title: Overseas Chinese

text: Beijing is attracting overseas-trained academics back home, in an attempt to internationalise its universities. However, some professors educated to the PhD level in the West have reported feeling "marginalised" when they return to China due in large part to the country's “lack of international academic peer review and tenure track mechanisms”.


title: Overseas Chinese

text: The usage of Chinese by the overseas Chinese has been determined by a large number of factors, including their ancestry, their migrant ancestors' "regime of origin", assimilation through generational changes, and official policies of their country of residence. The general trend is that more established Chinese populations in the Western world and in many regions of Asia have Cantonese as either the dominant variety or as a common community vernacular, while Standard Chinese is much more prevalent among new arrivals, making it increasingly common in many Chinatowns.


title: Overseas Chinese

text: There are over 50 million overseas Chinese. Most of them are living in Southeast Asia where they make up a majority of the population of Singapore (75%) and significant minority populations in Malaysia (22.4%), Thailand (14%) and Brunei (10%).


title: Kyla Pratt

text: Kyla Amore Pratt (born September 16, 1986) is an American actress. She provided the voice of Penny Proud in the first animated series for Disney Channel called "The Proud Family", and Breanna Latrice Barnes in UPN's "One on One". After playing the daughter of Eddie Murphy's character in the films "Dr. Dolittle" and "Dr. Dolittle 2", Pratt became the main character in the remake series of the franchise such as "Dr. Dolittle 3", "", and "". Pratt has also been in the films "Fat Albert", "Hotel for Dogs", and "The Proud Family Movie". She also appeared in the series "Let's Stay Together". She is currently a part of VH1's "" and the cast of "Call Me Kat" on Fox and is reprising the role of Penny in "The Proud Family" revival "" on Disney+.


title: Kyla Pratt

text: Kyla Alissa Pratt is the oldest of five children of Kecia Pratt, an actress, and Johnny McCullar, a basketball player.


title: Kyla Pratt

text: Pratt gave birth to a daughter, Lyric Kirkpatrick, on November 17, 2010. She gave birth to another daughter, Liyah Kirkpatrick, on August 5, 2013. Lyric and Liyah's father is her fiancé Danny Kirkpatrick a songwriter, hip-hop rap artist and tattoo artist. Kirkpatrick is also the star of Black Ink Crew: Compton.


title: Kyla Pratt

text: Pratt began acting at age eight, appearing in commercials for an interactive computer game and Nike. In 1997, she appeared in an episode of "Walker, Texas Ranger" titled "The Neighborhood", in which she portrayed Kyla Jarvis, a ten-year-old girl who miraculously recovers after accidentally being shot in a drive-by shooting in her gang-ridden neighborhood, and reveals that she saw heaven where she met a guardian angel who gives her an important mission from God. With Walker's help, Kyla Jarvis spreads the angel message of faith and love, uniting her local community into helping clean up their neighborhood and end the gang violence plaguing it. She appeared in an episode of "Friends", followed by roles in "Smart Guy", "Sister, Sister", "Family Matters", "Lizzie McGuire", "Moesha", and "The Parkers".


title: Kyla Pratt

text: In 2001, she won the role of Breanna Barnes in the UPN series "One on One" (2001–2006). During the run of "One on One", Pratt also voiced Penny Proud, the lead character in the Disney Channel animated series "The Proud Family". She also voiced the character for "The Proud Family Movie" in 2005. In addition to television roles, Pratt has appeared in several feature films, including "Love & Basketball" (2000) and "Fat Albert" (2004). She played Maya Dolittle in "Dr. Dolittle" (1998) and "Dr. Dolittle 2" (2001), both of which starred Eddie Murphy. She reprised her role as Maya Dolittle (now the lead character) in the direct-to-DVD releases of "Dr. Dolittle 3" (2006), "" (2008), and "" (2009).


title: Kyla Pratt

text: In 2009, Kyla Pratt co-starred alongside Emma Roberts and Jake T. Austin in "Hotel for Dogs". Pratt joined the cast of BET's "Let's Stay Together" in its second season.


title: Kyla Pratt

text: In February 2014, Pratt was voted #97 on VH1's 100 Greatest Child Stars. In June 2014, she starred alongside Jessica Sula in a Freeform pilot called "Recovery Road" based on Blake Nelson's novel of the same name. The show debuted on Freeform in January 2016, but was cancelled shortly afterwards, in May 2016.


title: Kyla Pratt

text: As a member of the Disney Channel Circle of Stars, Pratt performed a cover version of "Circle of Life" that appeared on the "DisneyMania 2" album. She also sang "It's All About Me", for the series soundtrack for "The Proud Family". She sang "A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes" with the Disney Channel Stars. Kyla also sang in the 2019 Lifetime Christmas movie, "There's No Time Like Christmas."


title: 12th Man (film)

text: 12th Man is a 2022 Indian Malayalam-language mystery thriller film directed by Jeethu Joseph and produced by Antony Perumbavoor through Aashirvad Cinemas, with a screenplay by K. R. Krishna Kumar and based on a story by Sunir Khetarpal. The film stars Mohanlal, with Unni Mukundan, Saiju Kurup, Anu Sithara, Anusree, Sshivada, Chandhunath, Anu Mohan, Rahul Madhav, Aditi Ravi, Priyanka Nair and Leona Lishoy. This film is loosely based on the core idea of 2016 Italian film "Perfect Strangers".


title: 12th Man (film)

text: The original background score and a song was composed by Anil Johnson. Principal photography took place from August to October 2021 lasting 48 days and post-production went up to March 2022. The film was shot extensively at a custom-built mansion in a hillside resort in Kulamavu, Idukki district, and the remaining in Ernakulam. "12th Man" was released directly on Disney+ Hotstar on 20 May 2022.


title: 12th Man (film)

text: 11 people gathered at an isolated resort for bachelors party of their friend Siddharth. It includes Fida, Siddharth’s fiancée Aarathy, Mathew and his wife Shiny, Jithesh and his wife Dr. Nayana, Sam and his wife Merin, Zachariah and his wife Annie. Out of these, Annie, Fida, Jithesh, Mathew, Merin, Siddharth and Zachariah, were college mates. They are interrupted by a seemingly annoying person called Chandrashekhar who demands alcohol from them. They pacify and send him away.


title: 12th Man (film)

text: During dinner, An argument ensues between the friends when Fida claims that even though they are friends, there are always certain secrets kept within individuals that they won’t even share with their own spouse. To settle the argument they decide to play a game wherein each one of them are to keep their phones on the table and publicly announce the text messages they receive as well as keep their phones on speaker if they receive a call.


title: 12th Man (film)

text: This leads to many embarrassing secrets to be revealed. The main conflict happens when Siddharth gets a call from one of his friends asking him about the name of abortion pills used by him when he made one of his group members pregnant. This leads to a brawl amongst them as he is unmarried, leading everyone to believe that he must have had an affair with one of their wives. As the night progresses, Shiny is revealed to have fallen to her death on the nearby view point.


title: 12th Man (film)

text: The investigation goes on where the gang come to know that Chandrashekhar is actually an undercover DYSP, who begins to question each one of them regarding their alibis and possible motives. He then plays the same game from earlier that night. It is revealed that Siddharth was not the one having an affair but was merely covering up for Jithesh. When questioned, Jithesh claims that he was having an affair with Shiny, implying that she must have committed suicide due to the fear of being humiliated.


title: 12th Man (film)

text: The fact that Shiny was suffering from bipolar disorder, and also contributes to his claims as Shiny's consulting doctor confirms that Bipolar people do have suicidal tendencies depending on their state, but to everyones shock, Jithesh's claims are proven wrong as Dr. Nayana puts out that it is impossible that Shiny fits into the abortion story as she cannot have children. Chandrashekar finds out that an amount of has been transferred to Shiny's account prior to her death which is confirmed from the calls from one of Mathew's moneylenders.


title: 12th Man (film)

text: It is revealed that only has been transferred from Jithesh's account, meaning the rest must have been transferred from the account of the woman involved in the affair. Upon further investigation, it is revealed that Merin is the one who transferred the money and was with whom Jithesh was having an affair. Merin sought Shiny’s help as Aarathy told Siddharth to bring both Jithesh and his lover to her in order to prove his innocence.


title: 12th Man (film)

text: Shiny thus requests from both Jithesh and Merin. She then asks Annie to pretend to be Jithesh’s lover in front of Aarathy instead of Merin, blackmailing her with a video Shiny shot when Annie was having an affair with a colleague, but Annie refuses. After extensive questioning, Chandrashekar comes to a conclusion that since Sam and Merin have a joint account, Sam was confused by why such a large amount was transferred to Shiny. As he confronts Shiny regarding the same, Shiny, in a fit of rage, shouts out that it is to cover his wife’s affair. An enraged Sam unintentionally pushes her to the edge, which eventually makes her fall off the point. Thus, Chandrashekhar leaves the friends in the room as dawn breaks.


title: 12th Man (film)

text: On 5 July 2021, sharing a title poster actor Mohanlal announced "12th Man" as his consecutive and forthcoming association with director Jeethu Joseph following the release of their "Drishyam 2" earlier that year, with Antony Perumbavoor of Aashirvad Cinemas returning as producer. The announcement came amid the suspended production of "Ram", their then unfinished project, which was put on hold indefinitely due to the COVID-19 pandemic in India. The screenplay was written by K. R. Krishna Kumar. Describing the film, Jeethu told in an interview that the film tells the story of 12 people, with about 90 percent of the film is set in a single location, and that ""12th Man" is a mystery that compares to the likes of films based on Agatha Christie's books". He added that the suspense laid story happens in 24 hours and "12th Man" can be made within the restrictions of COVID-19 pandemic and would begin filming once the government lifts the pause on film productions.


title: 12th Man (film)

text: Sunir Khetarpal who produced Jeethu's "The Body" gave the basic story idea of "12th Man" to Jeethu, hence the film's story right is with Khetarpal. Jeethu and Kumar discussed the story one-and-a-half years ago (from July 2021). It took one-and-a-half years for Kumar to complete the screenplay, which he describes as a mystery thriller. Even though, they decided on making "Kooman" first. In meantime, Jeethu told the story to Mohanlal and Antony at the sets of "Drishyam 2". Jeethu received the final screenplay from Kumar during the shoot of Telugu film "Drushyam 2", who conveyed it to Mohanlal and Antony, thus the project was green-lit. "12th Man" was then planned as to begin in 2022 after the completion of Mohanlal's "Barroz: Nidhi Kaakkum Bootham" and "Ram". However, after the surge of second wave of COVID-19 in India they were compelled to postpone "Kooman" as it required multiple location shoots, which was difficult with COVID-19 restrictions in effect, hence they decided to go ahead with "12th Man" which requires only two locations.


title: 12th Man (film)

text: There are a total of 14 characters in the film. The final principal cast include Mohanlal, Unni Mukundan, Saiju Kurup, Rahul Madhav, Anu Sithara, Leona Lishoy, Anu Mohan, Anusree, Chandunadh, Aditi Ravi, Sshivada, and Priyanka Nair. Mukundan read the screenplay while he was filming for "Bro Daddy". Shine Tom Chacko, Veena Nandakumar, and Santhi Priya were part of the initial cast line but was replaced. Jeethu said that the challenge was to get everyone's dates together as everyone were already committed to other projects which were at various stages of production. Sshivada recalled in an interview that she was invited to the film by Jeethu asking that if she was interested in doing a "small OTT film" produced by Aashirvad Cinemas and starring Mohanlal.


title: 12th Man (film)

text: Principal photography began on 17 August 2021 coinciding with the Kerala New Year on the first day of the Malayalam month "Chingam". It commenced with a customary pooja ceremony in Ernakulam. Shooting then took place at GreenBerg Holiday Resorts in Kulamavu, Idukki district. Mohanlal joined the set on 15 September. The entire resort was booked for the shoot. Idukki was the primary location of the film. Filming was completed on 3 October after 48 days of shooting. Satheesh Kurup was the film's cinematographer. Shooting of the film was delayed by five days due to rain and mist. It was the first instance in Jeethu's career that filming went beyond the scheduled dates.


title: 12th Man (film)

text: Jeethu said ""12th Man" requires quite a bit of post-production work". In November 2021, Jeethu said that the post-production was going on which he expects to complete by January or February next year. Post-production was completed by late March 2022.


title: 12th Man (film)

text: The original background score and songs are composed, arranged, and produced by Anil Johnson. The title song "Find" in English was sung by Souparnika Rajagopal, "The Times of India" wrote that "the song indeed has some mysterious vibes which are very reminiscent of James Bond Theme songs".


title: 12th Man (film)

text: "12th Man" was released on Mohanlal's birthday eve on 20 May 2022 on the streaming platform Disney+ Hotstar.


title: 12th Man (film)

text: Prior to release, Jeethu promoted the film on the Mohanlal hosted TV show "Bigg Boss" (season 4). Disney+ Hotstar also conducted a game to find out the killer based on clues.


title: 12th Man (film)

text: The film received mixed to positive reviews from critics. The Times of India rated the film 4 out of 5 stars and wrote "An Entertaining, Delicious Whodunnit. 12th Man is definitely worth a watch and is sure to appeal to more than the Malayali audience."


title: 12th Man (film)

text: Critic Latha Srinivasan wrote in the Moneycontrol review that "The interrogation style, the narration and clever writing in the second half is the crux of this Jeethu Joseph-Mohanlal film and that is what makes the movie a compelling watch."


title: Blue Beetle

text: Blue Beetle is the name of three fictional superheroes who appear in a number of American comic books published by a variety of companies since 1939. The most recent of the companies to own rights to Blue Beetle is DC Comics, which bought the rights to the character in 1983, using the name for three distinct characters over the years.


title: Blue Beetle

text: The original Blue Beetle was created by Charles Nicholas Wojtkoski and Fox Comics and later owned by Charlton Comics. The first Beetle was Dan Garret (later spelled Dan Garrett), who initially gained superpowers from a special vitamin, which was later changed to gaining powers from a "sacred scarab". The original Blue Beetle was featured in not only his own comic but also a weekly radio serial.


title: Blue Beetle

text: The second Blue Beetle, created by Charlton and later taken over by DC Comics, was the successor to Dan Garrett known as Ted Kord. Kord "jumped" to the DC Comics universe during the "Crisis on Infinite Earths" alongside a number of other Charlton Comics characters. The second Blue Beetle later starred in his own 24-issue comic. Kord never had any super powers but used science to create various devices to help him fight crime. He became a member of the Justice League of America and was later killed during the prelude to DC Comics' "Infinite Crisis" cross over.


title: Blue Beetle

text: The third Blue Beetle, created by DC Comics, is Jaime Reyes, a teenager who discovers that the original Blue Beetle scarab morphs into a battle suit allowing him to fight crime and travel in space. Over the years, Reyes became a member of the Teen Titans and starred in two Blue Beetle comic series. In DC Comics' 2011 "New 52" reboot, Jaime Reyes was the primary Blue Beetle character, only occasionally referring to past versions. With the subsequent continuity revision "DC Rebirth", the previous versions were restored.


title: Blue Beetle

text: The original Blue Beetle, Dan Garret, first appeared in Fox Comics' "Mystery Men Comics" #1 (cover-dated August 1939), with art by Charles Nicholas Wojtkoski (as Charles Nicholas), though the Grand Comics Database tentatively credits Will Eisner as the scripter. A rookie police officer, he wore a special bulletproof costume and took "Vitamin 2X" which endowed him with super-energy, and he was assisted by a neighborhood pharmacist in his fight against crime. Blue Beetle starred in a comic book series, comic strip and radio serial, but like most Golden Age superheroes, he fell into obscurity in the 1950s. The comic book series saw a number of anomalies in publication: 19 issues, #12 through #30, were published through Holyoke Publishing; no issue #43 was published; publication frequency varied throughout the run; and there were gaps where issues were not published, with large ones occurring in early 1947 and between mid-1948 and early 1950.


title: Blue Beetle

text: In the mid-1950s, Fox Comics went out of business and sold the printing plates to some stories featuring the Blue Beetle to Charlton Comics. The first "Blue Beetle" series to be published by Charlton Comics took over numbering from the horror anthology series "The Thing!", beginning with issue #18 (cover dated February 1955). Issues #18-19 consisted entirely of reprinted Fox Comics stories; #20-21 included new adventures of the Golden Age character. The series was cancelled after these four issues, with numbering taken over from #22 onwards by "Mr. Muscles".


title: Blue Beetle

text: In 1964, Charlton Comics began publishing a new series of "Blue Beetle" which substantially revamped the hero, reinventing him as an university professor and altering the spelling of his name to Dan Garrett. The first issue (cover dated June 1964) was a new origin story that depicted Dan Garrett coming into possession of a mystical Egyptian scarab that granted him superpowers and beginning his career as the Blue Beetle. After five issues were published, the next issue was numbered as #50 (cover dated July 1965), taking over numbering from the anthology comic "Unusual Tales". The series ended with issue #54 (cover dated February-March 1966), its numbering taken over afterwards by the anthology comic "Ghostly Tales". Issues #1-5 and #50-53 were written by Joe Gill and issue #54 by Roy Thomas; art for all ten issues was by Bill Fraccio and Tony Tallarico.


title: Blue Beetle

text: Later in 1966, Blue Beetle was reinvented again in a set of backup stories published in "Captain Atom" #83 (cover-dated November 1966) through #86, plotted and drawn by Steve Ditko: they introduced Ted Kord, a student of Dan Garrett's, who took on the role of Blue Beetle following Garrett's apparent death. Kord was an inventor hero, using a variety of gadgets. This Beetle received his own series in 1967, also by Ditko, which ran for five issues until the entire Charlton "Action Heroes" line of comic books ceased publication in 1968. With the rest of the Charlton line-up, he was sold to DC Comics in 1983.


title: Blue Beetle

text: A new "Blue Beetle" series starring Ted Kord began publication in 1986, integrating the hero into the DC Comics shared universe. The series ran for 24 issues (cover dated from June 1986 to May 1988), all written by Len Wein. At the same time and afterwards, the character also appeared as a member of several incarnations of the Justice League.


title: Blue Beetle

text: In 2006, DC introduced a new Blue Beetle, teenager Jaime Reyes, whose powers are derived from the scarab, now revealed as a piece of advanced alien technology. The series was initially written by Keith Giffen and John Rogers, with artist Cully Hamner. Giffen left in issue #10 and Rogers took over full writing duties, joined by a new artist, Rafael Albuquerque. Rogers left the title with issue #25 in order to concentrate on his television series "Leverage". After three fill-in issues, Matt Sturges became the main writer in issue #29, but the series was cancelled with issue #36. Editor Dan DiDio put the cancellation down to poor sales and said that "Blue Beetle" was "a book that we started with very high expectations, but it lost its audience along the way". In June 2009, Blue Beetle was brought back as a "co-feature" of the more popular "Booster Gold" comic. A new "Blue Beetle" comic was launched as part of The New 52 initiative in September 2011, with Jaime Reyes' history being rebooted with a new origin and without any apparent history of Kord or Garrett as prior Blue Beetles. The new book was written by Tony Bedard and drawn by Ig Guara.


title: Blue Beetle

text: Both Blue Beetles reappeared in the third issue of "Americomics", a title published by AC Comics in 1983/1984. In the first story in this issue, Ted Kord fought a bogus Dan Garrett, but the second story was more significant. It revealed that the original 1940s Dan was reincarnated as the Silver Age version (minus his memories of his earlier existence) by some unspecified "gods", presumably the ones responsible for his mystic scarab. The gods subsequently resurrected Dan again and sent him off to save Ted Kord's life (leaving him a note saying simply, "Try not to get killed this time"). After this adventure, Kord turned the Blue Beetle name back over to Dan. "Americomics" was canceled after issue #6, and so far this story has never been referenced by any other publisher. Another Blue Beetle crossover story depiction revolving around the Blue Beetles is depicted in "Booster Gold" (vol. 2) #6 by DC Comics.


title: Blue Beetle

text: The original Golden Age Blue Beetle is Dan Garret, son of a police officer killed by a criminal. This Fox Feature Syndicate version of the character debuted in "Mystery Men Comics" #1 (August 1939), and began appearing in his own 60-issue series shortly thereafter. Fox Feature Syndicate sponsored a "Blue Beetle Day" at the 1939 New York World's Fair on August 7, 1940, beginning at 10:30 a.m. and including 300 children in relay-race finals at the Field of Special Events, following preliminaries in New York City parks. The race was broadcast over radio station WMCA.


title: Blue Beetle

text: Charlton Comics reprinted some stories in its anthology titles and in a four-issue "Blue Beetle" reprint series numbered 18–21, although there is no evidence that they obtained the rights to the character - just that they purchased the printing plates to earlier stories.


title: Blue Beetle

text: In 1964, during the Silver Age of comics, Charlton revised the character for a new Blue Beetle series. Charlton's new Blue Beetle retained the original's name (adding a second "t"), but none of his powers or origin, making him a different character. This Beetle was archaeologist Dan Garrett, who obtained a number of superhuman powers (including super strength and vision, flight, and the ability to generate energy blasts) from a mystical scarab he found during a dig in Egypt, where it had been used to imprison an evil mummified Pharaoh. He would transform into the Blue Beetle by saying the words "Kaji Dha!" This version, by writer Joe Gill and artist Tony Tallarico, was played at least initially for camp, with stories like "The Giant Mummy Who was Not Dead". The Charlton Dan Garrett version of the Blue Beetle ran only until 1966 before his replacement debuted.


title: Blue Beetle

text: The Charlton version of Dan Garrett was spotlighted in the second issue of DC's 1980s "Secret Origins" series, in which his origin was retold along with that of Ted Kord. Subsequent appearances by Dan Garrett (in flashback stories) include guest spots or cameos in "Infinity, Inc.", "Captain Atom", "JLA: Year One", and "Legends of the DC Universe".


title: Blue Beetle

text: The character briefly returned in DC Comics' first run of "Blue Beetle", resurrected by his mystical scarab to battle against his successor. He can also be seen in various flashback stories. His 1940s incarnation is briefly glimpsed in DC's 1993 limited series "The Golden Age".


title: Blue Beetle

text: In issue #0 of the "Project Superpowers" miniseries, the Fox Feature Syndicate version of the Blue Beetle appeared in flashbacks (as by now the character/spelling "Dan Garret" was in the public domain). To avoid trademark conflicts with DC Comics, he is referred to in this series by the nickname "Big Blue".


title: Blue Beetle

text: The replacement Blue Beetle created by Charlton Comics, and later published by Americomics and DC Comics, is Ted Kord, a former student of Dan Garrett, a genius-level inventor and a gifted athlete. Kord and Garrett were investigating Kord's Uncle Jarvis when they learned Jarvis was working to create an army of androids to take over Earth. Garrett changed into Blue Beetle, but was killed in battle. As he died, he passed on to Kord the responsibility of being Blue Beetle, but was unable to pass on the mystical scarab.


title: Blue Beetle

text: Ted had the scarab for some time, but never used it. He carried it during the "Crisis on Infinite Earths" when he was chosen by the Monitor to protect the multiple Earths, but it only reacted when he was attacked; it did not give him superpowers.


title: Blue Beetle

text: During the "Death of Superman" saga, the Blue Beetle and the other JLA members tried to stop Doomsday's path of destruction. Doomsday displayed his near-invulnerability and, while brutally defeating the League, put the Blue Beetle into a coma. Upon recovery, he continued his tenure with the JLA as well as its offshoot, Extreme Justice.


title: Blue Beetle

text: Blue Beetle discovered a renewed Checkmate organization led by Maxwell Lord, with a database containing information on every metahuman on Earth. He was captured and executed with a single gunshot to the head. Before dying, he had used the scarab in an attempt to contact Shazam, but was forced to leave it with the wizard Shazam in the Rock of Eternity when the wizard sent him back to Earth.


title: Blue Beetle

text: Some time later, Booster Gold, along with Jaime, Dan, and the Black Beetle in the guise of a Blue Beetle from the future, travels back in time to rescue Kord moments before his death.


title: Blue Beetle

text: Jaime Reyes is a teenager who lives in El Paso, Texas, with his father, mother, and little sister; his father owns a garage and his mother is a nurse. Jaime has offered to help his father out at the garage, but his father has turned him down. He feels Jaime should enjoy his childhood for as long as he can, and should attempt to further his education. He finds the scarab in a vacant lot and it fuses with him while he sleeps. After Booster Gold revealed Jaime's new powers to him, Jaime was swept up in the climactic battle with Brother Eye during "Infinite Crisis". He later becomes a member of the Teen Titans, and is good friends with Rose Wilson (Ravager), Robin, Static, and others. In "Teen Titans" (vol. 3) #83, he takes a break from the team to be with his mother.


title: Blue Beetle

text: Jaime has a girlfriend, the young sorceress Traci 13, who gets along well with Jaime's family. His large and loving family is a major source of strength and guidance for Jaime. Christopher Smith aka the Peacemaker also became a mentor for the young Blue Beetle.


title: Blue Beetle

text: Following DC's "Flashpoint" storyline "Blue Beetle" was one of 52 monthly titles launched in September 2011, again starring Jaime Reyes. The series was cancelled after 17 issues in January 2013.


title: Blue Beetle

text: The Blue Beetle scarab, previously shown as an artifact of magic, is later retconned as a tool of war of the Reach, an ancient race of cosmic marauders. After being defeated by the Guardians of the Universe thousands of years ago and forced into a truce, the Reach poses as benevolent aliens lending their advanced technology to budding civilizations. The scarab is a gift for that world's champion, giving him amazing powers and the knowledge of the Reach to protect their peers. Secretly, the scarab is part of an advanced hive mind, with its own artificial intelligence covertly supplanting the wearer's own. The wearer is turned into the "ultimate infiltrator", a covert agent intended to take over its own world. However, the Blue Beetle Scarab is damaged and so instead of it controlling the host, it forms a symbiotic relationship with them.


title: Blue Beetle

text: In the New 52, the Reach forgoes the secrecy, and each wearer immediately becomes possessed by the scarab. It then uses its host's knowledge to decimate the world and prepare it for a full invasion by Reach forces.


title: Blue Beetle

text: In "DC Universe: Rebirth", Ted Kord and Jaime Reyes believe the scarab is an alien device that bonded to Jaime's spine. Kord is fascinated by this scarab and wants to investigate the potential of it while Jaime fears it. When Jaime leaves Kord's lab to get to school, Dr. Fate appears in the lab to warn Kord that the scarab is not an alien device, but it is instead magic. This further sparks Kord's interest in the potential of the scarab.


title: Blue Beetle

text: Blue Beetle (Ted Kord) was seen in Alex Ross and Mark Waid's limited series "Kingdom Come". He is shown with the rest of the Charlton "Action Heroes" not as a member of Magog's Justice Battalion, but as part of Batman's group and later of the MLF (Mankind Liberation Front). He would be shown later in the title in a suit of armor powered by the then-mystic scarab, working with Batman's team. In the novelization of the series, Batman thinks of Blue Beetle, along with Green Arrow and Black Canary, as his closest (at the time) friends. Blue Beetle is killed with most of the other heroes by a nuclear explosion.


title: Blue Beetle

text: The final issue, #52, of DC Comics' 2006/2007 year-long weekly series "52" revealed that a "Multiverse" system of 52 parallel universes, with each Earth being a different take on established DC Comics characters as featured in the mainstream continuity (designated as "New Earth") had come into existence. The Multiverse acts as a storytelling device that allows writers to introduce alternate versions of fictional characters, hypothesize "What if?" scenarios, revisit popular Elseworlds stories and allow these characters to interact with the mainstream continuity. For example, the Ted Kord of the "Kingdom Come" limited series is said to reside on Earth-22.


title: Blue Beetle

text: Spin-offs from the series "Countdown to Final Crisis" would introduce more alternate Blue Beetles in 2007. Earth-19 (the "Gotham by Gaslight" universe), set in a Victorian-like era, has its own version of Dan Garrett who in his secret identity is the leading Egyptologist at the Gotham Museum of Natural History and wears a monocle, appearing in "The Search for Ray Palmer: Gotham by Gaslight". The limited series "" depicted three more: Earth-26 Blue Beetle, a swarm of sentient insects that form a man-shaped body (calling themselves "The Scarab"), Ted of Earth-33, an anthropomorphic beetle, the pet of Mr. and Mrs. Kord, and Earth-39 Blue Beetle, a younger version of Dan Garrett, who has bonded with his scarab in the same way as Jaime Reyes.


title: Blue Beetle

text: A new version of the Blue Beetle known as "Blue Scarab" was shown as a member of the Justice League in the apocalyptic future depicted in "Justice League: Generation Lost". He is stated as being the "descendant of the Blue Beetle", and has a very alien-looking appearance.


title: Blue Beetle

text: An evil version has appeared in the antimatter universe of Qward, the universe of the Crime Syndicate of America, known as the Scarab.


title: Blue Beetle

text: Roy Thomas wrote the Blue Beetle in one of his earliest professional credits and later created a couple of Blue Beetle pastiches: the Scarlet Scarab for Marvel Comics and the Silver Scarab for DC Comics.


title: Blue Beetle

text: Alan Moore used the two Charlton Comics versions of the Blue Beetle as inspiration for the two Nite Owls in his comic book series "Watchmen".


title: Tag (2018 film)

text: Tag is a 2018 American comedy film directed by Jeff Tomsic (in his feature directorial debut) and written by Rob McKittrick and Mark Steilen. The film is based on a true story that was published in "The Wall Street Journal" about a group of grown men, played by Ed Helms, Jake Johnson, Hannibal Buress, Jon Hamm, and Jeremy Renner, who had spent one month a year playing the game of tag since their childhood. Annabelle Wallis, Isla Fisher, Rashida Jones, and Leslie Bibb also star. The film was released June 15, 2018, by Warner Bros. Pictures. It received mixed reviews from critics and has grossed $78 million worldwide, against a production budget of $28 million.


title: Tag (2018 film)

text: Hogan "Hoagie" Malloy, Bob Callahan, Randy "Chilli" Cilliano, Kevin Sable and Jerry Pierce have been playing tag since 1983 during the month of May, with Jerry being the only member of the group who has not been tagged. Hoagie recruits Bob, Chilli and Kevin for one last attempt to tag Jerry, telling them that Jerry plans to retire after this year's game because of his upcoming marriage. Rebecca Crosby, a "Wall Street Journal" reporter doing a piece on Bob, joins them and decides to write an article on the friends. They are also accompanied by Hoagie's wife Anna.


title: Tag (2018 film)

text: Once in their hometown, they locate Jerry and make an attempt to tag him, but are quickly overwhelmed by Jerry's skill. Jerry introduces his fiancee Susan. While the others express disappointment over not being invited to the wedding despite their close relationship (Jerry knew he would almost certainly be tagged or at least targeted during the ceremonies), they agree to not play the game at any wedding-related events in exchange for invitations to the wedding. Despite this, the group makes several attempts to tag Jerry, but come up short, with one of the attempts leaving Hoagie, Chilli, and Kevin in painful traps, set by Jerry. During the rehearsal dinner, Susan reveals to the guys that she is pregnant.


title: Tag (2018 film)

text: Defeated, the group try to build a new plan. After finding out Jerry attends Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, the group decide to strike his next meeting, which is on his wedding day. In preparation, they lock every exit and dress up as members of AA. They make their move and almost tag Jerry, but once he finds himself trapped in the church, Jerry retreats to the communion wine storage. He stays there for hours as the guys besiege the room, until Susan comes by, with the wedding just a few hours away. Susan berates Jerry for risking their wedding for a childish game but suddenly appears to have a miscarriage. Jerry comes out to help. Chilli is convinced that it is a ruse, but the situation seems authentic, and Jerry himself also tells them he is not playing around and the two leave.


title: Tag (2018 film)

text: The guys receive texts that the wedding is postponed due to the potential miscarriage. However, a suspicious Anna sees that the bridesmaids all made similar Instagram posts. With one of the bridesmaids having a crush on Bob, and also having a private profile, Anna creates a fake profile for Bob in order to bait the bridesmaid for the truth. Once they get access, they see a post from the bridesmaid of Susan in her dress, showing that the wedding is still on schedule. Incensed by the trick, the gang decide to crash the wedding. Upon their arrival, Susan confirms the hoax, including the pregnancy. Angry at Jerry for lying, Hoagie decides to tag Jerry at the end of the ceremony after he and Susan kiss. Hoagie charges at Jerry and ends up tackling the pastor to the ground. Hoagie then loses consciousness, which Jerry thinks is a ruse, but Anna confirms that Hoagie's condition is serious and calls for an ambulance.


title: Tag (2018 film)

text: Everyone meets up at the hospital where Hoagie tells them the truth: he had lied about Jerry quitting after the season because he wanted to reunite with his friends after he recently discovered a tumor on his liver; he was concerned that he might not be alive for the following year and was heartbroken at possibly dying without seeing Jerry finally get tagged. Jerry chooses to swallow his pride and allows Hoagie to tag him. The group starts the game again, running around the hospital as they did as children, and change their rules so Anna and Rebecca can play as well.


title: Tag (2018 film)

text: Before the credits roll, a photograph is displayed, showing the real group of ten men that inspired the film, who continue to play to this day.


title: Tag (2018 film)

text: The film is based on a real-life group of friends from Spokane, Washington, known for playing a month-long game of tag every May over a 28-year period, governed by a contract written by Patrick J. Schultheis. The group was profiled in "The Wall Street Journal" in January 2013, after which they began receiving offers to adapt their story into a film. They sold the rights to their story the next month. It was initially developed with Will Ferrell and Jack Black in mind; however, both eventually left the project.


title: Tag (2018 film)

text: By March 2016, Ferrell and Black were no longer attached to the project, Jeff Tomsic was set to direct the film, and Ed Helms and Tracy Morgan were cast. In April 2017, Jeremy Renner and Hannibal Buress joined the cast. Morgan then left the project due to scheduling conflict issues. In May, Jake Johnson and Annabelle Wallis were cast. Jon Hamm, Isla Fisher and Rashida Jones were cast in June, with filming due to begin in Atlanta, Georgia, later in the month, specifically on June 23, with casting for extras issued. Leslie Bibb was added to the cast as filming began on June 20.


title: Tag (2018 film)

text: Principal photography began in June 2017 in Atlanta, Georgia. In July 2017, Jeremy Renner fractured his right elbow and left wrist after falling 20 feet while performing a stunt. He ended up performing the stunt a second time before going to the hospital, and the production team used CGI to remove his casts in post-production.


title: Tag (2018 film)

text: "Tag" grossed $54.7 million in the United States and Canada, and $23.4 million in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $78.1 million, against a production budget of $28 million.


title: Tag (2018 film)

text: In the United States and Canada, "Tag" was released on June 15, 2018 alongside "Incredibles 2", and was projected to gross $12–16 million from 3,382 theaters in its opening weekend. The film made $1.3 million from Thursday night previews, similar to the $1 million made by fellow R-rated comedy "Game Night" the previous February, and $5.4 million on its first day. It went on to open to $14.9 million, finishing third at the box office, a figure "Deadline Hollywood" said "isn't bad, isn't good, it's OK" considering its $28 million production cost. It dropped 45% to $8.5 million in its second weekend, finishing fourth, and $5.6 million in its third weekend, finishing sixth.


title: Tag (2018 film)

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of based on reviews, with an average rating of . The website's critical consensus reads, "For audiences seeking a dose of high-concept yet undemanding action comedy, "Tag" might be close enough to it." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 56 out of 100, based on reviews from 35 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it a 78% overall positive score.


title: Tag (2018 film)

text: Peter Debruge of "Variety" magazine wrote: "Tag leaves audiences energized and, dare I say, inspired, having delivered all that outrageousness...in service of what ultimately amounts to a sincere celebration of lasting human connections."


title: Tag (2018 film)

text: A. O. Scott of The New York Times wrote: "Tag, unlike too many of its recent ilk, at least bothers to be a movie, rather than a television sketch distended to feature length. The performers don't seem to have been shoved in front of the camera and instructed to be funny. They have to work for their laughs, and to find coherence as an ensemble."


title: Tag (2018 film)

text: Jon Frosch of "The Hollywood Reporter" called the film "neither bad nor good, but rather, despite its out-there story, almost numbingly ordinary: an easy, breezy action-com that's sometimes amusing but rarely funny, competent rather than inspired."


title: Hunter Moore

text: Hunter Moore (born March 1986) is an American convicted criminal from Sacramento, California. "Rolling Stone" called him "the most hated man on the Internet.” In 2010, he created the revenge porn website Is Anyone Up? which allowed users to post sexually explicit photos of people online without their consent, often accompanied by personal information such as their names and addresses. He refused to take down pictures on request. Moore called himself "a professional life ruiner" and compared himself to Charles Manson. The website was up for 16 months, during which Moore stated several times he was protected by the same laws that protect Facebook. Moore also paid a hacker to break into email accounts of victims and steal private photos to post.


title: Hunter Moore

text: The FBI started an investigation on Moore in 2012 after receiving evidence from the mother of one of the victims. The site was closed in April 2012 and sold to an anti-bullying group. In February 2015, Moore pleaded guilty to felony charges for aggravated identity theft and aiding and abetting in the unauthorized access of a computer. In November 2015, Moore was sentenced to two years and six months in prison, a $2,000 fine, and $145.70 in restitution. He was released from prison in May 2017.


title: Hunter Moore

text: In 2022, Netflix released "The Most Hated Man on the Internet", a docuseries about Moore. Although Moore initially agreed to take part in the series, he then declined. The series reached No. 3 on the Netflix top 10.


title: Hunter Moore

text: Moore was born in March 1986 and he grew up in Woodland, California. He attended and was expelled from Woodland Christian School.


title: Hunter Moore

text: Moore started the website Is Anyone Up? in 2010. Moore stated that the site was originally intended to be a nightlife website, but after he and some friends received sexually explicit pictures from women they were involved with at the time, the site was changed, featuring revealing photos and videos of people who were not professional models, linked to their social networking profiles on Facebook or Twitter. Many of the subjects were outraged by inclusion on the site; in many cases the photos had been stolen from their hacked personal computers or shared without consent by former boyfriends or girlfriends as a form of revenge. Because of this, the site's content became known as "revenge porn". Moore reportedly responded to multiple cease-and-desist letters with simply "LOL" and would regularly argue that the law protected his activities.


title: Hunter Moore

text: Moore claimed that the website attracted 30 million page views monthly as well as yielding $8,000 to $13,000 a month in ad revenue. In response to public bragging by Moore about the website, BBC News named Moore "the Net's most hated man" and "Rolling Stone" called him "the most hated man on the Internet". Due to the site, Moore was banned from Facebook.


title: Hunter Moore

text: Moore eventually faced numerous lawsuits and an FBI investigation. He was also stabbed in the shoulder with a pen by a woman who had been featured on the site. Moore lived with his grandmother for a period of time while he feared he would be murdered in his sleep due to constant death threats.


title: Hunter Moore

text: On April 19, 2012, Moore sold the website to an anti-bullying group run by former Marine James McGibney for $12,000. After it was sold all the pornographic material was removed, and anyone who looked for the website was redirected to Bullyville.com.


title: Hunter Moore

text: Charlotte Laws, the mother of one of the victims on the site, decided to track Moore down and conducted a two-year investigation where she compiled evidence from more than 40 victims and gave it to the FBI.


title: Hunter Moore

text: In 2012, Moore and a hacker named Charles Evens (who went under the alias of "Gary Jones") were suspected of hacking-related crimes. "The Wire" stated that "on multiple occasions, [Moore] paid Evens to break into the email accounts of victims and steal nude photos to post on the website isanyoneup.com." When it became apparent to Moore that news about his FBI investigation was beginning to surface to the public, Moore responded with "I will literally fucking buy a first-class fucking plane ticket right now, eat an amazing meal, buy a gun in New York, and fucking kill whoever [talked about my FBI investigation]. I'm that pissed over it. I'm actually mad right now."


title: Hunter Moore

text: Moore also threatened to burn down "The Village Voice" headquarters if they ran a story about his FBI investigation. They ran the story regardless.


title: Hunter Moore

text: On January 23, 2014, Moore was indicted in a federal court in California following his arrest by the FBI on charges of conspiracy, unauthorized access to a protected computer, and aggravated identity theft. Many of these crimes were committed in an effort to obtain nude images of people against their will.


title: Hunter Moore

text: Moore was released two days later from Sacramento County Jail on a $100,000 bond. He was allowed no access to the Internet, and was required by law to dismantle the archives he owned for the Is Anyone Up? database, while the FBI monitored him doing so.


title: Hunter Moore

text: On January 24, 2015, exactly one year after Moore had last tweeted, tweets began to appear on his account making it seem like he had returned to the Internet. Moore's mother revealed that his account was either taken over or hacked, and he had nothing to do with the tweets.


title: Hunter Moore

text: On February 18, 2015, Moore entered a guilty plea with the Central District of California U.S. Attorney's Office, in which he admitted to aggravated identity theft and aiding and abetting in the unauthorized access of a computer. In addition to his mandatory prison sentence, Moore also agreed to a three-year period of supervised probation, a $2,000 fine and $145.70 in restitution. He also received an order that he delete all the data on his seized computers. Under the plea, he would serve a minimum of two years in prison, and a maximum of seven years and a $500,000 fine.


title: Hunter Moore

text: On July 2, 2015, accomplice Charles Evens pleaded guilty to charges of computer hacking and identity theft, confessing to stealing hundreds of images from women's email accounts and selling them to Moore. He also faced up to seven years imprisonment.


title: Hunter Moore

text: On November 16, 2015, Evens was sentenced to 2 years and 1 month imprisonment, as well as a $2,000 dollar fine and $147.50 in restitution.


title: Hunter Moore

text: On December 2, 2015, Moore was sentenced to 2 years in federal prison, followed by three years of supervised release. He was also ordered to undergo a mental health evaluation while imprisoned.


title: Hunter Moore

text: On March 8, 2013, Bullyville founder James McGibney won a $250,000 defamation judgment against Moore, after Moore called McGibney a "pedophile" and threatened to rape his wife.


title: Hunter Moore

text: Moore and his website are the subject of a three-part Netflix documentary, "The Most Hated Man on the Internet". The end credits state that Moore initially agreed to feature in the documentary in person, but later declined to do so.


title: Redlining

text: In the United States, redlining is a discriminatory practice in which services (financial and otherwise) are withheld from potential customers who reside in neighborhoods classified as "hazardous" to investment; these neighborhoods have significant numbers of racial and ethnic minorities, and low-income residents. While the most well-known examples involve denial of credit and insurance, also sometimes attributed to redlining in many instances are: denial of healthcare and the development of food deserts in minority neighborhoods. In the case of retail businesses like supermarkets, the purposeful construction of stores impractically far away from targeted residents results in a redlining effect.


title: Redlining

text: Reverse redlining occurred when a lender or insurer targeted majority-minority neighborhood residents with inflated interest rates by taking advantage of the lack of lending competition relative to non-redlined neighborhoods. The effect also emerged when service providers artificially restricted the supply of real estate available for loanable funds to nonwhites, thus providing alternative pretext for higher rates. Neighborhoods which were targeted for blockbusting were also subject to reverse redlining.


title: Redlining

text: In the 1960s, sociologist John McKnight originally coined the term to describe the discriminatory banking practice of classifying certain neighborhoods as "hazardous," or not worthy of investment due to the racial makeup of their residents. During the heyday of redlining, the areas most frequently discriminated against were Black inner city neighborhoods. For example, in the 1980s a Pulitzer Prize-winning series of articles by investigative reporter Bill Dedman demonstrated how Atlanta banks would often lend in lower-income white neighborhoods but not in middle-income or even upper-income Black neighborhoods. Blacklisting was a related mechanism employed by redlining institutions to keep track of areas, groups, and people that the discriminating party intended to exclude. In academic literature, redlining falls under the broader category of credit rationing. The documented history of redlining in the United States is a manifestation of the historical systemic racism that has had wide-ranging impacts on American society, two examples being educational and housing inequality across racial groups. Redlining is also an example of spatial inequality and economic inequality.


title: Redlining

text: The specific process termed "redlining" in the United States occurred on the background of racial segregation and discrimination against minority populations. It had its origins in sales practices of the National Association of Real Estate Boards and theories about race and property values codified by economists surrounding Richard T. Ely and his Institute for Research in Land Economics and Public Utilities, founded at the University of Wisconsin in 1920. With the National Housing Act of 1934 the federal government began to be involved in the practice and the concurrent establishment of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA). The FHA's formalized redlining process was developed by their Chief Land Economist, Homer Hoyt, as part of an initiative to develop the first underwriting criteria for mortgages. The implementation of this federal policy accelerated the decay and isolation of minority inner-city neighborhoods through withholding of mortgage capital, making it even more difficult for neighborhoods to attract and retain families able to purchase homes. The discriminatory assumptions in redlining exacerbated residential racial segregation and urban decay in the United States.


title: Redlining

text: In 1935, the Federal Home Loan Bank Board (FHLBB) asked the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) to look at 239 cities and create "residential security maps" to indicate the level of security for real-estate investments in each surveyed city. On the maps, the newest areas—those considered desirable for lending purposes—were outlined in green and known as "Type A". These were typically affluent suburbs on the outskirts of cities. "Type B" neighborhoods, outlined in blue, were considered "Still Desirable", whereas older "Type C" were labeled "Declining" and outlined in yellow. "Type D" neighborhoods were outlined in red and were considered the most risky for mortgage support. While about 85% of the residents of such neighborhoods were white, they included most of the African-American urban households. These neighborhoods tended to be the older districts in the center of cities; often they were also African-American neighborhoods. Urban planning historians theorize that the maps were used by private and public entities for years afterward to deny loans to people in black communities. But, recent research has indicated that the HOLC did not redline in its own lending activities and that the racist language reflected the bias of the private sector and experts hired to conduct the appraisals.


title: Redlining

text: Redlining maps even became prominent under private organizations, such as appraiser J. M. Brewer's 1934 map of Philadelphia. Private organizations created maps designed to meet the requirements of the Federal Housing Administration's underwriting manual. The lenders had to consider FHA standards if they wanted to receive FHA insurance for their loans. FHA appraisal manuals instructed banks to steer clear of areas with "inharmonious racial groups", and recommended that municipalities enact racially restrictive zoning ordinances. Between 1945 and 1959, African Americans received less than 2 percent of all federally insured home loans.


title: Redlining

text: Banks and mortgage lenders were not the only private entities to develop redlining practices. Property insurance companies also instituted rigid redlining policies in the post-World War II period. According to urban historian Bench Ansfield, the postwar advent of comprehensive homeowners' insurance was limited to the suburbs and withheld from neighborhoods of color in U.S. cities. One Aetna bulletin from 1964 advised underwriters to "use a red line around questionable areas on territorial maps." The New York Urban Coalition warned in 1978, “A neighborhood without insurance is a neighborhood doomed to death.”


title: Redlining

text: Following a National Housing Conference in 1973, a group of Chicago community organizations led by The Northwest Community Organization (NCO) formed National People's Action (NPA), to broaden the fight against disinvestment and mortgage redlining in neighborhoods all over the country. This organization, led by Chicago housewife Gale Cincotta and Shel Trapp, a professional community organizer, targeted The Federal Home Loan Bank Board, the governing authority over federally chartered Savings and loan associations (S&L) that held at that time the bulk of the country's home mortgages. NPA embarked on an effort to build a national coalition of urban community organizations to pass a national disclosure regulation or law to require banks to reveal their lending patterns.


title: Redlining

text: For many years, urban community organizations had battled neighborhood decay by attacking blockbusting (deceptive encouragement of white flight from neighborhoods in order to buy up real estate at a huge discount and then rent to low-income, usually black tenants), forcing landlords to maintain properties, and requiring cities to board up and tear down abandoned properties. These actions addressed the short-term issues of neighborhood decline. Neighborhood leaders began to learn that these issues and conditions were symptoms of disinvestment that was the true, though hidden, underlying cause of these problems. They changed their strategy as more data was gathered.


title: Redlining

text: With the help of NPA, a coalition of loosely affiliated community organizations began to form. At the Third Annual Housing Conference held in Chicago in 1974, eight hundred delegates representing 25 states and 35 cities attended. The strategy focused on the Federal Home Loan Bank Board (FHLBB), which oversaw S&Ls in cities all over the country.


title: Redlining

text: In 1974, Chicago's Metropolitan Area Housing Association (MAHA), made up of representatives of local organizations, succeeded in having the Illinois State Legislature pass laws mandating disclosure and outlawing redlining. In Massachusetts, organizers allied with NPA confronted a unique situation. Over 90% of home mortgages were held by state-chartered savings banks. A Jamaica Plain neighborhood organization pushed the disinvestment issue into the statewide gubernatorial race. The Jamaica Plain Banking & Mortgage Committee and its citywide affiliate, The Boston Anti-redlining Coalition (BARC), won a commitment from Democratic candidate Michael S. Dukakis to order statewide disclosure through the Massachusetts State Banking Commission. After Dukakis was elected, his new Banking Commissioner ordered banks to disclose mortgage-lending patterns by ZIP code. The suspected redlining was revealed. Richard W. "Rick" Wise, a former community organizer who led the Boston organizing, has published a novel, "Redlined", which gives a somewhat fictionalized account of the anti-redlining campaign.


title: Redlining

text: NPA and its affiliates achieved disclosure of lending practices with the passage of The Home Mortgage Disclosure Act of 1975. The required transparency and review of loan practices began to change lending practices. NPA began to work on reinvestment in areas that had been neglected. Their support helped gain passage in 1977 of the Community Reinvestment Act.


title: Redlining

text: In May 2015, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development announced that Associated Bank had agreed to a $200 million settlement over redlining in Chicago and Milwaukee. The three-year HUD observation led to the complaint that the bank purposely rejected mortgage applications from black and Latino applicants. The final settlement required AB to open branches in non-white neighborhoods.


title: Redlining

text: New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman announced a settlement with Evans Bank for $825,000 on September 10, 2015. An investigation had uncovered the erasure of black neighborhoods from mortgage lending maps. According to Schneiderman, of the over 1,100 mortgage applications the bank received between 2009 and 2012, only four were from African Americans. Following this investigation, "The Buffalo News" reported that more banks could be investigated for the same reasons in the near future. The most notable examples of such DOJ and HUD settlements have focused heavily on community banks in large metropolitan areas, but banks in other regions have been the subject of such orders as well, including First United Security Bank in Thomasville, Alabama, and Community State Bank in Saginaw, Michigan.


title: Redlining

text: The United States Department of Justice announced a $33 million settlement with Hudson City Savings Bank, which services New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania, on September 24, 2015. The six-year DOJ investigation had proven that the company was intentionally avoiding granting mortgages to Latinos and African Americans and purposely avoided expanding into minority-majority communities. The Justice Department called it the "largest residential mortgage redlining settlement in its history." As a part of the settlement agreement, HCSB was forced to open branches in non-white communities. As U.S. Attorney Paul Fishman explained to Emily Badger for "The Washington Post", "[i]f you lived in a majority-black or Hispanic neighborhood and you wanted to apply for a mortgage, Hudson City Savings Bank was not the place to go." The enforcement agencies cited additional evidence of discrimination in Hudson City's broker selection practices, noting that the bank received 80 percent of its mortgage applications from mortgage brokers but that the brokers with whom the bank worked were not located in majority African-American and Hispanic areas.


title: Redlining

text: In the United States, the Fair Housing Act of 1968 was passed to fight the practice of redlining. According to the Department of Housing and Urban Development, "The "Fair Housing Act" makes it unlawful to discriminate in the terms, conditions, or privileges of sale of a dwelling because of race or national origin. The Act also makes it unlawful for any person or other entity whose business includes residential real estate-related transactions to discriminate against any person in making available such a transaction, or in the terms or conditions of such a transaction, because of race or national origin." The Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity was tasked with administering and enforcing this law.


title: Redlining

text: The Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) is a United States law (codified at 15 U.S.C. § 1691 et seq.), enacted 28 October 1974,[1] that makes it unlawful for any creditor to discriminate against any applicant, with respect to any aspect of a credit transaction, on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, or age (provided the applicant has the capacity to contract);[2] to the fact that all or part of the applicant's income derives from a public assistance program; or to the fact that the applicant has in good faith exercised any right under the Consumer Credit Protection Act. The law applies to any person who, in the ordinary course of business, regularly participates in a credit decision,[3] including banks, retailers, bankcard companies, finance companies, and credit unions.


title: Redlining

text: The part of the law that defines its authority and scope is known as Regulation B,[4] from the (b) that appears in Title 12 part 1002's official identifier: 12 C.F.R. § 1002.1(b) (2017).[5] Failure to comply with Regulation B can subject a financial institution to civil liability for actual and punitive damages in individual or class actions. Liability for punitive damages can be as much as $10,000 in individual actions and the lesser of $500,000 or 1% of the creditor's net worth in class actions.[6]


title: Redlining

text: The Community Reinvestment Act, passed by Congress in 1977 required banks to apply the same lending criteria in all communities.


title: Redlining

text: ShoreBank, a community-development bank in Chicago's South Shore neighborhood, was a part of the private sector fight against redlining. Founded in 1973, ShoreBank sought to combat racist lending practices in Chicago's African-American communities by providing financial services, especially mortgage loans, to local residents. In a 1992 speech, then-Presidential candidate Bill Clinton called ShoreBank "the most important bank in America". On August 20, 2010, the bank was declared insolvent, closed by regulators and most of its assets were acquired by Urban Partnership Bank.


title: Redlining

text: In the mid-1970s, community organizations, under the banner of the NPA, worked to fight against redlining in South Austin, Illinois. One of these organizations was SACCC (South Austin Coalition Community Council), formed to restore South Austin's neighborhood and to fight against financial institutions accused of propagating redlining. This got the attention of insurance regulators in the Illinois Department of Insurance, as well as federal officers enforcing anti-racial discrimination laws.


title: Redlining

text: The United States Federal Government has enacted legislation since the 1970s to reduce the segregation of American cities. While many cities have reduced the amount of segregated neighborhoods, some still have clearly defined racial boundaries. Since 1990, the City of Chicago has been one of the most persistently racially segregated cities, despite efforts to improve mobility and reduce barriers. Other cities like Detroit, Houston, and Atlanta likewise have very pronounced black and white neighborhoods, the same neighborhoods that were originally redlined by financial institutions decades ago. While other cities have made progress, this continued racial segregation has contributed to reduced economic mobility for millions of people.


title: Redlining

text: Formerly redlined neighborhoods in places like Los Angeles have been shown to be more likely to have a gang injunction issued against them, as the work of geographer Stefano Bloch and anthropologist Susan A. Phillips shows.


title: Redlining

text: The practice of redlining actively helped to create what is now known as the Racial Wealth Gap seen in the United States.


title: Redlining

text: Black families in America earned just $57.30 for every $100 in income earned by white families, according to the Census Bureau's Current Population Survey. For every $100 in white family wealth, black families hold just $5.04. In 2016, the median wealth for black and Hispanic families was $17,600 and $20,700, respectively, compared with white families' median wealth of $171,000. The black-white wealth gap has not recovered from the Great Recession. In 2007, immediately before the Great Recession, the median wealth of blacks was nearly 14 percent that of whites. Although black wealth increased at a faster rate than white wealth in 2016, blacks still owned less than 10 percent of whites' wealth at the median.


title: Redlining

text: A multigenerational study of people from five race groups analyzed upward mobility trends in American cities. The study concluded that black men who grew up in racially segregated neighborhoods were substantially less likely to gain upward economic mobility, finding "black children born to parents in the bottom household income quintile have a 2.5% chance of rising to the top quintile of household income, compared with 10.6% for whites." Because of this intergenerational poverty, black households are "stuck in place" and are less able to grow wealth.


title: Redlining

text: A 2017 study by Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago economists found that redlining—the practice whereby banks discriminated against the inhabitants of certain neighborhoods—had a persistent adverse impact on the neighborhoods, with redlining affecting homeownership rates, home values and credit scores in 2010. Since many African-Americans could not access conventional home loans, they had to turn to predatory lenders (who charged high interest rates). Due to lower home ownership rates, slumlords were able to rent out apartments that would otherwise be owned.


title: Redlining

text: Retail redlining is a spatially discriminatory practice among retailers. Taxicab services and delivery food may not serve certain areas, based on their ethnic-minority composition and assumptions about business (and perceived crime), rather than data and economic criteria, such as the potential profitability of operating in those areas. Consequently, consumers in these areas are vulnerable to prices set by fewer retailers. They may be exploited by retailers who charge higher prices and/or offer them inferior goods.


title: Redlining

text: A 2012 study by "The Wall Street Journal" found that Staples, The Home Depot, Rosetta Stone and some other online retailers displayed different prices to customers in different locations (distinct from shipping prices). Staples based discounts on proximity to competitors like OfficeMax and Office Depot. This generally resulted in higher prices for customers in more rural areas, who were on average less wealthy than customers seeing lower prices.


title: Redlining

text: Some service providers target low-income neighborhoods for nuisance sales. When those services are believed to have adverse effects on a community, they may considered to be a form of "reverse redlining". The term "liquorlining" is sometimes used to describe high densities of liquor stores in low income and/or minority communities relative to surrounding areas. High densities of liquor stores are associated with crime and public health issues, which may in turn drive away supermarkets, grocery stores, and other retail outlets, contributing to low levels of economic development. Controlled for income, nonwhites face higher concentrations of liquor stores than do whites. One study done on "liquorlining" found that, in urban neighborhoods, there is weak correlation between demand for alcohol and supply of liquor stores.


title: Redlining

text: In December 2007, a class action lawsuit was brought against student loan lending giant Sallie Mae in the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut. The class alleged that Sallie Mae discriminated against African American and Hispanic private student loan applicants.


title: Redlining

text: The case alleged that the factors Sallie Mae used to underwrite private student loans caused a disparate impact on students attending schools with higher minority populations. The suit also alleged that Sallie Mae failed to properly disclose loan terms to private student loan borrowers.


title: Redlining

text: The lawsuit was settled in 2011. The terms of the settlement included Sallie Mae agreeing to make a $500,000 donation to the United Negro College Fund and the attorneys for the plaintiffs receiving $1.8 million in attorneys' fees.


title: Redlining

text: Credit card redlining is a spatially discriminatory practice among credit card issuers, of providing different amounts of credit to different areas, based on their ethnic-minority composition, rather than on economic criteria, such as the potential profitability of operating in those areas. Scholars assess certain policies, such as credit card issuers reducing credit lines of individuals with a record of purchases at retailers frequented by so-called "high-risk" customers, to be akin to redlining.


title: Redlining

text: Much of the economic impacts we find as a result of redlining and the banking system directly impact the African American community. Beginning in the 1960s, there was a large influx of black veterans and their families moving into suburban white communities. As blacks moved in, whites moved out and the market value of these homes dropped dramatically. In observation of said market values, bank lenders were able to keep close track by literally drawing red lines around the neighborhoods on a map. These lines signified areas that they would not invest in. By way of racial redlining, not only banks but savings and loans companies, insurance companies, grocery chains, and even pizza delivery companies thwarted economic vitality in black communities. The severe lacking in civil rights laws in combination with the economic impact led to the passing of the Community Reinvestment Act in 1977.


title: Redlining

text: Racial and economic redlining set the people who live in these communities up for failure from the start, so much so that banks would often deny people who came from these areas bank loans or offered them at stricter repayment rates. As a result, there was a very low rate at which people (in particular African Americans) were able to own their homes; opening the door for slum landlords (who could get approved for low interest loans in those communities) to take over and do as they saw fit.


title: Redlining

text: Gregory D. Squires wrote in 2003 that data showed that race continues to affect the policies and practices of the insurance industry. Racial profiling or redlining has a long history in the property-insurance industry in the United States. From a review of industry underwriting and marketing materials, court documents, and research by government agencies, industry and community groups, and academics, it is clear that race has long affected and continues to affect the policies and practices of the insurance industry. Home-insurance agents may try to assess the ethnicity of a potential customer just by telephone, affecting what services they offer to inquiries about purchasing a home insurance policy. This type of discrimination is called linguistic profiling. There have also been concerns raised about redlining in the automotive insurance industry. Reviews of insurance scores based on credit are shown to have unequal results by ethnic group. The Ohio Department of Insurance in the early 21st century allows insurance providers to use maps and collection of demographic data by ZIP code in determining insurance rates. The FHEO Director of Investigations at the Department of Housing and Urban Development, Sara Pratt, wrote:


title: Redlining

text: Like other forms of discrimination, the history of insurance redlining began in conscious, overt racial discrimination practiced openly and with significant community support in communities throughout the country. There was documented overt discrimination in practices relating to residential housing—from the appraisal manuals which established an articulated "policy" of preferences based on race, religion and national origin. to lending practices which only made loans available in certain parts of town or to certain borrowers, to the decision-making process in loans and insurance which allowed the insertion of discriminatory assessments into final decisions about either.


title: Redlining

text: In reverse redlining, lenders and insurers target minority consumers by charging them more than a similarly situated white consumer would be charged, specifically marketing the most expensive and onerous loan products. In the 2000s, some financial institutions considered black communities as suitable for subprime mortgages. Wells Fargo partnered with churches in black communities, where pastors would deliver "wealth building" sermons encouraging new mortgage applications. The bank would then make a donation to the church in return for every new application. Many working-class blacks wanted to be included in the nation's home-owning trend. Instead of empowering them to contribute to homeownership and community progress, predatory lending practices through reverse redlining stripped the equity homeowners sought and drained the wealth of those communities for the enrichment of financial firms. The growth of subprime lending, higher cost loans to borrowers with flaws on their credit records, prior to the 2008 financial crisis, coupled with growing law enforcement activity in those areas, clearly showed a surge in manipulative practices. Not all subprime loans were predatory, but virtually all predatory loans were subprime. Predatory loans are dangerous because they charge unreasonably higher rates and fees compared to the risk, trapping homeowners in unaffordable debt and often costing them their homes and life savings.


title: Redlining

text: A survey of two districts of similar incomes, one being largely white and the other largely black, found that bank branches in the black community offered exclusively subprime loans. Studies found out that high-income blacks were almost twice as likely to end up with subprime home-purchase mortgages compared to low-income whites. Fueled by deep racism, some loan officers referred to blacks as "mud people" and to subprime lending as "ghetto loans". Lower savings rate and distrust of banks, stemming from this legacy of redlining, may explain why there are fewer financial institutions in minority neighborhoods. In the early 21st century, brokers and telemarketers actively encouraged subprime mortgages to be offered to minority residents. A majority of the loans were refinance transactions, allowing homeowners to take cash out of their appreciating property or pay off credit card and other debt.


title: Redlining

text: Redlining has helped preserve residential segregation between blacks and whites in the United States. Lending institutions such as Wells Fargo have shown that they treat black mortgage applicants differently when they are buying homes in white neighborhoods than when buying homes in black neighborhoods by offering them subprime and predatory loans when black residents try and integrate neighborhoods.


title: Redlining

text: The inequality in loaning extends past residential to commercial loans as well; Dan Immergluck writes that in 2002, small businesses in black neighborhoods received fewer loans, even after accounting for business density, business size, industrial mix, neighborhood income, and the credit quality of local businesses.


title: Redlining

text: Several State Attorneys General have begun investigating these de facto practices, which may violate fair lending laws. The NAACP filed a class-action lawsuit charging systematic racial discrimination by more than a dozen banks.


title: Redlining

text: Policies related to redlining and urban decay can also act as a form of environmental racism, which in turn affect public health. Urban minority communities may face environmental racism in the form of parks that are smaller, less accessible and of poorer quality than those in more affluent or white areas in some cities, which may have an indirect effect on health, since young people have fewer places to play, and adults have fewer opportunities for exercise.


title: Redlining

text: A 2022 study published in the journal Environmental Science & Technology Letters found redlined areas in 202 US cities had higher levels of air pollution (nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter) in 2010, so 80 years later.


title: Redlining

text: In 1990, Robert Wallace wrote that the pattern of the AIDS outbreak during the 80s was affected by the outcomes of a program of "planned shrinkage" directed at African-American and Hispanic communities. It was implemented through systematic denial of municipal services, particularly fire protection resources, essential to maintain urban levels of population density and ensure community stability. Institutionalized racism affects general health care as well as the quality of AIDS health intervention and services in minority communities. The over-representation of minorities in various disease categories, including AIDS, is partially related to environmental racism. The national response to the AIDS epidemic in minority communities was slow during the 80s and 90s, showing an insensitivity to ethnic diversity in prevention efforts and AIDS health services.


title: Redlining

text: Environmental justice scholars such as Laura Pulido, Department Head of Ethnic Studies and Professor at the University of Oregon, and David Pellow, Dehlsen and Department Chair of Environmental Studies and Director of the Global Environmental Justice Project at the University of California, Santa Barbara, argue that recognizing environmental racism as an element stemming from the entrenched legacies of racial capitalism is crucial to the movement, with white supremacy continuing to shape human relationships with nature and labor.


title: Redlining

text: "Digital redlining" is a term used to refer to the practice of creating and perpetuating inequities between racial, cultural, and class groups specifically through the use of digital technologies, digital content, and the internet. "Digital redlining" is an extension of the historical housing discrimination practice of redlining to include an ability to discriminate against vulnerable classes of society using algorithms, connected digital technologies, and big data. This extension of the term tends to include both geographically based and non-geographically based discrimination. For example, in March 2019 the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) charged Facebook with housing discrimination over the company's targeted advertising practices. While these charges included geographically based targeting in the form of a tool that allowed advertisers to draw a red line on a map; they also included non-geographically based methods that did not use maps but rather utilized algorithmic targeting using Facebook's user profile information to directly exclude specific groups of people. A press release from HUD on March 28, 2019, stated that HUD was charging that "Facebook enabled advertisers to exclude people whom Facebook classified as parents; non-American-born; non-Christian; interested in accessibility; interested in Hispanic culture; or a wide variety of other interests that closely align with the Fair Housing Act's protected classes."


title: Redlining

text: Political redlining is the process of restricting the supply of political information with assumptions about demographics and present or past opinions. It occurs when political campaign managers delimit which population is less likely to vote and design information campaigns only with likely voters in mind. It can also occur when politicians, lobbyists, or political campaign managers identify which communities to actively discourage from voting through voter suppression campaigns.


title: Redlining

text: Health inequality in the United States persists today as a direct result of the effects of redlining. This is because health in America is synonymous with wealth, both of which minority groups have been denied as a result of discriminatory practices. Wealth affords the privilege of living in a neighborhood or community with clean air, pure water, outdoor spaces and places for recreation and exercise, safe streets during the day and night, infrastructure that supports the growth of intergenerational wealth through access to good schools, healthy food, public transportation, and opportunities to connect, belong, and contribute to the surrounding community. Wealth also provides stability of home as those with capital are not confined to the deteriorating housing stock that minority groups who were redlined were forced to try and rehabilitate without access to loans.


title: Redlining

text: Redlining intentionally excluded black Americans from accumulating intergenerational wealth. The effects of this exclusion on black Americans' health continues to play out daily, generations later, in the same communities. This is evident currently in the disproportionate effects that COVID-19 has had on the same communities which the HOLC redlined in the 1930s. Research published in September 2020 overlaid maps of the highly affected COVID-19 areas with the HOLC maps, showing that those areas marked “risky” to lenders because they contained minority residents were the same neighborhoods most ravaged by COVID-19. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) looks at inequities in the social determinants of health like concentrated poverty and healthcare access that are interrelated and influence health outcomes with regard to COVID-19 as well as quality-of-life in general for minority groups. The CDC points to discrimination within health care, education, criminal justice, housing, and finance, direct results of systematically subversive tactics like redlining which led to chronic and toxic stress that shaped social and economic factors for minority groups, increasing their risk for COVID-19. Healthcare access is similarly limited by factors like a lack of public transportation, child care, and communication and language barriers which result from the spatial and economic isolation of minority communities from redlining. Educational, income, and wealth gaps that result from this isolation mean that minority groups' limited access to the job market may force them to remain in fields that have higher risk of exposure to the virus, without options to take time off. Finally, a direct result of redlining is the overcrowding of minority groups into neighborhoods that do not boast adequate housing to sustain burgeoning populations, leading to crowded conditions that make prevention strategies of COVID-19 nearly impossible to implement.


title: Redlining

text: After years of de facto discrimination achieved through redlining, a system of structural racism blocking the achievement of health equity for all Americans has developed. As a result, a de facto health narrative that does not inspire belonging, compel political participation, nor dictate strategic change towards the social justice model for health equity has matured. In order to eliminate health inequality in America, a new de facto health narrative needs to dictate strategy. The process for achieving health equity relies on healthcare leaders articulating, acting on, and building the vision into all decisions and structures that support equity. Sufficient resources must be allocated to establishing a governance structure that can oversee health equity work. This includes taking specific action to address the social determinants of building intergenerational wealth as well as confronting institutional racism within health systems themselves. Next, health systems need to address the socioeconomic determinants of health which disadvantage minority groups. Through training, education, support groups, housing support, improved transportation, resource assistance, and community health programs, health equity organizations can begin to break down the long-lasting barriers that tactics like redlining have imposed on achieving health equity. In addition to ensuring the equal health outcomes of patients, healthcare organizations can also utilize their position as employers to develop a more diverse workforce through improved hiring practices and ensuring living wages to minority employees.


title: Redlining

text: Redlining has contributed to the long-term decline of low-income, inner city neighborhoods and the continuation of ethnic minority enclaves. Compared to prospering ethnic minority areas, historically redlined or other struggling black communities need targeted investments in infrastructure and services in order to prosper.


title: Aditya Birla Group

text: Aditya Birla Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate, headquartered in Mumbai. It operates in 100 countries with more than 1,40,000 employees directly and indirectly. The group was founded by Seth Shiv Narayan Birla in 1857. The group has interests in viscose staple fibre, metals, cement (largest in India), viscose filament yarn, branded apparel, carbon black, chemicals, fertilisers, insulators, financial services and telecom.


title: Aditya Birla Group

text: It is one of India's largest corporate houses operating in 26 countries – India, Germany, the United Kingdom, Brazil, Italy, Hungary, United States, Canada, France, Australia, Egypt, Luxembourg, Philippines, the United Arab Emirates, Switzerland, Singapore, Myanmar, China, Thailand, Laos, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, Bahrain, Vietnam and South Korea. The company is majorly engaged in the business of non-ferrous metals, viscose filament yarn, viscose staple fiber, cement, fertilizers, chemicals, branded apparel, carbon black, sponge iron, telecom, IT services, financial services, insulators, and BPO.


title: Aditya Birla Group

text: The Aditya Birla Group is the world's largest producer of Viscose staple fibre. It operates from India, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia and China. It owns the Birla Cellulose brand. Apart from viscose staple fibre, the group also owns acrylic fibre business in Thailand, viscose filament yarn businesses and spinning mills in India and Southeast Asia. The group has pulp and plantation interests in Canada and Laos. It also owns the Domsjö factory in Sweden which exports viscose. The Swedish government is hoping to negotiate further investments in Sweden, in particular in the hyper-modern future biorefinery in the city of Örnsköldsvik. Its two companies i.e. Aditya Birla Nuvo Ltd and Grasim Bhiwani Textiles Ltd which is a subsidiary of Grasim Industries are in textile business. Grasim Industries was recently placed 154th in a list of the world's best regarded firms compiled by Forbes.


title: Aditya Birla Group

text: Idea Cellular was started as a joint venture of Aditya Birla Group with AT&T and the Tata Group, which was widely also known as, BATATA (Birla+AT+Tata). After an IPO on the Indian stock markets, Idea Cellular now accounts for a third of the group's market capitalisation. The company is headquartered in Mumbai. On 31 August 2018 Idea Cellular completed its merger with Vodafone India and thereby became largest telecom company in terms of subscribers and revenue, surpassing Airtel.


title: Aditya Birla Group

text: Aditya Birla Capital (ABC) is the umbrella brand for all the financial services business of the Aditya Birla Group. The financial services arm of the group is headed by Ajay Srinivasan.


title: Colton Haynes

text: Colton Lee Haynes (born July 13, 1988) is an American actor and model. He is known for his starring role as Jackson Whittemore in the MTV supernatural drama series "Teen Wolf" and as Roy Harper / Arsenal in the CW superhero television series "Arrow".


title: Colton Haynes

text: Colton Lee Haynes was born either in Wichita, Kansas, or Andale, Kansas, a town of 900. He has described his parents as "free-spirited hippies." Haynes has five siblings, including brothers Clinton and Joshua, and a sister, Willow. He grew up on a farm in Andale and has also lived in Arkansas, New Mexico, Texas and Florida. He attended Navarre High School in Florida and Andale High School in Kansas, and graduated from Samuel Clemens High School in Schertz, Texas. Haynes's parents were divorced; his father was married seven times.


title: Colton Haynes

text: Haynes came out as gay at the age of 14. He has said that he experienced bullying due to his sexuality, and that he ran away from home for a time due to his mother's negative reaction to it. His father died by suicide during Haynes's teen years, and Haynes was told that his being gay is what drove his father to kill himself.


title: Colton Haynes

text: Haynes began his career as a model at the age of fifteen in New York City, New York. He subsequently appeared in a Bruce Weber photo shoot for Abercrombie & Fitch. Afterward, Haynes began modeling in campaigns for Kira Plastinina, J. C. Penney, and Ralph Lauren. In 2008, Haynes continued modeling in campaigns such as Verizon and also appeared in numerous magazine editorials such as "Teen Vogue" and "Arena".


title: Colton Haynes

text: He made an uncredited appearance in the 2007 blockbuster "Transformers". He also appeared on "" and "The Hills". In addition to guest roles, in April 2007, Haynes acted in My Chemical Romance's music video for their single "I Don't Love You", directed by Marc Webb. Later that year, Haynes auditioned for the role of Edward Cullen in the film version of Stephenie Meyer's young adult novel "Twilight", but Robert Pattinson was cast instead.


title: Colton Haynes

text: In 2008, he appeared on the television series "Privileged" and "Pushing Daisies". He played Scott Holland in the Hallmark Channel film "Always and Forever". Filming began in December 2008, and the film was released to television on October 24, 2009. It was announced in 2009 that Haynes had won the role of Shane in the Showtime series "", based on the 2007 film of the same name. "I play a 17-year-old asshole. The show is very racy with lots of nudity, sex, drugs and real-life experiences that will shock audiences," Haynes said in an interview. The show premiered in 2010 and was cancelled after its first season. In March 2010, filming began for the ABC television series "The Gates", in which Haynes portrays Brett Crezski, a jock who begins to turn into a werewolf. The series premiered on June 20, 2010. The short-lived show was cancelled after its first season.


title: Colton Haynes

text: Haynes landed the role of Jackson Whittemore in the 2011 MTV series "Teen Wolf", based on the 1985 film of the same name. In October 2012, Haynes revealed he was leaving the show after two seasons, stating "I'm sad that this chapter has ended, but excited for a new one to begin." Beginning in 2012, he was a recurring member on The CW's "Arrow", playing Roy Harper, a street thug who idolizes the Arrow and later becomes his protégé, Arsenal. Haynes was upgraded to series regular status on "Arrow" for season two. Haynes left the series at the end of season three, but made a guest appearance in the season four episode "Unchained".


title: Colton Haynes

text: In September 2012, he appeared in Leona Lewis's music video "Trouble", playing the part of her boyfriend. In July 2013, he starred in Victoria Justice's music video "Gold". Haynes began foraying further into the music industry that same year by covering a song, "19 You+Me", with New Heights, before releasing a single with Travis-Atreo called "Baby It's Christmas". In December 2014, he also made a cameo appearance in Andy Grammer's music video "Honey, I'm Good".


title: Colton Haynes

text: In 2014, Haynes returned to his modeling roots by participating in Abercrombie & Fitch's "Making of a Star" campaign.


title: Colton Haynes

text: Haynes' first credited feature film role was in the 2015 film "San Andreas". He followed "San Andreas" with a role in the comedy "Rough Night", released in mid-2017. Haynes featured in the 2018 film "Bigger" as Jack LaLanne, reuniting with "Teen Wolf" co-star Tyler Hoechlin. In June 2017, Haynes joined the cast of "". Later that year, Haynes rejoined "Arrow", reprising his role as Roy Harper in the sixth season of the show in a guest capacity. In April 2018, it was announced that Haynes had signed to return as a series regular on the seventh season of "Arrow". In August 2019, he confirmed he would not return as a regular for "Arrow"s eighth and final season, but added that Roy is "never gone for too long". Two months later, it was announced that Haynes would appear in a recurring role in the final season.


title: Colton Haynes

text: In 2022, Haynes released a memoir, "Miss Memory Lane". Elton John described it as a "brutally honest memoir that socks you in the gut with its candor. Colton Haynes is a true survivor and shows us how conquering our demons in life is a never-ending journey."


title: Colton Haynes

text: Haynes has struggled with anxiety all his life. In January 2016, after years of public speculation concerning his "secret gay past", an off-the-cuff response he made on Tumblr regarding a comment on photos that appeared in gay lifestyle magazine "XY" a decade before was taken by many media outlets as confirmation of his coming out. Not yet ready to speak openly about his sexual orientation, the renewed attention led Haynes to seek treatment for his anxiety for the next three months. He later publicly came out as gay in an interview in "Entertainment Weekly" in May 2016. Haynes revealed that he had concealed his sexuality based on advice from entertainment industry insiders who told him that being open about the topic would hinder his career.


title: Colton Haynes

text: Haynes and celebrity florist Jeff Leatham became engaged on March 11, 2017. They were married on October 27, 2017. In May 2018, Haynes filed for divorce from Leatham, but the pair reconciled before their first wedding anniversary. However, in August 2019, they reached a divorce settlement.


title: Colton Haynes

text: In November 2017, Haynes was nominated to "Out" magazine's "OUT100" for 2017 in recognition of his coming out, his "self-actualization" and his professional work.


title: Colton Haynes

text: Haynes' mother, Dana, died as a result of cirrhosis in March 2018. His sister died in April 2020 after a long battle against cancer.


title: Colton Haynes

text: In March 2019, Haynes spoke publicly about his experience with alcohol and drug addiction, stating, "In 10 years, there were maybe 25 days I didn't drink. I remember when I started, it was a couple glasses of wine, and it regressed into really dark times." He recounted going through a treatment program that lasted four months to address the substance use.


title: Megan Ellison

text: Margaret Elizabeth Ellison (born January 31, 1986) is an American film producer and entrepreneur. She is the founder of Annapurna Pictures, established in 2011. She produced the films "Zero Dark Thirty" (2012), "Her" (2013), "American Hustle" (2013), and "Phantom Thread" (2017), all of which have earned her Oscar nominations. In 2014, Ellison was included in the annual "Time" 100 list of the most influential people in the world. She also received a Tony Award for Best Musical as a producer for the musical "A Strange Loop".


title: Megan Ellison

text: Megan Ellison was born in Santa Clara County, California, the daughter of Oracle Corporation co-founder and chairman, multibillionaire Larry Ellison, and his ex-wife, Barbara Boothe Ellison. Her father is of Jewish and Italian descent. She has a brother, film producer David Ellison, who founded Skydance Media. Ellison graduated from Sacred Heart Preparatory in 2004 and attended film school at the University of Southern California for one year.


title: Megan Ellison

text: Ellison landed her first film credit in 2005 as a boom operator for the short film "When All Else Fails", a thriller written and directed by her brother David Ellison. Ellison then began to finance low-budget movies such as "Waking Madison" and "Passion Play". The success of the Coen Brothers' "True Grit" in 2010, on which she worked as an executive producer, brought her attention and credibility and launched her career as a producer.


title: Megan Ellison

text: Ellison started out in the film business in 2006 when she contacted Katherine Brooks, the writer and director of "Loving Annabelle", about investing in the filmmaker's next movie. The duo made plans for "Waking Madison", starring Elisabeth Shue, which told the story of a woman who tries to cure her multiple personality disorder by locking herself in a room without food for 30 days. Ellison financed the film that was reported to have a budget of $2 million. Principal photography took place in 2007. It screened at the Newport Beach Film Festival in 2011 and went straight to DVD in July of that year.


title: Megan Ellison

text: Ellison provided some financing for more movies in 2008 and 2009. The first was "Main Street" starring Colin Firth. It received little attention at film festivals and failed to gain general release. "Passion Play", also made in 2009, got a release but fared poorly at the box office despite a well-known cast of popular actors. However, her investment in the Coen brothers western remake "True Grit" paid off as that movie found major commercial and critical success when released at the end of 2010.