title: Trance (2020 film)

text: In a March 2016 interview, Fahadh Faasil revealed that he would be acting in Anwar Rasheed's next directorial and its subject is fresh that has never been attempted in Malayalam cinema. "Trance" was officially announced with a title poster in June 2017. The film was produced by Rasheed himself. The film marks the debut of Vincent Vadakkan as screenwriter. Rasheed was earlier supposed to direct a short in "5 Sundarikal" (2013) based on the screenplay by Vadakkan. But it did not work out as he did not get the right cast. Later, Vadakkan narrated the story of "Trance", but then he was not ready to produce the film because of its high production cost. Rasheed had Fahadh in mind for the lead role then itself. Later, Fahadh happened to hear the story from Vadakkan and insisted Rasheed to reconsider the project. By then, the storyline had changed and bankability of Fahadh had also grown and Rasheed was confident in producing the film.


title: Trance (2020 film)

text: Filming began in July 2017. A week-long first schedule of filming was completed in December 2017 in Mumbai. For the first time in Malayalam cinema, Bolt High Speed Cinebot cameras were used to shoot some scenes in the film. The film is shot with sync sound. The film was shot mainly in coastal Kanyakumari, across various locations in India and Dubai. In July 2019, it as reported that "Trance" is expected to cost close to ₹20 crore when it completes production. Amal Neerad was the cinematographer and Resul Pookutty was the film's sound designer. Filming was completed on 1 September 2019. The film was made on a budget of ₹35 crore.


title: Trance (2020 film)

text: The film deals with the themes of substance dependence, religion, and the commercialization of spirituality. In an interview with "The Hindu", Faasil said the film "is about dependency, be it on drugs, religion or emotions. Religion has become a business these days. [...] What we are trying to say in "Trance" is that humanity and compassion come above religion."


title: Trance (2020 film)

text: Vineeth Chacko of "The Deccan Herald" said the film depicted how "a struggle with depression, unmonitored ingestion of antidepressants and an illusory lifestyle can combine to tear away the seams between dreams and reality ... Viju has bought into his own hype and has come to believe on some level in his incredible miracles." The film studies the intersection between science and faith, dealing "with two kinds of drugs — the psychotropic sort (both legal and illegal) and religion/faith. If the first is being developed by scientists in laboratories, Trance shows us how religion too can be manufactured, not at temples or churches as one might think, but at five-star hotel lobbies (the lobby in the film looks like it’s the abode of Gods) with a “we-mean-business” attitude you'd associate with a startup pitch or a job interview." Writing for "Silverscreen India", Aswathy Gopalakrishnan said that the film showcased "the green room of the controversial faith-healing business that exploits gullible masses." Critics also noted allusions to godmen such as Osho and Benny Hinn.


title: Trance (2020 film)

text: Film critic Baradwaj Rangan observed that "Christian symbolism spills over from every frame", citing Joshua Carlton's initials, his third-day "resurrection" and the Holy Trinity of businessmen as examples. Characters in the film also drew parallels to biblical and mythological figures, such as Esther to Mary Magdelene, Solomon to his namesake, Matthews to Icarus, and Thomas to Abraham and later to the Grim Reaper.


title: Trance (2020 film)

text: The soundtrack album was composed and produced by Rex Vijayan's brother Jackson Vijayan, in his debut as a music composer. Vijayan also contributed to the film score along with Sushin Shyam. The album features a title track composed by Vinayakan TK. The album which was released under the Muzik 247 label on 15 January 2020, features six tracks along with the title track with lyrics written by Vinayak Sasikumar for most of the tracks, with Kamal Karthik and Blaaze providing additional lyrics. Actor Soubin Shahir, made his debut as a playback singer, rendering the track "Mathayichan" along with Sreenath Bhasi and Blaze. The track "Noolupoya" was served as the lead single which released on 3 January 2020. Sneha Khanwalkar, Pradeep Kumar, Varun Sunil, Neha S. Nair, Shakthisree Gopalan, Rex Vijayan amongst others contributed vocals for the soundtrack album.


title: Trance (2020 film)

text: The film's release was postponed multiple times. It was initially scheduled to be released on 22 March 2019. Then there were plans to release the film during Eid al-Fitr (5 June 2019), but was later shifted to Onam festival (11 September 2019) due to pending visual effects work. It was again scheduled to release on 20 December 2019, coinciding with the Christmas festival, before postponing to February 2020 due to delay in post-production work. Then it was scheduled to 14 February 2020 on Valentine's Day. But the regional Central Board of Film Certification in Thiruvananthapuram referred the film to a revising committee in Mumbai since Rasheed was not willing to cut a 17-minute long sequence that could hurt religious sentiments. On 15 February 2020, the film was leaked on the website Tamil Rockers a week ahead of its release. The film was released in Kerala on 20 February 2020. The film could not get much collection due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the negative response among audiences.


title: Trance (2020 film)

text: It was screened at 51st International Film Festival of India in January 2021 in Indian Panorama section.


title: Trance (2020 film)

text: Vineeth T. Chacko of "Deccan Herald" gave 4.5 in a scale of 5, entitled as "A thought-provoking daze" and said: ""Trance" is another such effort that is courageous, thought-provoking and encourages conversations about issues that matter to us on a personal level and speaks to society as a whole. An avant-garde achievement in filmmaking anchored by a sublime Fahadh". He applauds the film score, lighting and color palette. Goutham V. S. of "The Indian Express" rated 3.5 in 5 and said: "The abstract style of filmmaking, and the narrative structure that visualises the complex layers of the protagonist’s psycho is bound to make "Trance" a trendsetter in the Malayalam film industry ... Fahadh steals the limelight by portraying a character that is hysteric and disturbing at the same time". He also praised the "vivid visualisation, colour tones and the brilliant use of sounds" and cinematography and background score. Critic from "Sify" also rated 3.5 in 5, describing the film "bold and thrilling", writing ""Trance" is a genuine and brave attempt that is gripping from start to finish ... Anwar has packaged the movie deliciously, adding lots of emotions, in an honest way. With top notch visuals, music and sound the viewer is in for a grand experience ... But in a way, this film belongs to Fahadh Faasil, who is absolutely brilliant".


title: Trance (2020 film)

text: Prem Udayabhanu from "Malayala Manorama" gave 3.5 in 5, stating that "it is psychedelic and vibrant, flamboyant and gripping ... "Trance" is magical, hysterical and depressing and you need to transcend the mundane line of cinematic offerings to relish it". He praised the sound design, background score and cinematography. Rating 3.5 out of 5, Sajin Shrijith of "The New Indian Express" said: "If you are into films with a slightly eccentric touch, you may find yourself overwhelmed by the overall audio-visual experience ... Anwar Rasheed, cinematographer Amal Neerad, editor Praveen Prabhakar, and composers Sushin Shyam-Jackson Vijayan keep us hooked by delivering a film that feels part-dream, part-nightmare. However, post-interval, you begin to sense "Trance" losing some of the potency established in the first half".


title: Trance (2020 film)

text: Cris from "The News Minute" also gave 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote that "Fahadh delivers a great performance ... Anwar's filmmaking keeps you engaged the entire first half during which a captivating story begins to unfold. The last half does not keep up to the first, scenes that you enjoyed earlier becoming stretched, almost like you took a pill yourself and everything seems to take too long. But it doesn't let you down, with some excellent performances coming from a very promising cast". Sanjith Sidhardhan of "The Times of India" awarded 3.5 out of 5 stars and stated: "Fahadh as a subdued Viju and the flamboyant Joshua is the maniacal energy that drives the film ... Director Anwar gets the first half absolutely right in its pacing and content. However, the second half of the script, by Vincent Vadakkan, loses steam with the plot then almost reflecting Joshua's mindset in those scenes. The makers seem to have chosen style over substance in the latter half". He praised the cinematography and background score.


title: Trance (2020 film)

text: Rating 2.5 in 5, Nirmal Jovial from "The Week" wrote that ""Trance" is definitely a bold attempt for its theme, as far as Malayalam cinema is concerned. But it fails to do justice to the theme it explores with its weak script that becomes so cluttered and confused towards the third act", but praised the cinematography. S. R. Praveen of "The Hindu" called it "a half-baked attempt", stating "the first half of the film, which captures this transformation is gripping, owing much to Fahadh's performance, ... The film attains its high by the interval point, almost having the viewer in a trance ... Unfortunately, from there, the script goes downhill. One gets to see the writer taking the easy way out at crucial points, bumping off-key characters in a tame manner and depending on the usual television newsbreaks to untangle tricky situations". Critic Veeyen states that "‘Trance’ does address a theme that is radically important and proffers a compelling investigation into the unexplored realms of religion, faith and belief." But he adds that .."it's also a movie that eventually gets choked by the mistiness that pervades its plot and design, and ends up a pale shadow of the head turner flick that it should have been.


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: Live with Kelly and Ryan (or simply Live) is an American syndicated morning talk show hosted by Kelly Ripa and Ryan Seacrest. Executive produced by Michael Gelman, the "Live with..." show formula has aired under various hosts since 1983 locally on WABC-TV in New York City and 1988 nationwide. , it is produced by WABC.


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: With roots in "A.M. Los Angeles" and "A.M. New York", "Live" began as "The Morning Show", hosted by Regis Philbin and Cyndy Garvey; the show rose to national prominence as "Live with Regis and Kathie Lee" when Philbin was joined by Kathie Lee Gifford. That incarnation of the program ran for 12 years and continued as "Live with Regis and Kelly" for another decade before Ripa, after hosting with guest co-hosts for nearly a year, was paired with former NFL star Michael Strahan. The franchise has had longstanding success and has won the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Talk Show and Outstanding Talk Show Hosts. On January 19, 2016, the show was renewed through the 2019–20 season. On February 12, 2016, a special episode focused on Ripa's 15 years as part of the program. On April 18, 2016, Strahan and ABC announced that he was leaving the show to join ABC's "Good Morning America" full-time. On May 1, 2017, it was announced that Ryan Seacrest would join Ripa as her new permanent co-host, succeeding Strahan.


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: Executive producer Michael Gelman said in 1993, "The real concept of the show, in a symbolic sense, is that they are husband and wife. They have their coffee mugs and they're chit-chatting about what's going on." That is the basis of the show's signature "Host Chat", an unscripted on-air conversation between the co-hosts that opens each show. Following Host Chat is a trivia segment in which the show telephones a home viewer, who must answer a question (usually about a guest on a recent show) to win a vacation for themselves and a door prize for a member of the studio audience. The show then continues with interviews with celebrity guests, musical performances, and other recurring segments, including regular features showcasing fashion, food, health, and lifestyle topics.


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: The husband and wife breakfast chat program was popular in old time radio, beginning with Ed and Pegeen Fitzgerald, and later Dick Kollmar and Dorothy Kilgallen and Tex McCrary and Jinx Falkenburg. Parodied by Woody Allen in his film "Radio Days", these programs were popular locally in New York, and Philbin would have heard them growing up.


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: The format of "Live!" has been emulated by other successful talk shows such as the British programmes "This Morning" and "Today with Des and Mel". However, it has also proven to be resilient against similarly formatted talk shows from other syndicators or networks, seeing programs such as "George & Alana", "Donny & Marie", "Living It Up! With Ali & Jack", "The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet", and "Anderson Live" all launch and end in short periods of time throughout its entire run, and fail to make any headway in the traditional 9 a.m. local time slot "Live!" has been traditionally slotted in for most markets.


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: The show is broadcast live from New York City, on weekdays at 9 a.m. for stations in the Eastern Time Zone, and is tape-delayed for the rest of the country. Although the program is generally associated with the ABC network and airs on all ABC owned-and-operated stations, in many markets the program is syndicated to stations affiliated with other networks. "Live" did not air in a morning timeslot on all ABC-owned stations until September 2013, as WLS-TV in Chicago programmed the 9 a.m. timeslot with "The Oprah Winfrey Show" (WLS-TV was the originating station for the program in the 1980s), then "Windy City Live" after "Oprah" concluded its run in 2011. Although WLS-TV had carried the New York-based "Live" in an overnight timeslot earlier in its run, the show aired on other Chicago stations, including WGN-TV from 2002 through 2013.


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: Guinness World Record Breaker Week, New York Auto Show Week, Broadway Week, and Top Teacher Week are examples of features frequently visited on the show, highlighting a different aspect of the theme everyday that week. "Live" will also invite "whiz kids" to oppose the co-hosts at spelling, athletics, mathematics, sport stacking, and technology, among other tasks. A recurring gag with Philbin as co-host was him challenging seniors—preferably over the age of 100—at tennis, basketball, ping-pong, and bowling, for example. Regular contributors to the show include toy enthusiast Chris Byrne, style maven Lawrence Zarian, animal expert Peter Gros, automotive expert Alan Taylor, pediatrician Greg Yapalater, home and gardening show host Katie Brown, technology specialist Leo Laporte, entrepreneur Carley Roney, Science Bob, veterinarian Jennifer Jellison, and nutrition expert Wendy Bazilian.


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: The show has hosted a number of specials over the years since it began. Specials have included a Halloween celebration in which the co-hosts wore dozens of costumes and portrayed some of the most famous and infamous names in pop culture.


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: In February 2011, "Live" threw a wedding for a couple who wrote in with reasons why they should be married on the show. Viewer submissions have also been accepted for their "Moms Dream Come True Special," where the co-hosts pay tribute to a select group of mothers. The show has aired a Post-Oscar Special the day after the awards ceremony live from the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood.


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: "Live" has been to eight countries and nearly 25 states, logging . The list of remotes includes: Tampa, Hawaii, Monaco, Banff, San Antonio, Aspen, Walt Disney World, New Orleans, Disneyland, Las Vegas, San Francisco, Paris, Detroit, Chicago, The Bronx, Los Angeles, the USS "Intrepid", Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Maui, Prince Edward Island, London, Scottsdale, the White House, Charlotte, Churchill Downs, Niagara Falls, Puerto Rico, Marina del Rey, Philadelphia, Branson, Mount Rushmore, The Bahamas, and the Dolby Theatre's set for the 85th Academy Awards.


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: "The Morning Show", co-hosted by Regis Philbin and Cyndy Garvey, premiered locally on WABC-TV in New York on April 4, 1983. In 1984, Garvey left the show and Philbin hired Ann Abernathy, whom he remembered from his time at KABC for her engaging personality, to assume the co-host duties. After Abernathy got married and decided to return to Los Angeles, Kathie Lee Johnson (later Gifford) joined Philbin officially on June 24, 1985. Their chemistry proved to be successful as "The Morning Show" soon became number 1 in the market and went on to debut in national syndication on September 5, 1988, when the title was changed to "Live with Regis and Kathie Lee".


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: Early on, "Live" matched its local success with impressive national ratings and established itself as a dominant fixture in American television. "Entertainment Weekly" described Regis Philbin and Kathie Lee Gifford as "an agreeable mismatch" and their famous banter as "playful, edgy, and amusing." Gifford's positivity throughout public scandals such as the 1996 accusation that her clothing line was being run under sweatshop conditions and her husband Frank Gifford's 1997 affair with a flight attendant resonated with the female demographic of the show, but ultimately made her a media target prompting her emotional departure on July 28, 2000. "Over a third of my life has been [at "Live"]," she said. "This is family. It is been an amazing journey." Gifford appeared on "Live! with Regis and Kelly" on three occasions, for the show's 20th Anniversary special on September 14, 2007, to promote her book "Just When I Thought I'd Dropped My Last Egg: Life and Other Calamities" on April 14, 2009, and again as a guest to bid farewell to Philbin on his second to last show, November 17, 2011. Gifford went on to host the fourth hour of "Today" with Hoda Kotb; that show mainly airs an hour after "Live!" in most markets, though a few markets where both shows air at 10:00 a.m. against each other do exist.


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: When looking for Gifford's replacement, Philbin and executive producer Michael Gelman teamed Philbin with a handful of potential co-hosts, including Joy Philbin, Kathleen Murphy, Rosie O'Donnell, Jann Carl, Whoopi Goldberg, Kathy Fountain, Gloria Estefan, Jillian Reynolds, Lisa Rinna, Caroline Rhea and Suzanne Sena. This met with positive fan response and a 26 percent ratings increase. Philbin won his first Daytime Emmy Award for "Live" during the six-month period, which he would go on to win twice with co-host Kelly Ripa. Ripa had auditioned four months into the search, on November 1, 2000. Ripa was announced as the official replacement on February 5, 2001.


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: "Live! with Regis and Kelly's" young-audience demographics increased by 80 percent, with Ripa credited for bringing "a new life to the show." Seven months into Philbin and Ripa's run, the September 11 attacks on the United States occurred, with coverage beginning twelve minutes before that day's episode would have started. The show was pre-empted for a week following the attacks and returned September 18, 2001.


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: They hosted the annual Disney Parks Christmas Day Parade during this era. Philbin had hip surgery in 2009. Nick Cannon replaced him as the host for that Christmas special. Ryan Seacrest took over for Philbin in 2010. Ripa had a stress fracture, so Maria Menounos took over for her as the co-hostess.


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: Shortly after celebrating his and Ripa's 10th anniversary together, Philbin announced on January 18, 2011, that he would leave "Live!". The show then held a "Regis Farewell Celebration Season", showcasing Philbin's top moments from his 28 years on the program, 1983–2011. His final show aired November 18, 2011.


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: After Philbin's departure, the show was renamed "Live! with Kelly". Joining Ripa were various co-hosts from broadcasting and entertainment. On November 21, 2011, Jerry Seinfeld was the first of 60 men and women to join Ripa at the co-host desk, including: Reggie Bush, Kyle MacLachlan, Russell Brand, Howie Mandel, Carl Edwards, Chris Harrison, Daniel Radcliffe, Michael Buckley, Michael Catherwood, Rob Lowe, Martin Short, Neil Patrick Harris, Peter Facinelli, Boomer Esiason, Ben Mulroney, Dan Abrams, Rob Thomas, David Duchovny, Pat Kiernan, Derek Hough, D. L. Hughley, Jesse Palmer, Carson Kressley, Carrie Ann Inaba, Mark Feuerstein, Jim Parsons, Nick Lachey, Jonah Hill, Michael Strahan, Apolo Anton Ohno, Joel McHale, Cat Deeley, Tyler Perry, Andy Cohen, Alec Baldwin, Josh Groban, Jerry O'Connell, Seth Meyers, Mike Greenberg, Kristin Chenoweth, Andy Samberg, Mark Consuelos, Lucy Liu, Taye Diggs, Randy Jackson, Mario Lopez, Matthew Broderick, Mary J. Blige, Ed Robertson, Michael Bublé, Matthew Morrison, Kevin Jonas, Tony Potts, Dana Carvey, Jimmy Kimmel, Kim Kardashian, L.A. Reid, Bryant Gumbel, Daniel Dae Kim, Jussie Smollett and Sam Champion.


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: In April 2012, "Live!" debuted a new set described as a "contemporary downtown-style loft, spacious and yet maintaining the studio's warmth and intimacy." It was the first major set re-design since the start of the show's 10th season in national syndication (1997–98).


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: In July 2012, "People" magazine reported that Meyers, Groban and Strahan were the top three contenders in the running to replace Philbin.


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: On the September 4, 2012, episode, Michael Strahan made his 16th appearance on the show and was introduced as Ripa's permanent co-host. The former New York Giants defensive end had begun his TV career on "Fox NFL Sunday", a job he said he would keep even though it shoots in Los Angeles. The Ripa-Strahan chemistry proved to be successful. "Live With Kelly & Michael" had been the No. 2 syndicated talk show averaging a 2.8 national rating over Strahan's entire tenure while "Live With Regis & Kelly" averaged a 2.6. "Live With Kelly & Michael" brought in 268,000 more audience members daily, on average, than the show attracted during the end of the Philbin run. On January 19, 2016, the show was renewed through at least the 2019–2020 season.


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: On April 19, 2016, it was announced that Strahan would leave "Live" to join "Good Morning America" full-time. The decision was revealed to the program's production staff just after that day's broadcast of "Live", and officially announced on the program by Strahan the following day. Ripa, however, was absent from that day's episode, and ABC announced later in the day that "Live" would have guest co-hosts through April 25, 2016. Although speculated to have been a reaction to Strahan's abrupt exit, an ABC staff member stated to "Variety" that Ripa's sudden absence was a "pre-scheduled vacation".


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: Ripa returned on April 26, 2016, using the opening of the episode to address the reception to Strahan's exit, and ABC's continued commitment to "Live" as a series. She said she was annoyed that ABC had not given her advance notice of negotiations to move Strahan to "GMA". Strahan's final episode on "Live" occurred on May 13, 2016 and featured several flashback moments from the four years that he co-hosted the show.


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: On May 16, 2016, Ripa began the second era of her "Live" career as a single co-host. Jimmy Kimmel joined her as her first guest co-host.


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: On May 1, 2017, it was announced that Ryan Seacrest would succeed Strahan as the new permanent co-host, after a yearlong syndicated co-host search. Seacrest also joined as an executive producer to the show.


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: On September 5, 2017, "Live with Kelly and Ryan" updated the show's look with a new, modern logo, modifications to the studio, and a brand-new show opener.


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: In March 2020, the show began broadcasting remotely from the host's homes due to the COVID-19 pandemic. During this period, Philbin died on July 24. On August 26, 2020, it was announced that the 33rd season would premiere on September 7, with the show returning to its New York City studio the next day. The premiere did not have a studio audience and the hosts were seated six feet apart. Beginning with the 2020–21 season, DMD began to authorize the show's ABC affiliates to run the show a second time daily in an overnight timeslot, allowing late night viewers to watch the show or record it, even if it was pre-empted by breaking news spilling over from "Good Morning America".


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: The "New York Daily News" gave the program a positive review, " … When it comes to the amount and playfulness of morning talk, nothing beats "Live"". In 2001, 2011, 2012, 2015, and 2016 the show won the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Talk Show Hosts and in its 24th year, after twenty-one nominations, it won the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Talk Show. In addition, its co-hosts have received two TV Guide Award nominations for Favorite Daytime Talk Show and multiple People's Choice nominations for Favorite Talk Show Host.


title: Live with Kelly and Ryan

text: According to daytime television ratings, viewership averages 5 million per episode, ranking number 1 in all big markets, such as New York City, Pittsburgh, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, Dallas, San Francisco, Miami, West Palm Beach, and many others. Dominating its time periods, "Live" is the top-rated morning show and regularly the #1 syndicated talk show.


title: Captain Britain

text: Captain Britain is a title used by various superheroes in comic books published by Marvel Comics, commonly in association with Excalibur. The moniker was first used in publication by Brian Braddock in "Captain Britain Weekly" #1 by writer Chris Claremont and artist Herb Trimpe, and is currently held by Brian's twin sister, Betsy Braddock. The concept of the Marvel Multiverse, as well as the designation of the publisher's primary continuity as Earth-616, originated in Alan Moore's Captain Britain stories, which also established the multiversal Captain Britain Corps, members of which act as the champions of their own respective versions of the British Isles, which act as a nexus point between dimensions via Otherworld.


title: Captain Britain

text: In the main continuity of Marvel Comics, three characters have used the Captain Britain title in regular publication.


title: Captain Britain

text: Created by Chris Claremont and Herb Trimpe, Brian Braddock first appeared in "Captain Britain Weekly" #1 in 1976, an anthology comic published exclusively in the United Kingdom by the Marvel Comics imprint known as Marvel UK. The comic represented the first original content published by Marvel UK, who had previously only handled reprints of Marvel Comics' U.S. publications. However, the new content was still created by Marvel's American staff (the initial team being London-born writer Chris Claremont, penciller Herb Trimpe, and inker Fred Kida) under the supervision of U.S. editor Larry Lieber, then shipped to the UK for publication. (In addition, the new 8-page Captain Britain installments in each issue of "Captain Britain Weekly" were supplemented by more reprinted material, featuring Nick Fury and the Fantastic Four).


title: Captain Britain

text: "Captain Britain" went to black-and-white with issue #24 (23 March 1977) and was cancelled with issue #39 (6 July 1977), though the Captain Britain serial was immediately transferred to Marvel UK's Spider-Man comic, which was then retitled "Super Spider-Man & Captain Britain". In 1978 Chris Claremont and John Byrne introduced Captain Britain to an American audience for the first time with "Marvel Team-Up" #65-66. The "Marvel Team-Up" story was reprinted as the last six installments of the UK serial, ending with "Super Spider-Man & Captain Britain" #253. From this point, the character was featured as a guest in a variety of titles, returning to regular publication in 1981 with a redesigned costume in issue #377 of the "Marvel Superheroes" anthology title, initially written by Dave Thorpe and illustrated by Alan Davis. After "Marvel Superheroes" #388 (August 1982), the series moved into a new monthly comic, "The Daredevils", written by Alan Moore, who introduced the concept of the Captain Britain Corps and the broader Marvel Multiverse. When "The Daredevils" was canceled after eleven issues, Captain Britain stories were featured in to "The Mighty World of Marvel" (vol. 2), later moving to the new series "Captain Britain Monthly". The character was infrequently featured in American Marvel comics as well.


title: Captain Britain

text: Following the cancellation of Captain Britain's solo series, Claremont and Davis created the one-shot special "Excalibur: The Sword is Drawn" (December 1987), which served to launch the American monthly "Excalibur" in 1988, featuring an eponymous team which included Captain Britain. Marvel UK incorporated Captain Britain as the main attraction of their own group series, "Knights of Pendragon", which initially met with positive critical response and strong sales, but declined to the point of cancellation with issue #18. "Excalibur" volume 1 ended with issue #125 in 1998. Brian was later featured as the team leader of "New Excalibur" in 2005, culminating with the "" limited series. Following the Secret Invasion crossover, Brian headlined the 2008 series "", written by Paul Cornell, which included some characters from "New Excalibur", as well as members of MI: 13 who appeared in Cornell's "Wisdom" limited series. The character later appeared as a regular character in the 2010-2013 "Secret Avengers" series, from issue #22 (April 2012) through its final issue #37 (March 2013), reappearing with the Avengers as a part of the "Time Runs Out" storyline.


title: Captain Britain

text: Following the 2019 X-Men franchise relaunch Dawn of X, Betsy Braddock became the new Captain Britain following the Brian's corruption by Morgan le Fay, with Brian taking up the new mantle of Captain Avalon as defender of Avalon.


title: Captain Britain

text: Brian's twin sister Elizabeth "Betsy" Braddock first appeared in "Captain Britain" #8 (December 1976). Betsy's mutant power initially manifested itself in the form of precognitive dreams, later joining S.T.R.I.K.E.'s Psi Division. After being targeted for assassination and imprisoned in a concentration camp by Mad Jim Jaspers, Betsy received aid from Victoria Bentley, who helped Betsy use the trauma to focus and strengthen her growing psychic powers. Following Brian's defeat at the hands of his counterpart from another reality, the sadistic Kaptain Briton, Betsy was able to kill the villain, and was convinced by her old flame Gabriel to replace Brian as a new Captain Britain until being blinded in a confrontation with Slaymaster.


title: Captain Britain

text: In "New Mutants Annual" #2 (1986), Claremont integrated Betsy Braddock into the X-Men franchise. After being rescued by the New Mutants and taking up residence at their mutant-training academy, Braddock is formally invited to join the X-Men and officially adopts the codename Psylocke, becoming an enduring fixture of the team over the next three decades. In a 1989 story, an amnesiac Betsy is kidnapped by The Hand, who brainwash her and physically alter her to take on an East Asian appearance. Under the name Lady Mandarin she briefly becomes the Hand’s supreme assassin. While her memories return, she retains her new appearance and skills, including the ability to manifest the focused totality of her telepathic power in the form of a "psychic knife." A 1993 story by Fabian Nicieza would retroactively establish that Braddock’s changed appearance was the product of a body swap between Braddock and the assassin Kwannon, which lasted for 29 years of publication.


title: Captain Britain

text: In the Claremont-written "X-Treme X-Men" #2 (2001), the character dies, her comic book death lasting until 2005's "The Uncanny X-Men" #455. During the 2018 Hunt for Wolverine storyline, the psychic vampire Sapphire Styx absorbs the entirety of Braddock’s soul, leaving her body dead. After destroying Sapphire Styx from the inside with assistance from a fragment of Wolverine’s soul, Braddock reconstitutes her original body with the villain’s remaining soul power.


title: Captain Britain

text: During the Dawn of X, Braddock subsequently took up her brother Brian’s former title of Captain Britain, forming a new iteration of Excalibur with Apocalypse, Gambit, Rogue, Jubilee, and Rictor. In the limited series "Knights of X", Betsy was trapped in Otherworld alongside several of her Excalibur teammates, as well as Shatterstar, Bei the Blood Moon, and Rachel Summers; cut off from the security of Krakoan resurrection, the new team tasked themselves with restoring the rightful order and rescuing desperate mutants being targeted in the realm.


title: Captain Britain

text: Created by Chuck Austen and Olivier Coipel, Kelsey Leigh Kirkland first appeared in "The Avengers" (vol. 3) #77-81 (March–June 2004), in which the character sacrifices her life to protect Captain America, only to be resurrected as the new Captain Britain, but with the condition that she does not reveal her identity to her children. She went on to appear in Austen and Scott Kolins' "The Avengers" (vol. 3) #82-84 (July–August 2004) and Austen, Allan Jacobsen and C.P. Smith's "The New Invaders" #0 (Aug. 2004); in a story-line which begins with her getting angry at her own funeral causing her new teammates to begin to suspect her true identity. She made a brief supporting appearance in Brian Michael Bendis and David Finch's "The Avengers" #500-501 (September–October 2004); in which she is hospitalized in critical condition following the initial battle. Bendis and Michael Gaydos concluded her run in the "Avengers" with a brief appearance in "Avengers Finale" (January 2005); in which she announces her intention to return home.


title: Captain Britain

text: Kirkland adopted the codename Lionheart in 2005's New Excalibur, seeking revenge and blaming Brian Braddock for not warning her of the consequences of choosing the Sword of Might and for losing her children. After being manipulated by Albion, a supervillain who also dislikes Captain Britain, Kirkland is complicit in plunging Britain into a pre-industrial state. Seeing the error of her ways, she joins forces with New Excalibur and helps defeat Albion and his Shadow Captains, restoring Britain to its former state. In acknowledgment of her help against Albion, the Government gives her a second chance working with them, and she is reunited with her family.


title: Captain Britain

text: Modred the Mystic briefly assumed the mantle of Captain Britain by syphoning off Braddock's energies in an effort to defeat Merlyn.


title: Captain Britain

text: The Captain Britain Corps is a fictional league of super-heroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The characters are all known as, or appear as an alternative version of, Captain Britain, each coming from an alternative reality. Created by writer Alan Moore and artist Alan Davis, the corps first appeared in "The Daredevils" #6 (June 1983). Founded by Merlyn, his daughter Roma and Sir James Braddock, the organization is tasked with defending the multiverse, with each member protecting their own reality from their respective dimensional equivalent the British Isles, and was powered by the friction between dimensions. In addition to the Captains themselves, the organization has included administrators such as Merlyn, Roma, and Saturnyne.


title: Captain Britain

text: Merlyn and Roma had arranged for each chosen member of the Corps to gain superpowers, often using unscrupulous means. The first published gathering of the Corps in their entirety occurred at Merlyn's funeral. Following Merlyn's funeral, Roma took control over the corps, making Saturnyne her subordinate and bringing Corps members to the Starlight Citadel for training. Roma also tasked Corps members to take turns in defending Otherworld. Corps members would continue to gather in various stories, such as the wedding of Meggan and Braddock, the conclusion of the Cross-Time Caper), and their assignment as the jury in Braddock's trial for breaching the Corps Code of Conduct. The corps rarely fought as a unit in these stories, with an exception occurring when Roma dispatched them against Franklin Richards and the Fantastic Four, though it is suggested that this attack was a ruse to let Caledonia, a former prisoner of Roma's starlight citadel, infiltrate the Fantastic Four's home as Franklin's nanny to prepare them for their forthcoming battle with Abraxas.


title: Captain Britain

text: The Corps was nearly wiped out by Mastermind, a villainous computer belonging to Brian Braddock, and a group of mutated children known as the Warpies (victims of the Jaspers' Warp), who were once the wards of Captain UK. Roma stepped down as omniversal guardian, giving the title to Brian Braddock, who became King of Otherworld and rebuilt the Corps. Another wave of destruction tore through Otherworld due to Wanda Maximoff's alterations to reality in "House of M", which nearly led to Roma and Saturnyne erasing that universe, however due to Meggan's sacrifice, the heroes are able to seal the tear. The corps rebuilt its ranks but once again it came under attack, this time from Mad Jim Jaspers and corps members which he began to turn into Furys. The end of the battle saw Roma dead and most of the corps along with her. Saturnyne appointed Albion leader and told Captain Britain to stay and keep an eye on his reality as they rebuilt the corps once again. During the events of "Time Runs Out", the Captain Britain Corps investigate universal Incursions which are causing the destruction of various realities, and the deaths of twenty Corpsmen. After the members of the Corps capture a Mapmaker, the Ivory Kings send their entire forces to overrun the Starlight Citadel, destroying the entire Corps. Saturnyne is able to teleport Brian Braddock to safety, leaving him as the Corps' only survivor. Following the reestablishment of the Multiverse, Brian is still the only member of the Captain Britain Corps alive.


title: Captain Britain

text: When the mutant nation of Krakoa came into conflict with Otherworld, Brian was corrupted by Morgana Le Fey and his sister Braddock claimed the title of Captain Britain. After their brother Jamie took Otherworld's throne as king, he used his omega-level mutant abilities to break and rebuild reality by using Earth-616 as the foundation, changing several details and allowing the new reality to "backfill" justifications its existence. After fracturing reality once again by killing Betsy, Jamie restores the numbers of the Incursion crisis, which historically, were made up of Braddock family members across the Omniverse (usually variants of Brian), however this new reality chooses to use Betsy's compatriots in the new iteration of Excalibur (Gambit, Jubilee, Rictor and Rogue) as templates for new Captains Britain, each of which is given a version of the Amulet of Right. During "X of Swords", in which Betsy Braddock wielded the Starlight Sword, a blade forged from the nexus of reality itself, Braddock was seemingly killed in battle by Isca the Unbeaten, shattering the sword and Braddock herself; Saturnyne used the broken pieces to reconstitute the corps.


title: Captain Britain

text: The Captain Britain Corps spans the multiverse; the exact number of members, most of whom are unnamed, is unclear. While many members are simply named Captain Britain, others use names which take an alternate approach to referencing their role as champion of the British isles (such as Captain U.K. or Lady London), while others' names may be reflective of the specific characteristics of their respective universes (such as Hauptmann Englande or The Violet Swan) or individual circumstances (such as Spider-UK). Of the corps members depicted in publication, most, but not all, have been alternate versions of Brian or Betsy Braddock. Although members usually refer to the organization simply as "The Corps" or "The Captain Britain Corps," others have attached their own names, such as Crusader X referring to them as "The Crusader X Corps."


title: Captain Britain

text: These individuals are known in-story to be current members of the Corps as of the conclusion of "X of Swords".


title: Captain Britain

text: Due the impact of events such as "" on large portions of corps members, it is unclear whether certain characters previously confirmed as members are still active or alive in-story. Additionally, other characters have been referred to by the Captain Britain title without any positive confirmation that they are or have ever been associated with the corps.


title: James Tolkan

text: James Stewart Tolkan (born June 20, 1931) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Mr. Strickland in "Back to the Future" (1985) and "Back to the Future Part II" (1989), and as Marshall Strickland in "Back to the Future Part III" (1990). Other memorable film roles include "Love and Death" (1975), "Top Gun" (1986), "Masters of the Universe" (1987) and "Dick Tracy" (1990).


title: James Tolkan

text: He attended the University of Iowa, Coe College, the Actors Studio and Eastern Arizona College. Tolkan served in the US Navy onboard the USS "Sandoval", but he had an issue with his heart; within a year, he was discharged from the service for medical reasons.


title: James Tolkan

text: Tolkan is known for his role in the 1985 film "Back to the Future" as the strict Hill Valley High School assistant principal, Gerald Strickland; the character refers to Marty McFly, his father, and Biff Tannen derisively as "slackers". He reprised the role in the 1989 sequel "Back to the Future Part II", in which unnamed gang members make a drive-by assault on him in a dystopian 1985; he also refers to these criminals as "slackers" as he shoots back. In 1990, he played the part of Mr. Strickland's grandfather Chief Marshal James Strickland in "Back to the Future Part III". Tolkan would again reprise his role as Strickland, and the character's ancestors and descendants, in the 1991 animated series spin-off.


title: James Tolkan

text: Other well-known roles include an FBI agent in "WarGames" and Stinger, the no-nonsense commanding officer of 's embarked F-14 squadron in the 1986 box-office hit "Top Gun". He portrayed the role of cold and determined District Attorney Polito in Sidney Lumet's "Prince of the City". He played the obsequious and evasive union treasurer Lou Brackman in 1986’s "Armed and Dangerous". He appeared in the 1987 film "Masters of the Universe" as Detective Lubic. He had a dual role in the Woody Allen comedy "Love and Death", playing both Napoleon and a look-alike. He appeared as Big Boy Caprice's accountant "Numbers" in the 1990 Warren Beatty film "Dick Tracy". He appeared in "Serpico" (1973) in a small but notable role as a policeman who loudly accuses Officer Serpico of having a homosexual encounter with another policeman in a men's room.


title: James Tolkan

text: Tolkan has made guest appearances on many TV shows, including "Naked City", "Remington Steele", "Miami Vice" and "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air".


title: James Tolkan

text: A member of the repertory cast of "A Nero Wolfe Mystery" (2001–02), he played more than a dozen varied roles in the A&E TV series and also directed two episodes ("Die Like a Dog" and "The Next Witness").


title: Name of Ukraine

text: The name "Ukraine" ( , ) was first used in reference to a part of the territory of Kyivan Rus' in the 12th century. The name has been used in a variety of ways since the 12th century, referring to numerous lands on the border between Poland and Kievan Rus' or its successor states. The use of "the Ukraine" is officially deprecated by the Ukrainian government and many English language media publications.


title: Name of Ukraine

text: "Ukraine" is the official full name of the country, as stated in its declaration of independence and its constitution; there is no official alternative long name. From 1922 until 1991, "Ukraine" was the informal name of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic within the Soviet Union (annexed by Germany as during 1941–1944). After the Russian Revolution in 1917–1921, there were the short-lived Ukrainian People's Republic and Ukrainian State, recognized in early 1918 as consisting of nine governorates of the former Russian Empire (without Taurida's Crimean peninsula), plus Chelm and the southern part of Grodno Governorate.


title: Name of Ukraine

text: The oldest recorded mention of the word "ukraina" dates to the year 1187. In connection with the death of , the ruler of the Principality of Pereyaslavl which was Kyiv's southern shield against the Wild Fields, the Hypatian Codex says "Oukraina groaned for him", ("o nem že Oukraina mnogo postona"). In the following decades and centuries this term was applied to fortified borderlands of different principalities of Rus' without a specific geographic fixation: Halych-Volhynia, Pskov, Ryazan etc.


title: Name of Ukraine

text: After the south-western lands of former Rus' were subordinated to the Polish Crown in 1569, the territory from eastern Podillia to Zaporizhia got the unofficial name Ukraina due to its border function to the nomadic Tatar world in the south. The Polish chronicler who wrote about the Khmelnytsky Uprising in 1660 explained the word Ukraina as the land located at the edge of the Polish kingdom. Thus, in the course of the 16th–18th centuries Ukraine became a concrete regional name among other historic regions such as Podillia, Severia, or Volhynia. It was used for the middle Dnieper River territory controlled by the Cossacks. The people of Ukraina were called Ukrainians (, or ). Later, the term Ukraine was used for the Hetmanate lands on both sides of the Dnieper although it didn't become the official name of the state.


title: Name of Ukraine

text: From the 18th century on, Ukraine became known in the Russian Empire by the geographic term Little Russia. In the 1830s, Nikolay Kostomarov and his Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius in Kyiv started to use the name "Ukrainians". It was also taken up by Volodymyr Antonovych and the "Khlopomany" ("peasant-lovers"), former Polish gentry in Eastern Ukraine, and later by the Ukrainophiles in Halychyna, including Ivan Franko. The evolution of the meaning became particularly obvious at the end of the 19th century. The term is also mentioned by the Russian scientist and traveler of Ukrainian origin Nicholas Miklouho-Maclay (1846–1888). At the turn of the 20th century the term Ukraine became independent and self-sufficient, pushing aside regional self-definitions. In the course of the political struggle between the Little Russian and the Ukrainian identities, it challenged the traditional term Little Russia () and ultimately defeated it in the 1920s during the Bolshevik policy of Korenization and Ukrainization.


title: Name of Ukraine

text: "Oukraina" () was initially mentioned in the Hypatian Codex in approximately 1187, referring to the name of the territory of the Principality of Pereyaslavl. The codex was written in the East Slavic version of Church Slavonic language.


title: Name of Ukraine

text: Since then, and almost until the 18th century, in written sources, this word was used in the meaning of "border lands", without reference to any particular region with clear borders, including far beyond the territory of modern Ukraine. The generally "accepted" and frequently used meaning of the word as "borderland" has increasingly been challenged by revision, motivated by self-asserting of identity.


title: Name of Ukraine

text: In the 16th century, the only specific "ukraina" mentioned very often in Polish and Ruthenian texts was the south-eastern region around Kyiv, and thus "ukraina" came to be synonymous with the Kyïv Voivodeship and later the region around Kyiv. Later this name was adopted as the name of the country.


title: Name of Ukraine

text: The etymology of the word Ukraine is seen this way in all mainstream etymological dictionaries, see e.g. Max Vasmer's etymological dictionary of Russian; see also Orest Subtelny, Paul Magocsi, Omeljan Pritsak, Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, Ivan Ohiyenko, Petro Tolochko and others. It is supported by Jaroslav Rudnyckyj in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine and the Etymological dictionary of the Ukrainian language (based on already mentioned Vasmer).


title: Name of Ukraine

text: On a map, published in Amsterdam in 1645, the sparsely inhabited region to the north of the Azov sea is called Okraina and is characterized to the proximity to the Dikoia pole (Wild Fields), posing a constant threat of raids of Turkic nomads (Crimean Tatars and the Nogai Horde). There is, however, also a specialised map published in 1648 of the Lower Dnieper region by Guillaume Le Vasseur de Beauplan called "General illustration of desert plains, in common speech Ukraine" (), attesting to the fact that the term Ukraina was also in use.


title: Name of Ukraine

text: Ukrainian scholars, beginning in the 1930s, have interpreted the term "ukraina" in the sense of "region, principality, country", "province", or "the land around" or "the land pertaining to" a given centre.


title: Name of Ukraine

text: Linguist Hryhoriy Pivtorak (2001) argues that there is a difference between the two terms "oukraina" україна "territory" and окраїна "okraina" "borderland". Both are derived from "krai" "division, border, land parcel, territory" but with a difference in preposition,


title: Name of Ukraine

text: "ou" (у) meaning "in" vs. "o" (о) meaning "about, around"; *"ukrai" and *"ukraina" would then mean "a "separated" land parcel, a "separate" part of a tribe's territory". Lands that became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Chernihiv Principality, Siversk Principality, Kyiv Principality, Pereyaslavl Principality and most of Volyn Principality) were sometimes called Lithuanian Ukraina, while lands that became part of Poland (Halych Principality and part of Volyn Principality) were called Polish Ukraina. Pivtorak argues that "Ukraine" had been used as a term for their own territory by the Ukrainian Cossacks of the Zaporozhian Sich since the 16th century, and that the conflation with "okraina" "borderlands" was a creation of tsarist Russia. which has been countered by other historical sources of Russia.


title: Name of Ukraine

text: Ukraine is one of a few English country names traditionally used with the definite article "the". Use of the article was standard before Ukrainian independence, but has decreased since the 1990s. For example, the Associated Press dropped the article "the" on 3 December 1991. Use of the definite article was criticised as suggesting a non-sovereign territory, much like "the Lebanon" referred to the region before its independence, or as one might refer to "the Midwest", a region of the United States.


title: Name of Ukraine

text: In 1993, the Ukrainian government explicitly requested that, in linguistic agreement with countries and not regions, the Russian preposition , be used instead of , and in 2012, the Ukrainian embassy in London further stated that it is politically and grammatically incorrect to use a definite article with "Ukraine". Use of "Ukraine" without the definite article has since become commonplace in journalism and diplomacy (examples are the style guides of "The Guardian" and "The Times").


title: Name of Ukraine

text: In the Ukrainian language both "v Ukraini" (with the preposition "v" - "in") and "na Ukraini" (with the preposition "na" - "on") have been used, although the preposition "v" is used officially and is more frequent in everyday speech. Linguistic prescription in Russian dictates usage of "na". Similar to the definite article issue in English usage, use of "na" rather than "v" has been seen as suggesting non-sovereignty. While "v" expresses "in" with a connotation of "into, in the interior", "na" expresses "in" with the connotation of "on, onto" a boundary (Pivtorak cites "v misti" "in the city" vs. "na seli" "in the village", viewed as "outside the city"). Pivtorak notes that both Ukrainian literature and folk song uses both prepositions with the name "Ukraina" ("na Ukraini" and "v Ukraini"), but that only "v Ukraini" should be used to refer to the sovereign state established in 1991. The insistence on "v" appears to be a modern sensibility, as even authors foundational to Ukrainian national identity used both prepositions interchangeably, e.g. T. Shevchenko within the single poem "V Kazemati" (1847).


title: Name of Ukraine

text: The preposition "na" continues to be used with Ukraine in the West Slavic languages (Polish, Czech, Slovak), while the South Slavic languages (Bulgarian, Serbo-Croatian, Slovene) use "v" exclusively.


title: Name of Ukraine

text: Among the western European languages, there is inter-language variation (and even sometimes intra-language variation) in the phonetic vowel quality of the "ai" of "Ukraine", and its written expression. It is variously:


title: Name of Ukraine

text: In Ukrainian itself, there is a "euphony rule" sometimes used in poetry and music which changes the letter У ("U") to В ("V") at the beginning of a word when the preceding word ends with a vowel or a diphthong. When applied to the name Україна ("Ukraina"), this can produce the form Вкраїна ("Vkrayina"), as in song lyric Най Вкраїна вся радіє ("Nai Vkraina vsia radiie", "Let all Ukraine rejoice!").


title: Brüno

text: Brüno is a 2009 mockumentary comedy film directed by Larry Charles and starring Sacha Baron Cohen, who produced, co-wrote, and played the gay Austrian fashion journalist Brüno. It is the third film based on one of Cohen's characters from "Da Ali G Show", following "Ali G Indahouse" and "Borat". The film was released on July 10, 2009 to mostly positive reviews from critics.


title: Brüno

text: An alternative title for the film is "Brüno: Delicious Journeys Through America for the Purpose of Making Heterosexual Males Visibly Uncomfortable in the Presence of a Gay Foreigner in a Mesh T-Shirt". It was initially a mock title proposed by Hollywood news and gossip blog Defamer and mistakenly reported as genuine by a number of sources of film information, including MovieTome, where it was still being used in the search results as late as 2011, the "Daily Star", "The Irish Times", "The Boston Globe", and (although no longer) the Internet Movie Database.


title: Brüno

text: Gay Austrian fashion reporter Brüno Gehard is fired from his own television show, "Funkyzeit mit Brüno" after disrupting a Milan Fashion Week catwalk, and his lover Diesel leaves him for another man. Accompanied by his assistant's assistant, Lutz Schulz, he travels to the United States to become a famous Hollywood celebrity.


title: Brüno

text: Brüno unsuccessfully attempts an acting career as an extra on "Medium". He then interviews Paula Abdul, until he scares her off when he serves her sushi on the body of a totally naked Mexican man, even though she had no problem in sitting on a fully-clothed Mexican man beforehand. He then produces a celebrity interview pilot, showing him dancing erotically, criticizing Jamie Lynn Spears' fetus with reality TV star Brittny Gastineau, unsuccessfully attempting to interview actor Harrison Ford, and closing with a close-up of his penis being swung around by pelvic gyrations. A focus group reviewing the pilot hate it. Brüno then attempts and fails to make a sex tape by seducing Ron Paul, claiming to have mistaken him for drag queen RuPaul.


title: Brüno

text: Brüno consults a spiritualist to contact the deceased Rob Pilatus of Milli Vanilli (a former lover) for advice, miming various sex acts on the "invisible" Pilatus. He consults charity consultants to select a world problem to maximize his fame, choosing the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. He flies to Jerusalem to interview former Mossad agent Yossi Alpher and Palestinian politician Ghassan Khatib and confuses hummus and Hamas. He sings his own "Dove of Peace" while cajoling the two to caress each other's hands. He also meets with Ayman Abu Aita, a terrorist group leader of Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades in a Palestinian refugee camp in Lebanon, where he hopes to be kidnapped. Brüno insults him and he is ordered to leave.


title: Brüno

text: Brüno interviews parents of child models, asking if their toddlers would undergo liposuction and perform dangerous stunts. On a talk show hosted by Richard Bey, he shows the African American audience a baby he named O.J., whom he acquired in Africa by trading him for a U2 Product Red iPod. He shows photographs of the boy in dangerous and provocative situations and the audience is appalled. Social services take O.J. from Brüno, driving him to depression. He goes to a diner to gorge on high-carb junk food. Lutz carries him back to a hotel room. After a night of sex, they awake to find themselves trapped in a bondage mechanism, unable to find the key. They call a hotel engineer for help and are asked to leave. After accosting a group of anti-gay protesters from the Westboro Baptist Church while still in bondage gear and boarding a bus, Brüno and Lutz remove their equipment in Huntsville, Alabama. After being arrested, Lutz says he loves Brüno, but Brüno does not reciprocate, stating he was influenced by "carb goggles". Lutz leaves Brüno.


title: Brüno

text: After realizing the biggest names in Hollywood are heterosexual, Brüno consults two gay converters to help him become heterosexual. He attempts other "masculine" activities, such as learning karate, joining the National Guard, going hunting, and attending a swingers party, during which he is whipped by a dominatrix.


title: Brüno

text: Eight months later, Brüno, under the alias "Straight Dave", hosts a cage-fight match in Arkansas, "Straight Dave's Man Slammin' Maxout". Lutz appears at the event and insults Brüno, leading to them fighting in the cage. During the confrontation, they begin to kiss and strip in front of shocked spectators who throw objects into the cage. The moment gets international press, and the now-famous Brüno attempts to marry Lutz, getting O.J. back in exchange for a MacBook Pro. At Abbey Road Studios Brüno records a charity song, "Dove of Peace", featuring Bono, Elton John, Chris Martin, Snoop Dogg, Sting, and Slash.


title: Brüno

text: Baron Cohen was cognizant of his increased fame following the success of "Borat", which led him to retire the character for a number of years, and realized it would be much harder to conduct his interviews as Brüno without being recognized. As a solution, Baron Cohen wore a wig that lowered the size of his forehead (easily recognizable on the Borat character), which to his amazement succeeded in hiding his identity for most of his interviews. Nevertheless, the flimsy nature of the disguise made Baron Cohen fearful that he would be recognized, to the point that he chose to live inside his trailer for almost the entirety of the six-month shoot.


title: Brüno

text: During Baron Cohen's Middle East interview of Alpher and Khatib, he repeatedly conflated Hamas and hummus and feigned belief that the conflict was between Jews and Hindus. The two interviewees (who had received a fee to appear on camera), convinced by the elaborate production, were confused by the questions but generally went along, even when asked by Baron Cohen to hold hands.


title: Brüno

text: On June 6, 2008, a riot ensued at a stunt orchestrated by Baron Cohen and the producers of the film as they staged a "Blue Collar Brawlin'" in Fort Smith, Arkansas. Patrons were lured to an event billed as cage fighting, held at a convention center, by print and Craigslist advertisements, promoting "hot girls", $1 beer, and $5 admission. Approximately 1,500 people attended the event and were greeted by signs that informed them that they were being filmed. No mobile phones, video, or cameras were allowed inside. The acts taking place became homosexual in nature, with Brüno inviting a man up to fight him, who turned out to be Lutz. Celine Dion's "My Heart Will Go On" started to play as both men began kissing and stripping. The audience reacted violently and threw chairs and beer at the performers. The performers were Brüno (Baron Cohen) under the ironic gimmick, "Straight Dave", and Gustaf Hammarsten portraying his opponent, Lutz.


title: Brüno

text: In July 2008, Tyler, Texas television station KETK-TV was approached by a "documentary filmmaker" who was allowed to bring a crew to interview a few members of the staff, including news director Neal Barton and sports director Danny Elzner. They signed releases and expected to be talking about small-town news in the United States. Instead, the interviews conducted by the flamboyant Brüno character drifted towards the topic of homosexuality.


title: Brüno

text: On November 2, 2008, Baron Cohen, dressed as Brüno, and his film crew were spotted at a Los Angeles rally that was in support of California's Proposition 8.


title: Brüno

text: On November 7, 2008, while appearing as an extra in a scene for the NBC TV series "Medium", Baron Cohen interrupted a scene in character and was removed from the set. Production on the episode was shut down temporarily, though actor Miguel Sandoval, who was told that a cousin of NBC executive Ben Silverman would appear as an extra in the jury, has stated that he recognized Baron Cohen and played along, commenting, "It's one thing for Borat to go into an antique store in Georgia or Alabama. For Brüno to go on a TV show, he's among insiders. Most people knew who he was."


title: Brüno

text: The production team also deceived presidential candidate Ron Paul into being interviewed by Brüno by posing as an Austrian television reporter looking to question the congressman about economic issues. As soon as Brüno drops his trousers, the congressman storms out of the room. A spokeswoman for Paul commented on the incident. She said Baron Cohen's people were very deceptive in their tactics. At the time, he thought they were "legitimate" but later confessed to some concern. "I'm familiar with his work, so you can imagine how I feel about it," he said. Jesse Benton, senior vice-president of Ron Paul's Campaign for Liberty organization and former campaign spokesman for Paul, said Paul was not familiar with Baron Cohen's programme, "Da Ali G Show". "If it's not on hard-core financial news, he doesn't follow it," Benton said. But, he added, "It sounds like it's going to be pretty funny."


title: Brüno

text: The scene filmed during a taping of "The Richard Bey Show", however, was staged, and Bey was in on the joke, as his daytime show went off the air in 1996. The audience, however, was not made aware of the truth of the production. Similarly unaware of the true nature of the production was Paula Abdul, who, during her interview scene in the film, sat atop a Mexican landscaper and was presented with food adorned upon a man lying down on a cart wearing nothing but a "sock" over his penis. Abdul told a radio interviewer that she was "scarred" by the incident.


title: Brüno

text: The trailers for the film shown in the U.S. included a scene in which Brüno shops for clothing at Sears, telling the sales clerk "You might find this very hard to believe, but I'm gay" to which the clerk responds "Okay", while maintaining an awkward posture.


title: Brüno

text: Following the sudden death of Michael Jackson on June 25, 2009, a scene from "Brüno" was hastily removed from the US theatrical version of the film before its Hollywood premiere later that evening. The scene involved Brüno tricking La Toya Jackson into an interview in which he asked her to take a seat on hunched over Mexican workers substituting for chairs and invited her to eat sushi from the torso of an overweight and hairy naked man. In a ploy to get Michael's phone number, Brüno asked La Toya to let him look at her mobile phone, which she did.


title: Brüno

text: The latter part of this scene was later confirmed to be removed from the film permanently (about the phone number, but "the Mexicans as furniture scene" was included until the food is served on a naked man, at a SVT Swedish television broadcast of the film, February 2014), but is included in the DVD and Blu-ray release's special features. Coincidentally, the "Brüno" premiere's red carpet also temporarily covered Michael Jackson's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame; fans formed a vigil at the star for the radio commentator also named Michael Jackson instead.


title: Brüno

text: Though the film was originally slated for a May 15, 2009 release, the release was later moved to July 10, 2009. The film received an early release in Australia, Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and Iceland on July 8 and in Germany, Greece, Ireland, Serbia, Slovenia, Israel, and Bosnia and Herzegovina on July 9, 2009. The film was then released internationally on July 10.


title: Brüno

text: In a staged publicity stunt at the 2009 MTV Movie Awards, Baron Cohen appeared as Brüno to present the award for Best Male Performer. Dressed as a winged angel wearing a jockstrap and white go-go boots, he was suspended on wires and flew over the audience towards the stage, but fell and landed on rapper Eminem, with his head in Eminem's lap and his buttocks in front of Eminem's face. Eminem shouted, "Are you fucking serious?" and, "Get this motherfucker off me!" Eminem and his entourage then walked out of the show and did not return. It was later revealed that Eminem and Baron Cohen had staged the incident, rehearsing it beforehand to make sure it went off without a hitch, leaving Eminem laughing to himself in his hotel room about how the crowd was easily fooled.


title: Brüno

text: The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray on November 17, 2009. Special features include deleted, alternative, and extended scenes and an audio commentary by Baron Cohen and Larry Charles.


title: Brüno

text: "Brüno" opened with $30,619,130, ranking number one in its first weekend. At the end of its run on August 20, it had grossed $60,054,530 in the United States and Canada and $78,751,301 overseas for a worldwide total of $138,805,831. For its opening weekend, it narrowly beat "" (in its second week of release) for the highest gross, in the lowest attended second-weekend-in-July in 18 years.


title: Brüno

text: On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 67% based on 224 reviews, and an average rating of 6.18/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "Crude and offensive, but with ample cultural insights and gut-busting laughs, "Bruno" is another outlandish and entertaining mockumentary from Sacha Baron Cohen." Metacritic gives "Brüno" an average score of 54 out of 100 based on 34 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade "C" on a scale of A+ to F.


title: Brüno

text: Nick Curtis of the "Evening Standard" wrote that "Brüno" is "funnier, more offensive, and more outrageous than Borat". "The Telegraph" gave the film four stars out of four, saying "impossible not to laugh and also praising Brüno's controversial style of comedy." The BBC also gave the film a positive review, saying "Brüno pushes the boundaries further than Borat ever did." However, they also said that "It's not going to be everyone's cup of tea" due to the offensive nature of the film. Roger Ebert awarded the film three and a half out of four stars, and said "Here is a film that is 82 minutes long and doesn't contain 30 boring seconds", although he noted that the film's R rating was "very, very hard".


title: Brüno

text: Andy Lowe from "Total Film" gave it a lower review, giving it three stars out of five and calling it "as phony and frustrating as it is funny... The clothes may be new and more fabulous, but the emperor seriously needs to go shopping." Others felt it was not as good, feeling it would insult and offend the gay community: A. O. Scott of "The New York Times" wrote that the film shows "that lampooning homophobia has become an acceptable, almost unavoidable form of homophobic humor," and called the film "a lazy piece of work that panders more than it provokes." "At the Movies" critic Ben Mankiewicz criticized the film for being too demeaning and playing on homosexual stereotypes. He later named "Brüno" the worst film at the halfway point of 2009.


title: Brüno

text: On October 11, 2010, it was revealed that the Motion Picture Association of America's Classification and Rating Administration would specifically note in the future which films contained "male nudity". A spokesman said this was in direct response to parental concerns about the content of "Brüno".


title: Brüno

text: While "Borat" was criticised in Kazakhstan, Austrians were generally positive about "Brüno". Others regarded the humour as "pretty average" and "inoffensive to Austria". Within the Austrian press, reactions were generally mild and positive, although the film was also labelled "repetitive". Christian Fuchs, from the Austrian radio station FM4, wrote that "hidden beneath the hard-as-nails satirist Cohen, lies a humanist who enlightens." However, the film also met some opposition in Austria, due to its portrayal of homosexuality, and basing the portrayal of Austria on motifs such as Josef Fritzl and Adolf Hitler, even going as far as calling Mel Gibson "der Führer" as he pointed at the actor/director's photo in the film.


title: Brüno

text: In Ukraine, the film was scheduled to premiere on July 23, but on July 14, the Minister of Culture and Tourism of Ukraine decided to ban the distribution and demonstration of the film in the country. The reason for the prohibition was that nine out of fourteen members of a commission of experts said the film contained "obscene language, homosexual scenes, and other scenes of offensive nature never shown in Ukraine." The "Vinnytsia Human Rights Group" immediately expressed its anger with the ban. Journalist Yevhen Minko accused the Ministry of moral censorship that missed the point of the film. An unofficial premiere of the film in Kyiv on July 22, 2009 was disrupted by a smoke bomb.


title: Brüno

text: On 2 December 2009, it was reported that Ayman Abu Aita, who stated he was falsely portrayed as a terrorist in the film, was filing a lawsuit of $110 million in libel damages for defamation. Ayman Abu Aita was identified in the film as a member of the Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades. Abu Aita says that he was never a member of Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades and was tricked into appearing in the film. In an interview with "Time", Abu Aita stated, "It is true that I was jailed in 2003...I was active in resisting the occupation, in non-violent ways."


title: Brüno

text: Baron Cohen claims he set up a meeting with Aita in the West Bank with the help of a CIA agent-UK station, through this contact, some of the audience at the cage fight were also sourced-they were from prisons, but from UK prisons, auditioned whilst on parole and effectively working as actors, under a special, UK, USA program. According to the lawsuit, however, the interview with Abu Aita took place at a hotel chosen by Baron Cohen and located in a part of the West Bank that was under Israeli military control. The filing of the lawsuit was confirmed at a press conference on 2 December 2009. Included in the lawsuit are David Letterman, NBC Universal, CBS, Worldwide Pants, Gannett Company, and Larry Charles.


title: Brüno

text: In November 2010, the lawsuit was dismissed in Washington D.C. Court so as to be refiled in the Supreme Court of New York. In July 2012, the lawsuit was reported to have been settled under undisclosed terms.


title: Brüno

text: Baron Cohen has said he had to increase his security detail following death threats from the Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades after the release of the film. The group was angered by the interview with Abu Aita in which he was linked with the group, an armed wing of the Fatah movement. In a statement to the media, Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades denied that Abu Aita was a member and threatened that they "reserve the right to respond in the way we find suitable against this man (Baron Cohen)" and that they feel the segment was "a dirty use of our brother Ayman".


title: Nico Santos (actor)

text: Nico Santos (born April 7, 1979) is a Filipino-American actor known for portraying Oliver T'sien in "Crazy Rich Asians" and sales associate Mateo Liwanag in the NBC series "Superstore". On December 10, 2018, Santos was nominated for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series.


title: Nico Santos (actor)

text: Santos was born in Manila, Philippines, and moved with his family to the United States when he was sixteen, settling in Gresham, Oregon. He and his brother attended Gresham's Centennial High School, where they were the only two Filipinos in attendance. In his junior year, he attended the Oregon Shakespeare Festival's summer seminar for high school students, where he discovered his love for theater.


title: Nico Santos (actor)

text: Santos attended Southern Oregon University because of its proximity to the Oregon Shakespeare Festival. He studied acting there before transitioning to costume design due to discouraging remarks from his acting teacher. However, he later dropped out when he came out as gay, and his family refused to continue paying for his education.


title: Nico Santos (actor)

text: Santos worked for several years in the costume department as a dresser at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival.


title: Nico Santos (actor)

text: In 2001, he moved to San Francisco where he worked at various luxury retail stores in Union Square for eight years while doing stand-up comedy, often going to open mics right after work. He later moved to Los Angeles in pursuit of a stand-up career, but found it difficult to advance due to comedy club politics.


title: Nico Santos (actor)

text: In 2012, he started appearing regularly on the late night talk show, "Chelsea Lately", as a panelist while working concurrently as a restaurant host.


title: Nico Santos (actor)

text: Santos transitioned his focus back to acting in 2014, when he landed a spot in the annual CBS Diversity Showcase. He originally got in as a writer, but did some acting when he substituted for another Asian actor who dropped out.


title: Nico Santos (actor)

text: As a result of the showcase, which is presented to a slew of industry professionals which includes agents and casting directors, he soon found himself being invited to more and more auditions, eventually landing him a role on the NBC comedy television show, "Superstore". He premiered as Mateo Liwanag, a gay, undocumented Filipino, often mistaken as Mexican, retail store associate, on "Superstore" in Fall 2015.


title: Nico Santos (actor)

text: Santos appeared in the Off-Broadway play, "Happy Talk", in spring of 2019. It is written by Jesse Eisenberg and directed by Scott Elliott.


title: Nico Santos (actor)

text: Santos is gay and as of April 2022 is engaged to marry Zeke Smith, who participated on the and editions of the CBS reality game show "Survivor".


title: Nico Santos (actor)

text: The couple met in June 2019 at a gala to mark the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall riots - an event widely considered a watershed moment in the modern LGBTQ rights movement: "Queerty" named him one of the "Pride50" "trailblazing individuals who actively ensure society remains moving towards equality, acceptance and dignity for all queer people".


title: Nico Santos (actor)

text: Santos' parents were both undocumented before becoming citizens. Santos’ mother is supportive of his career and has often attended his open-mic performances.


title: Nico Santos (actor)

text: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Santos revealed that both his mother and stepfather contracted the virus. His stepfather died while his mother recovered.


title: Big Brother (British TV series)

text: Big Brother is the British version of the international reality television franchise "Big Brother" created by producer John de Mol in 1997. Broadcast yearly from 2000 to 2018, and due to return in 2023, the show follows the format of other national editions, in which a group of contestants, known as "housemates", live together in a specially constructed house that is isolated from the outside world. They are continuously monitored by live television cameras and personal audio microphones. Throughout the competition, housemates are "evicted" from the house by public televoting. The last remaining housemate wins the competition and a cash prize. The series takes its name from the oppressive character known by that name in George Orwell's 1949 novel "Nineteen Eighty-Four".


title: Big Brother (British TV series)

text: The series premiered in 2000 on Channel 4 and immediately became a ratings hit. It featured a 24-hour live feed in which fans could view inside the house at any time. "Big Brother" aired for eleven series on Channel 4, followed by one final special edition, "Ultimate Big Brother", which ended in 2010. Channel 5 acquired the rights to the series, and relaunched it in 2011. On the day of the nineteenth series launch in 2018, Channel 5 announced that "Big Brother" would not be returning to the channel after the end of that series. In 2020, Channel 4 announced that previous episodes of "Big Brother" would be shown on E4 in a series titled "Big Brother: Best Shows Ever" to mark the 20th anniversary of the programme. Two years later, on 1 August 2022, it was announced by ITV that "Big Brother" would return for a new series in 2023 on ITV2.


title: Big Brother (British TV series)

text: The programme was initially presented by Davina McCall from its inception until its cancellation by Channel 4. McCall declined to return as presenter following the programme's move to Channel 5, and the role was taken up by former series winner Brian Dowling. He remained as presenter throughout the twelfth and thirteenth series. Emma Willis later replaced Dowling from the fourteenth series onwards until its cancellation from Channel 5. Marcus Bentley served as off-screen narrator of all series since the show premiered in 2000. "Big Brother" has had numerous spin-off series occur since its premiere, most notably "Celebrity Big Brother", a shorter version of the main series wherein the cast is composed solely of celebrities. Numerous other spin-off series that are not competition based have aired, with Dermot O'Leary, Russell Brand, George Lamb, Emma Willis and Rylan Clark-Neal all presenting spin-offs.


title: Big Brother (British TV series)

text: The "Big Brother" reality series was created by John de Mol and premiered in the Netherlands. Following the success of the initial series, it was confirmed that editions for both the United Kingdom and the United States were in the works. In March 2000, it was revealed that the series would be broadcast by Channel 4 and E4; casting began shortly afterward, and Davina McCall was later revealed to be the presenter. The first series premiered on 18 July 2000, and ended when housemate Craig Phillips was crowned the winner after 64 days in the House. The series proved to be a hit early in its run, leading to a second series.


title: Big Brother (British TV series)

text: "Big Brother 2" premiered on 25 May 2001, and continued the success of the previous series. The series concluded on 27 July 2001, when Brian Dowling was crowned the winner. The third series premiered on 24 May 2002, and was the first series to feature a live premiere. Much like the previous series', the show lasted for 64 days, and saw Kate Lawler win the prize. With the third series finding even more success than its predecessors, a fourth series began on 23 May 2003. The series was one of the first to feature numerous twists throughout the series, including nominations on the first night and swapping a housemate with a housemate from the African edition of the series. The series concluded after 64 days, with Cameron Stout being crowned the winner. Despite the fourth series seeing a decrease in viewership and voting numbers, a fifth series began on 28 May 2004. The series became one of the most controversial series at the time, mainly due to events such as "Fight Night" and the expulsion of two housemates. The series lasted for 71 days, with Nadia Almada becoming the first transgender housemate to win the series.


title: Big Brother (British TV series)

text: Following the success of the fifth series, the sixth series began on 27 May 2005, and lasted for a total of 78 days. The series was met with much controversy surrounding housemates Anthony Hutton and Makosi Musambasi, the former of which went on to win the series. The seventh series premiered on 18 May 2006, and became the first series to feature over twenty housemates. It became the first series to last longer than 90 days, and was met with much controversy after allowing previously evicted housemate Nikki Grahame to return to the game with the chance of winning. Pete Bennett was ultimately crowned the winner of the series. The following series premiered on 30 May 2007, and became the longest series to date at 94 days. The series featured a set of twins in the house, who competed initially as individuals but later became one housemate. Brian Belo was crowned the winner of the series. Belo was the only black housemate to win the programme. The ninth series featured a "Heaven and Hell" theme, and premiered on 5 June 2008. Rachel Rice was the winner of the series after spending 93 days in the house. On 4 June 2009, the tenth series premiered and saw housemates having to complete tasks in order to earn housemate status. Sophie Reade was the winner of the series, which lasted for a total of 93 days.


title: Big Brother (British TV series)

text: 9 June 2010 saw the premiere of the eleventh series. It was also confirmed that 2010 would be the final year of "Big Brother" on Channel 4. The series lasted for a total of 77 days, with Josie Gibson being crowned the winner. Merely minutes after "BB11" concluded, a special edition titled "Ultimate Big Brother", featuring memorable former housemates competing for the title of "Ultimate Housemate". "Big Brother 2" winner Brian Dowling, won the series after 18 days in the house.


title: Big Brother (British TV series)

text: After Richard Desmond bought Channel 5 in 2010, he stated that he was keen to acquire "Big Brother". Meanwhile, Endemol had been granted permission to keep the "Big Brother" house at the Elstree TV Studios until 30 September 2013. On 2 April 2011, In August 2011, Channel 5 formally confirmed that they had signed a £200 million two-year contract with Endemol to screen "Big Brother" from 18 August 2011. "Big Brother 2" winner Brian Dowling was announced as the new presenter. McCall declined the offer to present, having said goodbye to the show in 2010. On 3 May 2011, "Endemol" and Channel 5 officially opened the process for people to apply to be on the show. The twelfth series officially launched on 9 September 2011. Aaron Allard-Morgan was crowned the winner after spending 64 days in the house. The thirteenth series premiered on 5 June 2012, and was won by Luke Anderson.


title: Big Brother (British TV series)

text: On 2 April 2013, it was confirmed that Dowling would be replaced by Emma Willis, who had previously presented spin-off series' for the show. The fourteenth series premiered on 13 June 2013, and was won by Sam Evans. The fifteenth series launched on 5 June 2014 and was won by Helen Wood, making her the first female winner since the show's revival on Channel 5. The sixteenth series began on 12 May 2015, the earliest Big Brother launch to date. Chloe Wilburn was announced as the winner of that series. The seventeenth series launched on 7 June 2016, it was the first Big Brother series to feature two separate houses and with a series length of 50 days it was the shortest ever series of "Big Brother" to air in the sixteen years of the programme. The winner was stunt double Jason Burill. He was the oldest housemate to win the main series to date. The eighteenth series launched on 5 June 2017 and was won by Isabelle Warburton. She was the first woman to win Big Brother as a late entrant, and at just 38 days in the house she has also spent the least amount of time in the house for a winner of the regular series.


title: Big Brother (British TV series)

text: On 14 September 2018, Channel 5 announced that the nineteenth series would be the last on Channel 5. Cameron Cole was the winner of the final series, and the programme's youngest. "Big Brother" ended on Channel 5 in November 2018.


title: Big Brother (British TV series)

text: In April 2022, it was reported that ITV Studios were in talks with Banijay, who own the rights to "Big Brother", to revive the show in 2023. On 1 August 2022, ITV aired a teaser trailer during the final of the eighth series of "Love Island", officially confirming that the series would return for a new series in 2023 on ITV2 and ITVX. The show is set to run between the months of May and June and for "up to six weeks" with housemates coming from "all walks of life".


title: Big Brother (British TV series)

text: However, it has been pushed back from Spring 2023 to Autumn 2023 to avoid the clash with ITV's rival reality show "Love Island" and the one-off I'm A Celebrity All-Stars series.


title: Big Brother (British TV series)

text: Since its inception, "Big Brother" has seen numerous spin-offs and tie-in series' launch on both Channel 4 and Channel 5. The most notable spin-off, "Celebrity Big Brother", began initially as a one-time series and involved six celebrities staying in the house for eight days. Following the success of the series, "Celebrity Big Brother" went on to become an annual production, much like the main series. Following widespread media attention involving racism during the fifth series, the show was not broadcast the following year. The show returned in 2009, and the final series to air on Channel 4 aired in 2010. Following the show's move to Channel 5, "Celebrity Big Brother" began airing two series per year.


title: Big Brother (British TV series)

text: The show has also had various other spin-off series occur since its premiere. The first spin-off, "", premiered on 13 October 2003 and lasted for a total of ten days. The series was met with much controversy, which was later heightened when two of the cast members had sex in the house. "Big Brother Panto", which aired in 2004, saw the return of ten former housemates who re-enacted their rendition of "Cinderella". "Ultimate Big Brother" was the final series to air on Channel 4, and featured fourteen of the most memorable housemates from both the main series and "Celebrity Big Brother" competing in the series. Brian Dowling became the only housemate to win a series twice after winning "Ultimate Big Brother". Numerous other spin-offs have occurred throughout the series such as "Big Brother's Big Mouth", presented by Russell Brand, and "Big Brother's Little Brother" presented by Dermot O'Leary. Following the show's move to Channel 5, "Big Brother's Bit on the Side" and "Celebrity Big Brother" were the only spin-off series now airing.


title: Big Brother (British TV series)

text: "Big Brother" was a game show in which a group of contestants, referred to as housemates, live in isolation from the outside world in a custom built "house", constantly under video surveillance. During their time in the house, the housemates are required to nominate two of their fellow contestants for potential eviction, and the two or more with the most votes would be nominated. This process is mandatory for all housemates, and failure to comply could result in expulsion from the house. During the show's broadcast on Channel 4, the viewers would vote to evict one of the nominated housemates, and the housemate with the most votes would be removed from the house. The twelfth and thirteenth series, the first two to air under Channel 5, saw the public voting to save a housemate, and the housemate with the fewest votes would be evicted. Beginning with the fourteenth series, the vote to evict format returned to the series. During the eighteenth series, both vote to save and vote to evict were used. The voting process can be done via telephone or online. When the final week arrives, the viewers vote for which of the remaining housemates should win the series, and the housemate with the most votes becomes the winner. The prize fund has varied throughout the series, ranging from £50,000 to £150,000.


title: Big Brother (British TV series)

text: During their time in the house, housemates are given weekly tasks to perform. The housemates wager a portion of their weekly shopping budget on the task, and either win double their wagered fund or lose the wagered fund depending on their performance in the task. The housemates are required to work as a group to complete their tasks, with the format of the tasks varying based on the number of remaining housemates. Throughout the series, some housemates have been given secret tasks that must either be completed individually or with a small group; failure to do so can result in the housemate being nominated or punished in the house. Should the housemates run out of the food provided for them, an emergency ration is available to them. The housemates are forbidden from discussing nominations, and doing so could result in punishment. The format of the series is mainly seen as a social experiment, and requires housemates to interact with others who may have differing ideals, beliefs, and prejudices. Housemates are also required to make visits to the diary room during their stay in the house, where they are able to share their thoughts and feelings on their fellow housemates and the game.


title: Big Brother (British TV series)

text: For the first two series, the house was located in Bow, London, near the 3 Mills Studios. After planning permission expired in 2002, Newham London Borough Council ordered the complex to be returned to a natural habitat. The house had been located at Elstree Studios, Borehamwood, Hertfordshire since "Big Brother 3" in 2002. Following a break in during the second series, it was reported that security had increased to the point that the house was more secure than Buckingham Palace. The interior of the house has changed each year, reflecting a certain theme or twist in the game. The fifth series, which featured stricter rules and consequences, featured a harsh colour scheme and a claustrophobic setting. The third series featured a "Rich and Poor" twist, thus a row of bars was placed in the centre of the house to divide the housemates. The diary room features a different design each year, and was frequently the last room of the house to be revealed to the public. Each series has featured a garden in the house, which has included outdoor furniture, a Jacuzzi, and on some occasions other luxuries. The eighth series featured an "inside out" theme for the house, thus items such as the refrigerator were located in the garden.


title: Big Brother (British TV series)

text: On 2 February 2016, a planning application to Hertsmere Borough Council first revealed that Endemol had applied to build a new extension to the house, which would be its biggest renovation to the house since it was built in 2002. The documents teased a second house with another garden, as well as a new exterior set and interview studio. The old eviction set and eye studio were both demolished following the conclusion of "Celebrity Big Brother 17". It was later announced on 18 March 2016 that permission had been granted with no objections. Despite the overall extension, the new outdoor set was smaller than before, holding a capacity of just 400 compared to 470 beforehand.


title: Big Brother (British TV series)

text: From "Celebrity Big Brother 19", the other house was referred to as "The Task Building" making it the house's third task room along with the small and large task room.


title: Big Brother (British TV series)

text: In January 2019 (two months after the conclusion of the nineteenth and final series), work began to demolish the house at Elstree Studios. On 17 February 2019, former presenter Emma Willis posted a picture to her Instagram showing that demolition work on the house was complete.


title: Big Brother (British TV series)

text: During the premiere series, the show aired six nights a week, being every night excluding Saturday. The eviction episodes and final aired on Fridays; after series presenter McCall announced the evictee, they had two hours to pack their belongings and exit the house during a second episode airing that night. The remaining five weekly shows were highlight episodes, which lasted an hour in length; the Sunday episode featured a group of psychologists discussing the events of the house. The second series aired six nights a week during the premiere week, though was reduced to only five days afterward, not airing on Saturday or Sunday. This series featured two eviction episodes as well, though only featured a ninety-minute gap between the two. "Big Brother 3" was the first series to air every night each week, and every series thereafter featured only thirty minutes between eviction episodes. The third series was the first in the main series to feature a live launch, with all subsequent series featuring a live launch. The series continued to air for seven nights a week until "Big Brother 8", which aired every night excluding Saturday. The ninth series re-introduced the seven episodes per week format, which has been continued throughout all future series'. When the series premiered, it was aired in a 4:3 aspect ratio instead of the more common 16:9 widescreen format seen by other series at the time. Beginning in 2006 with the seventh series, the show was broadcast in the 16:9 format. Following the show's move to Channel 5, it was broadcast in HD. The series can be viewed on Demand 5, a branch of Channel 5, after it airs.


title: Big Brother (British TV series)

text: Aside from the main series, the show featured a live feed into the house where viewers could watch the housemates at any time. With the series debut in 2000, the twenty-four-hour live feed was introduced which was available at any time to viewers for free. The live feed featured an estimated ten-minute delay to comply with broadcasting standards. Beginning with the second series, the live feed became available on E4 as well. In 2009, it was confirmed that the live feeds would not return for the tenth series due to a "small uptake" of subscriptions in the previous year. The feeds did return the following year, though required viewers to pay a fee, for what was at the time slated to be the show's final series. Following the show's move to Channel 5, the live feeds have not been featured for any subsequent series. In 2013, it was announced that the live feed would return in the form of a two-hour nightly show that featured a live look into the House; the show was cancelled in June of that year, reportedly due to low ratings. Despite this, the feed was re-instated onto the official Channel 5 website for the remainder of the fourteenth series.


title: Big Brother (British TV series)

text: Numerous spin-off series have aired either immediately after or shortly following both the highlight episodes and the live episodes. "Big Brother's Big Mouth", aired following the highlight shows. The show was initially presented by Russell Brand from 2004 to 2007, but he did not return for subsequent series which featured a different presenter weekly. "Big Brother's Big Mouth" did not return following the show's move to Channel 5. Throughout the third, fourth, and fifth series' there were no weekly tasks, and the housemates instead participated in tasks during the "Saturday Night Live" weekly show. "Big Brother's Big Brain" also aired once per week, and featured a more psychological analysis of the series; it aired for two series, being renamed "Big Brother: On the Couch" for its second and final series. "Big Brother's Bit on the Side" was aired seven nights a week on Channel 5 and 5*, either immediately following or an hour after the nightly episode. "Live from the House", which features a live feed into the house, airs immediately following the live eviction episode.


title: Big Brother (British TV series)

text: The opening theme for the series was both written and produced by Elementfour, which was a collaboration between Paul Oakenfold and Andy Gray. Following the success of the first series, the theme was released as a single on 28 August 2000. The single proved to be successful, reaching number 4 on the UK Singles Chart. The theme was also featured on the soundtrack for the first series, which was released that same year. Since the series premiered, there have been numerous remixes and changes made to the song. The original theme by Oakenfeld and Gray was used through the first five series, however was later replaced by a revamped version from the sixth series onward. The song was remixed with a Christmas theme to promote "Big Brother Panto" in 2004, while a carnival themed edition was made to promote the final series to air on Channel 4. The intro to each series, which featured the theme song, was often based on the twist or theme of the house for the year. Each series was promoted with a different eye logo, with the logo also representing the theme of the house. The eye logo is meant to symbolize the phrase "Big Brother is watching" taken from the Orwell novel. The logo for the first series was a close-up of housemate Melanie Hill's eye, while the logos for the second through eleventh series' were created by Daniel Eatock. Design team Hello Charlie, who had previously created the series intros, created the eye logo for the twelfth and thirteenth series following the show's move to Channel 5. The fourteenth to eighteenth series logos were created by the design studio Shop.