title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In his early appearances, Shredder was presented as extremely cunning and was described by Splinter himself as the most dangerous adversary he ever faced. Shredder's intelligence persevered throughout his various portrayals, and in several instances, it is claimed that Shredder has an IQ of 300. As the 1987 cartoon series was more light-hearted than the comics, Shredder was later depicted as evil but a villain that always fails rather than the dire and lethal ninja he was originally shown to be. He and Krang are constantly bickering about tactics and often take pleasure in the other's failings (and sometimes intentionally sabotage each other). His two henchmen Bebop and Rocksteady are especially incompetent and fail miserably at everything they do. They were mostly used for comic relief in the show; however, the Turtles certainly consider them to be formidable (despite their inane stupidity) in combat due to their great strength and endurance, and as such, often use their intelligence to outwit them.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Despite Shredder's failings, he is still shown to have considerable skills. In martial arts, he is often shown to surpass the Turtles and to be equaled only by Splinter. Nevertheless, he usually runs away from a fight when outnumbered, incapacitating the Turtles to defeat them in combat; as the series progressed, however, the Turtles were able to battle him on more equal grounds and even defeat him in combat on several occasions. He trained the Punk Frogs in a very short period of time to be a match for the Turtles, but the Punk Frogs soon switch sides. His technical skills are also quite impressive: he designed and built a robotic body for Krang, prepared the mutagen mixture, knew how Krang's teleportation engine worked and built numerous other advanced devices. Ironically in one episode "Shredderville" the Turtles dream they find themselves in a mirror universe where they themselves never existed and Shredder rules New York City, yet finds the task of ruling so burdensome that he has a nervous breakdown.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: From mid-season seven onwards, Shredder was depicted as a more serious threat, full of anger and bloodlust, though he was still easily defeated by the Turtles. His friendship with Krang also appeared to have grown. There were many times that Shredder could have just left Krang at the mercy of the Turtles or Lord Dregg, but he always rescued him and went as far as to donate his life energy to save him.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Shredder's family is presented in three episodes. In the episode "Shredder's Mom", Shredder's mother Miyoko helps Shredder and Krang in an attempt to destroy the world's climate. In this episode, Miyoko first learns of her son's criminal activities and proves herself to be villainous. However, she constantly treats Shredder like a baby, until he gets fed up with it and transports her back to her retirement home. In the episode "My Brother, the Bad Guy", it is revealed that Oroku Saki has a younger brother, Kazuo who works as a police lieutenant in Tokyo. Kazuo and the Turtles try to join forces to stop one of Shredder's plans, but his fervent respect for the law clashes with the Turtles' "whatever it takes" attitude. Finally, the episode "The Legend of Koji" features Saki's distant ancestor Oroku Sancho, who lived in Japan in 1583. He is the leader of a small clan, and every bit as wicked as his descendant. When Shredder offers to help him find magical relics that would provide him with power and wealth, Sancho takes Shredder's information, then betrays him and orders his men to kill him. However, Sancho is also a coward, and when he breaks down in the face of danger, his men abandon him.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: This family tree leads to a bit of confusion regarding whether Shredder's given name is Oroku and his last name Saki (as indicated by the fact his brother shares the name Saki), or the other way around (as indicated by the fact his ancestor's last name is Oroku). This question is never resolved on the show, although Mirage comics adds more evidence for Oroku being the family name; Saki's brother is "Oroku Nagi". This follows Japanese naming conventions, which place the family name before an individual's given name.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Counting from the first meeting with the Turtles, Shredder spent eight seasons plotting ways to defeat them. In the season 8 episode "Turtle Trek", the Turtles destroy the engines of the Technodrome, trapping it and its inhabitants in Dimension X for good and putting an end to Shredder's plans. He spent the next two seasons in Dimension X, until he was contacted by Dregg ("The Power of Three"). Dregg arranged for him and Krang to come back to Earth, to help him fight the Turtles. Together, they capture the Turtles, but Dregg then betrays them and tries to drain the life energy of the Turtles, Krang, and Shredder all at once, making them weaker while Dregg becomes stronger. Shredder alone escapes the trap and restores Krang ("A Turtle in Time"), but Dregg captures them again. Finally, the Turtles spoil Dregg's plan and transport Shredder and Krang back to Dimension X ("Turtles to the Second Power"). In the series finale "Divide and Conquer", the Turtles return to the Technodrome in Dimension X to take Krang's android body, which they need to fight Dregg. Shredder is nowhere to be seen, but it is assumed that he is still somewhere in Dimension X.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: He and Krang also appear in "Turtles Forever", with the Technodrome still under New York City before being sent into the 2003 universe. However, Shredder and Krang's incompetence (as well as their relative sanity) is fully shown when the Utrom Shredder of the 2003 universe seizes command of the Technodrome and adds Utrom technology to the powerful war machine, and turns it against the world. In the climax, Shredder temporarily overcomes his hatred for the Turtles as both he and Krang decide to help the Turtles defeat the Utrom Shredder who they realize is totally insane, will kill everyone, and has effectively stolen the Technodrome from them. Shredder also takes extreme offense at being considered inferior by his other-dimensional counterpart, does not see the point of destroying the entire universe, and does not understand why the Utrom Shredder refuses to just kill the Turtles when he has the chance. So, with Krang, he chooses to fight alongside the Turtles against their common foe.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In "", Shredder (portrayed by Patrick Pon, voiced by Doug Parker) is still the Turtles' sworn enemy. This time, however, Venus uses her powers to make the Oroku Saki from within taking control of Shredder's mind. After the Foot Clan disbands, he ends up living on the streets. Later, the Dragon Lord's rank warriors attack him to get a medallion that was in his possession. Splinter saves him and takes him to the Turtles' lair to protect him. It was hinted that Shredder might possibly go back to his old ways, but the show was canceled soon after that episode.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In the show, Shredder wore a general attire similar to the one he wore in the second film, but with a heavily altered helmet/mask due to the lesser budget for the TV series as compared to the movies, which had allowed for more detailed props and costume pieces. Shredder appeared only a few times in the show, due to the main antagonist of the series being a draconic being from another dimension and thus supplanted Shredder as the Turtles' nemesis.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Numerous individuals have assumed the "Shredder" mantle in the 2003 animated series, all of whom, except for Karai, are voiced by Scottie Ray. In the episode "Tempus Fugit", a possible future is shown in which the Utrom Shredder, Tengu Shredder, and Cyber Shredder are engaged in a war for control of New York City.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: The Utrom Shredder is the archenemy of the Turtles and Splinter and indirectly had a hand in their creation.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: After causing the deaths of millions across the universe, the megalomaniacal and sociopathic alien warlord Ch'rell (whose aliases include Torrinon, Kako Naso, and Duke Acureds) was captured by his fellow Utrom and was being transported back to his homeworld to answer for his crimes. However, Ch'rell managed to escape captivity and sabotaged the Utrom ship, causing it to crash-land on Earth during the Sengoku period of feudal Japan. Stranded on the then-primitive planet, the Utrom were forced to wait for centuries until human technology advanced enough for them to develop a teleportation device and return home. They thus developed humanoid exo-suits to hide amongst the humans, and Ch'rell stole the first working prototype and used the Japanese legend of a Demon Tengu (see Tengu Shredder) to craft a dual identity, becoming a wealthy Japanese philanthropist named Oroku Saki while secretly operating as the crime lord known as the Shredder. Saki soon founded the Foot Clan, which grew into a massive underground criminal empire by the 20th century, and created important links with the New York underworld, especially with the Purple Dragons; their leader Hun would serve as his right-hand man. Saki also adopts an abandoned girl named Karai, whom he personally trained in the arts of ninjutsu to lead the Foot Clan in Japan while he operated in New York City. In New York, the Shredder captures Hamato Yoshi, one of the Utroms' foremost guardians, and kills him after he refuses to reveal their location. Yoshi's pet rat Splinter witnesses his murder and escapes, winding up in the city's sewers where he and four baby turtles are accidentally exposed to a mutagenic ooze created by the Utroms, transforming them into sentient humanoid lifeforms.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In the first season set over a decade later, the Turtles begin encountering the Foot Clan and unknowingly foiling several of the Shredder's operations. Oroku Saki becomes intrigued with the Turtles, wanting to meet them and hoping to bring them to his side. One day, he invites Leonardo to his home and offers him to join the Foot. However, the Turtles learn of his true nature when Splinter tells them about the Shredder's role in Master Yoshi's murder. The Shredder eventually becomes the greatest enemy of the Turtles when they reject his offer. During their first engagement, the Shredder proves himself to be more skilled than the Turtles, compelling them to flee and hide. While Shredder and his Foot Ninja search for the Turtles, Splinter finds and regroups them, and plans a counterattack. In a subsequent battle on the rooftops, the Shredder outmatches the Turtles again, but Splinter tricks him into cutting the support for a water tower, which is kicked onto him. The water sweeps Shredder off the building, and the tower collapses to the ground, crushing him. But a few scenes later, Shredder's hand emerges from the wreckage of the water tower.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Splinter and the Turtles were unaware of the Shredder's survival until months later, one day when Leonardo goes on an outdoor morning training exercise, only to be ambushed by the Foot Clan. He is beaten close to death and sent flying into a window of April O'Neil's antique shop apartment, where the Turtles were staying after Foot Ninjas had marauded their sewer home while they were away. Soon afterward, the Shredder leads an assault on April's shop. Overpowered and outnumbered, the Turtles, Splinter, April, and Casey Jones are forced to retreat in a walk-in cooler. The Shredder then burns down the apartment, but the Turtles and their allies evacuate and depart for Casey's grandmother's farmhouse, where they would spend the next three months recuperating.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: During this time, they are presumed dead, but Saki orders Baxter Stockman to find evidence that the Turtles died, and is cheated by Stockman into believing so. When Leonardo is completely healed from his injuries, the Turtles and Splinter return to New York to face the Shredder once more. They launch a surprise assault on the Foot headquarters, fighting their way through Shredder's minions and eventually reaching his throne. By the end of the battle, Leonardo decapitates The Shredder when they strike each other in one final clash. Not knowing that he is an Utrom, the Turtles believe him to be finally killed for good. After they leave, the Shredder is seen to be getting up and walking away carrying his severed head.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In the second season, Ch'rell seeks to exact revenge on his species. He infiltrates the TCRI facility, where the Utroms' base is located and encounters the Turtles and Master Splinter. Despite their efforts, an unconscious Shredder slips out a time bomb, set to detonate in ten minutes. The Turtles help the Utroms escape using the Transmat, a teleportation device, which Donatello activates. After the Utroms teleport back to their homeworld, the Shredder awakens and attacks the Turtles. In the ensuing fight, the Turtles use their weapons to penetrate his armor, which is then shocked by Donatello, disabling it. Afterward, the Shredder reveals his Utrom form to the Turtles, intent on taking down his enemies with him. However, in the last few seconds, Donatello manages to power up the Transmat, through which he, his brothers, and Splinter escape before the TCRI building implode with Ch'rell inside of it.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: With his supposed demise, the Foot Clan, the Purple Dragons, and the New York Mafia clash with each other for control of New York City. Unknown to them, the Shredder had survived once more and was retrieved by his daughter Karai, now being placed in a stasis tube and healed by worms inside a secret medical facility of the Foot headquarters. During his recuperation, Karai assumes leadership of the Foot Clan and makes peace with the Turtles after they help her end the turf war. However, once the Shredder is fully recovered, he vows vengeance and breaks off the truce. By this point, Baxter Stockman had created the Foot Mechs, mainly in the form of armed ninja robots, but in versions of the U.S. president, the English Prime Minister, and Splinter as well. The Shredder's plans were again thwarted when the Turtles, Splinter, and their unlikely ally, the Triceraton Zog, locate his barge hideout, leading to another confrontation with the Foot. Aboard the freighter, Donatello programs a bomb set to go off in 30 minutes. The Shredder is defeated again when Zog sacrifices himself by seizing him and jumping into a blazing fire, but Karai rescues him on a helicopter.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In the third season, the Triceratons launch an invasion on Earth. In the aftermath of the invasion, New York City is in ruins. In his persona as Oroku Saki, the Shredder uses his fortune to repair the damage and gains the favor of its citizens, while secretly salvaging the remnants of Triceraton technology to construct a large starship to return to the stars, so he could retaliate against the Utrom. He also promotes Karai to lieutenant and enlists the help of a young scientist named Dr. Chaplin, replacing Hun and Stockman due to their numerous failures. The craft is eventually completed, but Ch'rell's plan suffers several complications, courtesy of the Turtles and the Earth Protection Force (led by Agent Bishop). Despite sustaining heavy damage, the ship is launched into orbit, albeit with the Turtles and Splinter on board. When Karai notes that they left their forces on Earth, Ch'rell states that he has allies on other worlds that can help him. Entering a four-armed Shredder exo-suit, Ch'rell easily defeats them all, prompting the Turtles and Splinter to attempt to sacrifice their lives and blow the ship up in a final attempt to stop the Shredder. Luckily, as the starship explodes, Mortu and the Utrom arrive, having placed a stasis field around the entire ship, freezing time, and teleport all its inhabitants to safety. While the Turtles and Splinter are teleported to the infirmary and Professor Honeycutt is taken to one of their labs to be placed in a new robot body, Ch'rell, Karai, and Dr. Chaplin are teleported to the brig. On the Utrom homeworld, Ch'rell is placed on trial before the Utrom High Council that is observed by the Turtles, Splinter, Karai, and Professor Honeycutt. The Utrom High Council lists his crimes from launching an attack on the planet Enefgold where over one million innocents perished, incited and funded a civil war on the planet Eno II in an effort to mine their raw minerals without restriction in which 3.2 million perished, and multiple attempts to take control of the Utrom government through an illegal and violent coup. The Utrom High Council then finds Ch'rell guilty for the chaos and destruction he brought across the universe and ultimately sentence him to eternal exile on the desolate ice asteroid Mor Gal Tal.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In the finale film "Turtles Forever", Ch'rell is freed from his exile by his Shredder counterpart from the 1987 series after his frozen body was teleported off of Mor Gal Tal by the 1980s Shredder and Krang. Once Karai showed up upon finding out about Ch'rell's return, Ch'rell then takes over the Technodrome and gains a new, more powerful exo-suit. After realigning with a now-mutated Hun, Ch'rell reverse-engineers the mutagen that Hun got to turn a select number of Cyber Foot into Mutant Foot Soldiers and create new Foot Robots that are stronger than the '80s versions. The Ch'rell later uses the Technodrome to view alternate dimensions, realizing that there is an entire multiverse of Ninja Turtles. Locating the Turtles' source planet, Turtle Prime, Ch'rell vows to eliminate every Ninja Turtle in existence by destroying this dimension. The Mirage Turtles, the 1987 Turtles, and the 2003 Turtles team up to defeat Ch'rell, though Karai and Splinter agree that the Shredder will return again as he always does.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In "Same As It Never Was", Donatello is transported to an alternate future in which the Shredder has succeeded in subjugating Earth. By then, Splinter had died protecting his sons and Casey Jones died fighting the Foot Clan. Ch'rell also severed Michelangelo's left arm and Raphael's left eye. When Donatello leads a final rebellion against the Shredder's fortress, his Foot forces kill Michelangelo while Karai kills Leonardo and Raphael. April avenges Leonardo and Raphael by using a rocket launcher on Karai, and the Shredder is killed by Donatello with the Tuneller.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In "Timing is Everything", Leonardo and Cody Jones are accidentally sent back in time to the aftermath of the Turtles' first battle with the Shredder. Later, the Shredder and several Foot ninjas are transported to 2105 but are easily defeated by the Turtles' futuristic technology.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: The very first Shredder was a Demonic Tengu that rose from a hellish pit and terrorized ancient Japan. After a fierce battle with the Five Dragons, when on the verge of death at the hands of Oroku Saki, the strongest of the five, it brokered a deal to enter and possess him. Tempted by the demon's promises of power, Saki welcomed the monster's essence into his being and assumed all of its terrible powers. His reign of terror would come to an end, as the original Shredder was eventually defeated by the power of his former comrades, each of whom mastered powerful metaphysical practices of their own to combat their corrupted warrior. In defeating and concealing the evil warlord, the remaining Dragons would fade from historical memory in order to become the Ninja Tribunal. The quartet of immortal warriors spent the next couple of centuries watching over the demonic conqueror's remains; having his body, helmet, and gauntlet separated and sealed away at differing locales to prevent his return. Later in the 21st century, the Tengu Shredder's five heralds, the Foot Mystics, would attempt to resurrect him. They first enlist a bone demon backed by their mystic amulet to bypass the Tribunal, Master Splinter, and the Ancient One's vast insight, but the plot was foiled by the youthful Turtles who saw through said trinket's arcana. Years later, the onset of the true Shredder's return forces the Ninja Tribunal to recruit the Turtles alongside four human warriors as their Acolytes, whom they would train in their ways for the purpose of preventing the resurrection of the Tengu Shredder. After the Demon Shredder rises from the dead and conquers New York City, the Turtles recruit Karai's Foot Clan, the Justice Force, the Earth Protection Force, and the Purple Dragons to defeat him. The Demon Shredder is weakened when Karai drains his power via a mystic link (which connects all who take the mantle of the Shredder), and he is finally destroyed when the Turtles combine their Dragon avatars to summon the spirit of Hamato Yoshi, who delivers the final blow, ending the Demon Shredder for good.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: The Cyber Shredder appears in the seventh and final season "Back to the Sewer". It is revealed that prior to Ch'rell's exile, he created a digital copy of himself in the event that anything happened to his corporeal form and stored this double in a Foot data vault deep within the Internet. This vault's consciousness is later released when the futuristic Viral attempts to access it, giving rise to the Cyber Shredder. While he is initially confined to cyberspace, the Cyber Shredder ultimately manages to escape and become a physical being. During the final episode, the Cyber Shredder leads the Foot Clan to attack April O'Neil and Casey Jones's wedding and is finally defeated when the Turtles erased him with a de-compiler previously used against Viral.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Karai is the adopted daughter of Oroku Saki (Ch'rell), who takes the mantle of the Shredder after her father's exile. After some lesser battles, she willingly renounces the mantle and begins a non-hostile relationship with the Turtles, particularly towards Leonardo.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: His Japanese origins as Oroku Saki and brotherly relationship with Hamato Yoshi is mostly intact, with the Foot Clan and the Hamato Clan being later revealed as having a long-term rivalry before the Hamato family killed the Oroku family, wiped out their entire clan (starting with the destruction of the Foot Clan monastery) and took in the orphaned Saki as their own. Despite being raised as brothers, both Saki and Yoshi eventually became rivals due to the love of Tang Shen, whose decision to marry Yoshi drove Saki to discover his true heritage and turn on his former brother, eventually destroying everything Yoshi held dear, including the lovely Tang Shen (whom he had killed by accident) and the entire Hamato Clan (starting with the destruction of the Hamato Clan monastery, which resulted with Saki's head getting burned scarred and hairless). Blaming Tang Shen's untimely death on Yoshi, Saki returned to his biological family and became the new leader of the newly restored Foot Clan, tutoring ninjutsu students such as world-famous martial artist Chris Bradford and Brazilian street thug Xever Montes, sharing criminal business with business partners such as Russian arms dealer Ivan Steranko, Sicilian mob boss Don Visiozo, and Purple Dragons leader Hun. In addition, he also a pet akita named Hachiko (named after the akita of the same name) who played a part in Bradford's mutation into Dogpound after Hachiko bit him.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Shredder first appeared at the end of "Rise of the Turtles, Part 2" where he traveled to New York when he learned that Hamato Yoshi is training his own ninjas after seeing a shuriken with his clan symbol on a shuriken left behind by the Turtles during a recent fight on a TV news report. Determined to finally end his age-old rival's life, he sent the Foot Clan after the Turtles until he made his first confrontation with the Turtles in person in "The Gauntlet", where victory was seemingly in his grasp before he was distracted by the mutating Bradford and Montes. Although Shredder planned to kill former TCRI inventor Baxter Stockman for interfering with his plans to kill the Turtles in "MOUSERS Attack", he changed his mind by commenting on how Stockman's scientific knowledge could be useful to him. Shredder is also Karai's father, as seen in "New Girl in Town". However, in "Showdown", during Shredder's battle with Splinter, he reveals that in the aftermath of the fight that caused Tang Shen's death, he took Splinter's daughter, Miwa, and raised her as Karai. He has told her that he is her biological father and it was Splinter who killed her mother, as she has sworn revenge ever since. Shredder initially dismissed the Kraang's presence in New York, but after capturing one, decided to ally with them to destroy the Turtles. The partnership seems stable, though it would seem the Shredder still did not fully trust his new allies.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Early in the second season, in "Follow the Leader", he left for Japan to deal with a situation, leaving Karai as the interim leader of his Foot Clan. He ordered her not to attack the Turtles nor make any dealings with the Kraang behind his back and was livid when his adoptive daughter disobeyed him. He returned in "The Manhattan Project", with Tiger Claw, a Japanese circus performer who was mutated into Shredder's deadly assassin and new first lieutenant. Tiger Claw was able to bring Splinter before him, but complications from a Kraang operation in the city and the Turtles' own efforts rob Shredder of his chance to kill his old foe once again. In "The Wrath of Tiger Claw", Shredder and Tiger Claw attempted to use Karai to set a trap for the Turtles, but when she saw a photograph of Hamato Yoshi, Tang Shen, and herself as an infant, she realized that the Turtles were telling the truth and sided with them, resulting in her being captured while buying them time to escape Tiger Claw. Shredder still cared about his adoptive daughter, though, as seen in "The Legend of the Kuro Kabuto", where he visited her in her cell and explained why he kept everything a secret and hoped that she will one day understand. After his helmet, the titular Kuro Kabuto, was stolen by professional thief Anton Zeck on behalf of Steranko, Shredder found Zeck's calling card on a glued-down Rahzar and ordered the entire clan before him. Explaining the helmet's history as a special Foot Clan relic, he had the clan hunt for Zeck, sending Fishface with Stockman-Fly and Rahzar with Tiger Claw. Leonardo later confronted Shredder with the Kabuto for trade and kept him busy long enough for the other Turtles to get to Karai. However, the "Karai" Shredder traded them with turned out to be a dummy rigged with a bomb as the Turtles evaded it. In "Vengeance is Mine", Shredder attempted to use the real Karai as bait for a trap that would mutate the Turtles into snakes that would kill Splinter, but the plan backfired when Karai was exposed to the mutagen, turning into a snake and almost attacking Splinter before she fled after regaining control of herself.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In the two-part second-season finale "The Invasion", Shredder and Kraang Prime formed a full alliance in which Shredder and the Foot Clan will help the Kraang take over New York and then the world, and in turn, the Kraang would return Karai to normal, and deliver Splinter and the Turtles to him. Later, he watched as Leonardo fought and eventually defeated his army of Foot Bots, after which he sent Rahzar, Fishface, and Tiger Claw to take care of him. Leonardo managed to subdue them for a short period of time before Shredder got involved and badly injured Leonardo. Later, Splinter confronted him and the two battled until Splinter got trapped under large metal pipes. Shredder was prepared to kill his rival once and for all; however, Leatherhead intervened, and was defeated when Shredder sliced the front of his torso and kicked him off the edge of the dock. Splinter became furious as he broke out from under the pipes and tackled Shredder to the sewers. Later, the Turtles (minus Leonardo) and April watched helplessly from behind metal bars as Shredder defeated Splinter and seemingly killed him by throwing him down a large draining bay.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In the middle of the third season in "Return to New York", tensions began to grow high within the Foot of their alliance with the Kraang, but Shredder convinced everyone that he will keep his promise to take the city back from them. After a feral Splinter was found by the Foot-Bots and taken before him, Shredder had Stockman-Fly work on restoring his memory, which is what April did instead with her Kraang powers when she, the Turtles, and Casey Jones returned to the city to rescue their sensei. In "The Pig and the Rhino", Shredder sent a now mutated Steranko and Zeck (who are later renamed Bebop and Rocksteady by Michelangelo) to find Karai again, as they did recently before the Turtles helped her escape, or else they will be given something even more painful than mutation. After the Turtles unknowingly led them to her, the two succeeded in re-capturing Karai (while the Turtles were not looking) and delivering her back to Shredder, who promised to fix everything he had done to her. The Kraang invasion eventually came to a stop made by the Turtles and the Mighty Mutanimals, but its effects had eventually given Shredder a gift for his cooperation with the Kraang, which shifted the balance of power within the city's criminal underworld over to the Foot. For him, this was achieved by gaining control of the Purple Dragons and other Asian gangs through Hun, several South American gangs through Fishface, the Russian mob through Rocksteady, and the Sicilian mob through Vizioso. By using this power, Shredder had these crime groups aid him with collecting various chemicals from a chemical company called Aumen Chemicals, an abandoned Kraang lab and Vizioso for a mind-control serum that he planned to create and use on the Turtles, the Mutanimals, and Karai.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In the two-part season 3 finale, "Annihilation: Earth!" he briefly teams up with Splinter to stop a black hole machine that was to destroy the Earth. He briefly fought the Triceratons until he followed Splinter, double-crossing and stabbing him in the back, killing him instantly in front of the turtles. They rushed to Splinter while April blew Shredder away with a blast from her mind. Proclaiming that his victory over Splinter is more important to him than even saving the world, Shredder is sucked into the black hole along with his followers and Splinter while the turtles, April and Casey escape Earth's destruction and then in "Beyond the Known Universe", they travel back in time to six months earlier in an effort to prevent this event from happening. In "Earth's Last Stand" these events were revisited, but the arrival of the Turtles from the future resulted in Shredder's attempt to murder Splinter being thwarted. The two engaged briefly in battle with Splinter proving victorious, and the unconscious Shredder was carried away by Tiger Claw.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In "City at War" due to the injuries he sustained from Splinter, Shredder has been confined to a hospital bed under the care of Stockman with Bebop and Rocksteady as his bodyguards. When Tiger Claw returns to report the loss of an entire weapons cache thanks to the Turtles and Karai back in Manhattan, making it clear Karai wants to take Shredder down one piece at a time by destroying his criminal empire before taking him out, Shredder decrees that if it is a war Karai wants, it is a war she will get, before Stockman hooks an I.V. filled with mutagen up to Shredder, and as the mutagen is injected into Shredder, his eyes open wide as the mutagen takes effect. In "The Insecta Trifecta", Shredder is still receiving the mutagen drip as he now turns to Stockman as his last hope due to his undying loyalty since Tiger Claw and the others have become useless as of late in stopping Karai and the Turtles. When Stockman returns to report his mission a failure, Shredder is not worried about it, revealing to Stockman that his mutagen drip is finally taking effect as Shredder deploys a pair of blades from the back of his hand, right out of the skin itself. In "The Super Shredder", Shredder forces Stockman to give him the rest of the mutagen drip, which mutated him into his Super Shredder form, although it ended up monstrous he was still pleased. This form left him with blades coming out of his body, a muscular build, and bandaged feet and ankles. Shredder then collects his henchmen and travels back to his old lair. Karai tries to fight the Shredder along with Shinigami, but Shredder easily knocks Shinigami unconscious and he escapes with Karai. He then notices a van coming straight towards him (The Shell Raiser), and flips it over. He tells the Turtles to have Splinter meet him at the place that he last beat him. Shredder then sets the vehicle on fire and the turtles flee to the sewers. Shredder then creates a trap for Splinter and the Turtles, which is full of photos of Splinter, Tang Shen, and Karai. When Splinter enters he drops bars of iron to avoid them from escaping. He then lights fire towards them but they jump underwater. As the Turtles, Splinter, and April continue to approach Shredder, Karai makes a remark and Splinter follows, but later finds out he was led into another trap. Shredder forces Splinter to fight him but Splinter escapes, ready to set up a plan of his own. Splinter leads Shredder to the Undercity, where he puts his plan into action. Shredder eventually finds Splinter and attacks him relentlessly. Shredder then takes Splinter deeper into the UnderCity, where he decides to finish him. Just as Shredder was about to strike Splinter, his arm started to lose control, causing him to step back. However, Shredder quickly recovers and after crushing Splinter's leg and threatening to destroy his loved ones, Splinter then throws a blade at a few gas tanks and both Splinter and Shredder fall to their deaths. However, in the following episode, "Darkest Plight", Shredder and Splinter are separated during the fall, and Shredder returns to the top of the Under-city to be rescued by Tiger Claw, who takes him back to recover before hunting down the Turtles. While Tiger Claw deals with April and Karai, Shredder goes after Leonardo and nearly crushes him to death before Karai and April arrive to help. During the battle, Shredder tosses a wrecked fuel tanker semi-truck at Karai, only for April to catch it in her psychic grip, causing her Sol Star crystal to cause her eyes to glow blue and smile malevolently before hurling it back at Shredder. However, before Shredder can kill Leo, Karai pleads with him to reconsider doing something good in his life instead of being consumed by his vengeance. This lures Shredder in close enough for Karai to hit him in his most vulnerable spot: His exposed, pulsating mutated heart. Weakened, Shredder is saved by Tiger Claw, who drives him back to their hideout, where Shredder demands a larger dose of the mutagen from Stockman. When Tiger Claw objects, knowing it is too dangerous, Shredder overpowers him, forces Stockman to administer the dosage, and roars as the mutagen takes effect as Tiger Claw watches in horror and fear. In "Tale of Tiger Claw", he is shown as a M.O.U.S.E.R. hologram to warn Tiger Claw of his next move against Splinter.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In "Requiem", he returns to New York City, far stronger and more vengeful than ever before. He shows up at the hideout where Karai is planning her next move with Shinigami and the Mighty Mutanimals. He defeats the Mutanimals effortlessly and badly injures Karai in the process. On the WOLF building, he faces off against Splinter, Slash, Raphael, April, and Casey. He ultimately manages to murder Splinter and hurls him from the building to his death. He is then blasted by a tremendously powerful psychic wave from an enraged April and is crushed by a garbage truck, though he again survives the onslaught.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In the season four finale "Owari" he has his lackeys prepare for the inevitable arrival of the Turtles, April, and Casey. He burns down his new lair and confronts the Turtles in a final showdown on the roof. His unique mutation makes him immune to Donatello's retro-mutagen, which allows him to beat Raphael, Donatello, and Michelangelo all at once, leaving only Leonardo left standing. After a heated one-on-one duel, Shredder is finally killed by Leonardo.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Many months later, the Kabuto and his own heart were separated by unknown means and hidden in secret locations throughout New York. His heart was contained within a glass vial that came into the possession of Don Vzioso, which Tiger Claw and a demodragon named Kavaxas seek, as it is essential to revive him and then came back in a zombie-like form that was later revealed to be under Kavaxas’ control. But thanks to Michelangelo's quick thinking and some chewed gum, Zombie Shredder was able to drag Kavaxas back to the Netherworld as they "belong dead."


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: 500 years before the series, Oroku Saki was the leader of the peaceful Foot Clan and father of the Hamato Clan founder, Karai, whose soul was swallowed by the demonic and nigh-unstoppable Kuroi Yōroi armor after it was forged by a powerful Oni (in reality the alien Krang). After being transformed into the Shredder, Saki led the Foot down a path of darkness, enslaving many villages and slaying many innocent lives in the process. With no other choice, Karai was forced to create her own clan, the Hamato Clan, to end the demon's reign of terror. Shredder terrorized Japan until he was defeated by Karai using her mystic Hamato Ninpō energy (since no mortal weapon could harm Shredder) to send him into a dimension called the Twilight Realm, and the Kuroi Yōroi was scattered across the world to prevent his return. The side effect of Shredder's defeat had sent Karai into the Twilight Realm, along with Shredder's sapience being sealed away. In the aftermath, Karai's remaining followers made it their sworn duty to watch over the armor pieces and never allow the Foot to reclaim them.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: The Foot, allied with Baron Draxum, began collecting the armor pieces to resurrect him starting in "Shadow of Evil", with the Yōkai alchemist being promised of its dark power to protect his people from an ancient prophecy predicting the Yōkai's destruction.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In "Warren and Hypno, Sitting in a Tree", Draxum claimed the gauntlet in Warren Stone's possession that turned out to be part of the Kuroi Yōroi.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In "Operation: Normal", the Foot Brute and the Foot Recruit targeted the slime Yōkai, Sunita, because the boots she was wearing were part of the Kuroi Yōroi. They managed to claim them.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In "How to Make Enemies and Bend People to Your Will", Draxum and the Foot Recruit found out that a Kuroi Yōroi fragment was at the Botanical Gardens. They claimed it after setting up events where the Foot Lieutenant and the Foot Brute would fail. After obtaining the fragment, Draxum declared himself to be the Foot's leader, via exploiting a loophole in the clan's rulings of leadership. However, Draxum was completely oblivious to the fact that the Foot were just manipulating him into reviving their "true" leader, as they needed a being of great mystic power to don and energize the armor in order to resurrect Shredder (they were unaware that Shredder would not regain his sapience upon resurrection).


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In "One Man's Junk", the next piece of the Kuroi Yōroi was in the possession of Repo Mantis, who claimed it from a Yōkai and held in his salvage yard. After trapping the cat/mantis mutant, Mrs. Nubbins who was owned by Repo Mantis, the Turtles learn that two fire-headed guys working as shoe salesmen bought the metal from him. This caused the Turtles to learn that the Foot Lieutenant and the Foot Brute claimed the metal.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: After the Kuroi Yōroi was completed in "End Game", Draxum donned the armor, intent on destroying humanity once and for all in his misguided quest to protect the Yōkai. The Foot Lieutenant and the Foot Brute addressed him as Shredder, but he rejected the title, confused with the name "Shredder". Furthermore, due to a flaw in the armor (the Turtles' Jupiter Jim action figure was shoved in to cover a hole when the faceplate was used as a tea kettle), it was not able to properly absorb Draxum's power. After Draxum was defeated and spat out of the armor, due to April knocking a baseball against the action figure, it reassembled itself, having drained Draxum of his life force.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In "Many Happy Returns", Shredder acted like a feral beast, due to his sapience still being sealed in the Twilight Realm. During the chaos, a heavily weakened Draxum used his remaining strength to escape through a portal the Foot Recruit opened to assist her senses. After being attacked by the demon, the Foot Lieutenant, Foot Brute, and Foot Recruit retreated to find out what went wrong. After discovering a flux in Shredder's quantum energy, causing him to randomly phase in and out between Earth and the Twilight Realm, Big Mama was able to provide a mystic collar for the Turtles and Splinter to trap Shredder in another dimension, though she made a secret last-minute alteration to this plan.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In "Battle Nexus: New York," Big Mama secretly attached a control device and its associated magic ring to the Shredder and controlled him under the alias of Shadow Fiend. This was discovered during the Turtles, Splinter, April, and the redeemed and recovering Draxum's fight with Big Mama. When the ring was removed from Big Mama during the fight, the Foot Recruit claimed it. Before Leonardo could portal Big Mama out during their escape, she got cut off. The Foot Recruit, furious that her master was enslaved, ominously told Big Mama that she was about to lose everything and advised her to run. The Shredder then destroyed the Grand Nexus Hotel, flying out into the city with the Foot Recruit on his back.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Afterwards, the Foot Recruit tried to take the collar of the Shredder to no avail until the Turtles, seeking a way to defeat him, learned of a weapon in the Twilight Realm, who is actually Karai, and brought her back and Shredder regained his sapience in the process. The Shredder along with the Foot Recruit, the Foot Lieutenant and the Foot Brute, with the intent to destroy Karai and take her power for himself, attacked the Turtle's lair, with the lair destroyed and Karai defeated, the Turtles escaped with Todd while Splinter and Draxum remained behind to buy them time and got captured.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: After Karai's death, Shredder did not claim her power, the Foot Lieutenant and the Foot Brute told him to extract Splinter's essence using Empyrean, the source of Yōkai power, Draxum offered him Empyrean and took them into his lab, however, this was a ruse as Draxum now realized that the Shredder was the threat to the Yōkai mentioned in the prophecy and tried to distract him and get away with Splinter but failed and forced to lead the Shredder to Empyrean. In the Crying Titan Shredder starts extracting Yoshi's essence with the Empyrean but Turtles arrive with their Hamato ninpo unlocked and Karai's spirit within April's body and fight him but are driven away, Shredder tries to absorb Yoshi's essence but Foot Recruit, having a change of heart, saves Splinter, the Turtles and Splinter with the help of their allies and the spirit of ancient Hamatos, destroy Shredder's armor and free Oroku Saki.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: The Shredder was played by James Saito in the first movie and by François Chau in the second, while his immense Super Shredder form was played by professional wrestler Kevin Nash. In all cases, the character was voiced by David McCharen. The Shredder's costume was, in the first movie, originally the same as in the original comic, with a red color. However, this was changed in the sequel to a violet color, reflecting the more cartoonish nature of the second film. In both movies, he also had a silver and black cape. In both films, he is served by his second-in-command Tatsu. In the Japanese versions, the Shredder is voiced by Norio Wakamoto (1st movie in VHS version), Hidekatsu Shibata (first movie in the TV version), and Takeshi Watabe (second movie).


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In the first movie "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles", Oroku Saki and Hamato Yoshi were rival martial artists in Japan and both loved a woman named Tang Shen. Shen, who loved only Yoshi, persuaded him not to fight Saki honorably; instead, they fled for the United States. Saki followed them to New York City; when Yoshi returned home from his construction job he found his beloved Shen lying dead on the floor, he was ambushed and overpowered by Saki. Saki wasted no words and during the struggle, Splinter's cage was broken. Splinter leaped up onto Saki's face, biting and clawing, but the rogue ninja threw him to the floor and took one swipe with his katana, slicing Splinter's ear. After this incident, it was said that Saki is never heard from again. The comic book adaptation of the film retains the original comic book origin story, with Oroku Nagi being slain and Saki coming to America to seek vengeance.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Saki, in his "Shredder" persona, establishes an American branch of the Foot Clan. With the aid of his second-in-command Tatsu, he manipulates and recruits troubled teens as a brutal yet Machiavellian leader and father figure, teaching them ninjitsu to make them into skilled thieves and assassins. Shredder sends the Foot Clan to "silence" April O'Neil when she reports on the Foot Clan's connection to the recent crime wave, inadvertently leading them to the Turtles' hideout when Raphael saves April. Shredder had Splinter kidnapped and imprisoned him in his warehouse hideout, and has the Foot Clan hunt the Turtles. He beats Splinter while interrogating him about how the Turtles learned their fighting techniques.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: After the Turtles successfully defeat the Foot Clan in a final assault, Shredder confronts them on a rooftop. He defeats all of the Turtles with his superior skills and threatens Leonardo with his yari to force the others to toss away their weapons. Splinter, freed by Turtles' allies, Danny Pennington and Casey Jones, intervenes and reveals to Shredder that they met years ago, as he was Hamato Yoshi's pet. Shredder unmasks himself, revealing the scars that Splinter gave him, and charges Splinter to impale him. Splinter counters with Michelangelo's nunchaku to send him over the side of the roof. Shredder throws a tanto at Splinter. Splinter caught the knife, but had to let go of the nunchaku that was holding onto the spear, making Shredder fall into a parked garbage truck far below. Casey Jones then activates the crushing mechanism; the viewers are then shown a closeup of the Shredder's helmet being crushed, implying his death.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In the second movie "", the Shredder was played by François Chau, replacing Saito. In the film, the Turtles believe that since Casey had crushed him in the garbage truck, the Shredder was dead. It is soon revealed that Shredder had survived the crushing and revitalized his Foot Clan to get vengeance on the Turtles. After finding the Foot "fallback" headquarters in a junkyard, Tatsu was asking who would challenge him to cover for Shredder until Shredder appeared. Tatsu allowed Shredder to lead the Foot Clan. Shredder sent a member of the Foot to follow April, hoping to find the Turtles through her. When April's team was doing a report on T.G.R.I. in New Jersey, April's camera operator/Foot Clan member Freddy found some mutated dandelions and sent one to the Shredder. He then orders Tatsu to obtain a sample of the T.G.R.I. mutagen that mutated the Turtles, as well as kidnap researcher Jordan Perry. Using the last mutagen and Perry's research, the Shredder creates his own mutants, Tokka and Rahzar, from a stolen snapping turtle and a brown wolf respectively. Though initially enraged at their infant-like intelligence, he soon plays it to his advantage by manipulating the mutants as they imprinted him as their surrogate parent.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: After a failed attempt to kill the Turtles in the junkyard using a captured Raphael, Shredder unleashed Tokka and Rahzar onto a city street to "have fun" and destroy it. The Foot spy then gave April a message for the Turtles: that the Shredder would turn the mutants loose on Central Park next if they did not accede to a rematch at the construction site. After the Turtles de-mutate the two mutants (with help from Perry) and defeat Tatsu in a nightclub, the Shredder appears and threatens to mutate an innocent woman with a small reserve mutagen vial (the canister was knocked away by the Turtles' new human ally, Keno). Before he can mutate her, he is stopped when the Turtles play a keytar at full volume, sending the Shredder flying through a window from the force of a blown speaker. When the Turtles follow him outside on a pier, they discover that the Shredder has used the mutagen vial on himself. He is transformed into a massive "Super Shredder", an almost mindless giant-mutant being with immense superhuman strength. During his fight with the Turtles, Super Shredder knocks down the pier's pilings in a mindless rage, which then collapses onto him with the Turtles falling into the water below. Though the Turtles survive, the Shredder meets his demise from getting crushed by the destroyed pieces of the pier.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: The Shredder did not appear in the third film but is shown briefly at the beginning of the fourth film to help give the backstory of the Turtles, and his helmet that he wore in the 1990 film is visible on Splinter's shelf of mementos at the end of the movie. The possibility of his return is also strongly hinted at the end of the film by Karai. However, the established storyline was abandoned in favor of the 2014 reboot.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Japanese American actor Tohoru Masamune portrayed the Shredder in "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles". Initially, William Fichtner was intended to portray a Caucasian version of the Shredder, with the anglicized real name of Eric Sacks, instead of Oroku Saki. This idea was abandoned late in production in favor of featuring a Shredder of authentic Japanese ancestry, and the film went through re-shoots to change Fichtner's character of Sacks into being the Shredder's student. The change came too late to alter the film's Nintendo 3DS tie-in video game, and Sacks remains the Shredder in it. In contrast to much of the brand's history, Sacks, not Shredder, is the character connected to the Turtles' origins, having created them alongside April O'Neil's father; the Shredder (never referred to with any name other than his codename) has no connection to Splinter or the Turtles, and while he is shown to have scars on his face, it is not revealed how he suffered them.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In the earliest stages of development for the film, Shredder was reimagined as "Colonel Schrader", the military leader of the black-ops unit "The Foot", revealed later in the script to be a yellow-skinned, red-eyed alien with the ability to sprout spikes. This idea was dropped after Evan Daugherty was hired to rewrite the script in early 2013.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In the film, Shredder is the leader of the Foot Clan, who is terrorizing New York City. After a vigilante stops the Foot Clan, Shredder orders the Foot to take hostages down the subway in order to lure the vigilante out. Later in the film, Shredder's adopted son, Eric Sacks, informs Shredder that the vigilante is in fact four mutated Turtles who are test subjects of Project Renaissance, a science experiment of April O'Neil's late father. Sacks give Shredder an armed suit and a helmet, the latter and the Foot Clan attack the Turtles' lair, where he defeats Splinter and kidnaps three Turtles after Raphael was presumed dead. Sacks drain the Turtles' blood in order to create mutagen so that he can complete his and Shredder's plan: the latter will release a virus across the city and Sacks will sell the mutagen as a cure for the disease, making him even richer. As Shredder prepares to release the virus, the Turtles escape and confront him. Although he nearly defeats them, the Turtles were able to conquer Shredder with the help of April, which causes him to fall from the building on which he stood, but he survives and is shown to have a sample of the mutagen.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Brian Tee portrayed Shredder in the 2016 film "". At the beginning of the movie, the Foot Clan, led by a scientist named Baxter Stockman, attempts to help Shredder escape from prison. Although the turtles try to prevent the escape, Stockman was able to help Shredder escape using a teleportation device. But Shredder is hijacked mid-teleport and ends up in a place called Dimension X. There, he meets Krang, who gives Shredder a mutagen canister in exchange for a promise to find the three components of a machine that Krang sent to Earth long ago, which when united will open a portal to his dimension. Shredder returns to New York City and recruits two criminals named Bebop and Rocksteady and has Stockman use Krang's mutagen to transform them into powerful animal mutants- a warthog and rhinoceros. Shredder, Bebop, and Rocksteady find the components in a museum in New York and in a jungle in Brazil. Shredder and Stockman unite the components, creating a portal to Krang's dimension. Shredder betrays Stockman and has his men take him away, but upon entering the Technodrome, Krang immediately betrays Shredder, freezing him and locking him away with his collection of other defeated foes.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Andrew Kishino voices Shredder in the crossover animated film "Batman vs. Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles". In the film, Shredder allies his forces with Ra's al Ghul and the League of Assassins to build a machine designed to transform Gotham's citizens into unhinged mutants. In exchange for his assistance, Ra's promises Shredder access to one of his Lazarus Pits, which would grant him eternal life. When he and the Foot Clan try to steal a cloud seeder from Wayne Enterprises, he ends up fighting Batman and barely comes out victorious after using an ancient technique.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Later, he fights Batman once more when the Turtles and the Bat-Family arrive at Ace Chemicals to stop him and Ra's from activating the machine. Though he gains the upper hand on the Dark Knight once again, he is thrown off when Batman says "Cowabunga" and gains assistance from Raphael. After Michaelangelo and Donatello destroy the machine, the debris sends him into a vat of chemicals as the plant explodes. In the post-credits scene, he is revealed to have survived the explosion and now strongly resembles the Joker.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: As the original "TMNT" video games are mostly based on the 1987 cartoon, Shredder is often based on his first cartoon incarnation. He usually executes some plan to provoke the Turtles into retaliating and defeat them; these include kidnapping April O'Neil and stealing the Statue of Liberty. Shredder is usually the last boss in the games.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: After a 10-year hiatus, a new series of "TMNT" games was initiated. These new games are based on the 2003 cartoon series, and likewise, Shredder in the games is the same as in the cartoon.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In the anime adaptation "", the backstory from the original cartoon was preserved. Unlike the rest of the main cast, Shredder's appearance was changed to match the "Supermutants" Shredder toy that was being sold at that time. The manga explained this by saying his original outfit was destroyed in a battle with the Turtles and Krang created the new armor for him. Shredder also gains the ability to transform into the dragon Devil Shredder using the Mutanite crystals he stole from the Neutrinos. With the energy from the evil sprite Dark Mu, he was later able to transform into the gigantic Dark Devil Shredder. In the second volume of the anime, he gets his Tiger Spirit "Metal Mutant" armor. He was voiced by Kiyoyuki Yanada.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: Shredder also made a guest appearance in an episode of the YouTube show "Death Battle". In the episode, his weapons and abilities were analyzed against "X-Men" villain Silver Samurai. In the end, Shredder proved himself the better fighter and beat his opponent.


title: Shredder (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)

text: In the Disney film "", an arm from the 1987 Shredder appears as one of the components in Sweet Pete's amalgated form. Jim Cummings, who was an understudy for Shredder in the 1987 series, briefly provides Sweet Pete's voice during his fight with Chip and Dale, credited as "Shredder Arm".


title: Vishnu Manchu

text: Manchu Vishnu Vardhan Babu (born 23 November 1982) is an Indian actor and producer known for his works in Telugu cinema and television. Manchu had a brief stint as a child artist with the 1985 film "Ragile Gundelu". Years later, he starred in the 2003 Telugu action film "Vishnu", for which he won the Filmfare Best Male Debut.


title: Vishnu Manchu

text: He is the co-owner of the film production house 24 Frames Factory and is an educationalist through Sree Vidyanikethan Educational Trust, founded by his father and veteran Telugu actor Mohan Babu. He is a founder and chairman of New York Academy, a school in Hyderabad for which his wife, Viranica, is the director and his father Mohan Babu, is the chair person. He is also the chairman of Spring Board Academy and Spring Board International Preschools which has more than 75 branches spread across Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.


title: Vishnu Manchu

text: In 2007, he starred in the comedy film "Dhee", which became a hit, and Manchu established his career in Telugu cinema. Manchu is one of the sponsors of the Celebrity Cricket League Telugu Warriors. Vishnu had been recently elected as the president of Movie Artists Association.


title: Vishnu Manchu

text: Manchu Vishnu Vardhan Babu was born in Madras, Tamil Nadu, India (present-day Chennai) to actor Mohan Babu and mother, late Vidya Devi. He grew up with his brother Manoj and sister Lakshmi.


title: Vishnu Manchu

text: After completing schooling from the Padmaseshadri Bala Bhavan School, Manchu went on to take an engineering degree from Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College, majoring in Computer Sciences and Information Technology. During that time, he represented the Bhaskar JNTU cricket team, and also captained the university basketball team.


title: Vishnu Manchu

text: Manchu made his acting debut as a child artist in his father Mohan Babu's 1985 film "Ragile Gundelu".


title: Vishnu Manchu

text: He landed his first lead role in the film "Vishnu" (2003) directed by Shaji Kailas, for which he won the Filmfare Best Male Debut. He played a guy who wants to win his childhood love with his own merits against many hurdles. The following year, he was seen in the film "Suryam" (2004) in which he played a guy who aims to fulfill the last wish of his mother. Manchu made a cameo appearance as a dancer in "Political Rowdy" (2005), a romantic action drama.


title: Vishnu Manchu

text: He next appeared in the action-drama "Astram" (2006), as an IPS officer who has been appointed to finish off the ultras. Soon after, Manchu was cast in "Game" (2006), as Vijay Raj, sharing screen space with his celebrity father Mohan Babu and yesteryear heroine Shobana.


title: Vishnu Manchu

text: He finally got his critical breakthrough with the movie "Dhee", alongside Genelia D'Souza. Released in 2007, "Dhee" became his first commercially successful film. It was remade in Tamil as "Mirattal", in Bengali as "Khokababu" and in Oriya as "Tu mo girlfriend". Manchu plunged into the limelight with this role.


title: Vishnu Manchu

text: He then appeared in the 2008 film "Krishnarjuna", the 2009 film "Saleem" and the 2011 film "Vastadu Naa Raju". In 2012, comedy film "Dhenikaina Ready" got him critical success; the film grossed 200 million at the box office. He then appeared in "Doosukeltha", directed by Veeru Potla, he starred opposite Lavanya Tripathi, the film grossed 126.3 million on its first week at the box office. He then appeared along with his father, in the critically acclaimed crime film "Rowdy", written and directed by Ram Gopal Varma. The film minted a worldwide share of at the end of the second week of its run, and was declared a box office hit.


title: Vishnu Manchu

text: Manchu starred in G. Nageswara Reddy's "Denikaina Ready", which became a hit and succeeded in changing his image. The next year, he had an opportunity to exhibit his versatility as an actor in the titular role of Veeru Potla's rom-com, "Doosukeltha". The movie not only established Manchu as an actor, but also grossed more than 15 crore at the box office. His next project fared much better, when he played the Gambler Gopi in the ensemble comedy "Pandavulu Pandavulu Tummeda" (2014), which featured an ensemble cast of Manchu Manoj, Mohan Babu, Raveena Tandon, Hansika Motwani, Pranitha Subhash, and Varun Sandesh.


title: Vishnu Manchu

text: Manchu then played the role Krishna in "Rowdy" (2014) alongside his father Mohan Babu. Showing his range as an actor, Manchu later portrayed DCP Goutham in the commercially unsuccessful but critically adored film "Anukshanam" (2014), helmed by Ram Gopal Varma. He continued as a dramatic actor in the 2014 "Erra Bus", produced and directed by Dasari Narayana Rao. He then appeared in the action thriller "Dynamite", directed by Deva Katta. Though they made an interesting movie along the way, they paid for it at the box office. Manchu further proved his comedic talents with the romantic comedy entertainer "Eedo Rakam Aado Rakam" (2015), in which he co-starred with Raj Tarun. The same year, he completed filming for "Saradaa" but the film remains unreleased. In 2017, he starred in "Luckunnodu", which performed poorly at the box office. By the end of 2017, he had already appeared in 20 films.


title: Vishnu Manchu

text: His film in 2018 include the crime drama "Gayatri", in which Shriya Saran and his father Mohan Babu play other important characters and the comedy film "Achari America Yatra"; and the political thriller "Voter" 2019. His next film, "Mosagallu" (2021)"," is a crossover film directed by American filmmaker Jeffrey Gee Chin based on the world's biggest IT Scam, filmed in India and USA. It features Kajal Aggarwal, Suniel Shetty, Navdeep, Naveen Chandra and Ruhi Singh apart from Manchu. It was released in March 2021 and was an all time epic disaster at the box office not even being able to recover 1% of its budget.


title: Vishnu Manchu

text: In October 2021, he contested and won the elections of Movie Artists Association (MAA) as its president against Prakash Raj. Vishnu made the announcement about his next project titled 'Ginna' is being produced by Ava Entertainment and 24 Frames Factory which was initially planned to release in August but later released in October 2022 due to production delays.The film which was made on a budget of 20-25 crores managed to collect only 2 crores at the boxoffice and proved as a disaster.


title: Vishnu Manchu

text: In 2009, Manchu married Viranica Reddy, niece of the Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy, the then chief minister of Andhra Pradesh. In 2011, they had twin daughters. In January 2018, they had a son and in August 2019, they had a daughter.


title: Vishnu Manchu

text: While filming the light-hearted comedy "Achari America Yatra" (2018), Manchu had a near-fatal experience on the set. The actor, who was shooting in Malaysia, suffered serious injuries when he hit his opponent with a helmet during a bike stunt scene and lost balance of his vehicle forcing him to hit the ground hard.


title: Vishnu Manchu

text: Manchu made his foray into television by directing the 100th episode of Zee Telugu's series "Happy Days". The episode achieved the highest TRP ratings among the 700 episodes of the series. "Happy Days" is also produced by 24 Frames Factory. He has also directed "Lakshmi Talk Show" or "Premathoo Mee Lakshmi".


title: Vishnu Manchu

text: Manchu heads the 24 Frames Factory production house which in 2014 produced "Pandavulu Pandavulu Tummeda", a comedy film with an ensemble cast. He also heads ThinkSmart, which handles post-production including graphics and other elements for cinema. "Atanokkade", from ThinkSmart, won the best video effects award.


title: Vishnu Manchu

text: Manchu is the director of Spring Board International Preschools. When he joined with the Sree Vidyanikethan Educational Trust set up by his father, it was already a well-established educational institution. He took charge of this institution and built them into model institutions offering value-based education to the students. He expanded and diversified it into Spring Board Academy, and became founder and chairman at the New York Academy.


title: Vishnu Manchu

text: Manchu runs the Sree Vidyanikethan Educational Trust, founded by his father. The trust runs the Sree Vidyanikethan International School, Sree Vidyanikethan Degree College, Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College, Sree Vidyanikethan College of Pharmacy, Sree Vidyanikethan College of Nursing, the Sree Vidyanikethan Institute of Management and the Sree Vidyanikethan College for Post Graduation Studies.


title: Vishnu Manchu

text: Manchu started a social unit called Army Green for promoting environmental awareness. It adopted small settlements in the vicinity of the Sree Vidyanikethan Institutions.


title: Vishnu Manchu

text: Manchu set up an art foundation in Tirupati, the Vishnu Manchu Art Foundation (VMAF). Known as an institution established for the benefit and use of contemporary and gifted artists, the foundation provides a much-needed space free from any financial and commercial constraints. The main aim of the VMAF is to provide help to aspiring and talented artists to evolve the reach of their creativity. VMAF conducts a series of Make Art, Show Art and Beyond Art programmes each year.


title: Vishnu Manchu

text: As an art educational institution, Vishnu Manchu Art Foundation regularly hosts lectures and discussions on issues relating to the contemporary arts and artists. VMAF is a venue for art lovers and the artistic community to engage in spirited conversations with art critics and renowned academics who showcase their work at the foundation. VMAF is known for its traditional works and injection of new creative ideas and expressions.


title: Bala (2019 film)

text: Bala is a 2019 Hindi-language satirical black comedy film directed by Amar Kaushik and produced by Dinesh Vijan, based on an original story by Bengali film director Pavel Bhattacharjee. It stars Ayushmann Khurrana, Bhumi Pednekar and Yami Gautam.


title: Bala (2019 film)

text: "Bala" revolves around the protagonist Balmukund Shukla, a young man living in Kanpur who is suffering from male pattern baldness, and the story is about his lack of confidence and societal pressure that comes with premature balding. It focuses on the social issues of baldness and colourism. Principal photography of the film took place from May to July 2019 in Kanpur, Mumbai and Lucknow. The soundtrack album was composed by Sachin–Jigar


title: Bala (2019 film)

text: "Bala" was released in preview shows on 7 November 2019 and theatrically worldwide on 8 November 2019. It was a critical and commercial success. The film emerged as a blockbuster with global earnings of 172 crore. "Bala" was showcased in Indo-German Filmweek 2020 in Berlin on 27 September 2020.


title: Bala (2019 film)

text: At the 65th Filmfare Awards, "Bala" received 3 nominations, including Best Actor (Khurrana) and Best Supporting Actress (Pahwa).


title: Bala (2019 film)

text: The film opens in Kanpur in 2005, where 14-year-old students tease a bald teacher. Balmukund "Bala" Shukla, a popular kid who carries much pride for his hairstyle, leads the teasing of the teacher. Bala borrows notes from the studious and dark-complexioned Latika Trivedi who was good in studies and passes them off as his own to the fair-skinned Shruti to impress her by pasting a new sticker bearing his name above Latika's notebook. When Latika calls him out and open up the sticker in front of Shruti, Bala berates her for being dark-skinned. The narrator describes how society values beauty and fair skin over other accomplishments, especially in marriage.


title: Bala (2019 film)

text: 14 years later, Bala is a balding man in his late twenties who struggles with his premature baldness. He is a fairness cream salesman by day and nightclub comic by night. One day, Bala angrily lashes out at his bald father Hari, who is a "ghar jamai", that the father's balding genes have killed the son's prospects. Hari presents him with a wig and explains that baldness is external and need not have anything to do with one's accomplishments. Bala dons the wig and resumes his work with new vigor. He finally meets his crush, a pretty, fair-skinned model, Pari Mishra, and courts her. They decide to marry. Some days before the wedding, Bala is stricken by conscience and sends her a text disclosing his baldness. Unbeknownst to him, the text accidentally goes to someone else and Pari does not see it. Bala assumes she has accepted his baldness and they marry.


title: Bala (2019 film)

text: Latika has her share of troubles. Many boys and families come to see her but reject her because of her dark skin. Among these prospective suitors is Rohan, an Australia-settled NRI who is attracted to Latika but the meeting blows over when his mother mentions Latika's complexion and Latika storms out. Rohan asks to meet her and they reconcile until he mentions he was initially attracted to her due to her Instagram profile. Latika reveals that she is not on Instagram, and it is revealed that Bala had created a fake profile with airbrushed pictures of her at her aunt's behest.


title: Bala (2019 film)

text: Fuming, Latika storms into Bala's home the day after his wedding and shouts at him. She says she is not ashamed of her skin and warns him not to interfere in her life anymore. Pari hears this, discovers Bala's baldness, and walks out on him. Bala is dejected. Bala visits her to talk it over. Pari reveals that she was blessed with good looks but not much else. She knew she was a below-average student and thus could not enter any other profession besides modeling. Her looks are all she has: they are the source of the attention she's received all her life and the source of her livelihood. He later receives a court notice: Pari wants the marriage annulled.


title: Bala (2019 film)

text: Latika apologizes to Bala, as her outburst broke his marriage. Bala engages her as his lawyer and the court case begins. Latika cross-examines Pari, who accepts she married Bala because of his wits and charm. She also accepts that Bala did not mislead or defraud her but points out that Bala was not forthcoming about his baldness, claiming that if he isn't comfortable with himself, he can't sustain anyone else. Pari’s lawyer moves that Pari has a right to want to annul the marriage regardless. Bala interrupts the proceedings and agrees that Pari does have that right and the judge orders such. When Latika questions him later, Bala explains that the law cannot compel anyone to love another, and a half-hearted marriage will not work anyway.


title: Bala (2019 film)

text: Later, during one of his fair-cream sales events, Bala realizes that beauty is merely skin-deep. He publicly sheds his wig to show that self-love is important irrespective of appearance. He also realizes that he has fallen in love with Latika and runs to propose to her but sees that Rohan and his family have come to finalize the wedding. He proposes to Latika, but is disheartened when she rejects his proposal, though they are able to resume their friendship.


title: Bala (2019 film)

text: The film ends with Bala, now at peace with his baldness, doing a new comedy routine about skin-deep beauty and the meaning of life.


title: Bala (2019 film)

text: The cast of the film was announced by producer Dinesh Vijan. The film, directed by Amar Kaushik, was publicized to star Ayushmann Khurrana in the titular role, Yami Gautam as a model based in Lucknow and Bhumi Pednekar as a dusky small town educated woman.


title: Bala (2019 film)

text: Principal photography began on 6 May 2019, and film was shot in Mumbai, Lucknow and Kanpur. Filming concluded on 7 July 2019, with a special party for the wrap up.


title: Bala (2019 film)

text: The music and background score is composed by Sachin–Jigar, with guest composers Jaani and B Praak composing the song "Naah Goriye" which is a recreated version of the song "Naah" by the same artists released in 2017 while lyrics have been written by Mellow D, Jaani, Badshah, Priya Saraiya, Jigar Saraiya and Bhargav Purohit, a debutante. Vocals were provided by Saraiya, Badshah, Shalmali Kholgade, Gurdeep Mehndi, Divya Kumar, Asees Kaur, Jubin Nautiyal, Papon, Harrdy Sandhu and Swasti Mehul, thus marking the second instance after "Dum Laga Ke Haisha" to not have Ayushmann Khurrana sing for any of his films.


title: Bala (2019 film)

text: The song "Don't Be Shy Again" is from an original track of the same title from the album 'Rouge' by Rouge, composed by Dr Zeus and written by Lola Olafis. This is the second time the song is being recreated after 2015's film "Alone" which was titled 'Touch My Body', sung by Aditi Singh Sharma and picturised on Bipasha Basu.


title: Bala (2019 film)

text: With the release of theatrical poster the release date was changed, the film was released in preview shows on 7 November 2019 and theatrically released in India on 8 November 2019.


title: Bala (2019 film)

text: After the trailer of the film was released, it was accused of copyright violation from the makers of "Ujda Chaman", which also has a storyline similar to "Bala". "Ujda Chaman" is an official remake of Kannada film "Ondu Motteya Kathe".


title: Bala (2019 film)

text: On release of its first song "Don't Be Shy", music composer-singer Dr Zeus claimed that the makers have used his track without giving due credit and acquiring any sort of rights.


title: Bala (2019 film)

text: "Bala" received generally positive reviews from critics with praise for the performances and the film's narrative.


title: Bala (2019 film)

text: "Bollywood Hungama" gave 3.5 out of 5 and said, ""Bala" not only entertains thoroughly but also delivers a very important message that will surely be lapped up by the audiences." Ronak Kotecha of The Times of India rated the movie 4 stars on five and wrote, "'Bala' remains a light-hearted comedy with situations that are relatable. Just like the film's message, 'Bala' is beautiful even with its flaws, and never fails to entertain." Monika Rawal Kukreja of "Hindustan Times" reviewed, "Bala is a well-made film that stays true to its genre for most of the time. It makes right jokes at the time and leaves you in stitches more often that you’d expect."


title: Bala (2019 film)

text: Anna M. M. Vetticad of Firstpost praised the use of Kanpuriya Hindi in the film, but was critical of its messaging, writing, “No one on Team Bala seems to have detected the irony in casting a light-skinned actor as Latika and painting her face black, rather than casting a black woman to play a black woman.” Kennith Rosario of "The Hindu" said, "A hollow film combed over with humour." India Today rated the movie 4 on 5 and said, "King Midas Ayushmann Khurrana delivers another blockbuster." News18 rated the movie 3 on 5 and said, "Bala could have been a crackerjack of a film but allows the novelty of its premise to wear out too easily. Bala, Kanpur’s “edible young man” (sic), certainly gets your attention, but does not manage to sweep you off your feet."


title: Bala (2019 film)

text: "Bala"s opening day domestic collection was 10.15 crore. On the second day, the film collected 15.73 crore. On the third day, the film collected 18.07 crore, taking total opening weekend collection to 439.5 million.


title: Bala (2019 film)

text: , the film grossed 139.02 crore in India and 32.43 crore overseas for a worldwide gross of 171.5 crore.


title: Yo-yo

text: A yo-yo (also spelled yoyo) is a toy consisting of an axle connected to two disks, and a string looped around the axle, similar to a spool. It is an ancient toy with proof of existence since 500 BCE. The yo-yo was also called a bandalore in the 17th century.


title: Yo-yo

text: It is played by holding the free end of the string known as the handle (by inserting one fingerusually the middle or ring fingerinto a slip knot), allowing gravity (or the force of a throw and gravity) to spin the yo-yo and unwind the string (similar to how a pullstring works). The player then allows the yo-yo to wind itself back to the player's hand, exploiting its spin (and the associated rotational energy). This is often called "yo-yoing" or "playing yo-yo".


title: Yo-yo

text: In the simplest play, the string is intended to be wound on the spool by hand; the yo-yo is thrown downward, hits the end of the string then winds up the string toward the hand, and finally the yo-yo is grabbed, ready to be thrown again. One of the most basic tricks is called the sleeper, where the yo-yo spins at the end of the string for a noticeable amount of time before returning to the hand.


title: Yo-yo

text: A Greek vase painting from 440 BC shows a boy playing with a yo-yo (see right). Greek records from the period describe toys made out of wood, metal, or painted terra cotta (fired clay). The terra cotta disks were used to ceremonially offer the toys of youth to certain gods when a child came of age—discs of other materials were used for actual play.


title: Yo-yo

text: In 1928, Pedro Flores, a Filipino immigrant to the United States, opened the Yo-yo Manufacturing Company in Santa Barbara, California. The business started with a dozen handmade toys; by November 1929, Flores was operating two additional factories in Los Angeles and Hollywood, which all together employed 600 workers and produced 300,000 units daily.


title: Yo-yo

text: The principal distinction between the Filipino design popularized by Flores and more primitive yo-yos is in the way the yo-yo is strung. In older (and some remaining inexpensive) yo-yo designs, the string is tied to the axle using a knot. With this technique, the yo-yo just goes back and forth; it returns easily, but it is impossible to make it sleep. In Flores's design, one continuous piece of string, double the desired length, is twisted around something to produce a loop at one end which is fitted around the axle. Also termed a "looped slip-string", this seemingly minor modification allows for a far greater variety and sophistication of motion, thanks to increased stability and suspension of movement during free spin.


title: Yo-yo

text: Shortly thereafter (c. 1929), entrepreneur Donald F. Duncan recognized the potential of this new fad and purchased the Flores yo-yo Corporation and all its assets, including the Flores name, which was transferred to the new company in 1932.


title: Yo-yo

text: The name "Yo-yo" was registered in 1932 as a trademark by in Vancouver, Canada, and Harvey Lowe won the first World Yo-Yo Contest in London, England. In 1932, Swedish Kalmartrissan yo-yos started to be manufactured as well.


title: Yo-yo

text: In 1933 yo-yos were banned in Syria, because many locals superstitiously blamed the use of them for a severe drought.


title: Yo-yo

text: In 1946, the Duncan Toys Company opened a yo-yo factory in Luck, Wisconsin. The Duncan yo-yo was inducted into the National Toy Hall of Fame at The Strong in Rochester, New York, in 1999.


title: Yo-yo

text: Declining sales after the Second World War prompted Duncan to launch a comeback campaign for his trademarked "Yo-Yo" in 1962 with a series of television advertisements.


title: Yo-yo

text: In a trademark case in 1965, a federal court of appeal ruled in favor of the Royal Tops Company, determining that "yo-yo" had become a part of common speech and that Duncan no longer had exclusive rights to the term. As a result of the expenses incurred by this legal battle as well as other financial pressures, the Duncan family sold the company name and associated trademarks in 1968 to Flambeau, Inc, which had manufactured Duncan's plastic models since 1955. , Flambeau Plastics continued to run the company.


title: Yo-yo

text: As popularity spread through the 1970s and 1980s, there were a number of innovations in yo-yo technology, primarily regarding the connection between the string and the axle. In 1979, dentist and yo-yo celebrity Tom Kuhn patented the "No Jive 3-in-1" yo-yo, creating the world's first "take-apart" yo-yo, which enabled yo-yo players to change the axle.


title: Yo-yo

text: Swedish bearing company SKF briefly manufactured novelty yo-yos with ball bearings in 1984. In 1990, Kuhn introduced the SB-2 yo-yo that had an aluminum transaxle, making it the first successful ball-bearing yo-yo.


title: Yo-yo

text: In all transaxle yo-yos, ball bearings significantly reduce friction when the yo-yo is spinning, enabling longer and more complex tricks. Subsequent yo-yo players used this ability to their advantage, creating new tricks that had not been possible with fixed-axle designs.


title: Yo-yo

text: There are many new types of ball bearings in the market which deviate from the original design and/or material of the standard stainless steel ball bearing. For example, a certain type of bearing has an inward facing curved surface, to prevent the string from rubbing on the sides of the yo-yo, which would cause unwanted friction when performing intricate string tricks. Other manufacturers replicate this with a similar inwardly curved surface, but use minor modifications. Some high-end bearings use ceramic composites in the balls of the bearing, to reduce internal friction, again making for a smoother spinning yo-yo. Precious materials such as ruby have also been used as a material in prototype ball bearings for its properties such as extreme hardness. The material was first tested in a prototype bearing made by Wolf Yoyo Works in May 2018.


title: Yo-yo

text: The era following the yo-yo boom of the late 1990s is often referred to as the "modern" era of yo-yo. The modern era of yo-yo is characterized by markedly more complicated and sophisticated yo-yo techniques than came before in addition to a plethora of different yo-yo designs created to serve various niche purposes. This increased complexity of yo-yo play was allowed by the introduction of the ball-bearing technology to yo-yos, which enabled yo-yos to spin for significantly longer amounts of time than was previously possible. This, in addition to the advent of the bind technique and unresponsive yo-yoing equipped yo-yo players with an essentially limitless amount of freedom, with which they were able to create myriad yo-yo tricks and techniques.


title: Yo-yo

text: In the wake of this revolution that took place in yo-yo, a landscape of yo-yo competitions tailored towards this modern style of yo-yo play emerged. (See, for example, World Yo-Yo Contest.) Outside of the competition scene, yo-yo players regularly share videos of their yo-yo tricks on the Internet; a common place players do so is on Instagram, using the hashtag "#trickcircle". Some yo-yo players have also found modest success outside the yo-yo community, going viral on TikTok, gaining significant YouTube followings, or being featured guests on television programs.


title: Yo-yo

text: The sleeper is one of the most common yo-yo throws and is the basis for nearly all yo-yo throws other than looping. Keeping a yo-yo spinning while remaining at the end of its uncoiled string is known as sleeping. While the yo-yo is in the "sleeping" state at the end of the string, one can then execute tricks like "", "around the world", or the more complex "rock the baby".


title: Yo-yo

text: The essence of the throw is that one throws the yo-yo with a very pronounced wrist action so that when the yo-yo reaches the end of the string it spins in place rather than rolling back up the string to the thrower's hand. Most modern yo-yos have a transaxle or ball bearing to assist this, but if it is a fixed axle yo-yo, the tension must be loose enough to allow this. The two main ways to do this are (1), allow the yo-yo to sit at the bottom of the string to unwind, or (2) perform lariat or UFO to loosen the tension. When one decides to end the "sleeping" state, one merely jerks the wrist and the yo-yo "catches" the string and rolls back up to the hand. Ball-bearing yo-yos with a "butterfly" shape, primarily used for string tricks, frequently have low response or are completely unresponsive, requiring a "bind" for the yo-yo to return.


title: Yo-yo

text: In competition, mastery of sleeping is the basis for the 1A division. Inexpensive fixed-axle yo-yos usually spin between 10 and 20 seconds, while the expensive ball bearing yo-yos can spin about 1–4 minutes depending on the throw. , the world record sleep times were 3:51.54 minutes for fixed-axle and 21:15.17 minutes for transaxle yo-yos. In 2012, the transaxle yo-yo sleep time record was broken by the C3YoyoDesign BTH, with a time of 30:28.30 minutes .


title: Yo-yo

text: Eventually, wider string gaps and silicone response systems led to the innovation of unresponsive yoyoing, otherwise known as 1A. Traditional yoyos (responsive) would return to the hand when one would tug on the string, but unresponsive yoyos behave a little differently. Instead of returning to the hand when one tugs on the string, one has to perform a trick called a "bind" where the string is doubled over inside the string gap to increase friction on the response system. This has brought about innovation of many different kinds of tricks involving leaving slack in the string, as this would have caused a responsive yoyo to return to the hand. This style of yoyoing is the most popular and the most common, and the most yoyo tricks are done with 1A yoyos.


title: Yo-yo

text: Looping is a yo-yo technique which emphasizes keeping the body of two yo-yos, one on each hand, in constant motion, with or without sleeping.


title: Yo-yo

text: Yo-yos optimized for looping have weight concentrated in their centers so they may easily rotate about the string's axis without their mass contributing to resistance due to a gyroscopic effect.


title: Yo-yo

text: In yo-yo competitions, looping both to the inside and outside of the hand with the yo-yo plays a strong role in the 2A division. Sometimes the yoyos would wrap around arms, legs, or necks.


title: Yo-yo

text: Two handed or 3A style play involves doing string tricks with two flared bearing yo-yos. Popularized and pioneered by Mark McBride, the first modern Triple A trick appeared in Fiend Magazine and was called the Velvet Rolls. The different mounts in this style are referred to as houses (e.g. "Kink House").


title: Yo-yo

text: Photos from as early as the late 1950s show early yo-yo demonstrators performing very basic 3A tricks, such as a Sleeper with one hand, and a Trapeze with the other. While 3A as a concept has existed for many years, it was not until the debut of Velvet Rolls, coupled with the rise of unresponsive yoyo play, that development began on what is currently considered Triple A. This is the most complex style and is the most likely to obtain knots, dings, and clangs.


title: Yo-yo

text: In the "off-string" technique, the yo-yo's string is not tied directly to the yo-yo's axle, and the yo-yo is usually launched into the air by performing a "forward pass" to be caught again on the string. However, some players can 'throw down' off-string yo-yos and catch it on the string just as it leaves the end of the string by pivoting the string around a finger as it unwinds, so that the yo-yo is caught on the string. This is exactly the opposite of a "forward pass", but with the same result.


title: Yo-yo

text: Yo-yos optimized for off-string tricks have flared designs, like the butterfly shape, which makes it easier to land on the string, and often have soft rubber rings on the edges, so minimum damage is inflicted on the yo-yo, the player, or anyone who happens to be standing nearby, should a trick go wrong. There are also tricks which involve the use of two off-string yoyos at the same time, thrown with the same hand, this is known as "soloham".


title: Yo-yo

text: In freehand tricks, the yo-yo's string is not tied to the player's hand, instead ending in a counterweight. The counterweight is then thrown from hand to hand and used as an additional element in the trick.


title: Yo-yo

text: Developed in 1999 by Steve Brown, as of 2008 freehand is considered to be the fastest-growing style of yo-yo play. Steve Brown was awarded a patent on his freehand yo-yo system, which was assigned to Flambeau Products (Duncan's parent company). Duncan patented the counterweight, and no one was able to design a unique weight. However, since March 28, 2020, the patent has expired.


title: Yo-yo

text: When the yo-yo is first released, the gravity (and the throw) give it translational kinetic energy and necessarily, since the string must unwind, much of this energy is converted into rotational kinetic energy establishing the free movement of the yo-yo, and causing it to spin rapidly. As the yo-yo unwinds downward, it also converts potential energy from gravity to both translational agh energy in its rotation to overcome gravity all the way back up to the hand.


title: Yo-yo

text: Because the sense of spinning does not change during the whole move, the string winds up in the opposite direction upon the return of the yo-yo. If the shaft of the yo-yo is connected to the string with a loop, there may not be enough frictional force to overcome the weight of the yo-yo, which is necessary to begin winding up the string. In this case, the yo-yo will continue to spin in the loop at the end of the string (or "sleep"), just being slightly braked by the small dynamic friction, instead of returning. However, if the string is jerked slightly up, or the hand is lowered, the slack created in the string will allow it to begin winding around the shaft, thereby increasing friction and allowing it to catch as the static friction force rises above the gravitation force holding the yo-yo at the bottom of the string, making the yo-yo wind up the string returning to the hand.


title: Yo-yo

text: Patents have been issued to create more complicated mechanisms to allow tension control and an adjustable mechanism.


title: Yo-yo

text: There is no sound historical evidence that yo-yos were ever used as weapons; the notion is believed to have been a marketing gimmick disseminated by Duncan yo-yo demonstrators in the early years of the company. Regardless, the notion that yo-yos can be used as weapons persists to this day in pop culture, as in the Chinese television series "Blazing Teens", and in the Japanese Guilty Gear franchise by the character Bridget (the animation of whose giant yo-yo's movements were a considerable challenge to look natural).


title: Gary Clark Jr.

text: Gary Lee Clark Jr. (born February 15, 1984) is an American musician from Austin, Texas. He is known for his fusion of blues, rock and soul music with elements of hip hop. In 2011, Clark signed with Warner Bros Records and released "The Bright Lights" EP. It was followed by the albums "Blak and Blu" (2012) and "The Story of Sonny Boy Slim" (2015). Throughout his career, Clark has been a prolific live performer, which has been documented in two releases: "Gary Clark Jr. Live" (2014) and "Gary Clark Jr Live/North America" (2017). He has shared the stage with Eric Clapton, Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, B.B. King and the Rolling Stones. In 2014, Clark was awarded a Grammy for Best Traditional R&B performance for the song "Please Come Home". His latest album, "This Land", was released in 2019. In 2020, he won the Grammy Award for "Best Rock Song" and "Best Rock Performance" for the song "This Land" from his album of the same name.


title: Gary Clark Jr.

text: Gary Clark Jr. began playing guitar at the age of 12. Born and raised in Austin, Texas, Clark played small gigs throughout his teens until he met promoter Clifford Antone, proprietor of the Austin music club Antone's. Antone's was the launch pad where Jimmie and Stevie Ray Vaughan redefined blues at the time. Soon after meeting Clifford, Clark began to perform with other musical icons, including Jimmie Vaughan. Vaughan and others in the Austin music community helped Clark along his musical path.


title: Gary Clark Jr.

text: Clark sang on the 2010 bonus track cover of the Jackson 5's "I Want You Back" on Sheryl Crow's album "100 Miles from Memphis".


title: Gary Clark Jr.

text: In 2012 Clark recorded with Alicia Keys on two different songs in New York City. He co-wrote the song Fire We Make with Alicia Keys, Pop Wansel and Oak Felder for the album Girl on Fire.


title: Gary Clark Jr.

text: On August 28, 2012, Alicia Keys revealed via Twitter that Clark's new album and major-label debut called "Blak and Blu" would be released on October 22, 2012.


title: Gary Clark Jr.

text: Clark worked with the Foo Fighters on the track "What Did I Do? / God as My Witness" on their 2014 album "Sonic Highways" recorded at KLRU-TV Studio 6A in Austin.


title: Gary Clark Jr.

text: Clark also had a guest appearance on Tech N9ne's album The Storm. The album was released on December 9, 2016. Clark provided the chorus for the song "No Gun Control".


title: Gary Clark Jr.

text: On Childish Gambino's album "Awaken, My Love!" Clark performs the guitar solo on the track, "The Night Me and Your Mama Met".


title: Gary Clark Jr.

text: Clark's cover version of the Beatles' 1969 No. 1 hit "Come Together", released in early 2017, has become his first charting single on "Billboard"s Mainstream Rock chart, peaking at #15.


title: Gary Clark Jr.

text: In 2018, Clark featured on two songs on Bun B's album "Return of the Trill", "Blood on the Dash" and "Gone Away" also featuring Leon Bridges.


title: Gary Clark Jr.

text: Clark was featured on Tom Morello's album The Atlas Underground, providing vocals and guitar on the song "Where It's At Ain't What It Is."


title: Gary Clark Jr.

text: On January 10, 2019, Clark announced the March 1, 2019, release of his new "This Land" album via Warner Bros. On the same day he also released the title song from the album supported by a Savanah Leaf directed music video for the song. "This Land" was chosen as a 'Favorite Blues Album' by AllMusic.


title: Gary Clark Jr.

text: Clark performed at the 50th Monterey Jazz Festival as part of the promotion for John Sayles' 2007 film "Honeydripper".


title: Gary Clark Jr.

text: Clark performed at the 2010 Crossroads Guitar Festival alongside B.B. King, Eric Clapton, Buddy Guy, Steve Winwood, John Mayer, Sheryl Crow, Jeff Beck, and ZZ Top. He joined Doyle Bramhall II and Sheryl Crow on stage for their performance with Eric Clapton, and also debuted several original songs.


title: Gary Clark Jr.

text: In June 2011, Clark played at the annual Bonnaroo Music Festival in Manchester, Tennessee, at the Miller Lite On Tap Lounge. On June 10, 2012, Clark again played at Bonnaroo, and his performance was streamed live online via the Bonnaroo MusicFest Channel on YouTube.


title: Gary Clark Jr.

text: In February 2012, Clark performed alongside blues legends at the "Red, White and Blues" event at the White House. The event, aired on PBS, also included B.B. King, Mick Jagger, Jeff Beck and Buddy Guy, among others. Clark played "Catfish Blues" and "In the Evening (When the Sun Goes Down)", as well as contributing to performances of "Let the Good Times Roll", "Beat Up Old Guitar", "Five Long Years" and "Sweet Home Chicago".


title: Gary Clark Jr.

text: In June 2012, Clark guested with the Dave Matthews Band playing "Can't Stop" and "All Along the Watchtower" at dates in Virginia Beach and Indianapolis and on October 21 and 22, 2012, Clark appeared as the opening act at the Bridge School Benefit Concert, Bridge XXVI. On December 8, 2012, Clark appeared at The Rolling Stones' first US-gig of their 50th anniversary tour at the Barclay's Center in Brooklyn, to perform the Don Nix song "Going Down" with the band. On December 15, 2012, he joined them onstage again to play the same song, along with John Mayer, during the last date of the Stones' mini-tour at the Prudential Center.