title: History of Finland

text: The Soviet Union invaded Finland on 30 November 1939, launching the Winter War, with the aim of annexing Finland into the Soviet Union. The Finnish Democratic Republic was established by Joseph Stalin at the beginning of the war with the purpose of governing Finland after Soviet conquest. The Red Army was defeated in numerous battles, notably at the Battle of Suomussalmi. After two months of negligible progress on the battlefield, as well as severe losses of men and materiel, the Soviets put an end to the Finnish Democratic Republic in late January 1940 and recognized the legal Finnish government as the legitimate government of Finland. Soviet forces began to make progress in February and reached Vyborg in March. Fighting came to an end on 13 March 1940 with the signing of the Moscow Peace Treaty. Finland had successfully defended its independence, but ceded 9% of its territory to the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union was expelled from the League of Nations as a result of the invasion.


title: History of Finland

text: After the Winter War the Finnish Army was exhausted, and needed recovery and support as soon as possible. The United Kingdom declined to help, but in autumn 1940, Nazi Germany offered weapon deals to Finland, if the Finnish government would allow German troops to travel through Finland to occupied Norway. Finland accepted, weapon deals were made and military co-operation began in December 1940.


title: History of Finland

text: Hostilities resumed in June 1941 with the start of the Continuation War, when Finland aligned with Germany following Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union. Finland was involved with the Siege of Leningrad and occupied East Karelia from 1941 to 1944. This irredentist sentiment of a Greater Finland, whose inhabitants were culturally related to the Finnish people, although Eastern Orthodox by religion, resulted in other countries being considerably less sympathetic to the Finnish cause.


title: History of Finland

text: Finnish forces won several decisive battles during the Soviet Vyborg–Petrozavodsk offensive of 1944, including the Battle of Tali-Ihantala and the Battle of Ilomantsi. These victories helped ensure Finnish independence, and led to the Moscow Armistice with the Soviet Union. The armistice called for the expulsion of German troops residing in northern Finland, leading to the Lapland War whereby the Finns forced the Germans to withdraw into Norway (then under German occupation).


title: History of Finland

text: Finland was never occupied by Soviet forces. Its army of over 600,000 soldiers saw only 3,500 prisoners of war. About 96,000 Finns died, or 2.5% of a population of 3.8 million; civilian casualties were under 2,500. Finland managed to defend its democracy, contrary to most other countries within the Soviet sphere of influence, and suffered comparably limited losses in terms of civilian lives and property. It was, however, punished harsher than other German co-belligerents and allies, having to pay large reparations and resettle an eighth of its population after having lost an eighth of its territory, including the major city of Viipuri. After the war, the Soviet government settled these gained territories with people from many different regions of the USSR, for instance from Ukraine.


title: History of Finland

text: The Finnish government did not participate in the systematic killing of Jews, although the country remained a "co-belligerent", a "de facto" ally of Germany until 1944. In total, eight German Jewish refugees were handed over to the German authorities. In the Tehran Conference of 1942, the leaders of the Allies agreed that Finland was fighting a separate war against the Soviet Union, and that in no way was it hostile to the Western allies. The Soviet Union was the only Allied country against which Finland had conducted military operations. Unlike any of the Axis nations, Finland was a parliamentary democracy throughout the 1939–1945 period. The commander of Finnish armed forces during the Winter War and the Continuation War, Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, became the President of Finland at the very end of the Continuation War. Finland made a separate armistice agreement with the Soviet Union on 19 September 1944, and was the only bordering country of USSR in Europe (alongside Norway, which has only gained its own border with the Soviet Union after the war) that kept its independence after the war.


title: History of Finland

text: During and in between the wars, approximately 80,000 Finnish war-children were evacuated abroad: 5% went to Norway, 10% to Denmark, and the rest to Sweden. Most of the children were sent back by 1948, but 15–20% remained abroad.


title: History of Finland

text: The Moscow Armistice was signed between Finland on one side and the Soviet Union and Britain on the other side on 19 September 1944, ending the Continuation War. The armistice compelled Finland to drive German troops from its territory, leading to the Lapland War 1944–1945.


title: History of Finland

text: In 1947, Finland reluctantly declined Marshall aid in order to preserve good relations with the Soviets, ensuring Finnish autonomy. Nevertheless, the United States shipped secret development aid and financial aid to the non-communist SDP (Social Democratic Party). Establishing trade with the Western powers, such as Britain, and the reparations to the Soviet Union caused Finland to transform itself from a primarily agrarian economy to an industrialised one. After the reparations had been paid off, Finland continued to trade with the Soviet Union in the framework of bilateral trade.


title: History of Finland

text: Finland's role in the Second World War was unusual in several ways. Despite massive superiority in military strength, the Soviet Union was unable to conquer Finland when the former invaded in 1939. In late 1940, German-Finnish co-operation began; it took a form that was unique when compared to relations with the Axis. Finland signed the Anti-Comintern Pact, which made Finland an ally with Germany in the war against the Soviet Union. But, unlike all other Axis states, Finland never signed the Tripartite Pact, meaning that Finland was not "de jure" an Axis nation.


title: History of Finland

text: Although Finland lost territory in both of its wars with the Soviets, the memory of these wars was sharply etched in the national consciousness. Finland celebrates these wars as a victory for the Finnish national spirit, which survived against long odds and allowed Finland to maintain its independence. Many groups of Finns are commemorated today, including not just fallen soldiers and veterans, but also orphans, evacuees from Karelia, the children who were evacuated to Sweden, women who worked during the war at home or in factories, and the veterans of the women's defense unit Lotta Svärd.


title: History of Finland

text: Some of these groups could not be properly commemorated until long after the war ended in order to preserve good relations with the Soviet Union. However, after a long political campaign backed by survivors of what Finns call the Partisan War, the Finnish Parliament passed legislation establishing compensation for the war's victims.


title: History of Finland

text: Finland retained a democratic constitution and free economy during the Cold War era. Treaties signed in 1947 and 1948 with the Soviet Union included obligations and restraints on Finland, as well as territorial concessions. The Paris Peace Treaty (1947) limited the size and the nature of Finland's armed forces. Weapons were to be solely defensive. A deepening of postwar tensions led a year later to the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance (1948) with the Soviet Union. The latter, in particular, was the foundation of Finno-Soviet relations in the postwar era. Under the terms of the treaty, Finland was bound to confer with the Soviets and perhaps to accept their aid if an attack from Germany, or countries allied with Germany, seemed likely. The treaty prescribed consultations between the two countries, but it had no mechanism for automatic Soviet intervention in a time of crisis. Both treaties have been abrogated by Finland since the 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union, while leaving the borders untouched. Even though being a neighbor to the Soviet Union sometimes resulted in overcautious concern in foreign policy ("Finlandization"), Finland developed closer co-operation with the other Nordic countries and declared itself neutral in superpower politics.


title: History of Finland

text: The Finnish post-war president, Juho Kusti Paasikivi, a leading conservative politician, saw that an essential element of Finnish foreign policy must be a credible guarantee to the Soviet Union that it need not fear attack from, or through, Finnish territory. Because a policy of neutrality was a political component of this guarantee, Finland would ally itself with no one. Another aspect of the guarantee was that Finnish defenses had to be sufficiently strong to defend the nation's territory. This policy remained the core of Finland's foreign relations for the rest of the Cold War era.


title: History of Finland

text: In 1952, Finland and the countries of the Nordic Council entered into a passport union, allowing their citizens to cross borders without passports and soon also to apply for jobs and claim social security benefits in the other countries. Many from Finland used this opportunity to secure better-paying jobs in Sweden in the 1950s and 1960s, dominating Sweden's first wave of post-war labour immigrants. Although Finnish wages and standard of living could not compete with wealthy Sweden until the 1970s, the Finnish economy rose remarkably from the ashes of World War II, resulting in the buildup of another Nordic-style welfare state.


title: History of Finland

text: Despite the passport union with Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Iceland, Finland could not join the Nordic Council until 1955 because of Soviet fears that Finland might become too close to the West. At that time the Soviet Union saw the Nordic Council as part of NATO of which Denmark, Norway and Iceland were members. That same year Finland joined the United Nations, though it had already been associated with a number of UN specialized organisations. The first Finnish ambassador to the UN was G.A. Gripenberg (1956–1959), followed by Ralph Enckell (1959–1965), Max Jakobson (1965–1972), Aarno Karhilo (1972–1977), Ilkka Pastinen (1977–1983), Keijo Korhonen (1983–1988), Klaus Törnudd (1988–1991), Wilhelm Breitenstein (1991–1998) and Marjatta Rasi (1998–2005). In 1972 Max Jakobson was a candidate for Secretary-General of the UN. In another remarkable event of 1955, the Soviet Union decided to return the Porkkala peninsula to Finland, which had been rented to the Soviet Union in 1948 for 50 years as a military base, a situation which somewhat endangered Finnish sovereignty and neutrality.


title: History of Finland

text: Officially claiming to be neutral, Finland lay in the grey zone between the Western countries and the Soviet Union, and it also developed into one of the centres of the East-West espionage, in which both the KGB and the CIA played their parts. The 1949 established Finnish Security Intelligence Service ("SUPO, Suojelupoliisi"), an operational security authority and a police unit under the Interior Ministry, whose core areas of activity are counter-Intelligence, counter-terrorism and national security, also participated in this activity in some places. The Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948 (Finno-Soviet Pact of "Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance") gave the Soviet Union some leverage in Finnish domestic politics. However, Finland maintained capitalism unlike most other countries bordering the Soviet Union. Property rights were strong. While nationalization committees were set up in France and UK, Finland avoided nationalizations. After failed experiments with protectionism in the 1950s, Finland eased restrictions and committed to a series of international free trade agreements: first an associate membership in the European Free Trade Association in 1961, a full membership in 1986 and also an agreement with the European Community in 1973. Local education markets expanded and an increasing number of Finns also went abroad to study in the United States or Western Europe, bringing back advanced skills. There was a quite common, but pragmatic-minded, credit and investment cooperation by state and corporations, though it was considered with suspicion. Support for capitalism was widespread. Savings rate hovered among the world's highest, at around 8% until the 1980s. In the beginning of the 1970s, Finland's GDP per capita reached the level of Japan and the UK. Finland's economic development shared many aspects with export-led Asian countries.


title: History of Finland

text: Building on its status as western democratic country with friendly ties with the Soviet Union, Finland pushed to reduce the political and military tensions of cold war. Since the 1960s, Finland urged the formation of a (Nordic NWFZ), and in 1972–1973 was the host of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), which culminated in the signing of the Helsinki Accords in 1975 and lead to the creation of the OSCE.


title: History of Finland

text: Before 1940 Finland was a poor rural nation of urban and rural workers and independent farmers. There was a small middle class, employed chiefly as civil servants and in small local businesses. As late as 1950 half of the workers were in agriculture and only a third lived in urban towns. The new jobs in manufacturing, services and trade quickly attracted people to the towns and cities. The average number of births per woman declined from a baby boom peak of 3.5 in 1947 to 1.5 in 1973. When baby boomers entered the workforce, the economy did not generate jobs fast enough and hundreds of thousands emigrated to the more industrialized Sweden, migration peaking in 1969 and 1970 (today 4.7 percent of Swedes speak Finnish).


title: History of Finland

text: By the 1990s, farm laborers had nearly all moved on, leaving owners of small farms. By 2000 the social structure included a politically active working class, a primarily clerical middle class, and an upper bracket consisting of managers, entrepreneurs, and professionals. The social boundaries between these groups were not distinct. Causes of change included the growth of a mass culture, international standards, social mobility, and acceptance of democracy and equality as typified by the welfare state.


title: History of Finland

text: The generous system of welfare benefits emerged from a long process of debate, negotiations and maneuvers between efficiency-oriented modernizers on the one hand and Social Democrats and labor unions. A compulsory system provides old-age and disability insurance, financed mostly by taxes on employers. The national government provides unemployment insurance, maternity benefits, family allowances, and day-care centers. Health insurance covers most of the cost of outpatient care. The national health act of 1972 provided for the establishment of free health centers in every municipality. There were major cutbacks in the early 1990s, but they were distributed to minimize the harm to the vast majority of voters.


title: History of Finland

text: The post-war period was a time of rapid economic growth and increasing social and political stability for Finland. The five decades after the Second World War saw Finland turn from a war-ravaged agrarian society into one of the most technologically advanced countries in the world, with a sophisticated market economy and high standard of living.


title: History of Finland

text: In 1991, Finland fell into a depression caused by a combination of economic overheating, fixed currency, depressed Western, Soviet, and local markets. Stock market and housing prices declined by 50%. The growth in the 1980s was based on debt and defaults started rolling in. GDP declined by 15% and unemployment increased from a virtual full employment to one fifth of the workforce. The crisis was amplified by trade unions' initial opposition to any reforms. Politicians struggled to cut spending and the public debt doubled to around 60% of GDP. Some 7–8% of GDP was needed to bail out failing banks and force banking sector consolidation. After devaluations the depression bottomed out in 1993.


title: History of Finland

text: The GDP growth rate has since been one of the highest of OECD countries and Finland has topped many indicators of national performance.


title: History of Finland

text: Until 1991, President Mauno Koivisto and two of the three major parties, Center Party and the Social Democrats opposed the idea of European Union membership and preferred entering into the European Economic Area treaty. However, after Sweden had submitted its membership application in 1991 and the Soviet Union was dissolved at the end of the year, Finland submitted its own application to the EU in March 1992. The accession process was marked by heavy public debate, where the differences of opinion did not follow party lines. Officially, all three major parties were supporting the Union membership, but members of all parties participated in the campaign against the membership. Before the parliamentary decision to join the EU, a consultative referendum was held on 16 April 1994, in which 56.9% of the votes were in favour of joining. The process of accession was completed on 1 January 1995, when Finland joined the European Union along with Austria and Sweden. Leading Finland into the EU is held as the main achievement of the Centrist-Conservative government of Esko Aho then in power.


title: History of Finland

text: In the economic policy, the EU membership brought with it many large changes. While politicians were previously involved in setting interest rates, the Bank of Finland was given an inflation-targeting mandate until Finland joined the eurozone. During Prime Minister Paavo Lipponen's two successive governments 1995–2003, several large state companies were privatized fully or partially. Matti Vanhanen's two cabinets followed suit until autumn 2008, when the state became a major shareholder in the Finnish telecom company Elisa with the intention to secure the Finnish ownership of a strategically important industry.


title: History of Finland

text: In addition to fast integration with the European Union, safety against Russian leverage has been increased by building fully NATO-compatible military. 1000 troops (a high per-capita amount) are simultaneously committed in NATO and UN operations. Finland has also opposed energy projects that increase dependency on Russian imports. For a long time, Finland remained one of the last non-NATO members in Europe, without enough support for full membership unless Sweden joined first.


title: History of Finland

text: On 24 February 2022, the Russian president Vladimir Putin ordered the Russian Armed Forces to begin the invasion of Ukraine. On 25 February, a Russian Foreign Ministry spokesperson threatened Finland and Sweden with "military and political consequences" if they attempted to join NATO, which neither were actively seeking. After the invasion public support for membership rose significantly.


title: Rye whiskey

text: In the United States, rye whiskey is, by law, made from a mash of at least 51 percent rye. (The other ingredients in the mash are usually corn and malted barley.) It is distilled to no more than 160 U.S. proof (80% abv) and aged in charred, new oak barrels. The whiskey must be put in the barrels at no more than 125 proof (62.5% abv). Rye whiskey that has been aged for at least two years and has not been blended with other spirits may be further designated as straight, as in "straight rye whiskey".


title: Rye whiskey

text: Rye whiskey was historically the prevalent whiskey in the northeastern states, especially Pennsylvania and Maryland. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was the center of rye whiskey production in the late 1700s and early 1800s. By 1808, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania farmers were selling one half barrel for each man, woman and child in the country. By the 1880s, Joseph F. Sinnott's distillery, Moore and Sinnott, located in Monongahela, Pennsylvania, was the single largest producer of rye whiskey, with a capacity of 30,000 barrels a year.


title: Rye whiskey

text: Rye whiskey largely disappeared after Prohibition. A few brands, such as Old Overholt, survived, although by the late 1960s former Pennsylvania brands like Old Overholt were being distilled mostly in Kentucky.


title: Rye whiskey

text: In the early 21st century, an expanding number of brands are produced by Campari Group (Wild Turkey Rye), Diageo (George Dickel Rye and Bulleit Rye), Heaven Hill (Pikesville Rye and Rittenhouse Rye), Beam Suntory (Old Overholt and Jim Beam Rye), The Sazerac Company (Col. E. H. Taylor, Sazerac Rye, and Thomas H. Handy), and various smaller companies. A particularly large producer is MGP of Indiana (formerly known as Lawrenceburg Distillers Indiana), which is a distiller for many brands that are marketed by others (including some of the large companies previously listed).


title: Rye whiskey

text: Rye whiskey has been undergoing a small but growing revival in the U.S. Since the beginning of the 21st century, more producers have been experimenting with rye whiskey, and several now market aged rye whiskey. For example, Brown-Forman began production of a Jack Daniel's rye whiskey and released unaged and lightly aged versions as limited editions. A reconstructed distillery at Mount Vernon (the estate of George Washington) sells a rye that is similar to the whiskey Washington made. At its peak, Washington's original distillery was among the largest producers of rye whiskey in the United States, averaging per year.


title: Rye whiskey

text: Rye grain is known for imparting what many call a spicy or fruity flavor to the whiskey. Bourbon, distilled from at least 51% corn, is noticeably sweeter and tends to be more full-bodied than rye. As bourbon gained popularity beyond the southern United States, bartenders increasingly substituted it for rye in cocktails such as the whiskey sour, Manhattan, and Old Fashioned, which were originally made with rye. All other things being equal, the character of the cocktail will be drier (i.e., less sweet) with rye.


title: Rye whiskey

text: Canadian whisky is often referred to as "rye whisky" because historically much of the content was from rye. There is no requirement for rye to be used to make Canadian whisky, and the labels "Canadian whisky", "Canadian rye whisky" and "Rye whisky" are all legally permitted, regardless of the actual composition, provided the whiskies "possess the aroma, taste and character generally attributed to Canadian whisky".


title: Rye whiskey

text: In modern practice, most Canadian whiskies are blended to achieve this character, primarily consisting of a high-proof base whisky typically made from corn or wheat and aged in used barrels combined with a small amount of flavoring whisky made from a rye mash and distilled to a lower proof. In some cases, the corn-to-rye ratio may be as high as 9:1. There are a few exceptions, such as Alberta Premium and Canadian Club Chairman's Select, which are made from 100% rye mash.


title: Rye whiskey

text: Canadian whisky must be aged in wooden barrels that are not larger than for at least three years, and the barrels do not have to be new oak or charred. This requirement differs from regulations for U.S. blended whiskey, in which the bulk base spirits are not required to be aged.


title: Rye whiskey

text: Scotch whisky distillers were using rye as a mash ingredient for grain whisky in the 18th century. By the 2020s, tariffs on biogas producers had led to an increase in availability of the grain, leading modern distilleries to begin experimenting with the new raw material.


title: A Good Person

text: A Good Person is an upcoming American comedy-drama film written, directed, and produced by Zach Braff. The film stars Florence Pugh, Molly Shannon, Chinaza Uche, Celeste O'Connor, and Morgan Freeman.


title: A Good Person

text: "A Good Person" is scheduled to be released in the United States on March 24, 2023, by United Artists Releasing.


title: A Good Person

text: Years after being involved in a fatal accident, Allison forms an unlikely relationship with her would-be father-in-law.


title: A Good Person

text: On February 26, 2021, it was reported Zach Braff would write and direct "A Good Person", a drama starring Florence Pugh and Morgan Freeman. By March 2021, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) was in negotiations to acquire the rights to the film in a multimillion-dollar deal. In September 2021, it was confirmed MGM would be producing and distributing the film, with Molly Shannon joining the cast, and Braff and Pugh set to produce.


title: A Good Person

text: In July 2021, when asked if he would go back to directing feature films, Braff said "I'd like to do more. I just kind of, for better, for worse, I just go where the wind takes me ... and then the pandemic happened and I wrote this screenplay. And then that came together with Florence [Pugh] and Morgan Freeman". Principal photography began in October 2021, with Celeste O'Connor, Zoe Lister-Jones, and Chinaza Uche joining the cast. In November 2021, filming took place at Columbia High School in Essex County, New Jersey.


title: Ichigo Kurosaki

text: Kubo said that Ichigo was created to replace Rukia as the protagonist of the series, because he felt she was unsuited for the role. In the anime series adaptation, Ichigo is voiced by Masakazu Morita in Japanese. In the English dubbing, he is voiced by Johnny Yong Bosch. In the live-action film, he is played by Sota Fukushi.


title: Ichigo Kurosaki

text: His character has been well received among both readers and reviewers. Ichigo is often featured in "Weekly Shōnen Jump" character popularity polls. He was consistently ranked as the most popular character in "Bleach". The 2007 Japanese "Newtype" magazine polls ranked Ichigo as one of the top 100 most-loved anime characters. Reviewers of the series have praised his personality, though some consider him to be a stereotypical anti-hero. Merchandise based on Ichigo's likeness has been released, including toys, clothing and action figures. However, critics disliked his anticlimactic fights in the series' latter half due to his lack of memorable scenes at these points.


title: Ichigo Kurosaki

text: When drawing the manga series, Kubo commented that Rukia, the first "Bleach" character he introduced, was originally intended to be the protagonist. Through subsequent development of the series, however, Kubo decided to make her a valued ally and instead introduced Ichigo as the central character. Initial design sketches show Ichigo wearing glasses, and having dark hair and softer eyes. When designing Rukia, however, Kubo modified Ichigo's appearance to contrast with hers, giving Ichigo orange hair, a trademark scowl, and removing the glasses. During the series' first chapter, Ichigo's wristwatch was based on one Kubo himself wore at the time. In later chapters, his wristwatch was based on Naoto Fukasawa's W11K cellphone. According to Kubo, Ichigo, along with Orihime Inoue, are the most arduous characters to sketch. While illustrating one of Ichigo's scenes, Kubo found it awkward to draw him with a cheerful smile.


title: Ichigo Kurosaki

text: Kubo has stated that Ichigo's greatest strength is his considerate and thoughtful nature. He always thinks about other's needs. However, he noted it as his greatest weakness, since worrying about his friends tends to put him in danger. When asked in an interview if he had any plans to focus on the love triangle between Ichigo, Orihime and Rukia, Kubo chose neither to confirm nor deny it as he did not want to focus on romance. Kubo attributes Ichigo's popularity among readers to the fact that he "looks cool". He also mentioned that as people read more about him they will discover that he is a warm and kind-hearted person.


title: Ichigo Kurosaki

text: Following over fifty volumes of the manga's released, Kubo believes that Ichigo was the most developed character. He said that Ichigo leads the story and introduces readers to the events in it. When the Arrancar arc ended, Kubo rebooted the series which resulted in Ichigo losing his Soul Reaper powers. In the same way Ichigo became a Soul Reaper during the series' first chapter; he starts searching for methods to recover his original powers. During the story arc, Ichigo wears a new outfit after developing his Fullbring powers. Kubo wanted to bring the readers a feeling of uneasiness when creating this design as it resembles more of a "tokusatsu" character rather than his kimono counterpart from the Soul Reaper form to the point it would fit Ginjou Shinjo better. As a result, Kubo noted that readers were relieved reobtained his Soul Reaper as he once again wore a kimono despite being sightly different from the original one.


title: Ichigo Kurosaki

text: Ichigo is voiced by Morita as a teenager and Yuki Matsuoka as a child for the Japanese anime. Morita said that Ichigo was one of his favorite characters he ever played alongside Tidus in "Final Fantasy X". Johnny Yong Bosch voiced him as a teenager and Mona Marshall as a child for the English dub. While describing Ichigo as one of his best roles, Morita notes that voicing him can be at times difficult. Bosch has enjoyed voicing Ichigo's character due to his personal interest in the character's morals. However, he experienced difficulty voicing him in some scenes where Ichigo shouts for a long time.


title: Ichigo Kurosaki

text: Sota Fukushi played Ichigo in the live-action adaptation of the series with the storyline's first arc, with Bosch reprising his role in the English dub.


title: Ichigo Kurosaki

text: Ichigo is one of the students attending Karakura High School and having the ability to see ghosts. He meets a Soul Reaper named Rukia Kuchiki from a secret organization called the Soul Society, who are in charge of sending souls to the afterlife. At the same time, Ichigo's family is attacked by a Hollow, a deceased spirit becoming a warped soul-eating monster which Soul Reapers deal with. After being wounded in an attempt to save Ichigo from a Hollow attack, Rukia transfers her Soul Reaper powers to him so he can save his family. In the following months, Ichigo acts in Rukia's place as the Soul Reaper in protecting Karakura Town from Hollows as their friendship continues to grow. Ichigo's past is also revealed as he faces the Grand Fisher, a hollow who killed his mother when he was nine years old. In time, the Soul Society sends two high-seated officers to take Rukia back for committing the crime of transferring her Soul Reaper powers to a human. In training with Kisuke Urahara in order to rescue Rukia, Ichigo obtains his own Soul Reaper powers and learns the name of his Zanpakutō, . He takes his friends with him to the Soul Society: Sado “Chad” Yasutora, Orihime Inoue, and Uryū Ishida. Ichigo is confronted by members of Gotei 13, the main military force in the Soul Society. As he approaches the prison where she is being held captive, Ichigo does battle with, faces and defeats other Soul Reapers, including Renji Abarai, Kenpachi Zaraki, and Byakuya Kuchiki, who adopted Rukia as his sister. For his match against Byakuya, Ichigo learns his "Bankai", , which highly increases his speed. After a long fight, he defeats Byakuya, who confesses why he tried to kill his sister. Captain Sōsuke Aizen, who faked his death prior, have been behind Rukia's sentencing and the chaos that plagued the Soul Society. He leaves the Soul Society and flees to the realm of Hollows, Hueco Mundo.


title: Ichigo Kurosaki

text: In time, Aizen targets Karakura Town with an army of Arrancars, Hollows that assumed human form with Soul Reaper powers, after subjecting them to the Hōgyoku. In order to defeat the Arrancars and to control his Hollow powers, Ichigo begins to train with the group of Soul Reaper outcasts known as the Vizard. During the invasion of Karakura Town, Ichigo's friend Orihime Inoue has been abducted by Ulquiorra Cifer, one of Aizen's strongest Arrancars: The Espadas. Ichigo and his friends independently head to Hueco Mundo to find Orihime. After defeating the Espada Grimmjow Jaegerjaquez, Ichigo manages to save Orihime and defeat Ulquiorra. Soon after, Ichigo returns from Hueco Mundo to Karakura Town, and confront Aizen. During the battle interim, Ichigo learns a technique called the that weakens and defeats Aizen, allowing Urahara to seal him within a kidō barrier, at the cost of Ichigo's power.


title: Ichigo Kurosaki

text: Seventeen months later, Ichigo becomes a senior in high school. The start of the Lost Agent arc describes his life after losing his power. One day, he meets Kūgo Ginjō, a Fullbringer from the group Xcution. Ginjo offers to replenish Ichigo's Soul Reaper powers in return for helping him and his group to become ordinary humans. With their help, Ichigo unlocks his own Fullbring powers through his Substitute Soul Reaper Badge. However, Ichigo later learns that Ginjo and his ally Shūkurō Tsukishima, a Fullbringer with ability to change people's memories, used him to take Fullbring powers for Xcution's use. Rukia transfers the Reiatsu of the Gotei 13's senior officers and other Soul Reapers through a special sword and restores Ichigo's Soul Reaper powers. Ichigo fights Ginjo with his improved Shinigami powers and during their duel, it is revealed that Ginjo was the first Substitute Soul Reaper. Despite learning the truth, Ichigo resolves to protect everyone and help other Soul Reapers defeat Ginjo. Though learning from Ginjō that the Soul Society monitor and limit their powers, Ichigo promises the Soul Reapers to continue fighting by their side.


title: Ichigo Kurosaki

text: While patrolling Karakura Town, Ichigo is informed about the invasion of Hueco Mundo by Wandenreich, a group of Quincies. He goes to Hueco Mundo with his friends to liberate it from one of the Wandenreich's high-ranked officers Quilge Opie. Later, Ichigo finds out that the Quincies are attacking the Soul Society. Arriving just after Captain Commander Yamamoto's death, Ichigo encounters the Wandenreich's leader Yhwach. During the fight against Yhwach that ends with a draw, Ichigo's "Zanpakutō" is shattered and Yhwach leaves the Soul Society. Ichigo returns to the World of the Living, where he learns the truth that his mother was a pure-blood Quincy who was on a verge of hollowification after she was infected by White, Aizen's experimental Hollow. She was saved by Isshin at the cost of his Soul Reaper powers. Ichigo later learns that entity he believed to be Zangetsu is actually the embodiment of his Quincy powers while his inner Hollow is the true Zangetsu. Despite this, Ichigo still accept him as he gains his reforged Zanpakutō in its new split "Shikai" form. During the second invasion by the Wandenreich, Ichigo and his friends confront Yhwach at the Soul King's Palace. Ichigo gets overwhelmed, but Tsukishima and Orihime's combined efforts fixed his broken Tensa Zangetsu. Together with Uryū, Renji and Aizen, Ichigo defeats Yhwach.


title: Ichigo Kurosaki

text: As revealed in the light novel "Bleach: Can't Fear Your Own World", Ichigo was a potential heir of the Soul King due to the nature of his origins and was spared the burden when a new Soul King was created from Yhwach's remains. The manga's epilogue, taking place ten years after Yhwach's defeat, Ichigo and Orihime had a son named Kazui, who destroys the remnants of Yhwach's power.


title: Ichigo Kurosaki

text: Ichigo appears in four films for the series, including "", "", "" and "". He also appears in both of the original video animations; fighting against a Hollow called the Grand Fisher in the first one and combating the rogue Soul Reaper Baishin in the second. In the "Bleach" video games, Ichigo is a playable character, including the and series. In some games, his Hollow form and "Bankai" state are available as separate characters. In "Rock Musical Bleach", a musical based on the "Bleach" series, Ichigo is played by Tatsuya Isaka. His character is featured in two volumes from the "Bleach Beat Collection" CD soundtrack series which features themes composed by his Japanese voice actor, Masakazu Morita. These include the first of them, in which he is the only character and the fourth season's fourth volume along with Rukia. Ichigo also appears in the first volume of "Bleach Breathless Collection" CD soundtrack series together with the embodiment of his Quincy powers that posed as the Zanpakutō spirit Zangetsu.


title: Ichigo Kurosaki

text: Amongst the "Bleach" reader base, Ichigo has been always highly ranked in the "Weekly Shōnen Jump" popularity polls for the series. He has usually taken first place, though in early 2008 he dropped to third. His sword, Zangetsu, also ranked third in the "Zanpakutō" popularity polls. In the 2007 Japanese "Newtype" magazine poll, Ichigo was ranked one of the best male anime characters. In the Society for the Promotion of Japanese Animation (SPJA), Ichigo was elected for the best anime male character in 2008. The Japanese music distributor "Recochoku" has made two annual survey of which anime characters that people would like to marry. Ichigo ranked tenth in the category "The Character I Want to Be My Groom" from the 2008 survey and eight in the 2009 poll. Wizard Entertainment considered Ichigo the best hero from 2007, commenting that he does not try to be a typical hero but he fights in order to protect his friends. He was also 20th in IGN's "Top 25 Anime Characters of All Time" with comments focused on his design and personality. Ichigo has also appeared twice in the Anime Grand Prix polls, ranking as one of the most popular male anime characters. At the first Seiyu Awards in March 2007, Masakazu Morita won in the category "Best Rookie Actor" for his role as Ichigo Kurosaki. Ichigo's voice actor in the English adaptation, Johnny Yong Bosch, has also been praised for his voice work on Ichigo's character by Anime News Network (ANN), which favorably compared Bosch and Morita's work. Various merchandise based on Ichigo's appearance has been created, including action figures, plush toys and key-chains. Since the series was released, replica models of Ichigo's "Zanpakutō" and "Bankai" have been produced for purchase by collectors and fans.


title: Ichigo Kurosaki

text: Several publications for manga, anime, video games, and other related media have provided praise and criticism on Ichigo's character. ANN's Melissa Harper commented that Ichigo's initial rebellious actions make him almost a stereotypical anti-hero, but note that he is soon revealed to be a more complex character with a sad past. "Los Angeles Times"s Charles Solomon comments Ichigo's character has little in common with protagonists from other series due to his bad temper and how he tends to fight. However, he added that readers from the series still "love" Ichigo. The way Ichigo becomes a Soul Reaper was found to be relatively common by Carlos Alexandre. He noted that Ichigo's character of a "tough guy with a heart of gold" had already been done in several series. Charles White from IGN praised Ichigo's climactic fight against Byakuya Kuchiki as one of the best fights in the "Bleach" series, and later Ramsey Isler gave additional praise to both the design and voice acting for Ichigo's inner Hollow.


title: Ichigo Kurosaki

text: Ichigo's development during the Rescue arc in which he sets to save Rukia Kuchiki from being executed have been praised by ANN's Theron Martin. He praised the scenes in which Ichigo manages to stop Rukia's execution and his subsequent demonstration of his "Bankai" as one of the "eminently satisfying landmark moments in the series". Wired News's Corrina Lawson stated that she liked Ichigo's strong sense of responsibility, and commented it was one of the reasons of the series' popularity. However, the early dynamic between Ichigo and Rukia was the subject of criticism as Film School Rejects was disappointed that the latter was reduced from a strong Soul Reaper into a weak supporting character as the former becomes the lead character with her powers. "Anime News Network" criticized the handling of how Ichigo faced off his biggest nemesis in the following arcs, Aizen and Ginjou. While the former was seen as anticlimactic and might have given the series a proper ending, the latter instead made no impact to his character despite their misrelationship caused by Ginjou's plans. Similarly, for the final fight in the manga between Ichigo and his allies against Yhwach for lacking any entertainment, giving a rushed feeling due to all characters assisting him briefly and how Ichigo became able to wield powers of every type of character in the process.


title: Ichigo Kurosaki

text: During the serialization of the manga, Tite Kubo said he received a letter from a reader who decided to name his son "Ichigo". This brought joy as well as fear to the manga artist due to how his work influenced other people. While feeling that he also made a good manga during this comment, Kubo decided to work more on the character in hopes that once the real Ichigo grows up, he would feel proud with his name.


title: Esmé Creed-Miles

text: Esmé Creed-Miles (born 5 February 2000) is an English actress, known for starring as the title character in the Amazon Video series "Hanna".


title: Esmé Creed-Miles

text: Creed-Miles was born in Barnet, England and attended the English boarding school Bedales. She is the daughter of actors Charlie Creed-Miles and Samantha Morton.


title: Esmé Creed-Miles

text: Creed-Miles began her acting career as little Shirley Temple in the film "Mister Lonely" (2007) directed by Harmony Korine. Her next film appearance came ten years later when she was cast in Clio Barnard's "Dark River". In an interview, Creed-Miles said that she had auditioned for roles in several independent films before she was chosen to star as the eponymous character in "Hanna". According to the actress she trained in martial arts six hours a day for months as preparation for her fight scenes in the series. Creed-Miles valued how her role as Hanna enabled her to challenge societal norms about gender and sexuality. Creed-Miles has received positive reviews for her work in the series. "The Atlantic" noted that she is "imbuing the character with emotional vulnerability and physical power. Even more striking is how she communicates Hanna’s intelligence, how fleet and observant and hyperalert she is."


title: Marc Evan Jackson

text: Marc Evan Jackson (born August 21, 1970) is an American comedian and actor. Some of his roles include Sparks Nevada in the "Thrilling Adventure Hour", Kevin Cozner in "Brooklyn Nine-Nine" (he also hosts a podcast based on the sitcom, titled "Brooklyn Nine-Nine: The Podcast"), Trevor Nelsson in "Parks and Recreation", Dr. Murphy in "22 Jump Street", Steve Woodward in "", Shawn in "The Good Place" (also hosting "The Good Place: The Podcast"), and Bradford Buzzard in the Disney XD series "DuckTales".


title: Marc Evan Jackson

text: Jackson was born in 1970 in Buffalo, New York. He grew up in nearby Amherst, New York, along with his two siblings, a brother and a sister. He graduated from Amherst Central High School in 1988, and obtained a bachelor's degree from Calvin College in 1992 with a major in philosophy and minors in political science and environmental studies. While in college, he also participated in theatre productions.


title: Marc Evan Jackson

text: During summers, Jackson worked as a deck hand on the MV "Americana". After graduating from college, he spent a few years working on schooners, both in Michigan, as a deck hand on the schooner Malabar, and in Maine, as first mate on the Mercantile. He also worked as a producer and host for WGVU, a National Public Radio affiliate in Michigan, replacing Bill Freeman as the host of the "Morning Show" in 1997.


title: Marc Evan Jackson

text: Jackson started his improv career with River City Improv, a group associated with Calvin University, after attending a rehearsal to play the piano. Jackson later joined The Second City Detroit, becoming a member of the main company in 1998. While at Second City Detroit he participated in the 1999 show "Phantom Menace to Society."


title: Marc Evan Jackson

text: Jackson moved to Los Angeles in 2001. He taught improv at Second City Hollywood. He joined the long-form improv group called "The 313" in 2003. The 313 is named for Detroit's area code and is made up of mostly former Detroit residents, including Keegan-Michael Key, Larry Joe Campbell, Joshua Funk, Nyima Funk, Andy Cobb, Maribeth Monroe, and Jaime Moyer. The 313 continues to perform at comedy festivals around the country, including Las Vegas, San Francisco, and Detroit.


title: Marc Evan Jackson

text: After meeting Mark Gagliardi and Ben Acker at Second City Hollywood, Jackson was invited to one of the first rehearsals of what would become the "Thrilling Adventure Hour" and became a member of the WorkJuice Players, playing Sparks Nevada in the regular segment "Sparks Nevada, Marshal on Mars". The show has been running as a live stage show since 2005 and has been published as a podcast since January 2011. Jackson also appeared in the film "Drones", which was written by Acker and Blacker and directed by Amber Benson and Adam Busch.


title: Marc Evan Jackson

text: Jackson is one half of a double act with comedian Carrie Clifford in which they play Sky & Nancy Collins, characters who live in Orange County and are trying stand-up for the first time because their friends find them funny. They have appeared on "Last Comic Standing", on "Last Call with Carson Daly", and at the Hollywood Improv.


title: Marc Evan Jackson

text: Jackson starred in a web series in 2011 directed by Jordan Vogt-Roberts called "Fox Compton". He has gone on to work with Vogt-Roberts many times, including on the film "The Kings of Summer" in 2013, in 2017 and in the television series "Mash Up" on Comedy Central. Jackson has made guest appearances in a number of other television series, including "Key & Peele", "Psych", "Arrested Development", "Happy Endings", "The Middle", "2 Broke Girls", "Modern Family", "Kroll Show", "Hello Ladies", and "Black-ish". In 2012, Jackson starred in "Suit Up", a web series co-produced by DirecTV and Fox Digital Studio, as Jim Dunnigan. "Suit Up" was the first of Fox Digital Studio's series to be picked up for a second season.


title: Marc Evan Jackson

text: In January 2012, Jackson stood in for Bradley Cooper to play the part of Ben in a staged reunion performance of "Wet Hot American Summer" at the San Francisco Comedy Festival.


title: Marc Evan Jackson

text: Jackson has appeared as attorney Trevor Nelsson in half a dozen episodes of Michael Schur's comedy series "Parks and Recreation", and was later cast as Kevin Cozner in Schur's and Dan Goor's series "Brooklyn Nine-Nine". Jackson had a supporting role in the Amazon pilot "The Rebels", which premiered online in 2014 but was not picked up for a full series. In February 2014, it was announced that Jackson would play the role of Jim in the Fox pilot titled "Fatrick", along with Marcia Cross. The pilot was not picked-up as a series.


title: Marc Evan Jackson

text: Jackson continued his affiliation with Schur by taking on a recurring role in his comedy "The Good Place" as Shawn, who is first identified as the judge of conflicts between the Good Place and the Bad Place, but is later revealed to be a supervisor of the Bad Place. Jackson hosted "The Good Place: The Podcast" and "Brooklyn Nine-Nine: The Podcast" for NBC.


title: Marc Evan Jackson

text: Jackson is known for his voiceover work, which includes movies like "President Wolfman", radio series such as "Adventures in Odyssey" and web series including "Funny or Die Presents: Brick Novax's Diary".


title: Marc Evan Jackson

text: In October 2013, Jackson appeared as Marcus Vanston in a live performance of the podcast "Welcome to Night Vale". This episode, titled "The Debate", was released on May 1, 2014.


title: Marc Evan Jackson

text: Jackson has appeared in numerous national ad campaigns, including Farmers Insurance with J.K. Simmons, Sears, Coors, Aaron's, Progressive, DirecTV and AT&T.


title: Marc Evan Jackson

text: Jackson married veterinarian Beth Hagenlocker on April 27, 2002. They live in Venice, Los Angeles, with their cats Penny, Charlie, and Snug.


title: Marc Evan Jackson

text: Jackson is known for wearing a bow tie, both in character as Sparks Nevada as well as out of character.


title: Marc Evan Jackson

text: Jackson co-founded the Detroit Creativity Project, which teaches Detroit public school students improv as a vehicle for improving their communication skills, along with Hagenlocker, Key, Margaret Edwartowski, and Larry Joe Campbell. The Project, which was inspired by a statement by Detroit mayor Dave Bing, was founded after a series of cookouts held at Jackson and Hagenlocker's home with other actors, writers, and directors who had connections to the city. In 2015 the program will expand to teach 500 students in 19 different schools.


title: Marc Evan Jackson

text: Jackson and Hagenlocker are also supporters of the non-profit 826LA and Jackson frequently participates in events for the organization.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: Mark Thomas Tremonti (born April 18, 1974) is an American guitarist and singer, best known for his tenures with the rock bands Creed and Alter Bridge. He is a founding member of both bands, and has also collaborated with many other artists over the years. He formed his own band Tremonti in 2011 and has released five albums with them, including "A Dying Machine", which was adapted by Tremonti and science fiction novelist John Shirley.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: Since his early years with Creed, Tremonti has received positive recognition as a guitarist and songwriter and has received a number of accolades, including one Grammy Award for Creed's single "With Arms Wide Open". He was also named "Guitarist of the Year" for three consecutive years by "Guitar World", and in 2011 he was listed in "Total Guitar" magazine as the fourth-greatest heavy metal guitarist of all time.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: Tremonti was born on April 18, 1974, in Detroit, Michigan. He grew up in a Roman Catholic family of Italian descent in Grosse Pointe, just outside Detroit, for most of his childhood before moving to Wilmette, Illinois. He began to become enthralled with music, and bought his first guitar at the age of eleven. When he was fifteen, his family moved again to Orlando, Florida, where he enrolled in Lake Highland Preparatory School. During this time, his mother was diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus, which left Tremonti devastated.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: After graduation, he moved to Clemson, South Carolina to attend Clemson University to major in finance. After his freshman year in college, he moved back to Florida to enroll in Florida State University, where he was reunited with his then future Creed bandmate Scott Stapp, whom Tremonti had known since high school.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: Tremonti is a founding member of the American hard rock band Creed. He formed the band with lead vocalist Scott Stapp in 1994 with fellow members Brian Marshall and Scott Phillips joining as bassist and drummer, respectively. Creed is recognized by many as one of the major acts of the post-grunge movement of the late 1990s and early 2000s. Tremonti and Stapp have been collectively recognized as one of the most prolific songwriting teams in all of rock music.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: The band released their debut album "My Own Prison" in 1997 to strong mainstream success, selling over six million copies. Four singles were released from the album: "My Own Prison", "Torn", "What's This Life For", and "One". Each song reached No. 1 on "Billboard"s Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart, making Creed the first band to achieve such a feat with a debut album. "My Own Prison" was followed in 1999 by "Human Clay", which was an immediate success and certified diamond and eleven times platinum by the RIAA. The band released four singles from "Human Clay": "Higher", "With Arms Wide Open", "What If", and "Are You Ready". "Higher" spent a record-breaking 17 weeks on the top of the rock radio charts.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: Marshall left the band in 2000 due to increasing tension with Stapp and to pursue other interests. He was temporarily replaced by touring bassist Brett Hestla.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: Creed also won their first, and to date only, Grammy Award for Best Rock Song for "With Arms Wide Open" in 2001. That same year, after a tour, the band released another multi-platinum selling album, "Weathered", from which six singles were released: "My Sacrifice", "One Last Breath", "Hide", "Don't Stop Dancing", "Weathered", and "Bullets". It would be the band's only album without Marshall on bass; Tremonti handled the bass parts himself. The tour to support this record was overwhelmingly successful but ended with a considerably controversial concert in Chicago that ultimately led to the band's breakup.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: The band announced that they had disbanded in 2004, citing tension between Stapp and the other members, Tremonti in particular. The three instrumental members went on to found Alter Bridge while Stapp opted for a solo career, and Creed released their "Greatest Hits" in November 2004.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: However, after months of speculation, despite early claims from Tremonti that Creed would never return, it was announced that Creed had reunited with plans for a tour and a new album. The record, "Full Circle", was released in October 2009, accompanied by three singles, "Overcome", "Rain", and "A Thousand Faces". Though a moderate critical success, it ultimately became the band's only album to not be certified by the RIAA. Creed supported the album by touring throughout North and South America, Europe, and Australia during the summers of 2009 and 2010.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: The band released a record-breaking concert film titled "Creed Live" in December 2009. Tremonti, Marshall, and Phillips, initially planned to alternate tours between Alter Bridge and Creed with the singers of both bands working on their own projects while the other band is active.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: A fifth Creed album was expected in late 2011 or early 2012 according to Tremonti, and in early 2012 the band reconvened to tour and start work on a fifth album which never began production.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: In June 2015, while promoting his second solo album "Cauterize", Mark Tremonti claimed in interview with Kerrang that he "[hasn't] been a close friend of Scott's in 9 years". He said that Stapp thought that Tremonti, Marshall and Phillips would return to Creed permanently and forget their work with Alter Bridge. The band felt this was unfair and didn't talk any further about Creed's future during the whole South American Tour in 2012. Alter Bridge kept going at the tour's conclusion.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: Alter Bridge was formed in January 2004 by Tremonti, Marshall, and Phillips after Creed disbanded. They asked Myles Kennedy, formerly of The Mayfield Four and the future vocalist for Slash's solo project, to be their singer.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: The newly formed band released their debut album, "One Day Remains", in August 2004 on Wind-up Records. It saw mostly mixed reviews, but became Alter Bridge's only RIAA-certified album, going gold. Three singles were released from "One Day Remains": "Open Your Eyes", "Find the Real", and "Broken Wings".


title: Mark Tremonti

text: After a tour, it was followed by a second album, "Blackbird", in October 2007 on Universal Republic. "Blackbird" was met with largely positive reviews and released four singles: "Rise Today", "Ties That Bind", "Watch Over You", and "Before Tomorrow Comes". Its title track received strong acclaim from reviewers, and its guitar solo, which was performed by both Tremonti and Kennedy, was later named the greatest guitar solo of all time by "Guitarist" magazine in 2011.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: Alter Bridge embarked on a successful world tour in support of "Blackbird", recording their December 7, 2008, show at the Heineken Music Hall in Amsterdam for a live DVD titled "Live from Amsterdam".


title: Mark Tremonti

text: A single-disc version of this DVD was sold exclusively at venues during the in 2009 and on Amazon with a Blu-ray version and a deluxe DVD edition scheduled to be released later in stores. However, the distribution in stores was delayed as a result of record label issues multiple times, causing frustration amongst Alter Bridge fans and band members. It was finally released in stores in North America on January 11, 2011, after two years of delays.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: Alter Bridge's third album, "AB III", was released on October 11, 2010, in Europe and the UK on Roadrunner Records, and on November 9, 2010, in North America on Alter Bridge Recordings via EMI. A loose concept album, "AB III" has received critical acclaim, with Rick Florino from Artistdirect calling it a "sprawling masterpiece".


title: Mark Tremonti

text: Its lead single, "Isolation", reached No. 1 on active rock radio and the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks, the band's first single to do so. The band toured extensively in support of the record, with Black Stone Cherry and Like a Storm in the spring of 2011, in addition to co-headlining the second annual Carnival of Madness Tour with Theory of a Deadman. The tour continued into January 2012. Four more singles from "AB III" have since been released: "I Know It Hurts", "Ghost of Days Gone By", "Wonderful Life", and "Life Must Go On". The band also released a second concert film titled "Live at Wembley" on March 26, 2012.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: The band reunited in late 2012 and recorded from April to July 2013 their fourth album, "Fortress", released on September 30, 2013. The band reconvened in January 2016 to record their fifth studio album "The Last Hero", which was released on October 7, 2016.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: During the time that Creed was at the end of its career in the early 2000s, Tremonti had intentions to form a speed metal side project called Downshifter (with Hatebreed vocalist Jamey Jasta and Slipknot drummer Joey Jordison), but the project never got off the ground. Later, in 2008, Tremonti and his brother formed FRET12, an online musicians' community, production company, and record label, to release his 2008 instructional guitar documentary DVD titled "Mark Tremonti: The Sound & the Story", wherein he teaches all of his guitar solos from Alter Bridge's sophomore release, "Blackbird". He also teaches warm-ups, alternate tunings, finger picking style, legato techniques, and other advanced exercises.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: His DVD, which is the first in "The Sound & the Story" series of instructional DVDs, also features guest appearances from Myles Kennedy, Michael Angelo Batio, Rusty Cooley, Bill Peck, and Troy Stetina. The aforementioned series also includes DVDs by Leslie West and Troy Stetina.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: Tremonti later began expressing interest in releasing a solo album in 2010. "The bands are so different", he said of his two current main projects. "And I write so much. I'm going to do a solo record because there are some songs that I'd hate to think wouldn't see the light of day because they don't work for Creed or Alter Bridge." He plays guitar and singing lead on all of the songs himself, and former Submersed members Eric Friedman and Garrett Whitlock perform on the record as well. Tremonti described the music as "melody driven",


title: Mark Tremonti

text: In a May 2011 interview, Tremonti said that it would be a "heavier-sounding" thrash metal album. He later said that the album is "probably heavier than either Creed or Alter Bridge", and that it would have "lots of soloing".


title: Mark Tremonti

text: On January 20, 2012, Tremonti launched a website for his solo album where fans can sign up to receive news, previews, live streams, and giveaways. A list of working song titles was also included on the webpage, as well as the album title, "All I Was". He later launched a new website for his solo work after the album's release.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: It was set for a July 10, 2012 release on FRET12 Records with "You Waste Your Time" being the first single from the album, and according to "FMQB", "You Waste Your Time" would be released to active rock radio stations in May 2012.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: The entire song was made available for listening on May 6, 2012, one day before its release, on Loudwire.com. One day after its release, the song reached number 10 on the iTunes Rock Songs Chart, and Tremonti's live music video for it premiered on May 17, 2012, on Noisecreep. The album's official release date was announced on Ultimate Guitar Archive as July 17, 2012.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: His solo band originally consisted of Friedman and Whitlock alongside Alter Bridge and Creed bassist Brian Marshall playing bass guitar as a touring member. The band performed its first solo concert at The Social in Orlando, Florida, on July 17, 2012, with the performance filmed for a future video release. Wolfgang Van Halen replaced Brian Marshall as a touring bassist in September 2012.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: Tremonti recorded their second album with Wolfgang Van Halen playing bass for the 2015 release. On March 3, 2015, Tremonti released a sample of the song "Radical Change" whilst revealing the album title "Cauterize" and the track listing for the upcoming sophomore effort. On March 17, 2015, Tremonti released another song preview for the track "Flying Monkeys" and also gave a concrete release date of June 9, 2015 for "Cauterize". On March 20, 2015, Tremonti unveiled via Twitter that the first single, titled "Another Heart", was released March 24, 2015.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: On March 23, 2015, the single "Another Heart" was made available for streaming via fret12. On March 27, 2015, the artwork for "Cauterize" was revealed and it was revealed that "Cauterize" was the first of two albums to be released as the two albums were recorded together. "The second album titled "Dust" will be released in early 2016, "after [they] record the Alter Bridge record and [they] have that three or four month gap, [he]'ll be looking to tour on it to support it." Tremonti said he "wanted to make sure both albums flowed dynamically. If there were two slow moody songs, [he]'d put one on each album, same thing if there were two really heavy aggressive songs, [he] would split them up evenly. There's isn't a specific theme to one or the other. Each record is mixed" and that "it's definitely not the 'b-sides' of this album." "Dust" was released on April 29, 2016, via FRET12 records, and produced by Michael Baskette who produced Tremonti's past two records and has also produced most of Alter Bridge's records.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: Tremonti's fourth solo album, the concept album "A Dying Machine", was released on June 8, 2018, via Napalm Records. The record was once again produced by Michael Baskette. The album is accompanied by a full-length novel under the same name written by Mark Tremonti and John Shirley, tying together loose ends of the album's plot.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: Tremonti has worked with several artists since his beginning years with Creed. In 2001 he collaborated with comedian Larry the Cable Guy on his comedy album "Lord, I Apologize", on which Tremonti is credited as a performer and songwriter. Tremonti later recalled, "We had become friends a long time ago, before his career really started to take off. We joked about getting together and doing a song, and he called me up one day to say he actually wanted to do it. So he sang me his idea, and I went to record my guitar lines that day, and the record went gold."


title: Mark Tremonti

text: Tremonti later began performing in the neo-classical metal genre with guitarist Michael Angelo Batio, whose 2004 album "Hands Without Shadows" featured Tremonti as a guest musician on the Deep Purple cover "Burn". He said that he is "really good friends" with Batio, and that working with him was "an honor". Batio later appeared on Tremonti's guitar instructional DVD "The Sound & the Story" as a guest tutor. In 2009 he appeared on Batio's next album, "Hands Without Shadows 2 – Voices", performing a solo on the Metallica medley "Metallica Rules".


title: Mark Tremonti

text: In 2004, Tremonti co-produced, with Don Gilmore and Kirk Kelsey, some songs on "In Due Time" by Submersed, whom Tremonti helped get signed to Wind-up Records. Former Submersed guitarist Eric Friedman recalled his experiences with Tremonti in the studio, saying that watching him "taught us a lot as far as music and songwriting and being able to get across the things we want to get across."


title: Mark Tremonti

text: Tremonti said that producing is not "something I'd do any time soon again." He later continued working with other artists on the musical side, in 2005 with Fozzy on their album "All That Remains", performing a guitar solo on the song "The Way I Am". His Alter Bridge bandmate Myles Kennedy also appeared on the album.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: In 2008 Tremonti made two guest appearances, one with the metalcore band Bury Your Dead on their self-titled album, and another with Sevendust on the song "Hope" from "", which also featured appearances from Myles Kennedy and Chris Daughtry.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: In March 2022, Tremonti announced that he would be releasing a covers album of Frank Sinatra songs that were recorded with former members of Sinatra's band. The album, titled "Tremonti Sings Sinatra" was released on May 27, 2022, with proceeds going to the National Down Syndrome Society.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: On December 14, 2002, Tremonti married Victoria Rodriguez, with whom he has two sons, Austen and Pearson, and a daughter, Stella. They currently reside in Windermere, Florida. Tremonti's daughter Stella has Down syndrome and he supports Down syndrome charities.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: Tremonti is a collector of guitars, amplifiers, and pinball machines, and is known to enjoy playing table tennis. He is also an avid fan of reading: "Five or six years ago", he told Artistdirect, "I started going crazy reading books. Now, I can't get enough." He has listed works such as the "Song of Ice and Fire" series by George R. R. Martin, "The Book of the New Sun" by Gene Wolfe, "Old Man's War" by John Scalzi, "The First Law" trilogy by Joe Abercrombie, "The Prophet" by Kahlil Gibran, and "" by Stephen King as some of his favorites.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: One of Tremonti's brothers, Michael, is Alter Bridge's fan liaison and publicist. Another brother, Dan, has created the artwork for all of the albums by both Alter Bridge and Creed and is the president and creative director of a design/marketing company called Core Twelve. Tremonti's mother died in January 2002 and Alter Bridge's song "In Loving Memory" is a tribute to her.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. With Creed, Mark Tremonti has been nominated for three Grammy Awards resulting in one win.


title: Mark Tremonti

text: Tremonti was also named "Guitarist of the Year" for three consecutive years by "Guitar World" magazine, and in 2011 he was listed as the fourth greatest heavy metal guitarist of all time by "Total Guitar". In addition, and also in 2011, the guitar solo in the Alter Bridge song "Blackbird", which Tremonti performed with Myles Kennedy, was named the greatest guitar solo of all time by "Guitarist" magazine. In December 2019, he was named Guitarist of the Decade by "Guitar World" and was featured in its covers along with Tosin Abasi, Gary Clark Jr. and Nita Strauss who captured the next three positions respectively.


title: Johnny Test

text: Johnny Test is an animated television series created by Scott Fellows, originally produced in the United States by Warner Bros. Animation and later produced in Canada by Cookie Jar Entertainment. It premiered on Kids' WB on September 17, 2005, which continued to air the series through its second and third seasons. The rest of the series aired on Cartoon Network starting on January 7, 2008, in the United States and internationally. In Canada, the show premiered on Teletoon on September 3, 2006.


title: Johnny Test

text: The series revolves around the adventures of the title character, Johnny Test, an 11-year-old suburban boy who lives with his parents, his "super-genius" 13-year-old twin sisters, Susan and Mary, who are scientists and best friends with each other, and a talking dog named Dukey. They reside in the fictional town of Porkbelly (either in the United States or Canada). Johnny is often used as a test subject for his genius twin sisters' inventions and experiments, ranging from gadgets to superpowers. Their experiments often cause problems that he must resolve, and he must sometimes fight villains in the process. He occasionally saves the world with his sisters' inventions.


title: Johnny Test

text: In 2013, Teletoon originally announced the renewal of a 13-episode seventh season and a three-part special, but it was unproduced after the show was cancelled. However, on May 6, 2020, WildBrain confirmed that a revival series has been picked up by Netflix for two seasons and a 66-minute interactive special, which released in 2021 with Fellows returning as showrunner and executive producer.


title: Johnny Test

text: 11-year-old Johnny is part of the Test family, consisting of his 13-year-old genius twin sisters, Susan and Mary, and his over-the-top parents. His mother "Lila," is a businesswoman, and his father, "Hugh" is an obsessive-compulsive househusband. Hugh's two biggest obsessions are cleaning and cooking meatloaf. The Test Twins frequently use Johnny as a guinea pig for their various experiments and inventions in their laboratory filled with highly advanced technology built over the Tests' household attic. Most of them involve trying to impress their pretty boy-next-door neighbor, Gil, for whom both harbor a deep love and obsession, although their attempts to come up with some way to attract his attention usually fail.


title: Johnny Test

text: Johnny is a mischievous and unpredictable boy who causes many problems (often reaching within the city). His best friend is his anthropomorphic talking pet dog, Dukey, who Susan and Mary gave human-level intelligence and the ability to speak in an experiment. Because Johnny has Susan, Mary, and Dukey by his side, he can live any kid's dream, only to find that most dreams never turn out as hoped. Johnny is very hyperactive and often messes with his sisters' inventions, causing trouble and mayhem, but just as often proves himself to be clever such as frequently tricking his sisters or saving the day from whatever danger happens to show up. He is also stubborn, and like many kids, he doesn't like school; if anything, he will often go to great lengths to avoid any work, often using his sisters' inventions to do so, resulting in himself and others in trouble.


title: Johnny Test

text: One of Johnny's main nemeses is Eugene "Bling-Bling Boy" Hamilton, a fellow arch-rival of the Test sisters and frienemy of Johnny and Dukey, yet also has an unrequited crush on Susan. Another is Sissy Cutler, a tomboy who often serves as Johnny's rival/friend; the two may have crushes on each other, but both frequently deny and compete against each other. Missy, Sissy's pink labradoodle, is Dukey's rival/crush. A third is Bumper Randalls, the school bully who constantly picks on Johnny. Meanwhile, the General from the army base Area 51.1 and Mr. Black and Mr. White, two federal agents from the Super Secret Government Agency (SSGA), are shown to be close friends with the kids and often get them out of trouble or recruit them for an assignment, help them, distract, or annoy the Tests on various occasions.


title: Johnny Test

text: On February 16, 2005, Kids' WB's unveiling of its new fall schedule for the 2005–2006 television season was announced by The WB Television Network, featuring its returning series "Yu-Gi-Oh!", "Pokémon", "The Batman", and "Xiaolin Showdown", alongside four new series: "Loonatics Unleashed", "Coconut Fred's Fruit Salad Island", "", and "Johnny Test". The aforementioned schedule was announced by The WB/Kids' WB Entertainment President David Janollari, Kids' WB Senior Vice President and General Manager Betsy McGowen, speaking to advertisers and the media press during the Kids' WB upfront sales presentation in New York. "Johnny Test" was created and executively produced by Scott Fellows, who also created the Nickelodeon live-action series "Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide," "Big Time Rush", and "100 Things to Do Before High School"; Fellows had also served as the head writer for "The Fairly OddParents". The show premiered on September 17, 2005, on Kids' WB's Saturday morning lineup of its weekly fall schedule, alongside "Loonatics Unleashed" and "Coconut Fred's Fruit Salad Island". The episode pair "Johnny to the Center of the Earth" and "Johnny X" marked the series premiere.


title: Johnny Test

text: When the show first aired on Kids' WB, it performed very well in the Nielsen ratings. It ranked as the #1 broadcast program in Boys 2-11 (garnering 2.4/11), ranked as the #2 broadcast series in Kids 2-11 (gaining 2.2/10 in the process) and Girls 6-11 (2.3/11), and ultimately ranking #3 in Kids 6-11 (receiving 3.0/14). Its second season received a slightly higher number of viewers on average in the United States: 2.6 million viewers per 2nd-season episode. Its 3rd season's average number of viewers in the United States was 3.1 million viewers. Its 4th season got an average number of about 4.3 million viewers per episode in the United States. Its 5th premiere attracted over 4.7 million viewers in the United States.


title: Johnny Test

text: The series was developed for television by Aaron Simpson, with a brief, slightly longer pre-existing pilot short produced by Simpson as well, before the show was picked up as a full series by Kids' WB. Based on Episode 1A "Johnny to the Center of the Earth", the pilot episode was animated roughly in Adobe Flash, but retaining the same plot, used the same color schemes as the aforementioned episode, and was recorded with an American voice cast (retaining James Arnold Taylor as the voice of Johnny Test) instead. The original production design (including character designs, prop designs, and background designs) was created, provided, and contributed by Matt Danner and Marc Perry, and then later worked on by producer Chris Savino and art director Paul Stec at season 1. Fellows, the creator of the series who had interested the network in the series' premise, based the titular character on himself when he was a young boy; he based Johnny's twin sisters, Susan and Mary, on his own two sisters, also named Susan and Mary. In the original pilot and early promotional material of the show, Dukey was referred to as "Poochie".


title: Johnny Test

text: James Arnold Taylor said that he was not Fellows' original choice for the role of Johnny Test; he had previously voiced the lead character in the initial test pilot. After the show got picked up by Kids' WB! as a series, he was initially going to be replaced by a different voice actor, with a Canadian voice cast instead, but the studio had trouble finding Johnny's initial voice convincing for the first six episodes, so they gave Taylor back the role to redub his dialog for the rest of the first season and managed to keep him on the cast for the rest of the series. Aaron Simpson, who had developed the series and produced the pilot, was the creator and executive producer's first choice to serve as the producer of the show before he turned it down.


title: Johnny Test

text: The remainder of the first season was produced in-house by Warner Bros. Animation, but since the show was a U.S./Canada co-production, some of the animation production work was outsourced to Canadian animation studios Studio B Productions and Top Draw Animation, as well as South Korean animation production company Digital eMation, which also provided the original main title animation opening. Storyboarding of some of the episodes was done by Canadian animation studio Atomic Cartoons.


title: Johnny Test

text: Many of the original crew of the series' first production season consisted of alumni of well-known animation studios such as Cartoon Network Studios and Nickelodeon Animation Studio, as well as artists from the comic book industry, including Chris Savino, Marc Perry, Paul Stec, Matt Danner, Joe Horne, Mike Kazaleh, Brian Larsen, Jun Falkenstein, Scott Shaw!, Nora Johnson, Milton Knight, Ray Leong, Chris Battle, Casey Mitchum, Pat Ventura, John Derevlany, J.C. Cheng, Aliki Theofilopoulos, George Cox III, Frederick J. Gardner III, Allan Penny, Justin Schultz, Christopher D. Lozinski, Dane Taylor and Rita Cooper. The original version of the show's theme song and all of its underscores were both written, composed and conducted by Kevin Manthei, with creator Scott Fellows having written and provided the lyrics to the theme song. Voice recording was provided by Voicebox Productions, with voice direction by Terry Klassen.


title: Johnny Test

text: The merger of UPN and The WB into The CW Television Network had resulted in many budget cuts for the show, leading to the show being put on hiatus. Cookie Jar Entertainment, another Canada-based entertainment company, under their then-new action-adventure brand Coliseum, who previously had production assistance in the first season, decided to take control of the series' production. Due to this change, the writers, storyboarders, and art crew who worked on the first season were let go, resulting in an entirely new crew managing the show. Also, the budget of the show dropped dramatically, leading to seasons two and three of the show being animated in Adobe Flash by Collideascope Digital Productions. The show's opening theme was later changed for the rest of the series, with it being made of recycled episode footage. On March 1, 2008, the episode pair "Johnny X: A New Beginning" and "Johnny X: The Final Ending" aired. It was originally intended as the series finale; however, the series was renewed for a fourth season. Although Warner Bros. left the series' production, the credits still listed Warner Bros. as the trademark owner of Johnny Test so far until the last season.


title: Johnny Test

text: The fourth season was animated at Atomic Cartoons with animation assistance from Seventoon Inc. and Philippine Animators Group Inc., which are both located in the Philippines. It finally premiered in high-definition on Teletoon on September 10, 2009, and on Cartoon Network in the U.S. on November 9, 2009. Later, on August 24, 2010, it was announced that the "Johnny Test" was renewed for a fifth season. As the fourth season before it, it would be a full set of 26 episodes with a 27th episode added to the end; the renewal brought the series total to 92 episodes. The fifth season premiered on Cartoon Network in America on June 13, 2011, along with a new theme sequence with the same song used from seasons 2–4. Starting with the fifth season, Trevor Devall would become the new voice of Dukey, due to Louis Chirillo leaving the series. Similarly, Ashleigh Ball retired as the voice of Mary, Sissy, and Missy at the end of the 4th season, due to her work on "" as the voice of Applejack and Rainbow Dash; as a result, she was replaced by Brittney Wilson, Mary's original voice.


title: Johnny Test

text: On March 12, 2012, it was announced that the show had been renewed for a sixth season. Like the fourth and fifth season before it, it would again be a full set of 26 episodes; the renewal brought the series total to 117 episodes. Ashleigh Ball also returned for the roles in this season. The sixth season premiered on Cartoon Network in America on April 23, 2013. With this season, the show reached its 100th episode (and 200th segment), making it one of Teletoon's longest-running original series ("Total Drama" had produced 117 episodes and two specials, while "Totally Spies!" was co-produced between Seasons 3–5).


title: Johnny Test

text: On May 1, 2020, over a year after the announcement, the Johnny Test YouTube channel premiered the first episode of the web shorts ""League of Johnnys"" on May 2, 2020. Currently 15 episodes has been revealed.


title: Johnny Test

text: In May 2020, the show was picked up by Netflix for two additional seasons, along with an interactive special. The series has an updated look, provided by Stephen Silver, and was released on July 16, 2021.


title: Johnny Test

text: "Johnny Test" premiered in the United States on September 17, 2005, on The WB's Saturday morning block, Kids' WB. One year later, it aired on Teletoon in Canada on September 8, 2006. During the second season, The WB and UPN merged into The CW, which aired the second and third seasons; the latter season premiered on September 22, 2007, and concluded on March 1, 2008. On January 7, 2008, the show debuted on Cartoon Network, which aired the remainder of the series, and ended on December 25, 2014.


title: Johnny Test

text: NCircle Entertainment has released five DVDs. "Johnny Test: Johnny & Dukey" and "Johnny vs. Bling Bling Boy" were released on December 23, 2008. "Johnny X and Super Pooch" was released on August 11, 2009, "Extreme Johnny" was released on December 1, 2009, and "Game Time" was released on May 4, 2010.


title: Johnny Test

text: On February 21, 2008, Liberation Entertainment released the complete first season on DVD in the UK, but as of 2012, no more seasons have been released in a Region 2 format.


title: Johnny Test

text: On January 4, 2011, it was announced that Mill Creek Entertainment had acquired the rights to the series, under license from DHX Media. They have subsequently released the first four seasons on DVD in Region 1. The fifth season was released on May 5, 2015, and the first five seasons (with all discs from the separate season sets) were released on September 1, 2015.


title: Johnny Test

text: Joly Herman of Common Sense Media had written and posted a review of "Johnny Test" on Go.com, at the time of the show's original debut on Kids' WB. In the review, Herman indicated that the series "is an age-appropriate choice for kids" and was "surprisingly inventive and not as violent as other cartoons in this genre", adding, "The only thing worth mentioning: All the experiments Johnny undergoes are unattended by adults, which allows all types of zany plots to unfold." Herman gave the show three stars out of five.


title: Johnny Test

text: In 2006, the first season of the series was nominated for Outstanding Sound Editing - Live Action and Animation at the 33rd Daytime Emmy Awards and a Golden Reel Award for Best Sound Editing in Television Animation (for the episode pair, "Deep Sea Johnny" and "Johnny and the Amazing Turbo Action Backpack") at Motion Picture Sound Editors, USA. In 2007, the second season of the show won a Gemini Award for Best Direction in a Children's or Youth Program or Series (for the episode pair, "Saturday Night's Alright for Johnny" and "Johnny's Mint Chip") and in 2008, the third season was nominated for another Gemini Award, this time for Best Original Music Score for an Animated Program or Series (for the episode pair, "Johnny vs. Bling-Bling 3" and "Stinkin' Johnny"); finally, in 2010, the show, in its fourth season, was nominated once more for yet another Gemini Award, this time wholly for Best Animated Program or Series (for the episode pair, "Johnny Cakes" and "Johnny Tube") and had been awarded a Grand Prize for Best Program - All Categories at the Alliance for Children and Television's 2009 Gala award ceremony, which ultimately marks the series' owner, Cookie Jar's first ACT award.


title: Johnny Test

text: Cookie Jar had partnered with restaurant chain CKE Restaurants to offer a promotional "Johnny Test" toy campaign at its Carl's Jr. and Hardee's restaurants in the U.S. and Mexico, one of the four custom-designed premiums with the purchase of their Cool Kids Combo meals; The campaign ran from June 28, 2010, through until August 24, 2010, with Carl's Jr. also having subsequently presented a "Johnny Test" soccer-themed promotion in Mexico, which lasted June 7 – July 25, 2010, to coincide with the country's World Cup activities. Philippines-based fried chicken chain Jollibee advertised a similar toy campaign in their Kids' Meals as well, in the form of their "Amazing Adventure Chasers" mini-toyline. In 2014, DHX Media signed a master toy license with Imports Dragon.


title: Johnny Test

text: On January 21, 2010, another partnership had emerged between Cookie Jar Entertainment and the mobile application developer Jirbo that resulted in two "Johnny Test" video games produced by the developer and made available exclusively for download from iTunes, for free and for the iPhone, iPod Touch and iPad. The first game, "Johnny Test: Clone Zapper", finds Johnny Test and Dukey engaged to combat an army of Johnny clones they accidentally created from a clone machine, with the help of two special laser zapper guns as their only weapons to defeat the clones and destroy them personally, and the second game, "Johnny Test: Bot Drop", sees Johnny, Dukey and the Test twins going on a rescue chase, with Johnny and Dukey both piloting a bot drop plane to use the robot clones of Johnnies (first seen in "101 Johnnies") for the titular "Bot Drops" to eject them to safety in a moving rescue vehicle driven by Susan and Mary. In the plot of that latter aforementioned game, and like in each level of the game before it, Johnny has to aim and time to drop the robots so they will land safely onto the vehicle, then Johnny Test has saved the day once again. Both games are typical shoot-slinging and side-scrolling games that in all utilize the iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad's unique multi-touch capabilities and scrolling, and, as a whole, players of both games can compete for worldwide high scores list of each level of the game and competitive players. Later in Spring of 2011, the series was finally officially licensed by Cookie Jar for a new third, and fully console-handled video game, this time, however, to come out on Nintendo DS; a sneak preview and trailer of the game had been already included on the complete first and second seasons DVD set and was released on March 29, 2011.


title: Johnny Test

text: Viper Comics announced in April 2011 that they would be publishing a Johnny Test graphic novel along with another Cookie Jar Group property, "Inspector Gadget". The book was subsequently published with the title "Johnny Test: The Once and Future Johnny".


title: Panties

text: Panties (in American English; also called pants, undies, or knickers in British English) are a form of women's underwear. Panties can be form-fitting or loose. Typical components include an elastic waistband, a crotch panel to cover the genitalia (usually lined with absorbent material such as cotton), and a pair of leg openings that, like the waistband, are often made of elastomer. Various materials are used, but are usually chosen to be breathable.


title: Panties

text: Panties are made of a variety of materials, including cotton, lace, latex, leather, lycra, mesh, nylon, PVC, polyester, rawhide, satin, and silk. Construction typically consists of two pieces (front and rear) that are joined by seams at the crotch and sides; an additional gusset is often in the crotch, with the waistband and leg-openings made from elastomer.


title: Panties

text: The earliest known use of underwear that resembles modern panties dates back to 4,400 B.C. during the Badari period in Egypt.


title: Panties

text: In the United Kingdom, Ireland, South Africa, Malaysia, Singapore and occasionally in other Commonwealth countries such as Australia and New Zealand, panties may be referred to as "undies", "knickers", or simply pants. The last of which is a gender neutral term and can be used for either male or female underwear bottoms, the American English equivalent being underpants. "Knickers" can also refer to male underwear, while the word panties generally refers only to female underwear. In Australia, male underpants are often referred to as "undies", although the word can also refer to panties.


title: Panties

text: Panties are classified into various styles based on criteria such as the amount of rear coverage, width at the sides and height at which they are worn. These categories are not necessarily distinct and usage may vary somewhat among brands:


title: Second lieutenant

text: Second lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces, comparable to NATO OF-1 rank.


title: Second lieutenant

text: The rank of second lieutenant existed in the military forces of the Australian colonies and Australian Army until 1986.


title: Second lieutenant

text: In the colonial forces, which closely followed the practices of the British military, the rank of second lieutenant began to replace ranks such as ensign and cornet from 1871.


title: Second lieutenant

text: New appointments to the rank of second lieutenant ceased in the regular army in 1986. Immediately prior to this change, the rank had been effectively reserved for new graduates from the Officer Cadet School, Portsea which closed in 1985. (Graduates of the Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA) and the Royal Military College, Duntroon (RMC-D) are commissioned as lieutenants.). The rank of second lieutenant is only appointed to officers in special appointments such as training institutions, university regiments and while under probation during training. Trainees undertaking Special Service Officer (SSO) training are also appointed at higher rank (as second lieutenants) than General Service Officer (GSO) trainees who start off at the rank of officer cadet (ADFA/Australian Army Reserve officer trainees) or staff cadet (Royal Military College, Duntroon).


title: Second lieutenant

text: Ranks equivalent to second lieutenant are acting sub-lieutenant in the Royal Australian Navy and pilot officer in the Royal Australian Air Force.


title: Second lieutenant

text: The Canadian Forces adopted the rank with insignia of a single gold ring around the service dress uniform cuff for both army and air personnel upon unification in 1968 until the late 2000s. For a time, naval personnel used this rank but reverted to the Royal Canadian Navy rank of acting sub-lieutenant, though the CF green uniform was retained until the mid-1980s. Currently, the Canadian Army insignia for second lieutenant is a "pip" and the Royal Canadian Air Force insignia for lieutenant is one thick braid. The equivalent rank for the Royal Canadian Navy is acting sub-lieutenant. Also known as an Ensign in the Foot Guards units (Canadian Grenadier Guards & Governor General's Foot Guards).


title: Second lieutenant

text: A second-lieutenant is equivalent to a junior commissioned officer (the French army does not use the terms commissioned or non-commissioned). During classes at officer training schools such as Saint Cyr the cadets rise quickly through the non-commissioned ranks of private, corporal, sergeant and reach the rank of "aspirant" which is the first officer rank. After additional training at specialised schools they get the bar of second-lieutenant. The insignia consists of a metal-colored bar in accordance with the color of the ceremonial uniform buttons and hat symbol.


title: Second lieutenant

text: For example, for the infantry, gold being the metal of the ceremonial dress buttons, the symbol on the béret being a golden grenade with two crossed rifles, and the symbol on the "képi" being a single golden grenade, therefore the insignia of a "sous-lieutenant" is a gold-colored bar.


title: Second lieutenant

text: For cavalry or forest rangers (light infantry mobilised from the Water and Forests Corp), ceremonial dress buttons were silver, as was the hunting horn on the forest commissioned officer's "képi", therefore the insignia of a "sous-lieutenant" is a silver-colored bar.


title: Second lieutenant

text: In Indonesia, "second lieutenant" is known as "letnan dua" ("letda") which is the most junior ranked officer in the Indonesian Military. Officers in the Indonesian National Armed Forces are commissioned through one of four major commissioning programs. Upon graduation the candidates are promoted to the rank of second lieutenant, thus becoming commissioned officers. The four programs are:


title: Second lieutenant

text: Like many other Commonwealth countries, the rank structures of the New Zealand Defence Force usually follow British traditions. Hence the New Zealand Army maintains a rank of second lieutenant and the Royal New Zealand Air Force has its exact equivalent, pilot officer.


title: Second lieutenant

text: However, the Royal New Zealand Navy breaks with British tradition and uses the name ensign for its most junior commissioned officer rank (rather than the usual equivalents, such as acting sub-lieutenant or second lieutenant).


title: Second lieutenant

text: The Pakistan Army follows the British pattern of ranks. A second lieutenant is represented by one metal pip on each shoulder in case of "khaki uniform" and one diamond star on the chest in case of camouflage combat dress. However a second lieutenant in the Pakistan Army is usually promoted to lieutenant 6 months after commissioning. Test for 2nd lieutenant is held every year twice in Pakistan. It is the smallest rank among commissioned officers.


title: Second lieutenant

text: In the Armed Forces of the Philippines, the rank of second lieutenant is the lowest commissioned officer rank used by the Philippine Army, Philippine Air Force and the Philippine Marine Corps. It stands below the rank of First Lieutenant.


title: Second lieutenant

text: In Singapore, the rank of second lieutenant (2LT) is awarded to officer cadets who have graduated from the completion of their officer cadet course, and is the lowest commissioned rank in the Singapore Armed Forces, below the rank of lieutenant and above the rank of chief warrant officer. The rank insignia of a second lieutenant is a bar.


title: Second lieutenant

text: The rank of second lieutenant (2Lt) was introduced throughout the British Army in 1877 to replace the short-lived rank of sub-lieutenant, although it had long been used in the Royal Artillery, Royal Engineers, Fusilier and Rifle regiments. At first the rank bore no distinct insignia. In 1902, a single Bath star was introduced; the ranks of lieutenant and captain had their number of stars increased by one to (respectively) two and three. The rank is also used by the Royal Marines.


title: Second lieutenant

text: New British Army officers are normally commissioned as second lieutenants at the end of their commissioning course at RMA Sandhurst, and continue with specific training with their units. Progression to lieutenant rank usually occurs after about a year. In the British armed forces, "second lieutenant" is a rank which is not used as a form of address. Instead a second lieutenant named, for example, "Smith" is addressed and referred to as "Mr Smith", with the exception that the alternative titles "ensign" (Foot Guards) and "cornet" (in the Blues and Royals and Queen's Royal Hussars) are still used.


title: Second lieutenant

text: In the Royal Air Force, the comparable rank is pilot officer. The Royal Navy has no exact equivalent rank, and a second lieutenant is senior to a Royal Navy midshipman but junior to a sub-lieutenant.


title: Second lieutenant

text: In the United States, second lieutenant is the normal entry-level rank for most commissioned officers in the Army, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Space Force. It is equivalent to the rank of ensign in the Navy, Coast Guard, Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps.


title: Second lieutenant

text: In the Army and Marine Corps, a second lieutenant typically leads a platoon-size element (16 to 44 soldiers or marines). In the Army, until December 1917, the rank bore no insignia other than a brown sleeve braid on blouses and an officer's cap device and hat cord. In December 1917, a gold-colored bar similar to the silver-colored bar of a first lieutenant was introduced. In US military slang, the rank is sometimes called "butterbar" in reference to the insignia.


title: Flag of Sweden

text: The national flag of Sweden () consists of a yellow or gold Nordic cross (i.e. a horizontal cross extending to the edges, with the crossbar closer to the hoist than the fly) on a field of light blue. The Nordic cross design traditionally represents Christianity. The design and colours of the Swedish flag are believed to have been inspired by the present coat of arms of Sweden of 1442, which is blue divided quarterly by a cross pattée of gold, and modelled on the Danish flag. Blue and yellow have been used as Swedish colours at least since Magnus III's royal coat of arms of 1275.


title: Flag of Sweden

text: The Swedish flag is one of only five that use the ratio 5:8, the others being Argentina, Guatemala, Palau, and Poland.


title: Flag of Sweden

text: It is one of only four flags that currently use the colour scheme of blue and yellow, the others being Kazakhstan, Palau, and Ukraine.


title: Flag of Sweden

text: The dimensions of the Swedish flag are 5:2:9 horizontally and 4:2:4 vertically. The dimensions of the Swedish flag with a triple-tail are 5:2:5:8 horizontally and 4:2:4 vertically. The colours of the flag are officially established through the Natural Color System to be NCS 0580-Y10R for the shade of yellow, and NCS 4055-R95B for the shade of blue. They are also specified to Pantone "PMS 301 C/U" for blue and "PMS 116" or "PMS 109 U" for yellow. The square-cut Swedish state flag is identical to the civil ensign. The Swedish law does not regulate the design of the Swedish pennant, but it is recommended that its colour scheme should correspond with that of the flag.