on to take part in all the fixtures including the round of 16 loss with Brazil. Following their elimination, it was reported by Mexican sports newspaper "Récord" that he had played through the tournament with a muscle injury.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: Guardado was called up by Gerardo Martino to participate in the 2019 Gold Cup. In the second group match against Canada, he replaced the injured Érick Gutiérrez at the 37th minute and scored twice, helping to a 3–1 win and being named Player of the match. He broke various CONCACAF-based records at the end of that stage, among them the most-capped Mexican player in the Gold Cup and the only from the country to score in four editions of the CONCACAF Gold Cup, eventually winning the competition and being included in the Best XI.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: In October 2022, Guardado was named in Mexico's preliminary 31-man squad for the 2022 FIFA World Cup, and in November, he was ultimately included in the final 26-man roster.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: Guardado started his career as a winger at Atlas, occasionally playing as a left-back. He was mainly deployed in the former position at Deportivo by Miguel Ángel Lotina, and changed to the latter after moving to Valencia. When played as a winger, he was an incisive and quick footballer, known to play deep into the field, take on defenders one-on-one and provide accurate crosses, managing to score for both club and country.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: In 2014, under Miguel Herrera's improvisation, Guardado began to play as a defensive midfielder for the national team. At PSV, manager Phillip Cocu facilitated his positional change as injuries hampered his speed, as the latter began to operate as a central midfielder with box-to-box and deep-lying playmaker qualities; he later took on more defensive duties.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: A creative player with excellent vision, Guardado is also a technically proficient player known for establishing the tempo of his team. He also has good passing and dribbling skills, also being proficient at free kicks, penalties and holding up the ball. He also possesses a powerful and accurate shot from distance, and is also capable of aiding his team defensively due to his work rate and stamina; additionally, he was described as playing closer to the "Iberian midfielder archetype," focused on possession in the center of the field, winning the ball back with smart positioning instead of tackles and then pushing it forward.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: Guardado has cited his compatriot and national teammate Rafael Márquez as an influence in his playing style and leadership.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: Guardado married fellow Guadalajara native Briana Morales in December 2006. Five years later, they divorced.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: Guardado is an "honorary associate" of the "Asociación Mexicana de Futbolistas" (Mexican Footballers Association), created in October 2017. An association that its main goal is, according to him, to "create a dialogue with league, federation and club authorities" with the domestic footballers.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: Much of Guardado's first year at Betis' Estadio Benito Villamarín was captured in the Amazon Prime television documentary series "Six Dreams", in which he was one of the stars.


title: Andrés Guardado

text: On 1 January 2021, it was reported that Guardado tested positive for COVID-19. By 13 January, he recovered.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: Lucia Roberta Tough Bronze (born 28 October 1991), known as Lucy Bronze, is a professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Barcelona and the England national team. She has previously played for Sunderland, Everton, Liverpool, Lyon and Manchester City as well as North Carolina at college level in the United States and Great Britain at the Olympics. Bronze has won three UEFA Women's Champions League titles with Lyon as well as three FA Women's Super League titles with Liverpool and Manchester City. With England, she won the UEFA Women's Euro 2022.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: Bronze represented England at all youth levels before being named in the full national squad at Euro 2013. She won the Silver Ball at the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup in France, helping England to a fourth-place finish, and was named to the All-Star Squad at the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup in Canada, in which England finished third. She has won the PFA Women's Players' Player of the Year award twice – in 2014 and 2017.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: In 2018 and 2020, Bronze was named BBC Women's Footballer of the Year. In 2019, she became the first English footballer to win the UEFA Women's Player of the Year Award. Bronze was named The Best FIFA Women's Player in December 2020. She has been described as the best player in the world, and is widely considered to be one of the all-time best players in women's football. "Men in Blazers" listed her as one of the 100 best footballers (men and women) of all time.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: Lucia Roberta Tough Bronze was born on 28 October 1991 in Berwick-upon-Tweed by the Anglo-Scottish border in North East England to a Portuguese father, Joaquim Bronze, and an English mother, Diane née Tough. She is British-Portuguese and has two siblings: an older brother, Jorge, who was born in Portugal, and younger sister, Sophie. They were raised bilingual, though Bronze has said she is not very comfortable when speaking Portuguese. She was very shy as a child and wouldn't speak much in general. As an infant, she began playing football with her brother and his friends, first playing in Faro. She grew up around the North East, living on Lindisfarne (Holy Island), where her grandmother was caretaker of Lindisfarne Castle, in Belford, and in Alnwick.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: She attended the Duchess's Community High School in Alnwick with middle-distance runner Laura Weightman and future England teammate Lucy Staniforth. Here, she played as a midfielder and was the captain in football, as well as captain of the tennis and hockey teams; her mother encouraged Bronze to pursue tennis rather than football, but began supporting her ambitions after she was told by the Football Association (FA) she could no longer play for a boys' team when she turned twelve. Though preferring team sports, she took part in many others, including reaching the national finals in cross country and pentathlon, and at one point aiming to go to the Olympic Games as an 800 metres runner. Her mother is a maths teacher and, keen in mathematics herself, Bronze received a bronze award in the United Kingdom Mathematics Trust Challenge.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: When she was seventeen, in 2009, Bronze finished sixth form a year early and moved to North Carolina to study at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and play for the Tar Heels women's soccer team at college level. She returned to England after a year, transferring to Leeds Metropolitan University to continue her sports science degree, graduating in 2013. At Leeds, she had to take jobs working at a bar and at Domino's Pizza to support herself.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: Bronze played with Alnwick Town to the under-11 level, but FA rules prevented her from continuing with the boys' team. In the Alnwick mixed-gender juniors squad, Bronze was the best player on the team, picking up six "man of the match" awards from eight games; the manager was so intent for her to continue playing when she turned twelve that he helped open a discrimination case against the FA in the hopes they would allow an exception. They did not, but did set a target to support more girls' football teams in rural Northern areas as an alternative solution.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: Bronze then began attending summer training camps in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, something her mother had discovered when looking for opportunities for her to continue to play football, and playing for Sunderland at under-12 academy level. Though the nearest girls' team to Alnwick, it was still several hours away, and Bronze has said between school and training she had no time for anything else. The travel was draining and Bronze was shy going to Sunderland, so when she was old enough (the option of playing above her age group was also referred to the FA and denied), she played for Blyth Town, a closer side that had an under-14 girls' team. She returned to Sunderland when she reached under-15 level, and was the captain of their under-16 team.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: Bronze joined the Sunderland senior team when she turned 16 in 2007. In 2007–08, Bronze was named Manager's Player of the Year as Sunderland finished third in the FA Women's Premier League Northern Division. The next season she helped them win the Northern Division and gain promotion to the National Division. Bronze also started in the 2009 FA Women's Cup Final, being awarded the Player of the Match award in Sunderland's 1–2 defeat to Arsenal. After a semester in the United States, Bronze returned to England in December 2009 and was included on the Sunderland squad for initial matches in the National Division.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: In the summer of 2009, Bronze moved to the United States, studying at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and playing for their soccer team, the Tar Heels, the most successful Division 1 team in the country; during her time there, Bronze said that she did not feel nervous to live up to such a legacy or play in the college championships as she did not really understand it. She won a scholarship from coach Anson Dorrance after impressing him during several soccer camps. Originally recruited to play as a true freshman defender and told she would not get many minutes behind more senior players, the season-ending injury suffered by Nikki Washington saw Bronze featured prominently in the midfield for the team, winning the ACC tournament and eventually becoming the first British player to win an NCAA Cup in December 2009 after having assisted for the crucial goal in the semi-final. All-American honours as a midfielder followed for Bronze, who scored three goals and provided four assists in 24 games, with Dorrance saying that she brought a level of polish and savviness from English football to the team and the college writing that she "dominated" in the NCAA tournament for them.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: Bronze missed a match in September to train with the under-20 squad in England, and returned for international training again in December 2009, having been told by England that if she continued to play in the United States then they would not consider her for the national team. During England training, she injured her knee, which then became infected, and she spent much of the next year in a leg brace. She transferred to Leeds Metropolitan University in 2010. She became a "key member" of the Leeds Met university women's football team, which won the BUCS North Premier Division in the 2010–11 year.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: Mo Marley, who coached Bronze in England youth squads, offered Bronze a spot on the Everton squad Marley was coaching in the summer of 2010; with Everton, Bronze could play in the newly established Women's Super League, which Sunderland would not be joining. She was named in Everton's UEFA Women's Champions League squad in September 2010 and debuted for the club in a 0–0 draw against MTK in Hungary, continuing to play for Sunderland for the remainder of 2010.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: For all of her time at Everton, Bronze was recovering from her knee injury; she did not play often, and continued to predominantly work at Domino's. She played in six matches for Everton during the 2011 FA WSL season, starting five of these on the bench. Everton finished in third place in the league, with a record. During the 2012 FA WSL, she started ten of the eleven matches she played. She scored her first Everton goal during a 2–0 win against Liverpool Everton also finished this season in third place with a record. Bronze spent the two years following her knee surgeries using what she learnt in her sports science degree to create her own rehabilitation plan. Pundit and former player Alex Scott, whose position Bronze took, later said that the years Bronze spent determined to overcome her injury were instrumental in her developing the physical and mental strength to reach the level she has.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: In November 2012, Bronze left Everton to sign for local rivals Liverpool, following Natasha Dowie and Fara Williams who had made the same move days earlier.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: Bronze was part of the Liverpool side that won the FA WSL in 2013 and again in 2014. During the 2013 FA WSL season, she was a starting defender in 13 of the 14 matches she played. She scored a goal during the team's 4–1 win over Birmingham City. Liverpool finished in first place and suffered only two defeats. During the 2014 FA WSL, Bronze started all matches for Liverpool helping the team to another league championship and a record; a victory against Bristol Academy on the last day, including a goal from Bronze, saw Liverpool jump from third to first in the league.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: In 2014, Bronze was awarded the PFA Women's Players' Player of the Year. Following her second league title, she departed Liverpool to sign for Manchester City.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: Bronze signed for Manchester City in November 2014, following the team's successful opening season, with Bronze saying that what the club offered its female players was "unheard of really".


title: Lucy Bronze

text: In her first year at Manchester City, Bronze scored two goals from the full-back position, helping City to second place in the league and qualification for the UEFA Women's Champions League for the first time. In 2016, her second season in Manchester, she scored two league goals as the Blues went unbeaten for the entire season. The defender contributed to an outstanding record which saw Manchester City only concede four league goals. She also helped Manchester City to their second FA WSL Cup win in three years, scoring the winning goal in the 105th minute of the final. Bronze was also named FA WSL 1 Players' Player of the Year. She played a part in both the home and away leg of Manchester City's first ever Champions League games, scoring two and assisting two in a 6–0 aggregate win over Russian champions Zvezda Perm. She ended competition with eight appearances, as Manchester City reached the semi-finals of the 2016–17 edition of the UEFA Women's Champions League, with their title hopes ended in late April when they lost to Olympique Lyonnais (Lyon) 3–2 on aggregate. On 23 April 2017, Bronze was named PFA Women's Players' Player of the Year for second time; selected in the PFA WSL Team of the Year and Women's Champions League Squad of the Season. In the 2017 Women's FA Cup Final in May, Bronze scored the opening goal and provided the assist for the second, with City winning 4–1.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: Later that year, she was shortlisted for the UEFA Women's Player of the Year Award and The Best FIFA Women's Player Award, but finished eighth and ninth respectively in the voting. At the end of 2016, Bronze was ranked tenth on The 100 Best Female Footballers in the World list by "The Offside Rule"/"The Guardian", placing fifth in 2017.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: In August 2017, Bronze signed a three-year contract with Lyon. In the 2017–18 season of the UEFA Women's Champions League, Bronze made eight appearances, scoring two goals as Lyon reached the final. Lucy featured in the final match of the UEFA Women's Champions League and helped Lyon win the competition. In the Division 1 Féminine league, Lucy made nineteen appearances, scoring two goals, as Lyon captured its twelfth straight league title. Bronze was named in the Team of the Year for D1 Feminine and Women's Champions League Squad of the Season. In the Coupe de France, Bronze and Lyon were unable to defend their Coupe de France title, losing to Paris Saint-German in the final. Bronze has been shortlisted for the inaugural Women's Ballon d'Or award, was one of 10 players nominated for UEFA Women's Player of the Year Award and The Best FIFA Women's Player Award, but finished sixth, fifth and sixth respectively. She was number four on "The Guardian"'s 2018 100 best list.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: During the 2018–19 season, Bronze made 29 appearances for the Lyon in all competitions, scored two goals and collected her second Division 1 Féminine league title winner's medal; she also won Coupe de France Féminine title and helped Lyon win a second consecutive UEFA Women's Champions League trophy.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: Bronze helped Lyon win Trophée des Championnes in 2019 – a first historic new trophy against Paris Saint-Germain. The same year, for her performances in the tournaments, the defender finished as runner-up for the Women's Ballon d'Or, was named UEFA Women's Player of the Year Award and finished third in the voting for The Best FIFA Women's Player Award. At the end of 2019 "The Guardian" ranked her second on the 100 best list.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: At the end of the season, Bronze confirmed that she would be leaving Lyon, following the expiration of her contract. She won nine trophies in three seasons with the club.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: On 8 September 2020, Bronze rejoined Manchester City on a two-year deal, following the conclusion of her contract with Olympique Lyonnais, which brought the curtain down on a trophy-laden three-year spell in France. In 2020, after winning a treble with Olympique Lyonnais and for her performances in the tournaments, she was named as winner for The Best FIFA Women's Player Award on 17 December 2020, becoming the first defender to win the award and the first English footballer to do so. In 2020, she was third on the 100 best list produced by "Offside Rule" and "The Guardian", coming in at 34th at the end of 2021, her first time outside the top 10 since the list began. After leaving City again over the summer of 2022, Bronze said that in her last year with the club she had not been completely happy or confident. "The Guardian" reported around the time that while Bronze and City manager Gareth Taylor did not mention it in public, there were tensions between them about Bronze's role in the City team during the previous season.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: In June 2022, Bronze agreed to join Barcelona after her contract with Manchester City expired; Bronze said that she prefers playing abroad and wanted to take the opportunity to play for a club as renowned as Barcelona. In August 2022, Barcelona announced that they would register Bronze as a Portuguese national, due to Spanish footballing bodies and the Royal Spanish Football Federation (RFEF) having not agreed, shortly before the season began, how many non-EU citizens each team could register and so preventing new non-EU players from being registered until this was resolved. Spanish media reported heavily on the uncertainty, with Bronze at the time said to be "bemused by the fuss"; she told "The Guardian" that using her Portuguese ID was as valid as using her British ID and not playing the system.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: In the 2022–23 pre-season for Barcelona, Bronze mentioned that the coach encouraged her to be fluid in her position as a right back; in their first league game, she moved into the midfield in the 60th minute to make plays with England teammate Keira Walsh. Then-England manager Phil Neville had commented in 2019 that "Walsh and Bronze together in central midfield are so brave and so good at winning the ball, and then keeping it, under pressure. They are colossi."


title: Lucy Bronze

text: She scored her first goal for Barcelona in an "Otro Clásico" match against Atlético Madrid on 27 November 2022, with a diving header for Barcelona's third of the game. Her second goal, in the very next game, was an 89th-minute match-winner, taking Barcelona ahead for the first time in the game to preserve their winning run.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: Bronze aspired to play for England but noticed scouts never went up to Sunderland; at a summer camp in North Carolina, Dorrance promised to help her, and used his contacts at Arsenal to have someone go to watch her play, after which Sunderland players were taken into the England youth system. Bronze was called into the England under-17 squad in March 2007, aged fifteen, while she was playing for Blyth Town WFC in the Northern Girls Tyne Tees League. She was called up to the squad for the U-17 Euro qualifiers later that year. She was part of successful England youth teams at all age groups: she was in the under-17 squad that came fourth in the FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in New Zealand, part of the under-19 squad that won the UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship in July 2009, and part of the under-19 squad that finished runners-up to France in the U-19 UEFA in June 2010.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: She was called into an England under-20 training camp in January 2010. After featuring in all three games during the 2010 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, Bronze made her debut for the England under-23 team in a 2–1 win over Germany in September 2010. At the La Manga tournament in March 2013, with the under-23 squad, Bronze provided the shot that led to an own goal off a Norwegian defender in the closing minutes, leading England to win 1–0.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: When Bronze was 16, her parents were approached by Mónica Jorge of the Portuguese football association, who extended an invitation for Bronze to join and train with Portugal. Bronze later said she seriously considered this offer for several years and was prepared to switch to Portugal when she was 22; though she was playing for the England youth teams, she was consistently left out of the senior England squad under manager Hope Powell. Bronze added that Powell made her feel unwelcome in the team when she was called up for the first time and this also prompted her to consider a move to Portugal. Through relatives, she would also have been eligible to play for Scotland.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: She made her debut for the England senior team on 26 June 2013 as a substitute in the 67th minute for Dunia Susi in a friendly against world champions Japan at the Pirelli Stadium in Burton-upon-Trent. She had a claimed goal disallowed in the 89th minute of the 1–1 draw. The following month, she was an unused member of the squad at Euro 2013 in Sweden, a group stage exit.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: Bronze scored her first England goal on 14 June 2014, in a 3–0 away win over Belarus in World Cup qualification. She scored again on 17 September, as England concluded their qualification process with a 10–0 away win over Montenegro and a 100% record. On 23 November Bronze started England's 0–3 defeat by Germany in the first England women's match at Wembley Stadium.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: Bronze was part of the England squad at the 2015 Women's World Cup. She began the tournament as a left-sided defensive midfielder, but moved back to right-back while still in the group stage. In the last 16 against Norway in Ottawa, she scored the winning goal from outside the penalty area as England came from behind to win 2–1, their first knock-out win at the World Cup. She also went on to score what proved to be the quarter-final winner against Canada in Vancouver as she netted England's second from a header in the 14th minute. She was widely praised as one of the best performers for England team at the World Cup. For her performances in the tournament, Bronze was included in the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup All Star Team and shortlisted for the Golden Ball – the award given to the best player at the Women's World Cup.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: In July 2017, she was named in the squad for the UEFA Women's Euro 2017, which England lost 3–0 to eventual winners Netherlands in the semi-final. For her performances in the tournament, Bronze was included in the 2017 UEFA Team of the Tournament.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: Bronze captained England for the first time in the 2018 SheBelieves Cup opening match against France. She was captain for this tournament with Steph Houghton out injured, as well as for several of the World Cup qualifying matches later in the year. She scored in one of these qualifying matches, a 6–0 win against Kazakhstan, after coming on to replace Walsh and taking the armband from her. In 2019, Bronze was part of the England team that won the SheBelieves Cup in the United States. In some matches at this tournament, she played in central midfield.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: Later that year, Bronze was selected in England's 2019 World Cup squad. As part of England's social-media facing squad announcement, her name was announced by former footballer Alex Scott. Bronze scored during a 3–0 victory over Norway in the quarter-finals of the World Cup; after the game, Phil Neville said her performance solidified her status as "the best player in the world", something he had described Bronze as on previous occasions. England finished the tournament in fourth place. Bronze ended up winning the tournament's silver ball, being the second best player in the tournament. After the World Cup, Bronze played in an unfamiliar central midfield role in friendlies against Belgium and Norway, having previously played there in the 2019 SheBelieves Cup, with England manager Phil Neville likening her to Philipp Lahm. Neville said: "We have a two-year period now where playing Lucy in midfield might be one of the risks we take... Pep Guardiola did it with Philip Lahm. He was voted one of the best right-backs, but he put him into midfield."


title: Lucy Bronze

text: In June 2022, Bronze was named to the England squad which won the UEFA Women's Euro 2022 in July. She won the ball from a corner to create England's winning goal by Chloe Kelly with 10 minutes left of extra time in the final against Germany. Including appearances for Great Britain at the Olympics, the Euro 2022 final was Bronze's 100th international match. She achieved her 100th England cap on 11 October 2022 in a 0–0 draw against the Czech Republic.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: Bronze was approached ahead of the 2012 Summer Olympics and told that she was on the longlist for selection to the Great Britain women's Olympic football team; at this point she still had not been called up to the senior England team and was pleased she was being considered. She noted that this is when she first learnt that football is played at the Olympic Games. She was not picked for the final team, and GB did not send football teams to the 2016 Games. She represented Great Britain at the 2020 Summer Olympics, held in 2021.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: In support of providing access for girls in football, Bronze took part in a 2016 match that saw 100 schoolgirls play against an all-star XI of England women's players.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: Bronze is a player representative for global football union FIFPRO's Global Player Council, to advise on decision making around international football, having joined in 2020 and being elected to continue when it was expanded in 2022.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: Since 2019, in anticipation of the 2019 World Cup, she has written a column on football for the "Metro". Since 2021, she has also written a column for "Give Me Sport Women".


title: Lucy Bronze

text: Her likeness appears in the "FIFA" video games that include women's players, with her player rating being consistently one of the highest (in "FIFA 22", 92, joint-second of all players behind only Lionel Messi; in "FIFA 23", 90, joint-fifth of all). In 2020, to promote staying at home and medical charity fundraising during the COVID-19 pandemic, Bronze took part in the Football's Staying Home Cup, which saw professional footballers playing "FIFA" against each other in a knock-out bracket.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: After Bronze worked at Domino's in her early career, the franchise has publicly supported her. During the FIFA Women's World Cup 2019, the Domino's she had worked at in Headingley changed its shopfront to the colour bronze, while during the UEFA Women's Euro 2022 it changed its name to "Lucy's" and offered related promotions. Later in 2022, Bronze featured in a football-related recruitment campaign for Domino's.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: Bronze is multilingual, speaking English, Portuguese and French, the last of which she learnt while playing for Lyon. She began learning Spanish in anticipation of playing for Barcelona; at the club she did not use an interpreter, realising that her knowledge of Portuguese and French, in which she is more fluent, helped when she was still learning. She does not often discuss her personal life, but is known to be LGBTQ. Bronze grew up with pet dogs and sought to get one of her own with her roommate in 2015; with teammate Walsh she has a West Highland White Terrier called Narla, who has an Instagram account. The teammates shared a house in Manchester. Bronze also has several tattoos, despite a phobia of needles, and is an advocate for mental health support.


title: Lucy Bronze

text: Before she saw football as a viable full-time career, Bronze planned to become an accountant and work to pay to continue to play football; she has said if she had not taken up football then she would have pursued another sport as a career.


title: Donna Zuckerberg

text: Donna Zuckerberg is an American classicist, feminist, and writer. She is author of the book "Not All Dead White Men" (2018), about the appropriation of classics by misogynist groups on the Internet. She was editor-in-chief of "Eidolon", a classics journal, until its closure in 2020. She is the sister of the Facebook's co-founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg.


title: Donna Zuckerberg

text: Zuckerberg was born in Dobbs Ferry, New York in 1987 to a Jewish family. She is the third of four children. One parent was a dentist and the other was a psychiatrist. She says the family was tight-knit and the parents encouraged their children to develop whatever talents they had. Her siblings Mark Zuckerberg and Randi Zuckerberg both work in the technology sector.


title: Donna Zuckerberg

text: After earning a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Chicago, Zuckerberg earned her Ph.D. in classics at Princeton University in 2014, specializing in the study of ancient tragedy. The title of her doctoral thesis was "The Oversubtle Maxim Chasers: Aristophanes, Euripides, and their Reciprocal Pursuit of Poetic Identity." Her doctoral adviser was Professor Andrew Ford. While completing her graduate studies, Zuckerberg wrote a food blog called "Sugar Mountain Treats".


title: Donna Zuckerberg

text: The classicist Natalie Haynes notes that Zuckerberg "is a classicist with a strong Internet pedigree". Zuckerberg is the founder and editor-in-chief of the online journal "Eidolon", which publishes texts about classics that are not formal scholarship. Its authors are well-established classicists as well as new experts in the field.


title: Donna Zuckerberg

text: Aside from "Eidolon", Zuckerberg's work has been published in numerous popular publications, including the "Times Literary Supplement", "Jezebel", "The Establishment", and "Avidly". She has also written for mainstream publications about the use of the classics by the alt-right movement. In a 2018 op-ed in "The Washington Post", she argues that the sexism and racism found in classic texts should be studied and discussed rather than ignored or, as right-wing ideologues are doing, celebrated. Natalie Haynes agrees with Zuckerberg's ideological stance, arguing that "ignoring these people is no longer the answer".