title: Jim Wahlberg

text: Wahlberg was born in Dorchester, a neighborhood of Boston, to Donald and Alma Elaine Wahlberg. He is the fifth of nine children, with siblings Arthur, Paul, Robert, Tracey, Michelle, Debbie, Donnie, and Mark. As a young person, Jim was in-and-out of juvenile detention centers and became briefly homeless when he was twelve years old. Throughout his teens, Wahlberg struggled with drug and alcohol addiction every day of his life and he lived essentially on his own. Wahlberg's criminal record grew to include arrests for public drunkenness and disorderly conduct which then led to two jail sentences before the age of twenty-two. While in prison after being convicted of armed robbery, Wahlberg found faith in God, and began to end his addiction to alcohol (which he had regularly consumed since he was eight) and drugs (which he had regularly consumed since he was ten). After exiting prison, he became an advocate for individuals suffering from addiction and hoped to help addicts escape the cycle of addiction.


title: Jim Wahlberg

text: Wahlberg followed suit like brothers Mark and Donnie and entered the film industry through the creation of Wahl St. Productions, a film, television, and web content production company. Wahl St. Productions is credited for films such as "The Circle of Addiction: A Different Kind of Tears" (2018), "If Only" (2015), and "What About the Kids?" (2020). The films showcase the harsh realities of addiction and have featured family members of people who have died of an accidental overdose as extras and actors. What About the Kids? showed the effects of addiction through the lens of a child. Wahlberg's films and documentaries aim to dissolve the stigma of addiction and substance abuse.


title: Jim Wahlberg

text: Walhberg is also known for being a personality on the A&E show "Wahlburgers" which took a deep dive into the lives and families behind the successful restaurant chain. A special episode featured Wahlberg as he successfully ran the Boston Marathon in tribute to those that lost their lives in the Boston Marathon Bombing a year prior. In 2015, an exclusive Wahlburgers episode aired the Festival of Families celebration in Philadelphia, where Jim and brothers Donnie and Mark met with Pope Francis, thus furthering Wahlberg's relationship with his faith.


title: Jim Wahlberg

text: Wahlberg is an executive producer of "The Lookalike" starring Justin Long. He is credited as an executive producer on "Wahl Street", a docu-series that aired in 2021 on HBO Max that followed his brother Mark Wahlberg's business interests. Jim was featured on the long-running Christian Broadcasting Network "700 Club" twice.


title: Jim Wahlberg

text: Wahlberg wrote his first book in August 2020, debuting his memoir "The Big Hustle: A Boston Street Kid's Story of Addiction and Redemption". The book summarizes the struggles of his drug addiction and the redemption story of his faith. The memoir debuted to praise from critics for its brutal honesty and transparent storytelling and was sold out on Amazon in the first week. Jim Caviezel wrote the foreword to the book.


title: Jim Wahlberg

text: Wahlberg married long-time girlfriend Bernarda aka Bennie in 1988. The couple live in South Florida and have three children: son Daniel Wahlberg (b.1997) and fraternal twins Jeff and Kyra (b.2001). Son Jeff is an actor and has appeared in films such as "Dora and the Lost City of Gold" (2019), "Cherry" (2021), and "Future World" (2018).


title: Jim Wahlberg

text: Wahlberg is a devout Catholic; in an interview on "The Catholic Talk Show," he gave all praise and credit to Jesus Christ, and the Catholic Church for his life.


title: Jim Wahlberg

text: Wahlberg is also the host of "The Bottom Line", a podcast that highlights the stories of individuals and their struggles and eventual breakthroughs with addiction. The show featured athletes and entertainers such as Darryl Strawberry, Chris Mullins, Brandon Novak, and many more.


title: Jim Wahlberg

text: Wahlberg has been outspoken about the need for additional recovery and 12 step options during the COVID-19 pandemic. In October 2020, he wrote an opinion piece in "USA Today" about the dangers of isolation and addiction amid the pandemic. In an interview with Raymond Arroyo for Eternal World Television Network, Wahlberg opens up about his history of crime, abuse, and meeting Mother Teresa while in prison; he states "It was the absolute most defining moment in my life, it's the moment that everything changed for me."


title: Jim Wahlberg

text: Wahlberg currently serves as the executive director of the Mark Wahlberg Youth Foundation (MWYF) which was created to improve the quality of life for inner-city kids.


title: Scott Galloway (professor)

text: Scott Galloway (born November 3, 1964) is a clinical professor of marketing at the New York University Stern School of Business, and a public speaker, author, podcast host, and entrepreneur.


title: Scott Galloway (professor)

text: He grew up in Los Angeles, California. His father was a Scottish immigrant to the United States who worked as a sales executive. His mother, an immigrant too, worked as a secretary.


title: Scott Galloway (professor)

text: Galloway attended the University of California, Los Angeles, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics in 1987, and the UC Berkeley Haas School of Business, graduating with an MBA in 1992.


title: Scott Galloway (professor)

text: In 1992, he founded Prophet, a brand and marketing consultancy firm; in 1997, Galloway founded Red Envelope, one of the earliest e-commerce sites. In 2005 Galloway founded the digital intelligence firm L2 Inc, which was acquired in March 2017 by Gartner for $155 million, and the now defunct Firebrand Partners (founded in 2005), an activist hedge fund that invested over $1 billion in U.S. consumer and media companies. In 2019, Galloway founded the online education startup Section4. He raised $30 million in the Series A round in 2021 for a total funding of $37 million.


title: Scott Galloway (professor)

text: He was elected to the World Economic Forum's "Global Leaders of Tomorrow," which recognizes 100 individuals under the age of 40 whose accomplishments have had impact on a global level.


title: Scott Galloway (professor)

text: He has served on the board of directors of Eddie Bauer, The New York Times Company, Gateway Computer, Urban Outfitters, and Berkeley's Haas School of Business. Galloway is also known for his public presentations and TED-style talks, called "Winners & Losers", in which he presented L2's Digital IQ Index results, ranking over 2,500 global brands across numerous dimensions including e-commerce, social media, and digital marketing.


title: Scott Galloway (professor)

text: Galloway teaches brand management and digital marketing to second-year MBA students. Much of his research focuses on "The Four," or "the Four Horsemen." His first book, "The Four: The Hidden DNA of Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Google," was published in 2017. It analyzes the four companies' peculiar strengths and strategies, their novel economic models, their inherent rapacity, their ambition, and the drastic consequences of their rise that people face in both social and individual terms. In May 2017, Galloway anticipated Amazon's acquisition of Whole Foods Market, a transaction that became reality the following month. He denied any insider knowledge and said he was "just lucky" on that call.


title: Scott Galloway (professor)

text: On Friday, September 28, 2018, Recode and the Vox Media Podcast Network launched Pivot, a weekly news commentary podcast co-hosted by Kara Swisher and Galloway. In February 2020, Galloway launched "The Prof G Show", a weekly podcast answering listener questions on business, money, and tech.


title: Scott Galloway (professor)

text: On September 28, 2021, CNN announced that Galloway would be a host on its CNN+ streaming platform, though the platform went off the air shortly after launching.


title: Scott Galloway (professor)

text: Since 2017, Galloway repeatedly called for U.S. government antitrust intervention against the four consumer technology companies Apple, Meta Platforms, Amazon and Alphabet, ultimately breaking them up. He advocated against Facebook's Libra cryptocurrency plans in July 2019 due to the company's "gross negligence of user privacy." In 2019, he endorsed Michael Bloomberg's presidential 2020 candidacy as he "fulfills the Democrats' need for a strong centrist candidate." In December 2019, he called for the removal of Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey while declaring to own more than 330,000 shares of Twitter stock. Relating to the 2015–16 Apple-FBI dispute, he sided with the U.S. government and said that "security agencies should have access to [personal] data wherever it is if a judge deems that data is key to people's safety or national security."


title: Scott Galloway (professor)

text: Galloway has called for taxing endowments of universities whose enrollment growth is not commensurate with population growth, suggesting exclusivity makes such universities a "luxury brand" as opposed to a public service. He has written about growing up an unremarkable child of immigrant parents and has said the goal of universities should be to educate not just exceptional students, but also the unremarkable. Galloway is a Clinical Professor of Marketing at NYU Stern School of Business where he teaches Brand Strategy and Digital Marketing to second-year MBA students. Galloway donates 100% of his NYU salary back to the university. He donated $4.4 million to Berkeley for immigrant student fellowships as well as smaller sums to UCLA and NYU.


title: Scott Galloway (professor)

text: Galloway self-describes as an atheist. He advises his students not to follow their passion, but to follow their talent.


title: Scott Galloway (professor)

text: On February 7, 2022, Galloway decided to stop publishing his podcast, The Prof G Pod, on Spotify. In a 17-second announcement, Galloway attributed the decision to the support of Spotify for publishing "unchecked vaccine misinformation".


The 2022 FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League was the fourth edition of the FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League, an annual women's international volleyball tournament. The competition was held from 31 May to 17 July 2022, and the final round took place in Ankara Arena, Ankara Turkey.


title: 2022 FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League

text: Belgium were the last placed challenger team after the preliminary round and will be replaced by 2022 Challenger Cup winners Croatia in the 2023 edition.


text: Italy claimed their first VNL title after defeating Brazil in straight three sets. Brazil took their third silver medal, consecutively. Serbia won their first medal of the tournament, claiming the bronze after defeating finals hosts Turkey straight three sets. Paola Egonu of Italy named as the MVP of the tournament.


text: As there was no promotion or relegation in the 2021 VNL, 15 of the same 16 teams in 2021 are competing in this year's edition.


text: On 1 March 2022, FIVB declared Russia and Belarus ineligible for international and continental competitions due to the ongoing war in Ukraine. As a result, Russia was out of the Nations League. On 5 April, the FIVB announced Bulgaria would replace Russia in the competition.


text: In the 2022 tournament, the format of play was changed. The new format will see 16 women's teams competing in pools of 8 teams during the pool phase. Each team plays 12 matches during the pool stage. Eight teams will then move into the final knockout phase of the competition.


text: The VNL Finals will see the seven strongest teams along with the finals host country Turkey moving directly to the knockout phase as first placed team,and which will consist of eight matches in total: four quarterfinals, two semi-finals and the bronze and gold medal matches.


title: Amanda Burton

text: Irene Amanda Burton is a Northern Irish actress. Her notable credits include Heather Haversham in the Channel 4 soap opera "Brookside" (1982–1986), Beth Glover in the ITV drama series "Peak Practice" (1993–1995), Sam Ryan in the BBC crime drama series "Silent Witness" (1996–2004, 2021–present), Clare Blake in the ITV crime drama series "The Commander" (2003–2008), Karen Fisher in the BBC school-based drama series "Waterloo Road" (2010–2011), and Katherine Maguire in the ITV detective series "Marcella" (2020).


title: Amanda Burton

text: Burton was born in Derry, Northern Ireland, the youngest of four sisters. Her father was a primary school headmaster at Ballougry Primary School, which she attended as a child. After later attending Londonderry High School she moved to England at the age of 18, where she spent three years studying drama at the Manchester Metropolitan School of Theatre.


title: Amanda Burton

text: Although best known for her television roles, Burton had worked almost exclusively in the theatre prior to landing the role of Heather Haversham in Channel 4's Liverpool-based flagship drama series "Brookside". After nearly four years in the role, during which time Heather had become one of the show's most popular residents of Brookside Close, she began to lose sympathy with her character and decided to leave. Following her departure her television work consisted mainly of guest appearances, with parts in a number of peak-time drama series including "Minder", "Inspector Morse", "Boon", "Medics", "Van Der Valk", "Stay Lucky" and "Lovejoy".


title: Amanda Burton

text: In 1993, Burton starred alongside Kevin Whately in "Peak Practice". She played the role of Doctor Beth Glover in the medical drama series, based in Derbyshire's Peak District, for three series until her departure in 1995. In 1996 she then took the main role of Professor Sam Ryan in the highly acclaimed BBC drama "Silent Witness"; she held this role until 2004. Though her decision to portray Ryan as a reflective personality – sometimes staring into space – was satirised by the comedienne Dawn French, she helped lay the groundwork for what was to become one of the most popular BBC series, continuing to run, albeit without her, until her return in 2021.


title: Amanda Burton

text: After "Silent Witness", she took on the title role of Prosecutor Helen West in a series based on Frances Fyfield's novels. She also played Aunt Polly in a 2003 remake of "Pollyanna" and Commander Clare Blake in Lynda La Plante's drama, "The Commander".


title: Amanda Burton

text: In 2010, Burton appeared in the sixth series of BBC drama "Waterloo Road" as new head teacher Karen Fisher, and departed the show in 2011. She took part in BBC1's "Celebrity Masterchef" and made it through to the semi-finals. She appeared as gangster's wife Cherie Le Saux in ITV drama "The Level" in Autumn 2016. In 2020, she had a starring role as crime family matriarch Katherine Maguire in the third season of "Marcella".


title: Amanda Burton

text: In 1976 Burton married theatre technician Jonathan Hartley, whom she met while at Manchester School of Theatre. They divorced in 1982. She married professional photographer Sven Arnstein in 1989, and the couple had two daughters, Phoebe Marie (born 1989) and Brid Irina (born 1991), before divorcing in 2004. Burton currently lives in Hastings, East Sussex.


title: Amanda Burton

text: Burton is an ambassador for The Children's Trust, the UK's leading charity for children with brain injury and neurodisability.


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo () is a 2015 Indian Hindi-language romantic drama film written and directed by Sooraj Barjatya. Produced by Rajshri Productions, it stars Salman Khan and Sonam Kapoor. Neil Nitin Mukesh, Anupam Kher, Swara Bhaskar, Deepak Dobriyal and Aashika Bhatia play supporting roles. It is the fourth collaboration between Barjatya and Khan after their previous films "Maine Pyar Kiya" (1989), "Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!" (1994) and "Hum Saath Saath Hain" (1999) and second between Khan and Kapoor after "Saawariya" (2007).


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: The film was released worldwide on 12 November 2015 during Diwali season. It opened to an extreme positive reception with praise for Khan's performance, background, visual effects, story, screenplay and direction. With a worldwide gross of 432 crore, it is the second highest-grossing Bollywood film of 2015 and the 20th highest-grossing Indian film. The core plot of the film is reportedly inspired by the 2012 South Korean film "Masquerade", which was itself loosely based on the 1894 novel "The Prisoner of Zenda" by Anthony Hope.


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: Yuvraj Vijay Singh, a wealthy crown prince of Pritampur is soon to be crowned King. He's engaged to Rajkumari Maithili Devi, a princess of the royal family of the neighbouring kingdom Devgarh. But due to his stiff, stubborn nature, Vijay faces many issues with Maithili and his siblings. His rich half-sisters, Rajkumari Chandrika and Rajkumari Radhika, live in a separate rented bungalow outside the royal palace with Chandrika working as an accounts head in a municipal school, and have filed a case against Vijay for a share in the royal property, because they felt their mother (a poet and later mistress to the late King) was wronged by the Queen when she disgraced her in the presence of all of the King's children. Furthermore, Chandrika and Maithili, who were best friends during school times, find their friendship shattered owing to her engagement with Vijay. Similarly, his half brother Yuvraj Ajay Singh vows vengeance and has been wanting to kill him and take the crown for himself. He enlists the help of his manager Chirag Singh and Vijay's secretary Sameera, Chirag is misguiding Ajay at every step while betraying him at his back. Vijay barely escapes an assassination plan coordinated by Ajay and Chirag to kill him but is badly injured. He is hidden in a secret chamber maintained by two doctors.


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: Meanwhile, Vijay's doppelganger Prem Raghuvanshi aka Prem Dilwale, a love guru, a perky, lively and carefree stage actor who falls in love with Princess Maithili, reaches Pritampur to meet her along with his friend Kanhaiya. At a bus stop, the Security Head of Pritampur Palace, Sanjay, notices him by chance and takes him to Diwan Sahib. Upon witnessing the striking resemblance between Prem and Yuvraj Vijay, Diwan asks Prem to take Yuvraj Vijay's place while Yuvraj recovers from coma. Prem acts as Yuvraj Vijay but with his simple, caring nature, he impresses Maithili who earlier wanted to break up with Vijay and falls in love with Prem unknowingly. Prem also attempts to reconcile with Vijay's sisters by bringing them back to the royal palace; he prepares legal documents handing over all of the royal family's properties to them. His half-sisters are so moved by this gesture that, with a little push from Maithili, they eventually have a change of heart and decline to deprive the prince of his fortune and reconcile with him as his sisters.


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: Meanwhile, Yuvraj Ajay and Chirag find out that Prem is only playing the part of the prince and thus they kidnap the real Vijay. Chirag decides to double cross Ajay, as he frees Vijay and feeds him false information to pit him against Ajay and Prem. Vijay and Ajay get involved in a sword fight when Prem and Kanhaiya intervene and clear the confusion. Chirag tries to shoot them down but falls to his death. Ajay regrets his deeds and Vijay reconciles with him. Maithili is shocked to know the truth about Prem not being Yuvraj Vijay after Prem has left to return to his home and is left heartbroken. In the end, the royal family reaches Prem's house to reunite Prem and Maithili, and they happily marry along with Kanhaiyya and Sameera.


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: It was announced in June 2013 by Salman Khan and Sooraj Barjatya and pre-production work of the film began in January 2014 until June 2014. It was titled "Bade Bhaiya" and later changed to "Prem Ratan Dhan Payo", an inspired of mythological "Ram Ratan Dhan Payo". Himesh Reshammiya, V. Manikandan and Sanjay Sankala roped as a music composer, cinematographer and editor in the film.


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: Initially, Anushka Sharma, Sonakshi Sinha, Kareena Kapoor, Daisy Shah and Deepika Padukone were rumoured to play leading ladies and they turned down the offer. Finally, Sonam Kapoor was signed and to play a leading lady in this film and marked her second film with Khan after 2007 film "Saawariya", helmed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali. Neil Nitin Mukesh, Anupam Kher, Armaan Kohli, Deepak Dobriyal, Samaira Rao and Swara Bhaskar were signed to play supporting characters. Amrita Rao was considered to play Khan's half-sister and her role went to Bhaskar. Previously, Rao acted in "Vivah".


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: Filming began after 1000 days of preparation on 26 June 2014 and wrapped on 2 September 2015 after 200 days of shoot. It was shot in Rajkot, Gondal, Udaipur, Athirapally Falls and Mumbai. It was shot at several extravagant locations across India. From grand sets to elaborate costumes, "Prem Ratan Dhan Payo" was undeniably a visual delight for all the viewers. The makers of the film released a 'behind-the-scene' video from the film titled 'Larger Than Life', wherein they revealed that the royal palace of Pritampur in the film is 'one of the biggest sets ever made' which was spread around 100,000 sq. feet. Each actor from the film is also heard speaking about the lavish scale of the film with each shot being 'grand'. Production Designer Nitin Chandrakant Desai said that "An attempt to give life to each element has been made.


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: "Prem Ratan Dhan Payo" was dubbed and released in Tamil as "Meimarandhen Paaraayo" ("See, I've lost myself") and Telugu as "Prema Leela" ("Love games").


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama gave the film 4.5/5 stating that "On the whole, PRDP is the perfect Diwali entertainer for the entire family. The film will win abundant love [prem], while its investors will reap a harvest [dhan], making it a memorable Diwali for all concerned." Srijana Mitra Das of Times of India rated the film with 3.5/5 stars stating that PRDP is Salman Khan's triumph and he " simply blows the top off the theatres with a double role that makes you laugh, gasp, sigh – and cry." She also appreciated the performance of Sonam Kapoor, Deepak Dobriyal, Aashika Bhatia and Swara Bhaskar. Sonia Chopra of Sify gave 3/5 stars rating saying that the film has its faults, but with actor Salman Khan's dual role, the movie is sure to hit the right spots with the family audience. Rajeev Masand of CNN-IBN gave the film a rating of 3/5 stars saying that the director employed the same successful formula he had tried in his previous films, but now "the tropes have gotten rusty, the emotions seldom feel genuine, and the writing is strictly surface level". He concluded that the film's only saving grace is the presence of Salman Khan who is in good form.


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: Shubhra Gupta of Indian Express gave the film a low rating of 1.5/5 stars, calling it a re-imagining of Ramayan and its million stories, criticizing it as "an out-dated, overblown rehash of the director's previous films", while Rohit Vats of "Hindustan Times" gave the film only 2/5 stars, calling it "as a film straight out of the '80s" rehashing the director's same formula, but appreciated music director Himesh Reshammiya and lead actor Salman Khan as "quite likeable and his comic timing has gotten better". Anna MM Vetticad of First Post thrashed the film as "half-baked, lifeless, low-IQ film with its juvenile humour and family politics that resembles circumstances in the cheapest saas-bahu soaps now running on Hindi fiction TV." and "lacks even the few qualities that made his earlier ventures bearable". Sukanya Verma of Rediff.com rated the film a 2.5/5 stars stating, "PRDP sticks to its beliefs on sibling affection, family values and coy courtship and takes a lengthy route to assert so. Yet it is not the predictability but the lop-sided sentimentality of the director's narrative that hurts PRDP's intentions the most." She criticized the director for recycling "men versus women sporting contests, midnight kitchen rendezvous and the pristine aura of Prem", but appreciated the performance of Salman Khan even though it never matched his previous Bajrangi Bhaijaan act.


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: "Prem Ratan Dhan Payo" collected net on its opening day and became highest opener of the year by beating the record previously held by Bajrangi Bhaijaan. It is also the second film in Hindi cinema to gross over in a single day after Happy New Year. The gross collections of the film was on the first day, which is highest in India. On its second day the film saw a 25% drop in its business as it collected net, the highest non-holiday second day ever.


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: The film collected net on its third day which is also the highest non-holiday third day ever to take its three-day total to net.


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: On its fourth day the film collected net to take its extended opening weekend total to net which is the highest four-day total for a Hindi movie beating the previous records of Bajrangi Bhaijaan and Dhoom 3.


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: On its sixth day the film collected net to take its six-day total to and becomes second-highest gross of the year by beating the lifetime collection of Tanu Weds Manu Returns.


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: The film collected on its seventh day to take its seven-day total to net and beat the first-week records of Kick and Chennai Express.


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: The film collected net in its extended first week which is the fourth-highest first week collection of all time.


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: The film grossed in Mumbai circuit alone from its first week and earned second-highest first week gross in that circuit after PK.


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: The film collected a total of on its second Wednesday and thus becomes only the second movie of the year to collect over net after Bajrangi Bhaijaan, another Salman Khan film.


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: The film grossed in its second week to take its two-week total to and beats the lifetime collection of Happy New Year.


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: After its second weekend the film grossed $13.04 million (86.57 crores) at International Markets. It has beaten the lifetime international business record of "Baahubali: The Beginning" in 11 days. "Prem Ratan Dhan Payo" has managed to retain maximum number of cinema halls that it was holding in its opening week, but its business has dropped by over 75% in the key international markets.


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: In its second weekend, "Prem Ratan Dhan Payo" has grossed $438,662 from 283 screens in the US, US$163,382 from 24 screens in Canada, £2,16,899 from 103 screens in the UK, A$1,18,146 from 30 screens in Australia, NZ$99,180 from 27 screens in New Zealand, MYR29,788 from 16 screens in Malaysia and €3,650 from 21 in Germany."Prem Ratan Dhan Payo" has collected a total of $13.04 million (Rs 86.57 crore) at the overseas box office in 11 days.


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: The music rights of the film were sold to T-Series for , making it the most expensive music rights deal in the Bollywood film industry at the time. The full music album of "Prem Ratan Dhan Payo" was released on 10 October 2015.


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: Sanjoy Chowdhury composed the original background score, while Reshammiya was credited for the themes based score on his songs.


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: Critic Aelina Kapoor of Rediff.com gave the album 3.5 stars out of 5, saying that "the music of 'Prem Ratan Dhan Payo' is well done, has a strong traditional flavour, have a "paarivaarik" feel and is exactly what the filmmaker ordered." Joginder Tuteja of "Bollywood Hungama" gave the album a score 4.5 out of 5 and stated that Himesh Reshammiya has delivered his "best ever in his musical career" and "the soundtrack exceeds the massive expectations one had from it." He described the album as brilliant, and praised the lyrics by Irshad Kamil.


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: Kasmin Fernandes of The Times of India gave the album 4/5 and complimented that "music of the film is pleasant and is reminiscent of jubilant songs from the 1990s." She however, adored the lyrics by Irshad Kamil. Critic R. M. Vijayakar in his review for India-West assigned a score of 3.5 out of 5 to the soundtrack. He summarised that "the score deserves 'hosannas' for its courage and conviction in delivering deep and rich Indian melody, good poetry and thematic veracity against today's depraved trends." He also pointed that the album is a pure one, without any "crass words, western beats, rap, and multiple music makers!"


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: In his critical review for The New Indian Express, Vipin Nair awards the album a score of 6.5 out of 10. He stated that the album might "be a hit with the people who love 90s Bollywood melodies." However, he also pointed that it is a bit dated. Surabhi Redkar for Koimoi.com assigned the album a low rating of 2 stars out of 5 stating the soundtrack "may be better with visuals."


title: Prem Ratan Dhan Payo

text: An official game titled "Prem Game", based on this film has been released by Hungama Digital Services, for Android mobile phone users.


title: Dara Singh

text: Dara Singh Randhawa (born Deedar Singh Randhawa; 19 November 1928 – 12 July 2012) was an Indian professional wrestler, actor, director and politician. He started acting in 1952 and was the first sportsman to be nominated to the Rajya Sabha (upper house) of India. He worked as Hindi and Punjabi film producer, director and writer, and he acted in films and television. He is known for his undefeated worldwide streak in wrestling and later being a successful movie star. He got defeated by Brahmdev Misra of Gorakhpur in Calcutta's Dharmatala. His role of Hanuman in the film "Bajrangbali" (1976) and in Ramanand Sagar's "Ramayan" made him popular. Singh was inducted into the Legacy Category of the WWE Hall of Fame Class of 2018.


title: Dara Singh

text: Singh was born in a Jat Sikh family as Deedar Singh Randhawa to Surat Singh Randawa and Balwant Kaur on 19 November 1928 in the village of Dharmuchak in the Majha area of the Punjab region of India. At the time, it was still under British Raj colonial rule.


title: Dara Singh

text: He came to Singapore in 1947, where he worked in a drum-manufacturing mill and began his wrestling training under Harnam Singh in the Great World Stadium. As an adult he was tall, weighed and had a chest measurement of . Due to his physique, he was encouraged to take up pehlwani, an Indian style of wrestling, in which he trained for several years. After switching to professional wrestling, he competed around the world with opponents such as Bill Verna, Firpo Zbyszko, John Da Silva, Rikidōzan, Danny Lynch and Ski Hi Lee. His flooring of King Kong is still remembered.


title: Dara Singh

text: In 1954 Dara competed in the Rustam-e-Hind (Champion of India) tournament where he won the final by defeating Tiger Joginder Singh and received a silver cup from Maharaja Hari Singh. In 1959, he won the Commonwealth Championship by defeating George Gordienko at Calcutta. On 29 May 1968 in Bombay, his victory over Lou Thesz earned him the World championship. According to Thesz, Singh was "an authentic wrestler, was superbly conditioned" and had no problem losing to the latter. His last tournament, where he announced his retirement, was held in Delhi in June 1983.


title: Dara Singh

text: Singh left his village for Singapore in 1948. He started his career as an actor in 1952 with "Sangdil". He was a stunt film actor for many years and played his first lead role in Babubhai Mistry's film "King Kong" (1962). From around 1963 he partnered often with Mumtaz, with whom he performed in 16 Hindi films. The couple became the highest-paid B-grade actors, with Singh receiving nearly four lakh rupees per film.


title: Dara Singh

text: He then went on to do television in the late 1980s, where he played the role of Hanuman in the television adaptation of the Hindu epic "Ramayan". He also had roles in numerous films, such as "Veer Bheem Sen" and "Ramayan", and in other television serials. He starred as Bhima in various Mahabharata movies, besides also playing Balram, he also starred as Shiva in various theological movies.


title: Dara Singh

text: His last Hindi movie was "Jab We Met" and the last Punjabi movie released before his illness was "Dil Apna Punjabi". He acted in National Award-winning film "Main Maa Punjab Dee" directed by Balwant Singh Dullat. He directed seven Punjabi films including "Sawa Lakh Se Ek Ladaun", "Nanak Dukhiya Sub Sansar", "Dhyanu Bhagat" and "Rab Dian Rakhan". He also directed two films in Hindi; "Bhakti Mein Shakti" and "Rustom" (1982), which were produced and directed under the banner "Dara Film" which he set up in 1970.


title: Dara Singh

text: Singh was the owner of Dara Studio at Mohali, District Mohali, Punjab. Dara Film Studio was founded in 1978. The studio was operational from 1980 as a film studio.


title: Dara Singh

text: Singh joined the Bharatiya Janata Party in January 1998. He became the first sportsperson to be nominated to the Rajya Sabha – the upper house of the Parliament of India. He served in that role between 2003 and 2009. He was also president of the Jat Mahasabha.


title: Dara Singh

text: Singh's son Vindu Dara Singh, launched first comic book "The Epic Journey of the Great Dara Singh" at Oxford Bookstore in New Delhi in February 2019.


title: Dara Singh

text: Singh married twice. He had three sons and three daughters, including Parduman Randhawa and Vindu Dara Singh. His brother Randhawa was also a wrestler and actor.


title: Dara Singh

text: Singh was admitted into Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital on 7 July 2012 following a massive heart attack. Two days later, it was confirmed that he had brain damage due to the lack of blood flow. He was discharged from hospital on 11 July 2012, citing that nothing can be done to prolong life, and died the next day at his home in Mumbai. He was cremated at Juhu crematorium.


title: Dara Singh

text: In 1996 Singh was inducted into the Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame. In 2016, Dara was included in the list India's top wrestlers of all time. On 7 April 2018 WWE inducted him in WWE Hall of Fame Legacy class of 2018.


title: Ahriman

text: Angra Mainyu (; Avestan: 𐬀𐬢𐬭𐬀⸱𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌𐬌𐬎 "Aŋra Mainiiu") is the Avestan-language name of Zoroastrianism's hypostasis of the "destructive/evil spirit" and the main adversary in Zoroastrianism either of the Spenta Mainyu, the "holy/creative spirits/mentality", or directly of Ahura Mazda, the highest deity of Zoroastrianism. The Middle Persian equivalent is Ahriman 𐭠𐭧𐭫𐭬𐭭𐭩 (anglicised pronunciation: ). The name can appear in English-language works as Ahrimanes.


title: Ahriman

text: Avestan "angra mainyu" "seems to have been an original conception of Zoroaster's." In the Gathas, which are the oldest texts of Zoroastrianism and are attributed to Zoroaster, "angra mainyu" is not yet a proper name. In the one instance in these hymns where the two words appear together, the concept spoken of is that of a "mainyu" ("mind", "spirit" or otherwise an abstract energy etc.) that is "angra" ("destructive", "chaotic", "disorderly", "inhibitive", "malign" etc., of which a manifestation can be anger). In this single instance – in "Yasna" 45.2 – the "more bounteous of the spirits twain" declares "angra mainyu" to be its "absolute antithesis".


title: Ahriman

text: A similar statement occurs in "Yasna" 30.3, where the antithesis is however "aka mainyu", "aka" being the Avestan language word for "evil". Hence, "aka mainyu" is the "evil spirit" or "evil mind" or "evil thought," as contrasted with "spenta mainyu", the "bounteous spirit" with which Ahura Mazda conceived of creation, which then "was".


title: Ahriman

text: The "aka mainyu" epithet recurs in "Yasna" 32.5, when the principle is identified with the "daeva"s that deceive humankind and themselves. While in later Zoroastrianism, the "daevas" are demons, this is not yet evident in the Gathas: Zoroaster stated that the "daevas" are "wrong gods" or "false gods" that are to be rejected, but they are not yet demons. Some have also proposed a connection between "Angra Mainyu" and the sage Angiras of the Rigveda. If this is true, it could be understood as evidence for a religious schism between the deva-worshiping Vedic Indo-Aryans and early Zoroastrians.


title: Ahriman

text: In "Yasna" 32.3, these "daevas" are identified as the offspring, not of Angra Mainyu, but of "akem manah", "evil thinking". A few verses earlier it is however the "daebaaman", "deceiver" – not otherwise identified but "probably Angra Mainyu" – who induces the "daevas" to choose "achistem manah" – "worst thinking." In "Yasna" 32.13, the abode of the wicked is not the abode of Angra Mainyu, but the abode of the same "worst thinking". "One would have expected [Angra Mainyu] to reign in hell, since he had created 'death and how, at the end, the worst existence shall be for the deceitful' ("Y." 30.4)."


title: Ahriman

text: "Yasna" 19.15 recalls that Ahura Mazda's recital of the Ahuna Vairya invocation puts Angra Mainyu in a stupor. In "Yasna" 9.8, Angra Mainyu creates Aži Dahaka, but the serpent recoils at the sight of Mithra's mace ("Yasht" 10.97, 10.134). In "Yasht" 13, the Fravashis defuse Angra Mainyu's plans to dry up the earth, and in "Yasht" 8.44 Angra Mainyu battles but cannot defeat Tishtrya and so prevent the rains. In "Vendidad" 19, Angra Mainyu urges Zoroaster to turn from the good religion by promising him sovereignty of the world. On being rejected, Angra Mainyu assails Zoroaster with legions of demons, but Zoroaster deflects them all. In "Yasht" 19.96, a verse that reflects a Gathic injunction, Angra Mainyu will be vanquished and Ahura Mazda will ultimately prevail.


title: Ahriman

text: In "Yasht" 19.46ff, Angra Mainyu and Spenta Mainyu battle for possession of "khvaraenah", "divine glory" or "fortune". In some verses of the Yasna (e.g. "Yasna" 57.17), the two principles are said to have created the world, which seems to contradict the Gathic principle that declares Ahura Mazda to be the sole creator and which is reiterated in the cosmogony of "Vendidad" 1. In that first chapter, which is the basis for the 9th–12th-century "Bundahishn", the creation of sixteen lands by Ahura Mazda is countered by the Angra Mainyu's creation of sixteen scourges such as winter, sickness, and vice. "This shift in the position of Ahura Mazda, his total assimilation to this Bounteous Spirit [Mazda's instrument of creation], must have taken place in the 4th century BC at the latest; for it is reflected in Aristotle's testimony, which confronts Areimanios with Oromazdes (apud Diogenes Laertius, 1.2.6)."


title: Ahriman

text: "Yasht" 15.43 assigns Angra Mainyu to the nether world, a world of darkness. So also "Vendidad " 19.47, but other passages in the same chapter (19.1 and 19.44) have him dwelling in the region of the "daeva"s, which the "Vendidad" asserts is in the north. There (19.1, 19.43–44), Angra Mainyu is the "daevanam daevo", ""daeva" of "daeva"s" or chief of the "daeva"s. The superlative "daevo.taema" is however assigned to the demon Paitisha ("opponent"). In an enumeration of the "daeva"s in Vendidad 1.43, Angra Mainyu appears first and Paitisha appears last. "Nowhere is Angra Mainyu said to be the creator of the "daeva"s or their father."


title: Ahriman

text: Zurvanism – a historical branch of Zoroastrianism that sought to theologically resolve a dilemma found in a mention of antithetical "twin spirits" in "Yasna" 30.3 – developed a notion that Ahura Mazda (MP: Ohrmuzd) and Angra Mainyu (MP: Ahriman) were twin brothers, with the former being the epitome of good and the latter being the epitome of evil. This mythology of twin brotherhood is only explicitly attested in the post-Sassanid Syriac and Armenian polemic such as that of Eznik of Kolb. According to these sources the genesis saw Zurvan as an androgynous deity, existing alone but desiring offspring who would create "heaven and hell and everything in between." Zurvan then sacrificed for a thousand years. Towards the end of this period, Zurvan began to doubt the efficacy of sacrifice and in the moment of this doubt Ohrmuzd and Ahriman were conceived: Ohrmuzd for the sacrifice and Ahriman for the doubt. Upon realizing that twins were to be born, Zurvan resolved to grant the first-born sovereignty over creation. Ohrmuzd perceived Zurvan's decision, which he then communicated to his brother. Ahriman then preempted Ohrmuzd by ripping open the womb to emerge first. Reminded of the resolution to grant Ahriman sovereignty, Zurvan conceded, but limited kingship to a period of 9000 years, after which Ohrmuzd would rule for all eternity. Eznik of Kolb also summarizes a myth in which Ahriman is said to have demonstrated an ability to create life by creating the peacock.


title: Ahriman

text: The story of Ahriman's ripping open the womb to emerge first suggests that Zurvanite ideology perceived Ahriman to be evil by choice, rather than always having been intrinsically evil (as found, for example, in the cosmological myths of the "Bundahishn"). And the story of Ahriman's creation of the peacock suggests that Zurvanite ideology perceived Ahriman to be a creator figure like Ormazd. This is significantly different from what is found in the Avesta (where Mazda's stock epithet is "dadvah", "Creator", implying Mazda is "the" Creator), as well as in Zoroastrian tradition where creation of life continues to be exclusively Mazda's domain, and where creation is said to have been good until it was corrupted by Ahriman and the "dev"s.


title: Ahriman

text: In the Pahlavi texts of the 9th–12th century, Ahriman (written "ʼhl(y)mn") is frequently written upside down "as a sign of contempt and disgust."


title: Ahriman

text: In the "Book of Arda Viraf" 5.10, the narrator – the 'righteous Viraf' – is taken by Sarosh and Adar to see "the reality of God and the archangels, and the non-reality of Ahriman and the demons" as described by the German philologist and orientalist Martin Haug, whose radical interpretation was to change the faith in the 19th century (see "In present-day Zoroastrianism" below).


title: Ahriman

text: In the Zurvanite "Ulema-i Islam" (a Zoroastrian text, despite the title), "Ahriman also is called by some name by some people and they ascribe evil unto him but nothing can also be done by him without Time." A few chapters later, the Ulema notes that "it is clear that Ahriman is a non-entity" but "at the resurrection Ahriman will be destroyed and thereafter all will be good; and [change?] will proceed through the will of God." In the "Sad Dar", the world is described as having been created by Ohrmuzd and become pure through his truth. But Ahriman, "being devoid of anything good, does not issue from that which is owing to truth." (62.2)


title: Ahriman

text: "Book of Jamaspi" 2.3 notes that "Ahriman, like a worm, is so much associated with darkness and old age, that he perishes in the end." Chapter 4.3 recalls the grotesque legend of Tahmurasp (Avestan: Taxma Urupi) riding Angra Mainyu for thirty years (cf. "Yasht" 15.12, 19.29) and so preventing him from doing evil. In chapter 7, Jamasp explains that the Indians declare Ahriman will die, but "those, who are not of good religion, go to hell."


title: Ahriman

text: The "Bundahishn", a Zoroastrian account of creation completed in the 12th century has much to say about Ahriman and his role in the cosmogony. In chapter 1.23, following the recitation of the Ahuna Vairya, Ohrmuzd takes advantage of Ahriman's incapacity to create life without intervention. When Ahriman recovers, he creates Jeh, the primal seductress who afflicts women with their menstrual cycles. In Bundahishn 4.12, Ahriman perceives that Ohrmuzd is superior to himself, and so flees to fashion his many demons with which to conquer the universe in battle. The entire universe is finally divided between the Ohrmuzd and the "yazad"s on one side and Ahriman with his "dev"s on the other. Ahriman slays the primal bull, but the moon rescues the seed of the dying creature, and from it springs all animal creation. But the battle goes on, with mankind caught in the middle, whose duty it remains to withstand the forces of evil through good thoughts, words and deeds.


title: Ahriman

text: Other texts see the world created by Ohrmuzd as a trap for Ahriman, who is then distracted by creation and expends his force in a battle he cannot win. ("The epistles of Zatspram" 3.23; "Shkand Gumanig Vichar" 4.63–4.79). The "Dadistan denig" explains that Ohrmuzd, being omniscient, knew of Ahriman's intent, but it would have been against his "justice and goodness to punish Ahriman before he wrought evil [and] this is why the world is created."


title: Ahriman

text: Ahriman has no such omniscience, a fact that Ohrmuzd reminds him of ("Bundahishn" 1.16). In contrast, in Manichaean scripture, Mani ascribes foresight to Ahriman.


title: Ahriman

text: In 1862, Martin Haug proposed a new reconstruction of what he believed was Zoroaster's original monotheistic teaching, as expressed in the Gathas – a teaching which he believed had been corrupted by later Zoroastrian dualistic tradition as expressed in post-Gathic scripture and in the texts of tradition. For Angra Mainyu, this interpretation meant a demotion from a spirit coeval with Ahura Mazda to a mere product of Ahura Mazda. Haug's theory was based to a great extent on a new interpretation of "Yasna" 30.3; he argued that the good "twin" in that passage should not be regarded as more or less identical to Ahura Mazda, as earlier Zoroastrian thought had assumed, but as a separate created entity, Spenta Mainyu. Thus, both Angra Mainyu and Spenta Mainyu were created by Ahura Mazda, and should be regarded as his respective 'creative' and 'destructive' emanations.


title: Ahriman

text: Haug's interpretation was gratefully received by the Parsis of Bombay, who at the time were under considerable pressure from Christian missionaries (most notable amongst them John Wilson) who sought converts among the Zoroastrian community and criticized Zoroastrianism for its alleged dualism as contrasted with their own monotheism. Haug's reconstruction had also other attractive aspects that seemed to make the religion more compatible with nineteenth-century Enlightenment, as he attributed to Zoroaster a rejection of rituals and of worship of entities other than the supreme deity.


title: Ahriman

text: These new ideas were subsequently disseminated as a Parsi interpretation, which eventually reached the west and so in turn corroborated Haug's theories. Among the Parsis of the cities, who were accustomed to English language literature, Haug's ideas were more often repeated than those of the Gujarati language objections of the priests, with the result that Haug's ideas became well entrenched and are today almost universally accepted as doctrine.


title: Ahriman

text: While some modern scholars have theories similar to Haug's regarding Angra Mainyu's origins, many now think that the traditional "dualist" interpretation was in fact correct all along and that Angra Mainyu was always considered to be completely separate and independent from Ahura Mazda.


title: Ahriman

text: Rudolf Steiner, who founded the esoteric spiritual movement anthroposophy, used the concept of Ahriman to name one of two extreme forces which pull humanity away from the centering influence of God. Steiner associated Ahriman, the lower spirit, with materialism, science, heredity, objectivity, and soul-hardening. He thought that contemporary Christianity was subject to Ahrimanic influence, since it tended towards materialistic interpretations. Steiner predicted that Ahriman, as a supersensible Being, would incarnate into an earthly form, some little time after our present earthly existence, in fact in the third post-Christian millennium.


title: Ahriman

text: The "Opus Sanctorum Angelorum", a debated group inside the Roman Catholic Church, defines Ahriman as a "demon in the Rank of Fallen Powers". It says his duty is to obscure human brains from the Truth of God.


title: John Farnham

text: John Peter Farnham AO (born 1 July 1949) is a British born Australian singer. Farnham was a teen pop idol from 1967 until 1979, billed then as Johnny Farnham, but has since forged a career as an adult contemporary singer. His career has mostly been as a solo artist, although he replaced Glenn Shorrock as lead singer of Little River Band from 1982 to 1985.


title: John Farnham

text: In September 1986, his solo single "You're the Voice" peaked at No. 1 on the Australian singles charts. The associated album, "Whispering Jack", held the No. 1 position for a total of 25 weeks and is the second-highest-selling album in Australian history. Both the single and the album had top-ten success internationally, including No. 1 in Sweden.


title: John Farnham

text: Farnham has become one of his country's best-known and most popular performers, and he is the only Australian artist to have a number-one record in five consecutive decades (echoing that of Cliff Richard in the UK), with singles: "Sadie (The Cleaning Lady)" in 1967, "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head" in 1970, and "Age of Reason" in 1988; and albums: "Whispering Jack" in 1986, "Age of Reason" in 1988 "Chain Reaction" in 1990, "Then Again..." in 1993, "33⅓" in 2000, and "The Last Time" in 2002. Along with touring with numerous artists, including The Seekers and international acts like Stevie Nicks and Lionel Richie, he released collaborative albums including with Tom Jones on "Together in Concert" (2005) and Olivia Newton-John, including "Highlights from The Main Event" (1998; also with Anthony Warlow), "Two Strong Hearts Live" (2015), and "Friends for Christmas" (2016).


title: John Farnham

text: Farnham has been recognised by many honours and awards, including 1987 Australian of the Year, 1996 Officer of the Order of Australia, and 19 ARIA Awards, including his 2003 induction into the Hall of Fame.


title: John Farnham

text: Aside from his recording career, Farnham performed on stage with lead roles in Australian productions of "Charlie Girl", "Pippin" and 1992's "Jesus Christ Superstar". He starred in his own TV series and specials, including "It's Magic" (With Colleen Hewett), "Bobby Dazzler", and Farnham and Byrne (with Debra Byrne), and as a guest on numerous other popular shows such as "The Don Lane Show", "Countdown" and "Hey Hey It's Saturday".


title: John Farnham

text: Australian rock historian Ian McFarlane described him as "the most successful solo artist in the history of Australian rock and pop ... Farnham has retained an affable sense of humour and a simple, unpretentious 'everyman' charm which also makes him one of the most respected celebrities in Australian entertainment history."


title: John Farnham

text: John Peter Farnham was born in Dagenham, England, on 1 July 1949, to John Peter Farnham Sr., and Rose (née Pemberton) Farnham. His sisters are Jean and Jaquiline, and his younger brother is Steven. Farnham spent his first ten years in the United Kingdom before his family emigrated to Australia in 1959 to live in Melbourne, Victoria. He attended school at Yarraman Park State School (now Yarraman Oaks Primary School), Lyndale Primary School and Lyndale High School.


title: John Farnham

text: As Johnny Farnham he performed with local band The Mavericks on weekends, while still attending school, from 1964. The band had a five-song repertoire. In late 1965, he was asked to join band Strings Unlimited as lead singer; it was a band composed entirely of string-only instruments, and they had a regular booking at a local hotel.


title: John Farnham

text: In 1966, after making the state finals of the Hoadley's Battle of the Sounds, they recorded a three-track demo tape with Farnham on vocals, Stewart Male on lead guitar, Barry Roy on rhythm guitar, Mike Foenander on keyboards, Joe Cincotta on bass and Peter Foggie on drums.


title: John Farnham

text: On 29 April 1967, Strings Unlimited performed as a backing band for pop singer Bev Harrell in Cohuna. Harrell's manager and then-boyfriend, Darryl Sambell, was impressed with Farnham's vocals and offered to become his manager. Initially performing in Sambell's home town of Adelaide, Farnham recorded a light advertising jingle "Susan Jones" for flight company Ansett-ANA and was offered a solo record contract working with EMI under house producer David Mackay.


title: John Farnham

text: Farnham's first commercially successful recording was a cover of British novelty song "Sadie (The Cleaning Lady)"; Sambell had disliked it, as the lyrics were so persistent. However, EMI's in-house producer, David MacKay, insisted, and so the single was released in November 1967. The B-side, "In My Room" was written by Farnham. By arrangement with Sambell, Melbourne radio DJ Stan Rofe pretended that he disliked "Sadie" before playing it. The song gave Farnham recognition in Australia. Rofe continued the ploy on TV's "Uptight" and viewers responded with calls to play the song. It hit No. 1 on the Australian singles charts in January 1968 and remained there for 6 weeks. Selling 180,000 copies in Australia, "Sadie" was the highest-selling single by an Australian artist of the decade and became the biggest-selling single in Australia at that time. Rofe was a writer for "Go-Set", a teen-oriented pop magazine, another writer for the magazine, Ian "Molly" Meldrum, praised Farnham's efforts. "Go-Set" ran a pop poll to determine the '', which was first won by Normie Rowe for 1967–1968. Farnham's 1968 singles were "Underneath the Arches" and "I Don't Want to Love You"; each peaked at #6.


title: John Farnham

text: In 1969, Farnham released his album "Everybody Oughta Sing a Song", which peaked at No. 12 on the Australian albums charts. His next single was a cover of Harry Nilsson's "One"; Farnham's version peaked at #4. When "TV Week" sponsored the 'King of Pop' awards, readers would forward their votes from coupons; Farnham won the most popular male award and was crowned 'King of Pop' five consecutive times from 1969 to 1973. He recorded a cover of the B.J. Thomas hit "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head", which became his second No. 1 hit in December 1969 and remained at top spot for seven weeks into January 1970.


title: John Farnham

text: Farnham's next album, "Looking Through a Tear", was released in July 1970 and peaked at #11. "Comic Conversations", his single from October, peaked at #10. During 1971, Farnham teamed up with Allison Durbin, who had been chosen as 'Most Popular Female Performer' at the 'King of Pop' awards for 1969–71. They released an album, "Together", in September and a single, "Baby, Without You". in November, both peaked into the top 30 of their respective charts. As well as his singing career, Farnham performed in stage musicals, starting with "Dick Whittington and His Cat" in 1971, and on television variety shows either as a guest performer or as a host.


title: John Farnham

text: At 22, Farnham was appointed 'King of Moomba' in 1972, with Melbourne paper "The Sun" describing him as a "likeable English migrant" who is "King of Pop, King of Kids and today Johnny Farnham was King of Moomba." In 1972, Farnham had a top 5 national hit with a cover version of the title track from the David Cassidy international hit album, "Rock Me Baby".


title: John Farnham

text: Another stage musical for Farnham was "Charlie Girl" in 1971. Jillian Billman was one of the dancers, and Farnham married her on 18 April 1973. Meldrum announced their wedding plans in "Go-Set" but Sambell denied the early reports, and, despite being best man at the wedding, was against Billman marrying Farnham. The clean-cut pop star had made several more albums and singles, but by the mid-1970s his recording career had begun to dwindle and he turned more to stage musicals and television. Farnham and 'Queen of Pop' for 1972–1973, Colleen Hewett, combined on the 1973–74 stage musical, "Pippin", and its associated show album released in 1974. Also in 1974, Farnham and Hewett were co-hosts of "It's Magic", a children's TV series on Channel Ten. He became familiar to viewers of "Countdown" when hosting its first colour transmission in early 1975 and introducing Skyhooks' performance of "Horror Movie".


title: John Farnham

text: Relations with Sambell became strained and in January 1976 they announced their split. Farnham first turned to Kenn Brodziak, producer of "Pippin", for his management during 1976–78, and then to Danny Finley, Hewett's then husband, from 1978.


title: John Farnham

text: Farnham starred in a situation comedy series "Bobby Dazzler" as the title character during 1977–78, and narrated documentaries including "Survival with Johnny Farnham". Farnham was in financial trouble with unpaid taxes and the collapse of a restaurant venture with Hewett and Finley. Farnham's singing career was now confined to the cabaret circuit and stage musicals. In 1979, he changed his stage name to John Farnham.


title: John Farnham

text: Farnham had met Glenn Wheatley, who was bass guitarist of 1960s rock group The Masters Apprentices, when both acts were managed by Sambell. Wheatley was now managing Little River Band (LRB), and Farnham signed with Wheatley in 1980. They decided his comeback single would be a reworking of The Beatles' "Help!", which was produced by LRB's Graeham Goble, it peaked at #8. Farnham was utilising a more adult contemporary pop style and the associated album, "Uncovered", also produced by Goble, peaked at #20. The B-side of "Help" was another of Farnham's songwriting efforts "Jillie's Song", co-written with Goble.


title: John Farnham

text: In recording the album, Farnham's studio band were guitarist Tommy Emmanuel (ex-Southern Star Band), keyboardist Mal Logan (ex-Renée Geyer Band, LRB), drummer Derek Pellicci (LRB) and bass guitarist Barry Sullivan (ex-Chain). They became his tour band until Logan and Pellicci returned to their LRB commitments and were replaced by Sam McNally and David Jones, respectively. In 1980, Farnham also appeared in a TV series entitled "Farnham and Byrne" with former "Young Talent Time" teen star and 'Queen of Pop' Debra Byrne. Three other solo singles followed in 1981, but none of them charted into the top 50.


title: John Farnham

text: In February 1982, after Glenn Shorrock had departed Little River Band, Farnham became their lead vocalist after recommendations by Goble and Wheatley. Farnham had initially resisted the idea of joining LRB, but Wheatley convinced him that Shorrock approved of the replacement. This continued Farnham's move away from cabaret and into rock music.


title: John Farnham

text: With Farnham, Little River Band recorded three studio albums, which had modest success, but it was not enough to pay back the advances the record company had provided. The first studio album, "The Net", was already written, and Farnham had no say in the songs; he just had to record his lead vocals. In the US, charting albums with Farnham's vocals included "Greatest Hits" (1982), "The Net" (1983), and "Playing to Win" (1984) on "Billboard" Pop Albums chart/"Billboard" 200. While charting singles were, "The Other Guy", "We Two", "You're Driving Me Out of My Mind" and "Playing to Win". Farnham's biggest Australian hits with LRB were the 1982 single "Down on the Border" which peaked at No. 7 and "The Net" which peaked at No. 11 on the albums charts in 1983.


title: John Farnham

text: During this time, Farnham started supplying vocal tracks for films, including "Savage Streets" (1984), "The Slugger's Wife" (1985), and "Fletch" (1985); he later continued with "Rad" (1986) and "Voyage of the Rock Aliens" (1987). "Justice for One" was co-written by Farnham, for "Savage Streets" and it was released as a solo single.


title: John Farnham

text: Little River Band recorded a concert in Melbourne that aired in the United States on HBO. The concert video was only one hour long, and it highlighted some of the songs from "The Net" as well as reworked versions of Little River Band classics such as "Cool Change" and "Reminiscing". "Please Don't Ask Me", a song written by Goble, and a non-top 50 single for Farnham almost three years previously, was played during the "Australian-themed" opening of the show. Despite positive Australian and US reviews and responses, this performance has not yet been released on VHS or DVD.


title: John Farnham

text: In an interview with Channel Seven, Farnham stated: "I'll be better off leaving, rather than putting myself under pressure that I've created." Through this matter, it became apparent to the band that Farnham was intending on leaving and "Playing to Win"'s lead single "Playing to Win", a song believed by all to be the band's return to success, then started having authorship disputes. According to Farnham:


title: John Farnham

text: As a result, Farnham's relationship with the band was further sullied. To date, the royalties for the song are meticulously divided with different shares to each of the song's contributors, including Goble, Farnham, Stephen Housden, David Hirschfelder and Wayne Nelson. By late 1985, LRB were in conflict again and Farnham left. In mid-1986, Little River Band released the third studio album, "No Reins", but Farnham was already pursuing his solo career.


title: John Farnham

text: Farnham had started collecting a songlist for a future solo album while still in Little River Band. He finished his vocals for their album, "No Reins", and left in late 1985.


title: John Farnham

text: Farnham's first solo performances since 1981 were live shows with Brett Garsed on lead guitar, Sam See on guitar, Derek Pellicci on drums, Bruno Di Stanislo on electric bass and vocals. Sound engineer Ross Fraser suggested to Farnham's manager Glenn Wheatley that it was time to start working on the solo album. Wheatley searched vainly for a producer and record label willing to work with Farnham; Fraser took on the producer role, and Wheatley provided financial support after mortgaging his house.


title: John Farnham

text: While visiting a jazz club in the US, Farnham was mistakenly introduced as Jack Phantom, and when he subsequently provided a running commentary for a local pool game he named himself "Whispering Jack Phantom" after the "Pot Black" commentator, "Whispering Ted Lowe". His work for the album, "Whispering Jack", included expanding his songlist with Fraser's advice. "A Touch of Paradise" was written by Gulliver Smith and Mondo Rock's Ross Wilson, while "Pressure Down" was provided by Harry Bogdanovs. Two weeks before the album was due to be recorded a demo tape arrived from London with similar material as "Pressure Down", Farnham and Fraser listened to the demo of "You're the Voice" and knew they had found a once-in-a-lifetime song. Another song on offer was "We Built This City" but Farnham knocked it back, so it was later recorded by US band Starship.


title: John Farnham

text: Initially, public interest in the re-branded former teen-idol was difficult to cultivate, and radio stations refused to play Farnham's album. Things, however, started to change after Sydney radio station 2Day FM played its first single, "You're the Voice", which was released in September 1986. Henceforth, radio stations began receiving requests for the song. Its television debut was on "Hey Hey It's Saturday" with Skyhook's Greg Macainsh providing bass guitar. "You're the Voice", peaked at No. 1 in Germany, Sweden and Australia, as well as being a top ten hit in some European countries: #3 in Switzerland, #6 in the UK, and No. 6 in Austria. The song was written by Andy Qunta (ex-Icehouse), Keith Reid (Procol Harum), Maggie Ryder and Chris Thompson (ex-Manfred Mann's Earth Band).


title: John Farnham

text: "Whispering Jack", released in October, became the highest-selling album by an Australian act in Australia, at the time, and peaked at number one on the Australian Album Charts for a total of 25 weeks. As of 2006, it was 24× platinum indicating sales of over 1.68 million units in Australia alone. The album was released internationally on RCA/BMG and peaked at No. 1 in Sweden, No. 3 in Austria, and Top 20 in Norway. In August 1988 it returned to the Australian Top Ten. It also was the first Australian made music CD released in Australia. Other charting Australian singles were December's "Pressure Down", which peaked at No. 4, March 1987's "Touch of Paradise" and October's "Reasons".


title: John Farnham

text: After the success of the album, Farnham followed with Jack's Back Tour; an initial itinerary of eleven performances was thought to be enough considering they were up against tours by Michael Jackson and Billy Joel; however, after high ticket sales, it was extended by eight more shows and made use of larger venues. At that time, Jack's Back Tour was the highest-grossing tour by an Australian act. John Farnham Band now consisted of Garsed on lead guitar, David Hirschfelder on keyboards (ex-Little River Band), Macainsh on bass and Angus Burchall on drums.


title: John Farnham

text: Farnham won six of the inaugural 1987 ARIA Music Awards for 'Album of the Year', 'Single of the Year', 'Highest Selling Album', 'Highest Selling Single', 'Best Male Artist' and 'Best Adult Contemporary Album'. On 19 July 1987, TV series "Countdown" broadcast its last show, the 1986 with Farnham winning the 'Best Album Award' for "Whispering Jack".


title: John Farnham

text: In 1988, Australia's Bicentennial Year, Farnham was named 1987 Australian of the Year, although he was not yet naturalised—a hastily organised swearing-in occurred before the honour was bestowed. He was chosen due to: "his outstanding contribution to the Australian music industry over 20 years."


title: John Farnham

text: Farnham's July 1988 single, "Age of Reason", which peaked at No. 1 on the ARIA singles charts, was written by Johanna Pigott and Dragon member Todd Hunter.


title: John Farnham

text: The album, "Age of Reason", produced by Ross Fraser, debuted at No. 1 in August and stayed on top for eight weeks. It was the highest-selling album in Australia from 1988, and, as of 1997, it was 11× platinum indicating sales of over 770,000 units.


title: John Farnham

text: Renewed interest in "Whispering Jack" returned it to the Top Ten in August, nearly two years after its initial release. To date, "Age of Reason" remains Farnham's last No. 1 Australian single. Other charting singles from this album were, "Two Strong Hearts" which peaked at No. 6 and "Beyond the Call". "Age of Reason" had international success peaking at No. 4 in Sweden, and No. 9 in Norway.


title: John Farnham

text: At the 1988 ARIA Awards, Farnham won 'Best Male Artist', 'Best Adult Contemporary Album' for "Touch of Paradise", and the 'Outstanding Achievement Award'. In March 1989, Farnham was in Moscow, USSR to promote Greenpeace album "Rainbow Warriors", as part of an international ensemble including David Byrne (Talking Heads), Peter Gabriel, Chrissie Hynde (The Pretenders), Annie Lennox (Eurythmics), and The Edge (U2).


title: John Farnham

text: Farnham found time to record a duet with Dannielle Gaha, "Communication", which peaked at No. 13 in August 1989. It was recorded as part promotion for the Australian government's program to control the drug epidemic happening in the mid-'80s entitled "The Drug Offensive". The Drug Offensive logo can be seen attached to a television camera in the video clip made to promote the song.


title: John Farnham

text: "Chain Reaction" produced by Fraser, was released in October 1990, and also debuted at No. 1 on the Australian album charts, it provided three Top Ten hit singles, "Chain Reaction" in August, "That's Freedom" in September and "Burn for You" in December.


title: John Farnham

text: Unlike the previous two albums, where most songs were written by outside writers, "Chain Reaction" saw Farnham write nine of its twelve tracks with Fraser and keyboardist/musical director David Hirschfelder (ex-Little River Band) along with Phil Buckle (Burn For You) and Joe Crighton (The Time Has Come). The sound was less electronic and more acoustic, it became the biggest-selling album in Australia for 1990, and was No. 1 on the ARIA End of Year album chart. At the 1991 ARIA Awards, Farnham won 'Best Male Artist', 'Song of the Year' for "Burn for You", and 'Highest Selling Album' for "Chain Reaction".


title: John Farnham

text: Farnham's live album, released in November 1991, was "Full House", produced by Ross Fraser and Farnham, which peaked at No. 2 on the ARIA album charts. It contained concert material recorded from May 1987 to October 1990. "Please Don't Ask Me" was released as a single, which peaked into the top 30. At No. 1 on the ARIA album charts was Jimmy Barnes' album, "Soul Deep", it included a duet with Farnham, "When Something is Wrong with My Baby", which peaked at No. 3 on the singles charts.


title: John Farnham

text: In August 1992, Farnham joined the Australian production of Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber's stage musical "Jesus Christ Superstar" in the title role of Jesus. Fellow cast members included Angry Anderson as Herod, Kate Ceberano as Mary Magdalene, Russell Morris as Simon Zealotes, Jon Stevens as Judas and John Waters as Pontius Pilate. The stage soundtrack, "Jesus Christ Superstar The Album", provided the single "Everything's Alright" by Ceberano, Farnham and Stevens, which peaked at No. 6 in September. Farnham released his next studio album, "Then Again..", in October 1993, produced by Fraser and Farnham, which peaked at No. 1. Of its four singles only, "Seemed Like a Good Idea (At the Time)" reached the top 20. The album won "Highest Selling Album" at the ARIA Awards in 1994.


title: John Farnham

text: Farnham never really wanted to try his luck overseas even though he had offers. In a "TV Week" interview promoting the "Romeo's Heart" album, he said that people had put pressure on him to live overseas but he had no intention of doing so. "I don't want to go to America to live", he said. He went on to say the pressures for him to relocate "come mainly from other people" but his manager, Glenn Wheatley, has never put this pressure on him.


title: John Farnham

text: On Australia Day (26 January) 1996, Farnham was made an Officer of the Order of Australia, "In recognition of service to the Australian music industry and to charitable and community organisations, particularly those relating to youth." His single, "Have a Little Faith (In Us)", in March peaked at No. 3. The associated album, "Romeo's Heart", produced by Fraser, was released in June and peaked at No. 2 and won "Best Adult Contemporary Album" at the ARIA Awards in 1996.


title: John Farnham

text: Farnham collaborated with vocal group Human Nature to record "Every Time You Cry" which peaked at No. 3 on the singles charts in October 1997. Also in 1997 he released a series of three compilation albums, "", "" and "" which all peaked in the top 20, with "Anthology 1" reaching #1.


title: John Farnham

text: For The Main Event Tour during October–December 1998, Farnham performed with Olivia Newton-John and Anthony Warlow. The album "Highlights from The Main Event" peaked at No. 1 in December, sold 4× platinum, and won 'Highest Selling Album' at the 1999 ARIA Awards. "The Main Event" concert was broadcast on national TV and released on video.


title: John Farnham

text: During April–May 1999, Farnham undertook the I Can't Believe He's 50 Tour, supported by Merril Bainbridge, Kate Ceberano, Human Nature, James Reyne, Ross Wilson, and Nana-Zhami containing his son, Robert Farnham. "Live at the Regent", recorded on 1 July 1999 (Farnham's 50th birthday), was released in September and peaked at #7.


title: John Farnham

text: On 21 December, Farnham performed a set for the Tour of Duty concert in Dili for the Australian troops serving with InterFET and East Timorese people. The concert included James Blundell, Dili Allstars, Gina Jeffreys, The Living End, Kylie Minogue, Doc Neeson and the RMC Band. Tour of Duty was the first of Farnham's concerts to be webcast.


title: John Farnham

text: For the 2000 Summer Olympics, Farnham and Newton-John performed "Dare to Dream" during the Parade of Nations at the Opening Ceremony. Broadcast of the ceremony was viewed by an estimated 3.5 billion people around the world. Farnham appeared as himself in the final episode of the Australian television series "The Games" (2000).


title: John Farnham

text: On 1 January 2001, Farnham was awarded a Centenary Medal, "for outstanding service to Australian music", as part of Australia's celebration of a centenary of federation.


title: John Farnham

text: In 2002, Farnham announced his decision to retire from full-scale national tours after his The Last Time Tour—he would still perform in concerts and record—which commenced on 6 November 2002 and finished on 15 June 2003. In conjunction with the tour, "The Last Time" was released in October 2002, it peaked at No. 1 and achieved 3× platinum sales. "The Last Time Tour" was a countrywide concert tour, taking a circus-style tent to smaller towns and filling large entertainment venues in capital cities, it became the biggest-grossing tour in Australian history.


title: John Farnham

text: During July 2003, Farnham worked with Queen to produce a new version of "We Will Rock You" for the 2003 Rugby World Cup, released on his greatest hits album, "One Voice". Media reports of Queen asking Farnham to join the band were subsequently denied by both Queen's Brian May and Farnham. Farnham was inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame on 21 October with a performance of "You're the Voice". Farnham also won 'Best Adult Contemporary Album' for "The Last Time". 2002 Hall of Fame inductee was Olivia Newton-John, while in 2004 Little River Band was inducted.


title: John Farnham

text: Combining with singer Tom Jones, Farnham undertook the Together in Concert series during 2004 with ten shows in Perth, Sydney, Brisbane, and Melbourne. Duets started with "That Driving Beat" and "Mama Told Me Not to Come", solos from Farnham were "One", "Pressure Down", "That's Freedom", "Heart's on Fire", "Playing to Win", "Every Time You Cry", "Man of the Hour", "Age of Reason", and "Burn for You". The pair did five duets to close the show—Sam and Dave's "Hold On I'm Coming", Otis Redding's "Try a Little Tenderness", Ray Charles' "What'd I Say", Arthur Conley's "Sweet Soul Music" and AC/DC's anthem, "Long Way to the Top". The DVD release, "Together in Concert – John Farnham & Tom Jones", debuted at No 1.


title: John Farnham

text: Farnham's career resurrection following "The Last Time", has entered the Australian consciousness as a touchstone for others who are seen to return from a strongly-declared retirement. The announcement of the Farnham/Jones "Together In Concert" tour triggered an unsuccessful claim for damages from a fan, angry that "The Last Time" tour was not in fact Farnham's last, as purported in its marketing. Consumer watchdog the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission took no action following this complaint.


title: John Farnham

text: Farnham made an appearance during the 2005 Melbourne Music Festival, raising funds for rebuilding after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake at the Tsunami Benefit Concert.


title: John Farnham

text: "I Remember When I Was Young: Songs from The Great Australian Songbook" was released in November 2005—it contains 13 covers of hits, written and performed by Australian artists—which peaked at No. 2 on the ARIA albums charts.


title: John Farnham

text: In February 2006, Farnham performed four shows at the Sydney Opera House, with the Sydney Symphony, followed by shows at the Victorian Arts Centre's Hamer Hall, Melbourne. These shows were sponsored by Dairy Farmers and a percentage of revenue received from the 'I Remember When I was Young' concerts went to the Dairy Farmers 'Creating Greener Pastures' program to help farmers and their communities. A 2006 DVD of Farnham entitled "John Farnham with the Sydney Symphony Orchestra" was released, it debuted at No. 2 on the ARIA DVD charts and then peaked at #1.


title: John Farnham

text: From 18 February, Farnham embarked on a small Australian tour with Fleetwood Mac singer Stevie Nicks for a series of live shows. Both artists had equal billing but, unlike the Tom Jones shows, they did not sing together but individually. The same backup singers from the tour, however, were used by both Nicks and Farnham.


title: John Farnham

text: On 26 March, Farnham sang at the 2006 Commonwealth Games Closing Ceremony, in Melbourne starting with his hit "Age of Reason", followed by "I Remember When I Was Young" from his most recent studio album, "Playing to Win" from his Little River Band days and finished with his anthem song, "You're the Voice".


title: John Farnham

text: The twentieth anniversary of "Whispering Jack" in 2006 was marked by an "enhanced" commemorative CD re-release plus a DVD featuring an edited version of the tour that accompanied the album (the full concert was originally released on VHS in 1987). The original album was the first CD made in Australia and, as of June 2008, remains the highest-selling album in Australia by an Australian act.


title: John Farnham

text: On 27 May 2009, Farnham announced a new concert tour for September and October, "John Farnham – Live By Demand".


title: John Farnham

text: A new studio album, "Jack", was released by Sony BMG on 15 October 2010. The album contains 11 tracks and is Farnham's first studio album in over 5 years. "Jack" features covers of compositions by Ray Charles, Curtis Mayfield and Percy Sledge. The release of "Jack" coincides with a run of indoor and outdoor performances, under the title of "John Farnham Live!", throughout October and November 2010.


title: John Farnham

text: On 8 June 2011, it was announced that Farnham intended to embark on a nationwide tour of Australia throughout October and November 2011 to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the release of the "Whispering Jack" album. In addition to this, the "Whispering Jack Live" video album was edited down by 20 minutes and re-released on DVD by Sony BMG.


title: John Farnham

text: On 30 September 2011, Farnham released "The Acoustic Chapel Sessions" live album, recorded in Melbourne in July 2011 at Chapel Off Chapel. The album was released as a CD and DVD 2-disc set by Sony BMG. The CD contains eleven previously released Farnham songs recorded acoustically, while the DVD includes eight songs plus interviews with Farnham and the band as well as additional behind-the-scenes footage.


title: John Farnham

text: On 27 July 2012, Farnham performed live for the Australian Olympic team in London during the lead up to the 2012 Olympic Games. He performed a number of his best-known songs, including "Playing To Win", "Pressure Down", and "You're The Voice". He appeared in a special one-off show with the Seekers in 2014 as part of the "Decades Festival" commemorating the music, fashion and cars of specific era and coinciding with the Seekers' golden jubilee year.


title: John Farnham

text: In 2015, Farnham joined Olivia Newton-John on stage with a concert tour entitled "Two Strong Hearts Live", singing hits from Newton John's film "Grease", iconic Farnham numbers and renditions of popular classics such as "Over the Rainbow" and "Tenterfield Saddler". An album was released in June 2015 and debuted at No. 1.


title: John Farnham

text: In 2015, Farnham and Wheatley spoke out against the use of his iconic signature song, "You're the Voice", being used by Reclaim Australia, an anti-Islamic group, and again in 2020 in regard to its use at anti-lockdown rallies during the stage 4 COVID-19 pandemic in Melbourne, Victoria which Wheatley described as offensive to Farnham.


title: John Farnham

text: , John Farnham's band members are musical director and keyboardist Chong Lim, Angus Burchall on drums, Brett Garsed on guitar, and Craig Newman on bass guitar. Backing vocalists are Lindsay Field, Lisa Edwards, Susie Ahern, and Rod Davies. Previously prominent long-serving members have included Venetta Fields and Stuart Fraser, from the band Noiseworks who regularly performed and toured with the band from 1992 until 2018 when his health deteriorated due to lung cancer. Fraser died on 1 December 2019.


title: John Farnham

text: Farnham married Jillian Billman, a dancer he met when performing the stage musical "Charlie Girl", on 11 April 1973. They have two sons, Robert and James. Farnham is a supporter of the North Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League. He lives on a farm near Bendigo.


title: John Farnham

text: After years of performing at high-volume concerts, Farnham has tinnitus and hearing loss, and wears hearing aids.


title: John Farnham

text: In 2019, Farnham cancelled an Australian and New Zealand tour due to a severe kidney infection and dehydration. He subsequently gave up a lifetime habit of smoking, and reduced his alcohol intake.


title: John Farnham

text: On 23 August 2022, Farnham released a statement that he was to undergo immediate surgery after being diagnosed with cancer. In this statement, he said "cancer diagnosis is something that so many people face every single day, and countless others have walked this path before me." The same day, he underwent a nearly twelve-hour surgery to remove a tumour in his mouth, including jaw reconstruction. He was transferred to an intensive care unit, in a stable condition. It was later announced that the tumour had been successfully removed.


title: John Farnham

text: Farnham has supported several charities over the years, including headlining the 2019 Hay Mate series of concert for Australia's farming community, which raised over 4.4 million dollars.


title: John Farnham

text: Farnham has won and been nominated for numerous Australian music and entertainment awards. These include 21 ARIA Awards from 60 nominations including his induction into their Hall of Fame. Others are , Mo Awards and "TV Week" magazine's and their Logie Awards.


title: John Farnham

text: In 2015, Farnham, along with AC/DC, Newton John, the Seekers, and Indigenous Australian artist Archie Roach, was inducted into the Music Victoria Hall of Fame.


title: Cooling tower

text: A cooling tower is a device that rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a coolant stream, usually a water stream to a lower temperature. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid to near the wet-bulb air temperature or, in the case of "dry cooling towers", rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to near the dry-bulb air temperature using radiators.


title: Cooling tower

text: Common applications include cooling the circulating water used in oil refineries, petrochemical and other chemical plants, thermal power stations, nuclear power stations and HVAC systems for cooling buildings. The classification is based on the type of air induction into the tower: the main types of cooling towers are natural draft and induced draft cooling towers.


title: Cooling tower

text: Cooling towers vary in size from small roof-top units to very large hyperboloid structures (as in the adjacent image) that can be up to tall and in diameter, or rectangular structures that can be over tall and long. Hyperboloid cooling towers are often associated with nuclear power plants, although they are also used in some coal-fired plants and to some extent in some large chemical and other industrial plants. Although these large towers are very prominent, the vast majority of cooling towers are much smaller, including many units installed on or near buildings to discharge heat from air conditioning. Cooling towers are also often thought to emit smoke or harmful fumes by the general public, when in reality the emissions from those towers do not contribute to carbon footprint, and consist solely of water vapor.


title: Cooling tower

text: Cooling towers in the 19th century through the development of condensers for use with the steam engine. Condensers use relatively cool water, via various means, to condense the steam coming out of the cylinders or turbines. This reduces the back pressure, which in turn reduces the steam consumption, and thus the fuel consumption, while at the same time increasing power and recycling boiler-water. However the condensers require an ample supply of cooling water, without which they are impractical. While water usage is not an issue with marine engines, it forms a significant limitation for many land-based systems.


title: Cooling tower

text: For many years, the cooling tower had been an essential part of life when it came to Heating and or water cooling but in 1966, and English American inventor named James Garfield from Stratford upon Avon England immigrated to the US ( specifically in Baltimore Maryland), and Garfield was an early inspiration of the cooling tower in the early 60s , James Garfield died in 1977 but his remains were kept in the cooling tower in Stratford-upon-Avon where he was born.


title: Cooling tower

text: By the turn of the 20th century, several evaporative methods of recycling cooling water were in use in areas lacking an established water supply, as well as in urban locations where municipal water mains may not be of sufficient supply; reliable in times of demand; or otherwise adequate to meet cooling needs. In areas with available land, the systems took the form of cooling ponds; in areas with limited land, such as in cities, they took the form of cooling towers.


title: Cooling tower

text: These early towers were positioned either on the rooftops of buildings or as free-standing structures, supplied with air by fans or relying on natural airflow. An American engineering textbook from 1911 described one design as "a circular or rectangular shell of light plate—in effect, a chimney stack much shortened vertically (20 to 40 ft. high) and very much enlarged laterally. At the top is a set of distributing troughs, to which the water from the condenser must be pumped; from these it trickles down over "mats" made of wooden slats or woven wire screens, which fill the space within the tower."


title: Cooling tower

text: A hyperboloid cooling tower was patented by the Dutch engineers Frederik van Iterson and Gerard Kuypers in 1918. The first hyperboloid cooling towers were built in 1918 near Heerlen. The first ones in the United Kingdom were built in 1924 at Lister Drive power station in Liverpool, England, to cool water used at a coal-fired electrical power station.


title: Cooling tower

text: According to Gas Technology Institute (GTI) report, the indirect dew point evaporative cooling Maisotsenko Cycle (M-Cycle) is a theoretically sound method of reducing a fluid to dew point temperature which is lower than its wet bulb temperature. The M-cycle utilizes the psychrometric energy (or the potential energy) available from the latent heat of water evaporating into the air. While its current manifestation is as the M-Cycle HMX for air conditioning, through engineering design this cycle could be applied as a heat and moisture recovery device for combustion devices, cooling towers, condensers, and other processes involving humid gas streams.


title: Cooling tower

text: The consumption of cooling water by inland processing and power plants is estimated to reduce power availability for the majority of thermal power plants by 2040–2069.


title: Cooling tower

text: In 2021, researchers presented a method for steam recapture. The steam is charged using an ion beam, and then captured in a wire mesh of opposite charge. The water's purity exceeded EPA potability standards.


title: Cooling tower

text: An HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) cooling tower is used to dispose of ("reject") unwanted heat from a chiller. Liquid-cooled chillers are normally more energy efficient than air-cooled chillers due to heat rejection to tower water at or near wet-bulb temperatures. Air-cooled chillers must reject heat at the higher dry-bulb temperature, and thus have a lower average reverse-Carnot cycle effectiveness. In areas with a hot climate, large office buildings, hospitals, and schools typically use one or more cooling towers as part of their air conditioning systems. Generally, industrial cooling towers are much larger than HVAC towers.


title: Cooling tower

text: HVAC use of a cooling tower pairs the cooling tower with a liquid-cooled chiller or liquid-cooled condenser. A "ton" of air-conditioning is defined as the removal of . The "equivalent ton" on the cooling tower side actually rejects about due to the additional waste heat-equivalent of the energy needed to drive the chiller's compressor. This "equivalent ton" is defined as the heat rejection in cooling or of water by , which amounts to , assuming a chiller coefficient of performance (COP) of 4.0. This COP is equivalent to an energy efficiency ratio (EER) of 14.


title: Cooling tower

text: Cooling towers are also used in HVAC systems that have multiple water source heat pumps that share a common piping "water loop". In this type of system, the water circulating inside the water loop removes heat from the condenser of the heat pumps whenever the heat pumps are working in the cooling mode, then the externally mounted cooling tower is used to remove heat from the water loop and reject it to the atmosphere. By contrast, when the heat pumps are working in heating mode, the condensers draw heat out of the loop water and reject it into the space to be heated. When the water loop is being used primarily to supply heat to the building, the cooling tower is normally shut down (and may be drained or winterized to prevent freeze damage), and heat is supplied by other means, usually from separate boilers.


title: Cooling tower

text: Industrial cooling towers can be used to remove heat from various sources such as machinery or heated process material. The primary use of large, industrial cooling towers is to remove the heat absorbed in the circulating cooling water systems used in power plants, petroleum refineries, petrochemical plants, natural gas processing plants, food processing plants, semi-conductor plants, and for other industrial facilities such as in condensers of distillation columns, for cooling liquid in crystallization, etc. The circulation rate of cooling water in a typical 700 MW coal-fired power plant with a cooling tower amounts to about 71,600 cubic metres an hour (315,000 US gallons per minute) and the circulating water requires a supply water make-up rate of perhaps 5 percent (i.e., 3,600 cubic metres an hour, equivalent to one cubic metre every second).


title: Cooling tower

text: If that same plant had no cooling tower and used once-through cooling water, it would require about 100,000 cubic metres an hour A large cooling water intake typically kills millions of fish and larvae annually, as the organisms are impinged on the intake screens. A large amount of water would have to be continuously returned to the ocean, lake or river from which it was obtained and continuously re-supplied to the plant. Furthermore, discharging large amounts of hot water may raise the temperature of the receiving river or lake to an unacceptable level for the local ecosystem. Elevated water temperatures can kill fish and other aquatic organisms (see "thermal pollution"), or can also cause an increase in undesirable organisms such as invasive species of zebra mussels or algae. A cooling tower serves to dissipate the heat into the atmosphere instead and wind and air diffusion spreads the heat over a much larger area than hot water can distribute heat in a body of water. Evaporative cooling water cannot be used for subsequent purposes (other than rain somewhere), whereas surface-only cooling water can be re-used.


title: Cooling tower

text: Some coal-fired and nuclear power plants located in coastal areas do make use of once-through ocean water. But even there, the offshore discharge water outlet requires very careful design to avoid environmental problems.


title: Cooling tower

text: Petroleum refineries also have very large cooling tower systems. A typical large refinery processing 40,000 metric tonnes of crude oil per day ( per day) circulates about 80,000 cubic metres of water per hour through its cooling tower system.


title: Cooling tower

text: The world's tallest cooling towers are the two tall cooling towers of Kalisindh Thermal Power Station in Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India.


title: Cooling tower

text: These types of cooling towers are factory preassembled, and can be simply transported on trucks, as they are compact machines. The capacity of package type towers is limited and, for that reason, they are usually preferred by facilities with low heat rejection requirements such as food processing plants, textile plants, some chemical processing plants, or buildings like hospitals, hotels, malls, automotive factories etc.


title: Cooling tower

text: Due to their frequent use in or near residential areas, sound level control is a relatively more important issue for package type cooling towers.


title: Cooling tower

text: Facilities such as power plants, steel processing plants, petroleum refineries, or petrochemical plants usually install field erected type cooling towers due to their greater capacity for heat rejection. Field erected towers are usually much larger in size compared to the package type cooling towers.


title: Cooling tower

text: A typical field erected cooling tower has a pultruded fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) structure, FRP cladding, a mechanical unit for air draft, and a drift eliminator.


title: Cooling tower

text: In a wet cooling tower (or open circuit cooling tower), the warm water can be cooled to a temperature "lower" than the ambient air dry-bulb temperature, if the air is relatively dry (see dew point and psychrometrics). As ambient air is drawn past a flow of water, a small portion of the water evaporates, and the energy required to evaporate that portion of the water is taken from the remaining mass of water, thus reducing its temperature. Approximately of heat energy is absorbed for the evaporated water. Evaporation results in saturated air conditions, lowering the temperature of the water processed by the tower to a value close to wet-bulb temperature, which is lower than the ambient dry-bulb temperature, the difference determined by the initial humidity of the ambient air.


title: Cooling tower

text: To achieve better performance (more cooling), a medium called "fill" is used to increase the surface area and the time of contact between the air and water flows. "Splash fill" consists of material placed to interrupt the water flow causing splashing. "Film fill" is composed of thin sheets of material (usually PVC) upon which the water flows. Both methods create increased surface area and time of contact between the fluid (water) and the gas (air), to improve heat transfer.


title: Cooling tower

text: On 16 August 1916, Frederik van Iterson took out the UK patent (108,863) for "Improved Construction of Cooling Towers of Reinforced Concrete". The patent was filed on 9 August 1917, and published on 11 April 1918.


title: Cooling tower

text: In 1918, DSM built the first hyperboloid natural-draft cooling tower at the Staatsmijn Emma, designed by Frederik van Iterson.


title: Cooling tower

text: Hyperboloid (sometimes incorrectly known as hyperbolic) cooling towers have become the design standard for all natural-draft cooling towers because of their structural strength and minimum usage of material. The hyperboloid shape also aids in accelerating the upward convective air flow, improving cooling efficiency. These designs are popularly associated with nuclear power plants. However, this association is misleading, as the same kind of cooling towers are often used at large coal-fired power plants and some geothermal plants as well. Conversely, not all nuclear power plants have cooling towers, and some instead cool their heat exchangers with lake, river or ocean water.


title: Cooling tower

text: Crossflow is a design in which the airflow is directed perpendicular to the water flow (see diagram at left). Airflow enters one or more vertical faces of the cooling tower to meet the fill material. Water flows (perpendicular to the air) through the fill by gravity. The air continues through the fill and thus past the water flow into an open plenum volume. Lastly, a fan forces the air out into the atmosphere.


title: Cooling tower

text: A "distribution" or "hot water basin" consisting of a deep pan with holes or "nozzles" in its bottom is located near the top of a crossflow tower. Gravity distributes the water through the nozzles uniformly across the fill material. Cross Flow V/s Counter Flow


title: Cooling tower

text: In a counterflow design, the air flow is directly opposite to the water flow (see diagram at left). Air flow first enters an open area beneath the fill media, and is then drawn up vertically. The water is sprayed through pressurized nozzles near the top of the tower, and then flows downward through the fill, opposite to the air flow.


title: Cooling tower

text: Both crossflow and counterflow designs can be used in natural draft and in mechanical draft cooling towers.


title: Cooling tower

text: Quantitatively, the material balance around a wet, evaporative cooling tower system is governed by the operational variables of make-up volumetric flow rate, evaporation and windage losses, draw-off rate, and the concentration cycles.