title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: After the Test series against New Zealand, Anderson's figures revealed that he struggled to bowl to left-handed batsmen and his contrasting fortunes between the start of his career and his resurgence. By the end of June 2008, Anderson had played 25 Test matches; in the 16 Tests before July 2007 he took 46 wickets at an average of 38.39, but since then in 9 Tests he took 43 wickets at 30.58 at a much lower strike rate. In the five Tests Anderson played against New Zealand in a four-month period, 22 of the 27 wickets he managed were against right-handed batsmen. Against the right-handers he averaged 20.77 compared to 38.60 against left-handers. This was an improvement however on his career statistics, since he averaged 70 wickets at 29.11 against right-handers and 19 at 54.94 against left-handers. This first became clear in the 2003 Test series against South Africa when Graeme Smith and Gary Kirsten milked him for 276 runs while only being dismissed once between them.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: Anderson's batting showed a marked improvement in the summer's home Test series against South Africa. In the second innings of the second Test, at Headingley, Anderson scored a Test-career best 34 runs, having come to the crease as a nightwatchman late on Day 3. In the course of his innings he was struck on the wrist and then on the grille of his helmet by Dale Steyn.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: In the final match of the series, Anderson took his 100th Test wicket. The landmark wicket was that of Jacques Kallis Leg Before Wicket for 2; this feat was achieved in Anderson's 29th Test and after the match he had 104 wickets at an average of 34.51.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: England's One-Day series in India was cut short due to terror attacks in Mumbai. Seven matches were due to be played, but due to the terrorism England flew home after five games. They were 5–0 down in the series and Anderson had not taken one wicket, despite bowling in every one of the five games.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: Following the sacking of Peter Moores in January 2009, and the replacement of Kevin Pietersen by Andrew Strauss as England captain, England left for a tour to the West Indies.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: Following two low-key performances in the warm-up matches against a St. Kitts XI and West Indies A, Anderson was dropped for the first Test in Jamaica. Surprisingly, the West Indies inflicted a large defeat on England, following a third innings batting collapse. With the form of Ryan Sidebottom a cause for concern, and some doubts over his fitness, Anderson was recalled for the second Test at the Sir Vivian Richards Stadium in Antigua. However, this match was abandoned with fewer than two overs bowled due to an unfit outfield. The Test match was rearranged to take place two days later at the Antigua Recreation Ground. After making 4 as a night-watchman during England's first innings, Anderson bowled 19 wicketless overs as the West Indies were bowled out for 285, although he did take the catch of Chris Gayle off Steve Harmison. After making 20, again as night-watchman, in the second batting innings, England fell one wicket short of bowling the West Indies out and securing a Test victory as the tail-enders of Daren Powell and Fidel Edwards survived 10 overs to bat out the draw.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: After sitting out the tour match against the BCA President's XI in Barbados, England and the West Indies played the fourth Test at the Kensington Oval. Both sides found bowling difficult on a very flat track, and the first two innings produced 1,349 runs for the loss of just 15 wickets. England batted first and made 600/6 declared, and Anderson again opened the bowling in the West Indies reply. After striking early to dismiss Chris Gayle LBW on a referral, he also dismissed Shivnarine Chanderpaul and Sulieman Benn, finishing with 3 for 125 from 37 overs. With England batting out the match, Anderson did not feature again as the Test match was drawn. With England still 1–0 down in a series they were expected by many to win comfortably, victory was needed in the fifth and final Test at Queen's Park Oval in Trinidad. After England made 546/6 declared, Anderson again struggled as the West Indies were bowled out for 544, a deficit of 2 runs, with Anderson picking up the wicket of wicket-keeper Dinesh Ramdin for 70 runs, with an economy of just 2.18, one of his best in Test cricket. With England setting the West Indies a target of 240 runs to win, Anderson had arguably his best innings of the tour. After dismissing opener Lendl Simmons, Anderson bowled 16 overs of reverse swing, picking up two more wickets as again England fell just short of victory, this time by two wickets.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: With the Test series lost, England were keen to regain some honour in the T20 and ODIs which remained. After taking 3 for 48 in 8 overs in a warm-up match against the WIPA President's Select XI, Anderson led the England attack in the T20 international. Despite finishing with decent figures of 1–19 in 3 overs, England were beaten soundly. The first One-Day International, however, saw England inflict their first defeat on the West Indies of the tour. After posting 270 for 7 in their 50 overs, Rain interrupted the West Indies' reply, leading to the result being decided on the Duckworth–Lewis method. With the light fading, Anderson succeeded in having Kieron Pollard caught on the boundary by Steve Harmison. Due to the intricacies of the D/L system, this wicket ensured England won the match by a single run.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: In the next two ODIs, England suffered two more defeats, with Anderson taking 3 for 37 from 9 overs in the second ODI, as well as making 8 with the bat, and went on to take 1 for 39 from 5 overs and 0 not out as England fell 2–1 behind in the five-match series. England therefore needed to win the fourth ODI in Barbados to keep the series alive. Bowling first, England restricted the West Indies to 239/9 in their 50 overs, with Anderson himself taking the wicket of Fidel Edwards to finish with figures of 1 for 41 with 1 maiden in the 10 he bowled. Duckworth-Lewis again helped England as they chased down 136 in 18 overs to win by nine wickets. Thus, the series was tied at 2–2 going into the final match in St. Lucia. The West Indies won the toss and elected to bowl first, with England able to post 172/5 in 29 overs (the innings shortened by rain). With 29 overs to chase 173 for victory, the West Indies lost Gayle to Anderson in the first over with the score at 1/1, Anderson going on to add the wicket of Kieron Pollard as he finished with match figures of 2/34 from 6 overs as England won the match by 26 runs, with Anderson's Lancashire teammate Andrew Flintoff taking a hat-trick.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: Anderson finished the tour with 9 wickets at an average of 38.00 from the Test series, with an economy rate of 2.65 runs per over from both innings and best match figures coming in the fifth Test at Trinidad, as well as accumulating 24 runs at an average of 12.00, with a highest-score of 20. In the ODIs, Anderson took 9 wickets at 21.11 and an economy rate of 5.00 runs per over and 8 runs at an equivalent average.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: He then rejected offers to play in the IPL since he wanted to commit to a bright future for England over the following summer.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: The Wisden Trophy was up for grabs again a few months later when the West Indies replaced Zimbabwe, who were still excluded from participating in Test match cricket by the ICC (although originally the tour had been scheduled to be played by Sri Lanka, who pulled out to allow their players to play in the IPL), in a two-Test and three-ODI tour. Anderson was selected after a bright start to the season with Lancashire, which included figures of 11–109 in a match against Sussex at Hove.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: The first Test was held at Lord's, beginning on 6 May 2020. Anderson was not involved directly until the second day, with England batting first, but made only a single in a 19-ball innings. With the wicket showing a green tinge and some cloud cover, Anderson was expected to excel. However he struggled to find his length bowling in the first innings and finished wicketless from seven overs having conceded 32. An improvement in the second innings saw him take the first two wickets after the follow-on, including that of the West Indies captain Chris Gayle, and finishing with figures of 2–38 from 15 overs and match figures of 2–70 as England won by ten wickets.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: From Lord's, the teams moved to Chester-le-Street for the second and final Test of the series. England again won the toss and chose to bat, and proceeded to dominate the West Indies bowling attack, amassing 569–6 declared. Anderson was sent in at the end of the first day in his role as night-watchman to protect Pietersen. Batting with Alastair Cook, they made a partnership of 44, Anderson hitting 14 of them to extend his run of innings without a duck in Test cricket. Later on day three, he was given the ball as England set out to take 20 West Indian wickets and secure match victory. Anderson found some significant swing in the cloudy conditions there, and proceeded to skittle through the West Indies top order, taking the first three wickets (including Gayle again) leaving the West Indies on 68/3. Two late strikes secured Anderson a five-wicket haul, his first in 19 innings since his 7-wicket haul against New Zealand at Trent Bridge the previous summer. Anderson went on to take 4 further wickets after the West Indies were asked to follow-on (for the second time in the series) and England went on to win by an innings and 83 runs. With nine wickets in the match for 125 runs, Anderson was named the Man of the Match, only the second time in his career he had achieved this in a Test match.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: The first match of the following ODI series at Headingley was abandoned due to heavy rain, leaving two One-Day matches to be played. Anderson was named in the England squad for the series, and was selected for both matches. In the first match at Bristol, he bowled six overs for nineteen, with one maiden, but finished wicketless as the West Indies were bowled out for 160. England went on to win the match by six wickets, meaning Anderson was not needed to bat. Neither was he required to bat in the last match of the tour as England scored 328/7 from their 50 overs. Although Anderson went at a run a ball in reply, conceding 58 from 9.4 overs, he took three wickets including the last of the match (that of Sulieman Benn) as the West Indies fell 58 runs short, sealing a 2–0 victory for England in both the Test and ODI series.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: Anderson went on the tour of South Africa as one of the leaders of the English attack, having established himself in all formats of the game. In the opening T20 International, Anderson failed to pick up a wicket, although he was fairly economical, going at 8 runs an over. Anderson improved in the following match, bowling 4 for 28 runs, picking up a wicket. He was the pick of the English bowlers as South Africa won the match, posting over 200. Anderson bowled well in the ODI series, picking up regular wickets. He claimed 3–60 in the second ODI, and 5–23 in the fourth match. The four-match Test series was drawn 1–1, with Anderson bowling well. He picked up 5 wickets for 63 runs during the 3rd Test, as well as 4–73 in the opening match.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: Anderson was selected in the England squad for the 2010 T20 World Cup, despite not being regarded as a specialist in this format of cricket. He did not play in the opening group match against the West Indies. With England playing well in the tournament, and with the three-man seam attack of Stuart Broad, Ryan Sidebottom and Tim Bresnan performing, Anderson could not break into the side. England went on to win the tournament, beating Australia in the final.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: England faced Bangladesh in a two-match Test series. England were expected to win easily and cruised to victory in the first Test, with Anderson taking figures of 4–78 and 1–84. Anderson also played in the second Test, finishing with figures of 1–45 and 3–16. England won the series 2–0. Anderson played in the first ODI, but was expensive, taking figures of 3–74. He was wicketless in the second game as England suffered a shock defeat. Anderson did not play in the decider, which England won to take the series.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: England then played Pakistan at home. It was during this series that Anderson established himself as one of the world's best Test bowlers. In the first match he took 5–54 and 6–17 which England won. This left Anderson with match figures of 11–71. He helped England win the second Test, achieving figures of 4–20 in the first innings. Anderson continued to impress in the final two Tests continuing to be economical and providing a wicket-taking threat. Anderson was rested for the first ODI, but returned in the second, taking 1–36 in ten overs. He then took 3–26 in the third match, before playing the remaining matches of the series. Although Anderson struggled to take wickets, his economical bowling frustrated the opposition and kept the run rate down. By the end of the tour, Anderson had established himself as the leader of the England attack, with his swing bowling making him one of the most feared bowlers in the world.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: As expected, Anderson was selected in the England squad to play Australia, where he developed his own wobble-seam delivery to combat the Kookaburra ball that doesn't swing as much for as long. Anderson played well in the opening tour games and took two wickets in the opening Test match, which finished as a draw. In the second Test England thrashed Australia, winning by an innings and 71 runs. Anderson took 4–51 in the first innings and Australia were never able to recover. England lost the third Test, but Anderson still impressed taking 4 wickets. Anderson took 4–44 in the fourth Test, which England won to retain the Ashes. He then took 4–66 and 3–61 as England won the fifth Test and series 3–1. During the series Anderson became the second youngest England bowler to claim 200 Test wickets. Anderson was rested at the start of the ODI series, but with England struggling he was recalled, taking 2–57 in the third match. In the sixth match Anderson took 1–91 of his ten overs as the England team struggled. Anderson took 3–48 in the final match of the series, but it wasn't enough to prevent another defeat as England lost the one-day series 6–1.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: Anderson was selected in the squad for the 2011 World Cup and played in the opening game against the Netherlands. He was involved in the dramatic tie against India, where both teams posted 338, and also played as England suffered an embarrassing defeat against Ireland. His best match of the tournament came when he helped England defend 171 against South Africa, where he bowled six overs, collecting figures of 2–16. He was left out of the team against the West Indies, which England won. Anderson did not appear in England's final match against Sri Lanka, in which they lost by ten wickets and so bowed out at the quarter-final stage of the competition. Overall, Anderson had a disappointing tournament, although the pitches did not suit his style of bowling being unable to get the ball to swing.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: Anderson was part of the England team when Sri Lanka toured in 2011. Anderson took 3–66 in the first innings, but was unable to bowl in the second due to an injury. England won the first Test after Sri Lanka collapsed for 82 all out in the second innings. Anderson was ruled out of the second Test through injury but returned for the third, taking figures of 2–56 and 2–81 as England drew the match, but won the series 1–0. Anderson took 4–18 in the first ODI but was wicketless in the second match. In the fourth match he returned to his best, taking 3–24. In the final match he took 2–55, helping England to a series win.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: England's next opponents were India. England needed to win the four match series by two games to overtake India in the world rankings and become the new top-ranked Test team. Anderson shone in the first Test, taking 5–65 as England took a 1–0 lead. Anderson took 5 more wickets in the second Test and a further 6 in the third as England took a 3–0 series lead. Anderson took 3 more wickets in the final Test as England won the series 4–0 and became the new world Number Ones. Following Anderson's performance, he was widely considered the premier fast bowler in the world. Anderson took 3–48 in the third ODI but was left out of the final game of the series as had already won, taking a 2–0 lead into the final match, which they also won by 6 wickets.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: England toured Pakistan at the back end of 2012. The series was held in the UAE. England struggled in the conditions and slumped to a heavy defeat in the first Test, with Anderson largely ineffectual. England again lost the second Test, with poor performances from the batsmen giving the bowlers little to work with. Anderson took his best figures of the tour, 3–35 in the final match of the series, but it wasn't enough to prevent a whitewash for Pakistan. After the series, England moved on to Sri Lanka for a two-match Test series. Anderson took 5–72 in the first innings but it wasn't enough to prevent a fourth straight defeat for England. Anderson was praised for his performance in conditions which did not favour seam bowlers. England won the final Test to level the series, with Anderson taking figures of 4–98 in the match. As a result of his performances, Anderson was named England Cricketer of the Year.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: In the second Test against West Indies, Anderson took 4–43 at Trent Bridge, a ground where he always performed due to the swing-friendly conditions. With England taking a 2–0 series lead, Anderson was rested for the final match of the series to help him avoid burnout. Anderson played in the ODI series against the West Indies, taking 2–38 in the second match. England then played Australia in 5 ODIs. Anderson took 2–55 in the first match, and 2–34 in the fourth match. There were suggestions that Anderson would play no part in the series, both to rest him and to deprive Australia of facing him ahead of the Ashes series the following year. However, despite this, Anderson played a key part in the series.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: England faced South Africa at the end of the summer, with their Number One ranking on the line. The series was also anticipated as a chance to see Anderson go head to head with Dale Steyn, regarded as the world's two best seam bowlers. The series was a disappointment for England. They lost the first Test by an innings, with Anderson managing figures of 1–116. The second Test was a tighter affair, with the match ending in a draw, but Anderson could only manage three wickets in the match. England lost the third Test, meaning a 2–0 series defeat, and South Africa earned their place at the top of the Test rankings. Anderson took 4–44 in the third ODI, and 2–41 in the fifth as the series ended as 2–2 draw. This was seen as a positive result for England, with several young players being blooded against an experienced South African team.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: Following the defeat to South Africa, Andrew Strauss retired and was replaced as captain by Alistair Cook. The first series under the leadership of Cook was against India. England lost the first Test by 9 wickets, with Anderson taking just one wicket in the match. England won the second Test convincingly, but Anderson again struggled in conditions more suited to spinners. Anderson performed much better in the third Test, taking six wickets overall. Anderson took the wicket of Sachin Tendulkar in the 1st innings of the third Test to equal Muttiah Muralitharan as the most successful bowler against Tendulkar with a total of eight dismissals. With England needing just a draw to win the series in the final Test, Anderson took 4–81 to help England draw the match and win the series 2–1.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: In the tour of New Zealand, Anderson returned to the ODI side. In February 2013 during England's loss of the 1st One day international in New Zealand, with the wicket of BJ Watling, his 529th in international cricket, Anderson overtook Ian Botham to become England's all-time highest wicket-taker. He took 5–34 in the second match as England went on to win the series. Anderson took 4–137 in the first Test and went on to take wickets in every innings in the series. The series itself finished 0–0, with the batsmen dominating on good batting wickets.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: Anderson played a key role in the 2013 Champions Trophy. He took 3–30 against Australia as England made a winning start to their campaign. During the match ICC Champions Trophy match against Australia he became England's leading ODI wicket-taker when he took his 235th wicket. In the final Group A match he took 3–32 as England reached the semi-finals of the competition. England shocked South Africa and won by 7 wickets, with Anderson taking 2–14 off 8 overs. England played India, the favourites for the competition in the final, in what proved to be a rain interrupted match. Only being able to bowl four overs, Anderson took 1–24, but a poor batting performance meant that England lost the match and India went on to become champions.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: In the opening match of the Test series against New Zealand, Anderson took match figures of 7–70. On the second day of the 1st Test against New Zealand, he became the fourth English bowler to take 300 Test wickets when he dismissed Peter Fulton. England went on to win the series 2–0. Anderson took 3–31 in the first ODI, and also played in the second match. England lost the series 2–1.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: During the summer of 2013, England played Australia in the first of what would be back-to-back Ashes Series. The first Test of the home series was held at Trent Bridge. Despite being favourites, England struggled in the first innings, posting just 215. Anderson led the fightback, taking 5–85 as England bowled Australia out for 280. As Australia closed in on winning the match in the second innings, Anderson took 5–73, including the winning wicket. Anderson was required to bowl a long spell to win England the match, and Kevin Pietersen later posted a picture of Anderson lying exhausted on the floor. England won the second Test, although this time Anderson was less influential, taking only three wickets. Anderson was again quiet in the third Test, in which England managed to hold on to a draw following a long rain delay. Anderson took 2–65 in the fourth Test as England went 3–0 up in the series. Following the game, there was speculation Anderson would be rested for the final Test to ensure he would be fresh for the return series in Australia. However, Anderson played and took 4–95 in the first innings, as the match ended in a draw and England won the series 3–0. Anderson was rested for the ODI series as back up bowlers such as Ben Stokes and Boyd Rankin were given the chance to play.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: Anderson again toured Australia as part of the 2013–14 Ashes series. It proved to be a miserable tour for Anderson and the rest of his England teammates. Anderson was ineffectual in the first Test as England lost convincingly. He took 3 wickets in the second Test but it was clear the conditions did not suit his game. In the third Test he bowled 19 wicketless overs and conceded 105 runs as England lost the series. He took 4–67 in the fourth Test but was unable to prevent defeat as the English batsmen continued to struggle. In the fifth Test Australia completed the whitewash, with Anderson taking three wickets in the match. Anderson was rested for the ODI series, which England again struggled in, losing 4–1.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: Following the Ashes series, England played Sri Lanka at home. In the first match of the series Anderson had figures of 1–22. In the second ODI between England and Sri Lanka, Anderson took two wickets for 38 runs. He finished with figures of 2–10 in the next match as England won by 10 wickets. He took 2–60 in the next match as Sri Lanka levelled the series at 2–2. England lost the final match of the series, with Anderson finishing with figures of 1–33. After picking up figures of 3–93 in the Sri Lankan first innings, he took 4–25 in the second as England fell narrowly short of victory as the first Test ended in a draw. In the second Test, he took 2–49 in the first innings before taking 3–91 in the second. As England battled to save the Test, Anderson faced 55 balls but was dismissed on the penultimate ball of the match as England lost the match. Anderson was named England's man of the series after taking 12 wickets in the series.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: On 12 July 2014, in the First Test of the series against India, Anderson and teammate Joe Root broke numerous records in England's first innings of the first Test against India at Trent Bridge. Anderson hit his maiden first-class fifty as well as posting the highest score (81 runs) by an England No 11 batsman in Test history. His innings was also the longest innings by a No 11 batsman in Test history. Timed at 230 minutes, it surpassed the previous record set by Mushtaq Ahmed in 1997 (183 minutes) by almost an hour. He and Root also set a new world record for a 10th-wicket partnership in Test cricket scoring 198 runs, beating the 163 run-partnership by Australians Phillip Hughes and Ashton Agar at Trent Bridge on 11 July 2013. Anderson and fellow bowler Stuart Broad were criticised for their performance in the second Test after failing to capitalise on a good bowling surface. Anderson finished with match figures of 5–137 as England lost the match, increasing the pressure on the team. He returned to his best in the next Test as England levelled the series as he took figures of 5–53 in the first innings and 2–24 in the second. His first-innings spell was nominated to be one of the best Test bowling performance of the year 2014 by ESPNCricinfo.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: In the fourth match of the series he took match figures of 5–64 as England won the match by an innings to go 2–1 up in the series. Anderson was again pivotal as England won the final match of the series, taking four wickets in the match. After the conclusion of the 5th Test, Anderson was named Man of the Series for taking 25 wickets. Anderson had a mixed ODI series against India. After the first match was abandoned, Anderson was wicket less in the first three games of the series, taking figures of 0–57, 0–29 and 0–38 as England went 3–0 down in the series. However, he bowled well in the final match of the series, taking figures of 2–39 as England won the match.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: Following injury, Anderson returned to the England team for the second match of the Tri-Series against India, where he had figures of 4–18 to help England win. In the next match against Australia he was wicket less as England were defeated. In the game against India, Anderson picked up figures of 1–24 to help England qualify for the final. In the final, Anderson picked up two wickets but England lost the match and finished runners-up.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: Anderson failed to take a wicket in the first match against Australia, finishing with figures of 0–67. In the next match against New Zealand he finished with figures of 0–37 as England suffered a humiliating eight wicket defeat. He took his first wickets of the tournament against Scotland as he collected figures of 2–30 as England won their first game of the tournament. He was again wicket less in England's defeat to Sri Lanka. In their must win game against Bangladesh, Anderson took figures of 2–45 but was later the last man out as England lost the game to exit the World Cup. In their final group game against Afghanistan, Anderson bowled economically, finishing with figures of 1–18 as England won their final match of the tournament.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: In April 2015, during the drawn first Test of the West Indies tour in Antigua (Anderson's 100th match), he had West Indies captain Denesh Ramdin caught at slip for his 384th Test wicket, thus overtaking another Ian Botham record and becoming England's all-time highest Test match wicket-taker. Despite Anderson's best efforts, the match ended in a draw. In the second Test Anderson took 2–47 West Indies first innings as they were bowled out for 299. His figures of 4–43 in the second innings helped England put themselves in a match winning position. They won the game by nine wickets to go 1–0 up in the series. In the final Test, Anderson took 6–42 in the West Indies first innings as England took a first innings lead. However, England collapsed in their second innings and although Anderson took a wicket in the West Indies second innings, it wasn't enough to prevent a five wicket defeat as the series ended in a 1–1 draw. He was awarded with the player of the series award.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: New Zealand toured England for a 2 test and 5 ODI series. Anderson took 1–88 in New Zealand's first innings in the first Test between the two sides. In the second innings he took 1–31 as England won the match by 124 runs to go 1–0 up in the series. In the second Test he took 2–43 as New Zealand were bowled out for 350. He made an unbeaten ten with the bat to help England reach 350 and level the scores. In New Zealand's second innings he took 2–96 as New Zealand won the Test to level the series at 1–1. During the series Anderson took his 400th Test wicket and scored his 1000th Test run.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: In the first Test Anderson took figures of 3–43 in Australia's first innings to help restrict them to 308, and England went on to win the game by 169 runs. In the second Test he failed to take a wicket in the whole match, finishing with figures of 0–99 in the first innings and 0–48 in the second innings as Australia won the match by 405 runs. In the third Test, Anderson took 6–47 in the Australian first innings to help restrict them to 136. He took 1–15 in the second innings but injured himself in the process. Although England won the game to go 2–1 up in the series, Anderson was ruled out of the remainder of the series through injury. England went on to win the series 3–2.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: Anderson recovered from his injury in time for the Test series against Pakistan. In the first innings of the first Test, Anderson took figures of 2–42 and bowled economically as Pakistan were dismissed for 523. In the second innings he took figures of 2–30 as Pakistan were bowled out for 173, but England did not have enough time to force a win and the match finished in a draw. In the second Test Anderson took 1–40 in the first innings, before finishing with figures of 2–22 in Pakistan's second innings as they were dismissed for 354. However, England's batting was unable to chase down the target and the suffered a 127 run defeat. England needed to win the final Test of the series to level it, and Pakistan were dismissed cheaply for 234 in the first innings, with Anderson taking 4–17. However, they recovered in their second innings, scoring 355, despite Anderson taking 2–52. An England second innings collapse saw Pakistan win the series 2–0.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: Anderson was injured for the first Test against South Africa. He returned to the side for the second Test but failed to make an impact, taking 1–77 as the match ended in a draw. In the third Test Anderson took 1–60 in South Africa's first innings, before taking 1–26 in their second innings as they collapsed to 83 all out to hand England a historic victory on South Africa soil. Anderson took his best figures of the series in the final Test, finishing with 3–47 in South Africa's second innings, but a poor batting performance from England saw South Africa win the Test by 280 run, although England won the series 2–1.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: In the first Test against Sri Lanka, Anderson was in sublime form, taking figures of 5–16 in the tourist's first innings to restrict them to 91. In their second innings, he took figures of 5–29 as England secured a comprehensive victory by a margin of an innings and 88 runs. In the second Test, Anderson took 3–36 in Sri Lanka's first innings, and followed this up with 5–58 in their second innings as England secured another win, this time by nine wickets. In the final, rain affected match of the series, Anderson took figures of 2–61 in Sri Lanka's first innings, and then took the only wicket to fall in Sri Lanka's second innings as the match ended in a draw. Following his exploits, Anderson ended the series as the World's Number One Test bowler.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: After missing the first Test through injury, Anderson returned in the second match of the series and took four wickets in the match as England won to level the series at 1–1. In the third match, he took figures of 2–54 in Pakistan's first innings and then took 2–31 in their second innings as England recorded a 141 run victory. England lost the final match of the series, with Anderson taking just one wicket in the match as the series finished 2–2.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: After missing the series against Bangladesh through injury, Anderson returned to the side for the second Test against India. He took 3–62 in the first innings as India made 455. He then took 1–33 in the second innings. India won the match by 246 runs. In the third Test he did not take a wicket in India's first innings, and with India needing a small target to win the game in the second innings, Anderson again failed to take a wicket as India won by eight wickets. In the fourth Test he took 0–63 as India posted 631 and won the game by an innings and 36 runs. Anderson missed the final Test through injury, with England losing the series 4–0.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: Anderson was named as England Test vice-captain after Ben Stokes was suspended indefinitely. Stokes was arrested in the early hours of the morning following the third ODI against West Indies at Bristol in September 2017 from an incident near a night club, at which teammate Alex Hales was also present.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: Midway through the Ashes tour England Lions batsman Ben Duckett was suspended after pouring a drink over Anderson in a Perth bar. Although coach Trevor Bayliss described the incident as trivial, coming as it did after the Stokes affair and a head-butting incident between Cameron Bancroft and Jonny Bairstow, it seemed to confirm that England had off-field issues during the 2017–18 Ashes.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: Anderson played all five Test matches in the Ashes but couldn't prevent his team losing control of the urn, with England slipping to a 4–0 series defeat. Despite the poor performance of the team as a whole, Anderson emerged with some considerable personal credit having returned figures of 17 wickets at an average of 27.82 over the Test series, including a haul of 5/43 in the 2nd innings of the day-night 2nd Test at Adelaide. He ended the tour as the top England wicket-taker in the Ashes. Over the entire series Anderson bowled 223.3 overs, the most in a series in his career.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: During the second Test against New Zealand in 2018, Anderson – along with partner Stuart Broad and the two opening bowlers from the opposition (Trent Boult and Tim Southee) – was part of just the third quartet of opening bowlers to take all 20 wickets in the first innings of each team in a single Test match (and the first since 1912). In the same Test series, Anderson set another milestone by becoming the most heavily used fast bowler ever in Test history, surpassing Courtney Walsh's record of 30,019 deliveries in a Test career. He was the second highest wicket-taker in the 2 match Test series, taking 8 wickets with England eventually losing the series 1–0.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: Anderson was selected in the England squad to face Pakistan in May 2018 in a two Test match series. In the first Test match, which Pakistan won, Anderson had team leading match figures of 4–94. In the second Test he took 5 wickets at the expense of 78 runs, to help England win by an innings and 55 runs. Overall Anderson took a team leading 9 wickets during the series, with the series being tied 1–1.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: Anderson was in the side as England played their 1,000th Test match, during the first Test against India at Edgbaston in the five-match series. During the second Test, Anderson picked up his 100th wicket at Lord's in Tests, and his 550th Test match wicket as he took 5–20 in the first innings, and finished with match figures of 9–43. The third Test at Trent Bridge was won by India as they recovered from a 2–0 start to the series, Anderson took his 100th wicket against India in Tests. In the fifth Test, Anderson equalled Glenn McGrath's record for the most Test wickets by a pace bowler (563), he then surpassed this later in the game when he took his 564th Test wicket. Anderson took 24 wickets at an average of 18.13 during the series, the most wickets by any bowler during the series as England beat India 4–1.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: Anderson played the first two Tests of the three-match series in Sri Lanka. In the first Test, he took match figures of 1/53 from 22 overs, helping England to their first ever Test win in Galle. The second Test saw a record breaking 38 wickets taken by spin bowlers, with Anderson going wicketless for the first time in almost two years. Anderson was rested for the third Test, to allow Stuart Broad match practice. This meant Anderson finished with just 1 wicket in the series, the lowest in a Test series he had participated in since 2003.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: Anderson took a five-wicket haul during the first innings of the three-match Test series against the West Indies at Kensington Oval, Barbados. This was his 27th five-wicket haul, tying Ian Botham's record for England in Test matches. Whilst en route to his five-wicket haul, he also became the first English bowler to take 200 Test wickets away from home. Despite this, England lost the match by 381 runs, the West Indies' largest victory in terms of runs at home. Anderson finished the series, which England lost 2–1, with 10 wickets at an average of 24.50.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: On 29 May 2020, Anderson was named in a 55-man group of players to begin training ahead of international fixtures starting in England following the COVID-19 pandemic. On 17 June 2020, Anderson was included in England's 30-man squad to start training behind closed doors for the Test series against the West Indies. On 4 July 2020, Anderson was named in England's thirteen-man squad for the first Test match of the series. On 25 August, Anderson became the first fast bowler to reach 600 Test wickets.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: On 25 July 2016, during the second Test of that year's England-Pakistan series at Old Trafford, he became the first fast bowler to take 50 wickets against all other 7 major Test-playing nations, Australia, India, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka and West Indies. In December 2019, in the first Test against South Africa, Anderson became the ninth cricketer to play in 150 Test matches. In January 2020, in the second Test of the series against South Africa, Anderson took his 28th five-wicket haul in Test cricket. He surpassed Sir Ian Botham's record of 27, to become the bowler with the most five-wicket hauls for England in Test cricket.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: He is the only seam bowler to take 300+ Test wickets on home soil. He is the first pace bowler, and second player overall, to take 100 Test wickets at a single venue (at Lord's; Muttiah Muralitharan has taken 100 wickets at three separate grounds in Sri Lanka) He has the most international Test deliveries bowled by a pace bowler.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: He holds the world record for "not out" batting performances in Test cricket, achieving his 62nd Test "not out" at Lord's in 2017, passing the previous record of 61 set by Courtney Walsh.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: On 5 July 2021, playing for Lancashire against Kent in the LV= County Championship, Anderson took seven wickets for 19 runs (including 5 maiden overs), a new First Class best. It also meant he passed 1,000 First Class wickets.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: On 18 December 2021, Anderson during England's 1st innings in the 2nd Test of the Ashes, became the first-ever batsman to remain not out in Test cricket on 100 instances.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: In the 2015 Queen's Birthday Honours, Anderson was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) "for services to cricket". On 11 February 2016, he received his OBE at Buckingham Palace.


title: James Anderson (cricketer)

text: Since the Ashes Tour of Australia in the 2017–18, Anderson has been an integral part of the award-winning British podcast "Tailenders" a loosely cricket based podcast alongside BBC presenter, Greg James, and former Maccabees guitarist, Felix White.


title: Director of the Central Intelligence Agency

text: The director of the Central Intelligence Agency (D/CIA) is a statutory office () that functions as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency, which in turn is a part of the United States Intelligence Community.


text: Beginning February 2017, the D/CIA was elevated to Cabinet of the United States level status, as designated by the president of the United States. This ended with the beginning of the Biden administration.


text: The director reports to the director of national intelligence (DNI) and is assisted by the deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency (DD/CIA). The director is a civilian or a general or flag officer of the United States Armed Forces nominated by the president of the United States, with the recommendation from the DNI, and must be confirmed by a majority vote of the United States Senate.


text: Before April 21, 2005, the director of Central Intelligence (DCI) headed both the Intelligence Community and the Central Intelligence Agency. In addition, DCI served as an advisor to the president of the United States on intelligence matters and was the statutory intelligence advisor to the National Security Council (NSC). On April 21, 2005, the director of national intelligence (DNI) took on the roles as head of the Intelligence Community and principal intelligence advisor to the president and the NSC.


text: The post of DCI was established in 1946 by President Harry S. Truman; it thus predates the establishment of the Central Intelligence Agency (created by the National Security Act of 1947). After the end of World War II, the Office of Strategic Services was dismantled and its functions were split between the departments of state and war (now defense). President Truman soon recognized the inefficiency of this arrangement and created the Central Intelligence Group, which could be considered a smaller precursor to the National Security Council. The following year the National Security Act of 1947 created the Central Intelligence Agency and National Security Council, while formally defining the duties of the director of Central Intelligence. The duties of the DCI had been further defined over the years by tradition, congressional acts, and Executive Orders.


text: The order of succession determines which official shall act and perform the functions and duties of the director in the event he or she dies, resigns, or otherwise becomes unable to perform their duties. The official will serve as Acting Director.


text: If the official is already serving in an acting capacity, or he or she is otherwise not eligible under the Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998, the order skips to the next person in line. However, the president of the United States retains discretion to depart from the list in designating an acting director.


title: Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant

text: The Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Station (, ) in southeastern Ukraine is the largest nuclear power plant in Europe and among the 10 largest in the world. It was built by the Soviet Union near the city of Enerhodar, on the southern shore of the Kakhovka Reservoir on the Dnieper river. It is operated by Energoatom, who also operate Ukraine's other three nuclear power stations.


title: Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant

text: The plant has six VVER-1000 pressurized light water nuclear reactors (PWR), each fuelled with U (LEU) and generating 950 MW, for a total power output of 5,700 MW. The first five were successively brought online between 1985 and 1989, and the sixth was added in 1995. The plant generates nearly half of the country's electricity derived from nuclear power, and more than a fifth of total electricity generated in Ukraine. The Zaporizhzhia thermal power station is nearby.


title: Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant

text: On 4 March 2022, the nuclear and thermal power stations were both captured by Russian forces during the Battle of Enerhodar of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. the plant is reportedly controlled by the Russian company Rosatom. The plant continued to be operated by Ukrainian staff, under Russian control, until 11 September 2022, when the sixth reactor was disconnected.


title: Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant

text: The spent nuclear fuel is stored in cooling pools inside the reactor containments for up to five years. It is then transferred to an on-site dry cask storage facility that was commissioned in 2004. The reactors and spent fuel pools depend on water from the Kakhovka Reservoir for cooling. The reservoir is created by the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant dam, which is a main conflict location of the two war participants.


title: Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant

text: The electricity generated is supplied to the Ukrainian grid through four 750kV overhead transmission lines and one 330kV line. One of the 750kV lines runs northwards across the Kakhovka Reservoir and on to the Dniprovska substation just south of Vilnohirsk in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. The other three 750kV lines run south from the plant, first splitting off at the village of Zapovitne to the Kakhovska substation just west of Nova Kakhovka. This is the newest of the lines and was commissioned in 2021. Two lines continue south-southeast, splitting off at the urban-type settlement of Mykhailivka with one line continuing southeast to the Pivdennodonbaska mines in Donetsk Oblast, and the other continuing east and then north to the Zaporizka substation north of Znackove in Zaporizhzhia Oblast. The 330kV line runs to the neighbouring Zaporizhzhia thermal power station.


title: Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant

text: In 2017, modernization work was completed on reactor unit 3, enabling a 10-year life extension to 2027. In 2021, modernization work was completed on unit 5, enabling a 10-year life extension.


title: Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant

text: In May 2014, 40 armed persons claiming to be representatives of Right Sector allegedly tried to gain access to the power plant area. The men were stopped by the Ukrainian police before entering Enerhodar.


title: Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant

text: The Zaporizhzhia power plant is located around 200 km from the War in Donbas combat zone, where fighting became intense in 2014. On 31 August 2014, a Greenpeace member, Tobias Münchmeyer, expressed concerns the plant could be hit by heavy artillery from the fighting.


title: Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant

text: On 3 December 2014, Prime Minister Arseny Yatseniuk announced the occurrence of an incident several days before at the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant. The cause of the incident was reported as a short circuit in the power outlet system and was not linked to the site's production. One of the six reactors of the plant was shut down twice in December 2014. This and lack of coal for Ukraine's coal-fired power stations led to rolling blackouts throughout the country from early until late December 2014.


title: Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant

text: After the Russian invasion of Ukraine began on 24 February 2022, Energoatom shut down Units 5 and 6 to reduce risk, keeping Units 1 to 4 in operation on 25 February.


title: Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant

text: At 11:28 pm local time on 3 March 2022, a column of 10 Russian armored vehicles and two tanks approached the power plant. Fighting commenced at 12:48am on 4 March when Ukraine forces fired anti-tank missiles. Russian forces responded with a variety of weapons, including rocket-propelled grenades. During approximately two hours of heavy combat, a fire broke out in a training facility outside the main complex, which was extinguished by 6:20am, though other sections surrounding the plant sustained damage. The fire did not impact reactor safety or any essential equipment. The plant lost 1.3 GW of capacity. It was later learned that a large caliber bullet pierced an outer wall of Reactor No. 4 and an artillery shell hit a transformer at Reactor No. 6.


title: Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant

text: "Ukrayinska Pravda" reported on 12 March that the plant's management was told by Russian authorities that the plant now belonged to Rosatom, Russia's state nuclear power company. It continued to operate and supply data, including from a remote monitoring system, to the IAEA. It continued to be operated by Ukrainian staff, under Russian control.


title: Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant

text: Since July, the situation has escalated significantly, leading to an ongoing crisis. On 3 September an IAEA delegation visited the plant and on 6 September a report was published documenting damage and potential threats to plant security caused by external shelling and the presence of occupying troops in the plant.


title: Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant

text: On 11 September 2022, the final reactor was disconnected, as the plant entered cold shut down to minimize war risks caused by continued shelling.


title: Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant

text: With declared annexation of Zaporizhya oblast Russia also declared legal takeover of the plant, while the actual control over its operations continued to be unclear as of October 2022. Russian forces detained a number of plant's Ukrainian employees, starting from its deputy director Valery Martynyuk, his assistant Oleh Oshek and then IT manager Oleh Kostyukov, without providing any justification for the kidnappings.


title: Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant

text: As of November, Ukrainian cities had drawn up plans for evacuation centers, secured supplies of potassium iodide pills and 10% of emergency medicine teams in Ukraine had been reconfigured to respond to chemical, biological, radiation, and nuclear risks.


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: Psoriatic arthritis is a long-term inflammatory arthritis that occurs in people affected by the autoimmune disease psoriasis. The classic feature of psoriatic arthritis is swelling of entire fingers and toes with a sausage-like appearance. This often happens in association with changes to the nails such as small depressions in the nail (pitting), thickening of the nails, and detachment of the nail from the nailbed. Skin changes consistent with psoriasis (e.g., red, scaly, and itchy plaques) frequently occur before the onset of psoriatic arthritis but psoriatic arthritis can precede the rash in 15% of affected individuals. It is classified as a type of seronegative spondyloarthropathy.


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: Genetics are thought to be strongly involved in the development of psoriatic arthritis. Obesity and certain forms of psoriasis are thought to increase the risk.


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: Psoriatic arthritis affects up to 30% of people with psoriasis and occurs in both children and adults. Approximately 40–50% of individuals with psoriatic arthritis have the HLA-B27 genotype. The condition is less common in people of Asian or African descent and affects men and women equally.


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: Pain, swelling, or stiffness in one or more joints is commonly present in psoriatic arthritis. Psoriatic arthritis is inflammatory, and affected joints are generally red or warm to the touch. Asymmetrical oligoarthritis, defined as inflammation affecting two to four joints during the first six months of disease, is present in 70% of cases. However, in 15% of cases, the arthritis is symmetrical. The joints of the hand that is involved in psoriasis are the proximal interphalangeal (PIP), the distal interphalangeal (DIP), the metacarpophalangeal (MCP), and the wrist. Involvement of the distal interphalangeal joints (DIP) is a characteristic feature and is present in 15% of cases.


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: In addition to affecting the joints of the hands and wrists, psoriatic arthritis may affect the fingers, nails, and skin. Sausage-like swelling in the fingers or toes, known as dactylitis, may occur. Psoriasis can also cause changes to the nails, such as pitting or separation from the nail bed, onycholysis, hyperkeratosis under the nails, and horizontal ridging. Psoriasis classically presents with scaly skin lesions, which are most commonly seen over extensor surfaces such as the scalp, natal cleft and umbilicus.


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: In psoriatic arthritis, pain can occur in the area of the sacrum (the lower back, above the tailbone), as a result of sacroiliitis or spondylitis, which is present in 40% of cases. Pain can occur in and around the feet and ankles, especially enthesitis in the Achilles tendon (inflammation of the Achilles tendon where it inserts into the bone) or plantar fasciitis in the sole of the foot.


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: Along with the above-noted pain and inflammation, there is extreme exhaustion that does not go away with adequate rest. The exhaustion may last for days or weeks without abatement. Psoriatic arthritis may remain mild or may progress to more destructive joint disease. Periods of active disease, or flares, will typically alternate with periods of remission. In severe forms, psoriatic arthritis may progress to arthritis mutilans which on X-ray gives a "pencil-in-cup" appearance.


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: Because prolonged inflammation can lead to joint damage, early diagnosis and treatment to slow or prevent joint damage is recommended.


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: The exact causes are not yet known, however silica dust exposure has been identified in Australia and a number of genetic associations have been identified in a genome-wide association study of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis including HLA-B27.


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: There is no definitive test to diagnose psoriatic arthritis. Symptoms of psoriatic arthritis may closely resemble other diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. A rheumatologist (a physician specializing in autoimmune diseases) may use physical examinations, health history, blood tests and x-rays to accurately diagnose psoriatic arthritis.


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: Other symptoms that are more typical of psoriatic arthritis than other forms of arthritis include enthesitis (inflammation in the Achilles tendon (at the back of the heel) or the plantar fascia (bottom of the feet)), and dactylitis (sausage-like swelling of the fingers or toes).


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: Several conditions can mimic the clinical presentation of psoriatic arthritis including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, reactive arthritis, gouty arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and inflammatory bowel disease-associated arthritis. In contrast to psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis tends to affect the proximal joints (e.g., the metacarpophalangeal joints), involves a greater number of joints than psoriatic arthritis, and affect them symmetrically. Involvement of the spinal joints is more suggestive of psoriatic arthritis than rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis shares certain clinical features with psoriatic arthritis such as its tendency to affect multiple distal joints in an asymmetric pattern. Unlike psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis does not typically involve inflammation of the sacroiliac joint. Psoriatic arthritis sometimes affects only one joint and is sometimes confused for gout or pseudogout when this happens.


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: The underlying process in psoriatic arthritis is inflammation; therefore, treatments are directed at reducing and controlling inflammation. Milder cases of psoriatic arthritis may be treated with NSAIDs alone; however, there is a trend toward earlier use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or biological response modifiers to prevent irreversible joint destruction.


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: Typically the medications first prescribed for psoriatic arthritis are NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and naproxen, followed by more potent NSAIDs like diclofenac, indomethacin, and etodolac. NSAIDs can irritate the stomach and intestine, and long-term use can lead to gastrointestinal bleeding. Coxibs (COX-2 inhibitors) e.g. Celecoxib or Etoricoxib, are associated with a statistically significant 50 to 66% relative risk reduction in gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding complications compared to traditional NSAIDs, but carry an increased rate of cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction (MI) or heart attack, and stroke. Both COX-2 inhibitors and other non-selective NSAIDS have potential adverse effects that include damage to the kidneys.


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: These are used in persistent symptomatic cases without exacerbation. Rather than just reducing pain and inflammation, this class of drugs helps limit the amount of joint damage that occurs in psoriatic arthritis. Most DMARDs act slowly and may take weeks or even months to take full effect. Drugs such as methotrexate or leflunomide are commonly prescribed; other DMARDS used to treat psoriatic arthritis include cyclosporin, azathioprine, and sulfasalazine. According to a recent Cochrane review, low dose oral methotrexate was slightly more effective than placebos. Immunosuppressant drugs can also reduce psoriasis skin symptoms but can lead to liver and kidney problems and an increased risk of serious infection.


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: A new class of therapeutics called biological response modifiers or biologics has been developed using recombinant DNA technology. Biologic medications are derived from living cells cultured in a laboratory. Unlike traditional DMARDS that affect the entire immune system, biologics target specific parts of the immune system. They are given by injection or intravenous (IV) infusion.


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: Biologics prescribed for psoriatic arthritis are TNF-α inhibitors, including infliximab, etanercept, golimumab, certolizumab pegol and adalimumab, as well as the IL-12/IL-23 inhibitor ustekinumab, and the IL-17a inhibitor secukinumab. Recently, the Jak inhibitor, tofacitinib (Xeljanz), was approved for the use in active psoriatic arthritis.


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: Biologics may increase the risk of minor and serious infections. More rarely, they may be associated with nervous system disorders, blood disorders or certain types of cancer.


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: A first-in-class treatment option for the management of psoriatic arthritis is apremilast; a small molecule phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor approved for use by the FDA in 2014. By inhibiting PDE4, an enzyme which breaks down cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cAMP levels rise, resulting in the down-regulation of various pro-inflammatory factors including TNF-α, interleukin 17 and interleukin 23, as well as the up-regulation of anti-inflammatory factor interleukin 10.


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: It is given in tablet form and taken by mouth. Side effects include headaches, back pain, nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, nasopharyngitis and upper respiratory tract infections, as well as depression and weight loss.


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: It was patented in 2014 and manufactured by Celgene. There is no current generic equivalent available on the market.


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: A review found tentative evidence of benefit of low level laser therapy and concluded that it could be considered for relief of pain and stiffness associated RA.


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: Retinoid etretinate is effective for both arthritis and skin lesions. Photochemotherapy with methoxy psoralen and long-wave ultraviolet light (PUVA) are used for severe skin lesions. Doctors may use joint injections with corticosteroids in cases where one joint is severely affected. In psoriatic arthritis patients with severe joint damage orthopedic surgery may be implemented to correct joint destruction, usually with the use of a joint replacement. Surgery is effective for pain alleviation, correcting joint disfigurement, and reinforcing joint usefulness and strength.


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: Seventy percent of people who develop psoriatic arthritis first show signs of psoriasis on the skin, 15 percent develop skin psoriasis and arthritis at the same time, and 15 percent develop skin psoriasis following the onset of psoriatic arthritis.


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: Psoriatic arthritis can develop in people who have any level severity of psoriatic skin disease, ranging from mild to very severe.


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: Psoriatic arthritis tends to appear about 10 years after the first signs of psoriasis. For the majority of people, this is between the ages of 30 and 55, but the disease can also affect children. The onset of psoriatic arthritis symptoms before symptoms of skin psoriasis is more common in children than adults.


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: More than 80% of patients with psoriatic arthritis will have psoriatic nail lesions characterized by nail pitting, separation of the nail from the underlying nail bed, ridging and cracking, or more extremely, loss of the nail itself (onycholysis).


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: Enthesitis is observed in 30 to 50% of patients and most commonly involves the plantar fascia and Achilles’ tendon, but it may cause pain around the patella, iliac crest, epicondyles, and supraspinatus insertions


title: Psoriatic arthritis

text: Men and women are equally affected by this condition. Like psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis is more common among Caucasians than African or Asian people.


title: Princess Märtha Louise of Norway

text: Princess Märtha Louise of Norway (born 22 September 1971) is a member of the Norwegian royal family, a businesswoman and a self-described clairvoyant.


title: Princess Märtha Louise of Norway

text: The only daughter of King Harald V and Queen Sonja, she is fourth in the line of succession to the Norwegian throne, after her younger brother Haakon, and his children, but is not a member of the royal house. Like her aunts Ragnhild and Astrid, she had no inheritance rights to the Norwegian throne at the time of her birth due to Norway's agnatic primogeniture succession. This only changed in 1990, when the Norwegian parliament adopted male-preference primogeniture succession for those born before 1990, which made her third in line at the time, after her younger brother.


title: Princess Märtha Louise of Norway

text: She is active as a private businesswoman and alternative therapist, and does not carry out official engagements on behalf of the royal house. From 2007 to 2018 she led her own alternative therapy center, commonly known in Norway as the "angel school" (), which provided training in clairvoyance and communication with angels and communication with the dead. She was married to the late writer and visual artist Ari Behn from 2002 to 2017. In May 2019 she publicly announced her romantic relationship and professional collaboration with Durek Verrett, a conspiracy theorist and self-described shaman who has served time in prison and who has been characterized by Norwegian media and other critics as a conman.


title: Princess Märtha Louise of Norway

text: As part of her withdrawal into private professional life, she lost the style "Royal Highness" in 2002; the lower style "Highness" is occasionally used informally abroad, but she does not hold a style in Norway. She has often faced criticism in Norway for her claims of being clairvoyant and for exploiting her constitutional title as princess commercially; in 2019, the royal court announced that she will no longer use the title princess in her business activities as a clairvoyant. In 2022, she relinquished her remaining royal duties to concentrate on alternative medicine.


title: Princess Märtha Louise of Norway

text: Princess Märtha Louise was born on 22 September 1971 at The National Hospital the Oslo University Hospital in Oslo, to the then Crown Prince Harald and Crown Princess Sonja. Princess Märtha Louise was named after her late grandmother and her paternal great-great grandmother. At birth, she was not in line to the throne, because until 1990, only males could inherit the Norwegian throne. She was baptized a few months after her birth. Her godparents are King Olav V of Norway, Princess Margaretha of Sweden, Count Flemming of Rosenborg, Princess Ragnhild of Norway, Dagny Haraldsen, Haakon Haraldsen, Nils Jørgen Astrup and Ilmi Riddervold.


title: Princess Märtha Louise of Norway

text: In 1973, Märtha Louise's younger brother, Haakon Magnus, was born. In 1990 the Norwegian constitution was altered, granting full cognatic primogeniture to the Norwegian throne, meaning that the eldest child, regardless of sex, takes precedence in the line of succession. This change only affects those born in 1990 or later. Females born between 1971 and 1990 (i.e. only Märtha Louise), were given succession rights, but their brothers would be before them in the line of succession, meaning that Prince Haakon still took precedence over Märtha Louise in the line of succession. After the births of her brother's two children, Ingrid Alexandra and Sverre Magnus, Märtha Louise was relegated to fourth in line.


title: Princess Märtha Louise of Norway

text: Princess Märtha Louise is a certified physiotherapist, following education in Oslo and internship in Maastricht, the Netherlands. She has not practised her profession, however, choosing instead, from her fascination in traditional Norwegian folk tales as well as a love of music, to establish her own commercial entertainment business based on giving public and televised performances reciting folk tales and singing with well-known Norwegian choirs. In December 2003, she took part in Oslo Gospel Choir's Christmas concert with a solo performance, included on the companion CD album.


title: Princess Märtha Louise of Norway

text: On 1 January 2002, Princess Märtha Louise started her own business, in order to work with more freedom from her constitutional role as a princess. She began paying income tax, and the King, after consulting her, issued a royal edict which removed Princess Märtha Louise's style of "Royal Highness" (she is conventionally accorded the lesser style "Highness" abroad, although this style has no legal standing in Norway). However, she retains her place in the line of succession, and though her activities were reduced, she still carries out some public duties on behalf of the King.


title: Princess Märtha Louise of Norway

text: After several postponements due to family births and her father's illness, during which the princess took on some representation duties, Princess Märtha Louise and her husband moved to New York City in October 2004. In 2004, her first book, a children's story about the first royal family of Norway was released – "Why Kings and Queens Don't Wear Crowns". Accompanying the book is a CD version of the Princess reading her story aloud.


title: Princess Märtha Louise of Norway

text: Princess Märtha Louise has studied physiotherapy, trained as a Rosen therapist and studied at an academy for holistic medicine. She claims she can communicate with animals and angels and started her own alternative therapy center named Astarte Education, after one of the oldest goddesses in the Middle East. Astarte Education offered a three-year course on healing, readings, and angels. The princess drew criticism in Norway after the announcement that she would start Astarte Education. The newspaper "Bergens Tidende" called for her to give up her royal titles. Norwegian state director of Health Lars E. Hanssen, Norwegian alternative medicine advocate Dr. Bernt Rognlien, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), religious historian Asbjørn Dyrendal and University of Oslo theology professor Inge Lønning all expressed misgivings about the princess's plans. Author Jan Guillou questioned the princess's mental health.


title: Princess Märtha Louise of Norway

text: On 11 August 2007, Märtha Louise defended the school on NRK, the Norwegian public service television network. In the interview, she regarded her relationship with angels as "creatures of light, which gave her a feeling of a strong presence and a strong and loving support." She responded to criticism that she should leave the Church of Norway by stating she still considered herself a Christian that was thankful the Church still had room for her.


title: Princess Märtha Louise of Norway

text: On 2 October 2007, Princess Märtha Louise became the first member of the Norwegian royal family to ever appear in a court of law as she wanted to halt sales of a book entitled "Martha's Angels", which used her photo on its cover without permission. She stated that she felt "commercially exploited" by the book's use of her photo, which she regarded as misuse of her name and picture. Film critic Pål Bang-Hansen stated that Märtha Louise was a "thief and hypocrite", claiming that she had stolen translated texts from his father's books.


title: Princess Märtha Louise of Norway

text: In 2007, the Princess was editor of the book "Prinsesse Märtha Louises eventyrlige verden, Eventyr fra jordens hjerte, Rodinia" containing 67 fairy tales from 50 countries. In 2009, she and her Astarte Education partner Elisabeth Samnøy published "Møt din skyttsengel" ("Meet your guardian angel"), followed by "Englenes hemmeligheter. Deres natur, språk og hvordan du åpner opp for dem" ("The secrets of angels: Their nature, language, and how you open up for them").


title: Princess Märtha Louise of Norway

text: Her Royal Highness Princess Märtha Louise's Fund was founded on 15 September 1972 and awards funds to projects carried out by non-governmental organizations in order to provide assistance to disabled children under the age of 16 in Norway. Princess Märtha Louise is the fund's chairperson. In 2005, the fund had assets of approximately NOK 13,285,000, and total annual allocations came to about NOK 500,000.


title: Princess Märtha Louise of Norway

text: In 2014, Princess Märtha Louise faced some criticism due to her association with British clairvoyant Lisa Williams. Williams was in Oslo on 14 September 2014, and gave a seminar for Soulspring, formerly known as the Angel School, which Princess Märtha Louise co-founded. Williams is known for her claims that she can communicate with the deceased. The Soulspring website carried the following message: "We in Soulspring do not communicate with dead souls in our work. And here is where our work is separate from Lisa's. To be completely honest, we don't see the point of contacting the dead. They passed over to the other side for a reason and should be allowed to stay there." No one representing the royal family commented.


title: Princess Märtha Louise of Norway

text: On 24 May 2002, Princess Märtha Louise married author Ari Behn (1972–2019) in Trondheim. The couple had three daughters: Maud Angelica, Leah Isadora, and Emma Tallulah – all of whom are untitled. The family lived in Islington, London and Lommedalen, Bærum. Emma Tallulah Behn is a junior member of the national equestrian team, and won a bronze medal during the Norwegian National Horse Jumping Championships in 2021.


title: Princess Märtha Louise of Norway

text: The couple divorced in 2017. In 2016, the Royal Court had announced that Märtha Louise and Behn would have joint custody of their three daughters. Ari Behn died by suicide on Christmas Day 2019.


title: Princess Märtha Louise of Norway

text: In May 2019, the princess announced that she was in a relationship with an American citizen, a self-styled shaman named Durek Verrett (born 17 November 1974). He has faced strong criticism in Norway and been characterized by Norwegian media and other critics as a conman. Together Märtha Louise and Verrett have organised seminars titled "The Princess and the Shaman," which also were widely criticised. Verrett claims to have been initiated spiritually by an American woman who calls herself "Princess Susana von Radić of Croatia". In June 2022, the princess announced that she and Verrett were engaged.


title: Princess Märtha Louise of Norway

text: On 8 November 2022, Märtha Louise announced that she will no longer have royal duties within the Norwegian royal house but will retain the title of Princess of Norway.


title: Tom Hughes (actor)

text: Tom Hughes (born 18 April 1985) is an English actor. He is best known for his roles as Prince Albert in the ITV drama "Victoria" (2016–2019) and Joe Lambe in the BBC drama "The Game" (2014), as well as The English. His films include "Cemetery Junction" (2011), "Red Joan" (2018), "The Laureate" (2021), and "Shepherd" (2021).


title: Tom Hughes (actor)

text: Hughes was born and brought up in Upton-by-Chester, Cheshire, the younger of two boys. He attended the Liverpool Everyman Youth Theatre group. He was a member of the Cheshire Youth Theatre and the Jigsaw Music Theatre Company. He graduated from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in 2008 with a Bachelor of Arts in Acting. Hughes is the former guitarist of indie band Quaintways. His father Roy is a musician.


title: Tom Hughes (actor)

text: Hughes began his career in 2009 as Dr Harry Ingrams in the BBC spin-off series "Casualty 1909" and Jonty Millingden in the ITV drama "Trinity". He made his feature film debut the following year as Chaz Jankel in the Ian Dury biopic "Sex & Drugs & Rock & Roll" and Bruce Pearson in the comedy-drama "Cemetery Junction", the latter of which earned him a BIFA nomination for Most Promising Newcomer. He also appeared in the Young Vic production of David Harrower's "Sweet Nothings" directed by Luc Bondy.


title: Tom Hughes (actor)

text: In 2011, Hughes was named one of BAFTA's 42 Brits to Watch. He played pupil barrister Nick Slade in series 1 of the BBC One legal drama "Silk", and appeared in the BBC television film "Page Eight" alongside Ralph Fiennes and Rachel Weisz. Hughes then appeared in the "Richard II" installment of the television anthology "The Hollow Crown" as Aumerle.


title: Tom Hughes (actor)

text: In 2013, he starred in the BFI/BBC film, based on the award-winning novel, "8 Minutes Idle" as the lead role Dan Thomas. He made a guest appearance as Michael Rogers in an episode of "Agatha Christie's Marple".


title: Tom Hughes (actor)

text: From 2016 to 2019, Hughes starred as Prince Albert opposite Jenna Coleman as the titular character of the ITV period drama "Victoria". He starred in the 2019 film "Red Joan" alongside Judi Dench. In 2019, it was announced Hughes would play the recurring role of Christopher Marlowe in the second series of "A Discovery of Witches."


title: Plus–minus sign

text: A version of the sign, including also the French word "ou" ("or"), was used in its mathematical meaning by Albert Girard in 1626, and the sign in its modern form was used as early as 1631, in William Oughtred's "Clavis Mathematicae".


title: Plus–minus sign

text: In mathematical formulas, the symbol may be used to indicate a symbol that may be replaced by either the plus and minus signs, or , allowing the formula to represent two values or two equations.


title: Plus–minus sign

text: For example, given the equation , one may give the solution as . This indicates that the equation has two solutions, each of which may be obtained by replacing this equation by one of the two equations or . Only one of these two replaced equations is true for any valid solution. A common use of this notation is found in the quadratic formula


title: Plus–minus sign

text: can be interpreted as a shorthand for two equations: one with on both sides of the equation, and one with on both sides. The two copies of the sign in this identity must both be replaced in the same way: it is not valid to replace one of them with and the other of them with . In contrast to the quadratic formula example, both of the equations described by this identity are simultaneously valid.


title: Plus–minus sign

text: The minus–plus sign, , is generally used in conjunction with the sign, in such expressions as , which can be interpreted as meaning or , but nor . The upper in is considered to be associated to the of (and similarly for the two lower symbols), even though there is no visual indication of the dependency.


title: Plus–minus sign

text: However, the sign is generally preferred over the sign, so if both of them appear in an equation, it is safe to assume that they are linked. On the other hand, if there are two instances of the sign in an expression, without a , it is impossible to tell from notation alone whether the intended interpretation is as two or four distinct expressions.


title: Plus–minus sign

text: The original expression can be rewritten as to avoid confusion, but cases such as the trigonometric identity are most neatly written using the "∓" sign:


title: Plus–minus sign

text: A third related usage is found in this presentation of the formula for the Taylor series of the sine function:


title: Plus–minus sign

text: Here, the plus-or-minus sign indicates that the term may be added or subtracted, in this case depending on whether is odd or even, the rule can be deduced from the first few terms. A more rigorous presentation of the same formula would multiply each term by a factor of (−1), which gives +1 when is even, and −1 when is odd. In older texts one occasionally finds (−), which means the same.


title: Plus–minus sign

text: When the standard presumption that the plus-or-minus signs all take on the same value of +1 or all −1  is not true, then the line of text that immediately follows the equation must contain a brief description of the actual connection, if any, most often of the form "“where the ‘±’ signs are independent”" or similar. If a brief, simple description is not possible, the equation must be re-written to provide clarity; e.g. by introducing variables such as , , ... and specifying a value of +1 or −1 separately for each, or some appropriate relation, like formula_7 or similar.


title: Plus–minus sign

text: The use of for an approximation is most commonly encountered in presenting the numerical value of a quantity, together with its tolerance or its statistical margin of error. For example, may be anywhere in the range from 5.5 to 5.9 inclusive. In scientific usage, it sometimes refers to a probability of being within the stated interval, usually corresponding to either 1 or 2 standard deviations (a probability of 68.3% or 95.4% in a normal distribution).


title: Plus–minus sign

text: Operations involving uncertain values should always try to preserve the uncertainty—in order to avoid propagation of error. If formula_8 any operation of the form formula_9 must return a value of the form formula_10, where is formula_11 and is range updated using interval arithmetic.


title: Plus–minus sign

text: A percentage may also be used to indicate the error margin. For example, refers to a voltage within 10% of either side of 230 V (from 207 V to 253 V inclusive). Separate values for the upper and lower bounds may also be used. For example, to indicate that a value is most likely 5.7, but may be as high as 5.9 or as low as 5.6, one may write .


title: Plus–minus sign

text: The symbols and are used in chess notation to denote an advantage for white and black, respectively. However, the more common chess notation would be to only use and . If several different symbols are used together, then the symbols and denote a clearer advantage than and . When finer evaluation is desired, three pairs of symbols are used: and for only a slight advantage; and for a significant advantage; and and for a potentially winning advantage, in each case for white or black respectively.


title: Plus–minus sign

text: The plus–minus sign resembles the Chinese characters (Radical 32) and (Radical 33), whereas the minus–plus sign resembles (Radical 51).


title: Doom (2016 video game)

text: Doom is a 2016 first-person shooter game developed by id Software and published by Bethesda Softworks. It is the first major installment in the "Doom" series since 2004's "Doom 3". Players take the role of an unnamed space marine, known as the "Doom Slayer", as he battles demonic forces from Hell that have been unleashed by the Union Aerospace Corporation within their energy-mining facility on Mars. The gameplay returns to a faster pace with more open-ended levels, closer to the first two games than the slower survival horror approach of "Doom 3". It also features environment traversal, character upgrades, and the ability to perform executions known as "glory kills".


title: Doom (2016 video game)

text: "Doom" was announced as "Doom 4" in 2008, and that version underwent an extensive development cycle with different builds and designs before the game was restarted in 2011 and revealed as simply "Doom" in 2014. It was tested by customers who pre-ordered the 2014 Bethesda game "" and also by the general public. Mick Gordon composed the music for the game, with additional music contributed by Ben F. Carney, Chris Hite, and Chad Mossholder. The game also supports an online multiplayer component and a level editor known as "SnapMap", co-developed with Certain Affinity and Escalation Studios respectively. It was released worldwide on Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One in May 2016. A port for Nintendo Switch was co-developed with Panic Button and released in November 2017, and a version for Google Stadia was released in August 2020.


title: Doom (2016 video game)

text: "Doom" was well-received by critics and players. The single-player campaign, graphics, soundtrack, and gameplay received considerable praise, with reviewers crediting the game for recapturing the spirit of the classic "Doom" games and first-person shooters of the 1990s, whereas the multiplayer mode drew the most significant criticism. It was the second best-selling video game in North America and the UK a few weeks after its release and sold over 500,000 copies for PCs within the same time period. A sequel titled "Doom Eternal" was released in March 2020.


title: Doom (2016 video game)

text: According to the game's executive producer Marty Stratton, the key principles of "Doom"s single-player mode are "badass demons, big effing guns, and moving really fast". The game allows players to perform movements such as double jumps and ledge climbs throughout levels of industrial and corporate fields of a Union Aerospace Corporation (UAC) research facility on Mars and then levels of Hell, as the combat system puts emphasis upon momentum and speed. The approach is known as "push-forward combat", which discourages players from taking cover behind obstacles or resting to regain health while playing from the Doom Slayer's perspective. Players instead collect health and armor pick-ups by killing enemies. "Glory kills" is a newly-introduced melee execution system; when enough damage has been dealt to an enemy, the game will highlight it and allow the player to perform a quick and violent melee takedown, rewarding the player with small health recovery.


title: Doom (2016 video game)

text: Fights also require the player to develop simple tactics. As the game gets harder, the player needs to better utilize the advantages of fight arenas and bonuses. They also need to decide which enemies should be prioritized and how to move around on the battlefield.


title: Doom (2016 video game)

text: The game features a large arsenal of weapons which can be collected and freely switched by players throughout the game and require no reloading. Recurring weapons of the series also make a return, including the super shotgun and BFG 9000. The BFG has a very small ammunition capacity, but is extremely powerful. Similarly, the chainsaw returns, but has been reintroduced as a special-use weapon that relies upon fuel, but can be used to instantly cut through enemies and provide a greater-than-normal drop of ammunition for the player.


title: Doom (2016 video game)

text: Many enemies also return from the original game, such as the Revenant, Demon (or Pinky), Mancubus, and Cyberdemon, with many also redesigned. "Doom"s campaign was made to be at least 13 hours long, and the "Ultra-Nightmare" difficulty level features permadeath, which causes the savegame to be lost once the player dies. The campaign also features 13 levels.


title: Doom (2016 video game)

text: Many of the levels have multiple pathways and open areas, which allow players to explore and find collectibles and secrets throughout the levels. Many of these collectibles can be used as part of "Doom"s progression system, including weapon mods, rune powers, and Praetor Suit upgrades. Weapon mods come from field drones and allow the player to unlock alternate modes of fire for many weapons, such as explosive shots and different rate and output of firepower. Each of the weapons' firing modes can be further upgraded using weapon tokens, but they can only be maxed out by completing a challenge related to that particular firing mode. Runes transport the player to a separate arena to perform a combat challenge that grants different abilities when successfully completed, such as better equipment drops from fallen enemies. Players can also upgrade their "Praetor Suit" by retrieving special tokens from dead marines and using them to improve functionality such as equipment, navigation and resistances. Other pickups include small Doomguy figurines that allow the player to view 3D models of different characters, and data files that expand on the characters and story.


title: Doom (2016 video game)

text: Additionally, each of the game's levels contains a hidden lever which opens an area extracted from a classic level in the original "Doom" or "Doom II". Finding each of these areas unlocks them, making them accessible from the game's main menu in a section called "Classic Maps".


title: Doom (2016 video game)

text: In "Doom"s multiplayer mode, several modes, such as team deathmatch and its variation "Soul Harvest", as well as Freeze Tag, Warpath (King of the Hill with a moving 'hill'), Domination, and "Clan Arena" (team last man standing with no pickups), exist within the game. Players can also use power-ups and teleporters in a multiplayer match. They can pick up a Demon Rune, one of the power-ups featured, to transform into and fight as a demon. There are four demons available initially in the game, each of which has different abilities: the Revenant, the Baron of Hell, the Mancubus, and the Prowler. At launch, the game featured nine maps.


title: Doom (2016 video game)

text: Players are granted experience points upon each match. After they have collected sufficient experience points, players can level up, by which new armor, skins, weapons, and power-ups would be unlocked for players to use. Both the player character and weapon can be customized extensively by applying new skins and colors onto them. In addition, players can receive hack modules while playing the game, which are special abilities that can only be used once after they are collected. There are over six types of modules. Scout reveals the locations of all enemies to the player for a limited time after respawning, while Vital Signs shows all enemies' health. Retribution allows players to track their last killer by revealing that player's health and location, while Power Seeker guides players to the power weapon pickup in the game. The Resupply Timer, meanwhile, shows the respawn time of the power-up items. Players can also perform taunts in the game's multiplayer.


title: Doom (2016 video game)

text: On July 19, 2017, Update 6.66 was released for "Doom"'s multiplayer. Update 6.66 features a revised progression system, all three DLC bundled into the core game, a new 'rune' system (replacing the Hack Module system) and enhanced kill notifications. To accommodate this new progression system, Update 6.66 also reset all players' multiplayer experience progression, but not without giving players the option whether to retain all unlocked items or reset them. Players who played before Update 6.66 and players who obtained the 'Slayer' level received unique medals to show their status.


title: Doom (2016 video game)

text: In all of its platforms except the Nintendo Switch, "Doom" includes a built-in level creation tool called "SnapMap" which allows players to create and edit maps with their own structure and game logic. With SnapMap, players can create maps for different modes, ranging from single-player levels to co-operative or competitive multiplayer maps. When players are building a level, the game will shift to a top-down view. Players can place rooms and hallways to form a level and connect them together. If they are not connected together, the color of the construction pieces changes to notify the player. Players can also use the X-ray camera which temporarily removes all the walls to allow players to view the objects inside. Players can also place enemies into their maps, with the exception of the campaign's bosses. Their artificial intelligence and stats, and the player's own movement speed can also be modified. Players can also add additional particle effects, lighting effects, and other gameplay items, such as health packs and ammo pick-ups. Only in-game assets can be used, and players cannot create or import their own models into the game. Levels can be tested before they are published online.


title: Doom (2016 video game)

text: For players who do not wish to create extensively, the game features an AI conductor which automatically generates enemies. Players receive "snap points" after they create a level or play a level created by other users. These points can be used to unlock additional cosmetic items. Players can share their completed maps with other players. They can vote on and even modify other players' content and share them while citing the originals' authors.


title: Doom (2016 video game)

text: "Doom" takes place during the year 2149 in a research facility located in the Hellas Planitia on Mars owned by the Union Aerospace Corporation. The facility is run by Dr. Samuel Hayden, a UAC scientist whose mind now inhabits an android body after having lost his original to brain cancer. Researchers at the UAC facility have attempted to draw energy from Hell, a newly discovered alternative dimension inhabited by demons, in order to solve an energy crisis on Earth. They accomplish this using the Argent Tower, a structure which siphons "Argent Energy" from Hell and allows travel to and from the other side. In addition to their energy harvesting work, Hayden organizes several expeditions into Hell, bringing back captive demons and artifacts for study. Among them is a sarcophagus containing the Doom Slayer (along with his armor, the Praetor Suit).


title: Doom (2016 video game)

text: The facility is overrun by demons after one of Hayden's researchers, Olivia Pierce, makes a pact with them and plots to use the Tower to open a portal to Hell. In desperation, Hayden releases the Doom Slayer from his sarcophagus to repel the demonic invasion and close the portal. The Doom Slayer recovers his Praetor Suit and fights his way through the overrun facility, guided by the self-aware AI VEGA, which controls the facility. After clearing out the facility core and preventing a meltdown, he pursues Pierce and destroys the energy induction filters, despite Hayden's objections. He tracks Pierce up the tower, where she uses an Argent accumulator to open an explosive rift into Hell, destroying the Tower and sending the Slayer back to Hell.


title: Doom (2016 video game)

text: Fighting his way to a teleporter, the Doom Slayer returns to Mars and makes his way to a tram leading to Hayden. Hayden informs the Slayer of the Helix Stone, an artifact used to study and harness Hell's Argent Energy. Entering Pierce's Lazarus Labs, he observes the Helix Stone and he learns of the Well, where the portal is powered, and of the Crucible, a magical key-like blade. He makes another excursion into Hell by activating the accumulator of a contained Cyberdemon that he defeats and fights through a labyrinthine gauntlet to recover the Crucible from a trio of Hell Guards. Arriving at VEGA's facility in the frozen north, he makes a backup copy of the AI and destroys the facility. The explosion of VEGA's core allows the Slayer to enter the Well, where he uses the Crucible to destroy the portal's power source. Finally, he confronts Pierce, who is betrayed and transformed by the demons into the monstrous Spider Mastermind. She attempts to kill the Slayer but is eventually defeated.


title: Doom (2016 video game)

text: Upon the Doom Slayer's return to Mars, Hayden confiscates the Crucible, which he plans to use in his research. Despite all that has happened, he insists that Earth is too desperate for energy to give up. To keep the Doom Slayer from interfering with his plans, Hayden teleports him to an undisclosed location, saying that they will meet again.


title: Doom (2016 video game)

text: John Carmack, co-founder of and then lead developer at id Software, indicated that "Doom 4" was in development at QuakeCon on August 3, 2007. It was announced in May 2008. Id Software CEO Todd Hollenshead suggested that like "", the game would take place on Earth. Carmack stated that it would feature gameplay more akin to the original "Doom" games rather than the survival horror gameplay of "Doom 3".


title: Doom (2016 video game)

text: In 2008, Carmack claimed that Doom 4 would look "three times better" than "Rage" even though it was intended to run at 30 frames per second on Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3, rather than the 60 that "Rage" was targeting. It was planned to run at 60 frames per second on Windows with state-of-the-art hardware. Carmack also stated that the game was running on the id Tech 5 game engine. In 2009, he revealed that the multiplayer component was being developed separately and would run at 60 frames per second. He stated in 2011 that "you can't have 30 guys crawling all over you at 60 frames per second at this graphics technology level because it's painful."


title: Doom (2016 video game)

text: In April 2009, Hollenshead said that "Doom 4" was "deep in development". Asked whether "Doom 4" would be a sequel, a reboot, or a prequel, his response was "It's not a sequel to "Doom 3", but it's not a reboot either. "Doom 3" was sort of a reboot. It's a little bit different than those." On June 23, 2009, ZeniMax Media, parent company of Bethesda Softworks, acquired id Software and announced that future id games would be published by Bethesda Softworks, including "Doom 4". Id Software creative director Tim Willits announced that key releases would be much sooner and that the partnership allowed id Software to have two teams, each having a project in parallel development, for the first time. Carmack added that, once "Rage" was complete, its development team would move to "Doom 4". "Doom 4" might also feature dedicated servers unlike "Rage".


title: Doom (2016 video game)

text: At the 2011 QuakeCon, Carmack mentioned that the new "Doom" would be using a new scripting language based on C++ and called it "super-script", a superset of C++ with features such as scheduling and type safety. At the end of 2012, the team decided to make "Doom 4" a reboot. In November 2013, Carmack left id Software to commit to his work at Oculus VR.


title: Doom (2016 video game)

text: In April 2013, Kotaku published an exposé describing "Doom 4" as trapped in "development hell". Citing connections to id, the article claimed that "Doom 4" had suffered under mismanagement and that development was completely restarted in 2011. Inside sources described the pre-2011 version—which was to portray the uprising of Hell on Earth—as heavily scripted and cinematic, comparing it to the "Call of Duty" franchise. The pre-2011 version was criticized as mediocre and the new version as "lame" and a "mess". While Hollenshead initially stated that the "Doom 4" team was doing something that fans would be happy with, id's Willits criticized the game's lack of character in QuakeCon 2013. In July 2015, Marty Stratton criticized "Doom 4"s lack of personality as id's primary reason to cancel the game, and pointed out its similarities to the "Call of Duty" franchise and that the game was not the product that id thought people wanted.


title: Doom (2016 video game)

text: In a 2016 video documentary by Noclip, "Doom" creative director Hugo Martin described the "Hell on Earth" premise as: "It was like Robert Zemeckis. See "Contact", like, if this really happened. Now let's be clear: it was awesome. But it was more realistic. It was about the global impact of a Hellish invasion." The creative director of the "Doom 4" prototype, Kevin Cloud, said in the same interview, "As far as the upper-level creative direction, that was me driving that. And honestly, again, taking it in a direction I don't think the fans would have enjoyed."