title: Yoo Ah-in

text: Yoo Ah-in, whose real name is Uhm Hong-sik, was born in Daegu in southeastern South Korea, the youngest of three children. In the first year at Gyeongbuk Arts High School, majoring in fine arts, Yoo was discovered by a casting agent on the streets in front of the school. He traveled to Seoul by himself and began living independently, which he said developed into a personal asset. He was enrolled in Seoul Arts High School, but soon dropped out of school to carry on his broadcast activities. Yoo later entered Dankuk University and Konkuk University, having completed a GED for high school certification. Before debuting, he was once scouted to be a K-Pop idol and trained to sing.


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: Using the stage name Yoo Ah-in, he made his debut in a TV commercial in 2003. His first management wanted to create an attractive stage name for him that fit an idol image because the name Uhm Hong-sik was considered too heavy and old fashioned. He then chose Yoo Ah-in, Ah-in taken from the German word meaning "one".


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: Yoo was then cast in the teen series "Sharp" after auditioning, playing the role of a model student majoring in painting. After the series aired, Yoo gained popularity and was cast in romance drama "April Kiss" and one-act drama "Shi-eun & Soo-ha". Yoo also appeared in various commercials including school uniforms and youth apparel.


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: After that, however, Yoo took a break from acting and disappeared from the spotlight. According to Yoo, he became an actor without any prior knowledge about acting and entertainment industry. At first, he was thrilled by the accolades and popularity of the profession, but then became confused about whether or not that was what he truly desired in life. Yoo felt the need for a hiatus to reflect upon what he wanted for himself instead of catering to others, and what kind of path as an actor he would want to take in the future. Having taken the time for introspection, he discovered his passion for serious acting. Yoo recalls of his career beginnings:


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: Resuming his acting career, Yoo starred in low-budget indie film "Boys of Tomorrow", taking over the role of a young man Jong-dae, who carries the psychological scars of a traumatic childhood accident. The film premiered at Busan International Film Festival in October 2006, and competed for the Golden Leopard at the 2007 Locarno International Film Festival. He said about the meaning of his first film, "If I have drawn a picture of the actor career, this film must be within that picture." Director Noh Dong-seok met Yoo when he couldn't make up his mind even though he has met several actors interested in the role of Jong-dae. Noh decided to cast Yoo within five minutes of meeting him, saying, "I can't forget the first five minutes I met Yoo at the audition. When I asked other actors about Jong-dae character, they usually answered, 'I think he's going to wear something, have some hairstyle and some kind of personality'. But he stared out the window for a long time, and suddenly said one word as if he choked up slightly, 'It's sad.' At that moment, I thought, 'Jong-dae is him.'" During the film's press junket, Noh said, "In contrast to his noticeably good looks, he was filled with a furious energy. When I hear the word 'youth,' I think of Yoo Ah-in. The true main character of this movie, I think, is [not Jong-dae but] Yoo Ah-in." Noh also recalled Yoo's audition in an interview, saying, "I fell for Yoo Ah-in at first sight. Of course, he also had good looks. But he had an extremely different feel from the other actors whom I had met during casting. Yoo Ah-in was nervous when he met me. Before his identity as an actor, he possessed twenty years of his natural self as Yoo Ah-in." Yoo's role as a boy looking for a gun in order to escape from his frustrating reality earned positive reviews, and he won the Best New Actor award at the Busan Film Critics Awards. Yoo then starred in Jeong Yoon-cheol's black comedy film "Skeletons in the Closet", playing the role of an eccentric boy who believes he was a king in previous incarnation. Yoo was nominated at the Blue Dragon Film Awards.


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: In 2008, Yoo starred in historical drama "Strongest Chil Woo", playing a cruel but lonely assassin adopted by a nobleman. He gained recognition from critics and viewers for his performance, despite it being the first historical drama for him. He was also featured in Min Kyu-dong's comedy-drama film "Antique", adapted from Yoshinaga Fumi's manga "Antique Bakery". For his role as a patisserie aspirant and former boxer, Yoo took boxing and baking classes. Min purposefully gave Yoo long sets of lines in the film, saying that Yoo already knew exactly how to act with rhythm, "No matter how long his lines were, just one sentence could tell you how good his rhythm was." And, "Most rookie actors wait around for their turn in the script and then get so nervous that they mess up their first lines and everything else completely falls apart, but Yoo Ah-in got it done in one stroke of the knife. That's why I purposefully gave him long sets of lines. He's an actor whose talent is most evident in long takes and full shots." Yoo received the Best New Actor award at the Director's Cut Awards and emerged as one of the most promising actors in Korean film industry. In 2009, he was cast in romance drama "He Who Can't Marry", as cheeky assistant who works at the architectural office, portraying the bright side of being in one's twenties. He next starred in the film "Sky and Ocean" as a pizza delivery man who strives to make his own livelihood.


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: Yoo's rise to fame came in 2010, when he acted in fusion period drama "Sungkyunkwan Scandal", adapted from a book with the same title. Yoo became famous due to the drama's popularity. He played the role of an unpredictable man who moonlights to reveal the corruption of rich nobles. Yoo's popularity was later referred to as "Geol-oh-al-yee" (Geol-oh fever), coined after the name of his character. The drama's scriptwriter Kim Tae-heui said in her interview, "[t]he most charming character in the book was Geol-oh but I don't think I'm cut out exactly for portraying such raw and rough male character. That's how my Geol-oh is more sensitive and less in words compared to other characters. This combined with additional interpretation of actor Yoo Ah-in who happens to be a very sentimental actor, the Geol-oh in the drama became someone completely different from the original story."


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: In 2011, he played a leading role of biracial teenager in the coming-of-age film "Punch", a critical and commercial hit. The film premiered at the 2011 Busan International Film Festival, and competed for Crystal Bear at the Berlin International Film Festival. His co-star, veteran actor Kim Yoon-seok praised him that "In the next 10 years, he will be one of the biggest names in Korean cinema." Yoo was nominated at the Buil Film Awards, his first nomination for the Best Actor category.


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: The next year, Yoo starred in drama "Fashion King", taking over the role of a self-made but obsessed-with-success fashion businessman. The drama portrays the love and success of young people, but poorly received due to its weak narrative and controversial ending. Still, he described his joining the project as an adventurous and satisfying step as he was able to play a character with worldly desires. Cast as King Sukjong in the 2013 period drama "Jang Ok-jung, Living by Love", a revisionist take on infamous royal concubine Jang Hui-bin. Yoo called the role one of the biggest challenges of his career and he garnered favorable press reviews for his mature, charismatic and versatile portrayal of Sukjong. He then played the titular character in the film "Tough as Iron", about a Busan pier worker who takes care of his mother afflicted with dementia and kidney disease. Yoo and "Tough as Iron" co-star, Jung Yu-mi later collaborated again as voice actors in the animated film "The Satellite Girl and Milk Cow".


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: In 2014, Yoo appeared as a quirky supporting role in Lee Han's "Thread of Lies" (this was Lee's second film adaptation of a Kim Ryeo-ryeong novel after "Punch"). This was followed by a leading role in cable melodrama "Secret Affair" ("Secret Love Affair"), in which Yoo played a poor piano prodigy in love with his married, much older teacher. To prepare for his role, Yoo practiced the piano and listened to classical music. The drama occupied the number one ratings slot throughout its run and became the highest rated general cable drama of the year. Due to his popularity, Yoo was dubbed as "kukmin yeonha-nam" (the nation's younger boyfriend). Yoo garnered favorable press reviews for his delicate, three-dimensional and passionate portrayal of a genius pianist. "10 Asia" praised, ""Secret Affair" is Yoo Ah-in's turning point in acting. He makes the affair looks so irresistible and concrete, he makes the viewers sympathize for his forbidden love and follow his journey till all hell breaks loose." And, "His piano concerto scene will be the talk of the town for a long time and is worth lasting memory."


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: In 2015, Yoo starred in two top-grossing films. He played an amoral young millionaire who faces off with a detective in Ryoo Seung-wan's crime thriller/comedy "Veteran" with Hwang Jung-min and Yoo Hae-jin among the cast, and as the tragic Crown Prince Sado in Lee Joon-ik's period drama "The Throne" alongside Song Kang-ho. "Veteran" became one of the highest-grossing films in South Korea and "The Throne" was South Korea's submission for the Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film. Ryoo Seung-wan described Yoo's character in "Veteran" as "more like James Cagney's characters", and praised Yoo's take on his first character as a ruthless chaebol, "He was more interested and active in expressing this villain character. We were more like supplementing each other rather than one guiding the other." And, "Yoo Ah-in's character being like a boy made this character even more special. If you watch James Cagney's movies, his characters have this childish side; Yoo Ah-in doesn't have it, so that's what makes it even more scary. It's something that not even Lee Marvin can make." Lee Joon-ik said he hand-picked Yoo and wrote the Crown Prince Sado character for Yoo after watching "Punch", "When I watched "Punch", I already saw Sado's heart in Yoo Ah-in. He's an actor with so much dissatisfaction and anxiety, who has an internal flame bottled up inside", and, "He showed the essence of people in their 20s." For his roles in both "Veteran" and "The Throne", Yoo received Best Actor awards at influential film awards including Blue Dragon Awards, Korean Film Reporters Association Awards, Chunsa Film Art Awards, and Golden Cinematography Awards. The same year, he was named Film Actor of the Year by Gallup Korea and ranked number two on Korea Power Celebrity 40 by "Forbes".


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: Yoo was then cast in the historical drama "Six Flying Dragons", reuniting with "Fashion King" co-star Shin Se-kyung. The drama occupied the number one ratings slot throughout its run. Yoo's portrayal of ambitious prince Taejong of Joseon won him Best Actor in the TV Category at the Baeksang Arts Awards. Due to his success in both film and television, the entertainment media coined 2015 the "A-in-shi-dae" (Ah-in Era). The following year, Yoo played a Korean wave star in ensemble cast film "Like for Likes", his first romantic comedy since his debut. This was also his first film directed by a woman. Yoo said of his desire to work on the film, "I discussed the topic of feminism with the director. This film depicts the stereotypical perception of women that is deeply rooted in Korean society. When a man articulates his opinion, he is considered as cool and having self-confidence, but when a woman does the same she is called overly opinionated. This part went straight to my heart."


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: For his contribution in art, Yoo received the Prime Minister's Commendation at the 7th Korean Popular Culture & Arts Awards in October 2016. In 2017, Yoo starred in fantasy-romance drama "Chicago Typewriter". He played double roles of a present-day famous novelist and the leader of a resistance group during the 1930s Japanese occupation of Korea.


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: In 2018, Yoo starred in Lee Chang-dong's film "Burning" opposite Steven Yeun, portraying a pure and sensitive young man, Jong-su, who tries to solve the mystery surrounding the woman he loves. Lee said the reason he cast Yoo, "Yoo Ah-in is one of the most famous Korean actors in that age group, and he's known for being good at delivering emotionally charged performances. In contrast to that, Jong-su is such a passive and shy character who doesn't show his emotions and who doesn't react, so I thought that would be really interesting for this actor to play this role." Lee then praised, "No one else could inhabit the character of Jong-su like he did. Yoo Ah-in is irreplaceable for this role, he is capable of conveying great nuance and sensitivity."


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: "Burning" had its premiere at the Cannes Film Festival, where Yoo walked the red carpet. It was selected as the South Korean entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 91st Academy Awards, became the first Korean film to make it to the final nine-film shortlist of the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: Yoo's performance was universally acclaimed. Justin Chang of Los Angeles Times said on NPR, "As the movie's inarticulate male lead, Yoo Ah-in has, in some ways, the trickiest task. But he reaches almost subterranean depths of feeling." Jessica Kiang of "The Playlist" wrote, "Yoo's Jong-su is the very definition of still waters that run deep and dark and conceal who knows what in their murky reaches. Only a flawlessly assured performance could make the film's devastating yet ambivalent and enigmatic finale work as well as it does here." Pierce Conran of Screen Anarchy wrote, "Even more impressive is Yoo Ah-in, who is most well known in the West for playing the slimy son of a corporate head who serves as the villain in Ryoo Seung-wan's "Veteran". Never better, Yoo embodies a sense of confusion, which eventually turns to dread in a performance that doesn't allow us to make any easy judgments about his character. Jong-soo's intentions throughout the story may seem innocent, but coupled with references to emasculation and his timid physicality, Yoo crafts an unusually compelling lead." Tim Grierson of Screen Daily wrote, "Ah-in Yoo is remarkable as "Burning"'s ineffectual, withdrawn protagonist: he's the perfect vessel for Lee's grand treatise on the immutable fact that none of us truly understands anyone or anything." For his role in "Burning", The New York Times featured Yoo in their list of "The Best Actors of 2018", making him the only Asian to be on the list and the first Korean actor to do so.


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: In November 2018, Yoo starred in the crisis film "Default", taking over the role of Yoon Jeong-hak, who bet on the crisis after leaving the securities company and forecasting national bankruptcy. This character gave the impression that "is different from the youth that Yoo Ah-in has represented before", as in, "a person who represents the desire of ordinary people" and "a person who embraces the crossroads of the older and younger generations three-dimensionally." Yoo said he wanted to be "a medium to understand two generations at the same times", and he starred in the film with the thoughts of "how to accept the established system" and "what era we're living in right now." He also said the reasons he participated in this movie were because the movie dealt with the story in "a polite approach", and it was interesting that a female character deals with the country's major crisis and tries to solve it. In response, co-star Kim Hye-soo described Yoo as "an actor who has healthy mind", and thanked him for his decision to appear in the movie, saying that understanding message of the film and starring in this film is a possible choice because he is Yoo Ah-in.


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: Yoo was featured in Forbes as a star to take note of in January 2019. He next became the host, co-writer and co-producer for 12 episodes of KBS1 special talk show "Do-ol Ah-in Going All Directions" with philosopher Do-ol Kim Yong-ok, broadcast from January 5 to March 23, 2019. His first take on hosting a talk show garnered positive press reviews, noting, "he is the only actor who ever tried creating such a platform of communication", "honestly expressing his beliefs on various topics including gender discrimination", "[h]e met the audience directly with refreshing candor", and "Yoo Ah-in's and Do-ol's open communication method helped narrowing the generation gap." On April 3, 2019, Yoo and Do-ol were invited to participate in the 71st anniversary of Jeju Uprising in Jeju Island, reading the declaration of peace and "The 71st Jeju Resolutions" in front of more than ten thousand spectators. Yoo said in his speech, "I shamefully did not know much about Jeju 4.3. I did not know what to call it, nor why we were not supposed to know about it [...] After learning about Jeju 4.3, I realized that it's a moment in history we all should never forget, and that we must continue to talk about and to make the issue current." And, "I could not imagine how the perpetrators could continue to go on with their lives after what they did. I would never have imagined how the victims and the bereaved families endure the years of grief, and how Jeju island bears these unbelievable wounds in its history."


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: In 2020, Yoo starred in a zombie thriller "#Alive" as survivor Jun-woo, based on the original script of Hollywood screenwriter Matt Naylor. The film premiered on June 24, 2020, and became the first film to surpass 1 million admissions since February 2020 prior to the outbreak of COVID-19 in South Korea. In September 2020, "#Alive" became the first Korean film to top Netflix Movies Worldwide chart. By the end of 2020, it became one of the most popular titles globally on Netflix.


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: In October 2020, Yoo starred in low-budget indie film "Voice of Silence" as a mutism character without a single line throughout the film, directed and written by a new female director Hong Eui-jeong, based on her script which was selected as one of the top 12 projects at Venice Biennale College-Cinema 2016/2017. Director Hong Eui-jeong said about the casting, "It was not easy to carry on a hardly commercial, small film, but I sent the script to Yoo Ah-in's agent and I was shocked that he responded sooner than I expected." For his role as a mute clean-up worker Tae-in, Yoo gained over 33 pounds (15 kg) and shaved his head. Hong Eui-jeong said that the original character in the script was supposed to be a slender young man, but in their first meeting, Yoo already gained weight because he thought it would suit with the character who worked a lot of physical labor. She recalled she was visually overwhelmed by his appearance, saying, "I didn't recognize him at first." After some discussions, she agreed that his physical transformation would work well with the silent Tae-in who used the body language to communicate. Later, she sent Yoo a video clip of gorrillas for his character study. She said, "I gave him a gorilla video because I set out Tae-in behavioral much more than I did emotional descriptions." Hong said the reason he cast Yoo, "Yoo Ah-in clearly had this boyish image that Tae-in needed. [...] He is not only excellent in acting, but he also has an image that creates time and space around the narrative. Thanks to him, "Voice of Silence" could have a more daydream-like fantasy atmosphere, and though I had worries about having a character without lines, his distinctive texture filled up the movie, leaving no void, despite the absence of lines". She praised him on his contribution to the character, saying, "Yoo Ah-in's interpretation of Tae-in's character was new and vivid beyond the script's suggestion. [...] [t]hrough his ideas and suggestions, I had the experience of discovering and learning about aspects of Tae-in, a character whom I created in the screenplay, that were till then unknown to me. [...] Ultimately, Tae-in was born with a look that was different from the feel in the scriptwriting stage".


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: Yoo's performance was critically acclaimed. Jennie Kermode from "Eye of Film" wrote, "With a greater focus on character than plot, the film benefits from solid acting all round [...] It's Yoo, however, who is the standout, taking his character through a remarkable arc." Nikki Baughan of "Screen International" wrote in his Fantasia International Film Festival review, "Working without dialogue, Yoo Ah-in resists the easy temptation of extreme physical expression; instead, he deploys restraint in his movements, conveying Tae-in's soul-destroying lack of options in his hangdog expression, his downcast eyes, his frantic attempts to cover up bloodstains in the dust." Nick Allen of Roger Ebert was similarly positive, saying, "Yoo Ah-in of "#Alive" giving a compelling, full-bodied performance." Jack Cameron wrote for "The Film Magazine", "Yoo Ah-in, who was so excellent in "Burning", is just as strong here, communicating everything with his highly expressive body language and his deliberately passive facial expressions. His breathing and grunting noises often hold your attention more strongly than some of the written dialogue".


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: For his roles in both "#Alive" and "Voice of Silence", Yoo was named "Actor of the Year" at the 2020 Cine 21 Awards. For his performance in "Voice of Silence", he won Best Leading Actor and Popular Star awards at the 41st Blue Dragon Film Awards, and became the second actor to win best actor award twice before the age of 40, following Sol Kyung-gu. He also won Best Actor in the Film Category at the 57th Baeksang Arts Awards, Cheval Noir Award for Best Actor at the 25th Fantasia International Film Festival, and Best Actor awards at the 30th Buil Film Awards and 15th Asian Film Awards respectively in 2021 for his performance in "Voice of Silence".


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: Yoo's next role was that of the cult leader Jung Jin-soo in Yeon Sang-ho's Netflix series "Hellbound" that was released in November 2021. The series had its world premiere at the 2021 Toronto International Film Festival in the Primetime program of TV series in September 2021, and became the first Korean drama to make it to the festival. It was also screened at 26th Busan International Film Festival in newly created On Screen section, and at the 65th BFI London Film Festival in Thrill section in October 2021. "Hellbound" became the first Korean series to top Netflix TV Shows Worldwide chart within a day after its release, and topped Netflix's official weekly chart for non-English TV programs. Yoo gained recognition from critics and viewers for his performance, despite him being antagonist. Nick Allen wrote for Roger Ebert, "Yoo Ah-in is excellent in this role that has him delivering cryptic words of faith with a certain deadness in his eyes." Andrew Murray from "The Upcoming" wrote, "[...] it's Ah-in who steals the spotlight as soft-spoken cult leader Jeong Jin-Soo. Skilfully walking the line between menacing and charming, this charismatic figure has everything needed to become a memorable antagonist." Brian Tallerico of "The Playlist" was similarly positive and wrote, "Yoo Ah-in, also in the Netflix hit "#Alive", is such a fascinating young actor, one who really gets what "Hellbound" should be about, that the show suffers when he leaves it". Polygon's Zosha Millman wrote, "Yoo Ah-in is particularly inspired casting, letting his chairman be just as virtuous as he is shifty, immovable in his low-key fanaticism. It's on his shoulders that the rest of the players can build their respective roles without ever feeling simply drawn". Hidzir Junaini from NME wrote, "His quiet demeanor belying an unsettling intensity, Yoo Ah-in's performance as the show's pivotal villain is creepily fascinating".


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: In 2022, Yoo portrayed the "Sanggye-dong Supreme Team" leader in a Netflix crime comedy film "Seoul Vibe" with Kim Sung-kyun, Jung Woong-in and Moon So-ri among the cast. Despite the film's mixed reviews, Yoo's performance received critical acclaim. Divya Malladi from "Digital Mafia Talkies" wrote, "Yoo Ah In as Dong Wook brought such a degree of believability to his character, with his blind courage that was balanced by a shrewd calculative nature." Pramit Chatterjee wrote for "High On Films", "Yoo Ah-in is undoubtedly the star here, and he delivers a major chunk of the fireworks."


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: Yoo next will star opposite Lee Byung-hun, portraying South Korean professional Go player Lee Chang-ho in "The Match". The film is scheduled to be released on Netflix in 2023. He will also play unemployed man with superpower in Kang Hyeong-cheol's fantasy film "Hi.5", alongside Ra Mi-ran, and star in Netflix apocalyptic drama "Goodbye Earth", a work based on the novel "The Fool of the End" by Kōtarō Isaka, directed by Kim Jin-min.


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: Yoo is the representative, curator, and creative director of Studio Concrete; a creative collective which was established in 2014 by a group of artists born in the 1980s. Yoo and his friends founded Studio Concrete with the mission of "building a healthy support system for the future generations of creatives." The group is involved in a range of creative projects including planning exhibitions and advertisements, graphic design, product design and art collaborations. Located in a remodeled old townhouse in Hannam-dong, the group's atelier functions as a cultural complex and features a gallery, cafe and shop. The space hosts free monthly exhibitions and events that introduce the work of emerging local and international artists.


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: Through Studio Concrete exhibitions, Yoo shows his support for the LGBT community, liberal feminist, Korean Childhood Leukemia Foundation, and other minority groups. In addition to Studio Concrete's annual charity bazaar for children, the art gallery holds new events every month for various groups. In 2017, Studio Concrete collaborated with "Diesel" for "Make Love Not Walls" Global Campaign in Seoul. The gallery also held a Feminist Book Fair & Discussion and "Drag Queen Dramatic Reading" Events. In 2018, Studio Concrete produced a short documentary "The Interview" for "Diesel"'s "Hate Couture" Global Campaign to take a stand against Cyberbullying. All the proceeds from the brand's sale were donated to the anti-bullying programmes. That same year, the gallery collaborated with W Korea magazine for "Breast Cancer Awareness" Campaign. Proceeds from the item's sale were donated to Korean breast cancer foundation. The following year, Studio Concrete co-produced 12 episodes of KBS1 special talk show "Do-ol Ah-in Going All Directions" commemorating 100th Year March First Movement.


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: International artists who have held their solo exhibitions in Studio Concrete are Daniel Caesar, Jean Jullien, Joan Cornellà, and Eric Joyner. Since 2016, Studio Concrete has been working together with DJ Peggy Gou, as well. Until 2019, Studio Concrete has held 16 solo exhibitions, 18 collaborative exhibitions, 2 special invitation exhibitions, and art collaboration projects with The National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Diesel, Budweiser, Absolut Vodka, Dunkin Donuts, CNCity Energy, and more.


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: In 2013, Yoo donated to a campaign titled "I Am Against The Unfair Food Tray of Children" through The Beautiful Foundation. He had helped The Beautiful Foundation adding 22% to the fundraising goal, thus only 1% to go to reach 350 million Won. The Foundation published his letter encouraging participation, and soon after, the fundraising exceeded its goal.


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: In 2014, Yoo launched a local clothing line named Newkids Nohant to create Hangul-themed T-shirt designs. He then donated the profits worth 100 million won made through the clothing line, opening up the Newkids Yoo Ah In Charity Fund in 2015. The fund will be used to provide aid for college tuition and educational expenses for the students who attend college while living in or after retiring from residential care centers. On April 18, 2014, Yoo quietly joined the Sewol Ferry relief efforts after the Sinking of MV Sewol tragedy, and secretly sent supplies to the family members of missing passengers in Jindo.


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: Since 2015 Yoo and his art gallery Studio Concrete hold the annual charity bazaar to celebrate Children's Day and donate all the proceeds from the bazaar to the Korea Childhood Leukemia Foundation. In 2016, he donated museum tickets worth 40 million Won for underprivileged children.


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: Yoo is the first Asian actor to be the global model of "Diesel". In September 2018, Yoo joined "Diesel"'s "Hate Couture" Global Campaign to take a stand against Cyberbullying. Yoo and his artist group Studio Concrete released a short documentary "The Interview" for the campaign on September 20, 2018. "The Interview" took the form of a fake documentary rarely seen in the fashion film genre. Yoo took the helm as the creative director and the main character himself. Proceeds from the sale of the brand's pieces will be donated in support of anti-bullying programmes.


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: Yoo has been a supporter of breast cancer awareness campaigns since 2012 through Amore Pacific Group and W Korea Magazine's annual campaign activities, such as "Pink Ribbon Love Marathon" and "Love Your W" campaigns. In January 2017, together with the renown sculptor Osang Gwon, Yoo teamed up to produce a bust-sized cubist sculpture, symbolizing the breast cancer awareness campaign "Love Your W". On October 26, 2018, Yoo and his artist group Studio Concrete collaborated with W Korea in the 13th annual "Love Your W" campaign by designing a set of special T-shirts, and bringing up the Woman & Beauty theme for a photo exhibition called "Love Your W". Proceeds from the exhibition were donated to the Korean Breast Cancer Foundation.


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: Considered one of the most outspoken and politically socially charged Korean actors of his generation, Yoo drew media attention in late 2012 when he tweeted a strongly worded criticism against the withdrawal of Ahn Cheol-soo from the presidential race. He also criticized the age regulation on Lady Gaga's concert in Seoul which were first sold as PG-13 but later on changed to PG-18. On November 19, 2016, Yoo took part in the biggest mass rally calling for president Park Geun-hye's resignation.


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: Yoo identifies himself as a feminist. In February 2016, Yoo's remarks about female film directors while promoting his movie "Like for Likes" grabbed media attention. Yoo said, "I want to work with a female movie director. When people talk about female directors, they always put 'female' in front of director, even though they don't put 'male' for male directors. This can mean that women are special, but in reality women often lose out in society because of their gender. I want to lend weight to them and I am also curious about working with them." Yoo also made a feminist remark about the film, "This film depicts the stereotypical perception of women that is deeply rooted in Korean society. When a man articulates his opinion, he is considered as having self-confidence and cool, but when a woman does the same she is called a very opinionated. This part went straight to my heart." In February 2017, Yoo stated, "I am also a feminist, since all of us wish for equality. So, whoever wishes for a world where he or she is not marginalized, persecuted, nor hurt because of his or her own attributes—is in fact a feminist by choice."


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: In late 2017, Yoo tweeted a strongly worded criticism against the radical feminist community Megalia, which resulted in accusations that he had made aggressive expressions of a typical patriarchally minded Korean man. Yoo denied the allegation. In March 2018, he posted a short, silent, caption-less clip of some people being tied down and burned to death while the people surrounding them just watching. Netizens quickly assumed that the video pointed towards the Me Too movement in South Korea as a witch-hunt. In the BBC interview, May 2018, Yoo said, "Feminism is the most important human rights movement of today." And, "There is the structure of 'men, the discriminator of women' versus 'women, the victim.' We must co-exist in this world, and I believe that the way to do so must be discussed in a less aggressive, more peaceful way." In his talkshow "Do-ol Ah-in Going All Directions", January 2019, Yoo's thought on gender war happening in South Korea and his support for the minorities have drawn media attention, "The rational voice of the weak and the minority have never been accepted much by those with power or vested interests. Considering what causes such aggressive and even violent voices to emerge, I think it's because our society does not yet accept reasonable, honest, and sincere demands. However, if we take a step away from the irrational violent voices, I think we have an opportunity to change society."


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: Yoo has appeared in advertising campaigns for international brands, such as McCafé, Diadora, Diesel, Cartier, Absolut Vodka, Calvin Klein, Burberry, Birkenstock, Burger King, and Puma. He is the first Asian actor to be a global model of Diesel, and the first Korean actor to be a Korean brand ambassador for Cartier. Yoo is also the first Korean and only Asian celebrity to be chosen as a global ambassador for Calvin Klein's 2019 "I Speak My Truth" campaign, and was chosen by Riccardo Tisci to be Burberry's only male global ambassador since 2019. In 2020, he joined the Birkenstock Global Personality campaign along with Grace Coddington. The following year, he contributed to Balenciaga and World Food Programme's 2021 "Zero Hunger" campaign by donating all his modeling fees from the Balenciaga's WFP 2021 Spring Collection to the campaign. In November 2022, Yoo was chosen by "GQ Korea" as one of the Men of the Year.


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: Yoo has two elder sisters. In addition to managing Studio Concrete art gallery in Hannam-dong, Yoo had been an investor and business partner of TMI (Too Much Information), a Korean healthy fried food with mushroom-oriented restaurant in Itaewon, Seoul from 2015 to 2017.


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: Yoo was also a freelance writer. He had been the chief editor of Tom Greyhound's fashion magazine "Tom Paper" from 2014 to 2016, and had contributed several columns for magazines such as "InStyle Korea", and "Movieweek". The Seoul Poets Association's magazine, "Monthly Poetry", praised his writings as "beautiful, clear and clean breath of oneself that is different from glamorous life of an actor." His writings were noticed by publishers and professional writers as well.


title: Yoo Ah-in

text: In 2017, Yoo revealed that he had a bone tumor, and thus had been delaying his mandatory military service. Yoo's representatives stated that his symptoms were benign, which meant that the non-cancerous tumor would have minimal effect on his everyday life and carry no risk of spreading. On June 27, 2017, Yoo's representatives announced that he had been exempt from military service after failing five medical examinations.


title: Tim Meadows

text: Timothy Meadows (born February 5, 1961) is an American actor and comedian. He was one of the longest-running cast members on "Saturday Night Live", where he appeared for ten seasons and for which he received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety Series in 1993. He played main character John Glascott on the ABC sitcom "Schooled" for its two-season run after playing the same character in a recurring role for six seasons on "The Goldbergs".


title: Tim Meadows

text: Meadows was born in Highland Park, Michigan, the son of Mardell, a nurse's assistant, and Lathon Meadows, a janitor. He attended Pershing High School in Detroit and studied television and radio broadcasting at Wayne State University.


title: Tim Meadows

text: Meadows began performing improvisational comedy at the Soup Kitchen Saloon. Meadows's start in show business was in Chicago as a member of The Second City comedy troupe alongside future star Chris Farley. In 1991, Meadows landed a spot on "Saturday Night Live" and would go on to become a longtime cast member, appearing on the program until 2000. (Meadows was on the show for ten seasons; this was the record for the longest tenure on the show until it was surpassed by Darrell Hammond in 2005, whose record was also surpassed by Kenan Thompson in 2017.) Meadows's lengthy tenure on the show was used as a gag in three monologues when former cast members Phil Hartman and Mike Myers returned to the show to host, and when Alec Baldwin hosted for his twelfth time.


title: Tim Meadows

text: Meadows often spoofed famous personalities including Oprah Winfrey, Erykah Badu, Michael Jackson, and Tiger Woods, on SNL, and one time was a quick change artist to pull off an impersonation of both O. J. Simpson and Al Cowlings within the timespan of one SNL skit. Some skits had Meadows playing a fictionalized version of himself, such as being a fan of ice hockey on "Weekend Update" stating his dissatisfaction with the 1994 NHL lockout and remarking "What am I supposed to do about this; watch basketball?" Another sketch as himself was introducing the entire SNL cast as their most famous characters, such as Wayne and Garth, or Melanie Hutsell as Jan Brady in a sing-a-long denouncing the 1992 Los Angeles riots, which ends with Meadows remarking "This is personal to me...mainly because I don't have an SNL character to play!" Eventually he did get an original character with Leon Phelps, "The Ladies' Man", a perpetually horny talk show host who falsely believed himself to be the living definition of what women search for in a man. The character was adapted into a 2000 film, "The Ladies Man", which followed the character's attempts to find love and a suitable outlet for his beloved radio program. In 2001, he co-starred in "Three Days"; in 2003 he appeared as Miles McDermott in "The Even Stevens Movie".


title: Tim Meadows

text: Meadows soon moved on to other projects, including a regular role on the short-lived NBC sitcom "The Michael Richards Show" and a supporting role in the 2004 film "The Cookout". He also guest-starred as a client on the hit NBC comedy "The Office" in the second-season episode "The Client". He played a high school principal in "Mean Girls", a film written by (and co-starring) fellow "SNL" cast member Tina Fey. He also had a part in Handsome Boy Modeling School's album "White People". In 2007, he appeared in a substantial supporting role in "".


title: Tim Meadows

text: Meadows has appeared in other feature films, including "Coneheads", "It's Pat", and "Wayne's World 2", all of which were based on popular "SNL" characters and had varying degrees of success. He co-starred in the 2006 film "The Benchwarmers" alongside his former "SNL" co-stars Rob Schneider and David Spade. He was also featured in CBS's "Gameshow Marathon" (summer 2006), has appeared on "The Colbert Report" in the recurring role of P.K. Winsome, a conservative pundit and entrepreneur (who made an appearance at the Rally to Restore Sanity and/or Fear), and starred in "The Bill Engvall Show" and "Curb Your Enthusiasm". He was also a frequent guest on "The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson" as a comic field reporter. On May 31, 2008, Meadows threw out a ceremonial first pitch and conducted the seventh-inning stretch at Wrigley Field during a Chicago Cubs game against the Colorado Rockies.


title: Tim Meadows

text: In 2014, Meadows co-starred alongside Casey Wilson and Ken Marino in the short-lived NBC sitcom "Marry Me". He and Dan Bucatinsky played "The Kevins", the gay dads of Annie (played by Wilson) who are both named Kevin. Since 2013, he has appeared in a recurring role on the ABC sitcom "The Goldbergs", playing Mr. Glascott, the high school's parrot-owning guidance counselor. In 2016, he began starring in the FOX live-action/animation hybrid "Son of Zorn" opposite Cheryl Hines and Jason Sudeikis. He also had a recurring role in "Brooklyn Nine-Nine" as Jake Peralta's cannibal prison cellmate.


title: Tim Meadows

text: Meadows continues to perform improv in Chicago and Los Angeles, most frequently at venues such as the ImprovOlympic and Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre. With Heather Anne Campbell and Miles Stroth, Meadows frequently performed in the improvised sketch show, "Heather, Miles, and Tim" in Los Angeles.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: Ögedei Khagan (also Ogodei; – 11 December 1241) was second khagan-emperor of the Mongol Empire. The third son of Genghis Khan, he continued the expansion of the empire that his father had begun.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: Born in 1186 AD, Ögedei fought in numerous battles during his father's rise to power. After being granted a large appanage and taking a number of wives, including Töregene, he played a prominent role in the Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire. When his older brothers Jochi and Chagatai quarrelled over strategies when besieging Gurganj, Genghis appointed Ögedei sole commander; his successful capture of the city in 1221 ensured his military reputation. He was confirmed as heir after further infighting between his elder brothers led to both being excluded from succession plans. Genghis died in 1227, and Ögedei was elected as khagan in 1229, after a two-year regency led by his younger brother Tolui.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: As khan, Ögedei pursued the expansionist policies of his father. He launched a second invasion of Persia led by Chormaqan Noyan in 1230, which subdued the Khwarazmian prince Jalal al-Din and began to subjugate Georgia. He initiated the Mongol invasions of Korea, and his armies skirmished with the Song dynasty and in India. By the time of his death in 1241, large armies under the command of his nephew Batu Khan and Subutai had subdued the steppes and penetrated deep into Europe. These armies defeated Poland at Legnica and Hungary at Mohi before retreating. It is likely that this retreat was caused by the need to find a successor after Ögedei's death, although some scholars have speculated that the Mongols were simply unable to invade further because of logistical difficulties.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: As an administrator, Ögedei continued to develop the fast-growing Mongol state. Working with officials such as Yelü Chucai, he developed "ortogh" trading systems, instituted methods of tax collection, and established regional bureaucracies which controlled legal and economic affairs. He also founded the Mongol capital city, Karakorum, in the 1230s. Although historically disregarded in comparison to his father, especially on account of his alcoholism, he was known to be charismatic, good-natured, and intelligent.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: Ögedei was the third son of Genghis Khan and Börte Ujin. He participated in the turbulent events of his father's rise. When Ögedei was 17 years old, Genghis Khan experienced the disastrous defeat of Khalakhaljid Sands against the army of Jamukha. Ögedei was heavily wounded and lost on the battlefield. His father's adopted brother and companion Borokhula rescued him. Although he was already married, in 1204 his father gave him Töregene, the wife of a defeated Merkit chief. The addition of such a wife was not uncommon in steppe culture.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: After Genghis was proclaimed Emperor or Khagan in 1206, "myangans" (thousands) of the Jalayir, Besud, Suldus, and Khongqatan clans were given to him as his appanage. Ögedei's territory occupied the Emil and Hobok rivers. According to his father's wish, Ilugei, the commander of the Jalayir, became Ögedei's tutor.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: Ögedei, along with his brothers, campaigned independently for the first time in November 1211 against the Jin dynasty. He was sent to ravage the land south through Hebei and then north through Shanxi in 1213. Ögedei's force drove the Jin garrison out of the Ordos, and he rode to the juncture of the Xi Xia, Jin, and Song domains.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: During the Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia, Ögedei and Chagatai massacred the residents of Otrar after a five-month siege in 1219–20 and joined Jochi who was outside the walls of Urganch. Because Jochi and Chagatai were quarreling over the military strategy, Ögedei was appointed by Genghis Khan to oversee the siege of Urganch. They captured the city in 1221. When the rebellion broke out in southeast Persia and Afghanistan, Ögedei also pacified Ghazni.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: The Empress Yisui insisted that Genghis Khan designate an heir before the invasion of the Khwarezmid Empire in 1219. After the terrible brawl between two elder sons Jochi and Chagatai, they agreed that Ögedei was to be chosen as heir. Genghis confirmed their decision.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: Genghis Khan died in 1227, and Jochi had died a year or two earlier. Ögedei's younger brother Tolui held the regency until 1229. Ögedei was elected supreme khan in 1229, according to the kurultai held at Kodoe Aral on the Kherlen River after Genghis' death, although this was never really in doubt as it was Genghis' clear wish that he be succeeded by Ögedei. After ritually declining three times, Ögedei was proclaimed Khagan of the Mongols on 13 September 1229. Chagatai continued to support his younger brother's claim.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: After destroying the Khwarazmian empire, Genghis Khan was free to move against Western Xia. In 1226, however, Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu, the last of the Khwarizm monarchs, returned to Persia to revive the empire lost by his father, Muhammad ‘Ala al-Din II. The Mongol forces sent against him in 1227 were defeated at Dameghan. Another army that marched against Jalal al-Din scored a pyrrhic victory in the vicinity of Isfahan but was unable to follow up that success.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: With Ögedei's consent to launch a campaign, Chormaqan qorchi left Bukhara at the head of 30,000 to 50,000 Mongol soldiers. He occupied Persia and Khorasan, two long-standing bases of Khwarazmian support. Crossing the Amu Darya River in 1230 and entering Khorasan without encountering any opposition, Chormaqan passed through quickly. He left a sizable contingent behind under the command of Dayir Baghatur, who had further instructions to invade western Afghanistan. Chormaqan and the majority of his army then entered Tabaristan (modern-day Mazandaran), a region between the Caspian Sea and Alborz mountains, in the autumn of 1230, thus avoiding the mountainous area to the south, which was controlled by the Nizari Ismailis (the Assassins).


title: Ögedei Khan

text: Upon reaching the city of Rey, Chormaqan made his winter camp there and dispatched his armies to pacify the rest of northern Persia. In 1231, he led his army southward and quickly captured the cities of Qum and Hamadan. From there, he sent armies into the regions of Fars and Kirman, whose rulers quickly submitted, preferring to pay tribute to Mongol overlords rather than having their states ravaged. Meanwhile, further east, Dayir Baghatur steadily achieved his goals in capturing Kabul, Ghazni, and Zabulistan. With the Mongols already in control of Persia, Jalal al-Din was isolated in Transcaucasia where he was banished. Thus all of Persia was added to the Mongol Empire.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: At the end of 1230, responding to the Jin's unexpected defeat of Doqolqu cherbi (Mongol general), the Khagan went south to Shanxi province with Tolui, clearing the area of the Jin forces and taking the city of Fengxiang. After passing the summer in the north, they again campaigned against the Jin in Henan, cutting through territory of South China to assault the Jin's rear. By 1232 the Jin Emperor was besieged in his capital of Kaifeng. Ögedei soon departed, leaving the final conquest to his generals. After taking several cities, the Mongols, with the belated assistance of the Song dynasty, destroyed the Jin with the fall of Caizhou in February 1234. However, a viceroy of the Song murdered a Mongol ambassador, and the Song armies recaptured the former imperial capitals of Kaifeng, Luoyang, and Chang'an, which were now ruled by the Mongols.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: In addition to the war with the Jin dynasty, Ögedei crushed the Eastern Xia founded by Puxian Wannu in 1233, pacifying southern Manchuria. Ögedei subdued the Water Tatars in the northern part of the region and suppressed their rebellion in 1237.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: The Mongols under Chormaqan returned to the Caucasus in 1232. The walls of Ganjak were breached by catapult and battering ram in 1235. The Mongols eventually withdrew after the citizens of Irbil agreed to send a yearly tribute to the court of the khagan. Chormaqan waited until 1238, when the force of Möngke Khan was also active in the north Caucasus. After subduing Armenia, Chormaqan took Tiflis. In 1238, the Mongols captured Lorhe whose ruler, Shahanshah, fled with his family before the Mongols arrived, leaving the rich city to its fate. After putting up a spirited defense at Hohanaberd, the city's ruler, Hasan Jalal, submitted to the Mongols. Another column then advanced against Gaian, ruled by Prince Avak. The Mongol commander Tokhta ruled out a direct assault and had his men construct a wall around the city, and Avak soon surrendered. By 1240, Chormaqan had completed the conquest of Transcaucasia, forcing the Georgian nobles to surrender.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: In 1224, a Mongol envoy was killed in obscure circumstances and Korea stopped paying tribute. Ögedei dispatched Saritai qorchi to subdue Korea and avenge the dead envoy in 1231. Thus, Mongol armies began to invade Korea in order to subdue the kingdom. The Goryeo King temporarily submitted and agreed to accept Mongol overseers. When they withdrew for the summer, however, Choe U moved the capital from Kaesong to Ganghwa Island. Saritai was hit with a stray arrow and died as he campaigned against them.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: Ögedei announced plans for the conquest of the Koreans, the Southern Song, the Kipchaks and their European allies, all of whom killed Mongol envoys, at the kurultai in Mongolia in 1234. Ögedei appointed Danqu commander of the Mongol army and made Bog Wong, a defected Korean general, governor of 40 cities with their subjects. When the court of Goryeo sued for peace in 1238, Ögedei demanded that the king of Goryeo appear before him in person. The Goryeo king finally sent his relative Yeong Nong-gun Sung with ten noble boys to Mongolia as hostages, temporarily ending the war in 1241.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: The Mongol Empire expanded westward under the command of Batu Khan to subdue the western steppes and drive into Europe. Their western conquests included Volga Bulgaria, almost all of Alania, Cumania, and Rus', along with a brief occupation of Hungary. They also invaded Poland, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, the Latin Empire, and Austria. During the siege of Kolomna, the Khagan's half brother Khulgen was killed by an arrow.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: Amid the conquest, Ögedei's son Güyük and Chagatai's grandson Büri ridiculed Batu, and the Mongol camp suffered dissension. The Khagan harshly criticized Güyük: "You broke the spirit of every man in your army... Do you think that the Russians surrendered because of how mean you were to your own men?". He then sent Güyük back to continue the conquest of Europe. Güyük and another of Ögedei's sons, Kadan, attacked Transylvania and Poland, respectively.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: Although Ögedei Khan had granted permission to invade the remainder of Europe, all the way to the "Great Sea", the Atlantic Ocean, the Mongol advance stopped in East Europe early in 1242, the year after his death. Mongol accounts would later attribute the drive's failure to his untimely demise necessitating Batu's withdrawal to personally participate in the election of Ögedei's successor. Batu, however, never reached Mongolia for such an election and a successor wouldn't be named until 1246. A likely reason the advance stalled and never regained momentum is that European fortifications posed a strategic problem that Mongol commanders were unable to surmount with the resources they had available.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: In a series of razzias from 1235 to 1245, the Mongols commanded by Ögedei's sons penetrated deep into the Song Dynasty and reached Chengdu, Xiangyang and Yangtze River. But they could not succeed in completing their conquest due to climate and the number of Song troops, and Ögedei's son Khochu died in the process. In 1240, Ögedei's other son Khuden dispatched a subsidiary expedition to Tibet. The situation between the two nations worsened when Song officers murdered Ögedei's envoys headed by Selmus.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: The Mongol expansion throughout the Asian continent under the leadership of Ögedei helped bring political stability and re-establish the Silk Road, the primary trading route between East and West.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: Ögedei appointed Dayir Baghatur in Ghazni and Menggetu noyan in Qonduz. In winter 1241 the Mongol force invaded the Indus valley and besieged Lahore, which was controlled by the Delhi Sultanate. However, Dayir Baghatur died storming the town, on 30 December 1241, and the Mongols butchered the town before withdrawing from the Delhi Sultanate.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: Some time after 1235 another Mongol force invaded Kashmir, stationing a darughachi there for several years. Soon Kashmir became a Mongolian dependency. Around the same time, a Kashmiri Buddhist master, Otochi, and his brother Namo arrived at the court of Ögedei.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: Ögedei began the bureaucratization of Mongol administration. Three divisions constituted his administration:


title: Ögedei Khan

text: Mahamud Yalavach promoted a system in which the government would delegate tax collection to tax farmers who collect payments in silver. Yelu Chucai encouraged Ögedei to institute a traditional Chinese system of government, with taxation in the hands of government agents and payment in a government issued currency. The Muslim merchants, working with capital supplied by the Mongol aristocrats, loaned at higher interest the silver needed for tax payments. In particular, Ögedei actively invested in these ortoq enterprises. At the same time the Mongols began circulating paper currency backed by silver reserves.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: Ögedei abolished the branch departments of state affairs and divided the areas of Mongol-ruled China into ten routes according to the suggestion of Yelü Chucai. He also divided the empire into Beshbalik and Yanjing administration, while the headquarters in Karakorum directly dealt with Manchuria, Mongolia and Siberia. Late in his reign, Amu Darya administration was established. Turkestan was administered by Mahamud Yalavach, while Yelu Chucai administered North China from 1229 to 1240. Ögedei appointed Shigi Khutugh chief judge in China. In Iran, Ögedei appointed first Chin-temur, a Kara-kitai, and then Korguz, an Uyghur who proved to be honest administrator. Later, some of Yelu Chucai's duties were transferred to Mahamud Yalavach and taxes were handed over to Abd-ur-Rahman, who promised to double the annual payments of silver. The Ortoq or partner merchants lent Ögedei's money at exorbitant rates of interest to the peasants, though Ögedei banned considerably higher rates. Despite it proving profitable, many people fled their homes to avoid the tax collectors and their strong-arm gangs.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: Ögedei had imperial princes tutored by the Christian scribe Qadaq and the Taoist priest Li Zhichang and built schools and an academy. Ögedei Khan also decreed to issue paper currency backed by silk reserves and founded a Department responsible for destroying old notes. Yelu Chucai protested to Ögedei that his large-scale distribution of appanages in Iran, Western and North China, and Khorazm could lead to a disintegration of the Empire. Ögedei thus decreed that the Mongol nobles could appoint overseers in the appanages, but the court would appoint other officials and collect taxes.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: The Khagan proclaimed the Great Yassa as an integral body of precedents, confirming the continuing validity of his father's commands and ordinances, while adding his own. Ögedei codified rules of dress and conduct during the kurultais. Throughout the Empire, in 1234, he created postroad stations (Yam) with a permanent staff who would supply post riders' needs. Relay stations were set up every 25 miles and the yam staff supplied remounts to the envoys and served specified rations. The attached households were exempt from other taxes, but they had to pay a qubchuri tax to supply the goods. Ögedei ordered Chagatai and Batu to control their yams separately. The Khagan prohibited the nobility from issuing paizas (tablets that gave the bearer authority to demand goods and services from civilian populations) and jarliqs. Ögedei decreed that within decimal units one out of every 100 sheep of the well-off should be levied for the poor of the unit, and that one sheep and one mare from every herd should be forwarded to form a herd for the imperial table.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: From 1235–38 Ögedei constructed a series of palaces and pavilions at stopping places in his annual nomadic route through central Mongolia. The first palace Wanangong was constructed by North Chinese artisans. The Emperor urged his relatives build residences nearby and settled the deported craftsmen from China near the site. The construction of the city, Karakorum (Хархорум), was finished in 1235, assigning different quarters to Islamic and North Chinese craftsmen, who competed to win Ögedei's favor. Earthen walls with 4 gates surrounded the city. Attached were private apartments, while in front of stood a giant stone tortoise bearing an engraved pillar, like those that were commonly used in East Asia. There was a castle with doors like the gates of the garden and a series of lakes where many water fowl gathered. Ögedei erected several houses of worship for his Buddhist, Muslim, Taoist, and Christian followers. In the Chinese ward, there was a Confucian temple where Yelu Chucai used to create or regulate a calendar on the Chinese model.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: Ögedei was also known to be a humble man, who did not believe himself to be a genius, and who was willing to listen to and use the great generals that his father left him, as well as those he himself found to be most capable. He was the Emperor (Khagan) but not a dictator. Like all Mongols at his time, he was raised and educated as a warrior from childhood, and as the son of Genghis Khan, he was a part of his father's plan to establish a world empire. His military experience was notable for his willingness to listen to his generals and adapt to circumstances. He was a pragmatic person, much like his father, and looked at the end rather than the means. His steadiness of character and dependability were the traits that his father most valued, and that gained him the role of successor to his father, despite his two older brothers.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: Ögedei was considered to be his father's favorite son, ever since his childhood. As an adult, he was known for his ability to sway doubters in any debate in which he was involved, simply by the force of his personality. He was a physically big, jovial, and charismatic man, who seemed mostly to be interested in enjoying good times. He was intelligent and steady in character. His charisma was partially credited for his success in keeping the Mongol Empire on the path that his father had set. Ögedei was a pragmatic man, though he made some mistakes during his reign. Ögedei had no delusions that he was his father's equal as a military commander or organizer and used the abilities of those he found most capable.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: Ögedei was well known for his alcoholism. Chagatai entrusted an official to watch his habit, but Ögedei managed to drink anyway. It is commonly told that Ögedei did so by vowing to reduce the number of cups he drank a day then having cups twice the size created for his personal use. When he died at dawn on 11 December 1241, after a late-night drinking bout with Abd-ur-Rahman, the people blamed the sister of Tolui's widow and Abd-ur-Rahman. The Mongol aristocrats recognized, however, that the Khagan's own lack of self-control had killed him.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: The sudden death of Tolui in 1232 seems to have affected Ögedei deeply. According to some sources, Tolui sacrificed his own life, accepting a poisoned drink in shamanist ritual in order to save Ögedei who was suffering from illness. Other sources say Ögedei orchestrated Tolui's death with the help of shamans who drugged the alcoholic Tolui.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: According to Persian chroniclers, Ögedei ordered the rape of four thousand Oirat girls above the age of seven. These girls were then confiscated for Ögedei's harem or given to caravan hostels throughout the Mongol Empire for use as prostitutes. This move brought the Oirat and their lands under Ögedei's control following the death of Ögedei's sister Checheyigen, who previously controlled Oirat lands.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: Anne F. Broadbridge links an "infamous alleged mass rape of Oirat girls" to Ögedei's requisitioning of girls from his uncle Temüge Otchigin's territories without Temüge's approval. Broadbridge notes however that "with all the evidence suppressed, this can only be a surmise". The History of the Yuan or "Yuanshi" and Secret History of the Mongols speak of a forceful requisitioning of women by Ögedei from the "left wing" and "uncle Otchigin's domain" respectively but do not mention a rape. In the Secret History Ögedei expresses remorse for his act stating "as to my second fault, to listen to the word of a woman without principle, and to have the girls of my uncle Otchigin's domain brought to me was surely a mistake" but De Rachewiltz notes that the entire paragraph listing four good deeds and four mistakes may be a posthumous assessment.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: The only account alleging a rape is in Chapter 32 of the Tarikh-i Jahangushay (History of the World Conqueror) written in 1252 by Juvayni (1226-1283). In Chapter 32 Juvayni starts by praising Ögedei Khan then proceeds to give 50 highly detailed anecdotes to illustrate Ögedei's "clemency, forgiveness, justice and generosity" followed by one anecdote to illustrate his "violence, severity, fury and awesomeness" which was the rape incident. This anecdote closes the chapter. The name of the tribe is unclear in two manuscripts of Juvayni but Manuscript D and Rashid-Al-Din give it as Oirat. Broadbridge and De Rachewiltz questioned the factual accuracy of this identification with the Oirats.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: In the Tarikh-i Jahangushay claims Ögedei died shortly after his lion-like hounds chased and tore to pieces a wolf he saved and released despite his having hoped God Almighty would spare his ill bowels if he released a living creature. This anecdote (Anecdote 47) contradicts the standard account of Ögedei's death from a late-night drinking bout with Abd-ur-Rahman.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: In the early 1230s, Ögedei had nominated his son Kuchu as his heir; following Kuchu's death in 1236, he named his grandson Shiremun as his heir. His preference was not binding on the Mongols. Güyük eventually succeeded him after the five-year regency of his widow Töregene Khatun. However, Batu, the Khan of the Golden Horde (also known as the Kipchak Khanate or the Ulus of Jochi), only nominally accepted Güyük, who died on the way to confront Batu. It was not until 1255, well into the reign of Möngke Khan, that Batu felt secure enough to again prepare to invade Europe. He died before his plans could be implemented.


title: Ögedei Khan

text: When Kublai Khan established the Yuan dynasty in 1271, he had Ögedei Khan placed on the official record as Taizong ().


title: Ögedei Khan

text: Like his father Genghis Khan, Ögedei had many wives and sixty concubines: Ögedei married first Boraqchin and then Töregene. Other wives included Möge Khatun (former concubine of Genghis Khan) and Jachin Khatun.


title: Danny Drinkwater

text: Daniel Noel Drinkwater (born 5 March 1990) is an English professional footballer who is a midfielder.


title: Danny Drinkwater

text: Having come through the youth academy at Manchester United, he spent time on loan with Huddersfield Town, Cardiff City, Watford and Barnsley. He moved to Leicester City in 2012, where he was part of the Foxes side that was promoted to the top flight and later part of their the Premier League title winning team in 2016. Since moving to Chelsea in 2017 he has spent time on loan with Burnley, Aston Villa, Kasımpaşa and Reading.


title: Danny Drinkwater

text: Drinkwater has also played internationally for England at under-18, under-19 and senior levels, winning three caps in 2016 for the latter whilst a Leicester player.


title: Danny Drinkwater

text: Born in Manchester, Drinkwater joined the Manchester United academy at the age of nine, progressing through the ranks before earning a trainee contract in July 2006. In his first season at the club, Drinkwater became a regular in the Manchester United under-18 team, making 27 appearances and scoring two goals. He received his first taste of reserve team action that same season, coming off the bench to replace Ritchie Jones in a 5–2 Premier Reserve League win at home to Wigan Athletic. The following season, Drinkwater consolidated his position in the under-18s team while increasing his presence in the reserves. In the 2008 Lancashire Senior Cup final against Liverpool on 31 July 2008, Drinkwater came on as a 56th-minute substitute for Rodrigo Possebon before scoring the winning goal three minutes from full-time. In the 2008–09 season, Drinkwater became a regular in the reserve team, making 18 appearances and getting on the scoresheet twice.


title: Danny Drinkwater

text: At the end of the season, he was called up to the Manchester United first team for their dead rubber league match against Hull City on 24 May 2009. He was named on the bench, but did not take to the field.


title: Danny Drinkwater

text: To gain first-team experience, on 14 August 2009, Drinkwater joined Huddersfield Town on loan for the duration of the 2009–10 season. He made his debut for the club the very next day, coming on in the 72nd minute for Gary Roberts in a 3–1 win at home to Southampton. His first goal for Huddersfield came three days later in a 7–1 home win over Brighton & Hove Albion, five minutes after coming on as a 64th-minute substitute. He made his first start for Huddersfield in a 1–0 defeat at Bristol Rovers on 22 August.


title: Danny Drinkwater

text: On 8 July 2010, Manchester United agreed for Drinkwater to spend a season-long loan spell at Cardiff City. As they were under a transfer embargo at the time, Cardiff said that the move would be completed once this had been lifted. The move was eventually confirmed on 6 August 2010, once the embargo had been removed. Drinkwater's competitive debut for Cardiff two days later, in their 1–1 home draw with Sheffield United on the opening day of the 2010–11 Football League season.


title: Danny Drinkwater

text: Despite the loan having originally been intended to last the entire season, Manchester United recalled Drinkwater from Cardiff on 25 January 2011. During his time with Cardiff, Drinkwater made 12 appearances, including nine in the Championship.


title: Danny Drinkwater

text: Just three days after his return to Manchester United, Drinkwater joined Watford on 28 January 2011 on loan until the end of the season.


title: Danny Drinkwater

text: On 23 August 2011, Drinkwater joined Barnsley on loan until 2 January 2012, which was later extended until 30 June 2012. He made 17 Championship appearances for the Tykes, scoring in a 5–3 loss at his former team Cardiff on 22 October.


title: Danny Drinkwater

text: After being named Championship Player of the Month for December 2013, he was also one of three players who received a nomination for the Championship Player of the Year Award. Drinkwater had his most successful year as a professional, scoring seven goals and being named to the PFA Championship Team of the Year alongside teammates Kasper Schmeichel and Wes Morgan, as Leicester were promoted to the Premier League after winning the Championship. On 17 June 2014, Drinkwater signed a new four-year deal with Leicester after helping the Foxes win promotion to the Premier League for the first time in ten years.


title: Danny Drinkwater

text: Drinkwater played consistently as the Foxes won the Premier League title in 2015–16, alongside his midfield partners N'Golo Kanté, Marc Albrighton and Riyad Mahrez. He scored his first top-flight goal on 23 January 2016, to open a 3–0 win over Stoke City at the King Power Stadium.


title: Danny Drinkwater

text: On 1 September 2017, Drinkwater signed for Premier League champions Chelsea on a five-year contract, for a £35 million fee. Due to a thigh injury that ruled him out previously, he made his debut on 25 October in the last 16 of the EFL Cup, playing an hour of a 2–1 home win over Everton. Drinkwater made his first Premier League start for the Blues in a 1–1 draw against Liverpool at Anfield on 25 November. On 30 December, he scored his first and only goal for Chelsea, a well-executed half volley, in a 5–0 home win over Stoke City. His first season at Chelsea saw him make 22 appearances in all competitions, including four in the Blues' triumphant FA Cup campaign. However, injury meant Drinkwater was not involved in the final, against his old club Manchester United.


title: Danny Drinkwater

text: With the arrival of new manager Maurizio Sarri, Drinkwater made no league appearances at all in the 2018–19 season. His only appearance in all competitions was during the 2018 FA Community Shield against Manchester City in August 2018.


title: Danny Drinkwater

text: Drinkwater signed for Premier League club Burnley on 8 August 2019 on loan until 6 January 2020. He made his Burnley debut on 28 August 2019, in a 3–1 EFL Cup defeat to Sunderland.


title: Danny Drinkwater

text: On 31 August 2019, he was allegedly attacked outside a nightclub, resulting in injury and two weeks out-of-action. He did not make his league debut until 3 December, in a 4–1 loss to Manchester City. Drinkwater was unable to get back into the team after that game, and on 3 January 2020, Burnley manager Sean Dyche confirmed that Burnley would not extend his loan and he would return to Chelsea.


title: Danny Drinkwater

text: On 7 January 2020, Drinkwater signed for Aston Villa on loan until the end of the 2019–20 season. Aston Villa manager Dean Smith watched Drinkwater train with the team before confirming his loan deal. Smith stated that he was confident that Drinkwater had put the issues that had affected his previous loan behind him and he would be ready to provide cover for the injured John McGinn. On 11 March, Drinkwater was told to leave Aston Villa's training ground following an altercation with teammate Jota, in which Drinkwater reportedly directed a headbutt at the player.


title: Danny Drinkwater

text: In May, ESPN named Drinkwater's move to Chelsea as the second-worst transfer in Premier League history, behind only Ali Dia's move to Southampton. Drinkwater was not allocated a squad number for the 2020–21 season, with his former number 6 allocated to new signing Thiago Silva. In an interview with "The Telegraph" in September 2020, Drinkwater spoke of his off-field issues and stated his desire to get his career back on track, including the possibility of playing abroad.


title: Danny Drinkwater

text: On 18 January 2021, Drinkwater signed for Turkish club Kasımpaşa on loan until the end of the season. He made his debut as a substitute against Göztepe on 28 February.


title: Danny Drinkwater

text: On 30 August 2021, Drinkwater joined Reading on loan until the end of the season. He scored his first goal for the club on 27 November 2021 in a 3–2 win against Swansea City.


title: Danny Drinkwater

text: Chelsea announced on 10 June 2022 that Drinkwater would leave the club when his contract expired at the end of June.


title: Danny Drinkwater

text: Drinkwater made his debut for the England under-18 team in their 2–0 win over Ghana, where he scored the second goal of the match. His second under-18 cap came in a 2–0 win over Austria.


title: Danny Drinkwater

text: He also made appearances for the England under-19s between 2008 and 2009. His first appearance came in their match against Albania on 8 October 2008. His final appearance for the England under-19s came against Ukraine on 2 August 2009.


title: Danny Drinkwater

text: He was called up to the full England squad for the first time on 17 March 2016, ahead of friendlies against Germany and the Netherlands. He made his debut 12 days later in the latter match, a 2–1 loss at Wembley Stadium in which he was man of the match. Drinkwater was named in Roy Hodgson's 26-man provisional squad for UEFA Euro 2016 but was one of three players axed for the final selection.


title: Danny Drinkwater

text: In April 2019, Drinkwater was charged with drink-driving after crashing his Range Rover into a wall in Mere, Cheshire. There were two other passengers in the car at the time of the accident, who were treated for minor injuries. Drinkwater appeared at Stockport Magistrates' Court on 13 May, where he pleaded guilty to drink-driving and received a 20-month driving ban.


title: Danny Drinkwater

text: In September 2019, Drinkwater was attacked outside a Manchester nightclub, allegedly following a dispute with fellow footballer Kgosi Ntlhe, which resulted in ankle ligament damage.


title: Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters

text: Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters (also known as Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Sea of Monsters and Percy Jackson and the Sea of Monsters) is a 2013 fantasy adventure film directed by Thor Freudenthal from a screenplay Marc Guggenheim, based on the 2006 novel "The Sea of Monsters" by Rick Riordan. The sequel to "" (2010), it is the second and final installment in the "Percy Jackson" film series.


title: Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters

text: The film continues the adventures of Percy Jackson (Logan Lerman) and his friends as they journey to the eponymous Sea of Monsters to retrieve the Golden Fleece in order to save the tree barrier that protects their home. Brandon T. Jackson, Alexandra Daddario, and Jake Abel reprise their roles from the previous film, while Nathan Fillion and Anthony Head replace Dylan Neal and Pierce Brosnan, respectively. New additions to the cast include Leven Rambin, Douglas Smith, and Stanley Tucci.


title: Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters

text: "Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters" was released theatrically in the United States on August 7, 2013, by 20th Century Fox. The film received mixed reviews from critics, with praise for its visuals and action, but criticism for its plot and characters. It grossed $200.9 million worldwide against a production budget of $90 million.


title: Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters

text: A sequel based on "The Titan's Curse" was planned, but never produced. Following the acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney in 2019, Disney consequently gained the rights to the "Percy Jackson" novels, upon which Riordan pitched a new adaptation, set to be produced as a television series for Disney+.


title: Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters

text: Percy Jackson recounts the story of Thalia Grace: Pursued by monsters on their way to Camp Half-Blood, a young Thalia sacrificed herself to save her friends, Annabeth Chase, Luke Castellan and Grover Underwood. Her father Zeus honored her sacrifice by turning her into a tree, which forms a protective barrier around the camp, keeping everyone within a safe zone. In the present day, has faded in popularity and he is called a one-quest wonder by camp bully Clarisse La Rue, but is still supported by Annabeth and Grover. He is joined at camp by a young cyclops named Tyson, who was thought to be a regular mortal until revealed as a son of Poseidon, and therefore his brother.


title: Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters

text: After an attack by a Colchis bull, the campers discover Thalia's tree has been poisoned by Luke and the barrier is vulnerable. Percy consults the Oracle, who tells him of a prophecy of a half-blood of the eldest gods either saving or destroying Olympus. Chiron tells Percy that he is the only living, human half-blood of the eldest gods, so the Prophecy may refer to him. Annabeth and Grover learn about the Golden Fleece, which has the power to heal anything, and propose a quest to retrieve the Fleece and use it to heal Thalia's tree. Counsellor Mr. D claims the idea as his and chooses Clarisse to lead the quest.


title: Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters

text: Percy and Annabeth set off without being chosen, joined by Tyson. They leave camp on the Chariot of Damnation (a New York City cab), where the three drivers (the Graeae) tell Percy more about his prophecy and coordinates for the Sea of Monsters (the Bermuda Triangle). The group are ejected in Washington D.C. for lacking drachmas, where Grover is kidnapped. The others, with the help of Hermes, track him down to Luke's yacht, the "Andromeda", which they reach riding Hippokamposes. On board, Luke reveals his plan to have Kronos the titan destroy Olympus by reviving him with the fleece and locks the group in the brig, but Percy uses his ability to manipulate water to break them free.


title: Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters

text: Escaping the yacht, they are consumed by Charybdis, where they discover Clarisse in the monster's stomach. Percy and Clarisse work together to escape Charybdis by shooting a hole through its gut, then chart a course to Circeland, off the coast of Florida. There they discover Polyphemus's lair, where the fleece is kept and Grover is being held captive by the cyclops. They rescue Grover, retrieve the fleece and trap Polyphemus in his cave. Luke ambushes them and shoots at Percy with a crossbow for not handing over the fleece, but Tyson takes the bolt and falls into a roaring stream. Luke takes the fleece and the group hostage


title: Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters

text: As Luke begins reviving Kronos from his sarcophagus, Annabeth encourages Percy to take leadership. The team escapes captivity and Percy grapples with Luke over the fleece, like the prophecy said they would. Luke gets Percy in submission but he is saved by Tyson, who survived his wound by being healed by the water, as he is Poseidon's son. Kronos rises from the sarcophagus and consumes Luke and Grover before battling Percy. Percy realizes that his sword is the "cursed blade" of the prophecy and slices Kronos into pieces and imprisons the titan in the sarcophagus once again, after regurgitating Grover and Luke, the latter landing in Polyphemus's Lair and is presumably eaten. Annabeth is stabbed in the back by the Manticore and dies in Percy's arms, but is resurrected by the fleece.


title: Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters

text: Percy gives the fleece to Clarisse and they return to Camp Half-Blood, where she places it on Thalia's tree. The next day Thalia is found alive, as the fleece was powerful enough to resurrect and return her to human form. Percy realizes that Thalia, as the daughter of Zeus, is another possible child referred to in the prophecy about Olympus.


title: Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters

text: Reports of a second "Percy Jackson" film first surfaced in March 2011. On October 12, 2011, a sequel was officially confirmed by 20th Century Fox. Filming for "Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters" began on April 16, 2012. The film was originally going to be released on March 15, 2013, but in May 2012, the release date was postponed to August 16, 2013. In April 2013, a final release date was set for August 7, 2013. Filming took place in Robert Burnaby Park in Burnaby, B.C.; however from June 20 to July 22, they filmed in New Orleans for Princess Andromeda scenes, including the former site of Six Flags New Orleans. More filming took place in January 2013. On January 22, 2013, Logan Lerman released a statement on Twitter that read "Last day of shooting on Percy Jackson 2" accompanied by a photo of the shooting.


title: Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters

text: In February 2011, it was revealed in the online subscription magazine "Production Weekly" that the film was in production. In another source, the lead cast members from the first movie were expected to return for their roles. Chris Columbus would not be returning as director, though he would be producing the movie together with Karen Rosenfelt (producer of the "Twilight" movie "Breaking Dawn"). Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski were hired as the scriptwriters. Marc Guggenheim was hired to re-write the screenplay and Alexander and Karaszewski were uncredited. On June 16, 2011, it was announced that Thor Freudenthal would be directing the movie. Shooting began in summer 2012. On October 12, 2011, it was announced that the film would be released on March 26, 2013. On April 6, it was announced that the movie was pushed up to August 7, 2013. On May 31, 2012, it was announced that the movie had been pushed back to August 16, 2013.


title: Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters

text: On January 13, 2012, a brand new production list was released and stated that filming would take place between April 26, 2012 and July 11, 2012. It was filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, and New Orleans, Louisiana, with the abandoned Six Flags New Orleans serving as the filming location for the island of Polyphemus. Filming wrapped up in July 2012, with reshoots taking place in January 2013.


title: Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 42% based on reviews from 118 critics, with an average rating of 5.20/10. The website's consensus reads, "It's pretty and packed with action; unfortunately, "Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters" is also waterlogged with characters and plots that can't help but feel derivative." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 39 based on 33 collected reviews, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on a scale from A+ to F, the same grade earned by the previous film.


title: Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters

text: Jim Vejvoda of IGN rated the movie a six out of ten: "There are worse sequels than the CG-heavy "Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters", but it's just such overly familiar territory." Gary Goldstein of the "Los Angeles Times" gave the film a positive review, saying that "tweens and young teens should be sufficiently distracted by the movie's brisk pace and heroic mayhem — if they're not too unnerved by its at times nightmarish imagery". James Rocchi of ScreenCrush wrote that the film "is hardly the stuff of legend, but by keeping the plot straightforward and the storytelling clean, it's an odyssey the intended young audience will be glad to take." Marsha McCreadie on RogerEbert.com rated the film two and a half stars out of four, calling it "a gentler-spirited, less flashy enterprise, though it still presents a natural world that can morph at the whim of a god."


title: Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters

text: Andy Webster of "The New York Times" commented: ""Sea of Monsters" is diverting enough — the director, Thor Freudenthal ... is savvy with effects and keeps his young cast on point — but it doesn’t begin to approach the biting adolescent tension of the "Harry Potter" movies." However, Michael Rechtshaffen of "The Hollywood Reporter" criticized the film as "lack[ing] the energetic zip of its predecessor," while Bruce Ingram of "Chicago Sun-Times" opined that "faithful fans of the novels will be unhappy with the liberties taken with the adaptation like they were with the first film." Connie Ogle of "The Miami Herald" wrote, "[Are] these characters merely prisoners — much like the audience — of a script so uninspired that it demands their stupidity?" Josh Bell of "Las Vegas Weekly" lambasted the series as a whole as "a thoroughly second-rate franchise ... with movies like "Sea of Monsters", it can probably continue in acceptable mediocrity for years to come".


title: Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters

text: "Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters" grossed $68,559,554 in North America and $133,688,197 internationally for a worldwide total of $202,247,751.


title: Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters

text: The film grossed $5.4 million on its opening day, taking the number No. 2 spot at the domestic box office. During its extended five-day opening weekend the film debuted at the No. 4 spot and grossed $23,258,113.


title: Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters

text: Katelyn Mager was nominated for her performance at the 2014 Young Artist Award as Best Supporting Young Actress in a Feature Film.


title: Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters

text: The film's score was composed by Andrew Lockington. "My Songs Know What You Did in the Dark (Light Em Up)" by Fall Out Boy and "Cameo Lover" by Kimbra were featured in the movie but are not included in the soundtrack.


title: Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters

text: The film was released on 3D Blu-ray, Blu-ray, and DVD on December 17, 2013. The film was additionally released for Digital HD download on December 3.


title: Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters

text: On March 25, 2014, Lerman stated that a sequel to "Sea of Monsters" would not be made. However, six days later, another report stated "Logan Lerman has said "Percy Jackson 3" could still go ahead" and that the previous report "was taken out of context". At the 2015 Santa Barbara International Film Festival, Lerman said that while he finds the "Percy Jackson" films fun to make, he has not heard anything about the production of a third film and expressed concern that he and his co-stars were growing too old for their parts.


title: Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters

text: The rights to the "Percy Jackson" novels were transferred to Disney following its acquisition of 21st Century Fox in 2019, upon which Riordan pitched a new adaptation in September of that year. On May 14, 2020, a Disney+ series separate from the Fox film series was announced on Riordan's Twitter account, where he stated that he and his wife Becky would be involved in the production of the series. Each season of the series will adapt one installment of the book series, with the first season being an adaptation of "The Lightning Thief". The series was greenlit in January 2022, began production in June 2022, and is scheduled to premiere in early 2024. Walker Scobell, Leah Sava Jeffries and Aryan Simhadri will respectively portray the three main characters Percy Jackson, Annabeth Chase and Grover Underwood.


title: Jessica Paré

text: Jessica Paré (born December 5, 1980) is a Canadian actress and singer known for her co-starring roles on the AMC series "Mad Men" and the CBS series "SEAL Team". She has also appeared in the films "Stardom" (2000), "Lost and Delirious" (2001), "Wicker Park" (2004), "Suck" (2009), "Hot Tub Time Machine" (2010), and "Brooklyn" (2015).


title: Jessica Paré

text: Paré was born in Montreal, Quebec, the daughter of Anthony Paré, former chair of the education department at McGill University, and Louise Mercier, a conference interpreter. She grew up in the Montreal neighbourhood of Notre-Dame-de-Grâce with three brothers. She speaks English and French.


title: Jessica Paré

text: Paré's father was an actor and drama teacher who toured with a theatre company, and her mother acted in amateur productions; her uncle Paul was a comedian with the sketch comedy troupe Radio Free Vestibule. Paré watched her father at rehearsals as a child and became interested in acting while helping him learn his lines for a production of "The Tempest".


title: Jessica Paré

text: Her relatives include great-grandfather Al Paré and great-great-uncles Noah and Henry Timmins. 18th-century Irish dramatist, fiction writer, essayist and actress Elizabeth Griffith is also Paré ancestor through her son, politician Richard Griffith.


title: Jessica Paré

text: Paré attended Villa Maria, a private Catholic high school in Montreal. She studied drama at TheatreWorks and appeared in over half a dozen amateur theatre productions as a teenager, including roles as Maid Marian in "Robin Hood" and Lucy in "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe".


title: Jessica Paré

text: Paré landed a small role in the television film "Bonanno: A Godfather's Story" during her final year in high school, which convinced her to pursue acting as a career. She also had small roles in an episode of the horror television series "Big Wolf on Campus" and the French film "En Vacances" (1999). She dropped out of the fine arts program at Montreal's Dawson College and pursued acting for two years. At one point, she worked as a photographer's assistant on automotive photo shoots.


title: Jessica Paré

text: After Paré auditioned for a bit part for the independent film "Stardom" (2000), director Denys Arcand chose her to star in the film. She played a naive ice hockey player propelled to international stardom as a supermodel. The comedic satire closed the 2000 Cannes Film Festival with mixed reviews from critics. Paré became the Canadian film industry's "it girl" following the film's release. She was also voted one of the 25 Most Beautiful People of 2012, by "People", one of only a few Canadian citizens to have ever been granted this designation.


title: Jessica Paré

text: Paré next starred in "Lost and Delirious" (2001), a story of two young lovers set in a girls' boarding school. The film debuted to mixed reviews at the Sundance Film Festival. The performances of Paré and her co-stars Mischa Barton and Piper Perabo were, however, widely praised. Paré appeared in the television miniseries "Random Passage" (2002), based on a series of award-winning novels by Bernice Morgan. Also that year, she appeared in the television miniseries "Napoléon" as the emperor's mistress and had a cameo appearance as a pop singer in Deepa Mehta's "Bollywood/Hollywood" (2002). The following year, she starred in the girl gang thriller film "Posers" (2003), after which she appeared in the CTV film "The Death and Life of Nancy Eaton", in the title role of murdered heiress Nancy Eaton.


title: Jessica Paré

text: Paré made her Hollywood debut in the film "Wicker Park" (2004). That year, she also starred in the television miniseries "Lives of the Saints", was in the mockumentary "See This Movie" (2004), and had a role in The WB teen drama series "Jack & Bobby", about two brothers, one whom grows up to be the President of the United States; Paré's character grows up to be the First Lady.


title: Jessica Paré

text: Paré shot the CBS pilot "Protect and Serve" in 2007, co-starred in the independent French-Canadian romantic comedy "Jusqu'à toi", and had a small role in "The Trotsky" (2008), a comedy filmed in Montreal.


title: Jessica Paré

text: She filmed "Suck" (2008), a vampire horror-comedy written and directed by Rob Stefaniuk, for which role she learned to play the bass guitar. "Suck" premiered at the 2009 Toronto International Film Festival as part of the Contemporary World Cinema programme. Paré was nominated for a 2010 Canadian Comedy Award for best female performance in film for the role.


title: Jessica Paré

text: Paré played a groupie in the comedy film "Hot Tub Time Machine" (2010). That year, she also appeared in the Canadian comedy "Peepers", about pleasures in voyeurism. "Peepers" competed in the Just for Laughs film festival in Montreal in July 2010.


title: Jessica Paré

text: Also in 2010, Paré joined the cast of the AMC television series "Mad Men", playing Don Draper's second wife, Megan Calvet. Paré's character had a prominent role in the Season 5 opener of "Mad Men", in which she danced and sang a version of the 1960 Gillian Hills hit "Zou Bisou Bisou". Her recording of the song was subsequently released as a download and on vinyl.


title: Jessica Paré

text: In 2011, Paré appeared in "Beholder". The short film, directed by Nisha Ganatra, premiered as part of the ITVS/PBS series "FutureStates". She also starred in "The Mountie" (also known as "The Way of the West", and filmed under the working title of "Red Coat Justice" in 2009), a western about the North-West Mounted Police, filmed in a remote location outside of Whitehorse, Yukon, and in the comedic short "Sorry, Rabbi", directed by Mark Slutsky.


title: Jessica Paré

text: In 2012, Paré appeared on stage with The Jesus and Mary Chain, singing "Just Like Honey", for two concerts in Buffalo, New York and Toronto. That same year, she filmed the romantic comedy, "Standby", in Luxembourg and Ireland; she plays the female lead, Alice. It was released in 2014.


title: Jessica Paré

text: In 2017, Paré was added to the main cast of the CBS television series "SEAL Team" as Amanda Ellis, the team's CIA liaison. The series was renewed for a fourth season in 2020.


title: Jessica Paré

text: In 2013 she was dating musician John Kastner. On March 19, 2015, she gave birth to a son, Blues Anthony Paré Kastner.


title: Jessica Paré

text: Paré is Catholic. She identifies as a feminist, telling "Fashion" magazine, "Of course I'm a feminist... If you're not for the equal treatment of men and women, then you're a fascist."


title: Ba'athist Iraq

text: Ba'athist Iraq, formally the Iraqi Republic until 6 January 1992 and the Republic of Iraq thereafter, covers the national history of Iraq between 1968 and 2003 under the rule of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party. This period began with high economic growth and soaring prosperity, but ended with Iraq facing social, political, and economic stagnation. The average annual income decreased both because of external factors such as the heavy sanctions placed on Iraq by Western countries and the internal policies of the Iraqi government.


title: Ba'athist Iraq

text: Iraqi President Abdul Rahman Arif and Iraqi Prime Minister Tahir Yahya were ousted during the 17 July coup d'état led by Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr of the Ba'ath Party, which had previously held power in 1963 and was led primarily by al-Bakr—who served as its leader—and Saddam Hussein. Saddam, through his post as chief of the party's intelligence services, became the country's "de facto" leader by the mid-1970s. During al-Bakr's "de jure" rule, the country's economy grew, and Iraq's standing within the Arab world increased. However, several internal factors were threatening the country's stability, among them being the government's conflict with various factions of the Iraqi Shia Muslim community as well as with the Iraqi Kurdish community in the north (see Shia–Sunni sectarian violence in Iraq and the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict). Additionally, Iraq's conflict with the neighbouring Imperial State of Iran due to bilateral border disputes over the Shatt al-Arab waterway served as a major external threat to the country's stability due to Iran's backing of Kurdish rebels in northern Iraq.


title: Ba'athist Iraq

text: After dismissing al-Bakr in 1979, Saddam officially succeeded him as the fifth President of Iraq, as Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council, and as Prime Minister and General Secretary of the Regional Command of the Ba'ath Party. Saddam's seizure of power occurred during a wave of anti-government protests in Iraq, which were led by Shias. The Ba'ath Party, which was officially secular in nature, harshly repressed the protests. Another policy change during this time was in Iraq's foreign policy towards Iran, a Shia-majority country which had recently undergone a major revolution that ousted the Shah, Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, and established a theocratic Islamic state led by the Shia clergy with Ruhollah Khomeini serving as its Supreme Leader. Rapidly deteriorating relations eventually led to the Iran–Iraq War by 1980, which began following the Iraqi invasion of Iran in September 1980. After the 1979 Islamic Revolution, the Iraqi leadership believed that Iran's internal post-revolutionary chaos had made the Iranians militarily weak, and thus a relatively easy target for the Iraqi military, which had until this point struggled to combat Iranian forces under the Shah. This notion proved to be incorrect, and the war lasted for eight years; the economy of Iraq deteriorated during this period, and the country became dependent on foreign loans to fund its war effort. The conflict ended in a stalemate when a United Nations Security Council-mandated ceasefire was accepted by both sides in 1988, which resulted in a "status quo ante bellum".


title: Ba'athist Iraq

text: When the war ended, Iraq was in the midst of an economic depression, owed millions of dollars to foreign countries, and was unable to repay its creditors. During this time, Kuwait deliberately increased its oil output, greatly reducing international oil prices and further weakening the Iraqi economy while exerting pressure on the Iraqi leadership to pay back its loans. During bilateral negotiations, Iraq began exerting pressure on the Kuwaiti leadership to reduce its oil output and also accused Kuwait of cross-border slant drilling to steal Iraqi oil. The Iraqi leadership threatened military action if Kuwait did not make amends and demanded compensation for the violation of its sovereignty. Negotiations eventually broke down, and resulted in the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait on 2 August 1990. The resulting international response by a United States-led coalition led to the Persian Gulf War, which Iraq lost. The United Nations (UN) initiated economic sanctions against Iraq in the war's aftermath to weaken the Ba'athist regime. The country's economic conditions worsened during the 1990s, but by the early 2000s, the Iraqi economy started to grow again as several countries began to ignore UN sanctions. In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks on American soil by al-Qaeda, the United States proclaimed a "War on Terror" and labelled Iraq as part of an "Axis of Evil". In 2003, United States-led coalition forces invaded Iraq, and the Ba'athist Iraqi regime was deposed less than a month later.