title: Web design

text: Advanced interactive functions may require plug-ins if not advanced coding language skills. Choosing whether or not to use interactivity that requires plug-ins is a critical decision in user experience design. If the plug-in doesn't come pre-installed with most browsers, there's a risk that the user will have neither the know-how nor the patience to install a plug-in just to access the content. If the function requires advanced coding language skills, it may be too costly in either time or money to code compared to the amount of enhancement the function will add to the user experience. There's also a risk that advanced interactivity may be incompatible with older browsers or hardware configurations. Publishing a function that doesn't work reliably is potentially worse for the user experience than making no attempt. It depends on the target audience if it's likely to be needed or worth any risks.


title: Web design

text: Progressive enhancement is a strategy in web design that puts emphasis on web content first, allowing everyone to access the basic content and functionality of a web page, whilst users with additional browser features or faster Internet access receive the enhanced version instead.


title: Web design

text: In practice, this means serving content through HTML and applying styling and animation through CSS to the technically possible extent, then applying further enhancements through JavaScript. Pages' text is loaded immediately through the HTML source code rather than having to wait for JavaScript to initiate and load the content subsequently, which allows content to be readable with minimum loading time and bandwidth, and through text-based browsers, and maximizes backwards compatibility.


title: Web design

text: As an example, MediaWiki-based sites including Wikipedia use progressive enhancement, as they remain usable while JavaScript and even CSS is deactivated, as pages' content is included in the page's HTML source code, whereas counter-example Everipedia relies on JavaScript to load pages' content subsequently; a blank page appears with JavaScript deactivated.


title: Web design

text: Part of the user interface design is affected by the quality of the page layout. For example, a designer may consider whether the site's page layout should remain consistent on different pages when designing the layout. Page pixel width may also be considered vital for aligning objects in the layout design. The most popular fixed-width websites generally have the same set width to match the current most popular browser window, at the current most popular screen resolution, on the current most popular monitor size. Most pages are also center-aligned for concerns of aesthetics on larger screens.


title: Web design

text: Fluid layouts increased in popularity around 2000 to allow the browser to make user-specific layout adjustments to fluid layouts based on the details of the reader's screen (window size, font size relative to window, etc.). They grew as an alternative to HTML-table-based layouts and grid-based design in both page layout design principles and in coding technique but were very slow to be adopted. This was due to considerations of screen reading devices and varying windows sizes which designers have no control over. Accordingly, a design may be broken down into units (sidebars, content blocks, embedded advertising areas, navigation areas) that are sent to the browser and which will be fitted into the display window by the browser, as best it can. Although such a display may often change the relative position of major content units, sidebars may be displaced below body text rather than to the side of it. This is a more flexible display than a hard-coded grid-based layout that doesn't fit the device window. In particular, the relative position of content blocks may change while leaving the content within the block unaffected. This also minimizes the user's need to horizontally scroll the page.


title: Web design

text: Responsive web design is a newer approach, based on CSS3, and a deeper level of per-device specification within the page's style sheet through an enhanced use of the CSS codice_1 rule. In March 2018 Google announced they would be rolling out mobile-first indexing. Sites using responsive design are well placed to ensure they meet this new approach.


title: Web design

text: Web designers may choose to limit the variety of website typefaces to only a few which are of a similar style, instead of using a wide range of typefaces or type styles. Most browsers recognize a specific number of safe fonts, which designers mainly use in order to avoid complications.


title: Web design

text: Font downloading was later included in the CSS3 fonts module and has since been implemented in Safari 3.1, Opera 10, and Mozilla Firefox 3.5. This has subsequently increased interest in web typography, as well as the usage of font downloading.


title: Web design

text: Most site layouts incorporate negative space to break the text up into paragraphs and also avoid center-aligned text.


title: Web design

text: The page layout and user interface may also be affected by the use of motion graphics. The choice of whether or not to use motion graphics may depend on the target market for the website. Motion graphics may be expected or at least better received with an entertainment-oriented website. However, a website target audience with a more serious or formal interest (such as business, community, or government) might find animations unnecessary and distracting if only for entertainment or decoration purposes. This doesn't mean that more serious content couldn't be enhanced with animated or video presentations that is relevant to the content. In either case, motion graphic design may make the difference between more effective visuals or distracting visuals.


title: Web design

text: Motion graphics that are not initiated by the site visitor can produce accessibility issues. The World Wide Web consortium accessibility standards require that site visitors be able to disable the animations.


title: Web design

text: Website designers may consider it to be good practice to conform to standards. This is usually done via a description specifying what the element is doing. Failure to conform to standards may not make a website unusable or error-prone, but standards can relate to the correct layout of pages for readability as well as making sure coded elements are closed appropriately. This includes errors in code, a more organized layout for code, and making sure IDs and classes are identified properly. Poorly coded pages are sometimes colloquially called tag soup. Validating via W3C can only be done when a correct DOCTYPE declaration is made, which is used to highlight errors in code. The system identifies the errors and areas that do not conform to web design standards. This information can then be corrected by the user.


title: Web design

text: A static website stores a unique file for every page of a static website. Each time that page is requested, the same content is returned. This content is created once, during the design of the website. It is usually manually authored, although some sites use an automated creation process, similar to a dynamic website, whose results are stored long-term as completed pages. These automatically created static sites became more popular around 2015, with generators such as Jekyll and Adobe Muse.


title: Web design

text: The benefits of a static website are that they were simpler to host, as their server only needed to serve static content, not execute server-side scripts. This required less server administration and had less chance of exposing security holes. They could also serve pages more quickly, on low-cost server hardware. This advantage became less important as cheap web hosting expanded to also offer dynamic features, and virtual servers offered high performance for short intervals at low cost.


title: Web design

text: Almost all websites have some static content, as supporting assets such as images and style sheets are usually static, even on a website with highly dynamic pages.


title: Web design

text: Dynamic websites are generated on the fly and use server-side technology to generate web pages. They typically extract their content from one or more back-end databases: some are database queries across a relational database to query a catalog or to summarise numeric information, and others may use a document database such as MongoDB or NoSQL to store larger units of content, such as blog posts or wiki articles.


title: Web design

text: In the design process, dynamic pages are often mocked-up or wireframed using static pages. The skillset needed to develop dynamic web pages is much broader than for a static page, involving server-side and database coding as well as client-side interface design. Even medium-sized dynamic projects are thus almost always a team effort.


title: Web design

text: When dynamic web pages first developed, they were typically coded directly in languages such as Perl, PHP or ASP. Some of these, notably PHP and ASP, used a 'template' approach where a server-side page resembled the structure of the completed client-side page, and data was inserted into places defined by 'tags'. This was a quicker means of development than coding in a purely procedural coding language such as Perl.


title: Web design

text: Both of these approaches have now been supplanted for many websites by higher-level application-focused tools such as content management systems. These build on top of general-purpose coding platforms and assume that a website exists to offer content according to one of several well-recognised models, such as a time-sequenced blog, a thematic magazine or news site, a wiki, or a user forum. These tools make the implementation of such a site very easy, and a purely organizational and design-based task, without requiring any coding.


title: Web design

text: Editing the content itself (as well as the template page) can be done both by means of the site itself and with the use of third-party software. The ability to edit all pages is provided only to a specific category of users (for example, administrators, or registered users). In some cases, anonymous users are allowed to edit certain web content, which is less frequent (for example, on forums - adding messages). An example of a site with an anonymous change is Wikipedia.


title: Web design

text: Usability experts, including Jakob Nielsen and Kyle Soucy, have often emphasised homepage design for website success and asserted that the homepage is the most important page on a website. However practitioners into the 2000s were starting to find that a growing number of website traffic was bypassing the homepage, going directly to internal content pages through search engines, e-newsletters and RSS feeds. Leading many practitioners to argue that homepages are less important than most people think. Jared Spool argued in 2007 that a site's homepage was actually the least important page on a website.


title: Web design

text: In 2012 and 2013, carousels (also called 'sliders' and 'rotating banners') have become an extremely popular design element on homepages, often used to showcase featured or recent content in a confined space. Many practitioners argue that carousels are an ineffective design element and hurt a website's search engine optimisation and usability.


title: Web design

text: There are two primary jobs involved in creating a website: the web designer and web developer, who often work closely together on a website. The web designers are responsible for the visual aspect, which includes the layout, coloring, and typography of a web page. Web designers will also have a working knowledge of markup languages such as HTML and CSS, although the extent of their knowledge will differ from one web designer to another. Particularly in smaller organizations, one person will need the necessary skills for designing and programming the full web page, while larger organizations may have a web designer responsible for the visual aspect alone.


title: Integration by parts

text: In calculus, and more generally in mathematical analysis, integration by parts or partial integration is a process that finds the integral of a product of functions in terms of the integral of the product of their derivative and antiderivative. It is frequently used to transform the antiderivative of a product of functions into an antiderivative for which a solution can be more easily found. The rule can be thought of as an integral version of the product rule of differentiation.


title: Integration by parts

text: Or, letting formula_2 and formula_3 while formula_4 and formula_5, the formula can be written more compactly:


title: Integration by parts

text: Mathematician Brook Taylor discovered integration by parts, first publishing the idea in 1715. More general formulations of integration by parts exist for the Riemann–Stieltjes and Lebesgue–Stieltjes integrals. The discrete analogue for sequences is called summation by parts.


title: Integration by parts

text: The theorem can be derived as follows. For two continuously differentiable functions "u"("x") and "v"("x"), the product rule states:


title: Integration by parts

text: where we neglect writing the constant of integration. This yields the formula for integration by parts:


title: Integration by parts

text: This is to be understood as an equality of functions with an unspecified constant added to each side. Taking the difference of each side between two values "x" = "a" and "x" = "b" and applying the fundamental theorem of calculus gives the definite integral version:


title: Integration by parts

text: The original integral ∫ "uv"′ "dx" contains the derivative "v"′; to apply the theorem, one must find "v", the antiderivative of "v"', then evaluate the resulting integral ∫ "vu"′ "dx".


title: Integration by parts

text: It is not necessary for "u" and "v" to be continuously differentiable. Integration by parts works if "u" is absolutely continuous and the function designated "v"′ is Lebesgue integrable (but not necessarily continuous). (If "v"′ has a point of discontinuity then its antiderivative "v" may not have a derivative at that point.)


title: Integration by parts

text: If the interval of integration is not compact, then it is not necessary for "u" to be absolutely continuous in the whole interval or for "v"′ to be Lebesgue integrable in the interval, as a couple of examples (in which "u" and "v" are continuous and continuously differentiable) will show. For instance, if


title: Integration by parts

text: so long as formula_17 is taken to mean the limit of formula_18 as formula_19 and so long as the two terms on the right-hand side are finite. This is only true if we choose formula_20 Similarly, if


title: Integration by parts

text: One can also easily come up with similar examples in which "u" and "v" are "not" continuously differentiable.


title: Integration by parts

text: Further, if formula_23 is a function of bounded variation on the segment formula_24 and formula_25 is differentiable on formula_24 then


title: Integration by parts

text: where formula_28 denotes the signed measure corresponding to the function of bounded variation formula_29, and functions formula_30 are extensions of formula_31 to formula_32 which are respectively of bounded variation and differentiable.


title: Integration by parts

text: Integrating the product rule for three multiplied functions, "u"("x"), "v"("x"), "w"("x"), gives a similar result:


title: Integration by parts

text: Consider a parametric curve by ("x", "y") = ("f"("t"), "g"("t")). Assuming that the curve is locally one-to-one and integrable, we can define


title: Integration by parts

text: The total area "A" + "A" is equal to the area of the bigger rectangle, "x""y", minus the area of the smaller one, "x""y":


title: Integration by parts

text: Thus integration by parts may be thought of as deriving the area of the blue region from the area of rectangles and that of the red region.


title: Integration by parts

text: This visualization also explains why integration by parts may help find the integral of an inverse function "f"("x") when the integral of the function "f"("x") is known. Indeed, the functions "x"("y") and "y"("x") are inverses, and the integral ∫ "x" "dy" may be calculated as above from knowing the integral ∫ "y" "dx". In particular, this explains use of integration by parts to integrate logarithm and inverse trigonometric functions. In fact, if formula_44 is a differentiable one-to-one function on an interval, then integration by parts can be used to derive a formula for the integral of formula_45in terms of the integral of formula_44. This is demonstrated in the article, Integral of inverse functions.


title: Integration by parts

text: Integration by parts is a heuristic rather than a purely mechanical process for solving integrals; given a single function to integrate, the typical strategy is to carefully separate this single function into a product of two functions "u"("x")"v"("x") such that the residual integral from the integration by parts formula is easier to evaluate than the single function. The following form is useful in illustrating the best strategy to take:


title: Integration by parts

text: On the right-hand side, "u" is differentiated and "v" is integrated; consequently it is useful to choose "u" as a function that simplifies when differentiated, or to choose "v" as a function that simplifies when integrated. As a simple example, consider:


title: Integration by parts

text: Since the derivative of ln("x") is , one makes (ln("x")) part "u"; since the antiderivative of is −, one makes  "dx" part "dv". The formula now yields:


title: Integration by parts

text: Alternatively, one may choose "u" and "v" such that the product "u"′ (∫"v" "dx") simplifies due to cancellation. For example, suppose one wishes to integrate:


title: Integration by parts

text: If we choose "u"("x") = ln(|sin("x")|) and "v"("x") = secx, then "u" differentiates to 1/ tan "x" using the chain rule and "v" integrates to tan "x"; so the formula gives:


title: Integration by parts

text: The integrand simplifies to 1, so the antiderivative is "x". Finding a simplifying combination frequently involves experimentation.


title: Integration by parts

text: In some applications, it may not be necessary to ensure that the integral produced by integration by parts has a simple form; for example, in numerical analysis, it may suffice that it has small magnitude and so contributes only a small error term. Some other special techniques are demonstrated in the examples below.


title: Integration by parts

text: repeatedly using integration by parts can evaluate integrals such as these; each application of the theorem lowers the power of "x" by one.


title: Integration by parts

text: The same integral shows up on both sides of this equation. The integral can simply be added to both sides to get


title: Integration by parts

text: Two other well-known examples are when integration by parts is applied to a function expressed as a product of 1 and itself. This works if the derivative of the function is known, and the integral of this derivative times "x" is also known.


title: Integration by parts

text: A rule of thumb has been proposed, consisting of choosing as "u" the function that comes first in the following list:


title: Integration by parts

text: The function which is to be "dv" is whichever comes last in the list. The reason is that functions lower on the list generally have easier antiderivatives than the functions above them. The rule is sometimes written as "DETAIL" where "D" stands for "dv" and the top of the list is the function chosen to be "dv".


title: Integration by parts

text: Following the LIATE rule, "u" = "x", and "dv" = cos("x") "dx", hence "du" = "dx", and "v" = sin("x"), which makes the integral become


title: Integration by parts

text: In general, one tries to choose "u" and "dv" such that "du" is simpler than "u" and "dv" is easy to integrate. If instead cos("x") was chosen as "u", and "x dx" as "dv", we would have the integral


title: Integration by parts

text: which, after recursive application of the integration by parts formula, would clearly result in an infinite recursion and lead nowhere.


title: Integration by parts

text: Although a useful rule of thumb, there are exceptions to the LIATE rule. A common alternative is to consider the rules in the "ILATE" order instead. Also, in some cases, polynomial terms need to be split in non-trivial ways. For example, to integrate


title: Integration by parts

text: The gamma function is an example of a special function, defined as an improper integral for formula_92. Integration by parts illustrates it to be an extension of the factorial function:


title: Integration by parts

text: when formula_95 is a natural number, that is, formula_96, applying this formula repeatedly gives the factorial: formula_97


title: Integration by parts

text: Integration by parts is often used in harmonic analysis, particularly Fourier analysis, to show that quickly oscillating integrals with sufficiently smooth integrands decay quickly. The most common example of this is its use in showing that the decay of function's Fourier transform depends on the smoothness of that function, as described below.


title: Integration by parts

text: If "f" is a "k"-times continuously differentiable function and all derivatives up to the "k"th one decay to zero at infinity, then its Fourier transform satisfies


title: Integration by parts

text: where is the "k"th derivative of "f". (The exact constant on the right depends on the convention of the Fourier transform used.) This is proved by noting that


title: Integration by parts

text: Applying this inductively gives the result for general "k". A similar method can be used to find the Laplace transform of a derivative of a function.


title: Integration by parts

text: The above result tells us about the decay of the Fourier transform, since it follows that if "f" and are integrable then


title: Integration by parts

text: In other words, if "f" satisfies these conditions then its Fourier transform decays at infinity at least as quickly as . In particular, if then the Fourier transform is integrable.


title: Integration by parts

text: One use of integration by parts in operator theory is that it shows that the (where ∆ is the Laplace operator) is a positive operator on (see "L" space). If "f" is smooth and compactly supported then, using integration by parts, we have


title: Integration by parts

text: Considering a second derivative of formula_105 in the integral on the LHS of the formula for partial integration suggests a repeated application to the integral on the RHS:


title: Integration by parts

text: This concept may be useful when the successive integrals of formula_108 are readily available (e.g., plain exponentials or sine and cosine, as in Laplace or Fourier transforms), and when the th derivative of formula_109 vanishes (e.g., as a polynomial function with degree formula_110). The latter condition stops the repeating of partial integration, because the RHS-integral vanishes.


title: Integration by parts

text: get related. This may be interpreted as arbitrarily "shifting" derivatives between formula_105 and formula_109 within the integrand, and proves useful, too (see Rodrigues' formula).


title: Integration by parts

text: The essential process of the above formula can be summarized in a table; the resulting method is called "tabular integration" and was featured in the film "Stand and Deliver" (1988).


title: Integration by parts

text: Begin to list in column A the function formula_118 and its subsequent derivatives formula_119 until zero is reached. Then list in column B the function formula_120 and its subsequent integrals formula_121 until the size of column B is the same as that of column A. The result is as follows:


title: Integration by parts

text: The product of the entries in of columns A and B together with the respective sign give the relevant integrals in in the course of repeated integration by parts. yields the original integral. For the complete result in the must be added to all the previous products () of the of column A and the of column B (i.e., multiply the 1st entry of column A with the 2nd entry of column B, the 2nd entry of column A with the 3rd entry of column B, etc. ...) with the given This process comes to a natural halt, when the product, which yields the integral, is zero ( in the example). The complete result is the following (with the alternating signs in each term):


title: Integration by parts

text: The repeated partial integration also turns out useful, when in the course of respectively differentiating and integrating the functions formula_119 and formula_121 their product results in a multiple of the original integrand. In this case the repetition may also be terminated with this index This can happen, expectably, with exponentials and trigonometric functions. As an example consider


title: Integration by parts

text: In this case the product of the terms in columns A and B with the appropriate sign for index yields the negative of the original integrand (compare


title: Integration by parts

text: Observing that the integral on the RHS can have its own constant of integration formula_128, and bringing the abstract integral to the other side, gives


title: Integration by parts

text: Integration by parts can be extended to functions of several variables by applying a version of the fundamental theorem of calculus to an appropriate product rule. There are several such pairings possible in multivariate calculus, involving a scalar-valued function "u" and vector-valued function (vector field) V.


title: Integration by parts

text: Suppose formula_132 is an open bounded subset of formula_133 with a piecewise smooth boundary formula_134. Integrating over formula_132 with respect to the standard volume form formula_136, and applying the divergence theorem, gives:


title: Integration by parts

text: where formula_138 is the outward unit normal vector to the boundary, integrated with respect to its standard Riemannian volume form formula_139. Rearranging gives:


title: Integration by parts

text: The regularity requirements of the theorem can be relaxed. For instance, the boundary formula_142 need only be Lipschitz continuous, and the functions "u", "v" need only lie in the Sobolev space "H"(Ω).


title: Integration by parts

text: Consider the continuously differentiable vector fields formula_143 and formula_144, where formula_145is the "i"-th standard basis vector for formula_146. Now apply the above integration by parts to each formula_147 times the vector field formula_148:


title: The Darjeeling Limited

text: The Darjeeling Limited is a 2007 American comedy-drama film directed by Wes Anderson, which he co-produced with Scott Rudin, Roman Coppola, and Lydia Dean Pilcher, and co-wrote with Roman Coppola and Jason Schwartzman. The film stars Owen Wilson, Adrien Brody, and Schwartzman as three estranged brothers who agree to meet in India a year after their father's funeral for a "spiritual journey" aboard a luxury train. The cast also includes Waris Ahluwalia, Amara Karan, Barbet Schroeder, and Anjelica Huston, with Natalie Portman, Camilla Rutherford, Irrfan Khan, and Bill Murray in cameo roles.


title: The Darjeeling Limited

text: The film was released on October 26, 2007 by Fox Searchlight Pictures. The film received generally favorable reviews from critics and earned $35 million on a $17.5 million budget. The film premiered at the 64th Venice International Film Festival in competition for the Golden Lion and was named among the Top Films of the Year at the 2007 NYFCO Awards.


title: The Darjeeling Limited

text: In India, a businessman fails to catch his train, "The Darjeeling Limited", as it pulls out of a station; he is beaten to it by a younger man, Peter Whitman. Peter reunites with his brothers Francis and Jack on board, the three having not seen each other since their father's funeral a year earlier.


title: The Darjeeling Limited

text: Francis, the oldest, has recently survived a near-fatal motorcycle accident, leaving his face and head covered in bandages, wishes to reconcile with his brothers on a journey of spiritual self-discovery. He is also covertly searching for their mother Patricia, whom the brothers have not seen in many years. With the help of his assistant Brendan, Francis draws up a strict itinerary for the trip and confiscates his brothers' passports to prevent them from getting off the train too early. The brothers also continue to grieve over their father's death: all three carry many items of luggage marked with his initials, along with other personal items that belonged to him.


title: The Darjeeling Limited

text: The train takes the brothers through the countryside and to various Hindu temples, though tension builds as Peter, and Jack, the youngest, become infuriated with Francis' controlling behavior. Francis eventually reveals that they will be meeting with their mother, who has become a nun living at a Christian convent in the Himalayas. Peter and Jack are angry; Peter knows they would not have come if they had been told this earlier. The atmosphere finally comes to a head, and the brothers have a physical altercation on the train, distressing the other passengers. The Chief Steward, whom the brothers have repeatedly wronged, has them thrown off with all their luggage. Brendan subsequently quits and returns to the train after giving the boys a letter from their mother; its contents imply that she does not want to see them. The brothers thus decide to leave India, go their separate ways, and never return.


title: The Darjeeling Limited

text: After hiking through the wilderness, the brothers see three young boys fall into a river while attempting to pull a raft across it. Jack and Francis rescue two of the boys, but Peter fails to save the third, who dies. They carry the body back to the boys' village, where they spend the night and are treated kindly. They attend the funeral the next day and experience a repressed flashback: accompanied by Alice, Peter's wife, the brothers are shown heading to their father's funeral, and then stopping to pick up his Porsche from the repair shop, even though the car is not ready. It is revealed that their father's death was a result of his being hit by a taxi, and that their mother did not attend the funeral.


title: The Darjeeling Limited

text: Back in the present, the brothers arrive at the airport, but they suddenly decide to rip up their tickets and go visit their mother. They reach the convent, where their mother Patricia is surprised but overjoyed to see them, and Francis coyly admits that his accident was actually a suicide attempt. That night, after the brothers confront Patricia for abandoning them, the family gathers together in silence, and reconnects in love. The brothers awake the next morning to find their mother gone, leaving them their breakfast. They decide not to wait for her to return.


title: The Darjeeling Limited

text: At the train station, the brothers run for another train, the "Bengal Lancer", and gleefully discard all their father's suitcases and bags to catch it. On board, Francis offers to return Peter and Jack their passports, but is told instead to hold onto them. Francis says, "Let's go get a drink, and smoke a cigarette", and the brothers leave their compartment.


title: The Darjeeling Limited

text: Much of the film was shot in Jodhpur, Rajasthan. The Himalaya scenes were shot in Udaipur, and the opening scene of the film was also shot on the streets of Jodhpur. The International Airport shown near the end is the old terminal building of Udaipur Airport. The hill featured at the end of the movie is Elephant Hill, Narlai. The scenes set in New York were filmed in Long Island City.


title: The Darjeeling Limited

text: The soundtrack features three songs by The Kinks, "Powerman", "Strangers", and "This Time Tomorrow", all from the 1970 album, "Lola Versus Powerman and the Moneygoround, Part One", as well as "Play With Fire" by The Rolling Stones. "Where Do You Go To (My Lovely)" by Peter Sarstedt is prominently featured as well, being played within the film more than once. Most of the album, however, features film score music composed by Bengali filmmaker Satyajit Ray, Merchant Ivory films, and other artists from Indian cinema. Director Wes Anderson has said that it was Satyajit Ray's movies that made him want to come to India. The works include "Charu's Theme", from Ray's 1964 film "Charulata", film-score cues by Shankar Jaikishan and classic works by Debussy and Beethoven. The film ends with the 1969 song "Les Champs-Élysées" by French singer Joe Dassin, who was the son of blacklisted American director Jules Dassin.


title: The Darjeeling Limited

text: "The Darjeeling Limited" made its world premiere on 3 September 2007 at the Venice Film Festival, where it was in competition for the Golden Lion and won the Little Golden Lion. The film's North American premiere was on 28 September 2007 at the 45th annual New York Film Festival, where it was the opening film. It then opened in a limited commercial release in North America on 5 October 2007.


title: The Darjeeling Limited

text: The film opened across North America on 26 October 2007 and in the UK on 23 November 2007, in both territories preceded in showings by "Hotel Chevalier". The film grossed $134,938 in two theaters in its opening weekend, for an average of $67,469 for each theater.


title: The Darjeeling Limited

text: The film (widescreen edition) was released on DVD 26 February 2008 on Fox Searchlight, with features limited to a behind-the-scenes documentary, theatrical trailer, and the inclusion of "Hotel Chevalier". The film was re-released by the Criterion Collection on 12 October 2010 on both DVD and Blu-ray, the latter being the film's first release on the format.


title: The Darjeeling Limited

text: The film received generally favorable reviews from critics. , on the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, 69% of critics gave the film positive reviews, based on 193 reviews, with a weighted average of 6.70/10. The site's consensus reads: "With the requisite combination of humor, sorrow, and outstanding visuals, "The Darjeeling Limited" will satisfy Wes Anderson fans." On Metacritic, the film had an average score of 67 out of 100, based on 35 reviews. The film has a rating of 7.2 out of 10 on the Internet Movie Database.


title: The Darjeeling Limited

text: Roger Ebert of the "Chicago Sun-Times" gave 3.5 out of 4, calling the film's Indian context as one of its main highlights. Ebert singled out Anderson's script, which, according to Ebert, "uses India not in a touristy way, but as a backdrop that is very, very there." Chris Cabin of Filmcritic.com gave the film 4 stars out of 5 and described Anderson's film as "the auteur's best work to date." "Entertainment Weekly" film critic Lisa Schwarzbaum gave the film a "B+" and said "This is psychological as well as stylistic familiar territory for Anderson after "Rushmore" and "The Royal Tenenbaums". But there's a startling new maturity in "Darjeeling", a compassion for the larger world that busts the confines of the filmmaker's miniaturist instincts." A.O. Scott of "The New York Times" said that the film "is unstintingly fussy, vain and self-regarding. But it is also a treasure: an odd, flawed, but nonetheless beautifully handmade object as apt to win affection as to provoke annoyance. You might say that it has sentimental value."


title: The Darjeeling Limited

text: Timothy Knight of Reel.com gave the film 3 stars out of 4 and said "Although "The Darjeeling Limited" pales in comparison to Anderson's best film, "Rushmore" (1998), it's still a vast improvement over his last, and worst film, "The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou" (2004)." Nathan Lee of "The Village Voice" wrote "A companion piece to "Tenenbaums" more than a step in new directions, "Darjeeling" is a movie about people trapped in themselves and what it takes to get free—a movie, quite literally, about letting go of your baggage." "The Christian Science Monitor" critic Peter Rainer said "Wes Anderson doesn't make movies like anybody else, which is sometimes a good thing and sometimes not. His latest, "The Darjeeling Limited", combines what's best and worst about him." "New York Magazine" critic David Edelstein said that the film is "hit and miss, but its tone of lyric melancholy is remarkably sustained."


title: The Darjeeling Limited

text: Nick Schager of "Slant Magazine" gave the film 2 stars out of 4 and said "the ingredients that have increasingly defined Wes Anderson's films...seem, with "The Darjeeling Limited", to have become something like limitations." Emanuel Levy gave the film a "C" and said "Going to India and collaborating with two new writers do little to invigorate or reenergize director Wes Anderson in "The Darjeeling Limited", because he imposes the same themes, self-conscious approach, and serio-comic sensibility of his previous films on the new one, confining his three lost brothers not only within his limited world, but also within a limited space, a train compartment." Levy also said "after reaching a nadir with his last feature, the $50 million folly "The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou", which was an artistic and commercial flop, Anderson could only go upward." Dana Stevens of "Slate" magazine wrote, "Maybe Anderson needs to shoot someone else's screenplay, to get outside his own head for a while and into another's sensibility. It's telling that his funniest and liveliest recent work was a commercial for American Express." Kyle Smith of the "New York Post" gave the film 1 stars out of 4 and said "At a stage in Anderson’s career when he should be moving on, he is instead circling back."


title: The Darjeeling Limited

text: Glenn Kenny of "Premiere" named it the fifth best film of 2007, and Mike Russell of "The Oregonian" named it the eighth best film of 2007.


title: Vinaya Vidheya Rama

text: Vinaya Vidheya Rama () is a 2019 Indian Telugu-language action film written and directed by Boyapati Srinu and produced by DVV Danayya. The film stars Ram Charan, Vivek Oberoi and Kiara Advani. The music was composed by Devi Sri Prasad. The film revolves around Konidela Ram Charan, an angry young man who sets out to destroy a dictator in Bihar, after the lives of his loved ones are threatened.


title: Vinaya Vidheya Rama

text: The film was released on 11 January 2019 along with dubbed versions in Tamil and Malayalam. It soon received negative reviews from critics and became a box-office bomb, which prompted Charan to issue an apology letter.


title: Vinaya Vidheya Rama

text: Konidela Ram Charan alias Ram is an infant, who is adopted by four brothers: Konidela Bhuvan Kumar, Sekar, Raju and Madhunandan. At a young age, Ram kills a kidnapper, who wanted to kill them as they became a witness to his crimes. When Dr. Konidela Subramanyam learns about this, he decide to raise them as their children.


title: Vinaya Vidheya Rama

text: Years later, Ram leads a happy life with his brothers, sister-in-laws and their children. Bhuvan is now an chief election commissioner with Ram, along with Sekar, Raju and Madhunandan as his subordinates. Ram later falls in love with Sita, the daughter of woman's right activist, Puppy and soon they get engaged. Ballem Balaram is an aspiring politician, who tries to bribe Bhuvan as the former had seized his black money. However, Bhuvan refuses, which infrutiates Balaram and threatens him, but Ram threatens him back in front of the media.


title: Vinaya Vidheya Rama

text: Balram's brother-in-law Pandem Parasuram ask Bhuvan to apologize, but Ram threatens and thrashes him. Humiliated, Parasuram approaches Shankar, an encounter specialist. Shankar takes Ram's family hostage. Ram reaches the spot to apologize Paeasuram, but encounters goons from Bihar, sent by the dictator Raja Bhai. After executing all of them, Gayathri Devi, Ram's elder sister-in-law and Bhuvan's wife questions Ram about the happenings.


title: Vinaya Vidheya Rama

text: Past: Bhuvan is actually sent to Bihar as the election commissioner, who travels to Bihar with his subordinates. Ram travels to Gujarat with his family and Sita in order to visit a temple. When Bhuvan reaches Bihar, they are captured and brought to Raja Bhai. Bhuvan calls Ram, who was at the airport. Ram manages to reach the spot and finishes 300 men single-handedly, where he gets captured and taken to Raja Bhai. A fight ensues where Bhuvan gets stabbed by Raja Bhai and Ram severely wounds Raja Bhai, thus sending him to a coma.


title: Vinaya Vidheya Rama

text: Present: Gayathri is devastated upon learning this, and tells Ram to take her to Bhuvan's pyre and later to Raja Bhai. Raja Bhai recovers from coma, and Gayathri challenges him to fight Ram. Ram fights Raja Bhai's henchmen and soon decapitates Raja Bhai with a sword attached to a tree.


title: Vinaya Vidheya Rama

text: Rishi Punjabi, who worked with Boyapati Sreenu on "Sarrainodu" and "Jaya Janaki Nayaka", was the initial cinematographer. He shot half of the film before opting out, due to scheduling conflicts. As a result, Arthur A. Wilson completed the rest of the portions. It was his fourth collaboration with Boyapati Sreenu after "Bhadra", "Simha", and "Dammu".


title: Vinaya Vidheya Rama

text: The film also marks the return of Tamil actor Prashanth in Telugu films after nearly 25 years following "Tholi Muddhu" (1993).


title: Vinaya Vidheya Rama

text: "Vinaya Vidheya Rama" was released worldwide on 11 January 2019 coinciding with the Sankranthi weekend.


title: Vinaya Vidheya Rama

text: Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of "The Hindu" wrote "Vinaya Vidheya Rama is a unique film that needs to be watched, especially for aspiring screenwriters and directors to know how not to write or make a film". "The Times of India" gave 1.5 out of 5 stars stating "Boyapati becomes a pale shadow of himself as a storyteller. The problem with Vinaya Vidheya Rama isn't the deja vu factor but the fact that the filmmaker takes the audiences and cinematic liberties for granted". "India Today" gave 2 out of 5 stars stating "Vinaya Vidheya Rama has a meaty story which could have been made into an entertaining commercial actioner. But no, Boyapati Srinu had bigger plans with the film. A plan so big that the story defies gravity, logic, et al(and others)".


title: Vinaya Vidheya Rama

text: "The Indian Express" gave 1 out of 5 stars stating "Vinaya Vidheya Rama is like watching a Balakrishna action film on steroids. Clumsy and unconvincing screenplay". "The New Indian Express" gave 1.5 out of 5 stars stating "If there is a plot and a story that is worth a notice, then it is lost between all the fights, songs, dances and random elevation dialogues". "Hindustan Times" gave 0.5 out of 5 stars stating "The film itself feels dated. It is a mess that even Ram Charan – with all the weird stunts -- cannot punch his way out of". "Firstpost" gave 1.5 out of 5 stars stating "Realism has absolutely no place in the world of Vinaya Vidheya Rama".


title: The Ghost and the Darkness

text: The Ghost and the Darkness is a 1996 American historical adventure film directed by Stephen Hopkins and starring Val Kilmer and Michael Douglas. The screenplay, written by William Goldman, is a fictionalized account of the Tsavo man-eaters, a pair of male lions that terrorized workers in and around Tsavo, Kenya during the building of the Uganda-Mombasa Railway in East Africa in 1898.


title: The Ghost and the Darkness

text: The film received mixed reviews and was considered a box office disappointment, having grossed only $75 million against a production budget of $55 million. It won the Academy Award for Best Sound Editing for supervising sound editor Bruce Stambler.


title: The Ghost and the Darkness

text: In 1898, Robert Beaumont, the primary financier of a railway project in Tsavo, Kenya, seeks out the expertise of Lt. Colonel John Henry Patterson, an Anglo-Irish British military engineer, to get the project on schedule. Patterson travels from England to Tsavo, promising his wife, Helena, that he will complete the bridge and be back in London for the birth of their child. Shortly after his arrival, he meets British supervisor Angus Starling, Kenyan foreman Samuel, and Doctor David Hawthorne. Hawthorne informs Patterson of a recent lion attack that has affected the undertaking.


title: The Ghost and the Darkness

text: That same night, Patterson ends the life of an approaching lion with a single gunshot, earning the respect of the laborers and allowing them to resume their activities safely. Only a few weeks after, however, Mahina, the construction foreman, is dragged from his tent. At sunrise, his mutilated body is recovered, and Patterson tries another night-time hunt, seeking to catch the lion that ate Mahina, but in the morning, he is informed by Starling that the corpse of a second worker has been found at the opposing end of the camp from his position.


title: The Ghost and the Darkness

text: Patterson, heeding the advice of Samuel, employs the workers in building thorn fences around the tents in order to prevent any lions from entering. Several days later, in broad daylight, a lion assails the camp, killing another worker. As Patterson, Starling, and Samuel corner the lion while it is feasting on the body, another lion leaps upon them from the roof of a building, slicing Starling across the throat and injuring Patterson on the left arm. Patterson recovers and attempts to shoot them, but both lions escape. Samuel states that there has never been a pair of man-eaters before; they have always been solitary hunters.


title: The Ghost and the Darkness

text: The workers, led by a man named Abdullah, begin to turn on Patterson and, consequently, progress on the bridge comes to a halt. Patterson requests soldiers from England as protection, but he is denied. During a brief visit to the site, Beaumont threatens Patterson that, should his commission not be concluded on time, he will tarnish his reputation. He also announces that he will be contacting the famed hunter Charles Remington to help Patterson in eliminating the threat due to his past failures.


title: The Ghost and the Darkness

text: A short time later, Remington reaches Tsavo with the company of skilled Maasai warriors, who dub the lions "the Ghost" and "the Darkness" because of their notorious methods. Remington’s initial attempt to trap one lion in a thicket fails when Patterson's borrowed gun misfires. The warriors decide to leave, daunted by the beast, but Remington elects to stay behind. He constructs a new hospital tent for sick and injured workers and tempts the lions to the abandoned building with animal parts and blood. The man-eaters seemingly fall for the trap, but Remington and Patterson shoot at them, and they retreat to the new hospital, slaughtering many patients and Hawthorne.


title: The Ghost and the Darkness

text: Abdullah and the workers depart, leaving Patterson, Remington, and Samuel alone. The former two locate the animals' lair and discover the bones of dozens of victims, leading Remington to the realization that the lions are acting as they have been merely for sport. Back at camp that evening, Patterson mounts a hunting stand in a clearing and lures one of the predators to his position using a baboon as bait. The plan goes awry after Patterson falls from the stand, but Remington manages to slay the feline before it can leap on Patterson. He, Patterson, and Samuel spend the remainder of the night drinking and celebrating, but the next morning, Patterson awakes to find that the remaining lion has devoured Remington as he and Samuel slept.


title: The Ghost and the Darkness

text: The two men cremate Remington’s remains and burn the tall grass surrounding the camp, driving the surviving lion toward the trap that they have set there. It ambushes them on the partially constructed bridge and, after a lengthy chase, Patterson finally dispatches it with a double-rifle Samuel has thrown to him from a nearby tree. Abdullah and the workers return, and the bridge is completed on time. Patterson reunites with his wife and meets his son for the first time.


title: The Ghost and the Darkness

text: The film is based upon "The Man-Eaters of Tsavo" by Lieutenant Colonel John Henry Patterson, the man who actually killed both real lions.


title: The Ghost and the Darkness

text: William Goldman first heard about the story when travelling in Africa in 1984, and thought it would make a good script. In 1989 he pitched the story to Paramount as a cross between "Lawrence of Arabia" and "Jaws", and they commissioned him to write a screenplay which he delivered in 1990.


title: The Ghost and the Darkness

text: "My particular feeling is that they were evil," said Goldman of the lions. "I believe that for nine months, evil popped out of the ground at Tsavo."


title: The Ghost and the Darkness

text: The script fictionalizes Patterson's account, introducing an American big game hunter called Charles Remington. The character was based on Anglo-Indian big game hunter Charles H. Ryall, superintendent of the Railway Police. In original drafts the character was called Redbeard, and Goldman says his purpose in the story was to create an imposing character who could be killed by the lions and make Patterson seem more brave; Goldman says his ideal casting for the role would have been Burt Lancaster.


title: The Ghost and the Darkness

text: According to Goldman, Kevin Costner expressed interest in playing Patterson, but Paramount wanted to use Tom Cruise who ultimately declined. Work on the film slowed until Michael Douglas moved his producing unit with partner Steven Reuther, Constellation Films, to Paramount. Douglas read the script and loved it, calling it "an incredible thriller about events that actually took place." Douglas decided to produce and Stephen Hopkins was hired to direct.


title: The Ghost and the Darkness

text: Val Kilmer, who had just made "Batman Forever" and was a frequent visitor to Africa then expressed enthusiasm for the script, which enabled the project to be financed.


title: The Ghost and the Darkness

text: The part of Remington was originally offered to Sean Connery and Anthony Hopkins but both declined; the producers were considering asking Gérard Depardieu when Douglas decided to play the role himself. Stephen Hopkins later said he was unhappy about this.


title: The Ghost and the Darkness

text: In early drafts of the script, Remington was originally going to be an enigmatic figure but when Douglas chose to play him, the character's role was expanded and was given a history. In Goldman's book "Which Lie Did I Tell?", the screenwriter argues that Douglas' decision ruined the mystery of the character, making him a "wimp" and a "loser".


title: The Ghost and the Darkness

text: The film was shot mainly on location at Songimvelo Game Reserve in South Africa, rather than Kenya, due to tax laws. Many Maasai characters in the film were actually portrayed by South African actors, although the Maasai depicted during the hunt were portrayed by real Maasai warriors who were hired for the movie.


title: The Ghost and the Darkness

text: While the real man-eaters were, like all lions from the Tsavo region, a more aggressive, maneless variety, those used for filming were actually the least aggressive available, for both safety and aesthetic reasons. The film's lions were two male lions with manes. They were brothers named "Caesar" and "Bongo", who were residents of the Bowmanville Zoo in Bowmanville, Ontario, Canada, both of whom were also featured in "George of the Jungle". The film also featured three other lions: two from France and one from the USA.


title: The Ghost and the Darkness

text: We had snake bites, scorpion bites, tick bite fever, people getting hit by lightning, floods, torrential rains and lightning storms, hippos chasing people through the water, cars getting swept into the water, and several deaths of crew members, including two drownings... Val came to the set under the worst conditions imaginable. He was completely exhausted from doing "The Island of Dr. Moreau"; he was dealing with the unfavorable publicity from that set; he was going through a divorce; he barely had time to get his teeth into this role before we started; and he is in nearly every scene in this movie. But I worked him six or seven days a week for four months under really adverse conditions, and he really came through. He had a passion for this film.


title: The Ghost and the Darkness

text: During its opening weekend, "The Ghost and the Darkness" grossed $10.3 million. The film ultimately grossed over $38.6 million domestically, and $75 million worldwide.


title: The Ghost and the Darkness

text: The film won the Academy Award for Best Sound Editing (Bruce Stambler) at the 69th Academy Awards. However, Val Kilmer was nominated for the Razzie Award for Worst Supporting Actor. Reviews were mixed, with Rotten Tomatoes giving it a 51% rating based on 51 reviews. The site's consensus states: ""The Ghost and the Darkness" hits its target as a suspenseful adventure, but it falls into a trap of its own making whenever it reaches for supernatural profundity." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 46 out of 100, based on 26 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


title: The Ghost and the Darkness

text: Roger Ebert said the film was so awful it "lacked the usual charm of being so bad it's funny" adding it was "an African adventure that makes the Tarzan movies look subtle and realistic". Ebert would put the film on his list of the worst movies of 1996. Conversely, the late David R. Ellis listed this film at #8 on his "Top 10 Animal Horror Movies" countdown, a list he made to promote the release of "Shark Night 3D".


title: The Ghost and the Darkness

text: "The Ghost and the Darkness" was released by Paramount Home Video on VHS on April 1, 1997. Later on, the film is available as a one-disc DVD. There are no special features besides a theatrical trailer. The film was released on LaserDisc in 1997 as a one-disc, double-sided release featuring a Dolby Digital audio track.


title: The Ghost and the Darkness

text: Although Patterson claimed the lions were responsible for up to 135 deaths, a peer-reviewed paper on man-eating lions and the circumstances surrounding this notorious event states that about 28–31 killings can be verified (Kerbis Peterhans & Gnoske, 2001). However, one underlying assumption of the study was that the lions would eat all of the edible meat on a victim. In other words, the study's conclusion was that the lions ate the equivalent of 28-31 whole people. This obviously does not take into account that some victims may have been killed and either partially eaten or not eaten at all.


title: The Ghost and the Darkness

text: Patterson's 1907 book itself states that "between them (the lions) no less than 28 Indian coolies, in addition to scores of unfortunate African natives of whom no official record was kept" were killed. This lesser number was confirmed in the definitive paper on man-eating behavior and the Tsavo lions by Kerbis Peterhans and Gnoske (2001) and soon thereafter in Dr. Bruce Patterson's definitive book "The Lions of Tsavo: Exploring the Legacy of Africa's Notorious Man-Eaters" published by McGraw-Hill in 2004. Kerbis Peterhans & Gnoske showed that the greater toll attributed to the lions resulted from a pamphlet written by Col. Patterson in 1925, stating "these two ferocious brutes killed and devoured, under the most appalling circumstances, 135 Indian and African artisans and laborers employed in the construction of the Uganda Railway."


title: The Ghost and the Darkness

text: The location where the bridge was built is now called Man-Eater's Camp. It is in Tsavo East National Park, Kenya, about east of Mount Kilimanjaro and southeast of Nairobi, at


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: "All I Want for Christmas Is You" is a song recorded by American singer Mariah Carey for her fourth studio album and first holiday album, "Merry Christmas" (1994). Written and produced by Carey and Walter Afanasieff, the song was released as the lead single from the album on October 29, 1994. The track is an uptempo love song that includes bell chimes, backing vocals and synthesizers. The song has become a Christmas standard and continues to surge in popularity each holiday season.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: "All I Want for Christmas Is You" received critical acclaim, with "The New Yorker" describing it as "one of the few worthy modern additions to the holiday canon". The song became a global success, topping the charts in twenty-eight countries including Australia, Canada, France and Germany. In 2019, it topped the US "Billboard" Hot 100 for the first time, 25 years after its original release, thereby breaking several records, including the longest trip to number one. The following year, it also topped the charts in the United Kingdom for the first time, spending a record 69 weeks in its top 40 prior to reaching number one. With an estimated sales of over 14 million copies worldwide, "All I Want for Christmas Is You" is the best-selling holiday song by a female artist, and one of the best-selling physical singles in music history. The song is certified Diamond by RIAA, denoting sales of 10 million copies in the United States, becoming the first and only holiday song to accomplish this feat. By 2017, it had reportedly earned $60 million in royalties.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: Two music videos were originally commissioned for the song. The primary video features grainy home-movie-style footage of Carey, her dogs and family during the holiday season, as well as Carey dressed in a Santa suit frolicking on a snowy mountainside. Carey's then-husband Tommy Mottola makes a cameo as Santa Claus, bringing Carey a gift and leaving on a red sleigh. The second video was filmed in black and white, and features Carey dressed in 1960s style in homage to the Ronettes, alongside backup singers and female dancers. A third music video directed by Joseph Kahn was released in 2019 to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the song.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: Carey has performed "All I Want for Christmas Is You" during numerous live television appearances and tours throughout her career. In 2010, Carey re-recorded the song for her second holiday album, "Merry Christmas II You" (2010), known as the "Extra Festive" version. Carey also re-recorded the song as a duet with Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his 2011 album "Under the Mistletoe", known as the "SuperFestive!" version.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: Following the success of her 1993 album "Music Box", Carey and her management at Columbia Records — including Carey's then-husband, Tommy Mottola, head of Columbia's parent label Sony Music Entertainment — began planning further projects. The group discussed recording a Christmas album, but hesitated, as such albums were typically released towards when artists' careers are waning. Carey's songwriting partner of over four years, Walter Afanasieff, said: "Back then, you didn't have a lot of artists with Christmas albums. It wasn't a known science at all back then, and there was nobody who did new, big Christmas songs. So we were going to release it as kind of an everyday, 'Hey, you know, we're putting out a Christmas album. No big deal.'"


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: After Mottola persisted, Carey and Afanasieff began writing and composing songs for "Merry Christmas" in mid-1994. Carey decorated the home she shared with Mottola with Christmas decorations, feeling she could enter the holiday spirit and make her performance more authentic. "All I Want for Christmas Is You" was recorded that August, and took Carey and Afanasieff a total of 15 minutes to write and compose.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: At first, Afanasieff admitted that he was puzzled and "blanched" as to where Carey wanted to take the melody and vocal scales, though she was "adamant" in her direction for the song. In an interview with "Billboard," Afanasieff described the type of relationship he and Carey shared in the studio and as songwriters:


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: It was always the same sort of system with us. We would write the nucleus of the song, the melody primary music, and then some of the words were there as we finished writing it. I started playing some rock 'n' roll piano and started boogie woogie-ing my left hand, and that inspired Mariah to come up with the melodic [Sings.] 'I don't want a lot for Christmas.' And then we started singing and playing around with this rock 'n' roll boogie song, which immediately came out to be the nucleus of what would end up being 'All I Want For Christmas Is You.' That one went very quickly: It was an easier song to write than some of the other ones. It was very formulaic, not a lot of chord changes. I tried to make it a little more unique, putting in some special chords that you really don't hear a lot of, which made it unique and special.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: Then for the next week or two Mariah would call me and say, 'What do you think about this bit?' We would talk a little bit until she got the lyrics all nicely coordinated and done. And then we just waited until the sessions began, which were in the summer of '94 where we got together in New York and started recording. And that's when we first hear her at the microphone singing, and the rest is history.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: Afanasieff flew back to California, where he finished the song's programming and production. Originally, he had a live band play the drums and other instruments with the thought of giving it a more raw and affective sound. He was unhappy with the results of the recording and subsequently scrapped the effort and used his original, personal arrangement and programmed all the instruments heard on the song (with the exception of the background vocals) including the piano, effects, drums and triangle. While Carey continued writing material in her rented home in The Hamptons, Afanasieff completed the song's programming and awaited to rendezvous with her a final time in order to layer and harmonize the background vocals.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: In touching on several aspects of what excited her to record and release her Christmas album, Carey went into detail on what writing and recording the song and album meant for her, pointing out, "I'm a very festive person and I love the holidays. I've sung Christmas songs since I was a little girl. I used to go Christmas caroling. When it came to the album, we had to have a nice balance between standard Christian hymns and fun songs. It was definitely a priority for me to write at least a few new songs, but for the most part people really want to hear the standards at Christmas time, no matter how good a new song is."


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: "All I Want for Christmas Is You" is an uptempo song, composed with pop, soul, R&B, gospel, dance-pop and adult contemporary influences and stylings. By early August, Carey already had two original songs written alongside Afanasieff including the "sad and ballad-y" "Miss You Most (At Christmas Time)" and the "Gospel-tinged and religious" "Jesus Born on This Day". The third and final original song the pair planned to write was to be centered and inspired and in the vein of a "Phil Spector, old rock 'n roll, sixties-sounding Christmas song".


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: The song begins with a "sparkling" bit of percussion" chimes played by celesta, resembling an antique music box or a whimsical snow globe." The opening chimes is also described to share similarities with the musical structure of celesta from Tchaikovsky's "The Nutcracker" as the instrumental build-up and gradual layering of musical elements in both pieces help "creating a growing sense of excitement" in anticipation of the holiday season. After Carey's a cappella style vocal introduction, the song introduces other seasonal percussive signifiers including; celebratory church-like bells, cheerful sleigh bells, and "an underlying rhythmic beat that sounds like the loping pace of a horse or reindeer. These sounds echo religious and secular musical touchstones, without veering blatantly too much in either direction, and give the song an upbeat, joyous tone."


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: In an interview in 1994, Carey described the song as "fun", and continued: "It's very traditional, old-fashioned Christmas. It's very retro, kind of '60s." Afanasieff went further in breaking down the song's musical elements: "A lush bed of keyboards, reminiscent of a small-scale Wall of Sound, cushions the song's cheery rhythms, while a soulful vocal chorus adds robust oohs, tension-creating counter-melodies, and festive harmonies. Most notably, however, the song's jaunty piano chords and melody keep the song merrily bouncing along."


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: Lyrically, the song describes the singer not caring about the usual material aspect of the holiday season such as ornamental lights, trees, snow and presents, as long as they are with their lover for Christmas. The song incorporates various instruments, including piano, drums, violin, oboe, flute, bell chimes, bass effect, and cowbells. The song layers background vocals throughout the chorus and sections of the bridge.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: After the rubato introduction, "All I Want for Christmas Is You" has an indicated tempo of 150 beats per minute. According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Sony/ATV Music Publishing, the song is set in common time and in the key of G major. Carey's vocal range in the song spans from the note of G to the high note of A. Carey wrote the song's lyrics, while Afanasieff helped with the melody. He also arranged and programmed all of the instruments using synthesized sources.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: "Slate"s Adam Ragusea counts "at least 13 distinct chords at work, resulting in a sumptuously chromatic melody. The song also includes what I consider the most Christmassy chord of all—a minor subdominant, or 'iv,' chord with an added 6, under the words 'underneath the Christmas tree,' among other places. (You might also analyze it as a half-diminished 'ii' 7th chord, but either interpretation seems accurate)." According to Roch Parisien from AllMusic, the song contains "The Beach Boys-style harmonies, jangling bells, and a sleigh-ride pace, injecting one of the few bits of exuberant fun in this otherwise vanilla set."


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: Critics have noted the song's 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s influences which, in conjunction with Carey's voice and its simple melody, heralded its recipe for success. In discussing the song's chord progression and stylistic approaches, "Slate's" Ragusea hailed the song as "the only Christmas song written in the last half-century worthy of inclusion in the Great American Songbook." "The A.V. Club"s Annie Zaleski attributes the song's enduring appeal to its ambiguity in being able to pin it down as belonging to a specific era.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: "All I Want for Christmas Is You" received universal acclaim. Roch Parisien from AllMusic called the song "a year-long banger", complimenting its instrumentation and melody. Steve Morse, editor of "The Boston Globe", wrote that Carey sang with a lot of soul. In his review for Carey's "Merry Christmas II You", Thomas Connor from the "Chicago Sun-Times" called the song "a simple, well-crafted chestnut and one of the last great additions to the Christmas pop canon". Shona Craven of Scotland's "The Herald", said, "[it's] a song of optimism and joy that maybe, just maybe, hints at the real meaning of Christmas." Additionally, she felt the main reason it was so successful is the subject "you" in the lyrics, explaining, "Perhaps what makes the song such a huge hit is the fact that it's for absolutely everyone." Craven opened her review with a bold statement: "Bing Crosby may well be turning in his grave, but no child of the 1980s will be surprised to see Mariah Carey's sublime All I Want For Christmas Is You bounding up the charts after being named the nation's top festive song." While reviewing the 2009 remix version, Becky Bain from Idolator called the song a "timeless classic" and wrote, "We love the original song to pieces—we blast it while decorating our Christmas tree and lighting our Menorah."


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: Kyle Anderson from MTV labeled the track "a majestic anthem full of chimes, sleigh bells, doo-wop flourishes, sweeping strings and one of the most dynamic and clean vocal performances of Carey's career". "Music & Media" commented, "Phil Spector's Christmas album has been the main inspiration for this carol in a "Darlene Love against the wall of sound" tradition." "Music Week" wrote, "Mariah meets Phil Spector, some chimes and the inevitable sleigh-bells; this is everything you would expect from a Mariah Carey record." In a 2006 retrospective look at Carey's career, Sasha Frere-Jones of "The New Yorker" said, the "charming" song was one of Carey's biggest accomplishments, calling it "one of the few worthy modern additions to the holiday canon". Dan Hancox, editor of "The National", quoted and agreed with Jones' statement, calling the song "perfection". According to Barry Schwartz from "Stylus Magazine", "to say this song is an instant classic somehow doesn't capture its amazingicity; it's a modern standard: joyous, exhilarating, loud, with even a hint of longing." Schwartz praised the song's lyrics as well, describing them as "beautifully phrased," and calling Carey's voice "gorgeous" and "sincere."


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: In the United States, in the first week of January 1995, "All I Want for Christmas Is You" peaked at No. 6 on the "Billboard" Hot Adult Contemporary and at No. 12 on the Hot 100 Airplay chart. The song placed on these two charts again in December 1995 and in December 1996. The song was ineligible for inclusion on the "Billboard" Hot 100 during its original release, because it was not released commercially as a single in any physical format. This rule lapsed in 1998, however, allowing the song to chart on the "Billboard" Hot 100 (peaking at No. 83 in January 2000). The song topped the "Billboard" Hot Digital Songs chart in December 2005, but it was unable to attain a new peak on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart because it was considered a recurrent single and was thus ineligible for chart re-entry.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: Every December from 2005 to 2008, the song topped the "Billboard" Hot 100 Re-currents chart. In 2012, after the recurrent rule was revised to allow all songs in the top 50 onto the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart, the single re-entered the chart at No. 29 and peaked at No. 21 for the week ending January 5, 2013. In December 2017, the song reached No. 9 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, giving Carey her 28th top 10 song in the country and her first since "Obsessed" in 2009. "All I Want For Christmas Is You" subsequently rose to No. 3 on the chart dated January 5, 2019, becoming the second holiday track to reach its top 5 after "The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)" by David Seville and the Chipmunks peaked at No. 1 in 1958. It returned to its No. 3 Hot 100 peak on the chart dated December 14, 2019.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: On the chart dated December 21, 2019, "All I Want For Christmas Is You" topped the Hot 100 for the first time in the United States with 45.6 million streams and 27,000 digital sales sold. It reached the top spot after 35 cumulative weeks on the chart, making it the slowest climb to the top spot in the chart's history, surpassing "Macarena (Bayside Boys Remix)" by Los del Río which reached number one in August 1996 after 33 weeks on the chart, and it would remain until Glass Animals' "Heat Waves" broke the record in 2022 when it topped the Hot 100 on its 59th week. Additionally, it broke the record for the longest trip to the number one position, reaching the spot 25 years after the song's original release. It was only the second time in the over 6-decade Hot 100 history a Christmas song hit number one on the main chart and the first to do so since "The Chipmunk Song" in 1958. With "All I Want For Christmas Is You", Carey extended her record of having the most number-one songs for a solo artist on the Hot 100 with nineteen and Carey achieved a record-extending 80th week at number-one on the Hot 100. Although released in 1994, "All I Want for Christmas Is You" was the last number-one single of the 2010s decade, as well as the first number-one of the 2020s decade, spending a third week atop the Hot 100 chart dated January 4, 2020, and in doing so, Carey became the first artist in history to top the chart in four separate decades: 1990s, 2000s, 2010s and 2020s chart. With the end of the holiday season, the song broke yet another record the following week by becoming the first song to fall completely off the chart from No. 1.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: It has become the first holiday ringtone to be certified double-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Additionally, of songs recorded before the year 2000, it is the best-selling digital single by a woman, as well as the overall best-selling holiday digital single. As of December 2019, total sales of the digital track according to Nielsen SoundScan was 3,588,000. On the US "Rolling Stone" 100, the song topped the charts during the week of December 12, 2019, becoming Carey's first number-one song on the chart, and fourteenth overall to reach the top of the chart. On the chart dated December 19, 2020, "All I Want for Christmas is You" returned to the No. 1 spot on the Hot 100, spending a fourth week atop the chart, and in doing so, the song tied "The Chipmunk Song" (which also spent four weeks atop) as the longest-leading holiday hit on the Hot 100. Additionally, it became only the second song in the chart's history to reach number one in two separate chart runs, after Chubby Checker's "The Twist" which reached number one in September 1960 and then again in January 1962. After dropping to number two the following week, it reached the summit again on the chart dated January 2, 2021, becoming the first song to hold the top position in three different chart years (2019, 2020, and 2021) as well as the first holiday song to spend a total of five weeks at that spot. When the song returned to number one for a sixth non-consecutive week on the chart dated December 25, 2021, "All I Want for Christmas Is You" became the first song to reach the top position in three separate chart runs (2019, 2020 and 2021), and only the third song to ascend to the top position four times (after "Nice for What" by Drake in 2018 and "Mood" by 24kGoldn and Iann Dior in 2020/21); it also made Carey the first artist to top two Hot 100 charts dated Dec. 25, following "Hero" in 1993. The following week, on the chart dated January 1, 2022, as the song spending a seventh week atop, "All I Want for Christmas is You" became the first song to hold the top position in four different chart years (2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022). On the chart dated January 8, 2022, as the song spent an eighth week atop, "All I Want for Christmas is You" tied "Dreamlover" (1993) and "Fantasy" (1995) as her third longest-running number-one song; it also tied Drake as the artists with the most songs to spend eight or more weeks at number one on the Hot 100, both with five songs in total.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: On December 3, 2021, "All I Want for Christmas is You" was certified Diamond by the RIAA for selling 10 million units, becoming the first holiday song to achieve this, and making Carey the second female artist in history to have both a Diamond-certified single and album, following Taylor Swift.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: By December 20, 2021, the song has upped its U.S. totals to 4.3 billion in radio audience, 1.4 billion streams and 3.7 million in download sales.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: As of the issue dated January 8, 2022, it has topped the "Billboard" Holiday 100 chart for a record 51 cumulative weeks, of the chart's 56 total weeks since the list launched in 2011; it has topped the tally for 36 consecutive weeks, dating to the start of the 2015–16 holiday season. No other song has spent more than two weeks at No. 1 on the Holiday 100 since the chart's launch in 2011. On November 18, 2021, it was ranked as the #1 Greatest Holiday 100 Song of All Time by "Billboard".


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: On the chart dated December 17, 2022, the song returned to the number-one spot for a ninth week, being Carey's third-longest running number-one song in the United States, and becoming the first song in history to reach number one on the Hot 100 in four separate chart runs. When the song spent a tenth week atop the Hot 100, Carey became the first female artist in history (and third overall after Boyz II Men and Drake) to have three songs which topped the chart for 10 or more weeks.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: In Canada, "All I Want for Christmas is You" topped the Canadian Hot 100 chart for the first time, on the issue dated January 5, 2019, becoming the first Christmas song to top the charts and giving Carey her eleventh number-one song in the country, and her first since "Heartbreaker" (1999), as well as her first chart-topping song on the Hot 100 era. Since then, it returned to the number-one spot for three consecutive years (in 2020, 2021 and 2022), spending to date, five weeks atop.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: In the United Kingdom, the song entered the UK Singles Chart at number 5 during the week of December 10, 1994. The following week, the song peaked at number 2, staying there for the final three weeks of December (held out of the coveted "Christmas No. 1" honor by East 17's "Stay Another Day"). The song ended as the 12th best-selling single of 1994 in the UK. As of January 27, 2017, it had spent seventy-eight weeks on the UK Singles Chart. As of December 19, 2013, "All I Want for Christmas Is You" has sold one million copies in the UK. On December 24, 2021, the song was certified six-times platinum by the British Phonographic Industry for shipment of 3.6 million units (including streams) and remains Carey's best-selling single in the UK, as well as being the highest-certified song of all time by a female in the country. In 2010, "All I Want for Christmas Is You" was named the No. 1 Christmas song of the decade in the United Kingdom. The song peaked at number 2 in the United Kingdom for a second time in December 2017 and reached number 2 again in 2018 and 2019. It topped the UK Singles Chart for the first time ever on December 11, 2020, 26 years after its initial release. The song also set an Official Chart record, reaching number one in its seventieth week in the top 40; no other song in UK chart history has spent more weeks in the top 40 before reaching number one. As of 2021, "All I Want for Christmas is You" is Carey's most-streamed song in the United Kingdom, and overall the seventh most-streamed song by a female artist in the country, as well as the most-streamed Christmas song in the UK with 248 million streams. The song returned to the number-one spot on December 9, 2022, spending a third week atop


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: "All I Want For Christmas is You" also experienced massive success across Europe, where it topped the charts for 12 weeks in Austria and Germany; 10 weeks in Sweden, Norway and Switzerland; nine weeks in the Netherlands; seven weeks in the Czech Republic and Slovakia; six weeks in Hungary; four weeks in Croatia, Italy and Lithuania; three weeks in Iceland and Latvia; two weeks in Denmark, Finland, Greece, Luxembourg and Portugal; and one week in France and Slovenia. It also reached number two in Ireland and Scotland; number three in Estonia and Spain; number five in Belgium; and number seven in Poland.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: The song was certified 4× Platinum in Denmark, Italy and Norway; 3× Platinum in Spain; 2× Platinum in Germany and Portugal; Platinum in Greece; and Gold in Belgium.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: The song originally peaked at No. 2 on the ARIA Singles Chart in 1994, and was certified 9× Platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), denoting shipments of over 630,000 units. Following the inclusion of streams in the ARIA charts, "All I Want For Christmas Is You" topped the chart in December 2018, becoming the first Christmas song to do so in Australia since "Snoopy's Christmas" by The Royal Guardsmen in 1967. It gave Carey her third number-one song in the country after "Fantasy" in 1995 and "We Belong Together" in 2005, and made her the eleventh act to top the country's charts in three back-to-back decades. The song returned to the top spot each year thereafter, and as of the 2022 Christmas period has spent five consecutive Christmas weeks atop the chart.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: The song also topped the charts in New Zealand for the first time in December 2018, making Carey's eighth number-one single in the country, and her first since "Heartbreaker" in 1999. The song returned to the top spot in 2019 and 2022, spending to date, three weeks atop.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: "All I Want for Christmas Is You" was released under the regional title and became Carey's best-selling single in Japan. It was used as the theme song to the popular drama , The single peaked at No. 2 for two weeks, blocked from the top spot by "Tomorrow Never Knows" and "Everybody Goes", both released by rock band Mr. Children. It sold in excess of 1.1 million units in Japan. Due to strong sales and airplay, the song re-charted in Japan in 2010, peaking at No. 6 on the Japan Hot 100. The single has been certified the Million award by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) on two different formats (compact disc and ringtone), in 1994 and 2008, respectively.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: When the song was first released as a single in 1994, no remixes were commissioned. Carey re-released the song commercially in Japan in 2000, with a new remix known as the So So Def remix. The remix contains new vocals and is played over a harder, more urban beat that contains a sample of Afrika Bambaataa & the Soulsonic Force's "Planet Rock;" it features guest vocals by Jermaine Dupri and Bow Wow. The remix appears on Carey's compilation album "Greatest Hits" (2001) as a bonus track. A video was created for the So So Def remix, but it does not feature Carey or the hip-hop musicians that perform in the song. Instead, the video is animated and based on a scene in the video from Carey's "Heartbreaker" (1999). It features cartoon cameo appearances by Carey, Jermaine Dupri, Bow Wow, Luis Miguel (Carey's boyfriend at the time), Carey's dog Jack, and Santa Claus. In 2009 and 2010, the song was included in a music video accompanying ESPN's (and their sister station, ABC) Christmas Day coverage of the NBA.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: In 2009, a remix produced by Carey and Low Sunday, called "Mariah's New Dance Mix", was released. The mix laid the original 1994 vocals over new electronic instrumentation. The remix garnered a positive response. MTV's Kyle Anderson wrote that "it's difficult to improve perfection," but that the remix "does dress up the song in a disco thump that should make your office Christmas party 28 percent funkier than it was last year." Idolator's Becky Bain praised the song's catchiness.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: In 2010, Carey re-recorded the song for her thirteenth studio and second holiday album, "Merry Christmas II You". Titled "All I Want for Christmas Is You (Extra Festive)", the new version featured re-recorded vocals, softer bell ringing and stronger drumming, and an orchestral introduction that replaced the slow vocal introduction. Steven J. Horowitz from "Rap-Up" wrote that the new version "sound[ed] just as enjoyable as it did in 1994." While the song was praised, it drew criticism for being too similar to the original. Thomas Connor from the "Chicago Sun-Times" wrote that the new version "just seems to add a few brassy backup singers to exactly the same arrangement." Caryn Ganz from "Rolling Stone" agreed, writing that it was "hard to figure out what's 'extra festive'" about the new version. Dan Hancox, editor of "The National", also felt the new version was unnecessary.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: Carey has performed the song during concerts as well as live televised performances. It was part of the setlist of several of her concert tours, including the Japanese shows of Carey's Daydream World Tour (1996), Butterfly World Tour (1998), Rainbow World Tour (2000), (2002–03), The Adventures of Mimi Tour (2006) and her concert residency All I Want For Christmas Is You, A Night of Joy & Festivity (various years).


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: The first performance of the song was at Cathedral of St. John the Divine, on December 8, 1994. Additionally, Carey performed the song at the 2004 Walt Disney World Christmas Day Parade, which aired on ABC. Carey sang the So So Def remix version at the opening night of her Angels Advocate Tour on New Year's Eve. On November 9, 2010, Carey taped a live Christmas Special featuring the song, which aired on December 13, 2010, on ABC. Additionally, Carey performed the song alongside "Oh Santa!" airing on ESPN and ABC throughout the day on Christmas Day of 2010. On December 3, 2010, she performed both songs at the Walt Disney World Resort theme park, Magic Kingdom, in a performance that was taped and aired part of the Walt Disney World Christmas Day Parade on ABC. Carey performed them again in a video promoting the day's NBA games that aired on both networks.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: In 2012, Carey performed the song alongside Jimmy Fallon and The Roots on "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon" with the help of elementary school-style instruments. On December 18, 2013, Carey performed the song alongside Michael Bublé in his Christmas special via NBC. During "The Late Late Show" with James Corden on December 15, 2016, Mariah Carey sang the song on the popular feature Carpool Karaoke. Fellow singers Adele, Lady Gaga, Demi Lovato, Nick Jonas, Elton John, Selena Gomez, Gwen Stefani, Chris Martin and the band Red Hot Chili Peppers were featured in the video. In December 2019, Carey returned to "The Late Late Show" to perform the song for its 25th anniversary. In addition to this, she performed "Oh Santa!" and "Christmas Time Is in the Air Again". In 2020, Carey re-recorded and performed the song on her Christmas special.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: The first, primary video for the song was shot in the style of a home movie using Super 8 film; it was directed and filmed by Carey during the Christmas season of 1993. The video begins with Carey placing holiday ornaments on a Christmas tree and frolicking through the snowy mountainside. Outdoor scenes were shot at the Fairy Tale Forest in New Jersey, where Carey's then-husband Tommy Mottola made a cameo appearance as Santa Claus. It continues with scenes of Carey getting ready for her album cover photo shoot and spending time with her dog Jack. It concludes with Santa Claus leaving Carey with a bag of presents and waving goodbye. It has more than 713 million views on YouTube as of December 2021. In the song's alternate video, inspired by The Ronettes, Carey dances in a 1960s-influenced studio surrounded by go–go dancers. For a 1960s look, the video was filmed in black and white, with Carey in white boots and teased up hair. This video was also directed by Carey. There are two edits to this version of the video.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: In 2019, along with the release of the deluxe 25th-anniversary edition of her album "Merry Christmas", she released two new music videos for the song. The first featured unreleased footage of the first primary video. The second, directed by Joseph Kahn was a "revamped" version entitled the "Make My Wish Come True Edition" with new scenes of Carey in 2019. A montage of celebrities lip-syncing the song was also released on Carey's Vevo channel that same year. Some celebrities featured in the video included Ryan Reynolds, Kim Kardashian, and James Corden.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: On June 3, 2022, songwriter Andy Stone from Vince Vance & the Valiants filed a copyright lawsuit against Carey, alleging that she "exploited" and made "undeserved profits" off his song, "All I Want for Christmas Is You", which was written five years prior to Carey's version. However, on November 2, 2022, Stone dropped his lawsuit.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: Due to the song's lasting impact, Carey was dubbed the "Queen of Christmas". As of 2017, the song was reported to have earned $60 million in royalties. The song has been described as a "yuletide tune" by "Forbes" writer Lauren Alvarez, who went on to say that the song has "become debatably the unofficial song of Christmas each year". "Time" writer Cady Lang stated that there are multiple reasons for the song's popularity, the first being the "powerhouse vocals of the beloved elusive chanteuse." She also noted the song's impact on pop culture stating that it is "a reminder that pop music, and maybe especially Christmas-themed pop music, can be as transportive for the singer (and the songwriter) as it is for the listener".


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: The popularity of "All I Want for Christmas Is You" is noteworthy, not merely in its staying power (although a quarter of a century at the forefront of the holiday genre is a flex, if there ever was one) or its momentum in gaining ubiquity year after year, but in its ability to command the category over a period in which her industry and the culture has evolved significantly.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: "Los Angeles Times" writer Jody Rosen noted that the song's success reflects "the zeal of Carey's super-fans" and "speaks to the character of the song itself: its timeless quality, the way it seems to hover between musical eras and idioms. The song's harmonic palate, its diminished chords and lustrous chromatic passages, call to mind the jazz-inflected Christmas hits of the midcentury [...] Carey's calisthenic vocals, combining gospel-style melismatic runs and subtly funky syncopations, are unmistakably 90s, redolent of hip-hop-influenced R&B that Carey herself helped pioneer." Rosen went on to call it the 21st century's "White Christmas" calling Carey "another hall of fame vocalist and showbiz giant who was indelibly associated with the holiday".


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: The Ringer writer, Rob Harvilla, stated that "December belongs to Mariah Carey". He went on to say that "the very first time you [hear the song, it sounds] classic [...] timeless, like it was playing in the manger when Jesus Christ was born." Critics also noted the song a tad reminiscent of the works of Judy Garland and Nat King Cole, while also describing it as hearkening back to "'60s and '70s Motown covers of prewar Christmas classics, such as The Jackson 5's [and] Stevie Wonder". "Slate"s Ragusea conceded that "All I Want For Christmas Is You" "sounds like it could have been written in the '40s and locked in a Brill Building safe." In a piece on the song in "Vogue", a writer felt the song's lyrics helped solidify its status over two decades later: "those lyrics could have been sung by Frank Sinatra—well, maybe not Frank, but another singer back then. I think that's what gives it that timeless, classic quality."


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: Due to the song being internationally popular during the Christmas season, it has been covered multiple times by various artists including Fifth Harmony, Michael Bublé, My Chemical Romance, Tori Kelly, Justin Bieber, Idina Menzel, Dolly Parton, Amber Riley, Shania Twain, Miley Cyrus, Demi Lovato, Ariana Grande, Kelly Clarkson, CeeLo Green, Pentatonix, Ingrid Michaelson, and Christina Perri.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: On December 25, 2018, the song set the single-day record for the most Spotify streams, with 10.82 million plays. After having been subsequently surpassed by Ed Sheeran and Justin Bieber's "I Don't Care", "All I Want For Christmas Is You" re-broke the record exactly a year later with 12.029 million streams in a single day. As of December 2019, the song has earned more than $2 million in royalties since it was first added to Spotify. On November 24, 2019, the song won three records in "Guinness World Records" for one of the best-selling and most recognizable Christmas songs, most streamed song on Spotify in 24 hours (female) (10,819,009 streams in December 2018) and most weeks in the UK singles Top 10 chart for a Christmas song (20) titles.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: In 2010 "The Daily Telegraph" named "All I Want for Christmas Is You" the most popular and most played Christmas song of the decade in the United Kingdom. "Rolling Stone" ranked it fourth on its Greatest Rock and Roll Christmas Songs list, calling it a "holiday standard." In a UK-wide poll in December 2012, it was voted fifth on the ITV television special "The Nation's Favourite Christmas Song". In 2018 "The Washington Post" ranked the song sixth on its ranking of 100 best Christmas songs. In 2019, "The Guardian" ranked the song number one on their list of the 50 greatest Christmas songs. Michael Hann, writer for "The Guardian", called it a "rare modern Christmas song that has become a standard." In November 2021, "Billboard" named "All I Want for Christmas is You" as the Greatest Holiday Song of All Time. In December 2021, the song reached a billion streams on Spotify, making it the first holiday song to achieve this.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: Due to the song's ongoing popularity, as well as social media memes that show retail workers' disdain for the song due to its excessive airplay at their jobs (which usually require the round-the-clock display of Christmas music), Carey has taken advantage of this annually by posting a video every year since 2019 around midnight Eastern time on November 1 saying when it is time to play the song. "The Economist" reported that Carey makes $2.5 million per year from this song alone.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: Carey released a children's book based on "All I Want for Christmas Is You" on November 10, 2015, which went on to sell over 750,000 copies. On March 21, 2017, Carey announced via her Twitter account that a film based on "All I Want for Christmas Is You" was in development. She later released an animated family film called "Mariah Carey's All I Want for Christmas Is You", based upon the book and song on November 14, 2017.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: "All I Want for Christmas Is You (SuperFestive!)" is a duet between Carey and Canadian singer Justin Bieber. The song was recorded on his holiday album, "Under the Mistletoe", and released as a radio airplay only single in Italy on December 9, 2011, as the second single from the album. The music video for the duet featuring Bieber was filmed in Macy's department store in New York City, and features Bieber shopping with his friends whilst Carey is seen singing in the background.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: The song was covered by the cast of "Glee", led by Amber Riley, and was released in 2011 as a single as a part of the tracklist from the album "". The song was featured in the season 3 Christmas episode "Extraordinary Merry Christmas".


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: Canadian singer-songwriter Michael Bublé covered the song and released it on November 16, 2011, as the lead single from his "Christmas" album. The song entered the "Billboard" Hot 100, becoming the first time a cover version of the song appeared on the chart.


title: All I Want for Christmas Is You

text: American pop band Big Time Rush covered the song and released it in 2010 from their EP, "Holiday Bundle".


title: Montpellier

text: Montpellier (, , ; ) is a city in southern France near the Mediterranean Sea. One of the largest urban centres in the region of Occitania, Montpellier is the prefecture of the department of Hérault. In 2018, 290,053 people lived in the city, while its metropolitan area had a population of 787,705. The inhabitants are called Montpelliérains.


title: Montpellier

text: In the Middle Ages, Montpellier was an important city of the Crown of Aragon (and was the birthplace of James I), and then of Majorca, before its sale to France in 1349. Established in 1220, the University of Montpellier is one of the oldest universities in the world and oldest medical school still in operation, with notable alumni such as Petrarch, Nostradamus and François Rabelais. Above the medieval city, the ancient citadel of Montpellier is a stronghold built in the seventeenth century by Louis XIII of France.


title: Montpellier

text: Since the 1990s, Montpellier has experienced one of the strongest economic and demographic growth in the country. Its urban area has experienced the highest population growth in France since the year 2000. Numbering 70,000, students comprise nearly one-fourth of its population, one of the highest such proportions in Europe. Its living environment with one of Europe's largest pedestrian area, along with its rich cultural life and Mediterranean climate, explain the enthusiasm for the city, which is nicknamed the "Gifted". Montpellier was nominated for "Best Emerging Culture City of the Year 2017" by the think tank LCD. It is ranked as a Sufficiency city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.


title: Montpellier

text: Montpellier is the third-largest French city near the Mediterranean coast, behind Marseille and Nice. It is the seventh-largest city of France, and is also the fastest-growing city in the country over the past 25 years.