title: Dublin Airport

text: Work on the new airport began in 1937. By the end of 1939, a grass airfield surface, internal roads, car parks and electrical power and lighting were set up. The inaugural flight from Dublin took place on 19 January 1940 to Liverpool. In August 1938, work began on a new airport terminal building. The terminal building was designed by architect Desmond FitzGerald, brother of politician Garret FitzGerald. FitzGerald, who had designed an airport terminal as part of his college studies, led a team of architects that also included Kevin Barry, Daithí Hanley, Charles Aliaga Kelly, Dermot O'Toole and Harry Robson. The terminal building opened in early 1941, with its design heavily influenced by the tiered structure of the luxury ocean liners of the time. The terminal was awarded the Triennial Gold Medal of the Royal Hibernian Institute of Architects in 1942 and is today a listed building.


title: Dublin Airport

text: Due to World War II, which was known as The Emergency in Ireland, services were severely restricted at Dublin Airport until late 1945. The only international scheduled routes operated during this time were by Aer Lingus to Liverpool (and for a period to Manchester's Barton Aerodrome). The end of the war meant the beginning of a major expansion in services at the airport. Aer Lingus resumed its London service to Croydon in November 1945. In 1947, KLM started the first European flights to Dublin with a service to Amsterdam. Three new concrete runways were completed in 1948, and in 1950 - after ten years in operation - the airport had welcomed a total of 920,000 passengers.


title: Dublin Airport

text: Throughout the 1950s Dublin Airport expanded with virtually uninterrupted traffic growth. Runway extensions and terminal enhancements were carried out to deal with the influx of traffic and passengers. New airlines began serving the airport also. These included British European Airways, Sabena, and BKS.


title: Dublin Airport

text: In 1958, a new transatlantic service was started by Aer Lingus via Shannon Airport. By the mid-1950s, it was clear that the original terminal building was too small to cope with growing passenger numbers. A new North Terminal was opened in June 1959. Originally, the plan was that North Terminal would handle all US and European flights, but instead, it became the arrivals terminal for all Dublin Airport passengers, while the original passenger terminal was used for departures.


title: Dublin Airport

text: During the 1960s, the number of scheduled carriers continued to grow. By the close of the 1960s, a sizeable number of Boeing 737s, BAC One-Elevens, Boeing 707s and Hawker Siddeley Tridents were using the airport regularly. In the late 1960s new departure gate piers were added close to the old terminal to cope with larger aircraft. These piers would subsequently be connected to Terminal 1. During 1969, the airport handled 1,737,151 passengers.


title: Dublin Airport

text: The advent of wide-body aircraft posed opportunities and challenges for aviation. In 1971, Aer Lingus took delivery of two new Boeing 747 aircraft; the first one arrived in March and, shortly afterwards, performed a flyover above O'Connell Street in Dublin on Saint Patrick's Day; a third Boeing 747 was delivered later that decade. To cope with this, a new £10 million passenger terminal capable of handling six million passengers per year, which became known as Terminal 1, was opened in June 1972. The growth which was anticipated at Dublin's airport (and provided for through heavy investment by the airport and Aer Lingus) during the 1970s did not materialise immediately.


title: Dublin Airport

text: On 30 November 1975, one person was killed and eight others were injured when the airport was bombed by the Ulster Defence Association.


title: Dublin Airport

text: In 1983 Aer Lingus opened its 'Aer Lingus Commuter' division which took delivery of Shorts, Saab AB and Fokker turboprop aircraft to open regular daily domestic services to and from Ireland's smaller regional airports for the first time, as well as to serve existing routes to smaller regional airports in the United Kingdom. At various stages of its operations, flights were operated to several Irish regional airports to feed passengers into Aer Lingus's international network. These domestic destinations included Cork Airport, Shannon Airport, Kerry Airport, Galway Airport, Ireland West Airport Knock, Waterford Airport, Sligo Airport and City of Derry Airport. Aer Lingus Commuter has since been re-absorbed into the main company. The domestic routes, with the exception of Dublin-Shannon, were taken over by Aer Arann. Most of these routes have since been discontinued as the development of the motorway network in Ireland has resulted in significant reductions in travelling time by road. Aer Lingus has continued with the remaining Dublin–UK flights.


title: Dublin Airport

text: During the 1980s, major competition, especially on the Dublin–London routes, resulted in passenger numbers swelling to 5.1 million in 1989. In the same year a new runway and a state-of-the-art air traffic control centre were opened. Dublin Airport continued to expand rapidly in the 1990s. Pier A, which had been the first extension to the old terminal building, was significantly extended. A new Pier C, complete with air bridges, was built and as soon as this was completed, work commenced to extend it to double its capacity. The ground floor of the original terminal building was returned to passenger service after many years to provide additional departure gates. Pier D, completed in October 2007, is a dedicated low-fares boarding area and provides 14 quick turn-around stands and departure gates; these are not served by air bridges.


title: Dublin Airport

text: In 1993, a major milestone for the airport was the signing of a new United States – Ireland bilateral agreement which allowed airlines to operate some direct transatlantic services for the first time to/from Dublin Airport instead of touching down en route at Shannon Airport on the west coast of Ireland. (Shannon had once been a major transatlantic refuelling stop for pre-jet aircraft, and this agreement was designed to protect the interests of the Shannon region when modern jets no longer required a refuelling stop and Shannon saw a fall-off in traffic.) Airlines still had to provide an equal number of flights either to or through Shannon as to Dublin. A gradual further watering down of Shannon's so-called 'stopover' status came into effect in November 2006 when more direct flights to Dublin were allowed. The stopover requirement disappeared completely in 2008. At that time, airlines were allowed to fly direct to the US from Dublin without having to match these with any to/from Shannon. It was expected that this would result in a huge increase in services between Dublin and the US and Aer Lingus has identified 16 destinations that it would like to serve directly from Dublin.


title: Dublin Airport

text: With the success of Ireland's 'Celtic Tiger' economy, Dublin Airport saw growth in the 1990s and 2000s. This demand was driven by an increased demand for business travel to and from the country, together with an increase in inward tourism and a surge in demand for foreign holidays and city breaks from the Irish.


title: Dublin Airport

text: The demand from Ireland's migrant workers, principally those from Eastern Europe, has resulted in a large number of new routes opening to destinations in the European Union accession states. Ireland was one of only three European Union countries (as well as the United Kingdom and Sweden) to open its borders freely to workers from the ten accession states that joined the European Union in 2004.


title: Dublin Airport

text: In 2007 the then shortest runway, 11/29, was closed and converted to an aircraft storage area. This runway would subsequently be demolished for the construction of a second long runway parallel to 10/28.


title: Dublin Airport

text: The airport saw significant declines in traffic in 2009 and 2010, although since 2011 the airport has seen an increase in traffic. During 2012, this increase continued with passenger numbers growing by 1.9%. During 2013, passenger numbers at Dublin Airport were above the 20 million mark for the first time since 2009 with a 5.6% increase year on year. During 2014, this positive trend continued with an 8% increase over 2013. As of early December 2015, passenger figures have increased by 16% compared to 2014, and the previous record of 23.46 million passengers set in 2008 has already been passed. 2019 was the airport's busiest year, recording 32.9 million passengers - an increase in passenger numbers by 4% during the year. Long-haul passenger numbers increased by 4% to almost 5.2 million, while Short-haul traffic increased by 5% to 27.7 million.


title: Dublin Airport

text: In August 2019, Dublin Airport was chosen for the Special Achievement in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) award for its use of mapping software from ESRI Ireland.


title: Dublin Airport

text: Due to the pandemic and its impact, the airport lost 115 routes, as in January 2021, it scheduled flights to just 85 cities, down from 200 before the crisis began.


title: Dublin Airport

text: As of August 2019, there are services to 31 intercontinental destinations from Dublin Airport (not including Anatolia). In 2007, Etihad Airways began operating between Dublin Airport and Abu Dhabi, and increased its capacity to 14 weekly flights in March 2010. In addition, Emirates has served Dublin from Dubai since January 2012. A total of 22 cities in North America are connected directly to Dublin Airport by seven airlines. In 2015, Ethiopian Airlines began serving Dublin from Addis Ababa, thus inaugurating the first direct air link between Ireland and Sub-Saharan Africa.


title: Dublin Airport

text: The Government of Ireland, owner of Dublin Airport, and the Dublin Airport Authority, its operator, have long sought to connect Dublin with East Asia by direct air service. Their plans were realized in 2018 when Cathay Pacific launched 4 weekly direct flights between Dublin and Hong Kong. This was followed by services to Beijing-Capital (via Edinburgh) and Shenzhen (nonstop), launched by Hainan Airlines in June 2018 and January 2019, respectively. In August 2019, however, Hainan Airlines withdrew from Dublin entirely. In September, due to the ongoing political unrest in Hong Kong, Cathay Pacific restricted its previously year-round Hong Kong route to the summer season only.


title: Dublin Airport

text: In the mid twentieth century, the Irish government introduced a rule stating that all air traffic between Ireland and the United States must transit through Shannon Airport. In return, the United States government placed a limit of four airports in the US that Aer Lingus could operate to. On 22 March 2007, the Open skies agreement between the US and EU was ratified. This resulted in the immediate cancellation of the long-running 'Shannon Stopover' requirement, whereby the Irish government had insisted that 50% of all transatlantic flights between Ireland and the United States must pass through Shannon Airport.


title: Dublin Airport

text: Dublin Airport is one of only two airports in Europe, and three outside the Americas, with United States border preclearance services for US-bound passengers (the other airports are Ireland's Shannon Airport and Abu Dhabi International Airport in the United Arab Emirates). Those traveling on nonstop flights to the United States complete immigration and customs procedures in Dublin prior to their departure, and are treated as domestic passengers on arrival.


title: Dublin Airport

text: In October 2004, Aer Rianta (which is the Irish for 'Air Ways' or 'Air Tracks') was renamed Dublin Airport Authority plc, a result of the State Airports Act 2004. All assets and liabilities previously owned by Aer Rianta were transferred to Dublin Airport Authority. The State Airports Act 2004 also established new airport authorities at Shannon and Cork Airports. The Shannon Airport Authority and the Cork Airport Authority had separate boards of directors and were authorised under the Act to prepare business plans, which may have in time lead to their full separation from the Dublin Airport Authority. Following a decision by the Irish Government, Shannon Airport became a separate publicly owned airport on 31 December 2012.


title: Dublin Airport

text: In July 2013, the Dublin Airport Authority was officially renamed ""DAA plc"" by the Irish Government. The rename was principally to remove the "Dublin" and "Authority" elements of the name which were seen to have little relevance to the overall functions of DAA. The name change announced in July 2013 took effect on 6 November 2014.


title: Dublin Airport

text: As the largest gateway to Ireland, over 25 million passengers travelled through the airport in 2015, a 15% increase over the previous year. The main contributors to the growth in traffic in 2015 were the 23 new routes launched during the year and extra capacity on 40 existing services. Both long-haul and short-haul traffic increased by 15% in 2015. A record 8.9 million people travelled between Dublin Airport and Britain during 2015, which was a 14% increase on the previous year. Dublin Airport also welcomes more than one million passengers per annum from Northern Ireland and is a key international gateway for overseas visitors to Northern Ireland, whose largest airport is less than a quarter the size of Dublin in terms of passenger numbers.


title: Dublin Airport

text: The current Terminal 1 building opened in 1972 was designed to handle five million passengers per year. The original design included a second pier which would have been identical to the current decagon-shaped boarding Pier B, but this was never built. A car park was originally located on the upper floor of the building and the access ramps are still in place but it was closed for security reasons in the 1970s and converted into offices. Terminal 1 has been regularly extended and improved over the last two decades. In October 2007, a new pier designed by Larry Oltmanns, while design director of the London office of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, who also designed graphics for its interior, was opened to the north of Terminal 1. This pier caters for the majority of Ryanair flights. In 2009, a new extension featuring new food and retail outlets was added to the side of Terminal 1. Terminal 1 is currently home to all airlines except Aer Lingus, American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Emirates and United Airlines.


title: Dublin Airport

text: Terminal 2 is a 75,000 m (810,000 sq ft) terminal and pier (Pier E) which provides aircraft parking for 27 narrow body aircraft through 25 departure gates and 16 immigration desks which can handle up to 15 million passengers annually. The project was designed by Pascall+Watson architects and the total cost was €600 million. Aer Lingus is the main carrier operating at Terminal 2 and since its opening have developed a hub at Dublin primarily for traffic traveling between Europe and the United States. Terminal 2 is now the transatlantic gateway for flights to the United States as it features a US pre-clearance immigration facility which was previously housed in Terminal 1.


title: Dublin Airport

text: Construction of Terminal 2 began on 1 October 2007, and it was officially opened on 19 November 2010 by the then Taoiseach Brian Cowen T.D. The intended purpose of Terminal 2 was to house all long-haul carriers in addition to Aer Lingus; however significant growth in US traffic has resulted in most long haul carriers flying outside the United States remaining in Terminal 1. During the design of Terminal 2 provisions were made for an expanded check in hall and additional pier (Pier F) to cater for future growth. Terminal 2 also contains the United States immigration pre-clearance facility. Currently Aer Lingus, American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Emirates and United Airlines operate from Terminal 2.


title: Dublin Airport

text: DAA has its own branch of the Airport Police Service which is mandated to provide aviation and general policing at the airport. The Airport Police Station is centrally located on the Arrivals road between Terminals 1 and 2. The airport also has its own Airport Fire and Rescue Service which provides cover to the entire campus, its roadways and lands.


title: Dublin Airport

text: The Office of the Revenue Commissioners provide a customs service to both passenger and cargo terminals, while the Department of Agriculture also has a presence in the airport. Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service provides an Immigration service for all international passengers arriving at the airport. The Gardaí also have a small sub-station located beside the old terminal.


title: Dublin Airport

text: In 2016 it was confirmed that Garda Armed Support Units (ASU) would be deployed overtly to patrol Dublin Airport and Dublin Port full-time on foot inside terminal buildings and via vehicles outside and surrounding the perimeter to counter the rising threat of terrorist attacks in Europe. The decision was made as a direct result of the 2016 Brussels bombings in Belgium.


title: Dublin Airport

text: Aer Lingus, Ryanair, CityJet, Eirtech and Dublin Aerospace have aircraft maintenance hangars and facilities at Dublin Airport.


title: Dublin Airport

text: There is a Catholic Church, "Our Lady Queen of Heaven" operating at the Airport, which was built in 1964.


title: Dublin Airport

text: The construction of a new control complex was required, as the location, height and visibility of the existing tower would be inadequate to operate the planned 10L/28R Runway.


title: Dublin Airport

text: The new complex opened on 15 June 2022. At nearly 87 metres high, it is the tallest inhabited structure in Ireland. It has space for twelve operators as opposed to the five of the previous tower and a 360 degree view of the Airport and its surroundings. The new complex will be ideal for simultaneous operation of 10R/28L and 10L/28R.


title: Dublin Airport

text: After a delay of several years due to the global financial crisis and predictions of falling consumer demand, it was announced in April 2016 that a new runway would start construction in 2017 and to be completed by 2021.


title: Dublin Airport

text: On 8 October 2020, the existing runway 10/28 was redesignated as 10R/28L in anticipation of the new runway becoming 10L/28R.


title: Dublin Airport

text: The new runway measuring opened on 24th August 2022 parallel to the existing runway 10R/28L, which opened (as runway 10/28) in 1989. Planning permission for the runway was originally granted in August 2007, with 31 planning conditions attached. The new runway runs parallel to the north of runway 10R/28L and allows the airport to accommodate 30 million passengers annually, at a length of . In March 2009 the DAA announced in a proposal for consultation that the new runway may be built to a length of following consultation with potential long-haul carriers. A runway of this length would allow direct flights from Dublin to the Far East. The runway cost in the region of €320 million. The airport also has invested heavily in extending aprons and creating rapid exit taxiways to derive maximum efficiency from the existing main runway. Runway 16/34 is most often used in the evening, depending on airport construction. In the day, 16/34 is generally used as a taxiway for aircraft utilizing runway 10R/28L. The first flight on the new runway was Ryanair flight FR1964 to Eindhoven at 11:00 UTC on 24 August 2022.


title: Dublin Airport

text: Passenger numbers at Dublin Airport increased every year during the 10 years between 1998 and 2008, from around 11.6 million to over 23.4 million. Passenger numbers fell however during the subsequent two years to around 18.4 million in 2010, with a small increase to 18.7 million in 2011 and 19.1 million in 2012, then 2013 saw a significant increase of 5.6% to 20.2 million. In 2014, passenger numbers increased by almost 8% to over 21.7 million. Traffic growth of over 15% during 2015 resulted in passenger numbers exceeding 25 million for the first time. The previous record of 23.46 million (set in 2008) was exceeded during the first week of December 2015.


title: Dublin Airport

text: Dublin Airport is located just off the M1 and the M50 north from the city centre and south of the town of Swords. There is no rail link to Dublin city centre, and the public transport options to the city are taxis, buses and private transport.


title: Dublin Airport

text: Dublin Airport is served by a large network of bus and coach routes, serving both the wider Dublin area and the rest of Ireland. More than 700 buses a day service Dublin Airport. In addition, Dublin Bus and Go-Ahead Ireland run local stopping services that serve such residential areas as Santry, Swords, Rathfarnham, Ballinteer, Sutton, Malahide, Beaumont, Harold's Cross, Drumcondra, Balbriggan, Skerries, Rush and Portmarnock, with routes 16, 33A, 41 and 102.


title: Dublin Airport

text: Aircoach offers a number of coach services from the Airport to the Dublin area, serving both the city centre and surrounding areas including Leopardstown, Sandyford, Bray and Dún Laoghaire.


title: Dublin Airport

text: Dublin Express runs non-stop coach services to the city centre via the Port Tunnel, offering interchange with the rail network at Tara Street station as well as serving other city centre destinations such as Heuston Station the main railway station connecting to Cork, Waterford, Limerick and Galway etc.


title: Dublin Airport

text: Expressway has 18 routes from Dublin Airport to places such as Waterford (X4), Drogheda (101/100X) and Dundalk (100X). Ulsterbus Goldline offer cross-border bus services, namely X1/X2 to Belfast. Translink solely operate services X3/X4 to Derry via either Monaghan and Omagh, or Armagh and Cookstown respectively.


title: Dublin Airport

text: Aircoach runs longer distance services to Cork City, Belfast, Athlone and Galway, whilst Citylink and Gobus offer services to Galway, Éirebus and JJ Kavanagh operate regular services to Limerick, Kilkenny and Waterford. Wexfordbus connects the airport with Wexford, and John McGinley Coaches also connects the airport with Donegal ending in Annagry.


title: Dublin Airport

text: There is no direct rail connection to Dublin Airport. However, "Iarnród Éireann" (Irish Rail) provide suburban and intercity railway services from Dublin Connolly and Dublin Heuston railway stations, and there are regular bus services from both stations to the airport. Some city bus services serve Drumcondra suburban railway station, which is on the Connolly to Maynooth railway line while the 102 route connects Dublin Airport to Sutton DART station. Bus services to Busáras/Dublin Connolly and Dublin Heuston railway stations connect with the Luas Red Line.


title: Dublin Airport

text: For many years, it was expected that Iarnród Éireann would extend the Dublin Area Rapid Transit (DART) to serve the airport. These plans were replaced with a proposal for an underground metro line, which would run from the city centre to Swords via the airport. The route for the line, Metro North, was announced in October 2006 and was proposed to connect with several other modes of transport. In 2011, it was announced that the Metro North plan would be deferred due to a lack of funding. As of March 2018, an updated plan suggested that the Metro line might "be open to the public from 2027" but that the details, line, route and timelines were all "subject to change as the final designs haven't been confirmed".


title: The Brokenwood Mysteries

text: The Brokenwood Mysteries is a New Zealand television detective drama series that premiered on Prime in 2014. Each of the first six series comprises four distinct episodes. Series 7 began streaming on 29 March 2021 on Acorn TV, comprises six episodes. The programme is set in the fictitious New Zealand town of Brokenwood and is filmed in the greater Auckland region. Tim Balme conceived the series and is lead writer with Philip Dalkin, James Griffin, and Greg McGee.


title: The Brokenwood Mysteries

text: The cast includes Neill Rea as Detective Senior Sergeant Mike Shepherd, Fern Sutherland as Detective Kristin Sims, Nic Sampson as Detective Constable Sam Breen, Cristina Ionda as Dr. Gina Kadinsky, medical examiner, and Pana Hema Taylor as Jared Morehu, Shepherd's Māori neighbour.


title: The Brokenwood Mysteries

text: On 27 February 2022, via Twitter, the production company, South Pacific Pictures, announced that the eighth series had completed production. Acorn TV has announced that Series 8 will start airing from 1 July 2022, with Episode 1 entitled "From the Cradle to the Grave".


title: The Brokenwood Mysteries

text: Detective Inspector Mike Shepherd is sent from Auckland to Brokenwood to investigate a local police officer. With a possible murder investigation underway that might link the two, Shepherd takes charge. After the investigation, Shepherd reassesses his life and decides to stay on indefinitely, even though it means a demotion to Detective Senior Sergeant. Brokenwood is a seemingly quiet country town where Shepherd, who has an unconventional approach to police work, is assisted by local Detective Kristin Sims, who is precise and efficient at her job, to solve murders. As the series progresses, the working relationship between the two moves from rocky to functional as they begin to appreciate each other's talents.


title: The Brokenwood Mysteries

text: The fictional town of Brokenwood has a population of about 5000 and is located some from the coast. It is in a farming area, with crops ranging from wheat to local wine, and the surrounding area is home to many people who have escaped city life (from retirees to alternative lifestylers). Though the exact location of Brokenwood is not stated, it was largely written and filmed in small towns immediately to the north of Auckland. The real-life town of Warkworth doubles as Brokenwood, and the Brokenwood Police Station is a 1911 building that was the Helensville Post Office. In "Sour Grapes", Shepherd and Sims are seen travelling into Auckland across the Auckland Harbour Bridge, which would confirm that Brokenwood is also located to the north of the city. In the same episode, it is mentioned that it takes two and a half hours by road to get from Brokenwood to Auckland. This would put Brokenwood considerably farther north than either Warkworth or Helensville. A map on the police station wall covers much of Whangarei District, from southern Bream Bay north to Matapouri, and another map shown in "Catch of the Day" locates Brokenwood close to the settlement of Whangarei Heads, at the northern end of Bream Bay.


title: The Brokenwood Mysteries

text: Several well-known New Zealand actors have appeared in episodes of "The Brokenwood Mysteries", among them:


title: The Brokenwood Mysteries

text: Nic Sampson, the actor who played Breen, left the show to move back to the United Kingdom. His character was replaced by D.C. Chalmers (played by Jarod Rawiri). who was introduced in series 7 episode 2.


title: The Brokenwood Mysteries

text: Critical response to the series has been mixed, with many reviewers impressed by the plots but lamenting the occasionally hokey dialogue. The two-hour length (broadcast length with ads) of episodes has also been mentioned by some as too long for such a series.


title: The Brokenwood Mysteries

text: Writing in the "New Zealand Herald", critic Colin Hogg panned the series, stating that it was "a local version aiming at that grand TV detective tradition" but that its "Dialogue is clichéd, the acting aches and the locations are boring." International television website "The Medium is Not Enough" was also generally negative in its review, describing the series as a "genteel, New Zealand drama designed to appeal to perhaps an older demographic that likes comfortable murder-mysteries and to New Zealanders eager to watch anything that’s actually set in New Zealand and stars New Zealanders."


title: The Brokenwood Mysteries

text: Christine Tidball, writing for the entertainment website "Cheese on Toast" was kinder, rating the series "charming, without being cloying, very well-written (thanks to Tim Balme) and funny, but not too funny [...] It’s also engaging, full of twists, and will keep you guessing right till the end."


title: The Brokenwood Mysteries

text: As the series has progressed, reviews have become more positive. DVD review website "High Def Standard" described the first series as "uniquely thrilling TV" and "a New Zealand "Midsomer Murders" that isn’t afraid to venture off into "Twin Peaks" territory every now and again." The "Manawatu Standard"'s Malcolm Hopwood enjoyed the series but lamented episode length: "The Brokenwood Mysteries (Prime Sundays) is like our TPP negotiations. They are long, energy-sapping but satisfying if you're still awake after two hours." He added that the series was "intriguing, confusing and exhausting", and that it "deserves our support but it needs to be recorded and watched in small chunks." Michael Reuben, writing for "blu-ray.com", rated series one at 4 stars out of 5.


title: The Brokenwood Mysteries

text: "The Brokenwood Mysteries" received a bronze world medal at the New York Festival's International Television and Film Awards in 2014.


title: The Brokenwood Mysteries

text: "The Brokenwood Mysteries" received a silver world medal at the New York Festival's International Television and Film Awards in 2018.


title: The Brokenwood Mysteries

text: Shepherd's car is a 1971 Holden Kingswood (HG series). It has a cassette player for his country music cassettes.


title: The Brokenwood Mysteries

text: Brokenwood Mysteries showcases New Zealand's own country and alternative rock music. In the first season, Shepherd is introduced as a fan of country and western music, sharing the music with Sims while driving around in his car. The music he listens to and the background music of the show are all New Zealand performers. Season two, which climaxed with the death of country singer Holly Collins, was scored by Canadian-born Kiwi-based Tami Neilson and her brother Jay Neilson. Three volumes of soundtracks covering season 1, 2, and 6 of the show have been released digitally on Apple Music, Amazon and Spotify.


title: The Brokenwood Mysteries

text: New Zealand musicians exhibited on Brokenwood include Tami Neilson, Mel Parsons, Delaney Davidson, Barry Saunders, the Harbour Union, Barnaby Weir of the Black Seeds, the Unfaithful Way, and Jenny Mitchell. Other singers are Marlon Williams, the Warratahs, Bannerman, the Desotos, Aldous Harding, Jackie Bristow, The Fables, Ghost Town, Reb Fountain, The Eastern, and Esther Stephens.


title: Project Zomboid

text: Project Zomboid is an open-world isometric survival horror video game in development by British and Canadian independent developer The Indie Stone. The game is set in the post-apocalyptic, zombie-infested exclusion zone of the fictional Knox Country, Kentucky, where the player is challenged to survive for as long as possible before inevitably dying. It was one of the first five games released on the alpha funding section of the gaming portal Desura.


title: Project Zomboid

text: In 2011, The Indie Stone were subject to a high-profile setback within the indie gaming community following the theft of two laptops containing the game's code. Since then, "Project Zomboid" has appeared on Steam Early Access and continues development to this day. "Project Zomboid" is The Indie Stone's first commercially released game. The latest stable release is Build 41, released in December 2021, which includes animation and combat overhauls, new audio and music, the city of Louisville, KY, and revamped multiplayer by General Arcade. "Project Zomboid" is set in 1993, with the game starting by default on July 9; however, the start date and time can be changed in the game settings.


title: Project Zomboid

text: In "Project Zomboid", the player aims to survive for as long as possible in an apocalyptic and zombie-ridden area around the city of Louisville, Kentucky - referred to as 'Knox Country' - which has been quarantined by the government. The player can choose their character's appearance, occupation, and traits before selecting to spawn within one of four starting towns, the type of trait that is chosen also will influence where exactly the character will spawn (e.g. a firefighter has a higher chance of spawning in a fire station if the chosen town has one). On top of avoiding zombies, the player has to manage their personal needs (such as hunger, stress, fatigue, and boredom) to stay alive through resting, scavenging for supplies, and using survivalist techniques. The player can level skills through activities and reading skill books and magazines. The game uses the traditional Romero style slow-moving zombies, though certain zombies are faster than others, and sandbox mode includes a setting for "28 Days Later"-style "sprinter" zombies.


title: Project Zomboid

text: The game features a variety of preset difficulty modes, along with a sandbox mode, which allows the player to customize their game's settings such as zombie population, virus transmissibility, and the rarity of loot.


title: Project Zomboid

text: 'Knox Country' - the playable region in "Project Zomboid" - heavily bases its locale on the Louisville metropolitan area. The towns of Muldraugh, West Point, and Louisville are loosely replicated in the game world alongside other fictional locations, such as Riverside. The world becomes more desolate and decrepit as time progresses, with water and power grids being shut off within a month, followed by the erosion and overgrowth of the region's structures. Additionally, the game features a set of fixed 'challenge' scenarios, some of which are set on separate, smaller maps and/or feature unique gameplay elements, like an endless winter storm or a zombie horde which tracks the player after one in-game day.


title: Project Zomboid

text: The modding community are also very active in this game, further allowing for customization of gameplay. The mods range from minor, quality of life changes such as a visible stamina, hunger and water bars, to complete overhauls of mechanics and gameplay. These mods can be found in the Steam Community Workshop. The community for this game also actively update the wiki for players to help understand the game.


title: Project Zomboid

text: According to the developers, the game has been something they "always wanted to make" and their "dream game" although they felt that they would be unable to due to time commitments. This changed after the success of Minecraft, which showed them "another way to develop a game" that would produce quicker result. According to the team, the main inspiration for the game were zombie movies as opposed to zombie video games.


title: Project Zomboid

text: The game was first released on April 25, 2011 as a tech demo. It is written in Java for its portability, using LWJGL.


title: Project Zomboid

text: In June 2011, soon after the game's release as a paid pre-alpha tech demo, the game was leaked, and unauthorized copies spread to many other websites. The unauthorized version of the game enabled downloading from the "Project Zomboid"s servers with the press of an 'update now' button, regardless of whether the user already had the latest version. In order to avoid paying for these downloads, The Indie Stone took the customer-only paid version offline, and instead, released a free "public tech-demo" for download the next day.


title: Project Zomboid

text: On October 15, 2011, the flat of two of the developers was broken into, and laptops containing large amounts of the game code, which had not been backed up externally, were stolen. This resulted in severe delays to the game development. Due to this setback, they gave a presentation at Rezzed entitled "How (not) to make a video game", going over some of the lessons they have learned since starting the project.


title: Project Zomboid

text: As of November 8, 2013, "Project Zomboid" was released on Steam's Early Access. In February 2014 the Indie Stone released a multiplayer version of the game publicly for the first time. Following this release, the game has been actively updated over time, with numerous overhauls to the gameplay and sound, as well as a removal and subsequent reintegration, of multiplayer. The game is now in a "fully released" version, but news features additions and bug removals still happen regularly. The developers also actively communicate with the players, releasing blog posts every two weeks, on Thursdays, known as Thursdoids. These can be about updates, servers, changes or removal of bugs in the next build or mod showcases.


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: Jean-Luc Picard is a fictional character in the "Star Trek" franchise, most often seen as the captain of the Federation starship . Played by Patrick Stewart, Picard has appeared in the television series "" ("TNG") and two episodes of "", as well as the feature films "Star Trek Generations" (1994), "" (1996), "" (1998), and "" (2002). He is also featured as the central character in the show "" (2020–present).


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: After the success of the contemporary "Star Trek" feature films, a new "Star Trek" television series featuring a new cast was announced on October 10, 1986. "Star Trek" creator Gene Roddenberry named Picard for (one or both of) the twin brothers Auguste Piccard and Jean Piccard, 20th-century Swiss scientists.


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: Patrick Stewart, who has a background of theatre at the Royal Shakespeare Company, was initially considered for the role of Data. Roddenberry did not want to cast Stewart as Picard, since he had envisioned an actor who was "masculine, virile, and had a lot of hair". Roddenberry's first choice was Stephen Macht, and it took "weeks of discussion" with Robert H. Justman, Rick Berman, and the casting director to convince him that "Stewart was the one they had been looking for to sit in the captain's chair"; Roddenberry agreed after auditioning every other candidate for the role. The other actors considered included Yaphet Kotto, Patrick Bauchau, Roy Thinnes and Mitchell Ryan.


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: Stewart was uncertain why the producers would cast "a middle-aged bald English Shakespearean actor" as captain of the "Enterprise". He had his toupee delivered from London to meet with Paramount executives, but Roddenberry ordered Stewart to remove the "awful looking" hairpiece. Stewart's stentorian voice impressed the executives, who immediately approved the casting. Roddenberry sent Stewart C. S. Forester's Horatio Hornblower novels, saying the Picard character was based on Hornblower, but Stewart was already familiar with the character, having read the books as a teenager.


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: As the series progressed, Stewart exercised more control over the character's development. By the time production began on the first "Next Generation" film, "it was impossible to tell where Jean-Luc started and Patrick Stewart ended", and by the fourth film, Stewart stated:


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: Stewart also stated, "One of the delights of having done this series and played this role is that people are so attracted to the whole idea of "Star Trek"... several years after the series has ended... I enjoy hearing how much people enjoyed the work we did... It's always gratifying to me that this bald, middle-aged Englishman seems to connect with them". Stewart has commented that his role has helped open up Shakespeare to science fiction fans. He has noted the "regular presence of Trekkies in the audience" whenever he plays theater, and added: "I meet these people afterwards, I get letters from them and see them at the stage door... And they say, 'I've never seen Shakespeare before, I didn't think I'd understand it, but it was wonderful and I can't wait to come back.'"


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: A new "Star Trek" series was announced by CBS All Access, Alex Kurtzman and Patrick Stewart in July 2018 and released on January 23, 2020 under the title "," in which Stewart reprises his role as Picard.


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: Jean-Luc Picard was introduced on television in 1987, in the debut episode "Encounter at Farpoint" of "". In this science fiction television show, he is the captain of a crewed spacecraft of the fictional organization Starfleet as it visits various exoplanets and aliens. It is set in the late 24th century, and Picard must balance the challenges of people and technology. As a character in the "Star Trek" franchise, Picard appears in various books, comics, computer games, and films throughout the 1990s and a variety of merchandise. He is portrayed as being deeply moved by a desire to explore the universe and with a strong sense of duty; however, he has misgivings about not having a family and difficulty interacting with children. The close-knit crew of the "Enterprise" provides his main friendships as they take on the Galaxy. Some of his interests, as presented by the show, include space exploration, Shakespeare, and archaeology.


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: Notable episodes featuring the Jean-Luc Picard character include "Best of Both Worlds" (Parts I and II), "Yesterday's Enterprise", "Family", "All Good Things...", and "The Inner Light". Actor Patrick Stewart noted of the character "During these past years, it has been humbling to hear many stories about how "The Next Generation" brought people comfort, saw them through difficult periods in their lives or how the example of Jean-Luc inspired so many to follow in his footsteps, pursuing science, exploration and leadership..."


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: Jean-Luc Picard was born to Maurice and Yvette Picard in La Barre, France, on 13 July 2305. As a child, he dreamed of joining Starfleet. He and the rest of his family speak English, with UK English dialects—the French language having become obscure by the 24th century, as mentioned in the "Next Generation" episode "". In the first season of "The Next Generation", Picard was depicted as having a special pride in being French, though this was dropped by the second season. Picard also has a number of British habits, including the regular consumption of Earl Grey tea, a fondness for Shakespeare (which he performs in holodeck simulations), riding horses with English tack and a knowledge of such British songs with Royal Navy associations as "A British Tar" (Gilbert and Sullivan) and "Heart of Oak". The young Picard failed his first Starfleet Academy entrance exam and, upon admission, met with numerous ethical and scholastic difficulties during his cadet career, but went on to flourish, developing a lifelong passion for archaeology, and he became the first freshman to win the Academy marathon. Shortly after graduation, Picard was stabbed in the heart by a Nausicaan, leaving the organ irreparable and requiring replacement with a parthenogenetic implant; this proved near-fatal . Ensign Picard's first posting was on the USS "Reliant", later serving as first officer aboard the USS "Stargazer", which he later commanded. During that time, he performed a warp-speed battle tactic that would become known as the Picard Maneuver.


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: Depicted as deeply moral, highly logical, and intelligent, Picard is a master of diplomacy and debate who resolves seemingly intractable issues between multiple, sometimes implacable parties with a Solomon-like wisdom. Though such resolutions are usually peaceful, Picard is also shown using his remarkable tactical cunning in situations when it is required. Picard has a fondness for detective stories, Shakespearean drama, and archeology. His catchphrases are "Make it so" and "Engage", but also "Tea, Earl grey, hot" when ordering from the computer's replicator.


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: "Star Trek: The Next Generation" depicts Picard's command of the USS "Enterprise" (NCC-1701-D). The pilot episode shows the ship's mission to investigate a problem at Farpoint Station, which becomes sidetracked when an entity known as Q makes Picard "representative" in a trial charging humanity with being a "dangerously savage child-race". Picard persuades Q to test humanity, and Q chooses as the test's first stage the crew's performance at Farpoint. The trial "ends" seven years later (though Q reminds Picard that the trial never ends), in the , when humanity is absolved by Picard's demonstration that the species has the capacity to explore the "possibilities of existence".


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: The third-season finale, "", depicts Picard being assimilated by the Borg to serve as a bridge between humanity and the Borg (renamed Locutus of Borg); Picard's assimilation and recovery are a critical point in the character's development, and provided backstory for the film "" and the development of Benjamin Sisko, the protagonist of "" in the series premiere "." Stewart asked Roddenberry to keep Picard a Borg for a few more episodes beyond the third-season finale, as he thought that would be more interesting than simply restoring Picard in Part II. It is later revealed in "First Contact" that parts of Borg machinery were removed from inside Picard, but that he retains traumatic memories and lingering neurological aftereffects of assimilation (which become a pivotal plot twist in "Star Trek: First Contact").


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: The fourth-season episode "" reveals that Picard has a brother, Robert, who took charge of the family vineyards in La Barre after Picard joined Starfleet. Robert and his wife have a young son, René. In the film "Star Trek Generations", Picard is devastated to learn that Robert and René have both died in a fire, and worse, the loss makes him the last of the Picard family.


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: TNG Season 5 episode, featured Picard trapped in another life in the Hugo Award winning "". The episode has a scene where Picard plays an alien flute, which was critically acclaimed as one of the best scenes in the series. When the flute went to auction in 2006, it was suggested it could be acquired for (), but it went for $48,000 ().


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: Picard made his final appearance in "Star Trek: The Next Generation" on television with "All Good Things...", which was watched by over 30 million viewers.


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: Picard joins forces with the 23rd-century "Enterprise" captain James T. Kirk in "Star Trek Generations" to fight the film's villain Dr. Tolian Soran. Commanding the new USS "Enterprise"-E (after the "Enterprise"-D is destroyed in "Generations"), Picard again confronts the Borg in "." Later, he defends the Prime Directive and fights the forced relocation of the Ba'ku in "", and encounters Shinzon, a Romulan-made clone of himself, in "".


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: The follow-up series "" is set at the close of the 24th century. A now-retired Admiral Picard lives with Romulan servants in solitude on Château Picard, the Picard vineyard estate in La Barre, France (filmed at the Sunstone winery in Santa Ynez Valley, California). His retirement was brought upon by his failure to save the Romulans from the Hobus supernova depicted in "Star Trek" (the 2009 film). A mysterious woman, Dahj Asha, comes to his estate seeking sanctuary, and Picard learns that she may be a Soong-type android, created from Data's remains. Androids had been made illegal in the wake of their rebellion on Mars, which directly led to the failure of the Romulan rescue attempt.


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: Soon, Picard is drawn into a conspiracy to suppress all synthetic life, which involves the remnants of the Tal Shiar. Picard, accompanied by a rag-tag crew on "La Sirena", works to subvert this conspiracy. At the end of season one, Picard's human form expires on Coppelius due to a pre-existing medical condition, and he encounters Data's consciousness, still alive in a simulated matrix. Data pleads for Picard to finally let him die, as he considers the finiteness of life to be a defining human characteristic. Data informs Picard that scientists "were able to scan, map and transfer a complete neural image of your brain's substrates" into a synthetic body, specifically configured to only give him the lifespan he would have lived if he did not have his previous disease. Picard obliges Data's request, staying by him in the simulated matrix as Data dies. Picard then continues exploring space in his new body, on "La Sirena".


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: In novels by Pocket Books, Picard has married Beverly Crusher, and they have a son named René Jacques Robert François Picard. Jean-Luc also corresponds regularly with Marie, his sister-in-law, who still maintains the family vineyards. Picard remained captain of the "Enterprise"-E until 2387, when the events of "Star Trek: Coda" see the First Splinter – the timeline depicted in the novels – erased in order to protect the prime universe from the Temporal Apocalypse, a devastating wave of temporal energy that threatened to destroy the multiverse.


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: In the comics miniseries "Star Trek: Countdown", a prequel to the "Star Trek" reboot (2009), Picard is depicted as having retired from Starfleet and become Federation Ambassador to Vulcan. In 2387, he works with Data, the new commanding officer of the "Enterprise"-E, Ambassador Spock, and the Romulan miner Nero to save the Romulan Star Empire from a cataclysmic supernova. He is present aboard the "Enterprise" as it confronts Nero, who has gone mad and begun killing non-Romulans after they fail to save Romulus. The "Enterprise" arrives too late to aid Ambassador Spock against Nero, believing both Spock and Nero to have been consumed by the artificial black hole that Spock created.


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: The PC video game "" (1999) includes voice acting by Brent Spiner as Data and Patrick Stewart as Captain Picard, with the plot a follow-up from the ninth "Star Trek" film "" (1998) which also starred both actor-character combinations. Patrick Stewart also voiced Picard and Locutus for the year 2000 computer game "".


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: The character received critical acclaim among fans of "The Next Generation", and he is usually considered one of the top two captains in the "Star Trek" franchise – there are often lengthy and serious debates over whether Picard or James T. Kirk is the "best" Starfleet captain. A 1991 "TV Guide" cover story was titled "It's Kirk vs. Picard: Experts and fans debate who's best". In a more lighthearted take on the debate, the cover of a 1994 "Mad" magazine "Star Trek" special features both Kirk and Picard wrestling childishly to fit into the "Enterprise"s captain's chair, while Scotty and Worf watch their respective commanders with looks of astonishment. Picard is deemed the ultimate delegator of authority, knowing "how to gather and use data better than any other "Star Trek" captain". His leadership style "is best suited to a large, process-centric, either geographically identical or diverse team". Kirk and Picard are considered to be attentive to the needs of their respective crews. When Stewart and William Shatner were asked in 1991 how their characters would have dealt with Saddam Hussein, Shatner stated that Kirk would "have told him to drop dead" while Stewart joked that Picard "would still be talking".


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: In 2015, Stewart addressed a long-asked conundrum among "Star Trek" fans, "If Kirk and Picard fought each other, who would win?" in "Smithsonian" magazine, by saying Picard would prefer to negotiate in the hope of avoiding a fight altogether.


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: UGO Networks listed Picard as one of their best heroes in entertainment, saying, "He doesn't have Kirk's sense of panache, but he did have a tendency to take everything really, really seriously for years". He also became a sex symbol.


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: In 2012, IGN ranked Picard, as depicted in "The Next Generation" series and films, as the 3rd top character of the "Star Trek" universe, behind Spock and Kirk in first and second place respectively. In 2017, IndieWire ranked Picard as the number one best character on "Star Trek: The Next Generation". In 2017, "Screen Rant" ranked Picard the number one most attractive person in the "Star Trek" universe, ahead of Nyota Uhura (#2), Benjamin Sisko (#3), and Seven of Nine (#4).


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: In 2018, Screen Rant ranked Picard as one of the top 8 most powerful characters of "Star Trek", remarking that Picard is "Played with trademark charm and gravitas by Patrick Stewart."


title: Jean-Luc Picard

text: In 2019, Jean-Luc Picard was ranked the 8th sexiest "Star Trek" character by SyFy. In July 2019, Screen Rant ranked Picard the 6th smartest character of "Star Trek".


title: The Stooges

text: The Stooges, originally billed as the Psychedelic Stooges, also known as Iggy and the Stooges, was an American rock band formed in Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 1967 by singer Iggy Pop, guitarist Ron Asheton, drummer Scott Asheton, and bassist Dave Alexander. Initially playing a raw, primitive style of rock and roll, the band sold few records in their original incarnation and gained a reputation for their confrontational performances, which often involved acts of self-mutilation by Iggy Pop.


title: The Stooges

text: After releasing two albums – "The Stooges" (1969) and "Fun House" (1970) – the group disbanded briefly, and reformed with an altered lineup (with Ron Asheton replacing Dave Alexander on bass and James Williamson taking up guitar) to release a third album, "Raw Power" (1973), before breaking up again in 1974. The band reunited in 2003 with Ron Asheton moving back to guitar and Mike Watt on bass, and the addition of saxophonist Steve Mackay, who had played briefly with the 1973–1974 lineup. Ron Asheton died in 2009 and was replaced by James Williamson, and the band continued to play shows until 2013, when they also released their last album, "Ready to Die". The Stooges formally announced their breakup in 2016 due to the deaths of Scott Asheton and saxophonist Steve Mackay.


title: The Stooges

text: The Stooges are widely regarded as a seminal proto-punk act. The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010. In 2004, "Rolling Stone" ranked them 78th on their list of the 100 greatest artists of all time. In 2007, they were awarded the Mojo Lifetime Achievement Award at the Mojo Awards.


title: The Stooges

text: Iggy Pop (born James Newell Osterberg) played drums in several Ann Arbor–area bands as a teenager, including the Iguanas and, later, the Prime Movers. The Prime Movers nicknamed Osterberg "Iggy" in reference to his earlier band.


title: The Stooges

text: Osterberg was first inspired to form the Stooges after meeting blues drummer Sam Lay during a visit to Chicago. Upon returning to Detroit, Osterberg sought to create a new form of blues music that was not derivative of historical precedents, with influence from garage rock bands The Sonics and The Kinks. Ron Asheton (guitar) and Scott Asheton (drums), and Dave Alexander (bass guitar) comprised the rest of the band, with Osterberg as the main singer. Osterberg became interested in Ron Asheton after seeing him perform in a cover band called the Chosen Few, believing, "I’ve never met a convincing musician that didn’t look kind of ill and kind of dirty, and Ron had those two things covered!" The three nicknamed Osterberg "Pop" after a local character whom he resembled. Shortly after witnessing an MC5 concert in Ann Arbor, Osterberg began using the stage name Iggy Pop, a name that he has used ever since.


title: The Stooges

text: Though the Stooges had formed, Iggy Pop attributes two key motivating influences to move the band forward. The first was seeing the Doors perform at a homecoming dance for the University of Michigan. The second was seeing an all-girls rock band from Princeton, New Jersey, called the Untouchable perform. In a 1995 interview with "Bust Magazine", he relates:


title: The Stooges

text: The band's 1967 debut was at their communal State Street house on Halloween night, followed by their next live gig in January 1968. During this early period, the Stooges were originally billed as the "Psychedelic Stooges" at the Grande Ballroom in Detroit, Michigan, and other venues, where they played with the band MC5 and others. At one of their early Grande Ballroom performances, Asheton's guitar neck separated from the body forcing the band to stop playing during the opening song, "I Wanna Be Your Dog." The first major commercial show for the Psychedelic Stooges was on March 3, 1968, at the Grande Ballroom in Detroit, opening for Blood, Sweat & Tears. According to John Sinclair, who booked the show, the Psychedelic Stooges were substitutes for the MC5, who had a formidable Detroit reputation that made Blood, Sweat & Tears reluctant to follow them. A fan who saw several of their performances at that time said, "What they achieved was an almost orchestral drone or trance-like sound which was totally unique, valid and impressive."


title: The Stooges

text: The Stooges soon gained a reputation for their wild, primitive live performances. Pop, especially, became known for his outrageous onstage behavior: smearing his bare chest with hamburger meat and peanut butter, cutting himself with shards of glass, and flashing his genitalia to the audience. Pop is sometimes credited with the invention or popularization of stage diving.


title: The Stooges

text: In 1968, Elektra Records sent DJ/publicist Danny Fields to scout the MC5, resulting in contracts for both that band and the Stooges. The contracts were at different pay rates: MC5 $20,000, the Stooges $5,000, as revealed in the 2016 Jim Jarmusch film, "Gimme Danger". In 1969, the band released their self-titled debut album; sales were low and it was not well received by critics at the time.


title: The Stooges

text: In 1970, their second album, "Fun House", was released, featuring the addition of saxophonist Steve Mackay. On June 13 of that year, television recorded the band at the Cincinnati Pop Festival. While performing the songs "T.V. Eye" and "1970," Pop leaped into the crowd, where he was hoisted up on people's hands, and proceeded to smear peanut butter all over his chest. In a broadcast interview at WNUR Northwestern University radio station in Evanston, Illinois, in 1984, Stiv Bators of the Lords of the New Church and the Dead Boys confirmed the long-standing rumor that it was he who had provided the peanut butter, having carried a large tub from his home in Youngstown, Ohio, and handing it up to Iggy from the audience.


title: The Stooges

text: "Fun House" was also poorly received by critics and the general public. Alexander was dismissed in August 1970 after arriving at the Goose Lake International Music Festival too drunk to play. He was replaced by a succession of new bass players, including former roadie Zeke Zettner and James Recca. Around this time, the band expanded their lineup by adding a second guitar player, roadie Bill Cheatham, who was eventually replaced by James Williamson, a childhood friend of the Ashetons and Alexander.


title: The Stooges

text: By this time, the Stooges, with the notable exception of Ron Asheton, had all become serious heroin users. The drug was introduced to the band by new manager John Adams. Their performances became even more unpredictable, and Pop often had trouble standing up on stage due to his extreme drug abuse. Elektra soon eliminated the Stooges from its roster, and the band had a hiatus for several months. The final lineup was Pop, the Asheton brothers, Recca and Williamson.


title: The Stooges

text: With the band having broken up, Pop met David Bowie on September 7, 1971, at Max's Kansas City, and the pair quickly became good friends. The next day, on the advice of Bowie, Pop signed a recording contract with pop music manager Tony DeFries' company, MainMan. A few months later, Tony DeFries and Pop met Clive Davis from CBS/Columbia Records and got a two-album recording deal. In March 1972, DeFries brought Pop and Williamson to the UK, and the pair attempted to reconstitute the Stooges with British musicians, but after finding no suitable additions, they brought the Asheton brothers back into the band. (This "second choice" decision rankled Ron Asheton, as did his change from guitar to bass.) This lineup, billed as Iggy & the Stooges, recorded their third album, the influential "Raw Power", which was released in 1973.


title: The Stooges

text: At the time, the album faced the criticism that Bowie had mixed it poorly. (In subsequent years, various unofficial fan recordings were assembled and released as the album "Rough Power;" in 1997, the album was re-mixed by Iggy Pop and re-released.) Although the album sold rather poorly and was regarded as a commercial failure at the time of its release, "Raw Power" would go on to gain recognition from early punk rockers.


title: The Stooges

text: With the addition of a piano player (briefly Bob Sheff and then Scott Thurston), the Stooges toured for several months, starting in February 1973. Around this time they also made a number of recordings that became known as the "Detroit Rehearsal Tapes", including a number of new songs that might have been included on a fourth studio album, had the band not been dropped by Columbia soon after the release of "Raw Power". In 1973, James Williamson was briefly dismissed due to criticism from the band's management company (likely pertaining to his tempestuous relationship with Cyrinda Foxe, a close friend of road manager Leee Black Childers); guitarist Tornado Turner replaced him for a single gig (on June 15, 1973, at the Aragon Ballroom in Chicago), but Williamson soon returned to the group.


title: The Stooges

text: The Stooges disbanded in February 1974 as a result of dwindling professional opportunities; this factor was compounded by Pop's ever-present heroin addiction and erratic off-stage behavior. The last half of the band's last performance of this era on February 9, 1974, in Detroit, Michigan, was captured and was released in 1976 as the live album "Metallic K.O.", along with the first half of an earlier show on October 6, 1973, at the same venue. A 1988 expanded release of the album with the title "Metallic 2X K.O." included the two halves of each show. In 1998, the album was re-released under the original title with the order of the shows reversed, (mostly) expanded tracks and more complete set lists.


title: The Stooges

text: After his first attempt at drug rehabilitation, Pop began a volatile yet ultimately successful solo career in 1977, commencing with the Bowie-produced albums "The Idiot" (1977) and "Lust for Life" (1977). Relocated to Los Angeles, California, Ron Asheton formed the short-lived band the New Order (not to be confused with the UK band New Order) with Stooges alumni Recca and Thurston before performing with the Ann Arbor–based "anti-rock" group Destroy All Monsters from 1977 to 1985. Until the Stooges' reformation, he supported himself as a working musician in various ensembles, including New Race, Dark Carnival and the Empty Set. Williamson worked with Pop as a producer and engineer during his early solo career – the "Kill City" and "New Values" albums are a product of this collaboration – but began a long break from the music industry in favor of a career in electronics engineering beginning in 1980. He received his degree from California State Polytechnic University, Pomona in 1982 and retired from Sony as vice president of technical standards in 2009. Scott Asheton performed with Sonic's Rendezvous Band and the Scott Morgan Group while pursuing various day jobs. Dave Alexander died of pulmonary edema related to his alcohol-induced pancreatitis in 1975.


title: The Stooges

text: In 1997, a reissue of "Raw Power" remixed by Pop was released. In 1999, reissue label Rhino Handmade released the seven-disc box set "", composed of the entire recording sessions associated with the "Fun House" album. 3,000 copies were pressed, selling out in less than a year.


title: The Stooges

text: In 2000, indie rock music veterans J Mascis (of Dinosaur Jr) and Mike Watt (of the Minutemen and Firehose) teamed up with Ron Asheton and drummer George Berz to perform Stooges covers (and other material) live. Billed as J. Mascis and the Fog, the band performed sporadically before Pop became aware of them in 2003.


title: The Stooges

text: Pop and the Ashetons first reunited that year, sharing four songs on the "Skull Ring" album with Pop on vocals, Scott Asheton on drums, and Ron Asheton on both guitar and bass. Soon afterward, the Stooges reunited officially, performing a series of live shows in the United States and Europe, with Watt on bass at Ron Asheton's request, and "Fun House–"era saxophonist Steve Mackay. Their Detroit homecoming show, postponed by the 2003 North America blackout, was released as the DVD "Live in Detroit".


title: The Stooges

text: On August 16, 2005, Elektra Records and Rhino Records issued newly remastered two-CD editions of the first two Stooges albums, featuring the original album on disc one and outtakes (including alternate mixes, single versions, etc.) on disc two. Unlike the 1997 "Raw Power" reissue, which was a total remix from the original multitracks, these remasters are faithful to the original mixes.


title: The Stooges

text: In 2007, the band released an album of all-new material, "The Weirdness", with Steve Albini recording, and mastering done at Abbey Road Studios in London, England. The album received mixed to negative reviews from the press. The band also contributed a cover of Junior Kimbrough's "You Better Run" to a tribute album for the late blues artist.


title: The Stooges

text: The Stooges spent the years between 2003 and 2008 touring extensively, playing shows on five different continents. Highlights included performances at several events involved with the All Tomorrow's Parties concert series, Pop's 60th birthday on the stage of San Francisco's Warfield Theater, touring with the Lollapalooza festival, and a performance of two Madonna covers at the Michigan-born singer's induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in protest of the Stooges' failure to receive an induction into said institution despite six nominations. (Two years later, the band was successfully inducted.) A low of this touring era occurred in the August 2008 when the band's equipment was stolen in Montreal, Quebec. Initially, the reunited band's sets consisted solely of material from "The Stooges", "Fun House", "Skull Ring" and "The Weirdness". By 2008, they had added "Search and Destroy," "I Got a Right" and "Raw Power" to its set lists. The band's final show with Ron Asheton was on September 29, 2008, in Ljubljana, Slovenia.


title: The Stooges

text: On January 6, 2009, Ron Asheton was found dead in his home, having reportedly suffered a heart attack several days earlier. He was 60 years old. In their official statement, the group called Asheton "irreplaceable."


title: The Stooges

text: On October 1, 2009, "The Stooges: The Authorized and Illustrated Story" by Robert Matheu and Jeffrey Morgan (authorized biographer of Alice Cooper) was published in hardcover by Abrams.


title: The Stooges

text: In a May 2009 interview, Pop announced the band's plans to continue performing with James Williamson returning as guitarist. Pop stated that "although 'the Stooges' died with Ron Asheton, there was still 'Iggy and the Stooges'". Their first concert occurred on November 7, 2009, in São Paulo, Brazil. The band added material from "Raw Power" and several of Pop's early solo albums to its repertoire.


title: The Stooges

text: The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducted the band in its Class of 2010. The band had previously been nominated for election seven times, each unsuccessful. Their performance for the event included a guest appearance by former keyboardist Scott Thurston. Performances with Williamson continued, including the 2010 All Tomorrow's Parties festival in Monticello, New York, where they performed "Raw Power" in its entirety. A re-release of "Raw Power" was released on April 10, 2010, including the first remastering of the David Bowie mix and a live 1973 performance. The following year, Detroit author Brett Callwood published "The Stooges – Head On: A Journey Through The Michigan Underground", a book that focuses heavily on the Asheton brothers' activities after the initial decline of the Stooges.


title: The Stooges

text: On February 25, 2013, the band released what would become their last album, "Ready to Die". The album was released on April 30 on Fat Possum. Iggy and the Stooges played the final date of their 25-city 2013 world tour with a performance at the C2SV Festival in San Jose on September 28, 2013.


title: The Stooges

text: On March 15, 2014, Scott Asheton died of a heart attack, aged 64. Saxophonist Steve Mackay died in October 2015 at the age of 66.


title: The Stooges

text: On June 22, 2016, guitarist Williamson made an official statement for the band saying that the Stooges are no more: "The Stooges is over. Basically, everybody's dead except Iggy and I. So it would be sort of ludicrous to try and tour as Iggy and the Stooges when there's only one Stooge in the band and then you have side guys. That doesn't make any sense to me."


title: The Stooges

text: Williamson also added that touring had become boring, and trying to balance the band's career as well as Pop's was a difficult task.


title: The Stooges

text: The Stooges are widely regarded as a seminal proto-punk act and as instrumental in the development of punk rock, alternative rock, heavy metal and rock music at large. In the years before noise rock was named as a musical genre, the Stooges were combining noise with punk rock in the same vein.


title: Osmosis Jones

text: Osmosis Jones is a 2001 American live-action/animated buddy cop crime action comedy film written by Marc Hyman. Combining live-action sequences directed by the Farrelly brothers and animation directed by Piet Kroon and Tom Sito, the film stars the voices of Chris Rock, Laurence Fishburne, David Hyde Pierce, Brandy Norwood, and William Shatner alongside Molly Shannon, Chris Elliott, and Bill Murray in live-action roles. It follows the title character, an anthropomorphic white blood cell, as he teams up with a cold pill to protect his unhealthy human host from a deadly virus.


title: Osmosis Jones

text: The film premiered on August 7, 2001, and was released theatrically three days later. It received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the world building, the animation, story, and voice performances, but criticized the inconsistent tone of the live-action portions and overuse of gross-out humor. The film was also a commercial failure, grossing $14 million worldwide against a $70 million budget. Despite the poor financial response, the film was followed by the animated television series "Ozzy & Drix", which aired on Kids' WB from 2002 to 2004.


title: Osmosis Jones

text: Frank DeTorre is an unhealthy, lazy zookeeper at Sucat Memorial Zoo in Rhode Island. He copes with the death of his wife Maggie by overeating and foregoing basic hygiene, much to his daughter Shane's embarrassment. Inside his body, called the "City of Frank" by its anthropomorphic inhabitants, white blood cell Osmosis "Ozzy" Jones is a maverick officer of the Frank Police Department.


title: Osmosis Jones

text: Desperate to be re-elected, the corrupt Mayor Phlegmming doubles down on his junk food policies, ignoring their effect on Frank's health. This induces Frank to eat a boiled egg that fell into a chimpanzee's habitat, allowing Thrax, a virus known as "La Muerte Roja" ("The Red Death"), to enter his body. To placate his secretary Leah Estrogen, Phlegmming instructs Frank to take a cold pill, Special Agent Drixenol "Drix" Drixobenzometaphedramine, who disinfects the throat but unknowingly covers up evidence of Thrax's arrival. Ozzy is ordered to assist Drix's investigation while Thrax takes over a gang of sweat germs run by local crime boss Scabies and attacks the dam in Frank's nose, nearly killing Drix before Ozzy rescues him.


title: Osmosis Jones

text: Ozzy and Drix get into an argument, but after Ozzy reveals Thrax and his gang as the cause of the mucus dam breakage, Drix sticks with Ozzy. Ozzy tells Drix the reason for his "record": Ozzy induced Frank to vomit a contaminated oyster onto Shane's teacher, Mrs. Boyd, causing Frank to be fired from his previous job at the pea soup factory and banned from visiting Shane's school, and Ozzy was demoted to patrol duty in the mouth for his role in the public humiliation. Drix agrees with Ozzy that he did the right thing, and the two pay a visit to Ozzy's informant, Chill, a flu vaccine cell who directs them to Thrax's hideout – a germ-ridden nightclub in a large zit on Frank's forehead. Ozzy goes undercover and infiltrates the gang, learning that Thrax, wanting to be known as the most dangerous virus in medical history, intends to masquerade as a common cold and use his knowledge of DNA to kill Frank within forty-eight hours. When Ozzy is discovered, Drix comes to his aid, causing a brawl which culminates in the zit being popped by a grenade. The pus lands on Mrs. Boyd's lip during a conversation with Frank, foiling his chance to apologize. Furious, Phlegmming closes the investigation, dismisses Ozzy from the force, and orders Drix to leave.


title: Osmosis Jones

text: Having survived the zit's destruction, Thrax kills his remaining henchmen, Bruiser and Joe Cramp, and attacks the hypothalamus, stealing a crucial nucleotide before abducting Leah and preparing to flee via the mouth. His actions cause Frank to develop a high fever, prompting his brother, Bob, to take him to the hospital, to Phlegmming's dismay. Ozzy discovers Thrax is alive and convinces Drix to stay. They reach Thrax in the uvula and rescue Leah, but Thrax uses pollen to induce Frank to sneeze him out of the mouth. Drix launches Ozzy after him, and they land on Shane's cornea. As they fight, falling onto one of Shane's false eyelashes, Ozzy tricks Thrax into trapping his hand in the lash and escapes as the lash falls into a beaker of rubbing alcohol, dissolving Thrax.


title: Osmosis Jones

text: As Frank's temperature surpasses , he goes into cardiac arrest. Riding one of Shane's tears back to Frank's body, Ozzy revives him with the stolen nucleotide and tells Shane "Mom says 'Hi.'" Congratulated as a hero and welcomed back into the police force, Ozzy enters a relationship with Leah, while Drix is allowed to stay as his new partner. Frank commits to a healthier lifestyle, leading Phlegmming to lose the election in a landslide to his opponent, Tom Colonic. Reduced to janitorial duty in the bowels, Phlegmming foolishly ignores a notice not to push a button that triggers Frank's flatulence, ejecting himself from the body.


title: Osmosis Jones

text: Kid Rock, Michael Jackson and Twisted Brown Trucker members Kenny Olson, Jason Krause, Joe C., Stefanie Eulinberg, Jimmie "Bones" Trombly, and Uncle Kracker provide the voices of the fictional band "Kidney Rock". Joel Silver makes an uncredited appearance as the police chief. Additional voices are provided by Jonathan Adams, Carlos Alazraqui, Eddie Barth, Rodger Bumpass, Paul Christie, Antonio Fargas, Eddie Frierson, Donald Fullilove, Richard Steven Horvitz, Rif Hutton, Anne Lockhart, Sherry Lynn, "Stuttering" John Melendez, Paul Pape, Chris Phillips, Al Rodrigo, Herschel Sparber, Doug Stone, Steve Susskind, and Robert Wisdom.


title: Osmosis Jones

text: "Osmosis Jones" went through development hell during production. The animated sequences, directed by Tom Sito and Piet Kroon, went into production as planned even being completed ahead of schedule, but acquiring both a director and a star actor for the live-action sequences took a considerable amount of time, until Bill Murray was cast as the main character of Frank, and Peter and Bobby Farrelly stepped in to direct the live-action sequences. As part of their contract, the Farrelly brothers are credited as the primary directors of the film, although they did no supervision of the animated portions of the film. Will Smith was interested in the part of Ozzy, but in the end his schedule would not permit it.


title: Osmosis Jones

text: Principal photography on the live-action scenes took place from April 2 to June 19, 2000 in Plymouth, Massachusetts.


title: Osmosis Jones

text: "Osmosis Jones" was originally rated PG-13 by the MPAA for "crude language" and "bodily humor" in 2000. However, Warner Bros. edited the film to make it family-friendly; and in 2001 when it was released, the film was re-rated PG on appeal for "bodily humor".


title: Osmosis Jones

text: The first trailer for "Osmosis Jones" was released in front of "" on April 6, 2001, and contains a classical masterpiece from Stanley Kubrick's film "".


title: Osmosis Jones

text: "Osmosis Jones" had its world premiere screening on August 7, 2001, at the Grauman's Egyptian Theatre before being widely released on August 10, 2001, in 2,305 theaters worldwide. Upon its original release, the film was a financial stump and was the penultimate project produced by (preceded by "The Iron Giant" and followed by "", which both also failed at the box office upon their original releases). The film opened at #7 in its first opening weekend at the U.S. box office, accumulating $5,271,248 on its opening week. The film soon grossed $13,596,911. The film was a box office bomb, unable to recover its $70 million production budget.


title: Osmosis Jones

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, "Osmosis Jones" has an approval rating of 56% based on 111 reviews, with an average rating of 5.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "The animated portion of "Osmosis" is zippy and fun, but the live-action portion is lethargic." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 57 out of 100, based on 28 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B−" on an A+ to F scale.


title: Osmosis Jones

text: The animated parts of "Osmosis Jones" were praised for their plot and fast pace, in contrast with the criticized live action segments. Robert Koehler of "Variety" praised the film for its animated and live-action segments intervening, claiming it to be "the most extensive interplay of live-action and animation since "Who Framed Roger Rabbit"". "The New York Times" wrote "the film, with its effluvia-festival brand of humor, is often fun, and the rounded, blobby rendering of the characters is likable. But the picture tries too hard to be offensive to all ages. I suspect that even the littlest viewers will be too old for that spit." Roger Ebert gave the film 3 out of 4 and wrote: "Likely to entertain kids, who seem to like jokes about anatomical plumbing. For adults, there is the exuberance of the animation and the energy of the whole movie, which is just plain clever."


title: Osmosis Jones

text: The use of gross-out humor in the film's live-action sequences, as seen in most films directed by the Farrelly brothers, was widely criticized. As such, Lisa Alspector of the "Chicago Reader" described the film as a "cathartically disgusting adventure movie". Maitland McDonagh of "TV Guide" praised the film's animation and its glimpse of intelligence although did criticize the humor as being "so distasteful". Lisa Schwarzbaum of "Entertainment Weekly" felt that the film had a diverse premise as it "oscillates between streaky black comedy and sanitary instruction"; however the scatological themes were again pointed out. Jonathan Foreman of "New York Post" claimed "Osmosis Jones" to have generic plotting, saying that "It's no funnier than your average grade-school biology lesson and less pedagogically useful than your typical Farrelly brothers comedy." Michael Sragow of "Baltimore Sun" praised David Hyde Pierce's performance as Drix, claiming him to be "hilarious" and "a take-charge dose of medicine".


title: Osmosis Jones

text: The film received numerous Annie Award nominations including Best Animated Feature (losing to "Shrek").


title: Osmosis Jones

text: A soundtrack containing hip hop and R&B music was released on August 7, 2001, by Atlantic Records. The soundtrack failed to chart on the "Billboard" 200, but Trick Daddy's single "Take It to da House" managed to make it to number 88 on the "Billboard" Hot 100 singles chart.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: Annalena Charlotte Alma Baerbock (; born 15 December 1980) is a German politician of the Alliance 90/The Greens party serving as Germany's minister for foreign affairs since 2021.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: From 2018 to January 2022, Baerbock served as co-leader of Alliance 90/The Greens, alongside Robert Habeck. She was the party's candidate for chancellor in the 2021 federal election, making her the first such candidate for the Greens and, after Angela Merkel, only the second woman to be selected by a party as its candidate for chancellor by a major German political party. However, after the backlash she received due to a series of scandals involving her acts of plagiarism and exaggeration of her professional background in her CV, Olaf Scholz from SPD secured the chancellery instead. After the election, the Greens formed a traffic light coalition led by Olaf Scholz, and Baerbock was sworn in as Germany's first female foreign minister on 8 December 2021.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: Born in Hanover, West Germany, in 1980, Baerbock attended the University of Hamburg and the London School of Economics and Political Science. She was first elected to the Bundestag in 2013. From 2012 to 2015, she was a member of the party council of Alliance 90/The Greens and from 2009 to 2013, the leader of her party's group in the state of Brandenburg.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: Baerbock is the daughter of a social worker and a mechanical engineer who worked for WABCO Vehicle Control Systems. After initially living in Nuremberg for several years, she moved to live in an old reconstructed farmhouse that her family owned in Schulenburg, which is part of Pattensen, near Hanover in Lower Saxony. There, she grew up with her two sisters and two cousins. As a child, she joined her parents at anti-war and anti-nuclear power protests organized or supported by the Green Party. She attended the Humboldt School in Hanover and at the age of 16, spent an exchange year at Lake Highland Preparatory School in Orlando, Florida.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: As a teenager, Baerbock was a competitive trampoline gymnast, taking part in German championships and winning bronze three times.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: From 2000 to 2004, Baerbock studied political science and public law at the University of Hamburg. She also worked as a journalist for the "Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung" from 2000 to 2003. She completed internships at "Norddeutscher Rundfunk", "Deutsche Presseagentur" and the Council of Europe.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: In 2005, Baerbock completed a one-year master course in public international law at the London School of Economics (LSE). During her time at LSE, she stayed at Carr-Saunders Hall in Fitzrovia. In 2005, she was a trainee at the British Institute of International and Comparative Law (BIICL). She also started a dissertation on natural disasters and humanitarian aid at the Free University of Berlin, but did not finish it.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: After her studies, Baerbock worked from 2005 to 2008 in the office of MEP Elisabeth Schroedter. In 2008 and 2009, she worked as an adviser on foreign and security policies for the parliamentary group of the Alliance 90/The Greens in the Bundestag.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: Baerbock became a member of Alliance 90/The Greens in 2005. In October 2008, she was elected to the executive board of her party's state group in Brandenburg. The next year she succeeded Ska Keller as co-chair of the board (with Benjamin Raschke), an office she held until 2013.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: Baerbock served as the national spokesperson for the Green Party's working group on European affairs from 2008 to 2013. From 2009 to 2012, she was a member of the executive board of the European Green Party, under the leadership of co-chairs Philippe Lamberts and Monica Frassoni.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: In 2009, Baerbock unsuccessfully ran for a place on her party's electoral list for the federal elections. In 2013, she was the Green Party candidate in the constituency of Potsdam – Potsdam-Mittelmark II – Teltow-Fläming II and also secured the leading spot on the party's electoral list for the State of Brandenburg. Through the electoral list, she became a member of the Bundestag.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: During her first term, Baerbock was a member of the Committee on Economic Affairs and Energy and the Committee on European Affairs. In her parliamentary group, she served as speaker for climate policy. In the latter capacity, she participated in the United Nations Climate Change Conferences in Warsaw (2013), Lima (2014), Paris (2015) and Marrakesh (2016).


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: In addition to her committee assignments, Baerbock served as deputy chair of the Berlin-Taipei Parliamentary Circle of Friends and a member of the German-Polish Parliamentary Friendship Group from 2014 until 2017.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: In the 2017 election, Baerbock was again the leading candidate in the state of Brandenburg, retaining her seat in Parliament. After the election, she was a member of the Green Party party's negotiating team in the (unsuccessful) coalition talks with the CDU/CSU and FDP. She has since been a member of the Committee on Families, Seniors, Women and Youth.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: On 27 January 2018, at the Green Party's national convention in her hometown of Hanover, Baerbock was elected as one of two equal chairpersons of her party at the federal level, with Robert Habeck. She won 64% of the vote, more than her challenger, Anja Piel. At a 2019 party convention, she was re-elected with 97.1% of the votes, the highest-ever result for a party chair.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: In the negotiations to form a coalition government under the leadership of Minister-President of Brandenburg Dietmar Woidke after the 2019 state elections, Baerbock was a member of her party's delegation.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: On 19 April 2021, the federal board of the Greens officially nominated Baerbock as candidate for chancellor for the 2021 federal electionthe first time the party had nominated a single candidate instead of co-leaders. This was formally confirmed at the party congress from 11 to 13 June. Baerbock is the second woman after Angela Merkel to seek the highest government office. On election day, she was only 12 days older than Guido Westerwelle in 2002, the youngest chancellor candidate ever.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: On 12 June 2021, Baerbock was confirmed as candidate for chancellor after receiving 98.5% of the confirmation votes. In the 2021 German federal election, she again ran in the constituency of Potsdam – Potsdam-Mittelmark II – Teltow-Fläming II, this time against fellow chancellor candidate Olaf Scholz. She lost the constituency to Scholz by over 15,000 votes, but was nonetheless elected to the Bundestag through the Green list in Brandenburg.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: During this time, it was discovered that Baerbock committed plagiarism in a book she authored "Jetzt. Wie wir unser Land erneuern", having copy-pasted 29 sentences altogether from other works. A detailed analysis of the act of plagiarism available in a German document. Another wrongdoing unearthed was that she published false information about her professional background in her CV. She incorrectly claimed that she was a member of German Marshall Fund and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees along with many other minor institutions, which she had no formal ties to. Those events caused widespread condemnation in German public.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: According to studies conducted by the German Marshall Fund and the Institute for Strategic Dialogue, both German and Russian state-backed sources have targeted Baerbock, spreading a large amount of disinformation, from false assumptions about the Greens to explicit sexism, such as the circulated online image featuring Baerbock's face photoshopped onto a naked female body with the caption "I was young and I needed the money".


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: Under Baerbock's leadership, the Greens won 14.8% of the national vote in 2021 and 118 seats in the Bundestag, the best result in the party's history. However, the performance was considered somewhat disappointing as the party finished third after having led in some polls earlier in the year.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: Following the 2021 election, the Greens agreed to enter government with the FDP and the Social Democrats, as part of a traffic light coalition led by Olaf Scholz. Baerbock was named Foreign Minister and took office on 8 December 2021, the first woman ever to hold the role.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: Baerbock visited Warsaw in December 2021 to meet with the Polish Foreign Minister Zbigniew Rau. They discussed Poland's dispute with the EU over the rule of law and the superiority of European Union law. Baerbock backed Poland's efforts to stop the flow of migrants seeking entry from Belarus. She rejected the idea of paying World War II reparations to Poland. Germany still asserts that Poland waived all reparation rights under the 1953 agreement and that the dispute is settled. Poland rejects this view, stating that the Polish government was then under the sway of the Soviet Union and that its 1953 refusal is non-binding.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: Baerbock harbors strong Atlanticist views and is assumed to follow a foreign policy in coherent with the one pursued by the US President Joe Biden.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: On 23 December 2021, Baerbock warned that Afghanistan is "heading into the worst humanitarian catastrophe of our time", with major economic sectors collapsing and more than 24 million people in need of humanitarian assistance. She said, "We cannot allow hundreds of thousands of children to die because we don't want to take action." She also promised to speed up the evacuation of more than 15,000 vulnerable Afghans, including staff who worked for Germany and their family members.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: When Germany held the rotating presidency of the Group of Seven (G7) in 2022, Baerbock chaired the meetings of G7 Ministers of Foreign Affairs.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: In January 2022, Baerbock refused to supply German weapons to Ukraine amid rising tensions on the Ukraine-Russia border, while NATO allies including the United States opted to send arms in support of Ukraine. In the aftermath of Russia's February 2022 invasion of Ukraine, she argued against blocking Russian access to SWIFT. Following the Bucha massacre in April 2022, she expelled 40 Russian diplomats and embassy staff from Berlin, joining other European Union countries in their response to alleged war crimes by Russian troops in Ukraine. Also in April 2022, she hosted a donor conference during which European and international governments agreed to extend 659.5 million euros ($718.6 million) in aid to Moldova, which hosted more than 100,000 refugees from Ukraine at the time. In July 2022, after a heated meeting with the Turkish foreign minister, she was accused of hypocrisy concerning German foreign policy towards Turkey by Turkish media. Baerbock's attitude during the debate was applauded by the Greens but was heavily criticized by the main-opposition CDU and a Turkish organization in Germany.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: Baerbock is regarded as taking a centrist line on defense and pushing for a stronger common EU foreign policy, especially against Russia and China. She has proposed a post-pacifist foreign policy, calling for a European army under the supervision of the European Parliament and outlining steps toward Germany's denuclearization in consultation with allies. She supports NATO's eastward expansion and cooperation with the United States. In November 2020, she said: "Europe has been revolving around itself for years, the Trump administration turned its back on the world. Authoritarian states fill the gap that emerged. That leads to Russia or Turkey becoming active in our neighborhoodand the EU, as in the case of Nagorno-Karabakh, is left out.” In December 2021, Baerbock proposed a "values-driven" foreign policy in conjunction with other European democracies and NATO partners, and called on the EU to implement sanctions against Bosnian Serb leader Milorad Dodik.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: Baerbock appears to have taken a pro-Israel stance in response to the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis. She called the number of UN resolutions criticizing Israel "absurd compared to resolutions against other states."


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: Baerbock has argued in favor of a European and trans-Atlantic Green Deal. She has cited a need for technology transfer so that countries worldwide can limit the increase in global temperatures to 1.5 °C, as outlined in the Paris Agreement.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: Baerbock has called for coal to be phased out in Germany by 2030, the implementation of a speed limit of , and restricting the registration of cars to emission-free cars "by 2030 at the latest". She has said that "agricultural subsidies should be oriented towards the common good" and that animal populations and meat production should be "reduced very significantly". Baerbock has also said that "climate policy is not in contradiction to the economy" and that she wishes to preserve Germany's status as an industrial location "into the 21st centuryin light of the Paris climate agreement." She supports the production of climate-neutral steel and has expressed support for climate tariffsinternational taxes on goods that are carbon-intensive. Under her policies, domestic German flights are to be made "superfluous" by 2035, by strengthening the rail network.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: When the Federal Constitutional Court ruled that the greenhouse gas reductions set out in the Climate Protection Act were insufficient on 29 April 2021, Baerbock held out the prospect of setting concrete greenhouse gas savings targets in the event that her party would participate in the federal government. She also called for the quota for the annual expansion of renewable energy sources to be doubled by the mid-2020s. Baerbock has said that environmental destruction caused by climate change is becoming increasingly expensive.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: Baerbock is an opponent of nuclear power. In 2021, she opposed an EU proposal to label nuclear power as a green energy source.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: Amid the European migrant crisis in 2015, Baerbock joined fellow Green parliamentarians Luise Amtsberg, Franziska Brantner, Manuel Sarrazin and Wolfgang Strengmann-Kuhn in calling for more responsibilities for the European Commission in managing the EU's intake of refugees, a clear mandate for Frontex and EU-managed facilities for asylum seekers in their countries of origin.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: Since 2020, Baerbock has participated in the World Economic Forum's Young Global Leaders program, a group that has coached political representatives such as Emmanuel Macron, Sanna Marin and Jacinda Ardern.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: Since 2007, Baerbock has been married to Daniel Holefleisch, a political consultant and PR manager who has been Senior Expert Corporate Affairs for Deutsche Post DHL Group since 2017, a lobbyist position. They have two daughters, born in 2011 and 2015. In 2013, they moved from Berlin to the Nauener Vorstadt district of Potsdam, Brandenburg.


title: Annalena Baerbock

text: Baerbock is a member of the Evangelical Church in Germany (EKD). She describes herself as "not religious" and remains a church member because "the idea of togetherness is extremely important" to her.


title: David Costabile

text: David Costabile (; born January 9, 1967) is an American actor. He is best known for his television work, having appeared in supporting roles in several television series such as "Billions", "Breaking Bad", "Damages", "Flight of the Conchords", "Suits", and "The Wire", as well as the film "The Dirt". He has also acted on film and in Broadway theatre.


title: David Costabile

text: Costabile was born in Washington, D.C. and is of Italian descent. He holds an undergraduate degree from Tufts University and an MFA from New York University.


title: David Costabile

text: Costabile has appeared on Broadway in Manhattan Theatre Club's revival of "Translations" in 2007, the musical "Titanic" in 1997, and "The Tempest" in 1995. In 2005, he appeared as Launce in "The Two Gentlemen of Verona" as part of the Public Theater's Shakespeare in the Park. For "Caroline, or Change", the Drama Desk Award–winning musical by Tony Kushner and Jeanine Tesori (2003–2004), Costabile workshopped and performed in the original production and its Broadway transfer.


title: David Costabile

text: Costabile is best known for his recurring television roles on "The Wire" (as Thomas Klebanow, managing editor of "The Baltimore Sun"), "Flight of the Conchords" (as Doug), "Damages" (as Detective Rick Messer), "Suits" (as Daniel Hardman, former senior partner of the law firm of Pearson Hardman), and "Breaking Bad" and "Better Call Saul" (as Gale Boetticher). He is currently starring as Mike "Wags" Wagner in the Showtime production "Billions".


title: David Costabile

text: Costabile also appeared in season six of "The Office", as a banker sent from Sabre to evaluate Dunder Mifflin, and in the "House" episode "Changes" as a limousine driver. During the second series of "Franklin & Bash", he guest-starred as a senior partner of the Infeld Daniels New York office, investigating Franklin and Bash because of a complaint filed against them by a former client. He had a minor guest star role in a season 3 episode of "The Good Wife", playing the defendant's lawyer in a lawsuit against Lockhart and Gardner, and in a two episode story arc on BBC One's "Ripper Street". Costabile also played Mr. Braddock, an attorney to the primary suspect in an episode of "The Closer" titled "Unknown Trouble", the first episode of season 7.