title: Vampire Weekend

text: The then-nascent influence of blog hype and internet buzz played a role in their success and led to a large prerelease following sufficient to support them performing on three tours before their debut album was released. They were declared "The Year's Best New Band" by "Spin" magazine in the March 2008 issue, and were the first band to be shot for the cover of the magazine before releasing their debut album. The band made a television appearance on "The Late Show with David Letterman" on February 1, 2008, and on March 8, 2008, performed on "Saturday Night Live." Four songs from the band's first album also made the Triple J Hottest 100, 2008. The internet hype had its backlash, however, as critics reacted against a perceived image of Vampire Weekend as privileged, upper-class Ivy League graduates stealing from foreign musicians. One critic went so far as to call Vampire Weekend the "whitest band in the world," to which they took exception, given their Ukrainian, Persian, Italian, and Hungarian heritages. Koenig responded in a November 2009 interview by saying, "Nobody in our band is a WASP." Furthermore, the backlash involving their social backgrounds was largely unfounded, as Koenig explained in the interview that the band members got into Columbia on scholarship and used student loans; he himself was still paying off student loans in 2009.


title: Vampire Weekend

text: The band's first album, "Vampire Weekend", was released January 29, 2008 and is ranked number 430 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time and has been hailed as one of the greatest debut albums. It featured a blend of Afropop influences, indie pop, and chamber music elements. A success in the US and UK, it peaked at number 15 on the UK Albums Chart and number 17 on the "Billboard" 200 and had been certified Platinum in both countries. Four singles were released from the album; while "A-Punk" peaked at number 25 on the "Billboard" Modern rock chart and number 55 on the UK Singles Chart, "Oxford Comma" peaked at number 38 in the UK. "A-Punk" was ranked the 4th on "Rolling Stone's" Readers' Rock List: Best Songs of 2008. "A-Punk" was also used to open the Will Ferrell/John C. Reilly feature "Step Brothers", and featured in the UK television show "The Inbetweeners" and the video games "Guitar Hero 5", "Just Dance 2" and "Lego Rock Band".


title: Vampire Weekend

text: The band's second album, "Contra", was released on January 11, 2010, in the UK and the following day in the US, after being pushed back from the original release date for the fall of 2009. The album's first single, "Horchata", was released on October 5, 2009. The album's second single, "Cousins", was released as a single on November 17, 2009. Initial copies of the CD and LP sold at independent record stores in the US included a 3-track bonus CD containing two "melts", which featured bits of album tracks and a remix.


title: Vampire Weekend

text: It is the band's first album to reach number one on the "Billboard" 200, and the 12th independently distributed album in history to reach the number one spot on the "Billboard" 200 since Nielsen Soundscan began recording data in 1991, while also being the first independent artist to have done so without ever having signed with a major label, after already established rock bands Radiohead and Pearl Jam and before Arcade Fire's "The Suburbs". The album sold 124,000 copies in its first week and was awarded Gold by the RIAA on November 21, 2011, which means it has sold over 500,000 units in the US alone and over one million copies Worldwide. In 2010, it was awarded a diamond certification from the Independent Music Companies Association which indicated sales of at least 250,000 copies throughout Europe.


title: Vampire Weekend

text: On January 9, 2010, the band did an acoustic show for "MTV Unplugged". The following month, the band toured Europe and Canada with Canadian electro duo Fan Death as their support. The video for their next single "Giving Up the Gun" was also released on February 18, 2010, which included cameos from Joe Jonas, Lil Jon, RZA, and Jake Gyllenhaal.


title: Vampire Weekend

text: They also played festivals across the USA such as Coachella, Bonnaroo, Austin City Limits Music Festival, All Points West, and the Groovin' The Moo festival in Australia. Their third single, "Holiday", was released on June 7, 2010.


title: Vampire Weekend

text: On June 25, 2010, the band played the Pyramid Stage at Glastonbury Festival, in Pilton, Somerset, UK. The band were also on the main stage at T in the Park 2010 at Balado Kinross, Scotland, on June 8, and played the Oxegen Festival in Ireland on July 9. They also headlined the Latitude Festival in Suffolk, UK on July 18. On July 16, the band headlined the Main Stage at the Festival Internacional de Benicàssim. In the summer of 2010 the band played at the Utopia stage on Peace and Love, Sweden's biggest Festival. On July 30, 2010, the band played at Jisan Valley Rock Festival in South Korea.


title: Vampire Weekend

text: In 2010, Vampire Weekend embarked on a North American tour with Beach House and Dum Dum Girls. The tour started off on August 27, 2010, in Vancouver, British Columbia at the Malkin Bowl. Koenig mentioned to the audience that before this concert, the band had the longest "vacation period" that they had had in a while.


title: Vampire Weekend

text: "Contra" was nominated for a Grammy for Best Alternative Music Album, but lost to The Black Keys's "Brothers".


title: Vampire Weekend

text: On November 11, 2011, it was revealed that Vampire Weekend had been in the studio, writing and recording material for their third album. On April 26, 2012, "Rolling Stone" reported that the new album could be released by the end of the year. Koenig said, "We do have a ton of stuff. It would be cool if it was [released] this year...We just never want to be in a position [where] when we put out something, we feel could've benefited from more time." Until its release, the band was discreet about the details of the next album, stating that a band "can give a bunch of interviews when they're working on stuff" but they "don't want something [they] said six months ago to influence how people hear it when it's done."


title: Vampire Weekend

text: In January 2012, President Barack Obama added Vampire Weekend to a short list of musical artists that he sought support from for his re-election campaign. Vampire Weekend made it onto this list with Jay-Z, John Legend, and Alicia Keys.


title: Vampire Weekend

text: "Modern Vampires of the City" was released in May 2013, and written and recorded in various locations including SlowDeath Studios in New York, Echo Park "Back House" in Los Angeles, Vox Recording Studios in Hollywood, Rostam Batmanglij's New York apartment and a guest house on Martha's Vineyard. The album was co-produced by Batmanglij and Ariel Rechtshaid. After Batmanglij produced the first two albums himself, this marked the first time the band worked with an outside producer on any of their records.


title: Vampire Weekend

text: In an interview for the February 2013 edition of "Q" (released in mid-January), Koenig described the upcoming album as "darker and more organic" and "very much the last of a trilogy." Said Koenig, "Things that we might have found boring in the past, we've started to find more fresh. This album has more piano and acoustic guitar and organ." "Modern Vampires of the City" also continued the use of digital voice modulation as heard in the songs "Diane Young" and "Ya Hey", a technique first used in the song "California English" on "Contra" The album was recorded and co-produced by Ariel Rechtshaid in his Los Angeles Studio (alongside Batmanglij). The band discussed the album with "The FADER" and appeared on the cover of the magazine's 84th issue. On March 16, 2013, the band played the closing show at Stubbs on the last day of the SXSW festival in Austin, Texas. In the show they played two new songs from the upcoming album: "Diane Young" and "Ya Hey". On March 18, 2013, Vampire Weekend released a double-sided single, "Diane Young"/"Step". On May 11, 2013, Vampire Weekend were featured as the musical guest on "Saturday Night Live" with Kristen Wiig hosting, their third time on the show.


title: Vampire Weekend

text: Released on May 14, 2013, the album debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard chart, marking the second time Vampire Weekend has achieved the feat: its second album "Contra" also debuted at No. 1 in 2010, making them the first independent rock band to enter the charts at No. 1 with two consecutive releases. "Modern Vampires of the City" also shattered the previous record for first week vinyl sales, moving nearly 10,000 units on vinyl alone and debuting at No. 1 on the Soundscan Vinyl Charts. Additionally, the band charted #1 at Indie, Alternative, Digital and the top 200. In 2014, "Modern Vampires of the City" won a Grammy for Best Alternative Music Album.


title: Vampire Weekend

text: To promote the album, XL Recordings released "Diane Young" and "Step" as a double A-sided single on March 19, 2013. "Modern Vampires of the City" was released by XL on May 14. and Vampire Weekend played several concerts and music festivals shortly after, eventually embarking on a larger supporting tour throughout late 2013, beginning with a show at the Mann Center for the Performing Arts in Philadelphia on September 19. John Gentile of "Rolling Stone" reported that the band headlined "some of their largest venues to date" on the tour.


title: Vampire Weekend

text: In the album's first week of release, it debuted number one on the "Billboard" 200 and sold 134,000 copies in the United States. It was Vampire Weekend's second consecutive number-one record on the chart, as well as the nineteenth independently distributed album to top the "Billboard" 200 in the Nielsen SoundScan era (1991–present). The record entered the British album charts at number three with first-week sales of 27,805 copies, becoming the group's third consecutive top-twenty album in the United Kingdom. By December 2014, it had been certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America and sold 505,000 copies in the US. In 2014, it was awarded a diamond certification from the Independent Music Companies Association, which indicated sales of at least 250,000 copies throughout Europe and has sold over one million copies worldwide.


title: Vampire Weekend

text: In September 2020, "Modern Vampires of the City " was put by Rolling Stone in their new list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, ranking at position 328.


title: Vampire Weekend

text: After remaining quiet following the conclusion of their "Modern Vampires" tour, which wrapped up in September 2014, it was revealed on January 26, 2016, that Rostam Batmanglij had departed the band. He noted that he and Koenig would continue to collaborate. Later the same day, Koenig announced that Vampire Weekend was in the studio working on their upcoming fourth album, with Batmanglij contributing to the record. The album's working title was revealed to be "Mitsubishi Macchiato".


title: Vampire Weekend

text: In January 2016, the band performed in Iowa for a Bernie Sanders rally two days before the Iowa primaries. The band members Rostam Batmanglij and Chris Baio were replaced by David Longstreth and Nat Baldwin (both from Dirty Projectors) and an all female a cappella group from the University of Iowa, due to Batmanglij's departure from the band and Baio being on tour with his side project. Lead vocalist Ezra Koenig expressed his support for the candidate in various ways through social media and on his Beats 1 show "Time Crisis".


title: Vampire Weekend

text: In April 2016, the band briefly performed at a rally for presidential candidate Bernie Sanders in Washington Square Park. Koenig has been a well-known supporter of Sanders, after discussions on his Beats 1 radio show, "Time Crisis". The band performed live with Dave Longstreth of the Dirty Projectors, which marked their first performance as a trio.


title: Vampire Weekend

text: In late 2016, Koenig was reportedly in talks to sign the band with Columbia Records, as he reportedly "hit it off" with executive Rob Stringer. Initially, this news was regarded a rumor, until the band's website revamp in 2018, in which a Sony Music copyright appeared on the site.


title: Vampire Weekend

text: In March 2017, Koenig revealed in an elaborate Instagram update that during 2016 he had spent countless hours researching and writing music in libraries with grad students. Additionally, he revealed that the album, given the working title of "Mitsubishi Macchiato", would feature a more 'spring-time' vibe and one of the songs would be entitled "Flower Moon". Koenig revealed that LP4 would be partially inspired by the songwriting of country singer, Kacey Musgraves, after he attended one of her shows in September 2016. In an interview with Stereogum, he stated, "I’m the type of person who has spent hours poring over the avant-garde poetic lyrics of certain songwriters, and there was something that felt so good [about how] from the first verse, you knew who was singing, who they were singing to, what kind of situation they were in. After the show I realized there’s not a ton of Vampire Weekend songs where you could listen to the first verse and immediately answer the question of who’s singing and who are they singing to.” Furthermore, in a September 2017 interview with Zane Lowe, Ezra briefly spoke about "LP4" and stated that it was "about 80% done." He mentioned that the album would feature lead producer Ariel Rechtshaid with additional "guest appearances", one of which being Batmanglij. Lowe pushed Koenig for a release date, citing Q1 2018 as a likely candidate. In a December 2017 interview, Koenig noted that Batmanglij was involved in a few songs, some of which was material that they had started working on long ago, and that their method of collaboration had not changed despite the latter's departure from the band.


title: Vampire Weekend

text: Vampire Weekend's first gigs since the hiatus took place in Ojai, California on June 16 & 17. On January 31, 2018, it was announced that the band would be headlining the UK music festival End of the Road. The festival ran from August 31 to September 3 and marked Vampire Weekend's first return to a festival stage in 4 years. On July 21, they performed in Byron Bay for the Australian festival, Splendour in the Grass. Additionally, it was announced that they would headline the 2018 Fuji Rock Festival, scheduled for July 27 to 29. For their live shows, the core trio of Koenig, Baio, and Tomson has been augmented by Greta Morgan on keyboards, guitar, and vocals, Brian Robert Jones on guitar, Garrett Ray on percussion, drums, and vocals, and Will Canzoneri on keyboards and vocals. During their August 4, 2018 performance at Lollapalooza, where the band played fan favorite "A-Punk" three times in a row, Koenig announced that Vampire Weekend's 4th album was done.


title: Vampire Weekend

text: On January 17, 2019, Koenig announced the abbreviation of the band's fourth album title as "FOTB", and revealed that the album would consist of 18 songs, running at approximately 59 minutes. Additionally, he announced that the album would be promoted by three monthly two-song releases, beginning the following week. On January 24, the songs "Harmony Hall" and "2021" were released, and Koenig confirmed the title of the album as "Father of the Bride". He also said that the record would feature an array of collaborators, including Batmanglij, marking the first time the band has included guest vocalists in an album. In an interview with "Rolling Stone", Koenig said, "We've had three albums of the same voice over and over again. I like the idea of opening up our world a little bit." He also confirmed that "2021" features a Haruomi Hosono sample, and said that he planned to start work on Vampire Weekend's fifth album. The band's current touring approach is influenced by Phish, the Grateful Dead and other jam bands. Contemporary fans mirror these influences in their Deadhead inspired creation of unofficial merchandise including shirts, shorts, tie-dyes, and bucket hats. "Father of the Bride" became the band's third consecutive album to debut at number one on the "Billboard" 200.


title: Vampire Weekend

text: At the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards, the band received three nominations: Album of the Year and Best Alternative Music Album for "Father of the Bride" and Best Rock Song for "Harmony Hall". They won for Best Alternative Music Album (their second win in the category). In 2020, the "Live in Florida" EP featuring songs from the Father of the Bride Tour was released. On February 4, 2021, Vampire Weekend released the "40:42" EP featuring reinterpretations of their song "2021" from "Father of the Bride". Two artists were commissioned to expand the song into twenty-minute and twenty-one-second versions.


title: Vampire Weekend

text: In 2010, the band, along with their record company XL Recordings and photographer Tod Scott Brody, were sued by Kirsten Kennis, the model on the cover of "Contra", over the use of her image. Kennis's accusations were that the band used her image without her permission. Vampire Weekend settled with Kennis in 2011.


title: Vampire Weekend

text: Vampire Weekend contributed a cover of "Exit Music (For a Film)" for "" (2007), a free tribute album celebrating 10 years of Radiohead's album "OK Computer". They have also covered "Everywhere" by Fleetwood Mac, "Ça Plane Pour Moi" by Plastic Bertrand, "I'm Goin' Down" by Bruce Springsteen, "Have I the Right?" by The Honeycombs, "Blurred Lines" by Robin Thicke, "Fight For This Love" by Cheryl Cole, and "Ruby Soho" by Rancid.


title: Vampire Weekend

text: The band also contributed the song "Ottoman" to the soundtrack to the 2008 film "Nick and Norah's Infinite Playlist". That song was then sampled by alternative hip-hop artist Kid Cudi. Two tracks from their debut record also appeared in the 2009 comedy "I Love You, Man". A new song, "Jonathan Low", was released on June 8, 2010, appearing on the soundtrack to the third installment of the Twilight Saga films, "". Their song "Worship You" appeared as a soundtrack in EA Sports football video game, "FIFA 14".


title: Vampire Weekend

text: In 2014, Vampire Weekend contributed a cover of "Con te Partiro" by Andrea Bocelli on the Valentine's Day compilation, Sweetheart 2014. Vampire Weekend also contributed a cover of Bruce Springsteen's "I'm Goin' Down" on the "Girls" Vol. 2 Soundtrack.


title: Glen Matlock

text: Glen Matlock (born 27 August 1956) is an English musician, best known for being the bass guitarist in the original line-up of the punk rock band the Sex Pistols. He is credited as a songwriter on 10 of the 12 songs on the Sex Pistols' only album, "Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols", although he had left the band early in the recording process, credited as bassist and backing vocalist on only two songs on the album, "Anarchy in the U.K." and "God Save The Queen".


title: Glen Matlock

text: Since leaving the Sex Pistols in 1977, he has performed with several other bands, as well as presented his own work. After the death of his replacement in the Sex Pistols, Sid Vicious, Matlock has resumed bass guitar duties for subsequent Sex Pistols reunions, including the 1996 Filthy Lucre Tour, the 2002 concert to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II, their 2003 North American Piss Off Tour, and their 2007–08 UK and Europe Combine Harvester Tour.


title: Glen Matlock

text: Matlock attended Saint Martin's School of Art until 1974. He was the original bass player of the Sex Pistols, having been introduced to guitarist Steve Jones and drummer Paul Cook while working in SEX, Malcolm McLaren's clothing boutique in London. He is credited as co-writer on 10 of the 12 songs appearing on the album "Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols", and as bassist and backing vocalist on the song "Anarchy in the U.K.". However, his overall contribution to the album has been disputed: Jones said in a 2011 interview he was "tired of Matlock's claims that he had co-written some of the punk icon's biggest tunes", stating that he himself had written as many songs as Matlock, whilst Matlock himself notes in his autobiography, "I Was a Teenage Sex Pistol", that the band only wrote two songs after his departure. According to a 2014 interview, he played a big role in writing the songs that appeared on the album. Cook has stated that Matlock actually wrote most of the songs on the album. Additionally, whilst Jones has insisted that Matlock disliked many of Johnny Rotten's lyrics, Matlock has said that he had no issue with them.


title: Glen Matlock

text: Matlock left the band in late February 1977, with contemporary reports (given to news outlets by manager Malcolm McLaren) stating that he was 'thrown out' because he liked the Beatles. The claim was fictional, with Steve Huey of AllMusic claiming that Matlock "was even more enamored of The Faces and the mod groups prominently featured on London pirate radio in the late '60s, as were Steve Jones and Paul Cook". Another claim, made at the time by Jones, that he thought it bizarre that Matlock was "always washing his feet", has also been misquoted and misinterpreted as the cause of Matlock's firing from the group.


title: Glen Matlock

text: In "I Was a Teenage Sex Pistol", Matlock stated that he left the band of his own volition as he was "sick of all the bullshit". In the 2000 documentary "The Filth and the Fury", the band members generally agree that there was tension between Matlock and Rotten, which Matlock suggests was further aggravated by Malcolm McLaren in an attempt to generate chaos within the band as a creative mechanism.


title: Glen Matlock

text: In his autobiography, "", John Lydon stated that Matlock worked on Sex Pistols material (including their album "Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols"), after he had left the band, as a paid session musician. However, Matlock denied the "session musician" label, stating that all but two of the songs appearing on the album had already been recorded as singles or b-sides before his departure. Jones played bass on the two songs recorded after Matlock's departure and overdubbed some additional parts on other existing songs, with Vicious also contributing to the song "Bodies". Music historian David Howard states that Matlock did not participate in any of the "Never Mind the Bollocks" recording sessions. In the 2002 Classic Albums documentary about "Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols", Jones stated that in retrospect, pushing Matlock out of the band was a mistake: "We were what we were. Who cares if he washed his feet? That was him. I'm sure I had things that bugged him". Jones said that the group would have recorded more albums if Matlock had stayed in the band and they had not participated in the television interview with Bill Grundy.


title: Glen Matlock

text: Matlock went on to form Rich Kids, a new wave power pop band, with himself as bass guitarist and singer, Midge Ure (guitarist, singer and keyboard player), Steve New (guitarist and singer) and Rusty Egan (drummer). They released three singles and one album entitled "Ghosts of Princes in Towers" (which reached #51). Matlock and New later played with Vicious in the short-lived band Vicious White Kids.


title: Glen Matlock

text: After Rich Kids, he formed the Spectres with Tom Robinson Band guitarist Danny Kustow, and subsequently Mick Hanson, and then Hot Club in 1982 with guitarist James Stevenson and singer Steve Allen. Matlock also played bass on the Iggy Pop album "Soldier" and The Damned album "Not of This Earth". Under the moniker Rhode-Twinn, Matlock (and Steve New) was brought to play on Gary Twinn's 1990 single "Bike Boy" on Bernard Rhodes' own Sacred record label. Twinn and Matlock stayed in touch and began writing and recording with The Damned drummer Rat Scabies and Generation X guitarist Bob "Derwood" Andrews as Dead Horse in 1996. A US tour was arranged, but almost immediately Matlock reunited with the Sex Pistols and the group was disbanded.


title: Glen Matlock

text: Matlock rejoined the original Sex Pistols members for reunion tours in 1996, 2002, 2003, 2007 and 2008. He played bass guitar and sang for a time in the bands The Philistines and The Flying Padovanis. He toured with a loose collective of punk and post-punk stars, Dead Men Walking, which included Mike Peters of The Alarm, Kirk Brandon of Theatre of Hate and Spear of Destiny, and Pete Wylie of Wah! He is now a member of Slinky Vagabond with Earl Slick, Clem Burke and Keanan Duffty. Slinky Vagabond played their debut concert at the Joey Ramone Birthday Bash in May 2007. One newspaper, comparing the current lifestyles of the Sex Pistols, wrote: "Only original bassist Glen Matlock remains touring with his own band, an irony given that he was sacked for being too conservative".


title: Glen Matlock

text: In January 2010, Glen Matlock reformed Rich Kids for a one-off benefit concert in aid of Steve New. He was joined on stage by original members Rusty Egan and Midge Ure, as well as Mick Jones of The Clash and Gary Kemp from Spandau Ballet. New died of cancer on 24 May 2010.


title: Glen Matlock

text: Matlock joined a reformed Faces, playing at the Vintage at Goodwood festival near Chichester in August 2010. In April 2011, he stood in for Mani playing bass for Primal Scream at the Japan Tsunami appeal concert at Brixton Academy in London.


title: Glen Matlock

text: In late 2011, The International Swingers, a band comprising Matlock, Clem Burke, James Stevenson and Gary Twinn, was formed. The band, based in Los Angeles, toured Australia and continues to perform occasionally.


title: Glen Matlock

text: In 2012, Matlock made his acting debut in British drama film "The Paddy Lincoln Gang", performing a docudrama scene at a live Faces concert.


title: Glen Matlock

text: In 2013 and 2014 he toured with the New York Dolls' Sylvain Sylvain on the Sex Dolls Tour. He has spoken publicly against Brexit.


title: Glen Matlock

text: Matlock joined Blondie for their April 2022 UK and US tour, filling in for bassist Leigh Foxx who was unable to tour due to a back injury.


title: Glen Matlock

text: Matlock is portrayed by Christian Lees in the 2022 Craig Pearce - Danny Boyle FX biographical drama miniseries Pistol.


title: Emirate of Dubai

text: The Emirate of Dubai (; pr. ) is one of the seven emirates of the United Arab Emirates. It is the most populous emirate of the UAE. The capital of the emirate is the eponymous city, Dubai.


title: Emirate of Dubai

text: The city of Dubai is located on the coast of the Persian Gulf, while the Emirate stretches inland and is bordered to the south by the emirate of Abu Dhabi, to the northeast by the emirate of Sharjah, to the southeast by the country of Oman, to the east by the emirate of Ajman, and to the north by the emirate of Ras Al Khaimah.


title: Emirate of Dubai

text: In the early 19th century, the coastal township of Dubai was located within the territorial lands of the Bani Yas tribe, however Dubai was also on the borderlands near the control of the powerful Al Qasimi clan. This caused both groups to assert authority over the town.


title: Emirate of Dubai

text: In the 19th century, pearls were the main commodity of the region, with buyers from Mumbai, commerce peaked in 1897.


title: Emirate of Dubai

text: In 1901, Maktoum bin Hasher Al Maktoum established Dubai as a free port with no taxation on imports or exports and also gave merchants parcels of land and guarantees of protection and tolerance. These policies saw a movement of merchants not only directly from Lingeh, but also those who had settled in Ras Al Khaimah and Sharjah (which had historical links with Lingeh through the Al Qawasim tribe) to Dubai. An indicator of the growing importance of Dubai can be gained from the movements of the steamer of the Bombay and Persia Steam Navigation Company, which from 1899 to 1901 paid five visits annually to Dubai. In 1902 the company's vessels made 21 visits to Dubai and from 1904 on, the steamers called fortnightly – in 1906, trading 70,000 tonnes of cargo. The frequency of these vessels helped to accelerate Dubai's role as an emerging port and trading hub of preference. British historian John Lorimer noted the transfer of merchants from Lingeh "bids fair to become complete and permanent", and also that the town had by 1906 supplanted Lingeh as the chief entrepôt of the Trucial States. By 1908, Dubai was home to a population of some 10,000 people.


title: Emirate of Dubai

text: By the 1930s and 1940s, the pearl business crashed due to cultured pearls from Japan. The economy crashed which triggered a famine. Hopes were reignited when in 1937 an oil exploration contract was signed which guaranteed royalty rights for Dubai and concessionary payments to Sheikh Saeed bin Maktoum. However, due to World War II, oil would not be struck until 1966 at the Fateh oil field.


title: Emirate of Dubai

text: In December 1971, the emirates united to form the United Arab Emirates, thus ending their status as British Protectorates.


title: Emirate of Dubai

text: The ruler of the emirate is Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum. The emirate is made up of various other municipalities and villages. The inland exclave of Hatta is located about 134 km east of the city of Dubai. The exclave is bordered by Oman to the east and south, the villages of Sayh Mudayrah and Masfout in Ajman to the west, and Ras Al Khaimah to the north.


title: Piranha 3D

text: Piranha 3D is a 2010 American 3D horror comedy film that serves as a loose remake of the comedy horror film "Piranha" (1978) and an entry in the "Piranha" film series. Directed by Alexandre Aja and written by Pete Goldfinger and Josh Stolberg, the film stars Elisabeth Shue, Adam Scott, Jerry O'Connell, Ving Rhames, Jessica Szohr, Steven R. McQueen, Christopher Lloyd and Richard Dreyfuss. During spring break on Lake Victoria, a popular waterside resort, an underground tremor releases hundreds of prehistoric, carnivorous piranhas into the lake. Local cop Julie Forester (Elisabeth Shue) must join forces with a band of unlikely strangers—though they are badly outnumbered—to destroy the ravenous creatures before everyone becomes fish food.


title: Piranha 3D

text: "Piranha 3D" was theatrically released in the United States on August 30, 2010, by Dimension Films. The film received generally positive reviews, with film critics praising it as a fun and entertaining B-movie. It was a box office success, grossing over $83 million worldwide against a $24 million budget. A sequel, "Piranha 3DD", was released in 2012 to critical and commercial failure.


title: Piranha 3D

text: Fisherman Matt Boyd is fishing in Lake Victoria, Arizona when a small earthquake hits, splitting the lake floor and causing a whirlpool. Boyd falls in and is eaten by a school of prehistoric piranhas that emerge from the chasm.


title: Piranha 3D

text: As spring break begins, Jake Forester reunites with his old crush Kelly and meets her arrogant boyfriend, Todd Dupree. Jake meets Derrick Jones, a sleazy pornographer as well as Danni, one of his actresses. Derrick convinces Jake to show him good spots on the lake for filming a pornographic movie. Jake's mother, Sheriff Julie Forester, searches for the missing Matt Boyd with Deputy Fallon. They find his mutilated body and contemplate closing the lake. However, this decision is made difficult with thousands of partying college students on spring break, which is important for bringing revenue to the small town. The next morning, a lone cliff diver is attacked and devoured by the piranhas.


title: Piranha 3D

text: Jake's siblings Zane and Laura take a canoe to go fishing on a small sandbar island and become stranded in the middle of the lake due to Zane neglecting to properly secure the canoe. Jake runs into Kelly, who accepted Derrick's invitation on board his boat, and meets Derrick's other actress Crystal and his cameraman Andrew.


title: Piranha 3D

text: Julie takes a team of seismologist divers: Novak, Sam, and Paula to the fissure. Novak speculates that the rift leads to a buried prehistoric lake. Paula and Sam scuba dive to the bottom and discover a big cavern filled with large piranha egg stocks. Both are eaten by the piranhas before they can alert the others. Novak and Julie find Paula's corpse and pull it onto the boat, capturing a lone piranha, which they take to Carl Goodman, a retired marine biologist. He explains that this piranha is a super aggressive prehistoric species known as "Pygocentrus nattereri", or the Original Piranha, long believed to have been extinct for over 2 million years and theorizes that the piranhas must have survived through cannibalism. The species is able to vigorously devour its prey in seconds.


title: Piranha 3D

text: Julie, Novak, Fallon and Deputy Taylor Roberts try to evacuate the lake but their warnings are ignored until the piranhas begin to attack the tourists, turning the party into a bloodbath. Novak boards a jet-ski with a shotgun to help while the rest of the team try to save the others. Almost everyone in the lake is either brutally wounded or killed by the piranhas, including Todd, who attempts to escape but his boat's motor is snagged by a random party-goer and his boat quickly mobbed and capsized.


title: Piranha 3D

text: Meanwhile, Jake spots Laura and Zane on the island and forces Derrick to rescue them. Derrick crashes the boat, flooding the lower deck and causing the boat to begin sinking. Kelly is trapped in the kitchen while Derrick, Crystal and Andrew fall overboard. Andrew escapes to the shore alive while the piranhas feast on Crystal. Danni manages to get a partially-eaten Derrick back on board, where he eventually dies.


title: Piranha 3D

text: Deputy Fallon makes a last stand, taking a boat motor and using its propeller as a makeshift chainsaw to shred many piranhas, with the cost of his legs. Julie and Novak reach Jake on a speedboat and attach a rope to his boat. Julie, Danni, Laura and Zane start crossing the rope but the piranhas latch onto Danni's hair, causing her to fall into the water, where she is ripped apart and devoured. The others make it across safely but the rope comes loose. Jake ties the line to himself and goes to save Kelly. He ties her to him and lights a flare after releasing the gas from stored propane tanks. Novak speeds the boat away just as the piranhas surround Kelly and Jake. They are dragged to safety as the propane tanks explode, killing most of the piranhas.


title: Piranha 3D

text: A terrified Mr. Goodman calls Julie, who tells him that they seem to have killed the majority of the piranhas. Goodman tells her that the reproductive glands on the piranha they obtained were not mature, which means the fish they have killed were only the babies. As Novak wonders aloud where the mature ones are, an adult human-sized piranha leaps out of the water and eats him.


title: Piranha 3D

text: Richard Dreyfuss said that he accepted the role after Bob Weinstein persuaded him by offering him a larger salary, which Dreyfuss later donated to charity. Dreyfuss also stated that the ill-fated character he plays is a parody and a near-reincarnation of Matt Hooper, the character he portrayed in the film "Jaws" (1975), with whom his character shares the same first name. "Jaws" was the inspiration for the first movie in the "Piranha" film series, 1978's "Piranha". The song the character in "Piranha 3D" listens to on the radio on his boat is "Show Me the Way to Go Home", which Richard Dreyfuss, Roy Scheider and Robert Shaw sing together aboard Quint's boat the "Orca" in "Jaws".


title: Piranha 3D

text: Eli Roth, Ashlynn Brooke, Bonnie Morgan, Genevieve Alexandra and Gianna Michaels appear as spring breakers who meet gruesome demises, while Franck Khalfoun and Jason Spisak portray deputies.


title: Piranha 3D

text: Joe Dante (director of the original "Piranha") and James Cameron (director of "") were chosen to be roles of boat captains who give safety lessons to the teens. But this role was turn down because Cameron was too busy.


title: Piranha 3D

text: Then-up-and-coming screenwriters Josh Stolberg and Pete Goldfinger wrote a spec script entitled "Killer Fish" for producer J. Todd Harris, the rights owner hired for "Piranha" due to their limited credentials at the time. Harris was impressed with the script and the duo were officially hired. In 2004, hot off the success of his film "High Tension", French director Alexandre Aja was given an offer to direct the film, titled "Piranha: Lake Havasu". Aja admired the script but wanted to tone down the script's comedic aspects in favor of more "suspense and tension". By June 2005, Chuck Russell was scheduled to direct the film, and made heavy rewrites to the Stolberg/Goldfinger draft, as well as incorporating elements from the original John Sayles script that Joe Dante directed the first time around. Chiller Films and Mark Canton were slated to produce the film, while Dimension Films acquired the distribution rights in January 2006. Russell's vision for the film, which would have cost an estimated $23 million, was described as an "underwater thriller" as opposed to Stolberg and Goldfinger's draft, which took place during spring break. By December 2006, filming was planned to begin in spring 2007. By March 2007, Aja circled back to the project as Russell would depart as director. Along with directing, Aja signed on to produce the film and rewrite the script with his filmmaking partner Grégory Levasseur.


title: Piranha 3D

text: In April 2009, Elisabeth Shue, Adam Scott, Ving Rhames and Richard Dreyfuss were cast in the film. The following month, Jessica Szohr, Jerry O'Connell, and Christopher Lloyd joined the cast. Dreyfuss, at first hesitant to make fun of his career, eventually agreed to do the film after getting a higher payment from the producers.


title: Piranha 3D

text: Production on the film was scheduled to begin late 2008, but was delayed until March 2009. In October 2008, Aja stated filming would begin in the spring. He further stated "It's such a difficult movie, not only because of the technicality of it and the CGI fish, but also because it all happens in a lake. We were supposed to start shooting now, but the longer to leave it the colder the water gets. The movie takes place during Spring Break and, of course, the studio wanted it ready for the summer, but if you've got 1,000 people who need to get murdered in the water, you have to wait for the right temperature for the water, for the weather, for everything."


title: Piranha 3D

text: Shooting took place in May 2009 at Bridgewater Channel in Lake Havasu, located in Lake Havasu City, Arizona. The water was also dyed red for the shooting. An estimated 80,000 gallons of fake blood was used during filming.


title: Piranha 3D

text: Asked about her underwater sequence with Riley Steele, Kelly Brook said, "It was really difficult. Holding your breath while making out with someone as hot as Steele. I had to learn to hold my breath for a very long time." Brook also said that the pair had to have "a lot of practice" before filming the scene.


title: Piranha 3D

text: Citing constraints with 3D camera rigs, Aja shot "Piranha" in 2D and converted to 3D in post production using a 3D conversion process developed by Michael Roderick and used by the company, Inner-D. Unlike some other 3D converted films released in 2010, "Piranha"'s conversion was not done as an afterthought, and it was one of the first post-conversion processes to be well received by critics.


title: Piranha 3D

text: Eight years after the film's release, Aja spoke of post-production disputes that occurred while finishing the film. He claimed that Dimension found effects artist that were much cheaper than the ones they had currently employed, this included artists who never did conversion work before. By June 2010, not a single piranha was completed for the film, leading to Aja reaching out to the Directors Guild of America to remove his name from the credits out of frustration. Bob Weinstein caught wind of this and fired all the artists and instead hired every VFX vendor available to finish the film. On top of this, executive producer Harvey Weinstein supposedly hated the film, expecting it to be more in line with "Jaws", instead of ""Jaws Gone Wild"" as Aja put it.


title: Piranha 3D

text: "Piranha 3D"s theatrical release date had been set for April 16, 2010, but was delayed. The film was planned to premiere on August 27, 2010, but in June 2010 was moved to August 20, 2010. The film's first trailer debuted with "Avatar". A second trailer was shown in prints of "A Nightmare on Elm Street" and "Inception". It was set to have a panel on 24 July 2010 as part of the San Diego Comic-Con International but was cancelled after convention organizers decided the footage that was planned to be shown was not appropriate. Nine minutes of footage, with some unfinished effects, were leaked onto websites. The clip used in promotional television ads and the trailer that shows Jessica Szohr's character, Kelly, face to face with a pack of piranhas was not used in the movie, and was used for promotion only.


title: Piranha 3D

text: "Piranha 3D" grossed $10,106,872 in its first 3 days, opening at No. 6 in the United States box office. In the United Kingdom, "Piranha 3D" opened at No. 4 at the box office, earning £1,487,119. As of May 16, 2011, Piranha 3D has made $83,188,165 worldwide.


title: Piranha 3D

text: "Piranha 3D" received generally positive reviews. It holds a "Certified Fresh" approval rating of 74% on the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes and an average score of 6.2/10, based on 127 reviews. The consensus reads "Playing exactly to expectations for a movie about killer fish run amok, "Piranha 3-D" dishes out gore, guffaws and gratuitous nudity with equal glee." On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the film has received a score of 53, based on 20 reviews, which indicates "mixed or average reviews". A tongue-in-cheek scholarly review of the movie was written for the journal "Copeia" (Chakrabarty & Fink 2011), which reviewed the movie as if it were a documentary film. Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "C" on an A+ to F scale.


title: Piranha 3D

text: "Empire" gave the film three out of five stars, saying "Remember the film you hoped "Snakes on a Plane" would be – this is it! By any sane cinematic standards, meretricious trash ... but thrown at you with such good-humoured glee that it's hard to resist. It's a bumper-sticker of a movie: honk if you love tits and gore! Honk honk honk." Christy Lemire, film critic for the Associated Press, said "Run, don't walk: "Piranha 3D" is hilariously, cleverly gory. Mere words cannot describe how awesomely gnarly "Piranha 3D" is, how hugely entertaining, and how urgently you must get yourself to the theatre to see it. Like, now." HollywoodLife.com called the film "a campy masterpiece of a movie", adding "If you have an ounce of fun in your body, you will love this movie about killer piranhas that overtake a town of hottiesin 3D!" Peter Hall of Cinematical.com said "The gore, the nudity, the language, the gags, the charactersit's all always on the rise. Just when you think things could not possibly get more ridiculous, that the film has peaked, Aja and screenwriters Pete Goldfinger and Josh Stolberg manage to ram another syringe of adrenaline into its heart." "The Hollywood Reporter" referred to the film as "a pitch-perfect, guilty-pleasure serving of late-summer schlock that handily nails the tongue-in-cheek spirit of the Roger Corman original" while stating ""Jaws" it ain'tAja exhibits little patience for such stuff as dramatic tension and tautly coiled suspense, and there are some undeniable choppy bits...but he never loses sight of the potential fun factor laid out in Pete Goldfinger and Josh Stolberg's script." The "Orlando Sentinel" gave the film one and a half stars out of four, stating that ""Piranha 3D" goes for the jugular. And generally misses, but generally in an amusing way."


title: Piranha 3D

text: The film was released on DVD, Blu-ray, and Blu-ray 3D formats on January 11, 2011. The "3D" part of the title was taken off the 2D releases to prevent confusion of the two formats. The film was released in Australia on December 30, 2010. The film was shown on British television on Channel 5 on February 10, 2013, for the first time, and in 2D format.


title: Piranha 3D

text: Lakeshore Records released the soundtrack album of Piranha 3D which included mostly rap, dance, hip-hop and R&B music. Artists include Shwayze, Envy, Flatheads, Amanda Blank, Public Enemy, Dub Pistols, and Hadouken!.


title: Piranha 3D

text: Dimension Films announced a sequel shortly after the first film was released. The film is "Piranha 3DD" and is directed by John Gulager with Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan writing. It was released on June 1, 2012. It stars Danielle Panabaker, Matt Bush, David Koechner, Chris Zylka, Katrina Bowden and Gary Busey, with Ving Rhames, Paul Scheer and Christopher Lloyd reprising their roles from "Piranha 3D". "Piranha 3DD" is set at a waterpark where the piranhas find a way through the pipes.


title: Piranha 3D

text: Following its release, it failed to generate the positive critical reaction of its predecessor and grossed only $8,493,728.


title: Lil Eazy-E

text: Eric Darnell Wright (born April 23, 1984), better known by his stage names Lil Eazy-E and Lil Eazy, is an American rapper. He is best known for being the son of Eazy-E. He is the president of Rich & Ruthless Records, an entertainment and business firm for musicians and entertainers. He and his brother E3, formally known as Baby Eazy-E, also founded Rich & Ruthless Cannabis, a cannabis grower and supplier.


title: Lil Eazy-E

text: Lil Eazy E was born Eric Darnell Wright in Compton, California on April 23, 1984, and is the son of popular rapper Eazy-E. Wright was mostly raised by his grandmother, however on the weekends he would see his father. He was 10 when his father succumbed to HIV/AIDS. In 2003 he entered the rap scene with his mixtapes and songs he would write. He would later be signed to Virgin Records.


title: Lil Eazy-E

text: On September 13, 2012, it was reported that Lil Eazy-E was reportedly in contract negotiations with Death Row Records. Previously signed to Virgin Records in the mid-2000s, the new deal with Hoopla Worldwide would controversially be distributed through Death Row Records. Due to the story that was taken out of context, the artist backed off from the deal and stated he is and always will be "Ruthless Records For Life"


title: Lil Eazy-E

text: In 2015, he would become the president of Rich & Ruthless Records and would later create Rich & Ruthless Cannabis. On May 17, 2021, he would release his song "It Ain't Over."


title: Christy Carlson Romano

text: Christy Carlson Romano (born March 20, 1984) is an American actress and singer. She is known for playing Ren Stevens on "Even Stevens" and voicing the titular character from "Kim Possible", both of which aired on the Disney Channel.


title: Christy Carlson Romano

text: Romano was born in Milford, Connecticut, the youngest of four children of Anthony and Sharon (Carlson) Romano. Romano was raised Catholic. She began her career at six years old when she was cast in several national tours of Broadway shows, including "Annie," "The Will Rogers Follies" with Keith Carradine and "The Sound of Music" with Marie Osmond. She made her first feature film appearance in 1996 as a singing "Chiquita Banana" in Woody Allen's "Everyone Says I Love You". She also appeared in "Henry Fool" (1997) and "Looking for an Echo" (2000).


title: Christy Carlson Romano

text: Romano made her Broadway debut in 1998 as Mary Phagan in the musical "Parade" by Alfred Uhry and Jason Robert Brown. In 2002, Romano acted in three Disney Channel projects simultaneously, supplementing her work on "Even Stevens" with a starring role in "Cadet Kelly," alongside Hilary Duff, and voice acting as the title character in "Kim Possible". She was nominated for a Daytime Emmy for her work on "Kim Possible". The show inspired an adventure scavenger hunt activity at Disney's Epcot which ran for over five years, as well as two Disney Channel movies "" and "."


title: Christy Carlson Romano

text: She voiced Yuffie Kisaragi in the English version of the movie "Final Fantasy VII Advent Children," as well as in the Disney/Square game "Kingdom Hearts". Throughout her teens and twenties, Romano starred in movies for ABC Family and Disney Channel, including "Campus Confidential," "Taking Five," "" and "." Various other appearances include MTV's "Kaya," CBS's "Joan of Arcadia," The WB's "Summerland" and TNT's "Hawthorne."


title: Christy Carlson Romano

text: In February 2004, Romano began a 31-week run as Belle in Disney's "Beauty and the Beast" on Broadway. Romano was the youngest actress to portray the character on Broadway. She reprised the role in Atlanta's 2005 Fox Theatre production of "Beauty and the Beast". In September 2008, she joined the Broadway company of "Avenue Q" as Kate Monster for several weeks. She starred as Michelle off-Broadway in "White's Lies" at New World Stages in 2010, alongside Betty Buckley and Tuc Watkins.


title: Christy Carlson Romano

text: Romano penned a novel, "Grace's Turn," for Disney literary subsidiary Hyperion, which received accolades by the New York Public Library (NYPL) as the 2007 Teenage Book of the Year. In 2012, she directed a music video for Steph Gold's "THE SUN" which was accepted into the Los Angeles Shorts Fest 2012. Amongst other titles, Romano has appeared in many films since her Disney days including Lifetime's "Deadly Daycare", Wes Craven's "The Girl in the Photographs", "Loosies", and "Christmas with the Andersons". In March 2016, she directed her first feature, "Christmas All Over Again" starring Nickelodeon's Sean Ryan Fox and YouTube star Todrick Hall; Lionsgate released the film for Christmas 2016.


title: Christy Carlson Romano

text: Romano appeared as pop star Poppy Blu in the live action "Kim Possible" television movie which premiered on February 15, 2019. Starting that year, Romano started her own YouTube show called "Christy's Kitchen Throwback", in which she would cook recipes with former child actors and Disney stars as guest hosts. In August 2020, it was announced that Romano would host the cooking show "Bucket List Bistro" for Fox.


title: Christy Carlson Romano

text: Beginning March 4, 2022, Romano and her old "Kim Possible" co-star Will Friedle began co-hosting a podcast called "I Hear Voices" available on Romano's YouTube channel and other podcast providers. Among the notable guests have included Eric Bauza, Shelby Young, Kevin Conroy, E.G. Daily, Phil LaMarr, Andrea Romano, Jason Marsden, Dan Povenmire, and Tara Strong. On June 7, 2022, the 20th anniversary of "Kim Possible", the podcast had a special episode with creators Mark McCorkle and Bob Schooley and voice actors John DiMaggio (Drakken) and Nicole Sullivan (Shego), as well as a brand new "Kim Possible" scene with the four actors written by McCorkle and Schooley and directed by original voice director Lisa Schaffer.


title: Christy Carlson Romano

text: While working at Disney, Romano recorded songs as part of soundtracks for "Kim Possible" and other Disney projects. She first sang on the Disney Channel on a musical episode of "Even Stevens" which led to more singing on the series and with Disney in general. In 2004, Walt Disney Records released Romano's debut album "Greatest Disney TV & Film Hits." After her Broadway run of "Beauty and the Beast" Romano signed a record deal with Jason Flom at Atlantic Records. Flom was fired before Romano released her first album and Romano's deal was not honored. She continued to write music with Kara DioGuardi and The Matrix and placed her songs in several movies.


title: Christy Carlson Romano

text: After her singing career, Romano began narrating audiobooks, including "Pop Princess" by Rachel Cohn, "The Unbecoming of Mara Dyer" trilogy by Michelle Hodkin, and "Beautiful Blue World" by Suzanne M. LaFleur. She also narrated audiobooks "To Catch A Killer" by Sheryl Scarborough, "Futuristic Violence and Fancy Suits" by David Wong, "Kaledoscope Hearts" by Claire Contreras, and the "Adventures of Owl Series" by Kristi Charish.


title: Christy Carlson Romano

text: On August 22, 2006, she published her own novel, "Grace's Turn", for which she provided the narration as well.


title: Christy Carlson Romano

text: After "Even Stevens" ended, Romano struggled with depression, self-harm, and alcohol abuse during her late teen years and early twenties. Her experience of playing Belle in "Beauty and the Beast" on Broadway was taxing on her voice, which was already in delicate condition after she had to have surgery to remove vocal nodules right before her audition. She also admitted that she was pushing her voice past its limit in order to get through her run while trying to make Disney Theatrical Productions proud. Romano later attended Barnard College and received her degree in Film Studies. Romano and writer-producer Brendan Rooney met in February 2011 while she was studying at Barnard College. They became engaged in November and, after two years of engagement, married on December 31, 2013 at the Banff Springs Hotel in Banff, Alberta. In June 2016, the couple announced that they were expecting their first child; their daughter was born in December 2016. On August 31, 2018, she announced in "People" that she and Rooney were expecting their second child, a girl, to whom Romano gave birth in February 2019.


title: Bhavana (actress)

text: Karthika Menon (born 6 June 1986), better known by her stage name Bhavana, is an Indian actress who predominantly appears in Malayalam and Kannada films, and has also appeared in some Tamil and Telugu films. Bhavana made her acting debut with the Malayalam film "Nammal" in 2002.


title: Bhavana (actress)

text: Bhavana was born as Karthika Menon on 6 June 1986 in Thrissur, Kerala, as the daughter of Pushpa and assistant cinematographer G. Balachandran. She has an elder brother, Jayadev. She did her schooling at Holy Family Convent Girls High School, Thrissur.


title: Bhavana (actress)

text: Bhavana has described herself as a restless person and someone who's "hard to handle". She grew up with a dream to become an actress. As a five-year-old, she used to imitate actress Amala's scenes from the Malayalam film "Ente Sooryaputhrikku" in front of the mirror and was even willing to jump from a building and break her arm, like Amala's character, did in the film.


title: Bhavana (actress)

text: At age 16, she debuted in the Malayalam film "Nammal" taking the stage name Bhavana opposite newcomers Sidharth Bharathan, Jishnu and Renuka Menon. The film was a big success and she got several offers in Malayalam. She won many honors and a Kerala State Special Jury Award for the film. Bhavana was an 11th Standard student when she got her break in the film.


title: Bhavana (actress)

text: In 2010, she starred in her first Kannada film alongside Puneeth Rajkumar, "Jackie" which was a blockbuster. Following the film's huge success, the film was dubbed into Telugu and Malayalam. Bhavana was said to star with Emraan Hashmi and Amitabh Bachchan in a Bollywood film. Her second Kannada film "Vishnuvardhana" with Sudeep opened to a big response. She appeared in the Malayalam films "Ozhimuri" and "Trivandrum Lodge" in 2012, and "Honey Bee" and "Ezhamathe Varavu" in 2013. She played Roshni Mathew, a single mother employed in an IT company, in Shyamaprasad's "Ivide", a crime thriller based on the serial killing of IT techies in major US cities.


title: Bhavana (actress)

text: In 2016, she starred in a film with Benedict Doray. Recent films of Bhavana include "Swapnathekaal Sundaram" and "Adventures of Omanakuttan".


title: Bhavana (actress)

text: In 2022, it was announced Bhavana would return to making Malayalam movies, with Adhil Maimoonath Asharaf's debut feature "Ntikkakkakkoru Premondaarnn".


title: Bhavana (actress)

text: In February 2017, she was kidnapped while returning home from a shoot and subjected to sexual assault by a gang of men. In April 2017, there were multiple reports in the media that actor Dileep had links to the main accused. In July 2017, Dileep was arrested by the investigating team, which said in its charge sheet that there was circumstantial evidence for Dileep's alleged conspiracy with the other accused men. Dileep was released on bail in October 2017. In 2022, amid further media reports alleging Dileep's attempt to intimidate an investigating officer, new charges were filed against him and five others.


title: Bhavana (actress)

text: After the assault, Bhavana withdrew from the industry for five years. Bhavana made her first comment about the case in 2022.


title: Bhavana (actress)

text: Bhavana's assault partly contributed to the creation of the Malayalam film industry "Women in Cinema Collective", formed to protect female actors. A couple of months after Bhavana spoke out, the Kerala state assembly is planning legislation to protect women working in the film industry.


title: Bhavana (actress)

text: The engagement ceremony of Bhavana and Kannada film producer Naveen was held in March 2017. They married on 22 January 2018.


title: Vincent Pastore

text: Vincent Pastore (; born July 14, 1946) is an American actor. Often cast as a mafioso, he is best known for his portrayal of Salvatore "Big Pussy" Bonpensiero on the HBO series "The Sopranos".


title: Vincent Pastore

text: Pastore was born to an Italian-American family in the Bronx, New York City, and grew up in New Rochelle, New York. Following his graduation from high school, he enlisted as a sailor in the United States Navy and then attended Pace University for three years, before eventually going into the acting industry after befriending Matt Dillon and Kevin Dillon. On June 3, 2015, during an appearance on "Good Day New York", Pastore said he was in the club business for close to 30 years, and got into acting in his forties.


title: Vincent Pastore

text: Pastore has made a career of portraying Italian-American gangsters in film and television. He began with small parts in the 1990s, in films such as "Goodfellas" and "Carlito's Way". In "Goodfellas", he is briefly seen rolling a coat rack through the kitchen of The Bamboo Lounge and is credited as "Vinny Pastore" playing "Man with Coat Rack". In "Carlito's Way", he portrays one of the friends of the Italian man that dances with Gail, whom Kleinfeld insults. He is listed in the credits as "Vinny Pastore" playing "Copa Wiseguy."


title: Vincent Pastore

text: Pastore got a bigger role in the comedy/crime film "" (1995) as Tony Scarboni, one of the three gangsters and Lazarro's (played by Alan Arkin) clients. In the 1996 HBO television movie "Gotti", Pastore played the character of Angelo Ruggiero, alongside future "Sopranos" cast members Tony Sirico, Frank Vincent and Dominic Chianese.


title: Vincent Pastore

text: In 1999, Pastore got his biggest role in "The Sopranos", where he played the character Salvatore "Big Pussy" Bonpensiero.


title: Vincent Pastore

text: In addition to "The Sopranos", he has appeared in "Mickey Blue Eyes", "Flodders in America", "Two Family House" (with "The Sopranos" cast mates Michael Rispoli, Kathrine Narducci, Matt Servitto, Michele Santopietro and Sharon Angela), "Under Hellgate Bridge", "Riding in Cars with Boys", "Witness to the Mob", "Deuces Wild", "Made", "Mafia!", "The Hurricane", "Serving Sara", "American Cousins", "A Tale of Two Pizzas", "This Thing of Ours", "Remedy", "Shark Tale", "Bachelor Party Vegas", "The Family", "Once Upon a Time in Brooklyn", "Money Train", "A Brooklyn State of Mind", "The Deli", "The Last Don II", "Johnny Slade's Greatest Hits" and Guy Ritchie's "Revolver". He served as associate producer of the film "Doughboys". He also appeared in a "Cyberchase" for Real segment as the owner of a comedy and magic club.


title: Vincent Pastore

text: Pastore's other television credits include "Grounded for Life", character Vinnie Fellachio in "Son of the Beach", "Law & Order" (various roles from 1992 to 1996), the soap opera "One Life to Live", host of "Repo-Men/Stealing for a Living", "Ed", "Queens Supreme", "Vegas", "Everybody Hates Chris", "", "Blue Bloods", "", and an uncredited voice role in the television program "Aqua Teen Hunger Force" as Terry.


title: Vincent Pastore

text: In 2007, Pastore starred in the independent feature film "P.J.: A Journey of the Heart". In 2008, he joined the cast of "General Hospital" as Maximus Giambetti, father of two characters on the show. He once again plays a mobster. He had roles in 2008's "College Road Trip" and "Our Last Days As Children". He also starred in the 2008 film "Dough Boys".


title: Vincent Pastore

text: In 2009, Pastore starred in Pavaline Studio's debut short film, "Alienated". In 2010, he starred in the award-winning indie mob-comedy "Pizza With Bullets". Pastore played Mayor Avenoso in the 2012 indie feature "Surviving Family". He appears in the 2013 film "I'm in Love with a Church Girl".


title: Vincent Pastore

text: Pastore lost 29 lbs on the fourth season of the VH1 reality show "Celebrity Fit Club" which ran from August 6 to October 1, 2006.


title: Vincent Pastore

text: On February 20, 2007, ABC announced that Pastore would participate in the fourth season of the American version of the competitive dance series "Dancing with the Stars". He withdrew from the competition after only one week. Pastore said that he found the necessary training and preparation too physically demanding. John Ratzenberger took his place in the competition.


title: Vincent Pastore

text: Pastore was featured as a contestant on the January 2008 edition of "Celebrity Apprentice". In the second week, he participated in raising $52,286 by selling hot dogs on a Manhattan street for The Lustgarten Foundation for Pancreatic Research. In a task of selling Broadway show tickets, with Pastore as project manager, he led his team to raise $33,300 for charity. In the fifth week, he got into a faked, blow-out conflict with the project manager of the task, Piers Morgan, in order to see if he could get the women to let him on their team to spy on them. The episode had played out like an episode of "The Sopranos" with Pastore switching allegiances multiple times.


title: Vincent Pastore

text: Pastore was deliberately "ratted out" to the women by Morgan in the end, to make Pastore look bad to the women. While Pastore and the men then lost their task, before Trump even lifted a finger to fire anyone that week, Pastore resigned from the show and Trump eventually accepted Pastore's resignation after trying to convince him to stay. The show ended with a sequence based on the series finale of "The Sopranos", ending abruptly before Pastore could give the customary end-of-show interview in the cab. Week 6 episode begins with Pastore meeting his ex-wife Nancy in a restaurant and presenting her the check he received for being project manager for $50,000, in memory of her husband, Mitchell Burke's memorial fund with the Lustgarden Foundation.


title: Vincent Pastore

text: On July 1, 2008, Pastore appeared on NBC's new show, "Celebrity Family Feud", as part of a family team trying to win $50,000 for their favorite charity. He first competed, with his friends and family, against the cast of "The Girls Next Door". Then Pastore's team made it to the finals against Kathie Lee Gifford's family, but did not win. However, Pastore and his team picked up a $10,000 consolation prize for their charity, which is researching a cure for pancreatic cancer.


title: Vincent Pastore

text: On April 8, 2011, Pastore and a business partner appeared on "Shark Tank" for an investment in "Broccoli Wad", a product that holds money. All the "Sharks" wanted out, and Barbara Corcoran said that "this is one of the dumbest things I've ever seen on this show". She later had the idea of putting Pastore's face and name on the box, and labeling it "Vinnie's Wad". She offered $50,000 for a 40% stake in the company, and would give half of her ownership to Pastore in exchange for his name and face on the packaging; Pastore and his partner agreed. A year later, Pastore made an appearance on an episode of truTV's "" after his commercial for "The Broccoli Wad" aired on the show.


title: Vincent Pastore

text: As of July 10, 2011 he appeared on the VH1 Marc Cronin-produced reality show "Famous Food". In the show, contestants are assigned the task of opening a restaurant on the Sunset Strip.


title: Vincent Pastore

text: He appeared with Joseph R. Gannascoli on "Gordon Ramsay's 24 Hours to Hell and Back" on January 21, 2020.


title: Vincent Pastore

text: Pastore previously hosted "The Wiseguy Show" on Sirius Satellite Radio on the now defunct Raw Dog channel 104. Described as a "weekly three-hour celebration of Italian-American culture." Produced by "Sopranos" co-star Steven Van Zandt, it currently airs on Wednesdays from 6pm-9pm ET. He has also had stints as a radio host on the New Rochelle, New York station WVOX in 2004 and 2012, with guest appearances in-between.


title: Vincent Pastore

text: In September 2020, Pastore started a podcast with Goumba Johnny called "Fuhgeddaboudit with Vinny Pastore".


title: Vincent Pastore

text: In 2019, Pastore launched a tomato sauce business under the name of Vincent Pastore's Italian Sauce. The sauce is made with San Marzano tomatoes, is non-GMO and has no added sugar.


title: Vincent Pastore

text: Pastore is divorced. He was previously married to Nancy Berke with whom he has a daughter, Renee. He befriended Berke's subsequent husband and donated the winnings from his stint on "The Apprentice" to a charity in his name. He currently lives on City Island. In 2014, Pastore was diagnosed with prostate cancer. He is often mistaken for Joey Diaz since the two share a strong resemblance.


title: Rummy

text: Rummy is a group of matching-card games notable for similar gameplay based on matching cards of the same rank or sequence and same suit. The basic goal in any form of rummy is to build "melds" which can be either sets (three or four of a kind of the same rank) or runs (three or more sequential cards of the same suit) and either be first to go out or to amass more points than the opposition.


title: Rummy

text: There are two common theories about the origin of Rummy, attributing its origins in either Mexico or China in the nineteenth century. The first is that it originated in Mexico around the 1890s in a game described as Conquian in R.F. Foster's book "Foster's Complete Hoyle", which was played with a 40 card Spanish deck and had melding mechanics. The second is that Rummy originated in Asia, and that Rummy was the result of a Mahjongg variant named Kun P'ai that was Westernized as Khanhoo by W.H. Wilkinson in 1891.


title: Rummy

text: Games scholar David Parlett combines these two theories, and proposes that the Mexican game of Conquian is ancestral to all rummy games, and that Conquian is the equivalent of the Chinese game Khanhoo. The rummy principle of drawing and discarding with a view to melding appears in Chinese card games at least in the early 19th century, and perhaps as early as the 18th century.


title: Rummy

text: Rummy variations like Gin and Canasta became popular in the twentieth century. Rummy games are popular in India, and it is likely that Indian rummy is an extension of gin rummy and 500 rum, which originated from the United States.


title: Rummy

text: Several theories about the origin of the name "rummy" exist. Some attribute it to the British slang word "rum", meaning odd, strange, or queer. Others say the origin lies in the game Rum Poker, or in the popular liquor of the same name.


title: Rummy

text: Depending on the variation, each player receives a certain number of cards from either a standard deck of 52 cards, more than one deck or a special deck of cards used for specific games. The un-dealt cards are placed in a face down stack in the middle, which is known as the stock. In most variations, a single card is turned face up next to the stock where players discard or shed cards, and this is known as the discard pile. In 10 Cards Rummy, which is often played with two, three or four players, each player gets ten cards. In rummy games with five players, each player is given six cards. In 500 Rummy, each player is given seven cards. In Indian Rummy, 13 cards are dealt to each player.


title: Rummy

text: A meld can either be a set (also known as a book) or a run. A set consists of at least three cards of the same rank, for example or . A run consists of at least three consecutive cards of the same suit or . Very few variations allow runs that have mixed suits. In a few variations of rummy, other patterns may be allowed. In some variations the melds (sets and runs) must be 3 or 4 cards, while other variations allow larger melds through the use of longer runs, for example: or, if multiple decks or wild cards are used, or . Wild cards (such as a joker) may be used to represent any card in a meld. The number of wild cards in a meld may be restricted.


title: Rummy

text: Depending on the variation of the game, players take turns adding and shedding cards from their hands. There are numerous and quite different ways of doing this though it usually involves picking a card from the stock and discarding a card to the discard pile. In some variations melds are revealed to all players by placing them face up on the table, in other variations each player keeps their hand hidden until the show. Some variations permit picking up the entire discard pile. A few variations permit stealing cards from their opponents melds.


title: Rummy

text: In most variations a player must put all of their cards into at least two melds (though they may be allowed to shed one card to the discard pile before showing). Once the player has melded all their cards they reveal their entire hand and the player submits their hand to validation. All other players reveal their melds and deadweight. The action of submitting the cards is called Showing.


title: Rummy

text: After a successful show, the winner or all players score their hand. In most variations numbered cards have certain assigned points and the royal cards (J-Q-K) have assigned points and the A often has a different point value. Scoring often involves each player adding up points in their melded cards (sets and runs) and deducting points from cards that have not been melded. The winner may also receive a bonus for winning. Some special or difficult melds may also give extra points to a hand. A player may have a negative score if their unmelded cards total more than their melded ones. Usually play continues until one player passes a threshold, for example 1,000 points.


title: Rummy

text: There are many variations of Rummy, but most build on a common set of features found in the basic game. The following rules follow Parlett (2008) unless otherwise stated.


title: Rummy

text: Standard packs of 52 cards are used: one is sufficient for two or three players; four to seven may use a twin pack, which may have two different patterns on the card backs. Alternatively four to six players may play with a single pack, but with a reduced number of cards. Recently, double packs of 104 German-suited cards have been produced for the first time in centuries. Jokers are wild.


title: Rummy

text: The first dealer may be chosen by lot. Deal and play are clockwise. The dealer shuffles the pack well and player on the dealer's right may cut. Up to seven may play and receive 10 cards each, provided there are two packs available if four or more play. The cards dealt are summarised in the table below:


title: Rummy

text: Starting with eldest hand, cards are dealt clockwise, face down, one at a time. The dealer then turns the next card to start the discard pile and places the rest of the pack, face down, between the players as the stock.


title: Rummy

text: Play begins with the player on the dealer's left and proceeds clockwise. In turn, each player draws the top card from the stock or the discard pile. If drawing from the discard pile a player may draw multiple cards. The player will then do either or both of the following:


title: Rummy

text: Finally, after making any melds or lay offs, the player must discard a single card to the discard pile, face up. A player who drew the upcard from the discard pile, may not replace the same card on the discard pile, but must discard a different card.


title: Rummy

text: If the stock runs out, the next player may choose to draw from the discard pile or to turn it over to form a new stock. The discard pile is not shuffled. After forming the new stock, the top card is drawn to form the new discard pile. The player can call rummy if a point is discarded into the discard pile. They cannot however call rummy if the card becomes a point while in the discard pile.


title: Rummy

text: Going out. A player may go out by discarding the last remaining card in hand, whether as part of a meld, a lay-off or a discard.


title: Rummy

text: "Example". Anne has left in her hand and draws , thus forming a sequence. She goes out by melding her sequence and without making a discard. Or supposing Ben has and draws the , he may meld the , discard the and go out. Or if there is a run of on the table and Charlotte, who has the , picks up the , she may lay off her two cards to the existing meld and go out.


title: Rummy

text: The player who goes out, wins, and scores as many points as the other have in their hand cards. Court cards score 10 each, Jokers 15 each and numerals score their face value. Aces count as 1 unless they are allowed to be high, in which case they score 11.


title: Rummy

text: In some instances, jokers are used as wildcards and can represent any card value when melding. They can be used in sets or runs but can not be replaced when 'melded', nor can a player lay off a card to replace it by themselves or their opponent. Jokers are not counted during the scoring.


title: Rummy

text: In other variations, such as rummy 500 and treppenrommé, discards are placed so that all the cards are visible. At the beginning of his or her turn, a player may take any card from the discard pile, so long as they also pick up all the cards that are on top of it, and the last card picked up is played immediately. If only picking up the top card, the player must keep it and discard a different card from their hand.


title: Rummy

text: In a variation called "block or tile rummy", players do not continue after going through the pack once – if no players are out, they all lose the points in their hands after the pack has been gone through once. "Round the corner rummy", also called "continuity rummy", is a variant where an ace may be simultaneously high and low to "wrap around" in a run, as in the following meld: Q-K-A-2.


title: Rummy

text: There are a large number of games derived from rummy. Although in North America the word "rummy" is often used interchangeably for gin rummy, the term is applicable to a large family of games, including canasta, mahjong and rummikub.


title: Rummy

text: The most basic form where play continues until the stock is exhausted or a player achieves a specific number of points. Different cards (and melds in some games) are worth specific points. In some variations, the first meld must meet minimum point requirements or the final meld must include a discard. Some of these are played for four players in partnerships of two. In most variations, players may extensively add to or even rearrange their cards.


title: Rummy

text: In contract rummy, players are either assigned specific objectives (known or unknown to the other players) or decides their own objectives and announces them before play begins. Players are awarded and or penalized extra points depending on if they successfully meet their objectives.


title: Rummy

text: In these games, players play until they have a minimal number of points or cards in their unmelded hand.


title: Rummy

text: Canasta games usually involve partnerships using two or more decks with many wild cards. There are many rules and restrictions on first melds, final melds and taking the deck. Seven or eight of a kinds (canasta) score high.


title: Rummy

text: In knock rummy, players usually reveal their entire hand at the end of the game. In most variations, a player may signal (through knock or a specific kind of discard) that s/he has a valid hand. In some variations, the other players get one final turn before the reveal.


title: Rummy

text: Rummoli games use Western cards, but require a special board or modified table with various squares with specific cards drawn on them. In each round, players put tokens in the squares. If a player lays down a card matching a square, they collect the tokens therein. Most versions allow multiple players to meld straights in sequence and do not use three- or four-of-a-kinds. Some versions include poker-like elements.


title: Rummy

text: Several companies produce special card sets which often include special cards not seen in other rummoli variations. Some variations resemble the card game Crazy Eights. Most of these games are suitable for children and Safari Pals is an educational game.


title: Rummy

text: There are two different kinds of Chinese decks used for rummy-like games. The rules of each variation vary greatly.


title: Rummy

text: Tile rummy games usually include tiles of only three suits along with special tiles unseen in card games. Mahjong, a game with elaborate rules and different scoring systems, is played in East Asia with numerous variations played in different countries. Rummikub and other international tile variations have rules similar to meld and knock rummy.


title: Tizanidine

text: Tizanidine, sold under the brand name Zanaflex among others, is a medication that is used to treat muscle spasticity due to spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis as well as spastic cerebral palsy. Effectiveness appears similar to baclofen or diazepam. It is taken by mouth.


title: Tizanidine

text: Common side effects of Tizanidine include dry mouth, sleepiness, weakness, and dizziness. Serious side effects may include low blood pressure, liver problems, psychosis, and QT prolongation. It is unclear if use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is safe. It is an α2-adrenergic agonist and how it works is not entirely clear.


title: Tizanidine

text: Tizanidine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1996. It is available as a generic medication. In 2020, it was the 84th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 8million prescriptions.


title: Tizanidine

text: Tizanidine has been found to be as effective as other antispasmodic drugs and is more tolerable than baclofen and diazepam.


title: Tizanidine

text: Side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, weakness, nervousness, confusion, hallucinations, strange dreams, depression, vomiting, dry mouth, constipation, diarrhea, stomach pain, heartburn, increased muscle spasms, back pain, rash, sweating, and a tingling sensation in the arms, legs, hands, and feet.


title: Tizanidine

text: Concomitant use of tizanidine and moderate or potent CYP1A2 inhibitors (such as zileuton, certain antiarrhythmics (amiodarone, mexiletine, propafenone, verapamil), cimetidine, famotidine, aciclovir, ticlopidine and oral contraceptives) is contraindicated. Concomitant use of tizanidine with fluvoxamine, a potent CYP1A2 inhibitor in humans, resulted in a 33-fold increase in the tizanidine AUC (plasma drug concentration-time curve). For this reason both fluvoxamine and tizanidine should not be taken at the same time. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics such as moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin should also be avoided due to an increased serum concentration of tizanidine when administered concomitantly. Tizanidine has the potential to interact with other central nervous system depressants. Alcohol should be avoided, particularly as it can upset the stomach. The CNS-depressant effects of tizanidine and alcohol are additive. Caution with the following interactions:


title: Tizanidine

text: Tizanidine is an α receptor agonist closely related to clonidine. It has approximately one tenth to one fifteenth of the pressure lowering effect of clonidine. The relation between the α receptor agonism and the spasmolytic action is still not fully understood.


title: Tizanidine

text: Tizanidine is available as a tablet or capsule. Capsules may be opened and sprinkled on food. However, this may change the absorption of the medication compared to taking the capsule whole.


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: The Gateway Pundit (TGP) is an American far-right fake news website. The website is known for publishing falsehoods, hoaxes, and conspiracy theories.


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: Founded by Jim Hoft in 2004, "The Gateway Pundit" expanded from a one-person enterprise into a multi-employee operation that is supported primarily by advertising revenue. During the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign, the site received over a million unique visitors per day. Twitter permanently suspended Hoft's account (@gatewaypundit) on February 6, 2021, for repeatedly publishing misinformation about the 2020 U.S. presidential election. In September 2021, Google demonetized the site for publishing misinformation.


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: "The Gateway Pundit" was founded prior to the 2004 United States presidential election, according to its founder, Jim Hoft, to "speak the truth" and to "expose the wickedness of the left." The website's name makes reference to the Gateway Arch in the city of St. Louis, Missouri, where Hoft resides as of February 2018. He operates the site from Ellisville, a western suburb.


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: In 2016, it provided favorable coverage of Donald Trump's presidential campaign and, after Trump's election, was granted press credentials by the White House. A 2017 study by the Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University found that "The Gateway Pundit" was the fourth most-shared source among Trump supporters on Twitter during the 2016 election, behind Fox News, "The Hill" and "Breitbart News".


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: A study by the Center for Countering Digital Hate found that "The Gateway Pundit" earned up to $1.1 million in Google Ad revenue between November 2020 and July 2021.


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: In February 2017, founder Jim Hoft and "The Gateway Pundit"s Lucian Wintrich, a 28-year-old writer and artist, were granted White House press credentials by the Trump administration. Wintrich has collaborated with Milo Yiannopoulos, the former editor at "Breitbart News".


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: As official correspondents, Hoft and Wintrich were able to attend all press briefings and address their questions to the White House press secretary. In an interview, Wintrich said they would: "be reporting far more fairly than a lot of the very left-wing outlets that are currently occupying the briefing room. We will be doing a little trolling of the media in general here". According to Wintrich, "The Gateway Pundit"s mission in the White House was "to help drain the press swamp" by covering the press corps' "very leftist and biased reporting," and to alleviate what he saw as bias among reporters in the White House press corps.


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: On August 14, 2020, after President Trump called on invited "Gateway Pundit" reporter Alicia Powe for a question at his televised White House press briefing, the White House Correspondents' Association president told the "Washington Examiner" that including Powe as a guest was an "outrageous" violation of the group's social distancing guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: In November 2022, Jordan Conradson, a reporter for "The Gateway Pundit" (along with the publisher TGP Communications, LLC), filed suit (represented by Marc Randazza) because Conradson was denied a press pass; although a preliminary injunction was denied by the lower court, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals granted the injunction because the denial violated the First Amendment--it was not "viewpoint neutral." To the contrary, the Ninth Circuit found "that a predominant reason for the County denying Conradson a press pass was the viewpoint expressed in his writings."


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: "The Gateway Pundit" is known as a source of viral falsehoods and hoaxes. It has been described by the "Harvard Journal of Law & Technology" as one of the websites that "primarily propagate fake news", by "Newsweek" as a fake news website,<ref name="Croucher_10/31/2018"></ref> and by CNN as a website "prone to peddling conspiracy theories". In August 2019, journalism professors Erik P. Bucy and John E. Newhagen observed that "The most aggressive fake news sites and associated YouTube channels, such as "InfoWars", "The Gateway Pundit", and "The Daily Stormer", are routinely sued by victims of these published reports for libel and defamation." As a result of a number of lawsuits against "The Gateway Pundit" over its false stories, it was reported in March 2018 that Jim Hoft had told his writers to be more careful: "I don't want any more lawsuits so we have to be really careful with what we put up." Hoft stated that he believes the lawsuits "are part of a multi-pronged effort to attack media outlets on the right."


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: In November 2019, the Wikipedia community "The Gateway Pundit" as an untrustworthy source of information.


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: A 2020 study by researchers from Northeastern, Harvard, Northwestern and Rutgers universities found that among Republicans and older people "The Gateway Pundit" was the most shared fake news domain in tweets related to COVID-19, significantly outperforming other fake news domains such as "InfoWars", "WorldNetDaily", Judicial Watch and Natural News. The study also found that "The Gateway Pundit" was the 4th and 6th most shared domain overall, in August and September 2020 respectively.


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: In July 2021, a spokesperson for Google said that the company had demonetized "The Gateway Pundit"'s homepage and some of its articles, stating: "We have strict publisher policies that prohibit content promoting anti-vaccine theories, COVID-19 misinformation, and false claims about the 2020 U.S. Presidential election – and our enforcement can be as targeted as demonetizing a specific page. We already actioned the majority of pages shared from this report back in 2020 or early 2021 and similarly stopped serving ads on the site’s homepage last year. We will continue to take appropriate action if new content is uploaded that violates our policies." In September 2021, Google demonetized the site. A Google spokesman stated: "We gave the "Gateway Pundit" ample notice to address persistent policy violations before we took action. We will not serve Google ads on the site until they can comply with our guidelines."


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: "The Gateway Pundit" promoted false rumors about voter fraud and Hillary Clinton's health. Specifically, rumors of Hillary Clinton's poor health were disseminated via "The Gateway Pundit"s articles entitled, "Breaking: 71% of Doctors Say Hillary Health Concerns Serious, Possibly Disqualifying!" and "Wow! Did Hillary Clinton Just Suffer a Seizure on Camera?" Regarding voter fraud, "The Gateway Pundit" published an unsubstantiated report during the 2016 presidential election from the Internet Research Agency, a Russian troll farm, claiming that Republicans had accused Broward County, Florida officials of tampering with mail-in ballots.


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: Shortly after the 2017 white supremacist rally in Charlottesville, in which a person drove a vehicle into a crowd of counter-protesters, killing one, "The Gateway Pundit" falsely identified a young man from Michigan as the driver. After the misidentification took place, the family went into hiding after receiving several death threats. Together with his father, the Michigan man filed a defamation lawsuit against the publication and other related parties.


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: In October 2017, "The Gateway Pundit" published an article falsely implicating an innocent person as the shooter in the 2017 Las Vegas shooting. The article was promoted by Google as a "top story" for searches for his name. "The" "Gateway Pundit" asserted that "New York Times" reporter Rukmini Callimachi had reported that ISIS may have evidence that it was behind the shooting, but Callimachi denied that she had ever made such an assertion.


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: "The Gateway Pundit" promoted conspiracy theories about the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting. In February 2018, "The Gateway Pundit" published an article erroneously stating that school shooter Nikolas Cruz was a registered Democrat, citing a registered Broward County voter with a similar name. The website later corrected its mistake. Later that month, "The" "Gateway Pundit" was one of a number of far-right websites that pushed the claim that at least one of the teenage survivors of the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting was a deep state pawn, alleging that David Hogg's gun control activism was being coached by his retired FBI agent father.


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: In July 2018, "The" "Gateway Pundit" falsely claimed that a man arrested with bomb-making equipment and illegal weapons had been a "leftist antifa terrorist". The individual in question was however a conservative whose Facebook profile was littered with pro-Second Amendment memes.


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: In August 2018, "The" "Gateway Pundit" falsely identified a Reddit user as the perpetrator of the Jacksonville Landing shooting.


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: In November 2020, "The Gateway Pundit" erroneously stated that a software glitch during the 2020 United States presidential election led to 10,000 votes in Rock County, Wisconsin, being "moved" from incumbent president Donald Trump to his opponent, Joe Biden; the article was then promoted by Eric Trump, President Trump's son and executive vice president of the Trump Organization as part of Donald Trump's attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election. The article was disputed by the Associated Press, which stated that the supposed discrepancy was caused by a technical error in AP's reporting of results obtained from Rock County's election website, an error that was resolved within minutes and did not pertain to the counting of actual ballots. Rock County clerk Lisa Tollefson stated that "The Gateway Pundit" reported incorrect information, and that the county stood by the final tally. The Wisconsin Elections Commission later added: "The AP’s error in no way reflects any problem with how Rock County counted or posted unofficial results. The WEC has confirmed with Rock County that their unofficial results reporting was always accurate. [...] These errors have nothing to do with Wisconsin’s official results, which are triple checked at the municipal, county and state levels before they are certified."


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: In December 2020, "The Gateway Pundit" falsely claimed that Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger's brother "Ron" worked for a Chinese tech firm. Raffensperger's brother's name was not Ron and he did not work for a Chinese company. In the same month, "The Gateway Pundit" was named as one of the defendants in a defamation lawsuit filed by Dominion Voting Systems executive Eric Coomer. Coomer asserted that the defendants had characterized him as a "traitor" and that as a result he was subjected to "multiple credible death threats".


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: In August 2021, "The Daily Beast" reported that according to a senior Trump White House official, Trump was seen holding printouts of articles from "The Gateway Pundit" during his attempts to overturn the 2020 election, and on one occasion handed out an article from the site which alleged massive fraud in favor of Biden and told the official to act on it.


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: Days after the results of the 2021 Maricopa County presidential ballot audit were released, "The Gateway Pundit" published an altered version of the auditors' report which falsely stated, "the election should not be certified, and the reported results are not reliable." "The Gateway Pundit" wrote that it acquired the altered document from "Byrne." Patrick Byrne, a staunch Trump supporter, was a major promoter of and donor to the Maricopa County audit. Byrne denied he was the source of the document.


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: In October 2021, "The Gateway Pundit" used a study by the to falsely claim that Democrats had used low-income voters to steal the election; the study had found that about 35% of the 2020 presidential electorate had household incomes below $50,000. PolitiFact rated the claim "Pants on Fire", finding that "The Gateway Pundit" had conflated voter outreach with voter fraud.


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: In December 2021, two Georgia election workers sued "The Gateway Pundit" for defamation, alleging that the site and its owners had knowingly published false stories about them that "instigated a deluge of intimidation, harassment, and threats that has forced them to change their phone numbers, delete their online accounts, and fear for their physical safety." In response, the website doubled down on its false claims with an article titled: "Ruby Freeman and Daughter Sue Gateway Pundit for Posting Video of Her Shoving Ballots Through Voting Machines Numerous Times – PLEASE HELP US Fight This Latest Lawsuit."


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: Analysis conducted in 2022 by researchers with the University of Washington’s Center for an Informed Public and the Krebs Stamos Group found "The Gateway Pundit" was the second-most prolific purveyor of election misinformation on Twitter during the late months of 2020.


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: "The Gateway Pundit" has promoted the false claim that Barack Obama was not born in the United States.


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: In December 2017, "The Gateway Pundit" published a Reddit post as evidence that Democratic activists were committing voter fraud in the 2017 Alabama Senate special election. The redditor behind the post later said that the post was intended "as an obvious troll." When asked by "The Washington Post", the writer of the "Gateway Pundit" post declined to say whether he had contacted the redditor to verify the information; later the "Gateway Pundit" story contained an update at the bottom: "Liberals say these are fake Reddit posts(?) Regardless, the posts are still up on Reddit and the posters are still encouraging Democrats to cheat." Also in December 2017, "The" "Gateway Pundit" published a story falsely saying that Facebook had taken down a previous "Gateway Pundit" story about the Alabama election, when in fact a Facebook algorithm had made it less prevalent after it had been flagged as fake news.


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: In April 2018, "The Gateway Pundit" falsely claimed in a headline that two prominent African-American conservative video bloggers – Diamond and Silk – had been censored by Facebook.


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: In July 2018, "The Gateway Pundit" falsely claimed that then-senator Kamala Harris had lied about her school's integration history. The article was cited by radio host Larry Elder and others in June 2019 after Harris confronted then-presidential candidate Joe Biden over his opposition to busing during the first Democratic presidential debate.


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: In September 2018, after psychology professor Christine Blasey Ford alleged that U.S. Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh had sexually assaulted her in the 1980s when they were teenagers, "The Gateway Pundit" published an article erroneously claiming that Kavanaugh's mother, a district court judge in Maryland, had once ruled in a foreclosure case against Dr. Ford's parents, creating what "The Gateway Pundit" called "bad blood" between the two families. In an update, "The Gateway Pundit" noted, "CBS News reports the case was settled amicably and the Blaseys kept their house."


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: On October 30, 2018, NBC News and "The Atlantic" published articles detailing a scheme to falsely accuse Robert Mueller of sexual misconduct in 1974. The articles reported involvement by Jack Burkman and Jacob Wohl, the latter a writer for "The Gateway Pundit". Hours after these reports, "The Gateway Pundit" published on its site "exclusive documents" about a "very credible witness" to support the accusations against Mueller. Each document had in its header the phrase "International Private Intelligence," the business slogan of Surefire Intelligence, a firm created by Wohl. The site removed the documents later that day, stating they were investigating the matter, as well as "serious allegations against Jacob Wohl." The following day, "The Gateway Pundit"s owner Jim Hoft retweeted Wohl's comment suggesting Mueller's office was actually behind the scheme. Mueller's office had days earlier referred the scheme to the FBI. Burkman and Wohl convened a press conference outside Washington on November 1, ostensibly to present a woman who they said signed an affidavit, which "Gateway Pundit" had published, accusing Mueller of raping her in a New York hotel room in 2010 — on a date he was contemporaneously reported by "The Washington Post" to be serving jury duty in Washington. The men accused Mueller's office of "leaking" the eight year-old "Post" story to discredit their allegations. The purported accuser, a Carolyne Cass, did not appear at the press conference, with the men asserting she had panicked in fear of her life and taken a flight to another location. Soon after the press conference, Hoft announced that "The Gateway Pundit" had "suspended [their] relationship" with Wohl.


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: In March 2013, Hoft was awarded the "Reed Irvine Award for New Media" by the Accuracy in Media watchdog at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC).


title: The Gateway Pundit

text: In August 2013, Hoft contracted a serious strep infection, lost his vision in one eye, suffered five strokes, and required 12 hours of open-heart surgery. Three months after his treatment and before the imminent loss of his health insurance, Hoft stated that it was the Affordable Care Act that had caused insurance companies to leave the marketplace in his home state of Missouri.