title: Bootsy Collins

text: He has been mentioned in the song "Genius of Love" by Tom Tom Club in the line "Clinton's musicians such as Bootsy Collins raise expectation to a new intention", while "Got more bass than Bootsy Collins" is a line in the song "Rumble in the Jungle" by the Fugees. His influence in popular culture is seen in that he has been referenced by a number of television series. In "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air" episode "Sooooooul Train", Geoffrey sneaks into the "Soul Train" tapings posing as Collins, while in "The Mighty Boosh" episode "The Legend of Old Gregg" an alien creature named 'The Funk' lands on Collins's house, giving him his ability to play the bass guitar "like some kinda delirious funky priest", as well as the ability to see around corners.


title: Bootsy Collins

text: Red Hot Chili Peppers bassist Flea, who cited Collins as one of his primary influences, appeared in unmistakably Collins style clothing in the video for RHCP's "Dani California", and Collins's "What's a Telephone Bill?" was sampled for 2Pac's "Str8 Ballin'" track from his "" album. Les Claypool has also cited Collins as a musical influence.


title: Bootsy Collins

text: In 2004 Collins was featured on the cover of "The Joker" on the Fatboy Slim album "Palookaville". Collins served as Heineken's Amsterjam 2005 curator and master of ceremonies on Randall's Island, New York. On January 26, 2007, Collins gave the commencement address at the graduation ceremony at The Art Institute of Ohio - Cincinnati.


title: Bootsy Collins

text: Collins appeared with Toots & the Maytals on the album "True Love" that won the Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album in 2005.


title: Bootsy Collins

text: In October 2010, he was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award by "Bass Player" magazine at the Key Club in Los Angeles. Collins was inducted in 2016 into the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame.


title: Bootsy Collins

text: In March 2011, Collins and his wife visited Franklin L. Williams M.S #7's Little Kids Rock program, donated a bass, gave the children a bass lesson, and rapped with them while they played the blues. He is now an honorary board member of the organization. Collins is an honorary member of Phi Beta Sigma fraternity.


title: Bootsy Collins

text: In an April 2011 interview with "The Guardian", Collins stated that, at one point in his life, he took LSD every day for over two years.


title: Bootsy Collins

text: In 2005, Collins appeared with Madonna, Iggy Pop, Little Richard, and The Roots' Questlove, in an American TV commercial for the Motorola ROKR phone.


title: Bootsy Collins

text: Collins voiced the character Boötes Belinda in the "Loonatics Unleashed" episode "The Music Villain".


title: Bootsy Collins

text: Collins played an alien version of himself in the R-rated Williams Street spring break special "" on Adult Swim in March 2010.


title: Bootsy Collins

text: On April 15, 2011, he appeared on "Later... with Jools Holland", performing a memorable snippet of funk with Jools.


title: Bootsy Collins

text: In the fall of 2011, Collins began being featured in a TV commercial for Old Navy in which he is making "boots" made by Bootsy to be sold at Old Navy.


title: Bootsy Collins

text: Collins guest starred as himself at the end of "Mid-Season Finale", an episode of "The Patrick Star Show", a spin-off of Nickelodeon's "SpongeBob SquarePants," in 2022.


title: Bootsy Collins

text: Collins is the voice of Jimi Hendrix in the 2010 documentary, "Jimi Hendrix: Voodoo Child", which is based on Hendrix's own words from letters, interviews and other printed materials.


title: Bootsy Collins

text: In June 2011, Collins played the 10th Annual Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival in Manchester, Tennessee.


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: HIM (sometimes stylized as H.I.M.) was a Finnish gothic rock band from Helsinki. First formed in 1991 by vocalist Ville Valo and bassist Mikko "Mige" Paananen under the name His Infernal Majesty, the band broke up after only a few years, only to be reformed in 1995 by Valo and guitarist Mikko "Linde" Lindström. After being rejoined by Mige, as well as keyboardist Antto Melasniemi and drummer Juhana "Pätkä" Rantala, the band, now called HIM, released its debut album "Greatest Lovesongs Vol. 666" in 1997. In 2000, now with drummer Mika "Gas Lipstick" Karppinen and keyboardist Juska Salminen, the band released "Razorblade Romance", which reached the number one spot in Finland, Austria and Germany. The first single "Join Me in Death" also charted at number one in Finland and Germany, eventually going platinum and gold, respectively. Following the addition of Janne "Burton" Puurtinen on keyboards, HIM released "Deep Shadows and Brilliant Highlights" (2001) and "Love Metal" (2003). Both cracked the top ten in several countries and allowed the band to tour in the United Kingdom and the United States for the first time.


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: In 2005, HIM released "Dark Light", which became the group's most commercially successful album to date. HIM also became the first Finnish group in history to receive a gold record in the US. In 2007, HIM released "Venus Doom", the making of which was marred by problems in Valo's personal life. Nevertheless, the album gave the band its highest chart position in the US at number twelve. After 2010's "", HIM went on a hiatus after Gas Lipstick was forced to take medical leave. Following several months of uncertainty, the band regrouped and released the album "Tears on Tape" in 2013. Gas Lipstick announced his departure from the band in 2015 and was subsequently replaced by Jukka "Kosmo" Kröger. On 5 March 2017, HIM announced that the band would be disbanding following a farewell tour in 2017. The band played its final show on New Year's Eve 2017 as a part of its annual Helldone Festival.


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: HIM is one of the most commercially successful Finnish bands of all time, with sales of over ten million records. HIM has also received numerous accolades, including eight Emma Awards. The band is known for its distinct sound, which combines more melodic and melancholic elements with heavier influences. This made it difficult for audiences to categorize HIM's music, which led to the band coining the term "love metal". HIM is also known for its logo, the heartagram, which has made numerous appearances in other media.


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: The first incarnation of HIM was formed in 1991 by childhood friends Ville Valo and Mikko "Mige" Paananen in Helsinki, Finland. Valo played six-string bass, which substituted for guitar, while Mige also played bass. The band had two rotating drummers: Sami "Juippi" Jokilehto and Juha Tarvonen. Dubbed His Infernal Majesty, other names considered for the band included Black Earth, Black Salem and Kafferi. After recording its first demo "Witches and Other Night Fears", His Infernal Majesty played its first show on New Year's Eve 1992 at the Semifinal in Helsinki. The band broke up shortly thereafter, when Mige began his national military service. In 1995, His Infernal Majesty was reformed by Valo and guitarist Mikko "Linde" Lindström. Together they recorded a four-track demo, which featured Valo on drums and vocals, and Linde on guitar and bass. Valo originally intended to remain as the bassist for the group, but took up the role of lead vocalist out of necessity, after they were unable to find another singer. Eventually the two were joined by returning bassist Mige and drummer Juhana "Pätkä" Rantala. The group played its first show on 19 December 1995 at the Teatro in Helsinki, opening for Kauko Röyhkä. The band's next show was also at the Teatro, this time performing Type O Negative covers, for which they recruited keyboardist Janne "Burton" Puurtinen.


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: His Infernal Majesty continued to record several more demos, sending them to Nuclear Blast, Roadrunner and Spinefarm Records, among others, all of whom passed on the band. Eventually they were signed to BMG by production manager Asko Kallonen, who was impressed by the band's cover of Chris Isaak's "Wicked Game". In October 1996, the band, now called HIM, released the EP "". Recorded in only five days and produced by Hiili Hiilesmaa, the EP also featured Oskari "Oki" Kymäläinen on guitar, but he was fired from the group after allegedly having an affair with Pätkä's girlfriend. "666 Ways to Love: Prologue" debuted at number sixteen on the Finnish Singles Chart and peaked at number nine five weeks later. The band played a special album release show at the Tavastia Club on 19 October 1996, before starting a full tour, for which they recruited keyboardist Antto Melasniemi.


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: HIM began recording its full-length debut album in 1997 with Hiili Hiilesmaa once again producing. Due to the band's minimal studio experience, Hiilesmaa played a critical role in helping "build HIM's sound", for which Valo dubbed him the honorary sixth member of the group. "Greatest Lovesongs Vol. 666" was released in Finland on 3 November 1997 and internationally a year later. The album charted in Finland and Germany, peaking at number four in the former. The singles "When Love and Death Embrace" and "Your Sweet 666" also cracked the top ten in the band's home country. "Greatest Lovesongs Vol. 666" received positive reviews from critics, with AllMusic describing the album as having "a very diverse sound" and ultimately succeeding "in pleasing everyone, whether they're into rock or pop." "Greatest Lovesongs Vol. 666" would eventually go platinum in Finland. HIM also went on to win Newcomer of the Year and Debut Album of the Year at the 1997 Emma Gala. The supporting tour for "Greatest Lovesongs Vol. 666" began in mid-December 1997 at the Maxim in Kuopio. Prior to HIM's first international tour, the band decided to fire keyboardist Antto Melasniemi, as they felt he was too disorganized and scatterbrained. He was replaced by Jussi-Mikko "Juska" Salminen. After returning to Finland, the band also parted ways with Pätkä. According to the band, Pätkä's girlfriend had become pregnant, which left him with limited time to rehearse. He was replaced Mika "Gas Lipstick" Karppinen.


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: In January 1999, HIM began demoing material for its next album with Hiili Hiilesmaa. These sessions proved to be unsuccessful, however, and the band decided to relocate to Rockfield, Wales with producer John Fryer. In November 1999, HIM released the single "Join Me in Death", which charted at number one in Finland and Germany. The single would eventually go platinum in Finland, as well as gold in Germany and Austria. At the 1999 Emma Gala, HIM were named Export of the Year. On 31 December 1999, the band performed at the Tavastia Club in Helsinki, Finland, which turned into a New Year's tradition for the group. HIM's second album "Razorblade Romance" was released on 24 January 2000. It peaked at number one in Finland, Austria and Germany. The album would eventually be certified double platinum in Finland, triple gold in Germany, as well as gold in Austria. Four more singles were released, all of which reached the top five on the Finnish Singles Chart. "Razorblade Romance" was mostly well received by critics. "Soundi" gave the album four out of five stars, while Blabbermouth.net called it "yet another amazingly crafted album from Europe's best-kept secret." At the 2000 Emma Gala, HIM was named Band of the Year and "Razorblade Romance" Album of the Year. The group also received the Viewers' Choice Award and the Video of the Year award for "Join Me in Death" at the 2000 VIVA Comet Awards. During the supporting tour for "Razorblade Romance", HIM played its first shows in the United Kingdom. As the tour progressed, however, the band began to feel exhausted. They were also hit with several near-fatal accidents, where Valo nearly fell off a balcony and Salminen ended up in the emergency room after a prank gone wrong. By the band's own account, HIM nearly broke up, though they eventually regrouped and began rehearsing for another album.


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: In late 2000, HIM began demoing material for its third album with producer T. T. Oksala. Satisfied with the results, the band initially wanted to release these demos as its next album. However, BMG resisted and brought producer Kevin Shirley on board to work on the record. Around this time, keyboardist Juska Salminen was also fired from the group after missing several rehearsals. Salminen would later attribute his departure to burnout. He was replaced by Janne "Burton" Puurtinen. The recording process for HIM's third album lasted approximately eleven months, which greatly affected the material. Valo later explained: "When we started recording the third album, we were into stoner rock and Black Sabbath [...] At the end we were into Neil Young and it shows on the record." According to Valo, outside influences within the music industry also contributed to the extended recording process. HIM's third album "Deep Shadows and Brilliant Highlights" was eventually released on 24 August 2001. The record peaked at number one in Finland and Austria, and at number two in Germany and Switzerland. The album would eventually go platinum in Finland and gold in Austria. Three singles were released, all of which reached the top five in Finland. "Deep Shadows and Brilliant Highlights" received mixed reviews, with AllMusic calling it "way too clean" and "utterly boring". This was echoed by "Soundi", who called the album "ideal music for girls, who don't dig the music, but Ville Valo's looks and his lyrics' decadent imagery." Blabbermouth.net, meanwhile, was more positive, stating that "in purely artistic and commercial terms [...] HIM have made the logical follow-up album to one of last year's highlights, and they continue to cement their reputation as one of the most unique and consistent rock acts around." HIM was once again named Export of the Year at the 2001 Emma Gala. The band also received the Viewers' Choice Award at the VIVA Comet Awards.


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: In 2002, HIM was involved in a rights dispute over its name in the United States. As "HIM" was already owned by the drummer of a Chicago jazz fusion band of the same name, the Finnish HIM was renamed HER in the US, until a settlement was reached between the two parties, which allowed both to use the moniker. On 7 October 2002, the band released "The Single Collection", a set containing all the group's singles, along with a previously unreleased single of "It's All Tears". That same month, HIM's official biography "Synnin viemää", written by J. K. Juntunen, was released. The supporting tour for "Deep Shadows and Brilliant Highlights" once again exhausted the band nearly to the point of breaking up, but it also brought the group closer together. HIM also played its first concert in the United States at a one-off show organized by professional skateboarder and television personality Bam Margera. He would go on to work with the band extensively, promoting them and directing several of their music videos.


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: Following a two month break in early 2002, HIM regrouped and began rehearsing for its next album, which saw the band working with Hiili Hiilesmaa again. The band viewed the record as a reaction to the difficulties they faced during "Deep Shadows and Brilliant Highlights". According to Valo: "After what we considered a disappointment with "Deep Shadows and Brilliant Highlights", because there were so many chefs in the kitchen, we wanted to be a band [...] that we control what we do, and everybody else can fuck off." This new determination was underlined by the decision to include the band's logo, the heartagram, prominently on the front cover. Valo called this "a statement of intent [...] musically, visually and ideologically". HIM's fourth studio album "Love Metal" was released on 11 April 2003, and it reached the top five in four countries, peaking at number one in Finland and Germany. It also became the group's first album to chart in the UK at number 55. "Love Metal" would be certified platinum in Finland and gold in Germany. Three singles were released, with "The Funeral of Hearts" peaking at number one in Finland. The music video was later named Best Video at the 2004 "Kerrang! Awards". "Love Metal" was well received by critics, with "Soundi" giving it three out of five stars, while AllMusic noted how "the songwriting is as strong as it has been in quite some time and a newly found sense of urgency keeps the record going at a well-tempered pace".


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: Following "Love Metal"s release, HIM embarked on its first US tour, which was entirely sold-out. In August 2003, HIM parted ways with BMG, having fulfilled its contractual obligations to the label. The band were also set on releasing a live album, tentatively titled "Live Metal", in November 2003, but the record was ultimately scrapped in favor of new material. In March 2004, HIM released "", which peaked at number two in Finland and number five in Germany. It also went gold in the band's home country. Aside from previously released material, the collection also included two new songs, "And Love Said No" and a cover of Neil Diamond's "Solitary Man". The singles peaked at number one and two, respectively, in Finland, while "Solitary Man" reached number nine on the UK Singles Chart. In September 2004, HIM signed a new recording contract with Sire Records, who would handle all the band's future releases in Europe, North America, Japan and Australia. In Finland, HIM's future releases would be handled through the band's own label Heartagram. On 7 December 2004, HIM released "", a DVD featuring all the band's music videos. HIM was also voted 2004's Band of the Year by the readers of "Metal Hammer" magazine.


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: On 17 January 2005, HIM performed at the Yhteinen ASIA benefit concert for victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, along with The Rasmus, The 69 Eyes, Apocalyptica and Negative. In March, the band relocated to Los Angeles to begin work on its fifth studio album with producer Tim Palmer. That same month, "Himmeetä valoa", a documentary about the group, premiered on Yle TV2. The following May, HIM released "Love Metal Archives Vol. I", a collection of music videos, live performances and other bonus material. It debuted at number one in Finland and at number two in Germany. Within a few weeks, the collection had gone gold in Finland. On 26 September 2005, HIM released its fifth studio album "Dark Light", which became the group's most successful album to date. It charted in sixteen countries, being certified platinum in Finland, as well as gold in Germany, the UK, and the US. Four singles were released, with "Wings of a Butterfly" and "Killing Loneliness" reaching number one and two, respectively, on the Finnish Singles Chart. The former also cracked the top ten in the UK. "Dark Light" received mixed reviews from critics. "The New York Times" described the material as "sturdier than ever", while "Q Magazine" called the album "a collection of irresistible pop-rock anthems". "NME", meanwhile, described the record as "wimpy", while AllMusic branded it as "glossy and user-friendly". At the 2005 Emma Gala, "Dark Light" was named Rock Album of the Year, while "Wings of a Butterfly" received the award for Song of the Year.


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: In September 2005, HIM embarked on European club tour to promote "Dark Light". This was followed by a North American leg in October. In December, HIM expanded its annual New Year's Eve show into a three day festival called Helldone, named so after the group's booking agent Tiina Welldone and the city of Helsinki. Following the shows, Linde Lindström fractured his wrist bone which forced HIM to postpone a tour of the UK and Ireland. In March 2006, HIM embarked on its first Australian tour, which was followed by the band's first shows in New Zealand and Japan. In September, HIM cancelled its forthcoming North American tour in order to begin work on a new album. Later that year, HIM released "Uneasy Listening Vol. 1", a collection of rarities and alternate takes of previously released material. The album peaked at number seven in Finland, while the double single "In Joy and Sorrow / Pretending" reached number one.


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: In February 2007, HIM began recording its sixth album at Finnvox Studios with producers Hiili Hiilesmaa and Tim Palmer. The making-of the album was plagued with problems in Ville Valo's personal life. His alcohol abuse had worsened, which resulted in him vomiting and defecating blood at one point. Things came to a head when Valo suffered a nervous breakdown during the recording process. While he did manage to recover momentarily, he began drinking again during the mixing process. Eventually Valo was admitted to the Promises Rehabilitation Clinic in Malibu by the band's manager Seppo Vesterinen. The album's release date was also pushed back from July to September 2007. In April, HIM released "Uneasy Listening Vol. 2", which peaked at number twelve in Finland. From 25 July to 3 September 2007, HIM toured the US with Linkin Park on the Projekt Revolution Tour, which also included My Chemical Romance, Taking Back Sunday and Placebo. Prior to the tour, HIM held a contest for fans to win a trip to meet them at the trek's opening date in Seattle. The winners of the contest would also be featured on a forthcoming live DVD. In July, HIM played a number of concerts opening for Metallica, including a show at Wembley Stadium in London, England.


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: On 14 September 2007, HIM released its sixth studio album "Venus Doom", which charted in the top ten in Finland, Germany, Switzerland and Austria. It also gave the band its highest US chart position to date at number twelve. The album would eventually go gold in Finland and Greece. "The Kiss of Dawn" and "Bleed Well" were released as singles, with the former peaking at number two in Finland. "Venus Doom" was well received by critics, with "Spin" calling the album "[maybe] the year's heaviest, creepiest, and sexiest hard-rock group effort", while "NME" declared it "an extremely well-executed pop-metal album." AllMusic gave the album three-and-a-half stars out of five and found the band "back on track and sounding more metal than ever." "Venus Doom" later garnered the band its first and only Grammy nomination for Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package. During the supporting tour, HIM recorded the live album "Digital Versatile Doom" at the Orpheum Theater in Los Angeles, California. Released on 29 April 2008, the album peaked at number ten in Finland. The 2008 edition of Helldone was expanded into a tour, which took the festival around Finland, before returning to the Tavastia Club on New Year's Eve.


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: In August 2009, HIM entered the studio with producer Matt Squire to begin work on its seventh studio album. For the first time in the band's career, Valo worked completely sober, which resulted in the group rehearsing more than ever before. Titled "", the album was released on 8 February 2010. It charted in ten countries, cracking the top ten in Finland, Germany, Switzerland and Austria. The album also reached number one on the UK Rock & Metal Albums Charts and the US Hard Rock Albums Chart. "Screamworks" was certified gold in Finland. "Heartkiller" and "Scared to Death" were released as singles, with the former peaking at number five in Finland. "Screamworks" was mostly well received by critics, with "Alternative Press" describing it as "ultimately successful in its blending of melody and muscle", while "Billboard" felt it was "a mixed bag, but an appealingly bold one." A supporting tour began in February 2010 with several showcase dates in Europe, followed by an Australian leg as a part of the Soundwave Festival. Beginning in March, the band toured the UK and the US. On 7 December 2010, HIM released "SWRMXS", a remix album done in collaboration with various other artists, including as Tiësto, Morgan Page and Salem. The 2010 edition of Helldone was cancelled, as the band opted to take a break instead.


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: In March 2011, HIM announced it had parted ways with Sire Records, leaving the band without a label. Later that year, HIM began work on its eight studio album, but rehearsals were cut short when Gas Lipstick was diagnosed with a repetitive stress injury and nerve damage in his hands. Gas' injury required extensive rest, which left the band in limbo, unsure whether to break up or find a replacement. The band opted to wait and see if Gas' condition improved, and after eight months, they regrouped and resumed work on HIM's next album. Valo later credited Gas' recovery for helping revitalize the band. In October 2012, HIM released the compilation album "XX – Two Decades of Love Metal". The collection was preceded by a cover of Ké's "Strange World", which was originally scheduled for release on 21 September 2012. However, due to an online leak, the release was pushed up to 7 September. "XX – Two Decades of Love Metal" peaked at number four in Finland. Following a two year hiatus, HIM also brought back the Helldone Festival in December 2012.


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: In February 2013, HIM announced that its forthcoming album would be released through Razor & Tie in North America, Double Cross in the UK and Ireland, and Universal Music in Europe. On 26 April 2013, the band released its eight studio album "Tears on Tape", which was once again produced by Hiili Hiilesmaa and mixed by Tim Palmer. The record charted in nine countries, peaking at number two in Finland and Germany. In the US, the album reached number fifteen on the "Billboard" 200. Three singles were released, with "Into the Night" winning the Video of the Year award at the inaugural Noisecreep Creepies Awards. "Tears on Tape" received mostly positive reviews, with "Classic Rock" calling it "a glorious return to form for one of the world's most peculiarly successful bands". This was echoed by "Alternative Press", who stated that "within HIM's impressive canon, it's among their best." "Kerrang!" gave a less-favorable review, stating: ""Tears On Tape" isn't bad [...] it's just not as seductive as HIM can be."


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: HIM was scheduled to begin its North American tour in support of "Tears on Tape" on 3 May 2013, but the tour was cancelled after Ville Valo suffered a severe asthma attack and was diagnosed with presumptive pneumonia. After Valo recuperated, HIM took part in the Rock Allegiance Tour, along with Volbeat, All That Remains and Airbourne. At the 2013 Revolver Golden Gods Awards, HIM received the award for Most Dedicated Fans. In March 2014, the band embarked on its first South American tour. That same month, HIM's first four albums were digitally reissued in the US by The End Records. In May 2014, the band was scheduled to perform in China for the first time, but the first show in Shanghai was cut short by local authorities, while the second in Beijing was cancelled altogether, due to bad weather conditions. In November 2014, HIM released "", a box set containing the band's first four albums, along with "666 Ways To Love: Prologue", on 180-gram vinyl. In support, HIM embarked on the Love Metal Archives Tour in December 2014. The band also performed at Fields of the Nephilim's 30th anniversary shows in London, England.


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: On 27 January 2015, Gas Lipstick announced his departure from HIM, after 16 years with the band. In his announcement, Gas stated: "There is no drama, bad blood or any negativity involved in my departure. I simply feel that it's time for me to move on as a musician." HIM made its live debut following Gas's departure in July 2015, with a surprise show at the Qstock festival in Oulu, Finland. The show featured the debut of Gas' replacement, drummer Jukka "Kosmo" Kröger. Valo later stated that the band would begin work on a new album eventually, but no release date had been set. On 5 December 2015, HIM performed at Knotfest in Toluca, Mexico, with Slipknot, Megadeth, and Lamb of God, among others. In 2016, HIM took another hiatus, during which the band members focused on their various side projects. Because of this, the 2016 edition of Helldone was cancelled.


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: In October 2016, it was announced that HIM would be headlining the Tuska Open Air Metal Festival in 2017. In January 2017, HIM was also named the headliner of Miljoona Rock. On 5 March 2017, HIM announced that the band would be disbanding following a farewell tour later that year. In the announcement, Valo stated: "After quarter of a century of love and metal intertwined we sincerely feel HIM has run its unnatural course and adieus must be said in order to make way for sights, scents and sounds yet unexplored. We completed the pattern, solved the puzzle and turned the key. Thank you." Valo later elaborated on the band's decision to call it quits, stating: "We got together and started playing some songs and thinking whats next [...] We felt like the new material wasn't taking flight. We got along well together, but something was lacking. The stars weren't in alignment." He also went on to say that: "We felt like there was nothing left to give collectively. It was fun playing the old songs, everybody got along well together, but that spark was missing." Valo didn't rule out the possibility of the band reuniting in the future, stating: "The good thing about this is that there's no drama [...] So it doesn't hurt the chances."


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: A photo exhibition by Ville Juurikkala, titled "HIM: Right Here In My Eyes", was held at the Helsinki Art Museum from 15 June to 3 July, featuring previously unseen photographs of the band preparing for its farewell tour. In November 2017, the exhibition was also held at the Morrison Hotel Gallery in New York City. HIM began its Bang and Whimper 2017 – The Farewell Tour on 14 June 2017 in Barcelona, Spain. The tour was generally well received, with the "Nottingham Post" stating that HIM "truly went out with a 'bang'". The band played its final show on New Year's Eve 2017 as a part of the Helldone Festival.


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: Music critics have referred to the music of HIM as gothic rock, gothic metal, alternative rock, alternative metal, and dark rock. The band has referred to its music as "love metal", the title of the group's fourth studio album. According to Ville Valo, the term "love metal" was coined as a response to people having difficulties categorizing HIM's music. Regarding HIM's reputation as a "goth band", Valo stated: "We can't do anything about that [label], but I think we are a special shade of goth, more tender than others. In Finnish tradition, our music is very melancholic." Valo has also described HIM's sound as "sentimental, hard-hitting rock music". The band's intent has always been to combine more melodic and melancholic elements, with its heavier influences. Valo has often cited Black Sabbath and Type O Negative as HIM's biggest sources of inspiration. Some of the band's other influences include Paradise Lost, Anathema, My Dying Bride, Cathedral, Electric Wizard, Monster Magnet and Norwegian black metal. Regarding HIM's sound, Valo has also stated that: "We never tried to claim that we have reinvented the wheel of rock 'n' roll. We've always been proud to be the torchbearers for Sabbath, Type O, Paradise Lost and Anathema, and a lot of those bands." "Helsingin Sanomat" felt HIM achieved "major crossover appeal" by combining "traditional Finnish melancholia" with "gothic lyrics, walls of metal guitars, and keyboard riffs."


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: On its debut album "Greatest Lovesongs Vol. 666", HIM's sound was viewed by music critics as a combination of heavy metal, and 1980s rock and goth music. These influences were further explored on "Razorblade Romance", which featured less focus on guitar, in favor of a sleeker production and a more melodic sound. HIM continued to explore what critics perceived as a more commercial sound on its third album "Deep Shadows and Brilliant Highlights", which was met with mixed reactions. HIM's fourth album "Love Metal" is widely viewed by the band as the record where the group found its own sound, taking inspiration from bands such as Black Sabbath, Led Zeppelin and Iggy Pop. "Dark Light" was HIM's breakthrough album in the United States, and once again featured a glossier production. According to Valo, 2007's "Venus Doom" was written with the intent of creating a much heavier and darker follow-up, influenced by the likes of My Dying Bride, Anathema and Paradise Lost. "Screamworks: Love in Theory and Practice" took influences from bands of the 1980s, such as a-ha, Depeche Mode and The Cult, while "Tears on Tape" saw HIM returning to its roots, combining elements of the band's sound on every song, as opposed to having "a fast song followed by a slow song". Valo described "Tears on Tape" as a combination of Black Sabbath, The Smashing Pumpkins and Roy Orbison.


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: Lyrically the songs of HIM largely deal with themes of love. According to Valo: "I feel like there is no subject more important for a song than relationships. It's the only thing that moves me." Valo also takes inspiration from literature, but only certain aspects of it, explaining: "As a guy who writes songs, I get excited about an idea, or a book, or a sentence. I don't necessarily get excited about the whole of Tolkien, I just get excited about Uruk-hai. Just a little detail that just makes my mind work overdrive." Valo's lyrics have been described as "oozing with blood-dripping hearts and gothic melodrama".


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: A central of part of HIM's image has been the heartagram, which is the trademarked symbol of the band, created by vocalist Ville Valo on his twentieth birthday in 1996. A combination of a heart and a pentagram, the heartagram is meant to represent the juxtaposition of "the soft and the hard, the male and the female, the yin and the yang". Musically, the heart is also meant to represent the softer side of the band, while the pentagram symbolizes its heavier influences. This juxtaposition can also be seen in the band's album titles. On HIM's first album, the band used a heart with the number "666" written on it as the logo, which Valo later described as "a bit boring". The heartagram was first predominantly used on the cover of HIM's 2003 album "Love Metal". It has since appeared on nearly all releases from the band. Valo has later stated that the heartagram "is probably the best thing I've ever come-up with", and that it's "worth a lot more than money" and "bigger than our band". The heartagram has made several appearances on television as well, including on "Charmed", "LA Ink", "Viva La Bam" and "Criminal Minds".


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: In the band's early days, HIM's image was heavily characterized by occult and satanic imagery. The use of the number "666" was prominent in lyrics, as well as song and album titles. The band's original name "His Infernal Majesty" was also inspired by "The Satanic Bible" by Anton LaVey, the song "Oblivious to Evil" by Deicide, and Haile Selassie, who was known as "his imperial majesty". This flirtation with the occult was seen by the band as purely "symbolic" and "traditionally rock 'n' roll". Ville Valo first became interested in the occult while in school and soon began reading books on the subject. All of the band were also big fans of black metal. However, the group have maintained that none of them were seriously interested in satanism. Instead their interest was about mere "fascination", as well as a tongue in cheek hats off to their favorite bands. His Infernal Majesty eventually shortened its name to HIM in 1996, reportedly because Finnish people had difficulty remembering and pronouncing "His Infernal Majesty". In the years since, HIM toned down the use of satanic imagery even further. When asked about the band's image in 2013, Valo responded: "I think we're pretty much the same [offstage]. The only difference is I'm not necessarily wearing eyeliner every day."


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: On the band's first three albums, vocalist Ville Valo was featured solely on the cover. According to Valo, "Greatest Lovesongs Vol. 666" was meant as combination of goth and eroticism, while "Razorblade Romance" was influenced by the 1980s, glam rock and pop music. "Deep Shadows and Brilliant Highlights", meanwhile, took inspiration from Lou Reed, Patti Smith and late 1970s New York City art circles. "Love Metal" was the first album to prominently feature the heartagram on its cover, which was repeated on the follow-up "Dark Light". For "Venus Doom"s cover, the band used a painting by David Harouni, which Valo had purchased while on tour in New Orleans. "Screamworks: Love in Theory and Practice" featured a photo of a late 19th century nun sculpture that Valo had purchased in Bavaria. On "Tears on Tape", HIM used several paintings by Daniel P. Carter, along with a variation of the heartagram on the front cover.


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: HIM is one of the most commercially successful Finnish bands of all time, with sales of over ten million albums worldwide. They are also the first Finnish group in history to receive a gold record in the United States. As one of the first Finnish bands to achieve major international success, HIM has been credited for paving the way for other Finnish groups, such as Children of Bodom and Sonata Arctica. HIM's manager Seppo Vesterinen recalled how before HIM "the success of Finnish bands [..] was confined to pretty small circles, it wasn't a global phenomenon". In 2015, HIM were one of six Finnish bands honored by the Finnish postal service by being featured on a new line of postage stamps designed by Klaus Welp. Publications such as "Metal Hammer" and "Loudwire" have ranked HIM among the best Finnish metal bands of all time.


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: Much of HIM's success has been attributed to Ville Valo. Along with his songwriting, a key component in HIM's success was Valo's image, which "Helsingin Sanomat" described as utilizing "the tried and true James Dean formula, wherein sensitivity and edginess combined." "Metal Hammer" described Valo as one of the few new "rockstars" of the early 2000s, stating: "HIM were like no other band. They had a special something, but more importantly they had a special someone. Ville shone like a star with his blend of Mick Jagger posturing and Brandon Lee's dark charms in "The Crow"". "Loudwire" ranked Valo as the fourteenth greatest metal frontman of the 21st century, stating: "His baritone voice is undeniably gorgeous, his vampiric charisma is almost hypnotic, male fans desperately attempt to emulate him and female fans scream ballistically as if he was the second coming of Elvis." Unlike other rock and metal bands, HIM also had a wide appeal, with BMG's Asko Kallonen recalling: "For example in England it was hard to grasp. There the split was usually clear: hard rock was for guys, pop was for girls. HIM was listened to by both." Tavastia Club owner Juhani Merimaa noted how the band's credibility in both the underground and mainstream, along with "melodic, catchy and good songs", paved the way for HIM to achieve major success. PopMatters, meanwhile, noted how HIM is "not the sort of act that conjures up a lukewarm response [as] people either like them or discredit them outright". Some of the major criticism directed towards the band have centered around the "formulaic" nature of its music and perceived "pandering" toward teenage goth fans. HIM's association with Bam Margera has also received some negative feedback.


title: HIM (Finnish band)

text: The heartagram has also been a key factor in HIM's success, with Valo noting how the symbol has transcended the band, stating: "There are a lot of people who have them [tattooed] who don't actually know what it was, don't relate it to the band, and in that sense, I consider that to be my greatest achievement." Valo has also credited Bam Margera and Kat Von D for helping the band gain exposure through their work. HIM's music and the heartagram have been prominently featured in Margera's films and TV shows, as well as Von D's "LA Ink". Margera was first introduced to HIM in May 2000, when he flew to Finland for a skateboarding competition and saw the band's music video on TV. He subsequently went out to a record store and bought the album "Razorblade Romance". Regarding Margera's involvement in HIM's success, Valo stated: "It wasn't about secret handshakes between managers, he was just a random fella who came a-knocking on our door [...] and that's how the friendship started." Kat Von D, meanwhile, was introduced to HIM when the band was recording "Dark Light" in Los Angeles. She later appeared in the music video for "Killing Loneliness" and has gone on to do several tattoos for members of the band.


title: UTC−05:00

text: In North America, it is observed in the Eastern Time Zone during standard time, and in the Central Time Zone during the other eight months (see Daylight saving time). The western Caribbean uses it year round.


title: UTC−05:00

text: "Principal cities: New York, Washington, Philadelphia, Boston, Miami, Ottawa, Toronto, Montreal, Havana, Nassau, Port-au-Prince, Cockburn Town, Providenciales"


title: UTC−05:00

text: "Principal cities: Mexico City, Chicago, Dallas, Houston, St. Louis, Minneapolis, Austin, Kansas City, San Antonio, Nashville, Milwaukee, Oklahoma City, Winnipeg"


title: Florentino Pérez

text: Florentino Pérez Rodríguez (; born 8 March 1947) is a Spanish businessman, civil engineer, former politician, and the current president of Real Madrid as well as Chairman and CEO of Grupo ACS, a civil engineering company. He was also the first and only chairman of the breakaway football league called European Super League, a proposed project that was founded through a limited-liability company in Spain which had to stop operations in April 2021 due to legal issues with UEFA.


title: Florentino Pérez

text: Pérez attended the Polytechnic University of Madrid. Pérez joined the Union of the Democratic Centre party in 1979, serving among others on Madrid's city council. In 1986, Pérez ran in the Spanish general elections as candidate for the Democratic Reformist Party ("Partido Reformista Democrático") and served as its secretary-general.


title: Florentino Pérez

text: In 1993, Pérez was named vice president of OCP Construcciones. After the fusion of OCP with Gines y Navarro into Actividades de Construcción y Servicios, S.A. (ACS) in 1997, he became president of the new company. As of 2018, Pérez leads Grupo ACS, Spain's largest construction company, and has a net worth of $2.3 billion.


title: Florentino Pérez

text: Pérez's second attempt was more successful, as he took over as president of Real Madrid in 2000, beating the current president at that time, Lorenzo Sanz. Sanz assumed that the recently won UEFA Champions Leagues in 1998 and 2000 would give him enough credit to win the elections, but Pérez's campaign, once again highlighting the financial problems of the club and claims of mismanagement by the previous boards, proved otherwise. Pérez's promise to bring in Luís Figo from arch-rivals Barcelona also played a decisive role in the elections. Pérez was reelected in 2004 with 94.2% of the total votes.


title: Florentino Pérez

text: Figo also marked the start of Pérez's policy to bring one of the best football players in the world to Real Madrid each season. The strategy was initially known as that of "Zidanes y Pavones" in which superstars would play alongside the "Canteranos", but the players were soon popularly referred to as "Galácticos". In 2001, Zinedine Zidane was signed from Juventus for a then-world record transfer fee of €77.5 million. He was followed by Ronaldo in 2002, David Beckham in 2003, Michael Owen in 2004, and Robinho for a short time in 2005. Initially, Pérez's policy worked to great success, as each new "Galáctico" had the squad built around them, and the team had a good balance between attack and defence. In his first years in office, Real Madrid won two Spanish championships and its record ninth UEFA Champions League. Pérez claimed success in clearing the club's debt; however, this was contradicted by director Ramón Calderón.


title: Florentino Pérez

text: Several years after leaving Real, Fernando Hierro stated that Claude Makélélé had been the club's most important and least appreciated midfielder, saying: "The loss of Makélélé was the beginning of the end for "Los Galácticos"... You can see that it was also the beginning of a new dawn for Chelsea." From the 2003–04 season onward, with the absence of manager Vicente del Bosque and Makelele, Real Madrid failed to win a trophy.


title: Florentino Pérez

text: Although Pérez's policy resulted in increased financial success based on the exploitation of the club's high marketing potential around the world, especially in Asia, it came under increasing criticism for being focused too much on marketing the Real Madrid brand and not enough on the football. He announced his resignation on 27 February 2006, acknowledging that the team and the club as a whole needed a new direction.


title: Florentino Pérez

text: On 14 May 2009, Pérez announced his candidacy for president of Real Madrid in a press conference at the Hotel Ritz Madrid. On 1 June, given that he was the only candidate able to provide the €57,389,000 guarantee necessary to run for the presidency, Pérez was announced as the new president of Real Madrid.


title: Florentino Pérez

text: In his second term, Pérez continued with the "Galácticos" policy pursued during his first term. On 8 June, he bought Kaká from Milan for just under £60 million, while on 11 June, Manchester United accepted an £80 million offer for Cristiano Ronaldo, which would once again break the world record. On 25 June, Pérez and Real Madrid announced the signing of Valencia centre-back Raúl Albiol for €15 million. On 1 July, Pérez bought Karim Benzema from Olympique Lyonnais for a fee of at least £30 million, which could rise to £35 million, depending on the player's success. On 5 August, Real Madrid confirmed the signing of Xabi Alonso from Liverpool for £30 million; Alonso became the second Liverpool player to join Real Madrid in the same transfer window after full-back Álvaro Arbeloa's £5 million switch to the Santiago Bernabéu in July. On 31 May 2010, Pérez presented José Mourinho as the new manager of Real Madrid in a £6.8 million deal.


title: Florentino Pérez

text: During the next three years, Pérez brought a lot of new faces to the team, including the German wonderkid Mesut Özil, and Ángel Di María, who both attracted attention from Europe's elite football clubs during the 2010 World Cup in South Africa. The squad managed to break Barcelona's dominance, winning the Copa del Rey in 2011 and then clinching La Liga title in 2012 with record-breaking 100 points. Additionally, in 2011 Madrid reached the semi-final stage of the Champions League for the first time since 2003. In his third season, Mourinho led the team to its third consecutive Champions League semi-finals, second place in the league and advanced to the Copa del Rey final, where Real lost to Atlético after extra time. However, lacking a major trophy encouraged Mourinho to depart for his former club Chelsea.


title: Florentino Pérez

text: On 2 June 2013, Pérez was awarded a fourth term as the Real Madrid president, bringing in Carlo Ancelotti to replace Mourinho. Mesut Özil and Gonzalo Higuaín were sold to Arsenal and Napoli, respectively, at the start of the season to secure spots for Luka Modrić and Karim Benzema in the first team. Pérez also brought in Welsh footballer and PFA Player of the Year Gareth Bale, purchased from Tottenham Hotspur for a fee reported to be in the £86 million range, yet again breaking the world record. Two promising Spanish talents, playmaker Isco and holding midfielder Asier Illarramendi, were also secured by Pérez prior to the start of the season. The following season proved to be a resounding success, as Real Madrid won the Copa del Rey and its tenth Champions League title.


title: Florentino Pérez

text: During the 2014 summer transfer window, Pérez brought in 2014 FIFA World Cup stars James Rodríguez, Toni Kroos, and Keylor Navas to Real Madrid for a combined cost of £95 million, as well as Javier Hernández on a loan deal from Manchester United. As a result of the mounting competition for starting spots and wage disputes, Di María left the club for Manchester United for a British record transfer fee of £60 million. Xabi Alonso also left during this transfer window to join Bayern Munich. In January 2015, Pérez demonstrated his success in the transfer market when Real Madrid signed the 16-year-old Norwegian Martin Ødegaard in competition with many of the big clubs in Europe, including Bayern, Barcelona and Arsenal.


title: Florentino Pérez

text: Later on, Real Madrid, coached by former player Frenchman Zinedine Zidane, proceeded to win three consecutive Champions League titles in 2015–16, 2016–17 and 2017–18, a feat not achieved since Bayern Munich had won their third consecutive title in 1975–76. In 2019, he revealed the plans to renovate the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium.


title: Florentino Pérez

text: In the 2021–22 season, Real Madrid won their sixth La Liga and sixth Champions League title under Pérez, meaning he managed to equal the record of Santiago Bernabéu for the latter.


title: Florentino Pérez

text: In April 2021, Pérez was named the first chairman of the Super League, a breakaway league involving some of Europe's largest football clubs. According to "The New York Times", Pérez "had been the driving force behind much of it; it was, to some extent, his brainchild." Spearheaded by Pérez and Andrea Agnelli of Juventus, the Super League was in the works for three years; however, the final phases were rushed, and allegiance among the twelve clubs, instead of the fifteen as originally planned, seemed to have been forged under pressure. The announcement was unexpectedly poorly planned, devoid of real content, and the coalition, liable to break under pressure, came apart quickly. Pérez expressed hope that the new competition would "provide higher-quality matches and additional financial resources for the overall football pyramid", provide "significantly greater economic growth and support for European football via a long-term commitment to uncapped solidarity payments which will grow in line with league revenues", appeal to a new younger generation of football fans, and improve VAR and refereeing.


title: Florentino Pérez

text: The 18 April announcement of the European Super League (ESL) received almost universal opposition from fans, players, managers, politicians, and other clubs as well as UEFA, FIFA, and national governments. Much of the criticism against the ESL was due to concerns about elitism and the lack of competitiveness within the competition, as it would have consisted of only high-ranking teams from a few European countries. Backlash against the announcement of the league's formation led to nine of the clubs involved, including all six of the English clubs, announcing their intention to withdraw. The remaining members of the ESL subsequently announced they would "reconsider the most appropriate steps to reshape the project" following the departure of the other clubs. Three days after its founding, the ESL announced that it was suspending its operations.


title: Florentino Pérez

text: Commentators argued that the ESL could render domestic competitions as irrelevant and lower tier compared to the Super League, and it would destroy the ideas behind promotion and relegation systems; Pérez later countered this with claims that the ESL would have a system of promotion and relegation. Pérez alleged that Bayern Munich, Borussia Dortmund, and Paris Saint-Germain, which were reportedly sought out by the ESL and gave them between 14 and 30 days to join but who rejected involvement in the competition and publicly condemned the concept, had not been invited. Pérez cited the European basketball EuroLeague as an inspiration and stated that the EuroLeague saved European basketball, and the Super League would do the same for football.


title: Florentino Pérez

text: After the backlash and withdrawals, Pérez stated that none of the founding clubs had officially left the association, as they were tied to binding contracts, and vowed to work with the governing bodies to make some form of the Super League work. Whilst blaming the English clubs of losing their nerve in face of opposition and the footballing authorities for acting unjustifiably aggressively, Pérez insisted that the Super League project was merely on standby and not over. In response to UEFA's sanctions and possible Real Madrid's exclusion from UEFA competitions, among the other clubs involved, Pérez said that this would be "impossible" and that the law protects them.


title: Florentino Pérez

text: On 31 May, the Super League filed a complaint to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) against UEFA and FIFA for their proposals to stop the organization of the competition. On June 7, the Swiss Federal Department of Justice and Police notified the Spanish precautionary measure, which had earlier issued an injunction against UEFA and FIFA, and referred a "cuestión preliminar" (English: preliminary question) to the CJEU on whether UEFA and FIFA have violated articles 101 and 102 of the TFEU, to both governing bodies, ruling them to not execute sanctions against clubs still active in the project, including Real Madrid. On 15 June, it was officially confirmed Real Madrid, Barcelona, and Juventus were admitted to the 2021–22 UEFA Champions League.


title: Florentino Pérez

text: In July 2021, "El Confidencial" published audios of Pérez recorded by from 2006 and 2012, in which he insulted many Real Madrid players such as Raúl, Iker Casillas, Luís Figo, Guti, Cristiano Ronaldo, Mesut Özil and others. However, Real Madrid had issued a statement claiming that the leaks came at a time when Pérez was involved in promoting the Super League.


title: Florentino Pérez

text: Pérez married María de los Ángeles Sandoval Montero in 1970, with whom he had Eduardo, Florentino and María Ángeles. His wife died on 23 May 2012, aged 62, due to a heart attack.


title: Florentino Pérez

text: During the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain, Pérez tested positive on 2 February 2021, but had no symptoms.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela () or simply known as Ram-Leela, is a 2013 Indian Hindi-language tragic romantic action film written and directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali, who also composed its original soundtrack. The film was jointly produced by Bhansali and Eros International's Kishore Lulla; it stars Deepika Padukone and Ranveer Singh. The supporting cast includes Supriya Pathak, Richa Chadda, Sharad Kelkar, Gulshan Devaiah, Barkha Bisht Sengupta, and Abhimanyu Singh. Priyanka Chopra made a cameo appearance in the song "Ram Chahe Leela". Based on the tragedy "Romeo and Juliet" by William Shakespeare, "Ram-Leela" narrates the star-crossed romance between the two eponymous lovers, who belong to warring factions but fall in love with each other.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: Bhansali conceived "Ram-Leela" while working on his directional debut ""; an insufficient budget led to the project being postponed. After reviving the project in 2012, Padukone and Singh were cast in the lead roles over many other choices. Principal photography began in Gujarat before moving to Rajasthan. Much of the filming was done on sets, despite previous plans against doing so. The background score was composed by Monty Sharma, while the lyrics were written by Siddharth–Garima.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: The film's release, scheduled on 15 November 2013, was stayed by Delhi High Court. The film initially titled "Ram-Leela" was changed to "Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela" in response to an order by the court, allowing it to release on the scheduled date. It received positive reviews, with praise directed to the performances of the cast members, particularly Padukone and Singh. Criticism was focused on its plot and elements of violence. "Ram-Leela" earned 220.58 crore in its theatrical run and emerged as the fifth highest-grossing Indian film of the year.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: "Ram-Leela" received eight nominations at the Filmfare Awards, winning three including Filmfare Award for Best Actress for Padukone and Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress for Pathak. At the International Indian Film Academy Awards, it received nine nominations, including for Best Film, and won two.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: In the fictional Gujarati village Ranjhaar, infamous for its uninhibited manufacture and sale of arms and ammunition, two clans—Rajadi and Sanera—have been at odds with each other for the past 500 years. A violent altercation between the two occurs after Bhavani, a Sanera, fires at the son of Meghji Bhai, a Rajadi chieftain. Bhavani is almost killed by Meghji Bhai, but Ram, Meghji Bhai's younger brother, intervenes and saves Bhavani. All the Rajadi elders are irked by Ram being a vagabond who deals in stolen cars, with his mindset of making a truce with the other clan.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: During the festival of Holi, Ram boldly enters the house of the Sanera heads and flirts with Leela. Meanwhile, her mother, Dhankor Baa, the chieftain of the Saneras, is busy arranging a match for her daughter with a simple-minded NRI. Leela's elder brother, Kanji Bhai, is angered by Ram's entry into the house and bribes the local police to raid Ram's house. Ram, however, manages to convince the policemen to leave in exchange for a set of his blue films. Ram and Leela develop a romance and plan to elope, but a grim turn of events follows when Kanji accidentally kills Meghji, Ram's brother, and is, in turn, killed by Ram.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: To escape the suffering, Ram and Leela elope and marry, but just as they are about to consummate their marriage, Ram's friends trace them and betray him by inebriating him and informing Leela's family of their location. The next morning, Leela is forcibly taken back home by Bhavani, her cousin, while Ram is hailed as a hero by the Rajadis for soiling Leela's reputation. He is rewarded by being made the new chieftain of the Rajadis.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: Meanwhile, Dhankor Baa arranges the engagement of Leela and the NRI, much to the chagrin of the pair. Leela refuses, citing that her finger is already occupied by the ring from her marriage to Ram. In her anger, Dhankor Baa chops off Leela's finger. Upon learning of this, Ram does the same to his own finger and visits Leela while she is asleep. Leela still retains faith in Ram and sends Rasila, the widow of Kanji, to give Ram an ultimatum to take her away. Rasila is assaulted by Ram's friends, and when Dhankor Baa learns of this, she sends Bhavani and other men to assault Kesar, Meghji's widow, who manages to evade them.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: In response to the attempt on Kesar, Ram storms into Leela's house and incapacitates the guards single-handedly. He then requests Dhankor Baa to consider negotiation for peace, and she invites him to celebrate Navratri with the Saneras, with the intention of having him killed. However, at the event, Bhavani secretly shoots and seriously injures Dhankor Baa to place the blame on the Rajadi. Leela is made the chieftain of the Saneras and gets busy tending to her mother. She bitterly carries out a negotiation with Ram, equally dividing the travel routes and trades, with the condition that the Saneras and Rajadis will not interact with each other ever again.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: Bhavani, who does not tolerate this development, deceives Leela into blindly signing a document that orders unrestrained killings of the Rajadis. During Dusshera, as the Ramlila parade is ending, many of the Rajadis are killed, and the village is on the brink of war, which Ram senses. Ram and Leela decide that they are each other's soulmates and shoot one another dead, all the while oblivious to the fact that Dhankor Baa has undergone a change of heart and has killed Bhavani, ordering that peace be made with the other clan. The two clans come together to cremate the bodies of the lovers.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: Bhansali conceived "Ram-Leela" while directing "". The latter was critically acclaimed but commercially unsuccessful, leaving Bhansali with no money to fund "Ram-Leela". He next directed "Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam" instead, which was also set in Gujarat like Ram-Leela. Feeling that directing two films set in the same place would be repetitive, Bhansali waited. He intended the film to be a tribute to Gujarat, saying, "I am Gujarati at heart. I love Gujarat's music, culture and food and I want to take all this back to the people." The film was dedicated to Bhansali's mother Leela. According to him, "Ram-Leela" was his "most violent film" at that point, while the filmmaking style was similar to his previous directional ventures "Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam" and "Devdas".


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: Bhansali called it a "desi adaptation" of William Shakespeare's tragedy "Romeo and Juliet". He clarified that "Ram-Leela" is not related to Rama


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: or Krishna and that the character Ram does not depict the Hindu god. Speaking about the influence of his childhood environment on the film, Bhansali said that his family members used to speak "the most outrageously uninhibited things as though they were the most natural". He felt that the language heard by him were idioms for the current generation, who speak directly. Bhansali found it "very liberating to explore the union of body and mind in a love-relationship" and felt that it wasn't enough "to show a boy and a girl looking at one another when they fall in love". The lovers don't have sex together in the film as Bhansali felt the importance of showing the lovers "united completely in death".


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: Terming "Romeo and Juliet" as "the mother of all love stories", Bhansali wanted to make a different story with it, one that was not yet explored in cinematic adaptations. While changing many aspects of the film, Bhansali kept the theme of "misunderstanding between star-crossed lovers", while transposing them to another level. The idea of a feud between two families that destroys everything really appealed to him. According to Bhansali, "the whole execution of Shakespeare is more flirtatious and voluptuous" and he felt his film was the best interpretation of Romeo and Juliet. When asked about the extensive violence and guns in the film, he said that violence is "an integral part" of Romeo and Juliet, also stating how important it was for a filmmaker "to get out of his comfort zone".


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: The screenplay was written by writing duo Siddharth-Garima. Producer Sandip Ssingh offered the duo three films; they chose "Ram-Leela" over the other two. They were impressed by its outline and felt that it was similar to Australian writer Baz Luhrmann's films. In addition to writing, they collaborated with Bhansali for the costumes, recces, shoot days, editing, subtitling, and post production. After writing the initial screenplay draft, Siddarth-Garima were sent to Gujarat for researching dialect, slang and accent.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: Rhyming couplets from "Romeo and Juliet" were translated into Hindi and used in the film, with more emphasis on innuendo and humor as they felt that the elements were "overshadowed" by tragedy in the original play.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: Pakistani actor Imran Abbas was the first choice for Ram, he rejected the role due to "contractual obligations". Kareena Kapoor and Ranveer Singh were cast in the lead roles in the film. Singh later confirmed the news and conveyed his excitement on working with Kapoor. Bhansali was impressed with Singh's performance in "Band Baaja Baaraat" and cast him for the film. However, Kapoor walked out of the film 10 days before the shoot began and instead did Dharma Productions's romantic comedy "Gori Tere Pyaar Mein". With already-complete sets and an approaching filming schedule, Bhansali approached Priyanka Chopra who agreed to do the film. Chopra was officially cast for Leela in July 2012 and was to start filming in August. However, before the filming started Bhansali brought Deepika Padukone in the film. After this unpleasant experience with Bhansali, Chopra stopped talking to Bhansali, as confirmed by the CEO of Bhansali Productions. In August 2012, Padukone had publicly expressed her desire to be a part of the film. After wrapping the filming of his previous film "Lootera", Singh confirmed that he was signed on for the film in August 2012.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: In an interview Bhansali revealed that he met Padukone with the script while she was ill; impressed with her beauty and watery eyes, he cast her. Richa Chadda was reportedly signed on to play a significant role, cast by Shruti Mahajan and Parag Mehta. Although she initially denied the claim, Chadda later agreed to play the role; she was not given the entire script until a month of filming.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: For Chadda's role, Bhansali wanted someone "with a dusky complexion and Indian features", hence she was selected. Bhansali ordered Chadda to watch "Mirch Masala" to prepare for her look, which was inspired by Smita Patil. Chadda also attempted to mimic Patil's acting. Barkha Bisht Sengupta, a television actress, plays a supporting role. Sengupta was asked by Bhansali to forget acting for her role. Gulshan Devaiah was reported to play the role of the antagonist Bhavani. Devaiah said that his character was from the Jadeja clan and has "enough shades of grey" and was "nothing" like he had done in his career at that point. Devaiah felt that other than the basic frame, "Ram-Leela" wasn't similar to Romeo and Juliet.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: Singh, who plays a Gujarati boy, had to learn some Gujarati abuses as well as gain muscle for his character in the film. Singh enrolled for a 12-week transformation programme with Stevens, going on a strict protein diet which involved eating every 2 hours. He managed to get the required look in 6 weeks. He was put on a diet of fish, broccoli, turkey and green tea and was prevented from eating roti, rice or sweets. Singh said, "I had to work out one hour in the morning and one hour in the evening. I would work out at 5 in the morning, start shooting from 9, shoot for the entire day till 6 pm and then return to workout for an hour again." He felt that the fact he didn't consume alcohol more than once or twice a year helped him to achieve the result before the required date.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: Padukone was shown wearing a 30 kg ghagra with a 50-metre 'ghera' in the first look of "Ram-Leela". Padukone felt that the film was "tough" for her, stating that it was "mentally, physically, and emotionally demanding" for her. She attributes Bhansali's perfectionist outlook as the reason, while admitting she became emotional on the set. For the song Nagada Song Dhol, Padukone had to learn Garba. According to her, the Garba performed in the film was a folk one, rather than the commercial ones often played. Bhansali ordered Padukone and Singh to spend time together to develop their romantic chemistry. Padukone spent more than 12 hours a day for the workshop, which involved partying, watch films and attending premieres together with Singh. Since the two weren't familiar with each other, Bhansali wanted them to socialise.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: There were rumours that Madhuri Dixit would be performing an item number for the film. Other actresses were also speculated to be signed for the song including Aishwarya Rai and Priyanka Chopra. Chopra was eventually reported to be performing the song. She confirmed the news, saying that she "loved the song from the time [she] first heard it" and she "was challenged to push [her] boundaries." Chopra had to wear full sleeves to hide her muscles acquired for playing the titular character in "Mary Kom". The actress also had to workout to lose some of her muscles.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: Wasiq Khan was the production designer for "Ram-Leela". Khan finished working on "Rowdy Rathore", a film produced by Bhansali, when he was called for "Ram-Leela". According to Khan, Bhansali sometimes took 3 to 5 hours for one shot to achieve "perfection". Since Bhansali wanted to focus on Gujarat's architecture and royal havelis, the film was to be "grand and larger than life". He said that the challenge was to make the film both a romance and action film as the film would have a "rustic feel and texture" depicting action scenes, with many people fighting. Khan found it hard to maintain his realistic designs with Bhansali's "grand sets, big shots, and beautiful costumes". "Ram-Leela"s design and narrative were influenced by the "craft traditions and folk culture" of houses in the Kutch region of Gujarat.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: Khan found the experience of creating sets for "Ram-Leela" "different" from his previous films. Bhansali and Khan spent about 2–3 months observing locations and discussed references and drawings. According to Khan, despite the decision to shoot half of the film on the sets and the other half in real locations, 90 percent of the film ended up shot on sets due to difficulties to shoot action sequences in real locations. Some of the sets were created in Reliance and Film City. Interior sets were created at Reliance while an exterior set used to show the mohallas, streets and markets was set in Film City. Khan and Bhansali travelled through villages in Gujarat and got references from the lifestyle, costumes and markets, which were used for putting together the sets. The set of the porn film parlour operated by Ram in the film has "neon-lit cut-outs and lurid poster art". The storage area of weapons are made so that the guns poke out of "straw baskets and from inside shimmering back-lit glass cases". The chamber in which Leela and Ram exchange messages has paintings of Raja Ravi Varma hung with "diaphanous curtains". The walls are rough hued and lined with glasswork patches.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: The film's costumes were designed by Anju Modi and Maxima Basu Modi designed Padukone's clothes while Basu designed costumes for the rest of the cast. Designer Sabyasachi Mukherjee, who previously worked with Bhansali on "Black", was hired initially for the costumes of the leading lady, but was later replaced by Anju Modi. Bhansali asked Basu to create a trial look; impressed with it, he chose the design for Singh's character Ram. Ram's look was inspired by Rabari tribesmen. Ram was a character who was "exposed to the world" yet resides in a village in Kutch, making his clothes have duality. According to Basu, "for every ripped jeans or boots he sports, you also see him flaunting a kediyu and kohl-rimmed eyes." The jeans worn by Singh in "Tattad Tattad" were personally worked on by Basu; she ripped the jeans and added the embellishments herself.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: Modi journeyed to the Bhoj region of Kutch and bought pieces of antique textiles from the villagers; she had to "mix and match" it with new fabric to create singular outfits.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: This was done to make Padukone's outfit "as authentic as possible". Speaking about using the antique textiles, she said, "I wanted to use those old, antique fabrics because it's impossible to replicate the authenticity of those colors, the brocades and those beautiful, fine embroideries that were done by hand." The fabric from which the costume worn by Padukone in the song "Ishqyaun Dhishqyaun" was over 100 years old. Jewellery was taken from Amrapali Jewels, who lend their antique archives for shooting; these were not for sale. The dialogues of the film were written by Sr. Manager Sawan Vyas


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: After Modi was finalised as the costume designer, she was sent the script for studying the character of Leela. According to Modi, Leela's costumes changed as the film progressed: "the attire becomes more mature and darker and she’s shown in closed neck, long blouses." For the song 'Lahu Munh Lag Gaya', antique Kutch fabric was woven in the skirt worn by Padukone that showed through.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: For the promotional poster, Modi created a 30 kilo lehenga. Modi also designed Chopra's costume, speaking of the difference with Padukone's costume, she said, "Priyanka’s character is that of a mujrewali or courtesan... since the characteristics of a mujrewali are understood – they are sexy, desirable – the outfit I made for Priyanka was very fitted to the body but still had to look Gujarati."


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: Initially shot in Gujarat, some sequences of "Ram-Leela" were shot in Udaipur, particularly at Udaipur palace and Gangaur Ghat where a song sequence was shot. The story of the film is set in Gujarat. In Udaipur, Singh shot a song sequence in freezing cold water for about 45 minutes. Padukone was injured on set; however she had to continue shooting as an expensive set was put up at Film City for the song "Nagada Sang Dhol." Sanjay Leela Bhansali had set up a gym on the sets in Filmcity Mumbai for the lead actor Ranveer Singh to not be late for the shooting and to avoid any delays for the movie. The budget of the film has been estimated to be between and .


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: For the song 'Tattad Tattad', Singh had 30 trials for his costume, after which Bhansali suggested that he shoot shirtless. The classic balcony and conflict scenes were among those that were recreated from Romeo and Juliet. For a few boat sequences in the film, shooting took place at Lake Pichola. While shooting the song Ram Chahe Leela with Chopra, she rehearsed the Indian choreography within four days and completed her shoot. Singh shot "Ram-Leela" simultaneously with "Gunday"; due to an injury from shooting "Gunday", Bhansali had to postpone the shoot of some scenes.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: In February 2013, the cinematographer Ravi Varman injured himself on set and suffered a fracture on his hand, leading to shooting being postponed till April. When asked about why "Ram-Leela" was planned to be shot almost entirely in real locations and not sets, Bhansali said, "street rowdyism and gulli-mein-hungama, the desert and the lake" were elements present in the film. He contrasted the planned shooting with that of his previous venture "Saawariya", which was entirely shot on sets constructed in a studio. Labelling outdoor shooting as "a big challenge" he added that shooting with different kinds of architecture was "interesting". He felt that putting the lead pair in a real space was "liberating" and that he reacted to spaces "very differently", while noting that parts of "Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam" and "Guzaarish" were shot on real locations. Despite the intent to shoot the film in real locations, most of the film was shot on sets due to difficulties.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: The soundtrack album is composed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali, which is his second film after "Guzaarish" (2010), and lyrics were written by Siddharth–Garima. Monty Sharma composed the background score. The album features eleven songs, except one track "Mor Bani Thanghat Kare" is a 1944 Gujarati song translated by Jhaverchand Meghani and composed by Hemu Gadhavi. The remaining tracks were composed by Bhansali himself. The soundtrack album was released on 2 October 2013 after a delay due to Ranveer Singh's health issues.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: "Daily News and Analysis" gave the album four stars out of five and called it "a feast for music lovers" and writes, "Bhansali adds grandeur to the album with his compositions but at the same time gives enough space to the singers to shine." Yashika Mathur of "Business Standard" stated, "The strong point of the "Ram-Leela" album is the soft romantic songs. Bhansali has put his best 'musical' foot forward." Joginder Tuteja of "Rediff.com" stated, "With just about everything working for the music of Ram Leela, what with classical, folk, fusion as well as contemporary sound finding their place under the sun, Bhansali makes sure that the soundtrack stands out from the clutter of some below average music of some notable biggies that have been making the rounds."


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: The first teaser of the poster, featuring the lead actors standing on a cluster guns, was released in January 2013. The release date was revealed by Padukone on her Twitter account. On 16 September 2013, an official poster was released; the trailer launch took place on the same day. At the launch, a special rangoli poster of the film was created. Divya Goya of Indian Express writes, "The film promises to be high on drama and violence as this time 'Love is at War'." It also attracted praise from actor Amitabh Bachchan.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: Some religious groups opposed the movie claiming that the former title "Ramleela" was misleading because the movie had nothing to do with Ramlila, traditional enactment of the life and story of Hindu deity, Lord Rama. A local court in Mumbai has issued an "ex-parte ad-interim stay" over the use of term "Ramleela" in the movie title. A Delhi court, on 12 November, stayed the release of the movie as per suit filed by six petitioners, including Prabhu Samaj Dharmik Ram Leela Committee, saying the movie hurt the religious sentiments of Hindus. The film's title was changed to "Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela", leading to the court lifting the stay order and the film releasing on the fixed date.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: "Ram-Leela" released on 14 November 2013. The film got widest release 2000+ screens in domestic market and 550 screens in overseas and worldwide with around 2550 screens. Kshatriya community opposed usage of community names in the movie, so "Jadeja" and "Rabari" community titles were changed to "Saneda" and "Rajadi". On 21 November 2013, Lucknow bench of Allahabad High Court banned the movie in Uttar Pradesh. "Ram-Leela" had its television premiere on Set Max.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: "Ram-Leela" received positive critical reviews. Taran Adarsh from "Bollywood Hungama" gave four and a half stars out of five, writing, ""Goliyon Ki Raasleela" ought to be watched for multiple reasons: the electrifying chemistry between its lead actors, the strong dramatic content, the scintillating musical score, the violent streak in the narrative and of course, Sanjay Leela Bhansali's execution of the material." Meena Iyer of "The Times of India" gave the movie 4 out of 5 stars, stating that the film has "nice doses of raunch and ras" and praised the performances of the cast and "precision" of certain scenes, while noting that the build up of romance could have been better. Writing for "Firstpost", Mihir Fadnavis said, "The direction, outstanding production design, gorgeous cinematography are supported by a surprisingly strong cast, and Padukone is a wild-eyed anchor in a sea of formula. Three years ago you'd never have expected her to improve so drastically and command the kind of energy she does now."


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: Shubha Shetty-Saha of "Mid-Day" gave four stars out of five and labelled the film "a must watch", praising the performances of Pathak, Padukone, Singh, Kelkar, Chaddha and Bisht but felt that Devaviah's talent "seems wasted". Writing for "RogerEbert.com", Danny Bowes gave the film 3 out of 4 stars and praised Padukone's performance, writing, "It is Padukone, as is increasingly the case, who steals the show with pure, deliberate, ferocious star power. The striking thing about her performance as Leela is how tightly coiled and tense it seems; she's ready at a moment's notice to kiss or kill (or both), never passive, never merely a photographic subject." Rajeev Masand of "CNN-IBN" gave the film three and a half stars out of five and appreciated the chemistry between the lead pair, writing "Deepika and Ranveer scorch up the screen in their romantic scenes, their intense passion a bold change from Bollywood's mostly tame embraces", and called the film "far more engaging than the lazy blockbusters we've seen lately."


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: David Chute of "Variety" praised the dance numbers, writing, "The most effective sequences the two stars have together are the large-scale dance numbers, which are beautifully and imaginatively staged."


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: Sarita Tanwar of "DNA" gave the movie 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "Ram Leela is a lovely mixture of the familiar and the fresh. The technical aspects of the film are extraordinary: breath-taking sets, spellbinding cinematography, perfect music and a wonderful supporting cast. Deepika is perfect in every scene. Ranveer has surrendered to the director's vision and delivers a power-packed performance."


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: Gayatri Shankar of "Zee News" called the film "first-rate" and praised the visuals and performances of Singh and Padukone, labelling it "one of the finest performances of their careers."


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: However, she found certain portions "a little hard to believe". Anupama Chopra of "Hindustan Times" gave the movie 3 out of 5 stars and writes: "Deepika has stolen the show from her heroes, but this one, I think, belongs to Ranveer. He’s flamboyant and cheerfully vulgar but also vulnerable and broken."


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: Shubhra Gupta of "The Indian Express" gave the movie 2.5 out of 5 stars, concluding "'Ram-Leela' creates a couple that ignites the screen, and most of the time when these two are on screen, you keep watching. It's when the guns come on, and the gun-masters start roaring and shouting, that the love-story drowns, and everything gets both too noisy and too choreographed." Writing for "NDTV", Saibal Chatterjee gave the film two stars out of five and calls the film "all body and no soul." Raja Sen gave one star out of five and called the film "an overplotted, bloody mess", criticising the dialogues as "very poor... awful rhymes alternated with soap-operatic exposition". He criticised Singh's performance, while calling Padukone "something worth staring at".


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: "Ram-Leela" collected 1.52 billion in India and 491 million, for a total worldwide gross of 2.01 billion. As of February 2018, the film is the fifth highest grossing Indian film of 2015 in India, the sixth highest grossing Indian film of 2015 overseas, and the fifth highest grossing Indian film of 2015 worldwide.


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: "Ram-Leela" had a strong first day with collections of over despite limited release due to controversies. The film grossed on Saturday and on Sunday to take its first weekend domestic total to , the third highest weekend of the year. The film's gross dropped on Monday to . The first week collections were about . The film remained steady in its second weekend with collections of , taking the ten-day gross to . "Ram–Leela" grossed around in two weeks. The second week collections were around . The film earned and in its third week and fourth week respectively, taking its total to and was commercially successful. The film ended with lifetime collections of .


title: Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela

text: The movie collected US$450,000 (approximately 28.3 million) in North America on Friday, vis-à-vis US$311,000 (approximately 19.5 million) earned by "Krrish 3". It also earned A$66,365 (approximately 3.91 million) in Australia in two days, beating A$58,283 (approximately 3.435 million) collected by the latter. In UAE-GCC, the movie opened with AED 1.3 million (approximately 22.2 million). It also collected £87,000 (approximately 8.826 million) in the UK on Friday, debuting at #9 in the chart and two days' collection in New Zealand stands at NZ$12,869 (673,000). The film's overseas figures were around the $4 million mark in the first weekend. The collections abroad are $7.25 million in seventeen days. "Ram-Leela" collected US$7.6 million overseas after its fourth weekend.


title: Human body weight

text: Strictly speaking, body weight is the measurement of weight without items located on the person. Practically though, body weight may be measured with clothes on, but without shoes or heavy accessories such as mobile phones and wallets, and using manual or digital weighing scales. Excess or reduced body weight is regarded as an indicator of determining a person's health, with body volume measurement providing an extra dimension by calculating the distribution of body weight.


title: Human body weight

text: Average adult human weight varies by continent, from about in Asia and Africa to about in North America, with men on average weighing more than women.


title: Human body weight

text: There are a number of methods to estimate weight in children for circumstances (such as emergencies) when actual weight cannot be measured. Most involve a parent or health care provider guessing the child's weight through weight-estimation formulas. These formulas base their findings on the child's age and tape-based systems of weight estimation. Of the many formulas that have been used for estimating body weight, some include the Advanced Pediatric Life Support formula, the Leffler formula, and Theron formula. There are also several types of tape-based systems for estimating children's weight, with the most well-known being the Broselow tape. The Broselow tape is based on length with weight read from the appropriate color area. Newer systems, such as the PAWPER tape, make use of a simple two-step process to estimate weight: the length-based weight estimation is modified according to the child's body habitus to increase the accuracy of the final weight prediction.


title: Human body weight

text: where "m" is the number of kilograms the child weighs and "a" and "a" respectively are the number of months or years old the child is.


title: Human body weight

text: Body weight varies throughout the day, as the amount of water in the body is not constant. It changes frequently due to activities such as drinking, urinating, or exercise. Professional sports participants may deliberately dehydrate themselves to enter a lower weight class, a practice known as weight cutting.


title: Human body weight

text: Ideal body weight (IBW) was initially introduced by Ben J. Devine in 1974 to allow estimation of drug clearances in obese patients; researchers have since shown that the metabolism of certain drugs relates more to IBW than total body weight. The term was based on the use of insurance data that demonstrated the relative mortality for males and females according to different height-weight combinations.


title: Human body weight

text: The most common estimation of IBW is by the Devine formula; other models exist and have been noted to give similar results. Other methods used in estimating the ideal body weight are body mass index and the Hamwi method. The IBW is not the perfect fat measurement, as it does not show the fat or muscle percentage in one's body. For example, athletes' results may show that they are overweight when they are actually very fit and healthy. Machines like the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry can accurately measure the percentage and weight of fat, muscle, and bone in a body.


title: Human body weight

text: Participants in sports such as boxing, mixed martial arts, wrestling, rowing, judo, sambo, Olympic weightlifting, and powerlifting are classified according to their body weight, measured in units of mass such as pounds or kilograms. See, e.g., wrestling weight classes, boxing weight classes, judo at the 2004 Summer Olympics, and boxing at the 2004 Summer Olympics.


title: Human body weight

text: Ideal body weight, specifically the Devine formula, is used clinically for multiple reasons, most commonly in estimating renal function in drug dosing, and predicting pharmacokinetics in morbidly obese patients.


title: Human body weight

text: Researchers at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine published a study of average weights of adult humans in the journal "BMC Public Health" and at the United Nations conference Rio+20.


title: David Ellison

text: David Ellison (born January 9, 1983) is an American film producer and actor best known as the founder and CEO of Skydance Media.


title: David Ellison

text: David Ellison was born in Santa Clara County, California. He is the son of billionaire Oracle Corporation co-founder and chairman Larry Ellison, and his ex-wife, Barbara Boothe Ellison. His father is of Italian and Jewish heritage. David attended the University of Southern California. He has one sister, film producer Megan Ellison, who founded Annapurna Pictures.


title: David Ellison

text: Ellison is the CEO and founder of Skydance Media. In 2010, with his father then the sixth richest person in the world, and a partnership deal with Paramount, Skydance was able to raise $350 million in equity and credit to co-finance and co-produce movies. The company's films include ", Annihilation, World War Z, True Grit, Jack Reacher, Star Trek Into Darkness, Star Trek Beyond" and many more. With the 2010 transaction, Ellison was named to "Variety"s Dealmaker list for 2010 and the Forbes 30 Under 30 list in 2011.


title: David Ellison

text: As an actor, Ellison has performed in the films "Flyboys", "Little Fish, Strange Pond" and "Hole in One".


title: David Ellison

text: Ellison's company Skydance Media expanded in 2013 with the launch of its television division. He has executive produced shows such as "Altered Carbon", and "Grace and Frankie".


title: David Ellison

text: In 2017, Ellison helped launch Skydance Animation in partnership with Spain's Ilion Animation Studios.


title: David Ellison

text: Ellison is a licensed pilot with instrument ratings for helicopter aviation, aerobatics, commercial aviation, fixed-wing aircraft, and multi-engine aircraft. In 2003, aged 20, he was selected to perform as part of Sean D. Tucker's "Stars of Tomorrow" aerobatic team at EAA AirVenture Oshkosh.


title: Mikheil Saakashvili

text: Mikheil Saakashvili ( ; ; born 21 December 1967) is a Georgian and Ukrainian politician and jurist. He was the third president of Georgia for two consecutive terms from 25 January 2004 to 17 November 2013. From May 2015 until November 2016, Saakashvili was the governor of Ukraine's Odesa Oblast. He is the founder and former chairman of the United National Movement party. Saakashvili heads the executive committee of Ukraine's National Reform Council since 7 May 2020. He is currently serving a prison sentence in Georgia for abuse of power and organization of a grievous bodily injury.


title: Mikheil Saakashvili

text: Involved in Georgian politics since 1995 as a member of the Union of Citizens party, Saakashvili served as member of parliament and minister of justice until falling out with then president Eduard Shevardnadze. Afterwards, Saakashvili led the November 2003 bloodless "Rose Revolution", which saw Shevardnadze being overthrown and Saakashvili sworn as president in January 2004. Saakashvili pledged to implement swift reforms to align Georgia with Western liberal democracies, end a period of widespread corruption and government inefficiency, topple the organized crime and re-assert sovereignty of central government over the whole Georgian territory. Measures that he implemented included rapid privatisation, massive layoffs in the public sector to renew state bureaucracy and zero tolerance policy. Tensions rose with Abkhazia and South Ossetia, two breakaway republics which fought separatist wars against Georgia in 1990s, culminating in the Five-Day War with Russia. Under the influence of Russian-based Georgian businessman Kakha Bendukidze, Saakashvili implemented economic liberalization. Georgian economy grew by 10% on average every year during Saakashvili's first term, although critics allege that the economic growth remained largely non-inclusive and that the reforms failed to settle the problems of unemployment and one-fourth of the nation living under the poverty rate. The legacy of Saakashvili's economic reforms continues to be in dispute. Saakashvili's presidency saw rapid decline in petty corruption and crime. Incarceration rate skyrocketed during Saakashvili's tenure, while overcrowded penal system was kept under control by torture and sexual violence. Allegations of systemic torture in Georgian prison system came to light in 2012 during the Gldani prison scandal. Mass demonstrations against the government were violently dispersed in 2007 and 2011, while the largest opposition media Imedi TV was raided by the police and transformed into a pro-government channel.


title: Mikheil Saakashvili

text: The 2012 Georgian parliamentary elections were marred with widespread fears that Saakashvili would not respect the election results and violence would erupt. However, Saakashvili admitted his party's defeat against the Georgian Dream coalition led by the tycoon Bidzina Ivanishvili and pledged not to obstruct the constitutional process of forming a new government, marking the first-ever peaceful transition of power in Georgia since it declared independence. He was barred by the constitution of Georgia from seeking a third term in the 2013 presidential election, which was won by the Georgian Dream's candidate Giorgi Margvelashvili. Shortly after the election, Saakashvili left Georgia. On 28 July 2014, criminal charges were filed by the Prosecutor's Office of Georgia against Saakashvili over allegedly "exceeding official powers" during the 2007 Georgian demonstrations, as well as a police raid on and "seizure" of Imedi TV and other assets owned by the late tycoon Badri Patarkatsishvili. Saakashvili continued to manage his party from abroad while accusing the Georgian government of using the legal system as a tool of political retribution.


title: Mikheil Saakashvili

text: Saakashvili supported Ukraine's Euromaidan movement and the Revolution of Dignity. On 30 May 2015, Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko appointed Saakashvili as Governor of Odesa Oblast.<ref name="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty"></ref> He was also granted Ukrainian citizenship, and due to restrictions on dual nationality under Georgian law, was stripped of his Georgian citizenship. On 7 November 2016, Saakashvili resigned as governor while blaming President Poroshenko personally for enabling corruption in Odesa and in Ukraine overall. Four days later, he announced his goal to create a new political party called Movement of New Forces.


title: Mikheil Saakashvili

text: On 26 July 2017, Saakashvili (at the time staying in the US) was stripped of his Ukrainian citizenship by Petro Poroshenko, and became a stateless person. He reentered Ukraine with a group of supporters through Poland but was arrested in February 2018 and deported. Saakashvili moved to the Netherlands, where he was granted permanent residency. On 29 May 2019, he returned to Ukraine after newly elected President Volodymyr Zelensky restored his citizenship. On 1 October 2021, Saakashvili returned to Georgia after an eight-year absence, and called on his followers to march on the capital, Tbilisi. He went live on Facebook, saying that he was in Batumi but would join a convoy on the way to the capital. Initially, Saakashvili's location was unknown to government officials, with some of them even saying that Saakashvili's arrival was fake and he was actually in Ukraine. Special forces were sent to Batumi. However, later on the same day Prime Minister of Georgia Irakli Garibashvili held press briefing, where he announced that Saakashvili was arrested in Tbilisi. According to the investigation, Saakashvili entered the country secretly in the container of a sea cargo ship, in violation of the law. He was placed in the No. 12 penitentiary facility in Rustavi. President of Georgia Salome Zourabichvili stated that she will "never" pardon Saakashvili. Later Zourabichvili confirmed her first statement again, while Saakashvili announced a hunger strike that was joined by other members of his party.


title: Mikheil Saakashvili

text: On 10 October 2021, his personal doctor asked authorities to move him to hospital as he continued with his hunger strike since his arrest and his health condition had allegedly worsened. Saakashvili ended the hunger strike after reaching agreement with authorities that they would transfer him to Gori Military Hospital for medical treatment. On 12 May 2022, Saakashvili was moved to the civilian clinic, where he has been receiving treatment as of December 2022.


title: Mikheil Saakashvili

text: Saakashvili was born to a Georgian family in Tbilisi on 21 December 1967, capital of the then Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic in the Soviet Union. His father, Nikoloz Saakashvili, is a physician who practises medicine in Tbilisi and directs a local balneological centre. His mother, Giuli Alasania, is a historian who lectures at Tbilisi State University.


title: Mikheil Saakashvili

text: During university, he served his shortened military service in 1989–1990 with the Soviet Border Troops' checkpoint unit in the Boryspil Airport in Ukraine (then as Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, also a part of the Soviet Union). Saakashvili graduated from the Institute of International Relations (Department of International Law) of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (in then independent Ukraine) in 1992. At this university, he was friends with later President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko. While in Ukraine Saakashvili participated in the October 1990 student protest known as the "Revolution on Granite".