title: University of British Columbia

text: To reduce this consumption, the UBC sustainability team created an initiative to conserve called the Water Action Plan in 2011 to reduce and recycle water on campus. Two landmarks for creating water sustainability are the CIRS and the C. K. Choi Building. The Centre for Interactive Sustainability (CIRS) building features a closed-loop water system where water is recycled and reused. On the other hand, the C. K. Choi Building for the Institute of Asian Research, consists of composting toilets, which reduce domestic water consumption. These toilets use an alternative other than using water for flushing and produce fertilizer that can be used for growing plants. Conclusively, these toilets allow for the conservation of water, landfill space, energy, and also the production of quality fertilizer.


title: University of British Columbia

text: For over 20 years, UBC has been implementing change and water consumption policies through two initiatives, ECOTrek and UBC Renew:


title: University of British Columbia

text: Beyond the UBC sustainability team, a student-driven initiative is taking place in making a bottled-water free campus in hopes of reducing bottled water on campus and to encourage students to engage in environmentally friendly behaviours. Production of bottled water puts strain on the environment and increases landfill space. According to the World Wide Fund for Nature 2001 report, about 1.5million tons of plastic is used for bottling 89billion litres of water each year.


title: University of British Columbia

text: UBC's administration, as mandated by the University Act, is composed of a chancellor, convocation, board, senate, and faculties of the university. The board of governors manages property and revenue, while the senate manages the university's academic operation. Both are composed of faculty and students who are elected to the position. Degrees and diplomas are conferred by the convocation, which is composed of alumni, administrators, and faculty, with a quorum of twenty members. UBC also has a president, who is the university's chief executive officer and a member of the senate, board of governors, convocation, and also serves as vice chancellor. The president of the university is responsible for managing the academic operation of the university, including recommending appointments, calling meetings of faculties, and establishing committees.


title: University of British Columbia

text: UBC's academic activity is organized into "faculties" and "schools". UBC has twelve faculties at its Vancouver campus and seven at its Okanagan campus. UBC Vancouver has two academic colleges: Interdisciplinary Studies and Health Disciplines, while UBC Okanagan has a College of Graduate Studies. At the Vancouver campus, the Faculty of Arts, which dates back to the 1915 Fairview Campus, is the largest faculty with twenty departments and schools. With the split of the Faculty of Arts and Science in 1964, the Faculty of Science is the second largest faculty with nine departments. The Sauder School of Business is UBC's Faculty of Commerce and Business Administration. The School of Architecture offers a program accredited by the Canadian Architectural Certification Board at the bachelor level (B.Arch.) and the master's level (M.Arch.). , a new school was created: UBC Vancouver School of Economics in conjunction with the Sauder School of Business. The university's first inter-faculty school, the School of Biomedical Engineering, was established in 2017 as a partnership between the Faculties of Applied Science and Medicine.


title: University of British Columbia

text: In 2014, UBC created a new "International Programs" designation separate from the traditional definition of a faculty. To accompany this designation, the university created Vantage College to allow international students who do not meet the English language requirements for general admission to enter the university's transition program.


title: University of British Columbia

text: The dual degree program is a highly selective program in which undergraduate students earn two Bachelor of Arts degrees from both Sciences Po in France and UBC in four years. Previously, students could earn one Bachelor of Arts and one Bachelor of Commerce (Sauder School of Business); however, this program was discontinued with the last student intake occurring in September 2017. Currently, students in the dual degree program can only earn a Bachelor of Arts degree from UBC, along with a Bachelor of Arts degree from Sciences Po, which can both be in different majors pertaining to the social sciences. Students spend two years at one of three Sciences Po regional campuses in France (Le Havre, Menton, or Reims), each of which is devoted to a particular region of the world. After two years, students matriculate at UBC. Graduates are guaranteed admission to a Sciences Po graduate program within one-year of graduation.


title: University of British Columbia

text: The University of British Columbia has ranked in a number of post-secondary rankings. In the 2022 "Academic Ranking of World Universities" rankings, the university ranked 44th in the world and second in Canada. The 2023 "QS World University Rankings" ranked the University 47th in the world, and third in Canada. The 2023 "Times Higher Education World University Rankings" ranked the University 40th in the world, and second in Canada. In the 2022–23 "U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking", the university ranked 35th in the world and second in Canada. The Canadian-based "Maclean's" magazine ranked the University of British Columbia third in their 2023 Canadian Medical Doctoral University category, and in their 2023 reputation survey. The university was ranked in spite of having opted out – along with several other universities in Canada – of participating in "Maclean's" graduate survey since 2006. In "Newsweek"s 2011 global university rankings, the university was ranked eighth among institutions outside the United States and second in Canada (after the University of Toronto).


title: University of British Columbia

text: Along with academic and research-based rankings, the university has also been ranked by publications that evaluate the employment prospects of its graduates. In the "Times Higher Education's" 2022 global employability ranking, the university ranked 36th in the world and third in Canada .


title: University of British Columbia

text: UBC students can study abroad for a semester or a year at over 200 partner institutions such as ETH Zürich, University of Tokyo, UC Berkeley, Imperial College London, HEC Paris, Tsinghua University, University of Washington, Seoul National University, University of Sydney, IIT Delhi, National Taiwan University and many others.


title: University of British Columbia

text: The mean admission average in 2013 for domestic first-year students was 89.5 percent. The acceptance rate for domestic applications in 2013 was 50.4 percent, of which 57.1 percent enrolled. In 2014/15, UBC employed 3,270 full-time Faculty members, 10,942 non-faculty members, and 8,031 students. It reported 871 unpaid employees.


title: University of British Columbia

text: The University of British Columbia is a member of Universitas 21, an international association of research-led institutions and the only Canadian member of the Association of Pacific Rim Universities, a consortium of 42 leading research universities in the Pacific Rim. In 2017, the University of British Columbia had the second-largest sponsored research income (external sources of funding) out of any Canadian university, totalling C$577 million. In the same year, the university's faculty averaged a sponsored research income of $249,900, the eighth highest in the country, while graduate students averaged a sponsored research income of $55,200.


title: University of British Columbia

text: The university has been ranked on several bibliometric university rankings, which uses citation analysis to evaluate the impact a university has on academic publications. In 2019, the Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities ranked UBC 27th in the world and second in Canada. The University Ranking by Academic Performance 2018–19 rankings placed the university 27th in the world and second in Canada.


title: University of British Columbia

text: In 2017, UBC inked a $3 million research agreement with Huawei for big data and fuel cell technology. The university refused to release the agreement without an access to information request.


title: University of British Columbia

text: UBC's Longhouse is the university's centre for Indigenous activities. The university has an associate dean of Indigenous Education, and has developed governing board and senate policies as well as Aboriginal governed councils within the university structure. UBC offers degrees in First Nations and Indigenous Studies through a program in the Arts Faculty, and a Chinook Diploma Program in the Sauder School of Business; it also runs the Chinook Summer Biz Camp, to foster entrepreneurship among First Nations and Métis high school students. It hosts a Bridge Through Sport Program, Summer Science Program, Native Youth Program, and Cedar Day Camp and Afterschool Program. Its First Nations Forestry Initiatives were developed in partnership with specific Aboriginal communities to meet needs in their more remote areas.


title: University of British Columbia

text: In 2012–13, UBC's budget exceeded $2billion, and the university posted balanced financial results for the fourth consecutive year through strategic revenue diversification, careful management of assets, and a continued focus on fundraising for projects across the university. Government grants account for approximately 45% of total revenues. Annual fundraising has nearly doubled in 5 years to reach $213million.


title: University of British Columbia

text: Tuition fees vary significantly between Canadian citizens (and permanent residents) and international students. In addition, for both undergraduate and graduate programs, tuition rates vary among the university's faculties. Students must also pay for various living expenses such as housing, food and health care. , these expenses were estimated at around $13,000 CAD per academic year.


title: University of British Columbia

text: UBC tuition for 2012 was $4,700 before adding other mandatory administrative fees for a Canadian student in a basic 30-unit program, though various programs cost from $3,406 to $9,640. Tuition for international students is significantly higher (2.3–4.6 times higher than domestic students). In 2012, tuition for international students ranged from $16,245 CAD to $25,721 CAD.


title: University of British Columbia

text: In 2001–02, UBC had one of the lowest undergraduate tuition rates in Canada, at an average of $2,181 CAD per year for a full-time programme due to a government-instituted tuition freeze.


title: University of British Columbia

text: In 2001, the BC Liberal party defeated the NDP in British Columbia and lifted the tuition freeze. In 2002–03 undergraduate and graduate tuition rose by an average of 30%, and up to 40% in some faculties. This has led to better facilities, but also to student unrest and contributed to a teaching assistant union strike.


title: University of British Columbia

text: UBC again increased tuition by 30% in the 2003–04 year, again by approximately 15% in the 2004–05 season, and 2% in the 2005–06 and 2006–07 years. Increases were lower than expected because, in the 2005 Speech from the Throne, the government announced tuition increases would be capped to inflation. In 2006–07, the Canadian average undergraduate tuition fee was $4,347 and the BC average was $4,960. In 2014, the board of governors passed a one-time 10% tuition increase for all new incoming international students. In December 2015, UBC's board of governors passed a motion increasing international tuition by more than 46.8% for the academic years 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–2019. This announcement was met with indignation by many of the university's students as this was the second major increase in international tuition in less than a year, taking total international student tuition fee increases to above 60% within 4 years (minimum international tuition will be benchmarked at $35,071 CAD in the year 2018–19).


title: University of British Columbia

text: In the academic year 2019/2020, graduate programs assess tuition fees that vary significantly, depending on the program and the student's citizenship. International students without external funding that meet the general eligibility criteria will be supported with guaranteed funding of up to $3,200 per year. Tuition for professional Master's programs varies.


title: University of British Columbia

text: The Alma Mater Society of the University of British Columbia, or AMS, represents UBC undergraduate students within the Vancouver campus. The society's mandate is to improve the quality of educational, social, and personal lives of UBC students. The AMS lobbies the UBC administration on behalf of the student body, provides services such as the AMS/GSS Health and Dental Plan, supports and administers student clubs, and maintains the Student Union Building (aka SUB) and the services it houses. A constituency (undergraduate society) exists within each school and faculty of the university and acts as the subsidiary of the AMS within those schools and faculties.


title: University of British Columbia

text: The Graduate Student Society (GSS), which operates as an independent entity, represents graduate students. A council representing each graduate program and an executive elected by graduate students as a whole governs the GSS.


title: University of British Columbia

text: The university also has elected student representatives sitting on, as voting members, the board of governors (three student representatives) and the academic senate (18 student representatives), as laid out in the British Columbia University Act. Although the university is the official body that elects the students, the university delegates these representative elections to the AMS.


title: University of British Columbia

text: On the Okanagan Campus, the Students' Union Okanagan, or UBCSUO, is the elected representation of the student body. Composed of a board of directors and executive team, the UBCSUO lobbies the administration and provincial government on behalf of the student body, manages the student health and dental plan, as well as hosts social programming throughout the year. The Student Union Offices are located within the University Centre Building. In the wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic, the SUO initiated the Emergency Bursary Program which supported UBC students with nearly $1,000,000 in emergency funding.


title: University of British Columbia

text: In the 2020–21 academic year, females made up 57 per cent of UBC Vancouver's student body, and 53 per cent of UBC Okanagan's student body.


title: University of British Columbia

text: The heart of student activity at UBC Vancouver is the centrally located Student Union Building (SUB), which houses offices of many AMS student clubs, over a dozen restaurants and cafés, a pub ("The Gallery"), a nightclub ("The Pit"), the 425-seat Norman Bouchard Memorial Theatre ("The Norm Theatre"), several shops, and a post office. The AMS runs the majority of the SUB's outlets and shops; however, UBC Food Services' recent addition of major corporate outlets has generated controversy. The SUB Art Gallery contains mostly students' works. An underground bus loop to replace the "Grassy Knoll" beside the SUB did not receive funding by Translink.


title: University of British Columbia

text: As a result, the administration has cancelled the bus loop project, although the rest of the renovations of the University Boulevard Neighbourhood are still under consideration.


title: University of British Columbia

text: In June 2015, the new Student Union Building—called the AMS Student Nest or simply the "Nest"—opened to students, largely replacing and extending the old SUB in functionality. The Nest, built for $107million, is much larger than its predecessor, and has numerous amenities including a performance centre, an art exhibition space, a large ballroom, a three-storey climbing wall, radio broadcast facilities, a daycare, and a 10,740 square foot rooftop garden and public space with a water feature and outdoor seating. Many of the restaurants as well as the Pit Pub have moved to the Nest under their original name or with new names.


title: University of British Columbia

text: Other student facilities on campus include the Ladha Science Student Centre (funded through a donation from Abdul Ladha, a levy on Science undergraduate students, the VP Students, and the dean of Science) and the Meekison Arts Student Space in the Faculty of Art's Buchanan D building. The UBC Bookstore's locations on the Vancouver campus: the main store at 6200 University Boulevard and a store at Sauder School of Business join the stores at the Okanagan and Robson Square Campuses in offering a variety of products and services. The bookstores return a dividend to UBC each year, which is re-invested in the campus or in student and community organizations.


title: University of British Columbia

text: While UBC's Greek system is somewhat smaller than its counterparts in the United States, UBC's 19 Greek organizations make up Canada's largest and most active Greek system. The Alma Mater Society recognizes an InterFraternal Council (IFC) as a club, and weekly meetings of the fraternities under IFC take place at their respective fraternity houses. Greek life has its own division within UBC REC and intense competition between the nine Fraternities for the title of top Athletic Fraternity occur.


title: University of British Columbia

text: There are eleven international fraternities on campus, the first of which was Zeta Psi, in January 1926. Although its disputed, Alpha Delta Phi soon came to campus and chartered 3 months later. However, Zeta Psi and Alpha Delta Phi were preceded by several local fraternities on campus. Other fraternities include Alpha Epsilon Pi, Delta Kappa Epsilon, Psi Upsilon, Sigma Chi, Beta Theta Pi, Phi Delta Theta, Phi Gamma Delta, Kappa Sigma, Zeta Psi, and the newly added Phi Kappa Sigma.


title: University of British Columbia

text: The National Panhellenic Conference (NPC) member organizations (sororities) on campus are overseen by the Panhellenic Council. All sororities have a chapter room in the Panhellenic House on Wesbrook Mall; the building also offers housing for 72 college women, with preference given to sorority members.


title: University of British Columbia

text: The eight sororities on the Vancouver campus include Alpha Delta Pi, Alpha Gamma Delta, Alpha Omicron Pi, Alpha Phi, Delta Gamma, Gamma Phi Beta, Kappa Alpha Theta, and Kappa Kappa Gamma. The current Panhellenic total is 104. Chapter meetings are held in the chapter's respective rooms each week or in classrooms and Greek-wide or campus-wide events are attended by members of all the sororities and fraternities. Formal recruitment for the sororities begins during the third week of September and is a five-day process consisting of: tours (first two days), invitationals (third and fourth days) and preference. The formal recruitment process ends with Bid Day, where membership bids from each sorority are distributed to prospective members.


title: University of British Columbia

text: Phrateres has traditionally been affiliated with the Greek system since its installation at UBC in 1935. Historical records indicate that for many years, members identified themselves, and were recognized as Greek. Members interacted with fraternities on a similar basis as the sororities, and participated in many Greek events, such as Songfest and exchanges. However, they presently operate as a self-governing organization under the Alma Mater Society with the closure of their international headquarters in 2001.


title: University of British Columbia

text: Both campuses also have chapters of Sigma Phi Delta and Alpha Omega Epsilon, a professional engineering fraternity and sorority respectively. None of the four chapters are affiliated with the other Greek organizations on campus.


title: University of British Columbia

text: Alpha Kappa Psi (professional business fraternity) too has an active chapter at UBC since 2009. It consists of students from all faculty. They do not have a house and are not affiliated with any other Greek organization on campus.


title: University of British Columbia

text: Moreover, UBC was ranked among Canada's top party schools by the website "Ask Men". UBC was ranked eighth.


title: University of British Columbia

text: The UBC Point Grey campus has a resident population of about 10,041 students who live in an unincorporated area, outside the City of Vancouver known as Electoral Area A within and partly administered by Metro Vancouver. Neighbouring the University Endowment Lands, on-campus residential services are provided by the Province of BC and by UBC. Emergency Planning is administered by Metro Vancouver. Because UBC is not in a municipality, there is no mayor, council, or other democratic municipal representation for on-campus residents, although residents can vote for the director of Electoral Area A. British Columbia's Residential Tenancy Act does not protect UBC residents because university accommodations for students and employees are exempt.


title: University of British Columbia

text: UBC has forecast the need for 6,400 new on-campus beds between 2008 and 2028 "to maintain the current availability of student housing choices in the face of on-going pressures in the Vancouver rental market". From 2009 to 2014, UBC added 1,471 beds for student residents. In 2015, UBC plans to increase the cost of on-campus student housing by 20%, with the exception of year-round residences.


title: University of British Columbia

text: , there are three dormitory style residences on campus, primarily for first and second-year students: Totem Park, Place Vanier, and Orchard Commons.


title: University of British Columbia

text: Totem Park, housing about 2,129 students, consists of nine dormitory buildings (Nootka, Dene, Haida, Salish, Kwakiutl, Shuswap, həm̓ləsəm̓, q̓ələχən, c̓əsnaʔəm), and a Commons Block (Coquihalla). All houses, except Shuswap and c̓əsnaʔəm, are co-ed, with alternating men's and women's floors; Shuswap and c̓əsnaʔəm have co-ed floors. The həm̓ləsəm̓ and q̓ələχən houses were opened to Totem Park residents in September 2011 and have single rooms with semi-private or private washrooms in contrast to the other houses' communal floor washrooms. c̓əsnaʔəm was opened to Totem Park residents in September 2017 and has single rooms with communal bathrooms.


title: University of British Columbia

text: Place Vanier, housing 1,370 people, consists of 12 blocks constructed in 1959 (Robson House), 1960 (Okanagan, Sherwood Lett, Mackenzie, Ross, Hamber, and Mawdsley Houses), 1961 (Kootenay House), 1968 (Cariboo and Tweedsmuir Houses), 2002 (Korea-UBC House) and 2003 (Tec de Monterrey-UBC House). The buildings vary from male and female only, to alternating gender floors, as well as fully mixed floors. The residences have single and double rooms, and each floor has a lounge and communal bathrooms.


title: University of British Columbia

text: Orchard Commons consists of two apartment style buildings, Braeburn house and Bartlett house, with the latter containing a common dining hall and reception area. Orchard Commons houses 1,047 students, with the majority staying in connected single rooms on mixed gender floors, where two same-gender residents share a washroom connecting their adjacent rooms.


title: University of British Columbia

text: Students nineteen and older have suite-style residence options on the Point Grey campus. The Gage Towers consist of three 17-floor towers (North, South and East) primarily for second, third, and fourth-year undergraduate students. It consists of three interconnected towers (North, South, and East) as well as single student housing (both studio, and apartment) in a building. The towers are composed of "quads": four separate pods, each consisting of six individual bedrooms, a bathroom and a kitchen-dining area.


title: University of British Columbia

text: Acadia Park and University Apartments are for student families and couples (where one is a UBC student) and are administered on a year-round basis.


title: University of British Columbia

text: Next to the Acadia Park residence area on the east part of campus is Fairview Crescent, a residence primarily for second- and third-year undergraduate students and many graduate students. The residence consists of an L-shaped pedestrian-only street lined with 4, 5 and six-student (a mix of single-sex and co-ed) townhouses. The Beanery coffee shop is in the middle of the residence. Within a 5-minute walk from Fairview Crescent is the Fraser Hall residence which houses approximately 200 students. Fairview Crescent and Fraser Hall are both governed by the Fairview and Fraser Residence Association.


title: University of British Columbia

text: The Thunderbird residences are primarily for graduate students and fourth-year undergraduate students; they are at the academic core campus' southern edge. The Ritsumeikan-UBC House is a residence with a Japanese cultural setting, named for Ritsumeikan University. It houses Japanese exchange students and Canadian students, who participate in unique inter-cultural programmes. UBC's Urasenke Japanese tea ceremony club uses the residence's tatami room for practice sessions. Two Canadian students are typically paired with two Japanese exchange students.


title: University of British Columbia

text: Marine Drive Residence is on the west side of campus, slightly south of Place Vanier. The first phase, consisting of Building 1 (an 18-floor tower) and Building 2 (a five-floor building commonly called the "Podium") opened in fall 2005. In February 2006, the board of governors approved plans for Marine Drive's second phase, putting an end to the debacle caused by concerns over the view of Wreck Beach (Phase I's Building 1 was reduced from 20 floors to 18). Additionally, building 1 contains the Simon K.Y. Lee Global Lounge and Resource Centre. Phase II consists of Buildings 4 through 6 (two towers and another "Podium", respectively), and also the Commonsblock. Buildings 4 through 6 were all open to students . A separate Commonsblock was completed in summer 2009, and has similar services to the Commonsblock of other residences, such as exercise, game, and study rooms. Construction at Marine Drive was completed in February 2010, with the opening of The Point Grill restaurant in Building 4.


title: University of British Columbia

text: The Ponderosa Commons and Orchard Commons residences, completed in 2016, and Brock Commons, opened in the Summer of 2017. The Ponderosa Commons is a multi-purpose building designed for student housing but is also a place for students to gather, study, or eat. The Ponderosa Commons house a Mercante, a popular pizzeria, and Harvest, a popular small-sized grocery shop.


title: University of British Columbia

text: The university has two colleges to accommodate graduate students, postdoctoral fellows and visiting scholars: St. John's College and Green College.


title: University of British Columbia

text: The University of British Columbia's sports teams are called the Thunderbirds. The Thunderbirds participate in the U Sports Canada West Universities Athletic Association for most varsity sports. However, several varsity teams at UBC compete in the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics. , UBC considered joining the NCAA Division II. With a long history of competing in sports, the Thunderbirds have garnered a number of championships. In particular, the women swimmers who had represented UBC had brought back 22 conference championships and 16 national championships.


title: University of British Columbia

text: The University of British Columbia has a number of athletic facilities open to both their varsity teams as well as to their students. The stadium with the largest seating capacity at UBC is the Doug Mitchell Thunderbird Sports Centre. The Doug Mitchell Thunderbird Sports Centre is home to the varsity ice hockey teams and was also used as a venue for the 2010 Winter Olympics. Other facilities at UBC include Thunderbird Stadium, home to the university's football and soccer varsity teams, UBC Aquatic Centre, home to the university's swimming teams, the War Memorial Gymnasium, home to the university's basketball and volleyball varsity teams and Thunderbird Park, home to the university's many other outdoor varsity teams.


title: University of British Columbia

text: The university has also had a long history of sending a number of students to represent their countries at the Olympics. Since having its first athlete sent to the Olympics in 1928, a total of 231 individuals from UBC have represented their respective countries at the Olympics. The total number of individual medals athletes from UBC had won was 61, with 19 gold, 21 silver and 24 bronze. The majority of these medals won had come from the sport of rowing.


title: University of British Columbia

text: UBC's marching band, the Thunderbird Marching Band, was founded in September 2012 and is entirely student-run. The band performs at various Thunderbirds football, basketball, rugby, and hockey games, as well as other campus events. It is the only university-level marching band in Western Canada.


title: University of British Columbia

text: Notable among a number of songs commonly played and sung at various events such as commencement and convocation, and athletic games are: "Hail, U.B.C" with words and music by Harold King, "High on Olympus" with words by D. C. Morton and music by J. C. F. Haeffner. and "Hail, UBC!" (2009) with words and music by Steve Chatman.


title: University of British Columbia

text: A small number of large-scale, campus-wide events occur annually at UBC which are organized by university institutions, the AMS, and student constituencies of various faculties and departments. Additionally, a number of unofficial traditions exist at UBC: jumping from the Aquatic Centre's 10-metre diving board late at night and repainting the Engineering cairn so as to advertise other clubs.


title: University of British Columbia

text: Several group athletic events take place at UBC every year. Storm the Wall is an intramural relay race put on by UBC Recreation in April, culminating in the climbing of a wall. Day of the Longboat is an intramural event put on at the end of September/early October by UBC Recreation. It is a major voyageur canoe race with teams competing in a 2 km paddle around the waters of Jericho Sailing Centre. The program is operated by over 120 volunteer students and staff who are responsible for operating every aspect of this program. UBC Recreation's student administrators fill various roles including event planning, sport officiating, public relations and building supervision.


title: University of British Columbia

text: Faculty constituencies, such as the Arts Undergraduate Society (AUS) and Science Undergraduate Society (SUS), hold events annually. Many of the major constituencies, such as for Arts, Science, and Engineering, hold their own faculty weeks to celebrate their faculties. The events may include keynote speeches, merchandise sales, and dances. Arts County Fair was an annual concert and party on the last day of classes in April, put on by the AUS and occurring at Thunderbird Stadium. Past headliners have included Sam Roberts, The New Pornographers, and Metric. Due to increasing financial difficulties (mostly resulting from mounting security and related costs) the AUS announced they would not continue the event in 2008. In its place, the Alma Mater Society of UBC hosted the AMS Block Party to celebrate the end of classes.


title: University of British Columbia

text: During the Spring exam season, the Ski & Board Club organizes the Undie Run, a charity event that encourages people to donate their clothes to the Big Brothers & Sisters organization in Vancouver. Students meet at the Student Union Building, remove the clothes they are going to donate, and then run around campus in their underwear. Students run through places like the Irvin K. Barber Centre and Place Vanier Residence before ending at the Martha Piper Plaza fountain.


title: University of British Columbia

text: To celebrate the beginning of classes, UBC Orientations organizes several events for first-year students, such as Imagine UBC, GALA, and UBC Jump Start. Imagine UBC is an orientation day and pep rally for first-year undergraduate students that replaces the first day of class after Labour Day at UBC Vancouver.


title: University of British Columbia

text: In March 2012, UBC was the partner Host University of the Harvard World Model United Nations Conference (WorldMUN 2012 Vancouver). As the world's largest student-organized Model UN conference, this was also the largest student conference to have ever been organized by UBC and the largest student conference on Canadian soil. There were 2,200 student delegates and nearly 200 faculty advisors from 270 universities from over 60 countries. The organizing committee amassed over 500 student volunteers from across the UBC campus and the local student community to execute the week-long event.


title: University of British Columbia

text: Throughout UBC's history, faculty, alumni, and former students have played prominent roles in many different fields. Many UBC alumni and faculty have gone on to win awards including eight Nobel Prizes and 74 Rhodes Scholarships.


title: University of British Columbia

text: Former alumni have won Nobel Prizes: Robert Mundell (Economic Sciences) who graduated from the UBC Department of Economics and Bertram Brockhouse (Physics). Five former faculty members of the UBC have also received a Nobel Prize: Michael Smith (Chemistry), Har Gobind Khorana (Physiology or Medicine), Daniel Kahneman (Economics), Hans G. Dehmelt (Physics), and Carl Wieman (Physics).


title: University of British Columbia

text: Many former students have gained local and national prominence in government. The university has produced three Canadian Prime Ministers: John Turner, Kim Campbell, and Justin Trudeau. The leader of the Liberal Party of Canada, Member of Parliament and the 23rd Prime Minister of Canada Justin Trudeau completed his BEd. at UBC in 1998. Canadian Prime Minister Joe Clark briefly attended UBC law. George Stanley, the Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick and creator of the Canadian flag had also served as faculty. Alumni Mike Harcourt, Glen Clark and Ujjal Dosanjh have been premiers of British Columbia:, People of UBC Law have also served on the Supreme Court of Canada: former faculty member Beverley McLachlin and alumnus Frank Iacobucci.


title: Otorhinolaryngology

text: Otorhinolaryngology ( , abbreviated ORL and also known as otolaryngology, otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (ORL–H&N or OHNS), or ear, nose, and throat (ENT)) is a surgical subspeciality within medicine that deals with the surgical and medical management of conditions of the head and neck. Doctors who specialize in this area are called otorhinolaryngologists, otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons, or ENT surgeons or physicians. Patients seek treatment from an otorhinolaryngologist for diseases of the ear, nose, throat, base of the skull, head, and neck. These commonly include functional diseases that affect the senses and activities of eating, drinking, speaking, breathing, swallowing, and hearing. In addition, ENT surgery encompasses the surgical management of cancers and benign tumors and reconstruction of the head and neck as well as plastic surgery of the face and neck.


title: Otorhinolaryngology

text: The term is a combination of New Latin combining forms ("oto-" + "rhino-" + "laryngo-" + "-logy") derived from four Ancient Greek words: οὖς "ous" (gen.: ὠτός "otos"), "ear", ῥίς "rhis", "nose", λάρυγξ "larynx", "larynx" and -λογία "logia", "study" (cf. Greek ωτορινολαρυγγολόγος, "otorhinolaryngologist").


title: Otorhinolaryngology

text: Otorhinolaryngologists are physicians (MD, DO, MBBS, MBChB, etc.) who complete medical school and then 5–7 years of post-graduate surgical training in ORL-H&N. In the United States, trainees complete at least five years of surgical residency training. This comprises three to six months of general surgical training and four and a half years in ORL-H&N specialist surgery. In Canada and the United States, practitioners complete a five-year residency training after medical school.


title: Otorhinolaryngology

text: Following residency training, some otolaryngologist-head & neck surgeons complete an advanced sub-specialty fellowship, where training can be one to two years in duration. Fellowships include head and neck surgical oncology, facial plastic surgery, rhinology and sinus surgery, neuro-otology, pediatric otolaryngology, and laryngology. In the United States and Canada, otorhinolaryngology is one of the most competitive specialties in medicine in which to obtain a residency position following medical school.


title: Otorhinolaryngology

text: In the United Kingdom entrance to otorhinolaryngology higher surgical training is highly competitive and involves a rigorous national selection process. The training programme consists of 6 years of higher surgical training after which trainees frequently undertake fellowships in a sub-speciality prior to becoming a consultant.


title: Otorhinolaryngology

text: The typical total length of education and training, post-secondary school is 12–14 years. Otolaryngology is among the more highly compensated surgical specialties in the United States. In 2019, the average annual income was $461,000.


title: Otorhinolaryngology

text: Study of diseases of the outer ear, middle ear and mastoid, and inner ear, and surrounding structures (such as the facial nerve and lateral skull base)


title: Otorhinolaryngology

text: Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery is a one-year fellowship open to otorhinolaryngologists and plastic surgeons who wish to specialize in the aesthetic and reconstructive surgery of the head, face, and neck.


title: Otorhinolaryngology

text: Microvascular reconstruction repair is a common operation that is done on patients who see an Otorhinolaryngologist. Microvascular reconstruction repair is a surgical procedure that involves moving a composite piece of tissue from the patient's body and moves it to the head and or neck. Microvascular head and neck reconstruction is used to treat head and neck cancers, including those of the larynx and pharynx, oral cavity, salivary glands, jaws, calvarium, sinuses, tongue and skin. The tissue that is most commonly moved during this procedure is from the arms, legs, back, and can come from the skin, bone, fat, and or muscle. When doing this procedure, the decision on which is moved is determined on the reconstructive needs. Transfer of the tissue to the head and neck allows surgeons to rebuild the patient's jaw, optimize tongue function, and reconstruct the throat. When the pieces of tissue are moved, they require their own blood supply for a chance of survival in their new location. After the surgery is completed, the blood vessels that feed the tissue transplant are reconnected to new blood vessels in the neck. These blood vessels are typically no more than 1 to 3 millimeters in diameter which means these connections need to be made with a microscope which is why this procedure is called "microvascular surgery."


title: David Archuleta

text: David James Archuleta (born December 28, 1990) is an American pop singer. At ten years old, he won the children's division of the Utah Talent Competition, leading to other television singing appearances. When he was twelve years old, he became the Junior Vocal Champion on the second season of "Star Search", known as "Star Search 2". In 2008, he finished second on the seventh season of "American Idol".


title: David Archuleta

text: In August 2008, He released "Crush", the first single from his self-titled debut album. The album, released three months later, debuted at number two on the "Billboard" 200 chart; it has sold over 750,000 copies in the United States and over 900,000 worldwide.


title: David Archuleta

text: In October 2010, he released a third album, "The Other Side of Down", featuring the lead single "Something 'Bout Love". In March 2012, he went on hiatus for two years to be a missionary for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) in Chile, but stated that he would continue his music career afterwards. As of February 2012, he had sold 1,108,000 albums and 3,327,000 tracks in the United States.


title: David Archuleta

text: In March 2012, he released his fourth album, "Forevermore", exclusively in the Philippines. This was his first Original Filipino Music (OPM) album, composed of several covers of Filipino songs. The album was certified gold in the Philippines (10,000 units) as of June 2012.


title: David Archuleta

text: His fifth album, "Begin", was released in August 2012. A compilation album, "No Matter How Far", was released in March 2013. His sixth studio album, "Postcards in the Sky", was released in October 2017 and his second holiday album, "Winter in the Air", was released in 2018. His eighth studio album, "Therapy Sessions", was released in May 2020.


title: David Archuleta

text: Archuleta was born on December 28, 1990, in Miami, to Guadalupe Mayorga, a salsa singer and dancer, and Jeff Archuleta, a jazz musician. His mother is from Honduras and his father is of Spanish, Danish, Irish, and German descent. Archuleta has stated that his surname is of Basque origin. He speaks fluent Spanish and has four siblings.


title: David Archuleta

text: His family moved to the Salt Lake City suburb of Sandy, Utah, when he was six years old. He attended Murray High School before appearing on "American Idol".


title: David Archuleta

text: He began singing at the age of six, inspired by a "Les Misérables" video. "That musical is what started all of this", he said. He started performing publicly at the age of 10 when he participated in the Utah Talent Competition, singing "I Will Always Love You" by Dolly Parton; he won the Child Division.


title: David Archuleta

text: When Archuleta, a member of the LDS Church, was 21, he volunteered for two years as a full-time missionary and was called to serve in Rancuagua, Chile. He is a graduate of Barbizon Modeling and Acting School in Salt Lake City.


title: David Archuleta

text: In 2003, Archuleta sang on several episodes of the television show "Star Search". He wound up as the Junior Vocal Champion on Star Search 2, losing the Junior Grand Champion title to Tiffany Evans. On one episode, he competed against then-11-year-old Alexandréa Lushington, who became a top 20 semi-finalist on "American Idol" alongside Archuleta. Around the second year of being on "Star Search" he started focusing on the lyrics, "I didn't even pay attention to the lyrics when I was 12, 13."


title: David Archuleta

text: Archuleta's competing on "Star Search" was preceded by an appearance on "The Jenny Jones Show", meeting the finalists from "American Idol"s first season, for whom he performed a spontaneous a cappella rendition of "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going" from "Dreamgirls". He received praise from Season 1 winner Kelly Clarkson, and the episode led to appearances on CBS's "The Early Show". The year after "Star Search", he found out he had partial vocal paralysis but declined risky surgery and has said he feels he is almost fully recovered. He limited his singing to specific occasions, like Stadium of Fire, the Independence Day celebration at Brigham Young University Stadium.


title: David Archuleta

text: Archuleta made initial attempts at songwriting and arranging music after his "Star Search" experience and has written at least three songs. His first singles in 2002, written by his father and Sunny Hilden, were "Dream Sky High" and a song he had written by Yani Gileadi titled "Don't Tell Me".


title: David Archuleta

text: Archuleta received his ticket to the Hollywood auditions at the San Diego tryouts – held at Qualcomm Stadium at the end of July 2007 – with a performance of John Mayer's "Waiting on the World to Change" with judge Randy Jackson spontaneously joining in to sing the background "waiting" in the song. He was sixteen during the Hollywood auditions and attended school while a part of "American Idol"s seventh season.


title: David Archuleta

text: A parent/guardian was required to be there because he was a minor. Archuleta took advantage of the decision to allow contestants to play musical instruments when he accompanied himself on piano for his performances of "Crazy", "Another Day in Paradise", and "Angels".


title: David Archuleta

text: During the 1970s themed week Archuleta sang the John Lennon song "Imagine", omitting the earlier verses in favor of the last one. "Los Angeles Times" columnist Ann Powers speculated that he wanted to avoid singing "no religion too" because of his faith. "As a Mormon, he's unlikely to espouse the song's agnostic ideal", she wrote.


title: David Archuleta

text: However, he did sing the entire song on "Good Things Utah" when he was 13. Asked by judge Randy Jackson why he did not sing the first verse, Archuleta said the third verse was his favorite because it has "a great message".


title: David Archuleta

text: After his performance of "We Can Work It Out", which judge Simon Cowell called "a mess", "Entertainment Tonight" reported that Archuleta was feeling pressure from his father, Jeff, who "reportedly yelled at" his son after a recording session the previous night. Jeff Archuleta, in an interview with "Us Weekly", denied the claim.


title: David Archuleta

text: A May 2008 Associated Press article reported that Jeff Archuleta had his son add a lyric from the Sean Kingston song "Beautiful Girls" into an interpretation of "Stand by Me" (from which "Beautiful Girls" samples its bass line), increasing the costs for licensing, and that this had resulted in Jeff Archuleta being banned from "American Idol" backstage rehearsals. Archuleta defended his father, calling him "a great guy" who keeps him grounded.


title: David Archuleta

text: During the Top 7 results show, the contestants were split into two groups. In one group was Syesha Mercado, Brooke White, and Kristy Lee Cook. In the other group was David Cook, Carly Smithson, and Jason Castro. Archuleta was the only one not sorted into a group. He was declared safe after the groups were formed, then was asked to choose the group he thought was safe. He refused, and sat down on the floor of the stage, much as Melinda Doolittle had done the previous season.


title: David Archuleta

text: In the finale he sang "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me", "In This Moment" and "Imagine". Judge Simon Cowell declared that Archuleta won the evening and even David Cook, who ultimately won, thought Archuleta would win: "I have to concede it, the kid came out all three songs and nailed it", said Cook. In the final tally, Archuleta received 44 percent of the votes. During the finale show, identical commercials featuring Archuleta and fellow finalist Cook mimicked the Tom Cruise scene from "Risky Business" where he dances in his underwear playing an air guitar; they were promoting the game franchise "Guitar Hero".


title: David Archuleta

text: Archuleta's first appearances on music ranking charts were with the three songs he performed in the "American Idol" finale: "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me", "In This Moment", and "Imagine" debuted on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart the week of June 7, 2008. "Imagine" entered at number 36 (giving Archuleta his first top forty hit), "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" at number 58, and "In This Moment" entered at number 60. That same week he had three songs on "Billboard"'s Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart as well, where his versions of "Longer", "Think of Me", and "Angels" debuted at number 15, number 19, and number 24 respectively.


title: David Archuleta

text: Archuleta signed with Jive Records in June 2008. His self-titled album, "David Archuleta", was released in November 2008. His first single, "Crush", was released in August 2008 on Z100, a New York radio station. On August 12 "Crush" became available on iTunes. It debuted at number two on the "Billboard" Hot 100, beaten only by Rihanna's "Disturbia". It was the best chart debut in more than 18 months. According to Nielsen SoundScan, the track sold 166,000 downloads in the first week in the United States. It has sold 1.92 million digital copies in the US.


title: David Archuleta

text: Along with "American Idol" winner David Cook, Archuleta placed second on "Forbes"' list of "Breakout Stars of 2008". The two co-presented an award at the 2008 Teen Choice Awards in August 2008. Archuleta also received the Teen Choice Award surfboard for "Most Fanatic Fans".


title: David Archuleta

text: Since the release of his debut album, Archuleta has released three new songs: "Let's Talk About Love (The Build-A-Bear theme song)", "Save the Day (released only in Japan as a bonus track in his album)", and "Zero Gravity". In February, it was announced that Archuleta would be touring the United Kingdom, supporting British band McFly on their "Up Close...And This Time It's Personal" tour. The tour began on April 21, 2009, and continued until May. Archuleta became the opening act for Demi Lovato's tour which began June 21, 2009.


title: David Archuleta

text: On April 22, 2009, Archuleta returned to the "American Idol" stage in its eighth season and performed the third single from his debut album, "Touch My Hand". On April 30, 2009, he made his first UK television appearance, on "The Paul O'Grady Show", performing "Crush" and chatting about his album, which was released there in May. In May, Archuleta and fellow American Idol David Cook visited the Philippines. Two days later he made live appearances on two of GMA-7's shows, "Sis" and "Eat Bulaga!". He also confirmed that month that he was working on two new albums, his sophomore pop album and a Christmas album. In August 2009, Archuleta won three Teen Choice Awards for Breakout Artist, Love Song, and the Music Tour category with Demi Lovato. In September he won the Year in Music – Rising Male Star award at the ALMA Awards and performed a cover of the standard "Contigo en la Distancia".


title: David Archuleta

text: Archuleta's acting debut was when he appeared as himself on Nickelodeon's show "iCarly", in "iRocked the Vote". The episode aired February 7, 2009. He made a special guest appearance in Season 3 of the Disney Channel show "Hannah Montana" in the episode "Promma Mia" as himself, and he sang a duet ("I Wanna Know You") with Miley Cyrus, who played the title character. The song was featured on the soundtrack "Hannah Montana 3" and also appeared later on the compilation "Best of Hannah Montana".


title: David Archuleta

text: On May 16, 2009, Archuleta and David Cook performed in the Mall of Asia concert grounds for their back-to-back concert in Manila, Philippines. On June 1, 2010, Archuleta released "", a memoir which refers to "the partial vocal paralysis he suffered in 2004 but has now fully recovered from". He went on a book signing tour beginning in Ridgewood, New Jersey. The book was a bestseller.


title: David Archuleta

text: Archuleta came back to the "American Idol" stage on April 7, 2010, on the show's ninth season and performed John Lennon's "Imagine", which David had performed previously in the Top 20 Week when he was a contestant on the show. After his performance, he mentioned that he was working on his third studio album. Archuleta sang "The Star-Spangled Banner" and "Stand by Me" at the 30th anniversary of the annual A Capitol Fourth concert in Washington, D.C. on the Fourth of July. The show was aired on PBS at 8pm EST live and tape delay PT.


title: David Archuleta

text: Archuleta sang live at the Tejano Music Awards, covering Selena's songs, "Como La Flor" and No Me Queda Más at the event as a tribute on July 11, 2010. In an interview with AOL's "Something Pitchy", Archuleta revealed that the release of his next album was planned for Fall 2010 (he did mention a late September release, but then went back to the Fall). On June 24, 2010, Jive Records announced that his new single would be released on DavidArchuleta.com on July 13, and iTunes on July 20. However, on June 30, 2010, the full version of "Something 'Bout Love" became available to play on his website. His album "The Other Side of Down" was released on October 5, 2010.


title: David Archuleta

text: On October 7, 2010, it was announced that David Archuleta would be the guest star at the annual Christmas concert of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir. Archuleta sang in performances on December 16–19. On September 6, 2011, "Glad Christmas Tidings", a concert CD and DVD of the choir and Archuleta's performance, was released.


title: David Archuleta

text: On February 18, 2011, it was announced by Jive Records that David Archuleta had been released from his contract with them. It was also announced on February 17, 2011, that Archuleta left his management Wright Entertainment Group. Archuleta intends to spend time working on writing original material. On July 2, 2011, Archuleta joined Brad Paisley to perform at the Stadium of Fire, where he performed the national anthem in addition to his five-song set. From July 16 to 26, 2011, Archuleta toured Asia, performing in Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam (Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh), and Malaysia.


title: David Archuleta

text: At the conclusion of the December 19, 2011, show of the My Kind of Christmas Tour, Archuleta announced his intention to serve as a missionary for the LDS Church for two years. He stated that he would return to music upon the completion of his mission.


title: David Archuleta

text: In early 2012, Archuleta signed a contract with TV5 to shoot a prime-time mini series in the Philippines, "Nandito Ako" "()", which was broadcast from February to March 2012. An Original Pilipino Music album was released on March 26, 2012, in the Philippines, "Forevermore". This album contains covers of classic Filipino songs, including "Nandito Ako" by Ogie Alcasid, "Forevermore" by "Side A", "Rainbow" by South Border and Nexxus's "I'll Never Go".


title: David Archuleta

text: As announced at the end of 2011, Archuleta would serve a two-year mission for the LDS Church. The singer, who was reportedly assigned to Chile, entered the Provo, Utah, Missionary Training Center on March 28, 2012. On August 7, 2012, a pre-recorded album, "Begin", was released in the United States. The album consists of cover songs as well as a new original track, "Broken". On February 12, 2013, a new song called "Don't Run Away", which had leaked online back in October 2012, was released on iTunes as the lead single from Archuleta's second release while serving on his mission. A compilation album, "No Matter How Far", which consists of tracks previously only available in Asia and two newly released original songs, was released on March 26, 2013. Archuleta confirmed on March 24, 2014, that his mission had been completed and he was back home in Utah.


title: David Archuleta

text: Archuleta was reportedly shooting a music video in Costa Rica for an untitled track, following a tweet from his road manager, Kari Sellards, with a picture that shows sets for shooting. The tweets included the hashtag #DA2014, which fans had been tweeting on his absence for 2 years. On September 25, photos surfaced online of the "Nunca Pense" music video. The song and its video were to debut on February 12–15, 2015, to be performed at RootsTech 2015 with comedy sketch group Studio C. On September 28, he released a new single "Glorious" as a free download. The song was used in the motion picture "Meet the Mormons" and later included in the holiday album "Winter in the Air", released in 2018.


title: David Archuleta

text: Archuleta performed in the group performance of "One Voice" on the fifteenth season finale of "American Idol" in April 2016. He returned to his music career in 2016 with the single "Numb", which premiered on November 4, 2016. The official video premiered on November 17. In 2017 he released the singles "Up All Night" and "Invincible", followed by the release of his sixth studio album "Postcards in the Sky", which was released on October 20, 2017. He started his tour in the Philippines with a one-night concert at the Kia Theater and toured around the United States.


title: David Archuleta

text: On June 15, 2018, Peter Hollens released a video on his YouTube channel of a collaboration between Archuleta and Hollens singing the Scottish folk song "Loch Lomond".


title: David Archuleta

text: On November 14, 2019, Archuleta released a deluxe version of his 2018 album, "Winter in the Air", with three bonus tracks, ("The Christmas Song", "Merry Christmas, Happy Holidays", and "Still, Still, Still"). He released a music video for "Merry Christmas, Happy Holidays", with special appearances by Lance Bass and Chris Kirkpatrick.


title: David Archuleta

text: Archuleta released his eighth studio album, "Therapy Sessions" on May 20, 2020. The deluxe version titled "Therapy Sessions - The Lost Sessions" was released on October 21 of that same year. On April 30, he released "Just Breathe" as a single and released a music video dedicated to the people working on the frontline during the COVID-19 pandemic. Money earned from YouTube views would be donated to Direct Relief towards COVID-19 relief.


title: David Archuleta

text: On March 26, 2021, Archuleta collaborated with BYU Vocal Point to make the "What a Beautiful Name" video.


title: David Archuleta

text: A self-written song, "I Know He Lives", was released in March 2021. David explains: "I’ve performed this one live before, but I’ve never recorded it in the studio... until now. Can’t wait for y’all to hear it!" Three singles, "Be That for You", "Losin' Sleep", and "Movin'" (with a remix "Movin' After Hours") were released in April, May and July/August 2021, respectively.


title: David Archuleta

text: Archuleta also has a children's book, "My Little Prayer", that was released in 2021 through Bushel & Peck Books.


title: David Archuleta

text: From July to September 2022, Archuleta starred in his first musical production as the titular character in Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat at the Tuacahn Center for the Arts in Ivins, Utah.


title: David Archuleta

text: Along with Do Something and the Dunkin' Brands Community Foundation, Archuleta is involved with helping willing teenagers make a difference in others' lives with disaster relief. He was also one of several teen celebrities taking part in DoSomething.org's Teens for Jeans charity initiative, which donates denim to homeless teenagers nationwide. In January 2010, Haiti was hit with a major earthquake. On January 22, 2010, Archuleta joined other celebrities for a two-hour fundraising telethon, where he answered phones and even stayed afterward to keep answering the phones.


title: David Archuleta

text: Archuleta partnered with ChildFund International for his My Kind of Christmas Tour in an effort to increase awareness and recruit new sponsors for children in need worldwide. Archuleta also surprised some of ChildFund's children in their Philippines program, when he sang "Bridge Over Troubled Water", and then met with the children in small groups. He has also been one of the most consistent artist supporters of Invisible Children, rallying fans to donate to protection initiatives in Central Africa, and performing at events held by the organization.


title: David Archuleta

text: In January 2011, Archuleta travelled to Chennai, India, with Rising Star Outreach, a non-profit charity giving children from leper colonies a first-class education and a chance at a future in India.


title: David Archuleta

text: Archuleta was one of the many Latino singers who participated in "Somos El Mundo", the Spanish version of "We Are the World 25 for Haiti". The song and video premiered on the "Cristina Show" in March 2010; funds raised benefited Haiti relief.


title: David Archuleta

text: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Archuleta participated in "Billboard" Live At-Home sessions, where he performed piano versions of "OK, All Right", "Crush", and "What a Wonderful World", and released a music video for "Just Breathe" dedicated to the frontline workers; both were fundraisers for Direct Relief.


title: David Archuleta

text: Archuleta's mother is from Honduras, and much of the music he listened to as a child was Latin-influenced, including watching his mom sing at events with her sisters. She also "was big on dancing" according to Archuleta, and would "make" him dance to traditional music with his older sister. He also listened to jazz music, he said, from his father's collection, as well as gospel, pop, rock and "soulful music". In a later interview, he revealed that his father was a jazz musician. Archuleta also said he enjoys Broadway musicals.


title: David Archuleta

text: On his "American Idol" "Fast Facts" page, Archuleta cited his musical influences as Natalie Cole, Stevie Wonder, Kirk Franklin and Bryan Adams. Like Elliott Yamin and another singer he admires, John Mayer, Archuleta tries to infuse his pop selections with a soulful vibe. In a "Seventeen" interview, he cited Sara Bareilles as a clever singer-songwriter to whom he looks up.


title: David Archuleta

text: Archuleta came out as gay to his family in 2014, then publicly announced in June 2021 that he is part of the LGBT community, but "not sure of my own sexuality". Archuleta discussed balancing his sexuality with his Latter-day Saints faith, stating "I don't feel comfortable sharing it, but felt I needed to bring more awareness to people in my same situation and let you know you're not alone. You can be part of the LGBTQIA+ community and still believe in God and His gospel plan." In November 2022, Archuleta announced that he had taken a "step away" from religion and had dated men since coming out. He revealed that prior to his coming out in 2021, he had an anxiety attack while on a date with his then-fiancée and called off his engagement to her soon afterwards. Archuleta had also been engaged multiple times to women prior.


title: David Archuleta

text: Archuleta was a member of the Boy Scouts of America and completed the final requirements to achieve the rank of Eagle Scout in 2008, three days shy of his 18th birthday, while competing in "American Idol", though he did not receive the award until two years later. Since 2015, Archuleta has been residing in Nashville, Tennessee.


title: Yurt

text: A yurt (from the Turkic languages) or ger (Mongolian) is a portable, round tent covered and insulated with skins or felt and traditionally used as a dwelling by several distinct nomadic groups in the steppes and mountains of Central Asia. The structure consists of a flexible angled assembly or latticework of wood or bamboo for walls, a door frame, ribs (poles, rafters), and a wheel (crown, compression ring) possibly steam-bent as a roof. The roof structure is sometimes self-supporting, but large yurts may have interior posts supporting the crown. The top of the wall of self-supporting yurts is prevented from spreading by means of a tension band which opposes the force of the roof ribs. Yurts take between 30 minutes and 3 hours to set up or take down, and are generally used by between five and 15 people. Nomadic farming with yurts as housing has been the primary life style in Central Asia, particularly Mongolia, for thousands of years.


title: Yurt

text: Modern yurts may be permanently built on a wooden or concrete platform; they may use modern materials such as metal framing, plastics, plexiglass dome, or radiant insulation.


title: Yurt

text: Old Turkic "yurt" "tent, dwelling, abode, range" may have been derived from the Old Turkic word ur - verb with the suffix +Ut. In modern Turkish, the word "yurt" is used as the synonym of "homeland" or a "dormitory", while in modern Azerbaijani, "yurd" mainly signifies "homeland" or "motherland". In Russian, the structure is called "yurta" (юрта), whence the word came into English.


title: Yurt

text: Yurts have been a distinctive feature of life in Central Asia for at least two and a half thousand years. The first written description of a yurt used as a dwelling was recorded by the ancient Greek historian Herodotus. He described yurt-like tents as the dwelling place of the Scythians, a horse riding-nomadic nation who lived in the northern Black Sea and Central Asian region from around 600 BC to AD 300.


title: Yurt

text: Traditional yurts consist of an expanding wooden circular frame carrying a felt cover. The felt is made from the wool of the flocks of sheep that accompany the pastoralists. The timber to make the external structure is not to be found on the treeless steppes, and must be obtained by trade in the valleys below.


title: Yurt

text: The frame consists of one or more expanding lattice wall-sections, a door-frame, bent roof poles and a crown. The Mongolian Ger has one or more columns to support the crown and straight roof poles. The (self-supporting) wood frame is covered with pieces of felt. Depending on availability, felt is additionally covered with canvas and/or sun-covers. The frame is held together with one or more ropes or ribbons. The structure is kept under compression by the weight of the covers, sometimes supplemented by a heavy weight hung from the center of the roof. They vary with different sizes, and relative weight. They provide a large amount of insulation and protection from the outside cold of winters, and they are easily changed to keep the yurts cool for summertime.


title: Yurt

text: A yurt is designed to be dismantled and the parts carried compactly on camels or yaks to be rebuilt on another site. Complete construction takes around 2 hours.


title: Yurt

text: The traditional insulation and decoration within a yurt primarily exists of pattern-based woollen felted rugs. These patterns are generally not according to taste, but are derived from sacred ornaments with certain symbolism. Symbols representing strength are for instance the khas (swastika) or four powerful beasts (lion, tiger, garuda, and dragon), as well as stylized representations of the five elements (fire, water, earth, metal, and wood), considered to be the fundamental, unchanging elements of the cosmos. Such patterns are commonly used in the home with the belief that they will bring strength and offer protection.


title: Yurt

text: Repeating geometric patterns are also widely used, like the continuous hammer or walking pattern (alkhan khee). Commonly used as a border decoration, it represents unending strength and constant movement. Another common pattern is the ulzii, a symbol of long life and happiness. The khamar ugalz (nose pattern) and ever ugalz (horn pattern) are derived from the shape of the animal's nose and horns, and are the oldest traditional patterns. All patterns can be found among not only the yurts themselves, but also on embroidery, furniture, books, clothing, doors, and other objects.


title: Yurt

text: In Kyrgyz felted rug manufacturing the most common patterns are the Ala kiyiz and Shyrdak. Ornaments are visualising good wishes or blessing of the makers to a daughter who gets married, to children or grandchildren.


title: Yurt

text: The "shangyrak" or wooden crown of the yurt (, ; ; ; ) is itself emblematic in many Central Asian cultures. In old Kazakh communities, the yurt itself would often be repaired and rebuilt, but the shangyrak would remain intact, passed from father to son upon the father's death. A family's length of heritage could be measured by the accumulation of stains on the shangyrak from decades of smoke passing through it. A stylized version of the crown is in the center of the coat of arms of Kazakhstan, and forms the main image on the flag of Kyrgyzstan.


title: Yurt

text: Today a yurt is seen as a national symbol among many Central Asian groups, and as such, yurts may be used as cafés (especially those specialising in traditional food), museums (especially relating to national culture), and souvenir shops. In celebration of the city of Mary's year as Cultural Capital of the Turkic World, the government of Turkmenistan constructed a yurt-shaped structure, called Ak Öýi (White Building) and described as "The World's Largest Yurt", of concrete, granite, aluminum, and glass. Established on November 27, 2015, the structure is 35 meters high and 70 meters in diameter. According to the Turkmenistan state news agency, "A white yurt is a symbol of an age-old, distinctive historical-cultural legacy, a sign of preservation of our roots and origins." This three-story structure includes a café, offices, and VIP apartments as well as a large auditorium with 3,000 seats.


title: Yurt

text: The design of the Mongolian ger developed from its ancient simple forms to actively integrate with Buddhist culture. The crown—toono adopted the shape of Dharmachakra. The earlier style of toono, nowadays more readily found in Central Asian yurts, is called in Mongolia "sarkhinag toono" while the toono representing Buddhist dharmachakra is called "khorlo" (Tibetan འཀོར་ལོ།) toono. Also the shapes, colors and ornaments of the wooden elements—toono, pillars and poles of the Mongolian yurt are in accord with the artistic style found in Buddhist monasteries of Mongolia. Such yurts are called "uyangiin ger", literally meaning "home of lyrics" or "home of melodies".


title: Yurt

text: Enthusiasts in other countries have adapted the visual idea of the yurt, a round, semi-permanent tent. Although those structures may be copied to some extent from the originals found in Central Asia, they often have some different features in their design to adapt them to different climate and use.


title: Yurt

text: In Canada and the United States, yurts are often made using hi-tech materials. They can be highly engineered and built for extreme weather conditions. In addition, erecting one can take days and they may not be intended to be frequently moved. Such North American yurts are better thought of as yurt derivations, as they are no longer round felt homes that are easy to mount, dismount and transport. North American yurts and yurt derivations were pioneered by William Coperthwaite in the 1960s, after he was inspired to build them by a National Geographic article about Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas's visit to Mongolia.


title: Yurt

text: In 1978, American company, Pacific Yurts, became the first to manufacture yurts using architectural fabrics and structural engineering, paving the way for yurts to become popular attractions at ski resorts and campgrounds. Yurts are also popular in Northern Canada. In 1993, Oregon became the first state to incorporate yurts into its Parks Department as year round camping facilities. Since then, at least 17 other US States have introduced yurt camping into their own parks departments.


title: Yurt

text: In Europe, a closer approximation to the Mongolian and Central Asian yurt is in production in several countries. These tents use local hardwood, and often are adapted for a wetter climate with steeper roof profiles and waterproof canvas. In essence they are yurts, but some lack the felt cover and ornate features across the exterior that is present in traditional yurt. There are UK-made yurts that feature a metal frame in use in at least two glamping sites in Somerset and Dorset.


title: Yurt

text: The palloza is a traditional building found in the Serra dos Ancares in Galicia (NW Spain). Pallozas have stone walls and a conical roof made of stalks of rye.


title: Yurt

text: Different groups and individuals use yurts for a variety of purposes, from full-time housing to school rooms. In some provincial parks in Canada, and state parks in several US states, permanent yurts are available for camping.


title: Yurt

text: Since the late 1920s the German youth and Scouting movements have adapted a variant of the yurt and the Sami lavvu (Kohte), calling them "Schwarzzelt" (Black tents), a term mainly used for tents from North-Africa.


title: You Won't Be Alone

text: You Won't Be Alone is a 2022 horror film written and directed by Goran Stolevski in his directorial debut. It stars Sara Klimoska, Anamaria Marinca, Alice Englert, Félix Maritaud, Carloto Cotta, and Noomi Rapace. in the movie, a naive peasant girl in 19th century Macedonia is taken from a sheltered life of solitude, turned into a shapeshifter by a witch, then abandoned. As the mute girl explores a world above ground for the first time, she learns about humanity, loss and love - but the witch is jealously watching, and her anger may tear the girl's world apart once more.


title: You Won't Be Alone

text: An international co-production of Australia, the United Kingdom, and Serbia, it premiered at the 2022 Sundance Film Festival in the World Cinema Dramatic Competition on 22 January 2022. The film was theatrically released on 1 April 2022 in the United States by Focus Features, via Universal Pictures.


title: You Won't Be Alone

text: In 19th century Macedonia, Maria - a "Wolf-Eateress", or witch, with a horrible burned appearance - enters the home of a newborn baby. The child's terrified mother says that if Maria spares the girl's life, she will give her up once the girl is 16. Maria agrees, but robs the girl of her voice before leaving. The mother hides the child, Nevena, in a cave, and raises her there with no knowledge of the outside world.


title: You Won't Be Alone

text: On Nevena's 16th birthday, Maria arrives in the form of an eagle; the mother chases the bird out of sight, where Maria kills her and takes her form. She tells Nevena to follow her. Outside the cave, Maria kills a donkey, scratches Nevena's chest and spits the donkey's blood onto her before burning her wound with fire; this transforms Nevena into a witch, giving her retractible black talons on her fingers and palm. Maria then pulls Nevena's mother's guts from a hole in her chest, causing her to resume her previous, burned form.


title: You Won't Be Alone

text: Nevena, not understanding what has happened, believes the witch is still her mother. Maria kills a shepherd who takes a liking to Nevena, warning her that humans will hurt her, and tries to teach her to catch and kill rabbits and fish, whose blood witches consume for power. But Nevena would rather play with the creatures, and Maria, disgusted, mocks her for her delight. Angered, Nevena throws a stone at Maria, who abandons her to fend for herself. Nevena follows her for a little while until she sees Maria kill and assume the form of a wolf, putting its entrails into a cavity in her chest, before disappearing into the forest.


title: You Won't Be Alone

text: Nevena comes across a village, where she sees a young woman, Bosilka, giving birth to a baby. Attracted by its cries, Nevena finds the baby in a crib in the barn. Bosilka attacks her, and Nevena, shocked, accidentally kills her. Copying Maria, Nevena puts Bosilka's entrails into her chest and assumes her appearance; the spell also causes Bosilka's body to disappear.


title: You Won't Be Alone

text: Nevena, who is still mute, assumes Bosilka's life. Her family believe that she has gone mad, but Nevena slowly learns how to live as a human: how to cook and wash, how to communicate non-verbally, and the differences in how men and women treat her. All the while, Maria watches from afar.


title: You Won't Be Alone

text: One night, Boslika’s abusive husband tries to have sex with her. The unfamiliarity of the process, along with the rough nature of her husband, causes her to panic and kill him. She removes Bosilka's entrails from her chest cavity, reverts to her old self and flees.


title: You Won't Be Alone

text: On the road once more, she assumes the shape of a dog and comes across a group of men. She follows them to their village, then assumes her naked human form and lures one of them away. The man, Boris, attempts to seduce her and they begin to have sex, but she kills him and assumes his shape. Now a male, Nevena returns to the village, where he learns to plow the fields and thresh, but still acts in a confused and childlike way. His peculiar behaviour attracts the attention of the women of the village, who believe he is possessed. They attempt an exorcism, which they believe is successful, but say that the Wolf-Eateress that bewitched him will one day come back and spirit him away. Again, Maria appears to him and warns that growing close to normal humans won’t end well.


title: You Won't Be Alone

text: But Nevena persists, and enjoys his life in the village, even having a pleasurable sexual experience with a local woman. That changes when he discovers the body of a dying girl, Biliana, who has fallen from a cliff. Crying for the first time, Nevena sheds her male form and assumes that of the little girl, leaving only Boris's bloodstained clothes behind. Now appearing to be Biliana, she integrates herself back into the village. As time passes, she grows close to a boy, Yovan, who is seemingly also mute. One night she and the other children are told how, according to local legend, Maria came to be a witch.


title: You Won't Be Alone

text: Centuries ago, 'Old Maid Maria', ageing and unmarried, led a very repetitive life caring for her elderly father. One day she happened across a witch and begged her for a husband and child. The witch scratched her chest and spat blood in her face - the first two steps of creating a witch - before walking away. Later, Maria was approached by a man who offers his son's hand in marriage. She accepted, but upon arriving in his home discovered that the son was dying of disease. She was tied up and forced to have sex with him, because his mother didn't want him to die without having spread his seed.


title: You Won't Be Alone

text: Maria fell sick and attempted to drink a cow's blood to give her strength but was discovered and burned as a witch. The fire completed the witch's spell and transformed Maria into a witch herself - but only after her body had been left horribly burned and scarred.


title: You Won't Be Alone

text: For Nevena, many years pass, and she decides to marry the boy from her youth. As they grow closer, she reveals her witch's talons, but he is not afraid. They make love, and she becomes pregnant, but tragedy strikes when her husband is killed by a boar - implied to be Maria in disguise. The moment she gives birth to a baby girl, Nevena shuts herself away, afraid that Maria will take her newborn child, but the women of the village promise to protect it.


title: You Won't Be Alone

text: However, one chilly morning she discovers her midwife has been killed, and that Maria has seized her baby. The witch ridicules the child and Nevena before cutting its throat with her talon. Without stopping to think, Nevena kills a goat, takes a mouthful of its blood and performs the Wolf-Eateress spell on the dying infant, turning it into a witch and saving its life. Maria is astonished that Nevena could love the child so much that she would use up her one chance to make a witch without thinking. Nevena sets the child down then kills Maria.


title: You Won't Be Alone

text: In December 2020, it was announced Noomi Rapace, Anamaria Marinca, Alice Englert, Carloto Cotta, Félix Maritaud and Sara Klimoska had joined the cast of the film, with Goran Stolevski directing from a screenplay he wrote, with Focus Features set to distribute. Principal photography concluded by December 2020.


title: You Won't Be Alone

text: The film premiered in the 2022 Sundance Film Festival on 22 January 2022 in the World Cinema Dramatic Competition section. It is also selected in Bucheon Choice Features section at 26th Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival and was screened on 10 July 2022.


title: You Won't Be Alone

text: It was originally scheduled to be released in the United States on 28 January 2022, but it was delayed to 1 April 2022. It premiered on the American streaming service Peacock in May 2022. It was released in Australia on 22 September 2022.


title: You Won't Be Alone

text: In the United States and Canada, the film earned $124,750 from 147 theaters in its opening weekend. It added $49,750 (a drop of 60%) in its second weekend.


title: You Won't Be Alone

text: The film received critical acclaim from critics. On Metacritic, the film has a score of 80 out of 100 based on reviews from 32 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews."


title: You Won't Be Alone

text: The film was selected and submitted as Australia's official entry for the Best International Film category at the 95th Academy Awards in 2023.


title: Doug Ducey

text: Douglas Anthony Ducey (, né Roscoe Jr.; born April 9, 1964) is an American businessman and politician serving as the 23rd governor of Arizona since 2015. A member of the Republican Party, Ducey was previously the CEO of Cold Stone Creamery, a chain of ice cream parlors.


title: Doug Ducey

text: Ducey was Arizona state treasurer from 2011 to 2015. On November 4, 2014, he was elected to the governorship; he took office on January 5, 2015. He was reelected in 2018. Ducey's fellow Republican governors elected him chair of the Republican Governors Association for 2021 and co-chair in 2022. Ducey is term-limited and ineligible to seek a third consecutive term as governor. On November 8, 2022, Democrat Katie Hobbs was elected as his successor, defeating Republican nominee Kari Lake.


title: Doug Ducey

text: Ducey was born and raised in Toledo, Ohio. He is the son of Madeline Scott and Douglas Roscoe, a former member of the Toledo Police Department.


title: Doug Ducey

text: His parents divorced and in 1975 his mother married businessman Michael Ducey, to whom she remained married until 1981. Michael Ducey adopted Roscoe and his siblings in 1976; Roscoe's last name was legally changed to his adoptive father's.


title: Doug Ducey

text: Ducey graduated from St. John's Jesuit High School in 1982 and moved to Arizona to attend Arizona State University (ASU) while working at Hensley & Co., the Anheuser-Busch distributor owned by the family of Cindy McCain. He graduated in 1986 with a Bachelor of Science degree in finance.


title: Doug Ducey

text: After graduating from ASU, Ducey joined Procter & Gamble and began a career in sales and marketing. Ducey worked as the CEO of Cold Stone Creamery from 1995 to 2007. When he and his business partner sold the company in 2007, Cold Stone had more than 1,400 locations in the United States and ten other countries. After the company's sale to Kahala, accusations of franchise mismanagement led Ducey to leave the organization.


title: Doug Ducey

text: In 2010 Ducey was elected state treasurer of Arizona, replacing Dean Martin. As Arizona's chief banker and investment officer, Ducey oversaw more than $12 billion in state assets and served as an investment manager for local governments. The Treasurer serves as the chairman of Arizona's State Board of Investment and State Loan Commission, and as the state's surveyor general and a member of the State Land Selection Board. Ducey also served as the western region vice president for the National Association of State Treasurers, and was the president of the Western State Treasurers' Association.


title: Doug Ducey

text: During his tenure as state treasurer, Ducey created and championed Proposition 118, a ballot measure to simplify how schools receive funding from Arizona’s State Land Trust. Arizona voters passed Proposition 118 in 2012.


title: Doug Ducey

text: In 2010, Ducey opposed Proposition 204, an effort to create a permanent 1-cent-per-dollar sales tax for public education, transportation and health services. He formally launched a campaign to defeat the proposition, saying, "we don’t need the money" and "this money still does nothing to improve education". Proposition 204 failed, with 63.8% of voters opposing it.


title: Doug Ducey

text: In July 2013 Ducey filed the paperwork necessary to explore the possibility of running for governor. On February 19, 2014, he formally announced his intention to seek the office at a rally in downtown Phoenix.


title: Doug Ducey

text: He received the endorsement of conservatives such as Senators Ted Cruz and Mike Lee, as well as Governor Scott Walker and former Senator Jon Kyl. Ducey won the Republican nomination in the August primary, and was subsequently endorsed by the outgoing governor, Jan Brewer, along with Senators John McCain and Jeff Flake and other Republicans in Arizona's Congressional delegation. Ducey was endorsed by several organizations, including Arizona Right to Life and the Concerned Women for America.


title: Doug Ducey

text: Ducey was sworn into office on January 5, 2015. Shortly after his term began, he instituted a state employee hiring freeze in an effort to balance the state budget. In March 2015, Ducey signed a $9.1 billion budget that eliminated the state's $1.5 billion budget deficit by reducing spending without instituting a tax increase. Ducey has issued balanced budget proposals each fiscal year since 2015.


title: Doug Ducey

text: On January 15, 2015, Ducey signed an education bill requiring high school students to pass the U.S. citizenship test in order to graduate, making Arizona the first state to require this.


title: Doug Ducey

text: Ducey issued his first vetoes on March 30, 2015, of HB2150, an amendment to an animal cruelty law that would have excluded livestock animals from protection under that law, and HB2410, which would have prohibited police departments from establishing quotas for traffic citations.


title: Doug Ducey

text: On March 31, 2017, Ducey signed SB1367, which mandates that doctors treat babies born alive during abortions or induced early deliveries. Late-term abortions had previously been performed in rare circumstances where the life of the baby and the mother was at risk; opponents of the bill said that the new restrictions would force doctors to provide pointless treatment to babies that were not expected to live.


title: Doug Ducey

text: On April 6, 2017, Ducey signed a major school voucher expansion bill, extending eligibility to every Arizona student.


title: Doug Ducey

text: On September 4, 2018, it was announced that Ducey had appointed former U.S. Senator Jon Kyl to the U.S. Senate seat that was vacated upon the death of John McCain. Kyl resigned from the Senate effective December 31, 2018, and Ducey appointed former Congresswoman Martha McSally to replace him.


title: Doug Ducey

text: In January 2021, Ducey announced that he would not seek the Republican nomination for the U.S. Senate in the 2022 election.


title: Doug Ducey

text: After cuts to education during the Great Recession, Ducey increased funding to K-12 schools above inflation every year during his tenure. Since 2015, Arizona has added $4.5 billion in total new investments into schools and increased K-12 public school funding by $2.3 billion annually.


title: Doug Ducey

text: In 2015, Ducey led the campaign to pass Proposition 123, putting $3.5 billion into K-12 education over 10 years. The proposition, which passed the state legislature and was approved by voters, also settled a years-long lawsuit about education funding.


title: Doug Ducey

text: In 2018, in response to nationwide teacher protests, Ducey announced the "20x2020" plan, which would raise teacher salaries 20% over three years and restore Recession-era cuts to flexible school funding known as additional assistance. The promise was fulfilled on schedule through the fiscal year 2021 budget, which included $645 million in permanent funding for teacher raises. The promised restoration of additional assistance dollars has taken place ahead of schedule.


title: Doug Ducey

text: Also in 2018, Ducey signed a 20-year extension of Proposition 301, a voter-approved initiative passed in 2000 and championed by then-Governor Jane Hull. The proposition provides about $667 million annually to Arizona’s K-12 public schools, universities, community colleges, and tribal schools through a 0.6% sales tax.


title: Doug Ducey

text: In 2017, Ducey implemented the first-ever dedicated funding for school counselors and the establishment of the Arizona Teachers Academy, a partnership with Arizona State University, University of Arizona, and Northern Arizona University that enables future Arizona public school teachers to graduate with a teaching degree debt-free.


title: Doug Ducey

text: On January 16, 2015, Ducey signed the American Civics Act, which requires that all Arizona students pass a basic civics test before graduating from high school. It was the first bill he signed, making Arizona the first state in the country to enact such a law. Since its enactment, 34 states have passed similar legislation.


title: Doug Ducey

text: In 2018, Ducey proclaimed September 25 the inaugural Sandra Day O'Connor Civics Celebration Day, in honor of Sandra Day O’Connor’s dedication to civics and her swearing-in to the Supreme Court on September 25, 1981. In March 2020, he signed into law the Civics Celebration Day bill, which requires schools to dedicate the majority of classroom instruction to civics on September 25.


title: Doug Ducey

text: Ducey opposes the Affordable Care Act, saying, "It's no secret Obamacare has been a disaster for Arizona and that I want it repealed and replaced." On July 30, 2017, the "Arizona Republic" reported that Ducey had urged Senators Jeff Flake and John McCain to vote for legislation to repeal and replace it. McCain ultimately voted against repeal.


title: Doug Ducey

text: In September 2017, Ducey released a statement endorsing the Graham–Cassidy health care amendment as "the best path forward to repeal and replace Obamacare." On September 20, he said his staff was analyzing the Graham–Cassidy bill's effects on the Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System and asserted that the ACA had been a failure. He admitted he had not seen the final version of the bill but said he suspected it would be “the longest possible transition so that we can move people from Medicaid into a superior insurance product."


title: Doug Ducey

text: In August 2017, after violence by protesters at a gathering in Charlottesville, Virginia, Ducey said in response to a reporter's question that he had no interest in removing Confederate monuments from public lands in Arizona. He condemned groups like the Ku Klux Klan, Neo-Nazis and said, "It's important that people know our history... I don't think we should try to hide our history."


title: Doug Ducey

text: As a candidate, Ducey opposed same-sex marriage as well as domestic partnerships for unmarried couples. As governor, in 2015, he supported allowing same-sex couples to adopt children. After same-sex marriage was legalized by the U.S. Supreme Court decision "Obergefell v. Hodges", Ducey said the state would comply with the law and that there were good people on both sides of the issue. In 2017, he said he would not ask the legislature to pass anti-discrimination laws, but added that he opposed discrimination based on sexual orientation. In April 2019, he signed into law a bill that repealed the sex and health education laws that prohibited the "promotion" of homosexuality as an acceptable "lifestyle".


title: Doug Ducey

text: In March 2022, Ducey signed two transgender-related bills into law. One bans transgender people from playing on school sports teams aligning with their gender identity rather than their biological sex. One bars people under 18 from receiving sex-reassignment surgeries.


title: Doug Ducey

text: Under Ducey, the state government was mandated to "shrink", which led Ducey-appointed administrator Tim Jeffries to fire over 400 state employees at the Arizona Department of Economic Security (DES). Ducey then prohibited the leadership from firing employees. The employees were fired for infractions such as questioning leadership for sending purportedly political emails on government systems. Fired employees will be able to petition for reconsideration of their firings with the state HR chief, but do not have the rights in employment they once did because of a law signed by Governor Brewer that converted them to at-will employment in return for bonuses.


title: Doug Ducey

text: Ducey was a major proponent of AZ Prop 123, which slowly took more money from the state land trust to settle a lawsuit that a judge ruled deprived students and teachers of adequate education funding as mandated by Arizona voters. The Arizona legislature violated the law by funding education in the state below the level required by AZ Prop 301, which passed in 2000. Prop 123 settled the lawsuit without raising revenue by increasing distributions from the land trust the federal government bequeathed to Arizona at statehood. The law passed amid controversy, and many teachers were promised small raises only if the law passed, creating an emergent political issue. With a strong Republican majority, it was not considered politically possible to raise revenue to fund education to the level required, so Prop 123 represented a grand compromise.


title: Doug Ducey

text: As governor, Ducey signed legislation to expand the Arizona Supreme Court, seating two additional justices of his choosing. In doing so, he denied that he was packing the court. The legislation was "championed by Republicans but decried by Democrats as an effort by the governor to pack the court with his nominees." In November 2016, Ducey appointed Arizona Court of Appeals Judge Andrew Gould and state Solicitor General John Lopez IV to the two new seats. Lopez is the state's first Latino justice.


title: Doug Ducey

text: As of April 2020, Ducey has made 71 judicial appointments, more than any other Arizona governor, surpassing a record previously held by Bruce Babbitt. In January 2016, Ducey appointed Clint Bolick to the Arizona Supreme Court. Before his appointment, Bolick worked as an attorney for the conservative Goldwater Institute. In April 2019, Ducey appointed Court of Appeals Judge James Beene to the Arizona Supreme Court.


title: Doug Ducey

text: In September 2019, Ducey controversially appointed Maricopa County Attorney Bill Montgomery to the Arizona Supreme Court. The nomination occurred after Ducey replaced several members of the state's judicial nominating commission, who had refused to submit Montgomery's name for a vacancy earlier in the year.


title: Doug Ducey

text: In July 2021, Ducey appointed his former deputy general counsel, Kathryn Hackett King, to succeed Gould on the Supreme Court. King is the court's fifth female justice and the first appointed by Ducey.


title: Doug Ducey

text: Ducey has also appointed several judges to state appellate and trial courts. In 2017, he became the first governor since 1991 to appoint a judge from the opposing political party to the Arizona Court of Appeals.


title: Doug Ducey

text: In May 2018, Ducey signed into law a bill that requires people who collect unemployment benefits for more than four weeks to take any job that pays 20% more than the unemployment benefits. Unemployment benefits in Arizona are capped at $240 a week or half what people earned before they were laid off. The new legislation means that people must take jobs paying $288 a week (about $15,000 a year) regardless of what they used to make.


title: Doug Ducey

text: In 2018, Ducey announced his candidacy for reelection. Former Arizona Secretary of State Ken Bennett challenged him in the Republican primary and lost by a wide margin. Ducey was reelected in November, defeating Democratic nominee David Garcia, 56%-42%.


title: Doug Ducey

text: Ducey opposed a 2016 ballot measure to legalize cannabis for recreational use in Arizona. He stated that he didn't think "any state became stronger by being stoned" and helped raise funds in support of the initiative's opposition campaign. Ducey also opposed a similar ballot measure in 2020 (Proposition 207) which was approved with 60% of the vote.


title: Doug Ducey

text: The Arizona Department of Health Services announced the first case of COVID-19 in Arizona on January 26, 2020, a student at Arizona State University who returned from Wuhan, China. The number of cases rose to nine by mid-March. On March 11, Ducey declared a state of emergency and activated the state's emergency operations center. He also issued executive orders directing the state health department to issue emergency rules to protect residents living in nursing homes and group homes. On March 15, Ducey and State Superintendent of Public Instruction Kathy Hoffman jointly announced a statewide school closure.


title: Doug Ducey

text: On March 30, 2020, Ducey issued a stay-at-home order for one month until April 30. On April 29, he extended the stay-at-home order until May 15. On May 12, Arizona began allowing certain businesses to reopen; both the lockdown and reopening were later cited in two recall efforts against Ducey. The reopening contradicted the advice of academic experts. At the same time Ducey was reopening the state, he ended cooperation with a team of epidemiologists and statisticians from the University of Arizona and Arizona State University. After public criticism, the department resumed the cooperation.


title: Doug Ducey

text: In May 2020, Arizona sought a uniform approach to COVID-19 with consistent mitigation requirements statewide. On June 15, mayors and local governments requested the power to move forward with localized face mask ordinances, including a letter to Ducey from mayors of border towns. Ducey gave mayors that power on June 17. Since then, five counties and 47 cities and towns have issued face mask requirements covering more than 90% of Arizona residents. In July, Arizona launched a program to provide free masks to senior citizens and people with medical conditions.


title: Doug Ducey

text: By June 2020, Arizona had become an epicenter of the pandemic. Public health experts said that was predictable given Arizona's failures to implement public health precautions and decisions by top officials. Arizona's COVID-19 cases increased significantly in June after Memorial Day celebrations, the reopening of businesses, and several weeks of protests over racial injustice over the murder of George Floyd. Ducey was criticized for the state's failure to require social distancing, mask wearing and other restrictions.