title: Rebbie Jackson

text: Following a 7-year break, Jackson returned with a cover of Bob Dylan's "Forever Young" for the 1995 film "". She was later signed to her brother Michael's record label MJJ Music and the first album in 10 years, "Yours Faithfully", was released on March 31, 1998. It featured a remixed version of Jackson's successful "Centipede." Initially, the singer had not wanted to feature the track, believing that it was part of the past. After thinking about it for a while, Jackson felt that the inclusion of the remix—which features a rap by son Austin—would be a good way to return to the music scene. In addition, her two other children, Stacee and Yashi, contributed backing vocals for the album. Other tracks from the album included "Fly Away," which was written and produced by brother Michael, who also served as co-executive producer for "Yours Faithfully". Fellow producers included Keith Thomas and Eliot Kennedy. The album also featured a duet with Men of Vizion's Spanky Williams on the Spinners' "I Don't Want to Lose You," which "Jet" described as being a "sizzling" rendition. "Yours Faithfully" title track was released as a single and peaked at number 76 on the R&B chart. "Vibe" magazine's Quohnos Mitchell expressed disappointment in the album, calling its content a "mix of dated R&B grooves dressed up with a few cleverly placed samples."


title: Rebbie Jackson

text: Rebbie's brother Michael died on June 25, 2009, after suffering a cardiac arrest. His memorial service was held 12 days later on July 7, and the finale featured group renditions of the Jackson anthems "We Are the World" and "Heal the World." The singalong featured Michael's siblings (including Rebbie) and the late singer's children. Following the service—which was held at Los Angeles' Staples Center—Rebbie, along with sisters Janet and La Toya, addressed fans at the nearby L.A. Live entertainment complex, stating, "We are extremely grateful for all the support. We love you all." In the weeks following Michael's death, it was speculated by media sources that Rebbie would be the primary caregiver for her late brother's children, Prince, Paris, and Blanket. It was stated that even if Michael and Rebbie's mother Katherine were granted custody of the children, Rebbie would care for the siblings on a day-to-day basis at the Jackson family's Encino home. Katherine was named their legal guardian in August 2009. In early 2011, Rebbie announced she'd begun recording tracks for a new album, her first in 14 years. She also performed throughout the U.S. with a setlist containing her best-known songs, some of her brothers' songs, and some Motown classics.


title: Rebbie Jackson

text: Rebbie Jackson is a contralto with a three-octave range. She has an impressive belting range, reaching up to G# in her song "Reaction".


title: Rebbie Jackson

text: The 18-year-old Rebbie's announcement that she wanted to marry her childhood love Nathaniel Brown in November 1968 created division in the Jackson family. Jackson expressed her feelings for the man, and proclaimed that she wanted to move with him to Kentucky. Katherine encouraged her daughter to proceed, feeling that being a wife and mother were important roles for all of her daughters. But Joseph opposed the marriage; he wanted Rebbie to follow in her brothers' footsteps and become a singer and felt that married life would stop her from becoming a success in the entertainment business. Rebbie had taken clarinet, piano, and dance lessons in her childhood, but had no interest in a music career, even though, according to Jermaine, she had won several singing contests dueting with Jackie. She thought a happy home was more comforting and secure than the instability of show business. She also wanted to leave her family's drama-filled home on Jackson Street and escape her controlling father. Arguments ensued for several weeks before her father relented and allowed Rebbie to marry Brown, but he refused to walk her down the aisle.


title: John Wayne filmography

text: American actor, director, and producer John Wayne (1907–1979) began working on films as an extra, prop man and stuntman, mainly for the Fox Film Corporation. He frequently worked in minor roles with director John Ford and when Raoul Walsh suggested him for the lead in "The Big Trail" (1930), an epic Western shot in an early widescreen process called Fox Grandeur, Ford vouched for him. Wayne's early period as a star would be brief, as Fox dropped him after only three leads. He then appeared in a string of low-budget action films (mostly Westerns) before garnering more recognition with the 1939 film "Stagecoach".


title: John Wayne filmography

text: During the 1940s and early 1950s, Wayne starred in "Dark Command" (1940), "Reap the Wild Wind" (1942), "Wake of the Red Witch" (1948), "Fort Apache" (1948), "She Wore a Yellow Ribbon" (1949), "Rio Grande" (1950), and "Red River" (1948). Some of his more notable war movies include "Flying Tigers" (1942), "The Fighting Seabees" (1944), "They Were Expendable" (1945), and "Sands of Iwo Jima" (1949), for which he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor.


title: John Wayne filmography

text: The 1950s would see Wayne star in an Ireland-set romantic comedy "The Quiet Man" (1952) and two westerns, "The Searchers" (1956) and "Rio Bravo" (1959). Wayne also continued his producing activities during this period, and formed his own production company, Batjac. During the 1960s and 1970s, Wayne starred in more Westerns, such as "The Comancheros" (1961), "The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance" (1962), and "True Grit" (1969), in which his role as Rooster Cogburn earned him an Academy Award for Best Actor. He would reprise that role in the 1975 film "Rooster Cogburn". He also played in several war films, including "The Longest Day" (1962) and "In Harm's Way" (1965).


title: John Wayne filmography

text: Wayne starred in his final film, "The Shootist" in 1976, ending his acting career of 50 years, 169 feature length films, and various other television appearances or voice-overs.


title: John Wayne filmography

text: Results from Quigley's "Motion Picture Herald" annual poll of film exhibitors would determine the year's "Top Ten Stars". John Wayne appeared on the list every time between 1949 and 1973 with one exception – 1958 – indicating that he was one of cinema's most durable stars.


title: Armand Assante

text: Armand Anthony Assante Jr. (; born October 4, 1949) is an American actor. He played mobster John Gotti in the 1996 HBO television film "Gotti", Odysseus in the 1997 mini-series adaptation of Homer's "The Odyssey", Nietzsche in "When Nietzsche Wept", and Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer in 1982's "I, the Jury". His performance in "Gotti" earned him a Primetime Emmy Award and nominations for the Golden Globe Award and the Screen Actors Guild Award.


title: Armand Assante

text: Assante was born in New York City and raised in Cornwall, New York, the son of Armand Anthony Assante Sr. (1922–2017), a painter and artist, and Katharine (née Healy; 1921–2011), a music teacher, English teacher and poet. He is of Italian and Irish descent.


title: Armand Assante

text: During the 1970s, Assante was a regular on two NBC soap operas, "How to Survive a Marriage" as Johnny McGhee and "The Doctors" as Mike Powers. His first film was "The Lords of Flatbush" (1974), although his work did not appear in the final cut of the film and the end credits misspelled his last name as Assanti. His first on-screen role was playing Sylvester Stallone's brother in "Paradise Alley" and a role that brought him greater attention came in 1980's "Private Benjamin" as a handsome Frenchman who becomes the love interest of a U.S. soldier played by Goldie Hawn. In 1984 he portrayed the playboy violin virtuoso Maximillian Stein in the Dudley Moore comedy vehicle "Unfaithfully Yours".


title: Armand Assante

text: Assante has played a number of tough hero characters, such as his starring role as private eye Mike Hammer in the film "I, the Jury" (1982) as well as Mafia gangsters such as Michael Moretti in "Sidney Sheldon's Rage of Angels". In 1990 his role as Roberto Texador in Sidney Lumet's film "Q&A" garnered him a Golden Globe nomination, and the following year he portrayed Bugsy Siegel in Neil Simon's "The Marrying Man" (1991). The following year he was seen as mafia boss Carol D'Allesandro in "Hoffa" (1992) starring Jack Nicholson, and crime kingpin John Gotti in the 1996 made-for-television biopic "Gotti", for which he won his Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie.


title: Armand Assante

text: In addition to mafia and "tough-guy" roles, Assante has appeared in historical dramas, such as Napoleon Bonaparte in 1987's "" opposite Jacqueline Bisset, the heroic Odysseus in "The Odyssey", Friedrich Nietzsche in the film adaptation of Irving Yalom's novel "When Nietzsche Wept", and as Sanchez, Queen Isabella's Minister of State, in "".


title: Armand Assante

text: Other film appearances include one as a Cuban bandleader in "The Mambo Kings" opposite Antonio Banderas and in the adaptation of the science-fiction story "Judge Dredd" with Sylvester Stallone, his co-star in "Paradise Alley". He appeared in the 2007 film "American Gangster" with Denzel Washington and Russell Crowe. He had a recurring guest star role in several episodes of "NCIS", playing the international arms dealer René Benoit. He has also appeared in the 2009 horror film "Smile" as the mysterious Tollinger. Outside of the U.S., he has participated in several film projects and humanitarian endeavors in Romania, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan.


title: Armand Assante

text: From 1982 to 1994, Assante was married to Karen McArn, with whom he had two daughters: Anya (born 1983) and Alesandra (born 1988). He has dated Dyan Cannon and Vanessa Constantino.


title: Rosemary Harris

text: Rosemary Ann Harris (born 19 September 1927) is an English actress. She is the recipient of such accolades as a Primetime Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, and a Tony Award, in addition to nominations for an Academy Award and a BAFTA Award. In 1986, Harris was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame.


title: Rosemary Harris

text: Harris began her stage career in 1948, before making her Broadway debut in 1952. For her New York stage work, she is a four-time Drama Desk Award winner and nine-time Tony Award nominee, winning the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play in 1966 for "The Lion in Winter". On television, she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie for the BBC serial "Notorious Woman", and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Drama for the miniseries "Holocaust" (1978). In film, Harris portrayed Aunt May in Sam Raimi's "Spider-Man" (2002), "Spider-Man 2" (2004), and "Spider-Man 3" (2007). For her performance in "Tom & Viv" (1994), Harris received multiple nominations for the role, including Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.


title: Rosemary Harris

text: Harris was born on 19 September 1927 in Ashby, Suffolk, the daughter of Enid Maude Frances (née Campion) and Stafford Berkeley Harris. One of her grandmothers was from Kronstadt in the Habsburg Empire (today Romania). Her father was in the Royal Air Force and, as a result, Harris' family lived in India during her early childhood. She attended convent schools, and later studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art from 1951 to 1952.


title: Rosemary Harris

text: Early in her acting career, she gained experience in English repertory theatre. In 1948, she acted in "Kiss and Tell" at Eastbourne and Margate with Tilsa Page and John Clark and later with Anthony Cundell's company at Penzance, where she played the mother in "Black Chiffon". She went from Penzance to train at RADA. She first appeared in New York in 1951 in Moss Hart's "Climate of Eden", and then returned to Britain for her West End debut in "The Seven Year Itch" which ran for a year at the Aldwych.


title: Rosemary Harris

text: Harris then entered a classical acting period in productions with the Bristol Old Vic and then the Old Vic, appearing at the latter as Ophelia in the National Theatre Company's opening production of "Hamlet" in October 1963, alongside Peter O'Toole in the title role. Writing in UK newspaper "The Guardian" in 2003 as part of a series on landmark theatre productions, playwright Samantha Ellis noted of the National Theatre's opening night:


title: Rosemary Harris

text: Her first film followed, "Beau Brummell" (1954) with Stewart Granger and Elizabeth Taylor, and then a touring season with the Old Vic brought her back to Broadway in Tyrone Guthrie's production of "Troilus and Cressida". She met Ellis Rabb who had plans to start his own producing company on Broadway. By 1959, the "Association of Producing Artist" (APA) was established, and she and Rabb were married on 4 December of that year.


title: Rosemary Harris

text: In 1962, she returned to Britain and Chichester Festival Theatre during its opening season when the director was Laurence Olivier; she appeared as Elena in Olivier's celebrated 1962–63 Chichester production of "Uncle Vanya". In 1964, she was Ophelia to Peter O'Toole's "Hamlet" in the inaugural production of the Royal National Theatre of Great Britain.


title: Rosemary Harris

text: Returning to New York, she worked further with the APA, and then was cast as Eleanor of Aquitaine in "The Lion in Winter", a performance that garnered her a Tony Award in 1966. Rabb directed her one last time as Natasha in "War and Peace" in 1967, the same year they agreed to divorce. A little while later, Harris married the American writer John Ehle. The two of them can be heard interviewing prospective candidates, Black public school student candidates for scholarships to all-white private "Segregation academies", on surviving recordings. Ehle was the manager for this Stouffer Foundation program.


title: Rosemary Harris

text: Ehle and Harris settled in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, where their daughter, Jennifer, was born in 1969. Jennifer Ehle followed in her mother's footsteps by becoming a noted film, television and Broadway actress.


title: Rosemary Harris

text: In 1974, Harris starred in the BBC TV serial "Notorious Woman", which aired on PBS in the US as part of Masterpiece Theatre. For this role, she won the 1976 Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series. She won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – TV Drama for the 1978 NBC miniseries "Holocaust", which also starred Meryl Streep. Reviewing the BBC's 1983 production of "To the Lighthouse", an adaptation of Virginia Woolf's novel of the same name, "The New York Times"' John J. O'Connor wrote: "A luminous, flawless performance by Miss Harris makes Mrs. Ramsay as memorable on film as she is on the printed page." She received a Best Supporting Actress Oscar nomination for the 1994 film "Tom & Viv". Harris and her daughter Ehle, played the young and elderly incarnations, respectively, of the same character in István Szabó's 1999 film "Sunshine", about a Hungarian Jewish family. They had previously played the young and old Calypso in the Channel 4 production of "The Camomile Lawn" (1992).


title: Rosemary Harris

text: Harris appeared in the rotating cast of the Off-Broadway staged reading of "Wit & Wisdom". In 2007, she received the North Carolina Award for fine arts. Her husband, John Ehle, won the same award in 1972 for literature.


title: Rosemary Harris

text: In 2002, she appeared as Aunt May Parker in the first film adaptation of "Spider-Man", reprising the role in the sequels "Spider-Man 2" (2004) and "Spider-Man 3" (2007).


title: Rosemary Harris

text: On 11 September 2018, a week before her 91st birthday, Harris took over the role of Mrs Higgins in the Broadway revival of "My Fair Lady" from Diana Rigg.


title: Shady Records

text: Shady Records is an American record label founded by rapper Eminem and his manager Paul Rosenberg, after the highly successful release of Eminem's "The Slim Shady LP" (1999).


title: Shady Records

text: Shady has seen positive times when being part of the successful international Anger Management tours and, in 2006, released an album showcasing its roster on "". It was also Shady Records that put together the soundtrack to the Eminem-starring film "8 Mile", which had the lead single "Lose Yourself". The song went on to become the first ever hip hop song to receive an Academy Award for Best Original Song.


title: Shady Records

text: Current acts include Eminem, Bad Meets Evil, Westside Boogie and Grip, while former acts include D12, Obie Trice, 50 Cent, Stat Quo, Bobby Creekwater, Cashis, Slaughterhouse, Yelawolf, Griselda, Westside Gunn and Conway the Machine.


title: Shady Records

text: After Eminem released "The Slim Shady LP", he started his own record label in late 1999. Eminem looked for an avenue to release D12, and Rosenberg was keen to start a label, which led to the 2 teaming up to form Shady. Its A&R Marc Labelle has defined the record label as "a boutique label but [with] all the outlets of a major [and] Interscope backing up our every move."


title: Shady Records

text: D12 was the first act signed by Shady as they had been rapping together since the 1990s, and the members had made a promise that whoever became successful would come back and sign the others. In June 2001, D12 released "Devil's Night", peaking at #1 on the "Billboard" 200. Obie Trice was introduced to Eminem through D12's Bizarre. Eminem signed him in June 2001 as the second Shady act. Obie Trice first got public attention via a freestyle skit on the "Devil's Night" album.


title: Shady Records

text: While working on the film "8 Mile", Eminem had a meeting with then underground rapper 50 Cent. Eminem had heard 50 Cent's early mixtapes, taken them to Dr. Dre and offered him the chance to work together on the artist. 50 Cent became the first solo artist signed to Shady and Aftermath. The "8 Mile" soundtrack was the second Shady LP to be released. The first single was "Lose Yourself", which earned multiple nominations and became a surprise win of an Academy Award for Best Original Song, the first time a hip hop song had ever won the award. The second single was 50 Cent's "Wanksta", which was released as a buzz track and became popular in 50 Cent's home town. During this time, Eminem had also made a deal with DJ Green Lantern, who released the label's first mixtape, "Invasion!", in 2002. He was the DJ for Eminem during the Anger Management Tour.


title: Shady Records

text: The third release from Shady was 50 Cent's "Get Rich or Die Tryin'", in February 2003. The album became the fastest selling debut in U.S. history. Next to be released from Shady was Obie Trice's debut album, "Cheers", six months later. Despite being commercial successful, the LP was considered overshadowed by 50 Cent's music at the time. In 2003, Shady was involved in several controversies with the likes of the inherited Murder Inc. feud that 50 Cent and G-Unit were involved in, on-going problems with the previous co-owners of "The Source" magazine, namely Benzino, as well as escalating issues with rapper Royce da 5'9", who was previously a friend of Eminem and D12.


title: Shady Records

text: Near the end of 2003, Eminem and Dr. Dre signed a joint deal with Stat Quo. Stat Quo became the second artist to be signed to Shady and Aftermath. The following year saw the release of D12's second album, "D12 World". Also, in 2004, Eminem and Rosenberg began a venture offered by Sirius Satellite Radio that saw the airing of their uncensored hip hop radio station, Shade 45. Shady DJ, DJ Green Lantern, was given his own show, whilst 50 Cent's G-Unit DJ, DJ Whoo Kid, co-hosted G-Unit Radio on Saturdays.


title: Shady Records

text: 2005 saw the release of 50 Cent's second release, "The Massacre", which set a record as the sixth fastest selling album since Nielsen SoundScan started tracking albums in 1991, with 1.14 million albums sold in four days. The album was a commercial success, and was only 32,000 records away from being the best-selling album of the year. On "Piggy Bank", a song off the album, 50 Cent insulted several artists, including Jadakiss. The feud between Jadakiss and 50 Cent indirectly led to DJ Green Lantern leaving Shady Records. A few months after the release of "The Massacre", Jadakiss appeared on a street DVD, and had DJ Green Lantern on loudspeaker through his phone, without Green Lantern being aware of this. The DJ shared his thoughts on how to deal with the feud. When the DVD was released and Eminem found out about what happened, Green Lantern had to leave Shady Records and "Shade 45", and his upcoming album, "Armageddon", was no longer a Shady Records-related project. The Alchemist was signed on as the official tour DJ for Eminem on the 2005 "Anger Management 3 Tour", replacing the recently ousted DJ Green Lantern.


title: Shady Records

text: In August 2005, Eminem and the "XXL" magazine teamed up to release a special issue titled "XXL Presents Shade 45", and was designed to give maximum exposure to Shade 45 as a radio station, and at the same time give maximum exposure to the Shady Records label as a whole, as well as the radio DJ's and G-Unit Records' artists. "XXL" executive publisher, Jonathan Rheingold, stated that typically magazines based around particular artists were not favorable, but "since Shade 45 is a truly authentic and uncensored rap radio channel, the marriage with the "XXL" brand made sense," before adding that it's what would interest rap fans. 2005 also saw the signing of Bobby Creekwater to the label, making him the fifth artist and the second Atlanta-based rapper.


title: Shady Records

text: In early 2006, Chicago-born Orange County, California-based rapper named Cashis joined Shady Records, after he managed to get his demo heard by Eminem. Later in 2006, Obie Trice released his second album, "Second Round's on Me". However, the album did not fare as well commercially as his debut, seemingly because of the state of the hip-hop industry. The album saw a change in Obie Trice's style, whose first album was considered to be a little light-hearted. "Second Round's on Me" was considered to be a more serious, dark album, mainly showing the grittiness of Obie Trice's life and surroundings.


title: Shady Records

text: In early 2006, there had been talk of Eminem having the label's roster on a mixtape with new material to be presented by DJ Whoo Kid and The Alchemist. This talk went on for several months. In the end, it was announced that Eminem was so impressed with the mixtape material that he had decided to make it an official album, called "Eminem Presents the Re-Up". The album had been long anticipated, until it was released in early December 2006. The release had spawned the single "You Don't Know", which featured 50 Cent, Lloyd Banks, and the latest signee Cashis.


title: Shady Records

text: In May 2007, Cashis released the eight-track "The County Hound EP" in an attempt to have people "fiend" for his music, or garner interest in it. The album was released as a limited edition EP. September saw the release of 50 Cent's third album with the label, "Curtis", which was involved in a well publicized competition with rapper Kanye West, who had his third album, "Graduation" set for release on the same day. In June 2008, Obie Trice departed from the label. A misunderstanding was made where it was believed he was attacking the label and Eminem on a single titled "The Giant" but they were quickly dismissed. In a statement, Paul Rosenberg stated "Shady Records has agreed to allow Obie Trice to pursue his craft in a different forum free from the constraints of the current major label model [...] Eminem will continue to support and work with Obie on many levels of his career [...] He remains a close friend and member of the Shady family." In a 2012 interview, Obie opened up on the topic, admitting having issues with Interscope Records chairman Jimmy Iovine, which was Trice's fault, clarifying "I was kind of reckless, not on time, certain things and [Iovine] didn't want to further the project with me so we tried to work it out but it just didn’t come to a head so I had to do what I had to do," before going on to note that his relationship with the label is great, and he continues to work with Eminem, notably on "Bottoms Up", which was to be released originally on Shady Records.


title: Shady Records

text: Stat Quo was also released from the label in 2008. Stat felt the root cause appeared to him to be a straining relationship with Eminem stemming from differences relating to the promotion of the album. HipHopDX detailed the events following this point in the situation leading to his release from the label with "Eminem's decision to remove himself from Stat's project, a subsequent, and unexplained, decision made by Dr. Dre to not appear in Stat's video for "Here We Go," and the aforementioned lack of support for the single by parent label, Interscope, Stat began seeking his release from the label." 2009 saw the departure of Bobby Creekwater who had been working on his debut album, "A Brilliant Mistake".


title: Shady Records

text: Slaughterhouse guest featured Eminem's seventh album "Recovery" on the bonus track "Session One". On January 12, 2011, Slaughterhouse and Yelawolf appeared on the cover of the XXL magazine with Eminem, then was confirmed that both acts were signed to Shady Records. On March 2, 2011, a track called "2.0 Boys" performed by Eminem, Slaughterhouse and Yelawolf surfaced.


title: Shady Records

text: On April 25, 2011, Eminem and Royce da 5'9" announced plans to team up for a joint EP, slated for release on June 14. The project served as a long-awaited follow-up to their 1999 collaboration "Nuttin' to Do", and featured production from Mr. Porter, Havoc of Mobb Deep, Bangladesh and more. "Royce and I started hanging out again and inevitably that led us back into the studio", said Eminem in a statement. "At first we were just seeing where it went without any real goal in mind, but the songs started to come together crazy, so here we are." Royce also talked about it, and said: "I'm excited to see this project come to fruition considering the long lapse in time between when we worked before and now. We had a blast doing it and we just hope everyone enjoys it while we're working on the 'Monster' that will be the Slaughterhouse album."


title: Shady Records

text: In October 2011, Yelawolf and Slaughterhouse, along with Eminem, freestyled over East Flatbush Project's "Tried by 12" on a DJ Premier-hosted BET Cypher segment at the 2011 BET Hip Hop Awards. Becoming referred to as the "Shady 2.0 BET Cypher", it was considered to be a fan favorite segment of the cipher sessions presented throughout the awards show, with talk spreading across many online social media outlets, and Twitter having popularised trends relating with the terms "#Cypher" and "#Shady 2.0" as it was airing.


title: Shady Records

text: The label showcased acts at the 2012 SXSW festival on March 16, 2012, at the Austin Music Hall. The evening was presented by Shade 45 radio host Sway Calloway, the Shady Records artist line up for the evening included Slaughterhouse and 50 Cent, who performed his début album "Get Rich or Die Tryin'" in its entirety for the first time. Yelawolf was also scheduled to perform but couldn't due to a spleen injury earlier that month.


title: Shady Records

text: On March 20, 50 Cent announced that his 50 Cent's fifth studio album would be released on July 2, 2012. This was later delayed to November 13, 2012. Another delay was announced, pushing the release back to January 2013. On March 29, 2012, Yelawolf announced his second release under Shady, tentatively titled "Love Story". On May 24, 2012, Eminem announced his eighth studio album, "The Marshall Mathers LP 2", which was then released on November 5, 2013.


title: Shady Records

text: When speaking about all future Shady Records releases president Paul Rosenberg said that Eminem's next album would be released post-Memorial Day 2013 and to expect new music from it soon. He also went on to discuss the other acts saying 50 Cent's "Street King Immortal" would be released in the first half of 2013, with Yelawolf's second album, "Love Story", currently being recorded. Rosenberg would also state that all four members of Slaughterhouse would release solo projects prior to them returning to the studio as a group to record their second album under Shady Records. The first album released would be Joe Budden's "No Love Lost" on February 5, 2013, under E1 Music. The second would be Kxng Crooked's "Apex Predator" released under Treacherous C.O.B and Empire Distribution. However, Royce and Joell Ortiz of Slaughterhouse would confirm in May 2013 that they had put their solo projects on hold, and had begun working on their third studio album.


title: Shady Records

text: On February 20, 2014, 50 Cent announced he left Interscope Records, which included his deal with Shady Records and Aftermath Entertainment, in which he is now signed to Caroline Records.


title: Shady Records

text: On August 25, 2014, a press release on Eminem's official website announced an upcoming compilation album by Shady Records, titled "Shady XV". The two-disc album is scheduled for release on November 24, 2014, in the week of Black Friday and will consist of one greatest hits disc and one disc of new material from Shady Records artists such as D12, Slaughterhouse, Bad Meets Evil, and Yelawolf. On the same day, August 25, 2014, the first single from the album, titled "Guts Over Fear" and featuring singer-songwriter Sia, was released.


title: Shady Records

text: On March 3, 2017, Shady Records and Griselda Records announced that Shady Records had signed Westside Gunn and Conway the Machine to the label both individually and collectively. Following the 2017 BET Hip-Hop Awards on October 11, 2017, Shady Records announced that they had signed Compton rapper Boogie.


title: Shady Records

text: On August 12, 2018, while on tour Yelawolf stated "Trunk Muzik III" would be his final release on Shady Records.


title: Shady Records

text: On August 31, 2018, Eminem released his tenth studio album "Kamikaze" without any prior promotion. The song "Stepping Stone" on that album announces that D12 has officially disbanded.


title: Shady Records

text: On January 25, 2019, Boogie released his debut album "Everything's for Sale". The album was met with critical acclaim. Commercially, it debuted at number 28 on Billboard 200 selling 18,397 album-equivalent units in its first week.


title: Shady Records

text: Then on March 29, 2019, Yelawolf released his last album on Shady Records "Trunk Muzik III". The album debuted at number 28 on the Billboard 200.


title: Shady Records

text: On January 17, 2020, Eminem released his eleventh studio album "Music to Be Murdered By" without any prior announcement. Commercially, it debuted at number one in 12 countries. In the United States, the album sold 279,000 in its first week becoming Eminem's tenth consecutive number-one album in the country. Eminem became the only artist with ten consecutive number-one albums in the United States and United Kingdom.


title: Shady Records

text: The following is the list of all albums released through Shady Records and distributed by Interscope Records. Any additional record label involved are specified.


title: Steve Martin filmography

text: The film roles of American actor and comedian Steve Martin include "The Jerk" (1979), "The Man with Two Brains" (1983), "All of Me" (1984), "Three Amigos" (1986), "Roxanne" (1987), "Planes, Trains and Automobiles" (1987), "Parenthood" (1989), "Father of the Bride" (1991), "Cheaper by the Dozen" (2003), and "The Pink Panther" (2006). Martin has also hosted "Saturday Night Live" 8 times, per an interview in Parade magazine with Martin dated 11/6/2022.


title: Organization of American States

text: The Organization of American States (OAS; , , ; OEA) is an international organization that was founded on 30 April 1948 for the purposes of solidarity and co-operation among its member states within the Americas. Headquartered in the United States capital, Washington, D.C., the OAS has 35 members, which are independent states in the Americas. Since the 1990s, the organization has focused on election monitoring. The head of the OAS is the Secretary General; the incumbent is Uruguayan Luis Almagro.


title: Organization of American States

text: The notion of an international union in the New World was first put forward during the liberation of the Americas by José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar who, at the 1826 Congress of Panama (still being part of Colombia), proposed creating a league of American republics, with a common military, a mutual defense pact, and a supranational parliamentary assembly. This meeting was attended by representatives of Gran Colombia (comprising the modern-day countries of Colombia, Ecuador, Panama and Venezuela), Argentina, Peru, Bolivia, The United Provinces of Central America, and Mexico but the grandly titled "Treaty of Union, League, and Perpetual Confederation" was ultimately ratified only by Gran Colombia. Bolívar's dream soon floundered with civil war in Gran Colombia, the disintegration of Central America, and the emergence of national rather than New World outlooks in the newly independent American republics. Bolívar's dream of inter-American unity was meant to unify Hispanic American nations against external powers.


title: Organization of American States

text: The pursuit of regional solidarity and cooperation again came to the forefront in 1889–1890, at the First International Conference of American States. Gathered together in Washington, D.C., 18 nations resolved to found the International Union of American Republics, served by a permanent secretariat called the Commercial Bureau of the American Republics (renamed the International Commercial Bureau at the Second International Conference in 1901–1902). These two bodies, in existence as of 14 April 1890, represent the point of inception to which the OAS and its General Secretariat trace their origins.


title: Organization of American States

text: At the fourth International Conference of American States (Buenos Aires, 1910), the name of the organization was changed to the Union of American Republics and the Bureau became the Pan American Union. The Pan American Union Building was constructed in 1910, on Constitution Avenue, Northwest, Washington, D.C.


title: Organization of American States

text: In the mid-1930s, U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt organized an inter-American conference in Buenos Aires. One of the items at the conference was a "League of Nations of the Americas", an idea proposed by Colombia, Guatemala, and the Dominican Republic. At the subsequent Inter-American Conference for the Maintenance of Peace, 21 nations pledged to remain neutral in the event of a conflict between any two members. The experience of World War II convinced hemispheric governments that unilateral action could not ensure the territorial integrity of the American nations in the event of external aggression. To meet the challenges of global conflict in the postwar world and to contain conflicts within the hemisphere, they adopted a system of collective security, the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (Rio Treaty) signed in 1947 in Rio de Janeiro.


title: Organization of American States

text: The ninth International Conference of American States was held in Bogotá between March and May 1948 and led by United States Secretary of State George Marshall, a meeting which led to a pledge by members to fight communism in the western hemisphere. This was the event that saw the birth of the OAS as it stands today, with the signature by 21 American countries of the Charter of the Organization of American States on 30 April 1948 (in effect since December 1951). The meeting also adopted the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, the world's first general human rights instrument.


title: Organization of American States

text: The transition from the Pan American Union to OAS would have been smooth if it had not been for the assassination of Colombian leader Jorge Eliécer Gaitán. The Director General of the former, Alberto Lleras Camargo, became the Organization's first Secretary General. The current Secretary General is former Uruguayan minister of foreign affairs Luis Almagro.


title: Organization of American States

text: The OAS conducted an audit of the 2019 Bolivian general election, which opposition supporters argued was fraudulent. The OAS report contended that the results were marred by "clear manipulation" and significant irregularities leading to the 2019 Bolivian political crisis. Bolivian president Evo Morales resigned soon after, having lost the confidence of the country's military in what he described as a coup. Some media outlets debated whether it should be referred to as a coup. On 21 December, the Technical Mission of Electoral Experts sent by the European Union published a 67-page report made similar observations and conclusions to that of the OAS. They noted that "there were minutes with an unusually high number of null votes, blank votes and a hundred percent participation of voters in a series of polling stations" and highlighted the general failure of the TSE to declare these irregularities. Studies commissioned by the American left-leaning think tank CEPR, argued that the OAS report's statistical analysis was inaccurate and unreliable. The author of the OAS's vote return analysis stated that the CEPR's explanation of the results was implausible. The organization has been criticized by Mexico and the CEPR for their perception of interference into the internal affairs of Bolivia. The OAS observed the subsequent 2020 Bolivian general election stating there was no evidence of fraud. "The New York Times" concluded that there was some fraud, but that it was unclear how much or if it was sufficient to change the result of the election, and suggested the initial analysis by the OAS was flawed.


title: Organization of American States

text: In April 2022, Nicaragua reported the completion of its withdrawal process from the OAS initiated in November 2021, though the OAS stated that per the terms of treaty the withdrawal would not take effect until 2023.


title: Organization of American States

text: Significant milestones in the history of the OAS since the signing of the Charter have included the following:


title: Organization of American States

text: In the words of Article 1 of the Charter, the goal of the member nations in creating the OAS was "to achieve an order of peace and justice, to promote their solidarity, to strengthen their collaboration, and to defend their sovereignty, their territorial integrity, and their independence." Article 2 then defines eight essential purposes:


title: Organization of American States

text: Over the course of the 1990s, with the end of the Cold War, the return to democracy in Latin America, and the thrust toward globalization, the OAS made major efforts to reinvent itself to fit the new context. Its stated priorities now include the following:


title: Organization of American States

text: The Organization of American States is composed of an Organization of American States General Secretariat, the Permanent Council, the Inter-American Council for Integral Development, and a number of committees.


title: Organization of American States

text: The OAS has two funds, one for the General Secretariat, and one for specific programs and initiatives. The General Assembly asks for contributions from each member country based on its capacity to pay. In 2018 the General Secretariat's budget was $85 million of which the US contributed $50 million. In 2017 the US contributed $17 million to the fund for specific programmes which was almost a third of the total contributions for that year.


title: Organization of American States

text: The General Assembly is the supreme decision-making body of OAS. It convenes once every year in a regular session. In special circumstances, and with the approval of two-thirds of the member states, the Permanent Council can convene special sessions.


title: Organization of American States

text: The Organization's member states take turns hosting the General Assembly on a rotating basis. The states are represented at its sessions by their chosen delegates: generally, their ministers of foreign affairs, or their appointed deputies. Each state has one vote, and most matters—except for those for which the Charter or the General Assembly's own rules of procedure specifically require a two-thirds majority—are settled by a simple majority vote.


title: Organization of American States

text: The General Assembly's powers include setting the OAS's general course and policies by means of resolutions and declarations; approving its budget and determining the contributions payable by the member states; approving the reports and previous year's actions of the OAS's specialized agencies; and electing members to serve on those agencies.


title: Organization of American States

text: The later expansion of the OAS included Canada and the newly independent nations of the Caribbean. Members with later admission dates (sorted chronologically):


title: Organization of American States

text: Although Canada was a founding member of the League of Nations in 1919 and has joined international organizations since that date, it chose not to join the OAS when it was first formed, despite its close relations with the United States. Canada became a Permanent Observer in the OAS on 2 February 1972. Canada signed the Charter of the Organization of American States on 13 November 1989 and this decision was ratified on 8 January 1990.


title: Organization of American States

text: In 2004–2005, Canada was the second largest contributor to the OAS, with an annual assessed contribution representing 12.36 percent of the OAS Regular Budget (US$9.2 million) and an additional C$9 million in voluntary contributions to specific projects. Shortly after joining as a full member, Canada was instrumental in the creation of the Unit for the Promotion of Democracy, which provides support for the strengthening and consolidation of democratic processes and institutions in OAS member states.


title: Organization of American States

text: During the 6th Conference of Foreign Ministers of the Organization of American States (OAS) in Costa Rica, from 16 to 20 August 1960, a conviction against the State of the Dominican Republic was agreed to unanimously. The penalty was motivated because the foreign ministers checked the veracity of the claim that the Rafael Trujillo regime had sponsored an attack against Rómulo Betancourt, at that time, constitutional president of Venezuela. The meeting was attended by foreign ministers from 21 American nations, including Cuba, which at that time had not yet been expelled from the inter-American system.


title: Organization of American States

text: All countries, including the United States and Haiti, broke off diplomatic relations with the Dominican Republic. Additionally an economic blockade that affected the exports of sugar was applied, which at that time was the pillar of the Dominican economy.


title: Organization of American States

text: It was the first application of the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, which had been adopted at the OAS on 29 July 1960.


title: Organization of American States

text: The current government of Cuba was excluded from participation in the Organization under a decision adopted by the Eighth Meeting of Consultation in Punta del Este, Uruguay, on 31 January 1962. The vote was passed by 14 in favor, with one against (Cuba) and six abstentions (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, and Mexico). The operative part of the resolution reads as follows:


title: Organization of American States

text: This meant that the Cuban nation was still technically a member state, but that the current government was denied the right of representation and attendance at meetings and of participation in activities. The OAS's position was that although Cuba's participation was suspended, its obligations under the Charter, the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, etc. still hold: for instance, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights continued to publish reports on Cuba's human rights situation and to hear individual cases involving Cuban nationals. However, this stance was occasionally questioned by other individual member states.


title: Organization of American States

text: The resolution to exclude Cuba was controversial when it was adopted, and the reintegration of Cuba into the Inter-American system has remained a frequent source of contention among the countries of the hemisphere ever since. Cuba's position was stated in an official note sent to the Organization "merely as a courtesy" by Minister of Foreign Affairs Raúl Roa on 4 November 1964: "Cuba was arbitrarily excluded ... The Organization of American States has no juridical, factual, or moral jurisdiction, nor competence, over a state which it has illegally deprived of its rights." The reincorporation of Cuba as an active member regularly arose as a topic within the inter-American system for instance, it was intimated by the outgoing ambassador of Mexico in 1998but most observers did not see it as a serious possibility while the present government remained in power. Since 1960, the Cuban administration had repeatedly characterized the OAS as the "Ministry of Colonies" of the United States of America. Fidel Castro and his brother Raúl attacked the OAS as a "Yankee bordello" and "instrument of imperialist domination" and vowed that Cuba would never join, although OAS rescinded the nation's expulsion in 2009 and invited it to apply for readmission. Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez promised to veto any final declaration of the 2009 Summit of the Americas due to Cuba's exclusion.


title: Organization of American States

text: On 17 April 2009, after a "trading of warm words" between the administrations of U.S. President Barack Obama and Cuban leader Raúl Castro, OAS Secretary General José Miguel Insulza said he would ask the 2009 General Assembly to annul the 1962 resolution excluding Cuba.


title: Organization of American States

text: On 3 June 2009, foreign ministers assembled in San Pedro Sula, Honduras, for the OAS's 39th General Assembly, passed a vote to lift Cuba's suspension from the OAS. The United States had been pressuring the OAS for weeks to condition Cuba's readmission to the group on democratic principles and commitment to human rights. Ecuador's Foreign Minister Fander Falconí said there will be no such conditions. "This is a new proposal, it has no conditions—of any kind," Falconí said. "That suspension was made in the Cold War, in the language of the Cold War. What we have done here is fix a historic error." The suspension was lifted at the end of the General Assembly, but, to be readmitted to the Organization, Cuba will need to comply with all the treaties signed by the Member States, including the Inter-American Democratic Charter of 2001. A statement issued by the Cuban government on 8 June 2009 stated that while Cuba welcomed the Assembly's gesture, in light of the Organization's historical record "Cuba will not return to the OAS."


title: Organization of American States

text: Following the expulsion of its President Manuel Zelaya, Honduras' membership of the Organization was suspended unanimously at midnight on 5 July 2009. The "de facto" government had already announced it was leaving the OAS hours earlier; this was not, however, taken into account by the OAS, which did not recognize that government as legitimate. An extraordinary meeting had been conducted by the OAS in Washington, D.C., with Zelaya in attendance. The suspension of Honduras was approved unanimously with 33 votes (Honduras did not vote). This was the first suspension carried out by the OAS since that of Cuba in 1962.


title: Organization of American States

text: After Zelaya's return to Honduras in 2011, the country was re-admitted to the Organization on 1 June 2011 with 32 votes in favor and 1 (Ecuador) against. Venezuela expressed some reservations.


title: Organization of American States

text: On 28 April 2017, Venezuela notified the OAS of its denunciation of the Charter of the OAS, which as per Article 143 would lead to the withdrawal of Venezuela from the OAS effective two years from the date of notification. During this period, the country did not plan on participating in the OAS.


title: Organization of American States

text: During the 2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis, the President of the National Assembly of Venezuela Juan Guaidó, who was recognized by the National Assembly as the acting president, sent a letter to the OAS Secretary General annulling the previous denunciation of the OAS Charter, and expressing his desire for Venezuela to remain a member of the OAS. The National Assembly designated a special envoy as representative to the OAS, lawyer Gustavo Tarre Briceño, who the OAS voted to recognize as Venezuela's delegate in April. In October 2022, a bloc of leftist OAS member states led a motion to remove Tarre's representation in the organization. Out of 35 members, 19 nations voted in favor of the motion and 4 against. The motion fell short of the 24 votes required for a two-thirds majority.


title: Organization of American States

text: On 7 November 2021, Nicaragua held a general election which saw President Daniel Ortega re-elected to a fourth term in office. In a vote by the OAS Permanent Council, 25 member states voted in favour of a resolution condemning the election, whilst 7 countries abstained, including Mexico, Honduras and Bolivia. The motion stated that the election was "not free, fair or transparent and lack[s] democratic legitimacy" and also instructed the Permanent Council to undertake an assessment of the situation and "take appropriate action".


title: Organization of American States

text: In response to this criticism, Nicaraguan Foreign Minister Denis Moncada announced on 19 November that Nicaragua would depart from the OAS. Moncada called the bloc "an instrument of interference and intervention" and accused it of "facilitating the hegemony of the United States with its interventionism over the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean." According to Article 143 of the Founding Charter of the OAS, the process to withdraw from the organization takes two years after its announcement.


title: Organization of American States

text: In April 2022, Nicaragua announced that it had completed its withdrawal from the OAS. It said the OAS' offices in Managua had been closed. However, the OAS stated that per the terms of treaty the withdrawal would not take effect until 2023.


title: Organization of American States

text: As of 31 January 2014, there are 69 permanent observer countries including the four countries with territory or territories in the Americas—Denmark, France, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom; as well as the European Union and India.


title: Organization of American States

text: In March 2022, the OAS voted to suspend Russia as a permanent observer due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.


title: Organization of American States

text: The Organization's official languages are Spanish, Portuguese, French, and English. The Charter, the basic instrument governing OAS, makes no reference to the use of official languages. These references are to be found in the Rules of Procedure governing the various OAS bodies. Article 51 of the Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly, the supreme body of the OAS, which meets once a year, states that English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish are the four official languages. Article 28 stipulates that a Style Committee shall be set up with representatives of the four official languages to review the General Assembly resolutions and declarations. Article 53 states that proposals shall be presented in the four official languages. The Rules of Procedure and Statutes of other bodies, such as the Inter-American Council for Integral Development (CIDI), the Permanent Executive Committee of the Inter-American Council for Integral Development (CEPCIDI), the Inter-American Commission of Women (CIM), the Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD), the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) and the Inter-American Juridical Committee (CJI), technical bodies of the OAS, also mention the four official languages in which their meetings are to be conducted. Policy is therefore dictated through these instruments that require use of the four official languages at meetings.


title: Organization of American States

text: Although a number of other languages have official status in one or more member states of OAS (Dutch in Suriname; Haitian Creole alongside French in Haiti; Quechua and Aymara in Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia; Guaraní in Paraguay), they are not official languages of the Organization.


The 2022 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election was a leadership election held by the Conservative Party of Canada to elect the successor to Erin O'Toole. He was removed on February 2, 2022, as leader by the party's caucus in the House of Commons of Canada by a vote of 73–45. Candice Bergen was chosen as interim party leader and served until a permanent leader was elected.


title: 2022 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election

text: Five candidates were running for the position, including former Cabinet minister and Member of Parliament Pierre Poilievre, former Cabinet minister, former leader of the Progressive Conservative Party, and former Quebec Premier Jean Charest, Member of Parliament Leslyn Lewis, Member of Parliament Scott Aitchison, and former Ontario Member of Provincial Parliament Roman Baber. Former member of parliament, former leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, and Brampton, Ontario Mayor Patrick Brown also ran for the position, but was disqualified in early July due to his campaign's alleged violations of the financial provisions of the "Canada Elections Act".


text: On September 10, it was announced that Poilievre won the leadership on the first ballot. This was the first leadership election since 2004 which resulted in a first-ballot victory.


text: Following the 2021 Canadian federal election, the Conservative Party remained the Official Opposition with a loss of two seats, leaving it with 119 seats in the House of Commons. O'Toole announced that he had enough support to remain leader, and launched a review of the Conservative election campaign. James Cumming was selected to lead the review.


text: In November 2021, Senator Denise Batters launched an internal party petition to review O'Toole's leadership. Party president Robert Batherson quickly decided the petition was not in order. The following day, Batters was removed from the National Conservative Caucus, although she retained her membership in the Saskatchewan Conservative Caucus and the Conservative Senate Caucus.


text: In late January 2022, Cumming completed his review and briefed Conservative MPs and senators on his findings. His report blamed party staff for "over managing" O'Toole during the campaign, and said O'Toole needed to be more "authentic" and Conservatives failed to craft policy on some issues. In response to the report, O'Toole acknowledged that he needed to appear less "scripted" during the final days of the campaign.


text: On January 31, 2022, Conservative MP Bob Benzen submitted a letter with signatures from 35 Conservative MPs calling for a leadership review, pursuant to the "Reform Act", of O'Toole's leadership to the Conservative caucus chair, Scott Reid. In the letter, Benzen criticized O'Toole's reversal on repealing Liberal Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's carbon tax and assault weapons ban.


text: This was the first time the "Reform Act" leadership-removal provisions were invoked. During the review, held on February 2, 2022, 45 MPs voted to retain him against 73 who voted for his removal. Immediately following his removal the Conservative caucus voted by secret ballot to appoint Candice Bergen as interim leader.


text: In addition to Bergen, eight other caucus members sought to be appointed interim leader, including John Barlow, John Brassard, Kerry-Lynne Findlay, Marilyn Gladu, Tom Kmiec, Rob Moore and John Williamson.


text: On March 8, 2022, the party's Leadership Election Organizing Committee released the Rules and Procedures for the 2022 Leadership document. As in the previous two leadership elections, the vote will be held under instant-runoff voting in which each electoral district is given 100 points, distributed according to the weight of a candidate's vote in that electoral district. Should no candidate receive more than 50% of the points in a round, the candidate with the lowest amount of points is removed and their points reallocated to the next highest choice on the ballots that had selected them. Voting is only open to those who are members of the Conservative Party of Canada as of June 3.


text: To be considered as a candidate, a member of the party had to apply by April 19 to the Leadership Candidate Nominating Committee with a completed Leadership Contestant Questionnaire, a written endorsement of the party's Code of Conduct policy document, and a $50,000 deposit. Then the member had until April 29 to provide the remaining $150,000 registration fee, a $100,000 security deposit (related to providing financial filings and adherence to the Rules and Procedures document), and 500 signatures of endorsement from party members (which must span at least 30 Electoral Districts in 7 provinces). The document limited expenses to $7,000,000 and prohibited accepting contributions from non-residents and foreign entities. Ballots were mailed to Conservative party members in late July or early August with the results being released on September 10. Media coverage of the 2022 race has described it as "the most expensive-to-enter race in Canadian history".


text: On March 30, 2022, concerns arose that the party's membership lists may have been compromised and used to make fake donation pledges. Melanie Paradis, a former staffer to Erin O'Toole, posted a warning to Twitter about the alleged breach, saying that she was contacted about a $120 donation pledge she never made. Laurence Toth, spokesman for the Charest campaign, said someone had made numerous false donations pledges using a Ukrainian IP address, saying it was an "obvious attempt to create chaos" for the campaign. The party has denied that members' data had been compromised but is investigating the incidents.


text: In early April, Charest raised the prospect that Poilievre's support for the Freedom Convoy protests in Ottawa – as expressed in a 10 February podcast during which Poilievre said "I'm proud of the truckers and I stand with them," – disqualified him from being party leader. In response to Charest's comments, Poilievre said Charest was "repeating Liberal lies about truckers" and stated that Charest's consulting work for Huawei "sold out Canada's security" and disqualifies him from becoming Prime Minister.


text: On April 12, 2022, Poilievre raised concerns of potential fraud through the use of prepaid credit cards to purchase party memberships. A lawyer for his campaign sent a letter to the leadership election organizing committee demanding that it prohibit the use of prepaid cards to purchase memberships, and saying the campaign would take "appropriate steps to require the party comply" if it did not receive an "acceptable response" in a few days. The use of prepaid credit cards for the leadership election was banned on April 14.


text: On July 5, 2022, Patrick Brown was disqualified from the race by the party's Leadership Election Organizing Committee. In a statement, Ian Brodie, the chair of the committee, said that the disqualification was recommended by the party's chief returning officer after receiving information on alleged violations of the financial provisions of the Canada Elections Act by Brown's campaign.


text: On September 10, 2022, the Conservative Party announced that Pierre Poilievre had won the election in the first round with 68% of points.


text: Poilievre won the leadership election in a landslide, carrying 330 of 338 ridings with at least a plurality. In both points and vote, Poilievre won the largest share ever in a Conservative Party of Canada leadership election, eclipsing Stephen Harper, who won with 56% of points and 69% of the vote in 2004. Poilievre also eclipsed Harper's 2004 victory in terms of votes cast, winning with 70% of the vote. Polls before the announcement of results, from Ipsos and Leger, had shown him at 54% and 63% support respectively (both 44% when including undecideds) among Conservative Party supporters. This was also the first time since the 2004 leadership election that the winner was determined on the first ballot. Last Conservative leader Erin O'Toole won on the third round with 57% of points.


text: The only other candidate to win a plurality in any ridings was Jean Charest, whose support mostly came from Quebec, though Poilievre still won 72 of the province's 78 ridings. Charest won his former federal riding of Sherbrooke, all other candidates losing their ridings to Poilievre.


text: Canada Strong and Free Network invited all declared candidates to its debate, but only candidates who satisfied the party's verified criteria were ultimately permitted to attend. Dalton and Bourgault had agreed to attend the debate, but both failed to become verified contestants. Brown did not attend the first unofficial debate held by the Strong and Free Network.


text: The Independent Press Gallery of Canada debate was cancelled due to an insufficient number of candidates attending. Dalton had agreed to join the debate before he failed to qualify as a candidate. Baber, Charest, and Lewis had also agreed, but Aitchison, Brown, and Poilievre did not, and thus the debate was cancelled.


text: Verified candidates are required to attend all official debates organized by the party's Leadership Election Organizing Committee. In April 2022, the committee advised candidates that they reserved the right to hold a third official debate in August. In July, the committee announced that it would be holding a third debate. Immediately following the announcement, Poilievre said he would not be attending the debate. A week later, Lewis announced that she would also not participate in the third official debate. Under the leadership election rules both face a fine of at least $50,000 if they do not attend.


text: In addition to the debates, there was also a candidate's forum held by seven Greater Toronto Area Conservative electoral district associations in Burlington, Ontario on May 1, 2022. All verified candidates were in attendance and gave six-minute speeches.


text: Grant Abraham, is a lawyer, columnist and unsuccessful candidate in the 2019 United Kingdom general election in the constituency of Strangford, where he stood for the Northern Ireland Conservatives. Abraham attended high school in Abbotsford, British Columbia, before completing bachelor's degree in business and English at Trinity Western University. He completed a law degree at Queen's University Belfast. Abraham announced his candidacy on March 29, 2022. His candidacy was approved on April 27, 2022, and on April 30, 2022, he was said to have met the requirements and was awaiting verification. On May 2, 2022, it was announced he did not meet qualifications. Abraham later said that he had met the financial and signature requirements, but that after submitting his application he was told that he had been "deemed ineligible" by the party. He has asked the party for clarification on why he was disqualified.


text: Leona Alleslev, 54, is the former Deputy Leader of the Conservative Party of Canada (2019–2020), and former MP for Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond Hill (2015–2021). Before entering politics, Alleslev was an air force officer and corporate manager, having worked for IBM and Bombardier. She launched a campaign website on March 26, 2022, before becoming an approved contestant in mid-April. At the time, her campaign manager, Steve Gilchrist, said that they had collected the required signatures for Alleslev to become a verified contestant, but that the fundraising requirement of $300,000 was a "very high bar" which needed to be met in "very short time frame". He said it may be designed to exclude candidates from the leadership election. On April 29, 2022, Alleslev announced that she was withdrawing from the leadership election having failed to raise $300,000 required to pay the entry fee and deposit by that deadline. Alleslev had called for a significant increase to Canada's defence spending.


text: Joseph Bourgault, CEO of Bourgault Tillage Tools and founder of Canadians for Truth. He lives in St. Brieux, Saskatchewan. Bourgault announced his candidacy on March 9, 2022. He was approved on April 22, 2022. On April 28, 2022, Bourgault claimed to have raised $400,000 and received 1,000 signatures, and was waiting for final approval from the party. However, on May 2, 2022, it was announced he did not meet qualifications. Bourgault had said on social media that he had met the financial and signature requirements.


text: Marc Dalton, 61, MP for Pitt Meadows—Maple Ridge (2019–present), MLA for Maple Ridge-Mission (2009–2017). Before entering politics, Dalton was a teacher in British Columbia. He identifies as of French and Métis heritage. Dalton is bilingual in English and French. He announced his candidacy on March 20, 2022. On April 17, 2022 he was approved as a candidate. On April 29, 2022 it was announced that he failed to qualify as a verified candidate. Dalton said he needed "just a bit more time" to raise the necessary funds. He endorsed Leslyn Lewis for leader.


text: Joel Etienne, is a lawyer, movie producer, and 2021 candidate in York Centre. He also ran as a candidate for the Canadian Alliance in the 2000 election in Eglinton—Lawrence. He is originally from New Brunswick, and graduated from the University of Moncton. He announced his candidacy on March 28, 2022. His candidacy was approved on April 28, 2022, and on April 29, 2022, Etienne claimed to have met all of the party's requirements. However, on May 1, 2022, it was announced that Etienne did not meet the requirements and failed to become a verified candidate. Etienne later said that he had met the financial and signature requirements. He is seeking clarification from the on why he was disqualified, but says that he faced "racialized stereotypes" and questions about association with Falun Gong. He endorsed Jean Charest for leader.


text: Bobby Singh, is a Toronto-based businessman who was the party's candidate for Scarborough—Rouge Park, Ontario in the 2019 election. Singh briefly sought the Conservative leadership in 2020 but withdrew early after failing to satisfy the application criteria. On March 18, 2022, Singh announced his candidacy for the 2022 leadership election. By April 29, 2022, he had failed to become an approved contestant.


text: Polls were also conducted to garner the prospective voting intentions of the public for the various political parties under each leadership candidate in a general election.


title: James L. Brooks

text: James Lawrence Brooks (born May 9, 1940) is an American director, producer, screenwriter and co-founder of Gracie Films. His television and film work includes "The Mary Tyler Moore Show", "Taxi", "The Simpsons", "Broadcast News", "As Good as It Gets", and "Terms of Endearment".


title: James L. Brooks

text: While growing up in North Bergen, New Jersey, Brooks endured a fractured family life and passed the time by reading and writing. After dropping out of New York University, he got a job as an usher at CBS, going on to write for the CBS News broadcasts. He moved to Los Angeles in 1965 to work on David L. Wolper's documentaries. After being laid off he met producer Allan Burns who secured him a job as a writer on the series "My Mother the Car".


title: James L. Brooks

text: Brooks wrote for several shows before being hired as a story editor on "My Friend Tony" and later created the series "Room 222". Grant Tinker hired Brooks and Burns at MTM Productions to create "The Mary Tyler Moore Show" in 1970. The show, one of the first to feature an independent working woman as its lead character, was critically acclaimed and won Brooks several Primetime Emmy Awards. Brooks and Burns then created two successful spin-offs from "Mary Tyler Moore": "Rhoda" (a comedy) and "Lou Grant" (a drama). Brooks left MTM Productions in 1978 to co-create the sitcom "Taxi" which, despite winning multiple Emmys, suffered from low ratings and was canceled twice.


title: James L. Brooks

text: Brooks moved into feature film work when he wrote and co-produced the 1979 film "Starting Over". His next project was the critically acclaimed film "Terms of Endearment", which he produced, directed and wrote, winning an Academy Award for all three roles. Basing his next film, "Broadcast News", on his journalistic experiences, the film earned him a further two Academy Award nominations. Although his 1994 work "I'll Do Anything" was hampered by negative press attention due to the cutting of all of its recorded musical numbers, "As Good as It Gets" (co-written with Mark Andrus) earned further praise. It was seven years until his next film, 2004's "Spanglish". His sixth film, "How Do You Know", was released in 2010. Brooks also produced and mentored Cameron Crowe on "Say Anything..." (1989) and Wes Anderson and Owen Wilson on "Bottle Rocket" (1996).


title: James L. Brooks

text: In 1986, Brooks founded the television and film company, Gracie Films. Although he did not intend to do so, Brooks returned to television in 1987 as the producer of "The Tracey Ullman Show". He hired cartoonist Matt Groening to create a series of shorts for the show, which eventually led to "The Simpsons" in 1989. "The Simpsons" won numerous awards and is still running after 30+ years. Brooks also co-produced and co-wrote the 2007 film adaptation of the show, "The Simpsons Movie". In total, Brooks has received 53 Emmy nominations, winning 21 of them.


title: James L. Brooks

text: James Lawrence Brooks was born on May 9, 1940, in the Brooklyn borough of New York City, and raised in North Bergen, New Jersey. His parents, Dorothy Helen (née Sheinheit) and Edward M. Brooks, were both salespeople (his mother sold children's clothes; his father furniture). The Brooks family was Jewish; Edward Brooks changed his surname from Bernstein and claimed to be Irish. Brooks's father abandoned his mother when he found out she was pregnant with him, and lost contact with his son when Brooks was twelve. During the pregnancy, Brooks' father sent his wife a postcard stating that "If it's a boy, name him Jim." His mother died when he was 22. He has described his early life as "tough" with a "broken home, [and him being] poor and sort of lonely, that sort of stuff", later adding: "My father was sort of in-and-out and my mother worked long hours, so there was no choice but for me to be alone in the apartment a lot." He has an older sister, Diane, who helped look after him as a child and to whom he dedicated "As Good as It Gets".


title: James L. Brooks

text: Brooks spent much of his childhood "surviving" and reading numerous comedic and scripted works, as well as writing; he sent comedic short stories out to publishers, and occasionally got positive responses, although none were published, and he did not believe he could make a career as a writer. Brooks attended Weehawken High School, but was not a high achiever. He was on his high school newspaper team and frequently secured interviews with celebrities, including Louis Armstrong. He lists some of his influences as Sid Caesar, Jack Benny, Lenny Bruce, Mike Nichols and Elaine May, as well as writers Paddy Chayefsky and F. Scott Fitzgerald.


title: James L. Brooks

text: In 1987, the "Chicago Sun-Times" described Brooks's career as "a non-stop crescendo." Although he dropped out of a New York University public relations course, Brooks' sister got him a job as a host at CBS in New York City, a job usually requiring a college education, as she was friends with a secretary there. He held it for two and a half years. For two weeks he filled in as a copywriter for CBS News and was given the job permanently when the original employee never returned. Brooks went on to become a writer for the news broadcasts, joining the Writers Guild of America and writing reports on events such as the assassination of President Kennedy. He moved to Los Angeles in 1965, to write for documentaries being produced by David L. Wolper, something he "still [hasn't] quite figured out how [he] got the guts to do," as his job at CBS was secure and well-paid. He worked as an associate producer on series such as "Men in Crisis", but after six months he was laid off as the company was trying to cut back on expenses. Brooks did occasionally work for Wolper's company again, including on a "National Geographic" insect special.


title: James L. Brooks

text: Failing to find another job at a news agency, he met producer Allan Burns at a party. Burns got him a job on "My Mother the Car" where he was hired to rewrite a script after pitching some story ideas. Brooks then went on to write episodes of "That Girl", "The Andy Griffith Show" and "My Three Sons" before Sheldon Leonard hired him as a story editor on "My Friend Tony". In 1969 he created the series "Room 222" for ABC, which lasted until 1974. "Room 222" was the second series in American history to feature a black lead character, in this case high school teacher Pete Dixon played by Lloyd Haynes. The network felt the show was sensitive and so attempted to change the pilot story so that Dixon helped a white student rather than a black one, but Brooks prevented it. On the show Brooks worked with Gene Reynolds who taught him the importance of extensive and diligent research, which he conducted at Los Angeles High School for "Room 222", and he used the technique on his subsequent works. Brooks left "Room 222" as head writer after one year to work on other pilots and brought Burns in to produce the show.


title: James L. Brooks

text: Brooks and Burns were hired by CBS programming executive Grant Tinker to create a series together with MTM Productions for Tinker's wife Mary Tyler Moore which became "The Mary Tyler Moore Show". Drawing on his own background in journalism, Brooks set the show in a newsroom. Initially the show was unpopular with CBS executives who demanded Tinker fire Brooks and Burns. However the show was one of the beneficiaries of network president Fred Silverman's "rural purge"; executive Bob Wood also liked the show and moved it into a better timeslot. Brooks and Burns hired all of the show's staff themselves and eventually ended it of their own accord. "The Mary Tyler Moore Show" became a critical and commercial success and was the first show to feature an independent-minded, working woman, not reliant on a man, as its lead. Geoff Hammill of the Museum of Broadcast Communications described it as "one of the most acclaimed television programs ever produced" in US television history. During its seven-year period it received high praise from critics and numerous Primetime Emmy Awards, including for three years in a row "Outstanding Comedy Series". In 2003 "USA Today" called it "one of the best shows ever to air on TV". In 1997 "TV Guide" selected a "Mary Tyler Moore Show" episode as the best TV episode ever and in 1999, "Entertainment Weekly" picked Mary's hat toss in the opening credits as television's second greatest moment.


title: James L. Brooks

text: With "Mary Tyler Moore" going strong, Brooks produced and wrote the TV film "Thursday's Game", before creating the short-lived series "Paul Sand in Friends and Lovers" in 1974. He and Burns moved on to "Rhoda", a spin-off of "Mary Tyler Moore", taking Valerie Harper's character Rhoda Morgenstern into her own show. It was well received, lasting four years and earning Brooks several Emmys. The duo's next project came in 1977 in the shape of "Lou Grant", a second "Mary Tyler Moore" spin-off, which they created along with Tinker. Unlike its source however, the series was a drama starring Edward Asner as Grant. James Brown of the Museum of Broadcast Communications said it "explore[d] a knotty issue facing media people in contemporary society, focusing on how investigating and reporting those issues impact on the layers of personalities populating a complex newspaper publishing company." The show was also critically acclaimed, twice winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series and also a Peabody Award.


title: James L. Brooks

text: Brooks left MTM Productions in 1978 and formed the John Charles Walters Company along with David Davis, Stan Daniels and Ed Weinberger. They decided to produce "Taxi", a show about a New York taxi company, which unlike the other MTM Productions focused on the "blue-collar male experience". Brooks and Davis had been inspired by the article "Night-Shifting for the Hip Fleet" by , which appeared in the September 22, 1975 issue of "New York" magazine. The show began on ABC in 1978 airing on Tuesday nights after "Three's Company" which generated high ratings and after two seasons it was moved to Wednesday. Its ratings fell and in 1982 it was canceled; NBC picked it up, but the ratings remained low and it was dropped after one season. Despite its ratings, it won three consecutive Outstanding Comedy Series Emmys. Brooks' last TV show produced before he began making films was "The Associates" (1979–1980) for ABC. Despite positive critical attention, the show was quickly canceled.


title: James L. Brooks

text: Alex Simon of "Venice Magazine" described Brooks as "[bringing] realism to the previously overstated world of television comedy. Brooks' fingerprints can now be seen in shows such as "Seinfeld", "Friends", "Ally McBeal" and numerous other shows from the 1980s and 1990s." Brooks' sitcoms were some of the first with a "focus on character" using an ensemble cast in a non-domestic situation.


title: James L. Brooks

text: In 1978, Brooks began work on feature films. His first project was the 1979 film "Starting Over" which he wrote and co-produced with Alan J. Pakula. He adapted the screenplay from a novel by Dan Wakefield into a film "The Washington Post" called "a good-humored, heartening update of traditional romantic comedy" unlike the "drab" novel.


title: James L. Brooks

text: Brooks' next project came in 1983, when he wrote, produced and directed "Terms of Endearment", adapting the screenplay from Larry McMurtry's novel of the same name. It cost $8.5 million and took four years to film. Brooks won the Academy Awards for Best Picture, Director and Adapted Screenplay.


title: James L. Brooks

text: Brooks was fearful of the attention Oscar success would bring as he would be "deprived of a low profile", finding it "hard to work with the spotlight shining in your eyes." He added: "There's a danger of being seduced into being self-conscious, of being aware of your 'career'. That can be lethal." He also grew more concerned of the "threatening" corporate influence into the film industry at the expense of "the idea of the creative spirit". He channeled this ambivalence into "Broadcast News". As a romantic comedy, Brooks felt he could say "something new ... with that form" adding "One of the things you're supposed to do every once in a while as a filmmaker is capture time and place. I was just glad there was some way to do it in a comedy." He cast William Hurt, Holly Hunter and Albert Brooks (no relation) in the three main roles.


title: James L. Brooks

text: He wished to set the film in a field he understood and opted for broadcast journalism. After talking with network journalists at the 1984 Republican National Convention, Brooks realised it had "changed so much since I had been near it", and so "did about a year and a half of solid research," into the industry. When he began writing the screenplay, Brooks felt he "didn't like any of the three [main] characters", but decided not to change them and after two months had reversed his original opinion. Brooks stated that this also happens to the audience: "You're always supposed to arc your characters and you have this change and that's your dramatic purpose. But what I hope happens in this film is that the audience takes part in the arc. So what happens is that the movie doesn't select its own hero. It plays differently with each audience. The audience helps create the experience, depending on which character they hook onto." He did not decide on the ending of the film until the rest of it had been completed. Brooks was nominated for the Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay for "Broadcast News". At the 38th Berlin International Film Festival, the film was nominated for the Golden Bear and Holly Hunter won the Silver Bear for Best Actress.


title: James L. Brooks

text: His 1994 film "I'll Do Anything", starring Nick Nolte, was conceived and filmed by Brooks as an old-fashioned movie musical and parody of "Hollywood lifestyles and movie clichés", costing $40 million. It featured songs by Carole King, Prince, and Sinéad O'Connor, among others, with choreography by Twyla Tharp. When preview audience reactions to the music were overwhelmingly negative, all production numbers from the film were cut and Brooks wrote several new scenes, filming them over three days and spending seven weeks editing the film down to two hours. Brooks noted: "Something like this not only tries one's soul – it threatens one's soul." While it was not unusual for Brooks to edit his films substantially after preview screenings on this occasion he was "denied any privacy" because the media reported the negative reviews before its release and "it had to be good enough to counter all this bad publicity." It was a commercial failure, and Brooks attempted to produce a documentary about it four years later but was scuppered by failing to obtain the rights to Prince's song.


title: James L. Brooks

text: Brooks agreed to produce and direct "Old Friends", a screenplay by Mark Andrus. Andrus' script "needed you to suspend disbelief" but Brooks realised "my style when directing is that I really don't know how to get people to suspend disbelief." Brooks spent a year reworking the screenplay: "There were changes made and the emphasis was changed but it's the product, really, of a very unusual writing team," and the project became "As Good as It Gets", taking a year to produce after funding had been secured. According to "The New York Times", Brooks "was constantly experimenting, constantly reshooting, constantly re-editing" the film, changing its ending five times and allowing the actors to improvise the film's tone.


title: James L. Brooks

text: The film garnered more praise than "I'll Do Anything" and Brooks was again nominated for the Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay. "As Good as It Gets" received a total of seven Academy Award nominations and won two, for Best Actor for Jack Nicholson and Best Actress for Helen Hunt. Jonathan Rosenbaum of the "Chicago Reader" labelled it Brooks' best film, stating "what Brooks manages to do with [the characters] as they struggle mightily to connect with one another is funny, painful, beautiful, and basically truthful—a triumph for everyone involved." It also ranked 140 in "Empire" 2008 list of "The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time". Brooks cast Jack Nicholson in both "Terms of Endearment" and "As Good as It Gets" with the actor taking an Academy Award for each role.


title: James L. Brooks

text: Brooks did not direct and write a film again for seven years until 2004's "Spanglish". Filming took six months, ending in June with three days of additional filming in October; Brooks produced three endings for the film, shooting several scenes in "15 to 25 takes" as he did not feel the film was tonally complete, although the script did not change much during filming. He opted to cast Adam Sandler in a more dramatic role than his usual goofball comedy parts based on his performance in "Punch-Drunk Love" and Sandler's relationship with his family. Describing the length of production, Brooks said: "It's amazing how much more perverse you are as a writer than as a director. I remember just being so happy that I'd painted myself into some corners [while writing]. I thought that would make it interesting. When I had to wrestle with that as a director, it was a different story." Brooks's directing style "drove [the cast] bats", especially Téa Leoni, with Cloris Leachman (who replaced an ill Anne Bancroft a month into filming) describing it as "free-falling. You're not going for some result. It's just, throw it in the air and see where it lands." The film was poorly received and was a box-office failure, grossing $55 million worldwide on an $80 million production budget.


title: James L. Brooks

text: His next film, entitled "How Do You Know", was released December 17, 2010; Brooks produced, directed and wrote it. The film stars Reese Witherspoon as a professional softball player involved in a love triangle. Brooks began work on the film in 2005, wishing to create a film about a young female athlete. While interviewing numerous women for hundreds of hours in his research for the film he also became interested in "the dilemmas of contemporary business executives, who are sometimes held accountable by the law for corporate behavior of which they may not even be aware." He created Paul Rudd and Jack Nicholson's characters for this concept. Filming finished in November 2009, although Brooks later reshot the film's opening and ending. "The New York Times" described it as "perhaps the most closely guarded of Columbia's movies this year." Brooks was paid $10 million for the project, which cost $100 million. The film was negatively received. Patrick Goldstein wrote in the "Los Angeles Times" that "the characters were stick figures, the jokes were flat, the situations felt scarily insular." He felt the film showed Brooks had "finally lost his comic mojo" concluding "his films used to have a wonderfully restless, neurotic energy, but "How Do You Know" feels like it was phoned in from someone resting uncomfortably on his laurels." "Variety"s Peter Debruge also felt the film showed Brooks had lost his "spark". Richard Corliss of "Time" was more positive, writing "without being great, it's still the flat-out finest romantic comedy of the year," while "Brooks hasn't lost his gift for dreaming up heroes and heroines who worry amusingly."


title: James L. Brooks

text: Brooks started his own film and television production company, Gracie Films, in 1986. He produced "Big" (1988) and "The War of the Roses" (1989). Brooks mentored Cameron Crowe and was the executive producer of Crowe's directorial debut "Say Anything..." (1989) and produced his later film "Jerry Maguire" (1996). Brooks also helped Owen Wilson and Wes Anderson after their feature-length script and short film version of "Bottle Rocket" (1996) were brought to his attention. Brooks went to Wilson and Anderson's apartment in Dallas after agreeing to produce the film. Wilson stated: "I think he felt kind of sorry for us". Despite having "the worst [script] reading [Brooks] had ever heard", Brooks kept faith in the project. Brooks produced and directed "Brooklyn Laundry", his first theatrical production, in 1990. It starred Glenn Close, Woody Harrelson and Laura Dern. In 2007 Brooks appeared—along with Nora Ephron, Carrie Fisher and others in "Dreams on Spec", a documentary about screenwriting in Hollywood.


title: James L. Brooks

text: Although Brooks "never meant" to return to television, he was helping Tracey Ullman start "The Tracey Ullman Show" and when she could not find another producer, he stepped in. On the suggestion of friend and colleague Polly Platt, who gave Brooks the nine panel "Life in Hell" cartoon entitled "The Los Angeles Way of Death" which hangs outside Brooks' Gracie Films office, Brooks asked "Life in Hell" cartoonist Matt Groening to pitch an idea for a series of animated shorts to appear on "The Tracey Ullman Show". Groening initially intended to present an animated version of his "Life in Hell" series. However, when Groening realized that animating "Life in Hell" would require the rescinding of publication rights for his life's work, he chose another approach and formulated his version of a dysfunctional family in the lobby of Brooks' office. After the success of the shorts, the Fox Broadcasting Company in 1989 commissioned a series of half-hour episodes of the show, now called "The Simpsons", which Brooks produced alongside Groening and Sam Simon. Brooks negotiated a provision in the contract with the Fox network that prevented Fox from interfering with the show's content. According to writer Jon Vitti, Brooks contributed more to the episode "Lisa's Substitute" than to any other in the show's history. "The Simpsons" garnered critical and commercial acclaim, winning numerous awards and is still producing original content after 30 years. In a 1998 issue celebrating the 20th century's greatest achievements in arts and entertainment, "Time" magazine named "The Simpsons" the century's best television series. In 1997 Brooks was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame.


title: James L. Brooks

text: In 1995, Brooks and Groening were involved in a public dispute over the episode "A Star Is Burns". Groening felt that the episode was a thirty-minute advertisement for Brooks' show "The Critic" (which had moved to Fox from ABC for its second season), and was created by former "The Simpsons" showrunners Al Jean and Mike Reiss, and whose lead character Jay Sherman appears in the episode. He hoped Brooks would pull the episode because "articles began to appear in several newspapers around the country saying that [Groening] created "The Critic"", and remove his name from the credits. In response, Brooks said "I am furious with Matt, he's been going to everybody who wears a suit at Fox and complaining about this. When he voiced his concerns about how to draw "The Critic" into the Simpsons' universe he was right and we agreed to his changes. Certainly he's allowed his opinion, but airing this publicly in the press is going too far. ... He is a gifted, adorable, cuddly ingrate. But his behavior right now is rotten."


title: James L. Brooks

text: "The Critic" was short-lived, broadcasting ten episodes on Fox before its cancellation. A total of only 23 episodes were produced, and it returned briefly in 2000 with a series of ten internet broadcast webisodes. The series has since developed a cult following thanks to reruns on Comedy Central and its complete series release on DVD. His early 1990s shows "Sibs" and "Phenom", both produced as part of a multi-show deal with ABC, and the 2001 show "What About Joan" for the same network, were all similarly short-lived.


title: James L. Brooks

text: Brooks co-produced and co-wrote the 2007 feature-length film adaptation of "The Simpsons", "The Simpsons Movie". He directed the voice cast for the first time since the television show's early seasons. Dan Castellaneta found the recording sessions "more intense" than recording the television series, and "more emotionally dramatic". Some scenes, such as Marge's video message to Homer, were recorded over one hundred times, leaving the voice cast exhausted. Brooks conceived the idea for, co-produced and co-wrote the Maggie-centric short film "The Longest Daycare", which played in front of "" in 2012. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film in 2013.


title: James L. Brooks

text: Brooks has been married twice. His first wife was Marianne Catherine Morrissey; they have one daughter, Amy Lorraine Brooks. They divorced in 1972. In 1978 he married Holly Beth Holmberg; they had three children together: daughter Chloe and sons Cooper and Joseph. They divorced in 1999.


title: James L. Brooks

text: He is also a member of the Alpha Epsilon Pi fraternity. Brooks has donated over $175,000 to Democratic Party candidates. In January 2017, Brooks stated in an interview with "The Hollywood Reporter" that his career was now just focused staying with "The Simpsons" until the show ends and continuing to run into Steven Spielberg "in the market."


title: James L. Brooks

text: Brooks has received 8 Academy Award nominations for "Terms of Endearment" (1983), "Broadcast News" (1987), "As Good as it Gets" (1997), and "Jerry Maguire" (1996). In 1984 Brooks received three Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Adapted Screenplay for "Terms of Endearment" (1983). He has also earned 54 Primetime Emmy Awards for his work on television. He has won for "The Mary Tyler Moore Show", "Taxi", "Lou Grant", "The Tracy Ullman Show", and "The Simpsons".


title: USS Enterprise (CVN-80)

text: USS "Enterprise" (CVN-80) will be the third to be built for the United States Navy. She will be the ninth United States naval vessel and third aircraft carrier to bear the name, and is scheduled to be in operation by 2028. Her construction began in August 2017 with a steel-cutting ceremony.


title: USS Enterprise (CVN-80)

text: On 1 December 2012, during the presentation of a pre-recorded speech at the inactivation ceremony for , then-Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus announced that CVN-80 would be named "Enterprise". She will be the ninth ship and the third aircraft carrier in the history of the United States Navy to bear the name. CVN-80 will also be the first American supercarrier not to be named in honor of a person since was commissioned in 1966. In December 2016, Mabus chose Olympic gold medalists Katie Ledecky and Simone Biles to sponsor the ship.


title: USS Enterprise (CVN-80)

text: CVN-80 is being built by Huntington Ingalls Industries' Newport News Shipbuilding in Newport News, Virginia. CVN-80 is the first aircraft carrier completely designed and built through digital platforms. The first cut of steel ceremony, marking the beginning of fabrication of the ship's components, was held on 21 August 2017, with ship's sponsors Katie Ledecky and Simone Biles present. Construction began in advance of the purchase contract and construction award, in early 2018. Steel from CVN-65 will be recycled and used in the construction of CVN-80. As of August 2022, approximately 20,000 pounds of steel, from CVN-65, has been salvaged and recycled for inclusion into CVN-80, with another 15,000 pounds still to be processed, for a total of 35,000 pounds. "Enterprise" will also incorporate four portholes taken from CV-6, her World War II predecessor. "Enterprise" will replace and is scheduled to be launched in November 2025, with a planned delivery date of March 2028.


title: USS Enterprise (CVN-80)

text: The ship's keel was laid, with no ceremony, on 5 April 2022, three weeks ahead of schedule, making the ship about 13% complete. The shipbuilder held an official keel-laying ceremony on 27 August of the same year.


title: Suzuki Hayabusa

text: The Suzuki GSX1300R Hayabusa is a sports motorcycle made by Suzuki since 1999. It immediately won acclaim as the world's fastest production motorcycle, with a top speed of .


title: Suzuki Hayabusa

text: In 1999, fears of a European regulatory backlash or import ban led to an informal agreement between the Japanese and European manufacturers to govern the top speed of their motorcycles at an arbitrary limit starting in late 2000. The media-reported value for the speed agreement in miles per hour was consistently 186 mph, while in kilometers per hour it varied from 299 to 303 km/h, which is typical given unit conversion rounding errors. This figure may also be affected by a number of external factors, as can the power and torque values.


title: Suzuki Hayabusa

text: The conditions under which this limitation was adopted led to the 1999 and 2000 Hayabusa's title remaining, at least technically, unassailable, since no subsequent model could go faster without being tampered with sans early 2000 models.


title: Suzuki Hayabusa

text: After the much anticipated Kawasaki Ninja ZX-12R of 2000 fell short of claiming the title, the Hayabusa secured its place as the fastest standard production bike of the 20th century. This gives the unrestricted 1999 models even more cachet with collectors.


title: Suzuki Hayabusa

text: Besides its speed, the Hayabusa has been lauded by many reviewers for its all-round performance, in that it does not drastically compromise other qualities like handling, comfort, reliability, noise, fuel economy or price in pursuit of a single function. Jay Koblenz of "Motorcycle Consumer News" commented, "If you think the ability of a motorcycle to approach 190 mph or reach the quarter-mile in under 10 seconds is at best frivolous and at worst offensive, this still remains a motorcycle worthy of just consideration. The Hayabusa is Speed in all its glory. But Speed is not all the Hayabusa is."


title: Suzuki Hayabusa

text: When first shown to the press in 1999, the first Hayabusas made a profound impression. No previous motorcycle has broken the production model top speed record by such a margin, , depending on which measured speeds the source was relying on for the CBR1100XX and the GSX-1300R.


title: Suzuki Hayabusa

text: The first generation had a liquid-cooled, inline-4 engine with sixteen valves driven by dual-overhead camshafts. This configuration, technologically unremarkable for that time, delivered a record-setting claimed at the crankshaft by virtue of the largest displacement ever in a sport bike, and a ram air system that forced cool, pressurized air into the cylinders at speed. Combined with sophisticated aerodynamics, this powerful engine pushed the Hayabusa's top speed above the Honda CBR1100XX Blackbird by a significant leap, contrasting with the incremental gains that preceded the Suzuki hyper sport entry. The 1997 carbureted CBR1100XX had previously only inched past the previous top speed record holder, the Kawasaki Ninja ZX-11 of 1990.


title: Suzuki Hayabusa

text: The Hayabusa's abundance of power at any engine speed made the Hayabusa easier to ride by giving the rider a greater choice of gear selection for a given speed and stunning acceleration.