title: 2021–22 Manchester City F.C. season

text: An outstanding team performance against their closest rivals saw City convincingly beat Manchester United 4–1 at home on 6 March with a brace apiece from Riyad Mahrez and man of the match Kevin De Bruyne. This broke a sequence of 3 consecutive derby losses at home. Mahrez had now scored over 20 goals in a season in all competitions for the first time in his career and De Bruyne passed the milestone of fifty Premier League goals. The result still meant City led the league from Liverpool by 6 points having played a game more.


title: 2021–22 Manchester City F.C. season

text: City drew 0–0 with Sporting on 9 March in the second leg of their Champions League round of 16 tie to win 5–0 on aggregate and qualify for the quarter-finals for the fifth season in succession. By the time of the March international break, City's lead in the league had been cut to 1 point after another frustrating 0–0 draw with Crystal Palace at Selhurst Park on 14 March and Liverpool's continued league winning streak since January. On a brighter note, the Blues qualified for their fourth consecutive FA Cup semi-final when they beat Southampton 4–1 at St. Mary's on 20 March.


title: 2021–22 Manchester City F.C. season

text: City returned from the March international break knowing they had up to 16 games of the season remaining over eight weeks, in which they could secure a treble of titles. This would start with a sequence of five games over 14 days where the Blues would play both Atlético Madrid and Liverpool twice in alternating fixtures: the two-legged Champions League quarter-finals, a potentially decisive home league fixture and a FA Cup semi-final at Wembley.


title: 2021–22 Manchester City F.C. season

text: However, first City had to retake the top spot from Liverpool, which they successfully accomplished by beating Burnley 2–0 at Turf Moor on 2 April, after their rivals had defeated Watford by the same score at home earlier that day. Three days later, a 1–0 victory over Atlético in the first leg of the Champions League quarter-finals gave City a slender advantage before heading to Madrid. On 10 April, an exciting and high quality 2–2 home draw against Liverpool ensured City retained a single point advantage at the top of the league with seven games remaining.


title: 2021–22 Manchester City F.C. season

text: Just three days after a title decider versus Liverpool, City faced Atlético on the road. An intense and maturely hard fought 0–0 draw in Madrid ensured City progressed to the semi-finals for the second consecutive season. There, the Blues would face Real Madrid who had closely beaten Chelsea over the two legs. Unfortunately, the closeness of the Atlético tie prevented Guardiola from resting his strongest squad, and several key players suffered injuries while Jürgen Klopp was able to effectively play his "B team" in Liverpool's quarter-final home tie against Benfica the same night.


title: 2021–22 Manchester City F.C. season

text: The FA Cup semi-final awaited just three days, on 16 April, after an excruciating battle with Atlético. As such, Guardiola was forced to make seven changes for the match against Liverpool. A dominant display from the Scoursers at Wembley saw them take a three goal lead against an underperforming City side by half-time, including a Sadio Mané goal which resulted from an error from back up keeper Zack Steffen, who Guardiola always selected to play in City's domestic cup fixtures. The Blues managed to improve in the second half and goals from Jack Grealish and Bernardo Silva were able to almost overturn the deficit, but Liverpool withstood the pressure to 3–2, ending Citizens' hopes of the treble. Although Manchester City had reached five FA Cup semi-finals during Guardiola's tenure at the club, they had only succeeded in reaching one final (in 2019), while losing three consecutive FA Cup semi-finals starting from 2020 and also losing three consecutive appearances at Wembley.


title: 2021–22 Manchester City F.C. season

text: A 3–0 win against Brighton on 20 April saw City keep Liverpool at the same distance of a point. This victory was Guardiola's 250th as City manager in all competitions. Just three days later, the Blues produced another convincing win, this time beating Watford 5–1. Gabriel Jesus scored four goals and became the third City player to do so in a Premier League match after Sergio Agüero and Edin Džeko. This was also City's 15th consecutive Premier League victory against the Hornets, setting another PL record.


title: 2021–22 Manchester City F.C. season

text: Another three days later, on 26 April, Manchester City defeated Real Madrid 4–3 in an outstanding game at a capacity Etihad Stadium to take a slight advantage to the Santiago Bernabéu. City scored in under 2 minutes, as Kevin De Bruyne finished the fastest goal in European Cup semi-finals history, and had held a two-goal advantage on three occasions during the match, while also squandering multiple good opportunities to increase the lead, only to see a resilient Madrid side reduce the deficit to a single goal, courtesy of a brace (which included a Panenka penalty) from Real Madrid's top scorer, captain and talisman Karim Benzema.


title: 2021–22 Manchester City F.C. season

text: In their next league game, City beat Leeds away 4–0 to keep a one point lead over Liverpool with just four PL games remaining. City had not conceded a league goal away from home in five consecutive fixtures and had remained undefeated in 16 away league games since their opening day loss at Tottenham (both new club records). Captain Fernandihno came on as a substitute to become the Brazilian player with the most Premier League appearances and celebrated by scoring City's final goal.


title: 2021–22 Manchester City F.C. season

text: 4 May was a tough day for the Blues, as they failed to reach the Champions League final in the most dramatic and heartbreaking fashion at the Santiago Bernabéu. Leading the game 1–0 (5–3 on aggregate), from a 75th minute goal by Riyad Mahrez, City once again squandered several opportunities to put the game to bed and collapsed in the last minutes of the match. Approaching the injury time, it appeared City were heading comfortably to the final, where they would have met rivals Liverpool; however, two goals in a minute from Madrid's substitute striker Rodrygo sent the game into extra time, and another penalty from Benzema five minutes later proved to be the winner as City were defeated 1–3 (5–6 on aggregate).


title: 2021–22 Manchester City F.C. season

text: The heartbreak, however, did not derail City as some rivals might have hoped. By the time of City's next league game on 8 May, Liverpool had finally dropped points in the title race by drawing 1–1 against Tottenham at Anfield. City were able to put their shock and disappointment from the Bernabéu to one side and capitalise on this, opening up a three point lead and a four goal difference advantage after a 5–0 thrashing of revitalised Newcastle United with a brace from Raheem Sterling and another man of the match performance from Kevin De Bruyne. The Blues required seven more points from three remaining fixtures to secure and retain their league title.


title: 2021–22 Manchester City F.C. season

text: On 10 May, the club officially announced it had reached agreement with Borussia Dortmund to sign young Norwegian striker Erling Haaland on 1 July 2022 subject to completing terms. Haaland, the son of ex-City and Leeds midfielder Alfie Haaland, is one of the most sought after players in world football having scored 85 goals in 88 appearances for Dortmund, and could become the replacement for Sergio Aguero the club had been seeking.


title: 2021–22 Manchester City F.C. season

text: Another big 5–1 win away to Wolves on 11 May, including four goals from Kevin De Bruyne, and a 24 minute hat-trick (the third fastest from the start of a game in Premier League history), reduced City's target to getting a maximum of four points from two remaining fixtures to retain their title. This game was Guardiola's 350th as City manager. It also signified another Premier League record for consecutive games won by a margin of three or more goals.


title: 2021–22 Manchester City F.C. season

text: On 15 May, City fought back from conceding two first-half goals to draw 2–2 with West Ham, and could have won the match but for a late penalty miss from Riyad Mahrez. This was the first time since 2012 that City had come back from a two goal deficit in a game. Nevertheless, the result still meant City would win the league if they won their final fixture at home to Aston Villa.


title: 2021–22 Manchester City F.C. season

text: The season ended in dramatic circumstances on 22 May with City coming back from 0–2 for the second consecutive fixture. With 15 minutes remaining, the Citizens scored three goals in five minutes, including a brace from İlkay Gündoğan, to beat Aston Villa 3–2 and ensure they would win the Premier league with 93 points, one more than Liverpool, and retain the title amid jubilant scenes at the Etihad.


title: Rahman (actor)

text: Rashin Rahman (born 23 May 1967) is an Indian actor. He has worked in around 200 films, primarily in Malayalam cinema, in addition to Tamil, Hindi and Telugu cinema, and has won several awards. In Tamil and Telugu cinema, he is also known by the screen names Raghuman and Raghu.


title: Rahman (actor)

text: He made his acting debut in "Koodevide" (1983), for which he won his first Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Actor, becoming the youngest recipient of the award at the age of 16. He was a popular teen idol in Malayalam cinema during the 1980s, which heightened his stardom in Malayalam film industry. He eventually shifted to playing lead roles in Tamil and Telugu films during the late 1980s and early 1990s. He did make a comeback in Malayalam films since 2004 and has been acting in leading and supporting roles in Tamil and Telugu films after the 2000s.


title: Rahman (actor)

text: In 1983, Rahman was attending his high school in Ooty, he was spotted by noted Malayalam director Padmarajan who offered him the lead role in his film "Koodevide". The film became a big hit and he was turned out to be an instant sensation. He was well appreciated for his acting and went on to win the Kerala State Award for Second Best Actor in his debut role at the age of 16. In 1984, he acted in "Kaliyil Alpam Karyam" directed by Sathyan Anthikad and "Ithiri Poove Chuvannapoove" by Bharathan. He received critical acclaim and awards for the performance in "Ithiri Poove Chuvannapoove." In the same year, he acted in "Kanamarayathu" directed by I.V. Sasi, which went on to become a critical and commercials success. The song "Oru Madhurakinavin" which picturised him and Shobana became very popular and was a chartbuster all over Kerala. It is considered as the iconic dance number in Malayalam cinema even now.


title: Rahman (actor)

text: In the same year, he acted in Padmarajan's "Parannu Parannu Parannu" alongside Rohini. He was then seen in I.V. Sasi's thriller film "Uyarangalil, Adiyozhukkukal" and K. S. Sethumadhavan's family drama "Ariyaatha Veethikal." Then he acted in another film of Sathyan Anthikad titled "Aduthaduthu," and J. Sasikumar's "Ivide Thudangunnu" alongside Rohini.


title: Rahman (actor)

text: In the first half of 1985, he acted in "Kandu Kandarinju," I. V. Sasi's "Angadikkappurathu, Upaharam" and by that time Rahman had created a huge fan base and stardom in Malayalam film industry. He was then seen in Sajan's "Thammil Thammil" alongside Shobana, "Ee Lokam Evide Kure Manushyar" and "Orikkal Oridathu" alongside Rohini. In the second half of 1985, he starred in romantic film "Ivide Ee Theerathu, Ente Kaanakkuyil, Koodum Thedi" and "Katha Ithuvare." Then he acted in "Eeran Sandhya, Ee Thanalil Ithiri Nerum" and Priyadarshan's "Punnaram Cholli Cholli," all of which went on to become commercially successful. In 1986, he acted in I. V. Sasi's super hit film "Vartha" along with Mammootty, Mohanlal and Seema and a cameo appearance in "Aayiram Kannukal." Then, he went on to act in the titile role of Nathan in "Ennu Nathante Nimmi." Then, he acted in "Chilambu" directed by Bharathan, which is a martial art movie and it went on to become big hit at the box office. His next release of the year was "Poomukhappadiyil Ninneyum Kaathu, Koodanayum Kattu, Pappan Priyappetta Pappan" and P. Padmarajan's crime thriller "Kariyilakkattu Pole."


title: Rahman (actor)

text: In 1987, he starred in I. V. Sasi's family drama "Ithrayum Kaalam" and Sathyan Anthikad directorial "Gaayathridevi Ente Amma" along with Seema. His next release was "Aankiliyude Tharattu" which was also dubbed into Tamil language. His first release of 1988 was "Moonnam Pakkam," sentimental drama film directed by Padmarajan and then "Mukthi" by I. V. Sasi. Then, he played dual role in thriller film "Charithram" which was commercially andcriticallly appreciated. Then, he acted in "Kaalal Pada" along with Jayaram and Suresh Gopi. He acted in the films of almost all the major Malayalam directors at that time including Padmarajan, Bharathan, and I. V. Sasi. He was absent from the Malayalam film industry in the early 1990s as he concentrated on Tamil and Telugu films.


title: Rahman (actor)

text: He had only one release in Malayalam during 1990, which was "Veena Meettiya Vilangukal" directed by Cochin Haneefa. After a long absence, he acted in "Mazhavilkoodaram", "King Soloman" and "Hitlist" during the early 1990s. After another interval, he came back with the movie "Dreams", playing the role of a police officer. In 2004, he acted in "Black", alongside Mammootty. After "Black", during 2005 and 2006 he acted in films such as "Rajamanikyam", "Mahasamudram" and "Bhargavacharitham Moonam Khandam." He had four Malayalam film releases in 2007, which are the lead roles in "Abraham & Lincoln" and "Nanma", along with Kalabhavan Mani. And, he acted in director Kamal's film "Goal" and Ranjith's "Rock & Roll" In 2008, he did a cameo role in "Veruthe oru Bharya." In 2009, he acted in "Moss & Cat", directed by Fazil with Dileep as his co-star and "Bharya Onnu Makkal Moonnu".


title: Rahman (actor)

text: Rahman then appeared in the film "Kerala Cafe", in the segment titled "Island Express", under the director Shankar RamaKrishnan. "Musafir", produced by Pramod Pappan, was one of Rahman's biggest productions and most expensive ventures to date. Then in 2011, he acted in "Traffic", a multi-narrative road thriller film written by his friends Bobby and Sanjay. His next theatrical release was "Manjadikuru" written and directed by Anjali Menon. In 2012, he acted in "Bachelor Party", a gangster drama film directed by Amal Neerad.


title: Rahman (actor)

text: He was then seen in one of the lead roles along with Prithviraj Sukumaran and Jayasurya in 2013 film "Mumbai Police" penned by Bobby and Sanjay and directed by Rosshan Andrrews was a big success in Kerala. In 2015, he did the lead role in "Lavender" written by Anoop Menon. And, then he starred in 2016 film "Marupadi" directed by V.M. Vinu.


title: Rahman (actor)

text: Then he starred in 2018 action thriller film "Ranam" along with Prithviraj Sukumaran and was appreciated for his performance as a drug don. In 2019, he starred in "Virus" medical thriller film directed by Aashiq Abu set against the backdrop of the 2018 Nipah virus outbreak in Kerala.


title: Rahman (actor)

text: Rahman's first Tamil film was "Nilave Malare", which was released in 1986; the director of the film was S. A. Chandrasekhar. He subsequently appeared in "Kanne Kaniyamuthe", "Vasantha Raagam" and "Anbulla Appa" (with Sivaji Ganeshan). In 1989, after appearing in "Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal", "Puriyaadha Pudhir" and "Nee Pathi Naan Pathi", he shifted completely to Tamil and Telugu. He is known with the screen name Raghu in Telugu movies. "Bharat Bandh" is one of his big hits in Telugu. "Rasaleela" was the first Telugu movie Rahman acted in; it was released in 1986. In January 1987, Rahman moved from Kozhikode to Bangalore. In 1990, he moved from Bangalore to Chennai.


title: Rahman (actor)

text: In 1999, he acted in the Tamil film "Sangamam", directed by Suresh Krishna, which depicted the story of a feud between classical and folk dance. The music of the film was composed by A. R. Rahman. The Tamil film "Ethiri" (2004) was the first film Rahman dubbed in his own voice. In 2005, after a long gap in Telugu, Rahman acted in "Dhairyam" (2005), the Telugu version of the Malayalam film "Abraham & Lincoln" released in Andhra Pradesh and was well received. Rahman then performed in the Tamil films "Raam" and "Thoothukudi", which were released in 2005 and 2006 respectively. He was the villain in "Billa" (2007), in which he reprised his role as the main antagonist in the Telugu film "by the same name", released in 2009.


title: Rahman (actor)

text: After his debut with Suhasini as the heroine, he worked with her again after a long gap of 25 years for the Tamil movie, "Balam" (2009). His next film "Vaamanan", directed by Ahmed (who has worked as assistant to director Kathir), did well throughout South India. Rahman's next Telugu film "Simha", was released worldwide on 30 April 2010. Simha went on to become the highest grosser of 2010, and the 5th highest-grossing movie in the Telugu Film Industry. He appeared in "Oosaravelli" and "Vanthaan Vendraan". In 2014, he acted as the protagonist's father in the movie "Govindudu Andarivadele", directed by Krishna Vamsi. In 2016, he starred in the Tamil-language thriller film "Dhuruvangal Pathinaaru".


title: Rahman (actor)

text: Rahman received the State Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in his very first film; "Koodevide". He also received the Film Critics Award and Chamber Award for this film.


title: Rahman (actor)

text: In 1984, he received the Kerala Film Chamber Award for Best Actor for the film "Ithiri Poove Chuvanna Poove".


title: Rahman (actor)

text: Rahman received the Award for Trendsetter in the history of Malayalam cinema's 78 years at the Etisalat Everest Film awards held in Dubai in 2007. The public voted for Rahman for this award from the nominations including Kamal Haasan, Sreedevi, Manju Warrier and Nadhiya.


title: Rahman (actor)

text: Rahman's Malayalam film "Manjadikkuru", directed by Anjali Menon, received two awards at the 2008 International Film Festival in Kerala.


title: Rahman (actor)

text: He was born on 23 May 1967 in Abu Dhabi. His family originally hails from Nilambur, Malappuram. He is born as eldest among two children to K. M. A. Rahman and Savithri Nair. He has a younger sister Shameema. He was educated at Merryland Kindergarten, Abu Dhabi and Baldwin Boys' High School, Bangalore, St Joseph's School in Abu Dhabi and Rex Higher Secondary School, Ooty and pursued a pre-university degree at Dr. Gafoor Memorial MES Mampad College, Mampad-Malappuram .


title: Rahman (actor)

text: He has two children. His wife Meherunnisa is the sister of music director A. R. Rahman's wife Saira Banu.


title: Nia Jax

text: Savelina Fanene (born May 29, 1984) is an Australian-born American professional wrestler. She is best known for her time in WWE, where she performed under the ring name Nia Jax from 2014 to 2021 and became a one-time Raw Women's Champion and two-time Women's Tag Team Champion (both times with Shayna Baszler).


title: Nia Jax

text: Savelina Fanene was born in Sydney on May 29, 1984, and raised in Honolulu, Hawaii. She is of German and Samoan descent, and is a cousin of Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson as her father Joseph was a first cousin of Johnson's grandfather Peter Maivia. She later lived in San Diego, California, and attended Carlsbad High School. She attended Palomar College in San Marcos, California, where she played college basketball, and graduated from Cal State San Marcos with a marketing degree in 2005. Prior to professional wrestling, she worked as a plus-size model.


title: Nia Jax

text: Fanene was signed by WWE in early 2014 and was assigned to their developmental territory NXT, based at the WWE Performance Center in Orlando, Florida. She made her in-ring debut on May 7, 2015, at an NXT house show under the ring name Zada, teaming with Devin Taylor in a defeat to Bayley and Carmella in a tag team match. In August, her ring name was changed to Nia Jax.


title: Nia Jax

text: After a series of introductory vignettes throughout September, Jax made her debut on October 14 episode of "NXT", defeating Evie in a singles match. Following her debut, she was shown slowly turning villainous while going on a winning streak, defeating various enhancement talents and NXT Diva Carmella. In November, Jax formed an alliance with Eva Marie and started her first feud with Bayley over the NXT Women's Championship, cementing Jax's heel persona. Jax earned a title match on December 16 at , but she was unsuccessful in winning the title.


title: Nia Jax

text: On the January 27, 2016 episode of "NXT", Jax returned to the ring after a month of inactivity due to a storyline injury with a win over Liv Morgan.<ref name="NXT 27/1/6"></ref> On the February 10 episode of "NXT", Jax assisted Marie in an attack on Bayley and Carmella after their championship match until Asuka made the save, which led to a tag team match on the February 24 episode of "NXT", where Jax and Marie scored the victory.<ref name="NXT 24/02/16"></ref> On the May 25 episode of "NXT", Jax won a triple threat match over Alexa Bliss and Carmella to become the number one contender to Asuka's NXT Women's Championship.<ref name="NXT25/05/16"></ref> On June 8, Jax lost her title match at . On July 20 episode of "NXT", Jax was defeated by Bayley.<ref name="NXT 20/07/16"></ref> On December 28 episode of NXT, Jax lost to Asuka for the NXT Women's Championship in her last match in NXT.


title: Nia Jax

text: Shortly after being drafted from NXT to the Raw brand as part of the 2016 WWE draft, which took place on July 19, 2016, Jax started a winning streak against various competitors.<ref name="Raw 25/07/16"></ref><ref name="Raw 01/08/16"></ref><ref name="Raw 15/08/16"></ref> In September, Jax was placed in her first feud with Alicia Fox, which led to a match between the two on the September 12 episode of "Raw" that ended in a no contest after she performed a spear on Fox through the ringside barricade. In a rematch between the two that took place at the Clash of Champions pre-show on September 25, Jax defeated Fox via pinfall. On November 20 at Survivor Series, Jax was a part of Team Raw in a five-on-five elimination tag team match and was eliminated via submission by Becky Lynch.


title: Nia Jax

text: In December, Jax started a feud with her mentor Sasha Banks, whom she injured as part of the storyline. This led to two matches between the two, where Jax was first victorious at the Royal Rumble pre-show on January 29, 2017, but lost on March 5 at Fastlane. On April 3 at WrestleMania 33, Jax competed in a fatal four-way elimination match against Banks, Bayley and Charlotte Flair for the Raw Women's Championship, but she was eliminated first. On the June 26 episode of "Raw", Jax competed in a gauntlet match to determine a number one contender for Alexa Bliss's Raw Women's Championship, eliminating Bayley, Mickie James, Dana Brooke and Emma consecutively before being defeated by Banks.<ref name="Raw 26/06/17"></ref> On September 24 at No Mercy, Jax took part of a fatal five-way match for the Raw Women's Championship, but she failed to win the title. On November 19 at Survivor Series, Jax once again was a part of Team Raw in a five-on-five elimination tag team match from which she was eliminated by countout.


title: Nia Jax

text: Starting from December 4 episode of "Raw", Jax was placed in an on-screen relationship with then WWE Cruiserweight Champion Enzo Amore, which was dropped when Amore was released from the WWE in January 2018. On January 28 at the Royal Rumble, Jax participated in the first women's royal rumble match where she entered at number 22 and eliminated Jacqueline, Kelly Kelly, Ruby Riott and Naomi before being eliminated by six women. Throughout January and February, Jax started a feud with the undefeated Asuka, whom she failed to defeat on February 25 at Elimination Chamber and a week later on "Raw".


title: Nia Jax

text: In March, Jax turned face after being insulted and betrayed by former best friend, Raw Women's Champion Alexa Bliss, who body shamed her and made fun of her personality. This led to a title match between the two on April 8, 2018, at WrestleMania 34, where she won the match to capture the Raw Women's Championship, marking the first title win of her career. In a rematch between the two, that took place a month later at Backlash on May 6, Jax went onto defeat Bliss and retain her title. In May, Jax started a feud with Ronda Rousey whom she challenged to a title match at Money in the Bank pay-per-view. During that feud, Jax briefly returned to her villainous theatrics. At Money in the Bank, on June 17, Jax lost her championship back to Bliss, who interfered in her match and attacked both Jax and Rousey, cashing in her Money in the Bank contract (which she won earlier that night). A month later, on July 15, Jax invoked her rematch clause at Extreme Rules, but was unsuccessful in regaining the title in an extreme rules match.


title: Nia Jax

text: After a short hiatus due to a minor injury, Jax returned on the September 17 episode of "Raw" as the mystery tag team partner of Ember Moon, with the two going on to defeat Alicia Fox and Mickie James. One month later, on October 28, at the WWE Evolution pay-per-view, Jax eliminated Moon as she won a battle royal to earn a future women's championship match. On the November 5 episode of "Raw", shortly after defeating Moon in a singles match, Jax once again turned heel as she aligned herself with Tamina (with whom she had multiple confrontations the past few weeks, forming the Samoan Slaughterhouse) and attacked Moon. On November 18, at Survivor Series, Jax was the sole survivor for Team Raw against Team SmackDown in an interbrand women's traditional five-on-five tag team elimination match. The following month, on December 16, at the event, Jax failed to regain the Raw Women's Championship from Rousey.


title: Nia Jax

text: On January 27, 2019, at the Royal Rumble event, Jax competed in the women's Royal Rumble match, entering at number 29 and lasting for over 11 minutes before she herself was eliminated by the eventual winner Becky Lynch. Later that night, Jax made history as she became the first person to ever compete in two Royal Rumble matches on the same night and the fourth woman to ever compete in a men's Royal Rumble match, after she attacked R-Truth and took his number 30 spot. Despite eliminating Mustafa Ali, Jax was ganged up by Dolph Ziggler, Rey Mysterio and Randy Orton with their finishers, before being eliminated by Mysterio. On February 17, 2019, Jax and Tamina competed in a six-team Elimination Chamber match at the namesake pay-per-view to determine the inaugural holders of the WWE Women's Tag Team Championship, where they eliminated two teams before they themselves were eliminated. In April, at WrestleMania 35, Jax and Tamina took part of a fatal four-way match for the Women's Tag Team Championship, however, the match was won by The IIconics (Billie Kay and Peyton Royce). Shortly after, Jax underwent surgery to repair tears on the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in both of her knees, which was expected to sideline her from in-ring competition for at least nine months.


title: Nia Jax

text: Jax returned from injury on the April 6, 2020 episode of "Raw", defeating Deonna Purrazzo in a squash match. On the May 25 episode of "Raw", Jax defeated Charlotte Flair and Natalya in a triple threat match to challenge Asuka for the Raw Women's Championship at Backlash. At Backlash, Jax and Asuka wrestled to a double countout, therefore Asuka retained the title. The next night on "Raw", Jax challenged Asuka again for the title. During the match, Jax became upset with the referee and pushed him down. The referee was going to disqualify Jax, however, Asuka rolled up the distracted Jax for a fast count to retain the title.


title: Nia Jax

text: In August, she was paired with Shayna Baszler, defeating the WWE Women's Tag Team Champions Bayley and Sasha Banks at Payback to win the title. They lost the title at against the team of Asuka and Charlotte Flair. At Royal Rumble on January 31, 2021, Baszler and Jax defeated Asuka and Flair to became record-tying two-time WWE Women's Tag Team Champions. During their second reign as tag team champions, they had simultaneous feuds with the teams of Naomi and Lana, Mandy Rose and Dana Brooke, and Natalya and Tamina. They defended the title against all of them on different occasions but were victorious in every bout.


title: Nia Jax

text: At WrestleMania 37, Jax and Baszler retained the tag team championship against Natalya and Tamina. On the May 14 episode of "SmackDown", they lost the title to Natalya and Tamina, ending their second reign at 103 days. On the September 20 episode of "Raw", her alliance with Shayna Baszler ended when she was attacked by Baszler after their match against each other. Baszler destroyed her arm by stomping on it while wedged in the steel steps, leaving Jax shrieking and crying while being attended to. After the team disbanded, she asked WWE for time off to take care of her mental health, but on November 4, Jax was released from her WWE contract.


title: Nia Jax

text: Jax was nicknamed "The Irresistible Force" during her time in WWE. She used a Samoan drop named the "Annihilator" as a finisher.


title: Nia Jax

text: Jax received increasing criticism over the years for reports of her being an "unsafe worker". In November 2018, she accidentally punched Becky Lynch in the face during an episode of "Raw" and gave Lynch a broken nose, lacerated face, and concussion. In May 2020, Kairi Sane suffered a cut on her head during a match against Jax after Jax threw her onto the ringside steel steps. Wrestling promoter and manager Jim Cornette attributed incidents involving Jax to her size and suggested that she "can hurt people whether she knows it or not", while fellow professional wrestler Deonna Purrazzo stated that she had "never walked away hurt" after wrestling Jax.


title: Nia Jax

text: As Nia Jax, Fanene is a playable character in the WWE video games "WWE 2K17", "WWE 2K18", "WWE 2K19", "WWE 2K20", "WWE 2K22", and "WWE 2K Battlegrounds".


title: Nia Jax

text: In July 2017, Jax joined the cast of the reality television series "Total Divas" beginning in its seventh season.


title: Nia Jax

text: On August 2, 2014, Fanene and her aunt Ata Maivia-Johnson (the mother of Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson), were hospitalized after being hit head-on by a drunk driver in Clermont, Florida. The driver was subsequently charged with driving under the influence.


title: Priapism

text: Priapism is a condition in which a penis remains erect for hours in the absence of stimulation or after stimulation has ended. There are three types: ischemic (low-flow), nonischemic (high-flow), and recurrent ischemic (intermittent). Most cases are ischemic. Ischemic priapism is generally painful while nonischemic priapism is not. In ischemic priapism, most of the penis is hard; however, the glans penis is not. In nonischemic priapism, the entire penis is only somewhat hard. Very rarely, clitoral priapism occurs in women.


title: Priapism

text: Sickle cell disease is the most common cause of ischemic priapism. Other causes include medications such as antipsychotics, SSRIs, blood thinners and prostaglandin E1, as well as drugs such as cocaine. Ischemic priapism occurs when blood does not adequately drain from the penis. Nonischemic priapism is typically due to a connection forming between an artery and the corpus cavernosum or disruption of the parasympathetic nervous system resulting in increased arterial flow. Nonischemic priapism may occur following trauma to the penis or a spinal cord injury. Diagnosis may be supported by blood gas analysis of blood aspirated from the penis or an ultrasound.


title: Priapism

text: Treatment depends on the type. Ischemic priapism is typically treated with a nerve block of the penis followed by aspiration of blood from the corpora cavernosa. If this is not sufficient, the corpus cavernosum may be irrigated with cold, normal saline or injected with phenylephrine. Nonischemic priapism is often treated with cold packs and compression. Surgery may be done if usual measures are not effective. In ischemic priapism, the risk of permanent scarring of the penis begins to increase after four hours and definitely occurs after 48 hours. Priapism occurs in about 1 in 20,000 to 1 in 100,000 males per year.


title: Priapism

text: Priapism is classified into three groups: ischemic (low-flow), nonischemic (high-flow), and recurrent ischemic. The majority of cases (19 out of 20) are ischemic in nature.


title: Priapism

text: Some sources give a duration of four hours as a definition of priapism, but others give six. "The duration of a normal erection before it is classifiable as priapism is still controversial. Ongoing penile erections for more than 6 hours can be classified as priapism."


title: Priapism

text: Priapism in females (continued, painful erection of the clitoris) is significantly rarer than priapism in men and is known as clitoral priapism or clitorism. It is associated with persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD). Only a few case reports of women experiencing clitoral priapism exist.


title: Priapism

text: Because ischemic priapism causes the blood to remain in the penis for unusually long periods of time, the blood becomes deprived of oxygen, which can cause damage to the penile tissue. Such damage can result in erectile dysfunction or disfigurement of the penis. In extreme cases, if the penis develops severe vascular disease, the priapism can result in penile gangrene.


title: Priapism

text: Causes of low-flow priapism include sickle cell anemia (most common in children), leukemia, and other blood dyscrasias such as thalassemia and multiple myeloma, and the use of various drugs, as well as cancers. A genome-wide association study on Brazilian patients with sickle cell disease identified four single nucleotide polymorphisms in LINC02537 and NAALADL2 significantly associated with priapism.


title: Priapism

text: Other conditions such as Fabry's disease, as well as neurologic disorders such as spinal cord lesions and spinal cord trauma (priapism has been reported in people who have been hanged; see death erection).


title: Priapism

text: Priapism can also be caused by reactions to medications. The most common medications that cause priapism are intra-cavernous injections for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (papaverine, alprostadil). Other medication groups reported are antihypertensives, antipsychotics (e.g., chlorpromazine, clozapine), antidepressants (most notably trazodone), anti-convulsant and mood stabilizer drugs such as sodium valproate. Anticoagulants, cantharides ("Spanish Fly") and recreational drugs (alcohol, heroin and cocaine) have been associated. Priapism is also known to occur from bites of the Brazilian wandering spider.


title: Priapism

text: Blood gas testing the blood from the cavernosa of the penis can help in the diagnosis. If the low-flow type of priapism is present, the blood typically has a low pH, while if the high-flow type is present, the pH is typically normal. Color Doppler ultrasound may also help differentiate the two. Testing a person to make sure they do not have a hemoglobinopathy may also be reasonable.


title: Priapism

text: Penile ultrasonography with Doppler is the imaging method of choice, because it is noninvasive, widely available, and highly sensitive. By means of this method, it is possible to diagnose priapism and differentiate between its low- and high-flow forms.


title: Priapism

text: In low-flow (ischemic) priapism the flow in the cavernous arteries is reduced or absent. As the condition progresses, there is an increase in echogenicity of the corpora cavernosa, attributed to tissue edema. Eventually, changes in the echotexture of the corpora cavernosa can be observed due to the fibrotic transformation generated by tissue anoxia.


title: Priapism

text: In high-flow priapism normal or increased, turbulent blood flow in the cavernous arteries is seen. The area surrounding the fistula presents a hypoechoic, irregular lesion in the cavernous tissue.


title: Priapism

text: Medical evaluation is recommended for erections that last for longer than four hours. Pain can often be reduced with a dorsal penile nerve block or penile ring block. For those with nonischemic priapism, cold packs and pressure to the area may be sufficient.


title: Priapism

text: Orally administered pseudoephedrine is a first-line treatment for priapism. Erection is largely a parasympathetic response, so the sympathetic action of pseudoephedrine may serve to relieve this condition. Pseudoephedrine is an alpha-agonist agent that exerts a constriction effect on smooth muscle of corpora cavernosum, which in turn facilitates venous outflow. Pseudoephedrine is no longer available in some countries.


title: Priapism

text: For those with ischemic priapism, the initial treatment is typically aspiration of blood from the corpus cavernosum. This is done on either side. If this is not sufficiently effective, then cold normal saline may be injected and removed.


title: Priapism

text: If aspiration is not sufficient, a small dose of phenylephrine may be injected into the corpus cavernosum. Side effects of phenylephrine may include: high blood pressure, slow heart rate, and arrhythmia. If this medication is used, it is recommended that people be monitored for at least an hour after. For those with recurrent ischemic priapism, diethylstilbestrol (DES) or terbutaline may be tried.


title: Priapism

text: Distal shunts, such as the Winter's, involve puncturing the glans (the distal part of the penis) into one of the cavernosa, where the old, stagnant blood is held. This causes the blood to leave the penis and return to the circulation. This procedure can be performed by a urologist at the bedside. Winter's shunts are often the first invasive technique used, especially in hematologically induced priapism, as it is relatively simple and repeatable.


title: Priapism

text: Proximal shunts, such as the Quackel's, are more involved and entail operative dissection in the perineum where the corpora meet the spongiosum while making an incision in both and suturing both openings together. Shunts created between the corpora cavernosa and great saphenous vein called a Grayhack shunt can be done though this technique is rarely used.


title: Priapism

text: As the complication rates with prolonged priapism are high, early penile prosthesis implantation may be considered. As well as allowing early resumption of sexual activity, early implantation can avoid the formation of dense fibrosis and, hence, a shortened penis.


title: Priapism

text: In sickle cell anemia, treatment is initially with intravenous fluids, pain medication, and oxygen therapy. The typical treatment of priapism may be carried out as well. Blood transfusions are not usually recommended as part of the initial treatment, but if other treatments are not effective, exchange transfusion may be done.


title: Priapism

text: Persistent semi-erections and intermittent states of prolonged erections have historically been sometimes called semi-priapism.


title: Priapism

text: The name comes from the Greek god Priapus (), a fertility god, often represented with a disproportionately large, permanent erection.


title: Jira (software)

text: Jira ( ) is a proprietary issue tracking product developed by Atlassian that allows bug tracking and agile project management.


title: Jira (software)

text: The product name comes from the second and third syllables of the Japanese word pronounced as "Gojira", which is Japanese for Godzilla. The name originated from a nickname Atlassian developers used to refer to Bugzilla, which was previously used internally for bug-tracking.


title: Jira (software)

text: According to Atlassian, Jira is used for issue tracking and project management by over 180,000 customers in 190 countries. Some of the organizations that have used Jira at some point in time for bug-tracking and project management include Fedora Commons, Hibernate, and the Apache Software Foundation, which uses both Jira and Bugzilla. Jira includes tools allowing migration from competitor Bugzilla.


title: Jira (software)

text: Jira is written in Java and uses the Pico inversion of control container, Apache OFBiz entity engine, and WebWork 1 technology stack. For remote procedure calls (RPCs), Jira has REST, SOAP, and XML-RPC interfaces. Jira integrates with source control programs such as Clearcase, Concurrent Versions System (CVS), Git, Mercurial, Perforce, Subversion, and Team Foundation Server. It ships with various translations including English, French, German, Japanese, and Spanish.


title: Jira (software)

text: Jira implements the Networked Help Desk API for sharing customer support tickets with other issue tracking systems.


title: Jira (software)

text: Jira is a commercial software product that can be licensed for running on-premises or available as a hosted application.


title: Jira (software)

text: Atlassian provides Jira for free to open source projects meeting certain criteria, and to organizations that are non-academic, non-commercial, non-governmental, non-political, non-profit, and secular. For academic and commercial customers, the full source code is available under a developer source license.


title: Jira (software)

text: In April 2010, a cross-site scripting vulnerability in Jira led to the compromise of two Apache Software Foundation servers. The Jira password database was also compromised. The database contained unsalted password hashes, which are vulnerable to rainbow attacks, dictionary lookups and cracking tools. Apache advised users to change their passwords. Atlassian themselves were also targeted as part of the same attack and admitted that a legacy database with passwords stored in plain text had been compromised.


title: Jira (software)

text: When launched in 2002, Jira was purely issue tracking software, targeted at software developers. The app was later adopted by non-IT organizations as a project management tool. The process sped up after the launch of Atlassian Marketplace in 2012, which allowed third-party developers to offer project management plugins for Jira. BigPicture, Advanced Roadmaps (formerly Portfolio), Structure, Tempo Planner and ActivityTimeline are major project management plugins for Jira.


title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

text: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince is a fantasy novel written by British author J.K. Rowling and the sixth and penultimate novel in the "Harry Potter" series. Set during Harry Potter's sixth year at Hogwarts, the novel explores the past of the boy wizard's nemesis, Lord Voldemort, and Harry's preparations for the final battle against Voldemort alongside his headmaster and mentor Albus Dumbledore.


title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

text: The book was published in the United Kingdom by Bloomsbury and in the United States by Scholastic on 16 July 2005, as well as in several other countries. It sold nine million copies in the first 24 hours after its release, a record that was eventually broken by its sequel, "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows". There were many controversies before and after it was published, including the right to read copies delivered before the release date in Canada. Reception to the novel was generally positive, and it won several awards and honours, including the 2006 British Book of the Year award.


title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

text: Reviewers noted that the book took on a darker tone than its predecessors, though it did contain some humour. Some considered the main themes to be love, death, trust, and redemption. The considerable character development of Harry and many other teenage characters also drew attention.


title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

text: Severus Snape, a member of the Order of the Phoenix, meets with Narcissa Malfoy, Draco's mother, and her sister Bellatrix Lestrange, Lord Voldemort's supporter. Narcissa expresses concern that her son may not survive a mission that Voldemort has given him. Snape makes an Unbreakable Vow with Narcissa, swearing to assist Draco.


title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

text: Dumbledore collects Harry Potter to escort him to the Burrow, home of Harry's best friend Ron Weasley. They detour to the home of Horace Slughorn, former Potions teacher at Hogwarts; Harry unwittingly helps persuade Slughorn to return to teaching.


title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

text: While traveling to Hogwarts on the Hogwarts Express, Harry says he suspects Draco is a Death Eater. Harry eavesdrops on Draco, who brags to friends about a mission Voldemort has assigned him. Draco catches Harry, petrifying him and breaking his nose. Nymphadora Tonks finds Harry, repairs his nose and escorts him to Hogwarts. Dumbledore announces that Snape is the new Defence Against the Dark Arts instructor, while Slughorn will teach Potions. Harry finds an old potions textbook, once belonging to "The Half-Blood Prince", an individual who wrote numerous spells and tips in the book. Harry, using the tips in the book, excels in Potions class, winning a bottle of Felix Felicis, or "Liquid Luck". Hermione, however, distrusts the book.


title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

text: Ron and Hermione grow closer, but after learning from his sister Ginny of Hermione's history with Viktor Krum, Ron goes out with Lavender Brown, making Hermione jealous. Harry develops feelings for Ginny, and the two later start a relationship with Ron's approval after a Gryffindor Quidditch victory. Draco grows unhinged throughout the year, acting in increasingly suspicious ways.


title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

text: Meanwhile, to help Harry in his foretold battle with Voldemort, Dumbledore and Harry use the Pensieve to examine memories of people from Voldemort's past. One of the memories involves Slughorn conversing with a young Tom Riddle, but it has been altered, so Dumbledore asks Harry to obtain the real memory from Slughorn. Harry uses Felix Felicis to retrieve the memory, in which Slughorn tells Riddle about the process of splitting one's soul and hiding it in Horcruxes, making the user virtually immortal. Voldemort created seven Horcruxes, which must be destroyed in order to destroy Voldemort himself. Two Horcruxes, Riddle's diary from "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets" and a ring belonging to Voldemort's grandfather, have already been destroyed; four others remain.


title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

text: Near the end of the year, Harry and Dumbledore journey to a cave to retrieve a Horcrux, Slytherin's locket. The locket is in a potion-filled basin in the middle of a lake. To reach the locket, Dumbledore drinks the potion, severely weakening him. After fighting off Inferi hidden in the lake, Harry and Dumbledore take the locket and return to Hogwarts to find the Dark Mark over a school tower. They ascend the tower and are ambushed by Draco, who reveals his mission is to kill Dumbledore and that he helped Death Eaters enter Hogwarts. However, Draco is unable to go through with the mission. Snape arrives, and he kills Dumbledore. Ignoring the battle raging inside Hogwarts, Harry pursues Snape but is defeated by him. Before escaping, Snape reveals he is the Half-Blood Prince.


title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

text: After Dumbledore's funeral, Harry breaks up with Ginny to protect her. He discovers the locket is a fake, containing a note from someone named "R. A. B.". Harry announces his intentions to search for Horcruxes the following year rather than return to Hogwarts. Ron and Hermione vow to join him.


title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

text: "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince" is the sixth book in the Harry Potter series. The first book in the series, "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone", was first published by Bloomsbury in 1997, with an initial print-run of 500 copies in hardback, 300 of which were distributed to libraries. By the end of 1997, the UK edition won a National Book Award and a gold medal in the 9- to 11-year-olds category of the Nestlé Smarties Book Prize. The second book, "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets", was originally published in the UK on 2 July 1998 and in the US on 2 June 1999. "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban" was then published a year later in the UK on 8 July 1999 and in the US on 8 September 1999. "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire" was published on 8 July 2000 at the same time by Bloomsbury and Scholastic. "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix", the longest novel in the Harry Potter series, was released 21 June 2003. After the publishing of "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince", the seventh and final novel, "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows", was released 21 July 2007. The book sold 11 million copies within 24 hours of its release: 2.7 million copies in the UK and 8.3 million in the US.


title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

text: Rowling stated that she had "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince" "planned for years," but she spent two months revisiting her plan before she began writing the story's first draft. This was a lesson learned after she did not check the plan for "Goblet of Fire" and had to rewrite an entire third of the book. She started writing the book before her second child, David, was born, but she took a break to care for him. The first chapter, "The Other Minister", which features meetings between the Muggle Prime Minister, Minister for Magic Cornelius Fudge, and his successor, Rufus Scrimgeour, was a concept Rowling tried to start in "Philosopher's Stone", "Prisoner of Azkaban", and "Order of the Phoenix", but she found "it finally works" in "Half-Blood Prince". She stated that she was "seriously upset" writing the end of the book, although "Goblet of Fire" was the hardest to write. When asked if she liked the book, she responded, "I like it better than I liked "Goblet", "Phoenix" or "Chamber" when I finished them. Book six does what I wanted it to do and even if nobody else likes it (and some won't), I know it will remain one of my favourites of the series. Ultimately you have to please yourself before you please anyone else!"


title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

text: Rowling revealed the title of "Half-Blood Prince" on her website on 24 June 2004. This was the title she had once considered for the second book, "Chamber of Secrets", though she decided the information disclosed belonged later on in the story. On 21 December 2004, she announced she had finished writing it, along with the release date of 16 July. Bloomsbury unveiled the cover on 8 March 2005.


title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

text: The record-breaking publication of "Half-Blood Prince" was accompanied by controversy. In May 2005, bookmakers in the UK suspended bets on which main character would die in the book amid fears of insider knowledge. A number of high-value bets were made on the death of Albus Dumbledore, many coming from the town of Bungay where it was believed the books were being printed at the time. Betting was later reopened. Additionally, in response to Greenpeace's campaign on using forest friendly paper for big-name authors, Bloomsbury published the book on 30% recycled paper.


title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

text: In early July 2005, a Real Canadian Superstore in Coquitlam, British Columbia, Canada, accidentally sold fourteen copies of "The Half-Blood Prince" before the authorised release date. The Canadian publisher, Raincoast Books, obtained an injunction from the Supreme Court of British Columbia that prohibited the purchasers from reading the books before the official release date or discussing the contents. Purchasers were offered Harry Potter T-shirts and autographed copies of the book if they returned their copies before 16 July.


title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

text: On 15 July, less than twelve hours before the book went on sale in the Eastern time zone, Raincoast warned "The Globe and Mail" newspaper that publishing a review from a Canada-based writer at midnight, as the paper had promised, would be seen as a violation of the trade secret injunction. The injunction sparked a number of news articles alleging that the injunction had restricted fundamental rights. Canadian law professor Michael Geist posted commentary on his blog. Richard Stallman called for a boycott and requested the publisher issue an apology. "The Globe and Mail" published a review from two UK-based writers in its 16 July edition and posted the Canadian writer's review on its website at 9:00 that morning. Commentary was also provided on the Raincoast website.


title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

text: Some reviewers noted that "Half-Blood Prince" contained a darker tone than the previous "Potter" novels. "The Christian Science Monitor" reviewer Yvonne Zipp argued the first half contained a lighter tone to soften the unhappy ending. "The Boston Globe" reviewer Liz Rosenberg wrote, "lightness [is] slimmer than ever in this darkening series...[there is] a new charge of gloom and darkness. I felt depressed by the time I was two-thirds of the way through." She also compared the setting to Charles Dickens's depictions of London as it was "brooding, broken, gold-lit, as living a character as any other." Christopher Paolini called the darker tone "disquieting" because it was so different from the earlier books. Liesl Schillinger, a contributor to "The New York Times" book review, also noted that "Half-Blood Prince" was "far darker" but "leavened with humor, romance and snappy dialogue." She suggested a connection to the 11 September attacks, as the later, darker novels were written after that event. David Kipen, a critic of the "San Francisco Chronicle," considered the "darkness as a sign of our paranoid times" and singled out curfews and searches that were part of the tightened security at Hogwarts as resemblances to our world.


title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

text: Julia Keller, a critic for the "Chicago Tribune", highlighted the humour found in the novel and claimed it to be the success of the "Harry Potter" saga. She acknowledged that "the books are dark and scary in places" but "no darkness in "Half-Blood Prince"...is so immense that it cannot be rescued by a snicker or a smirk." She considered that Rowling was suggesting difficult times can be worked through with imagination, hope, and humour and compared this concept to works such as Madeleine L'Engle's "A Wrinkle in Time" and Kenneth Grahame's "The Wind in the Willows".


title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

text: Rosenberg wrote that the two main themes of "Half-Blood Prince" were love and death and praised Rowling's "affirmation of their central position in human lives." She considered love to be represented in several forms: the love of parent to child, teacher to student, and the romances that developed between the main characters. Zipp noted trust and redemption to be themes promising to continue in the final book, which she thought "would add a greater layer of nuance and complexity to some characters who could sorely use it." Deepti Hajela also pointed out Harry's character development, that he was "no longer a boy wizard; he's a young man, determined to seek out and face a young man's challenges." Paolini had similar views, claiming, "the children have changed...they act like real teenagers."


title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

text: "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince" was met with positive reviews. Liesl Schillinger of "The New York Times" praised the novel's various themes and suspenseful ending. However, she considered Rowling's gift "not so much for language as for characterisation and plotting." "Kirkus Reviews" said it "will leave readers pleased, amused, excited, scared, infuriated, delighted, sad, surprised, thoughtful and likely wondering where Voldemort has got to, since he appears only in flashbacks." They considered Rowling's "wry wit" to turn into "outright merriment" but called the climax "tragic, but not uncomfortably shocking." Yvonne Zipp of "The Christian Science Monitor" praised the way Rowling evolved Harry into a teenager and how the plot threads found as far back as "Chamber of Secrets" came into play. On the other hand, she noted it "gets a little exposition-heavy in spots," and older readers may have seen the ending coming.


title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

text: "The Boston Globe" correspondent Liz Rosenberg wrote, "The book bears the mark of genius on every page" and praised the imagery and darker tone of the book, considering that the series could be crossing over from fantasy to horror. The Associated Press writer Deepti Hajela praised the newfound emotional tones and ageing Harry to the point at which "younger fans may find [the series] has grown up too much." Emily Green, a staff writer for the "Los Angeles Times", was generally positive about the book but was concerned whether young children could handle the material. Cultural critic Julia Keller of the "Chicago Tribune" called it the "most eloquent and substantial addition to the series thus far" and considered the key to the success of the "Potter" novels to be humour.


title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

text: "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince" won several awards, including the 2006 British Book of the Year Award and the 2006 Royal Mail Award for Scottish Children's Books for ages 8–12 in its native United Kingdom. In the United States, the American Library Association listed it among its 2006 Best Books for Young Adults. It won both the 2005 reader-voted Quill Awards for Best Book of the Year and Best Children's Book. It also won the Oppenheim Toy Portfolio Platinum Seal for notable book.


title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

text: Before publication, 1.4 million pre-orders were placed for "Half-Blood Prince" on Amazon.com, breaking the record held by the previous novel, "Order of the Phoenix", with 1.3 million. The initial print run for "Half-Blood Prince" was a record-breaking 10.8 million. Within the first 24 hours after release, the book sold 9 million copies worldwide: 2 million in the UK and about 6.9 million in the US, which prompted Scholastic to rush an additional 2.7 million copies into print. Within the first nine weeks of publication, 11 million copies of the US edition were reported to have been sold. The US audiobook, read by Jim Dale, set sales records with 165,000 sold over two days, besting the adaptation of "Order of the Phoenix" by twenty percent.


title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

text: "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince" was published simultaneously in the UK, US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. Along with the rest of the books in the Harry Potter series, it was eventually translated into 67 languages. However, because of high security surrounding the manuscript, translators did not get to start on translating "Half-Blood Prince" until its English release date, and the earliest were not expected to be released until the fall of 2005. In Germany, a group of "hobby translators" translated the book via the internet less than two days after release, long before German translator Klaus Fritz could translate and publish the book.


title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

text: Since its wide hardcover release on 16 July 2005, "Half-Blood Prince" was released as a paperback on 23 June 2006 in the UK. Two days later on 25 July, the paperback edition was released in Canada and the US, where it had an initial print run of 2 million copies. To celebrate the release of the American paperback edition, Scholastic held a six-week sweepstakes event in which participants in an online poll were entered to win prizes. Simultaneous to the original hardcover release was the UK adult edition that featured a new cover and was also released as a paperback on 23 June. Also released on 16 July was the Scholastic "Deluxe Edition," which featured reproductions of Mary GrandPré's artwork and had a print run of about 100,000 copies. Bloomsbury later released a paperback "Special Edition" on 6 July 2009 and a "Signature Edition" paperback on 1 November 2010.


title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

text: The film adaptation of the sixth book was originally scheduled to be released on 21 November 2008 but was changed to 15 July 2009. Directed by David Yates, the screenplay was adapted by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman and David Barron. The film grossed over $934 million worldwide, which made it the second-highest-grossing film of 2009 worldwide and the fifteenth-highest of all time. Additionally, "Half-Blood Prince" gained an Academy Award nomination for Best Cinematography.


title: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

text: A video game adaptation of the book was developed by EA Bright Light Studio and published by Electronic Arts in 2009. The game was available on the Microsoft Windows, Nintendo DS, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, Wii, Xbox 360, and macOS platforms.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: The Defenders are a set of superhero groups with rotating membership appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. They are usually presented as a "non-team" of individualistic "outsiders" who, in their prior adventures, are known for following their own agendas. The team often battle mystic and supernatural threats.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: Its original incarnation was led by Doctor Strange and included Hulk, Namor, and—eventually—Silver Surfer. They first appeared as the Defenders in "Marvel Feature" #1 (Dec. 1971).


title: Defenders (comics)

text: The group had a rotating line-up from 1972 until 1986, with Dr. Strange and the Hulk being usually constant members along with a number of other mainstays such as Valkyrie, Nighthawk, Hellcat, Gargoyle, Beast, the Son of Satan and Luke Cage, and many temporary members. The publication was retitled near the end of the run as "The New Defenders" but featured none of the original members and only Valkyrie, Beast and the Gargoyle of the former long-term members. The concept was modified in the 1993–95 series "Secret Defenders," in which Dr. Strange assembled different teams for each individual mission. The original team was reunited in a short-lived 2001 series by Kurt Busiek and Erik Larsen. In 2005 Marvel published a five-issue miniseries featuring the classic line-up by J. M. DeMatteis, Keith Giffen and Kevin Maguire. In December 2011 writer Matt Fraction and artist Terry Dodson launched a "Defenders" series with a mixture of classic and new members, which lasted for 12 issues.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: A television miniseries "The Defenders" premiered in 2017 on Netflix, with the team consisting of Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Luke Cage, and Iron Fist.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: The origin of the Defenders lies in two crossover story arcs by Roy Thomas prior to the official founding of the team. The first, in "Doctor Strange" #183 (November 1969), "Sub-Mariner" #22 (February 1970), and "The Incredible Hulk" #126 (April 1970) occurred due to the "Dr. Strange" series being canceled in the middle of a story arc, leaving Thomas no choice but to resolve the storyline in other series that he wrote. In the story, Dr. Strange teams with Sub-Mariner and the Hulk to protect the Earth from invasion by Lovecraftian interplanar beings known as the Undying Ones and their leader, the Nameless One. Barbara Norriss, later the host of the Valkyrie, first appears in this story. In the second arc, featured in "Sub-Mariner" #34–35 (February–March 1971), Namor enlists the aid of the Silver Surfer and the Hulk to stop a potentially devastating weather control experiment, inadvertently freeing a small island nation from a dictator and facing the Avengers under the name of the "Titans Three".


title: Defenders (comics)

text: The Defenders first appeared as a feature in "Marvel Feature" #1 (December 1971), where the founding members gather to battle the alien techno-wizard Yandroth and remain as a team afterward. Editor Stan Lee, wanting to write all of the Silver Surfer's stories personally, had asked other writers not to use the character, and suggested that Thomas use Doctor Strange instead. Thomas has also speculated that Lee came up with the team's name: "The 'Defenders' is far too passive a name for my taste. I prefer more aggressive-sounding names like the 'Avengers' or the 'Invaders,' so Stan probably came up with that one." Due to the popularity of their tryout in "Marvel Feature", Marvel soon began publishing "The Defenders" with Steve Englehart writing and Sal Buscema penciling, while Thomas moved into the editor's seat. Despite Lee's continuing edict on the use of the Silver Surfer, he approved Englehart's pitch to include the Silver Surfer in the story.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: Valkyrie was introduced to the team in issue #4 (February 1973). Writer Steve Englehart has stated that he added the Valkyrie to the Defenders "to provide some texture to the group." Englehart wrote "The Avengers–Defenders War" crossover in "The Avengers" #116–118 (October–December 1973) and "The Defenders" #9–11 (October–December 1973), leaving "The Defenders" afterwards because he "didn't want to keep doing two team books at the same time." Len Wein briefly wrote the series and introduced such characters as Alpha the Ultimate Mutant and the Wrecking Crew. Wein also added Nighthawk to the cast because, in his words, doing so "gave me a character to play with who didn't have a whole lot of previous history ... [a] character I could do anything I wanted to without worrying about how it would affect any other titles that character might appear in." He later became the editor for several issues.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: Steve Gerber first worked on the characters in "Giant-Size Defenders" #3 (January 1975) and became the writer of the main title with issue #20 the following month. He wrote the series until issue #41 (November 1976). Part of Gerber's oeuvre was reviving forgotten characters; he brought back three pre-Marvel characters, now organized as the Headmen, as well as the Guardians of the Galaxy. The Defenders met Gerber's Howard the Duck in "Marvel Treasury Edition" #12 (1976). In 2010, Comics Bulletin ranked Gerber and Sal Buscema's run on "The Defenders" first on its list of the "Top 10 1970s Marvels". Buscema's long run ended with #41, and he was replaced by Keith Giffen.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: Due to Marvel's shuffling of editors-in-chief, a brief run by Gerry Conway abruptly ended in mid-production on issue #45. David Anthony Kraft and Roger Slifer volunteered to write the series, but issue #45 had no written plot, having been drawn by Giffen following a story conference with Conway. Kraft and Slifer were unable to contact either Conway or Giffen, and so had to puzzle out Conway's plot from the unscripted artwork.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: David Anthony Kraft's run as writer included "The Scorpio Saga" (issues #46, 48–50) and the "Xenogenesis: Day of the Demons" storyline (issues #58–60). The "Defenders for a Day" storyline in issues #62–64 saw dozens of new applicants attempting to join the Defenders, as well as a number of villains attempting to present themselves as Defenders members in order to confuse the authorities and the public as they commit robberies. Kraft later recalled that reactions to the story's off-beat humor were polarized: "readers were either wildly enthusiastic or absolutely and "very" utterly appalled." Kraft and artist Ed Hannigan explained some of the Valykrie's backstory in "The Defenders" #66–68 (December 1978 – February 1979). At Kraft's request, Hannigan helped write issue #67 but found that he could not handle both writing and artwork at once, and so transitioned to being just the series's writer with the following issue.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: Steven Grant wrote a conclusion to Steve Gerber's "Omega the Unknown" series in two issues of "The Defenders", at the end of which most of the original series' characters were killed. While Gerber seemed unhappy with Grant's conclusion, it nevertheless tied up the loose ends of the comic series, and is considered "canon" by Marvel.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: Writer J. M. DeMatteis took over the series with issue #92. Coming from a background of writing eight-page horror shorts for DC Comics, DeMatteis found it a struggle to adapt to writing a 22-page superhero comic on a monthly basis. He and Mark Gruenwald co-wrote "The Defenders" #107–109 (May–July 1982), which resolved remaining plot points from the Valkyrie story by Kraft and Hannigan published three years earlier. While working on the series, DeMatteis developed a strong friendship with penciler Don Perlin, who would draw the series for nearly half its run. Perlin later commented, "It turned out to be a real fun book because you got a chance to draw almost every character Marvel had at one time or another." He has also stated that Kim DeMulder, who inked issues #122-144 apart from a few fill-ins, is his preferred inker after himself.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: Suffering from creative burnout on the series, DeMatteis felt a change was needed. As of issue #125, "The Defenders" was retitled to "The New Defenders" as the original four members (Doctor Strange, the Silver Surfer, the Hulk, and Namor) are forced to leave the team, in response to an alien prophecy that states that these four, operating as a group, would be responsible for destroying the world. While The Beast reforms the team as an official superhero team complete with government clearance. The "New Defenders" concept provided a substantial boost to the series's sales, but left DeMatteis in a creative drought, as he realized in retrospect that "...I created a book that was exactly the kind of the thing that I hated to write. I made it into a standard superhero team..."


title: Defenders (comics)

text: DeMatteis stayed on for only six issues of "The New Defenders" before turning it over to writer Peter Gillis, whose run was marked by shorter, more personal stories. Gillis recounted, "I had been working for a while at Marvel, and was constantly pumping for more work, and specifically a series of my own. So when I heard DeMatteis was leaving "Defenders", I was in [editor] Carl Potts' office like a shot, and I got the gig."


title: Defenders (comics)

text: Though the series remained a modest hit through the Gillis/Perlin run, it was cancelled to make room in Marvel's production schedule for the New Universe line. Perlin recounted that Potts tried to soften the blow by telling him and Gillis the news while treating them to lunch at an Indian restaurant. The final issue was "The New Defenders" #152. In the final issue, several members (Gargoyle, Moondragon and Valkyrie), plus allies (Andromeda, Manslaughter, Interloper) seemingly die in battle with the Dragon of the Moon controlling Moondragon. The remaining mutant members leave the team to join X-Factor. Gillis has claimed that killing off the other members of the group was a directive from the editorial staff to free up the surviving members for usage in "X-Factor", pointing out that he shortly after revived several of these seemingly-deceased members in issues of "Solo Avengers", in "Strange Tales" vol. 2 #5–7, followed by issues #3–4 of the relaunched "Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme" series.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: In 1990, the original trio reunited in "The Incredible Hulk" #370–371, in which it was revealed that the prophecy was a hoax. The originals then rejoined with the Silver Surfer in a story entitled "The Return of the Defenders" running in "The Incredible Hulk Annual" #18, "Namor the Sub-Mariner Annual" #2, "Silver Surfer Annual" #5, and "Dr. Strange, Sorcerer Supreme Annual" #2.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: In 1993, Marvel sought to revive the "Defenders" brand as "The Secret Defenders". The new team first appeared, unofficially, in "Dr. Strange" #50 and later "Fantastic Four" #374, before being officially introduced in "Secret Defenders" #1. The series' premise originally was that Doctor Strange would organize various teams of heroes for certain missions, with him as the leader. Members included Wolverine, Darkhawk, Spider-Woman, Spider-Man, Hulk, Ghost Rider, and others. This lasted for the first several months of the title, before Doctor Strange was removed from the book, due to the character being reassigned to the "Midnight Sons" line at Marvel. After an arc where the supervillain Thanos organized a team of "Secret Defenders" for a mission, leadership of the Secret Defenders passed to Doctor Druid and the series itself abandoned the revolving-door roster in favor of Druid and the Cognoscenti. The series was canceled with "Secret Defenders" #25.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: In 2001–02, the Defenders reunited in "Defenders" (vol. 2) #1–12 created by Kurt Busiek and Erik Larsen, immediately followed by "The Order" #1–6, in which Yandroth manipulated Gaea into "cursing" the primary four Defenders (Doctor Strange, the Sub-Mariner, the Hulk, and the Silver Surfer) so that they would be summoned to major crisis situations. These members were then mind controlled by Yandroth into forming the world-dominating "Order"; once the Order were freed from this control by their fellow heroes (including their teammates Hellcat, Nighthawk, and Valkyrie), the Defenders apparently disbanded. A fill-in issue set between these two series was published in 2011.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: A "Defenders" five-issue miniseries debuted in July 2005, by Keith Giffen, J. M. DeMatteis, and Kevin Maguire (as a team, best known for their work on DC's Justice League franchise), featuring Doctor Strange attempting to reunite the original four Defenders to battle Dormammu and Umar. This series focuses mostly on humor as the characters spend most of their time arguing with and criticizing one another. The series was later collected into both hardcover and trade paperback collections, entitled "Defenders: Indefensible".


title: Defenders (comics)

text: In 2008, Joe Casey wrote a new miniseries with a new line-up of Defenders as a result of the Super-Human Registration Act and the events of the Civil War. Nighthawk wanted a team made up of previous Defenders such as Hellcat and Devil Slayer but Tony Stark (Iron Man) makes the decision to select other heroes for the team. The line-up is led by Nighthawk, with Blazing Skull, Colossus, and She-Hulk as members. The Defenders are assigned to New Jersey under the Fifty State Initiative, because the proximity to New York City demands more experienced heroes than can just be recruited from the ranks of Camp Hammond. The team is disbanded for incompetence but Richmond eventually founds a team outside the Initiative with the Son of Satan, She-Hulk, Krang, and Nighthawk (S.H.I.E.L.D. agent Joaquin Pennyworth). The team reappears in the mini-series "Vengeance" (2011).


title: Defenders (comics)

text: In the 2009 ongoing "Hulk" series (Issues #10–12), Red Hulk assembles a counter team of supervillains called the Offenders, which includes Baron Mordo, Terrax the Tamer, and Tiger Shark, and fights past versions of their enemies.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: During the 2011 "Fear Itself" storyline, Doctor Strange forms a new version of the Defenders with Lyra (daughter of Hulk), Namor, Loa (a student of the X-Men), and the Silver Surfer to confront Attuma who has become Nerkkod, Breaker of Oceans. Many past Defenders appear in the last issue.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: Marvel launched a new "Defenders" series in December 2011, written by Matt Fraction and drawn by Terry Dodson. The new book features Doctor Strange, Red She-Hulk, Namor, the Silver Surfer and Iron Fist. The new series follows the reunion of the Defenders in "Fear Itself: The Deep". During the battle against the Death Celestials the characters Black Cat, Nick Fury, and Ant-Man join the team. The series was cancelled at issue #12. Despite the prophecy supposedly being a hoax, the central storyline of the series involves a reunion of the original four Defenders setting off a chain of events leading to the destruction of the universe. In the final issue, Dr. Strange changes the past so that the reunion never happens, thus erasing all the events of the series.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: February 2013 saw the debut of "The Fearless Defenders", a series written by Cullen Bunn with artwork by Will Sliney. Bunn said that he had wanted to write the series, which centers on a new team of Valkyrior, led by Valkyrie and Misty Knight, after writing "Fear Itself: The Fearless". It was suggested to him that it should run as a Defenders title, however Bunn explained that beyond the name there is "little connection" to the Defenders.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: In August 2017, Marvel launched a new Defenders comic book series starring Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Luke Cage and Iron Fist, based on the Netflix incarnation of the team.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: During the "Secret Empire" storyline, the Defenders were seen fighting the villains that were on a rampage for what happened in Pleasant Hill. They were defeated when Nitro exploded.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: 2018 saw a new five part crossover storyline involving the "Big Four" members of the team. Published throughout December, the plot features separate issues all sub-titled "The Best Defense" in Immortal Hulk, Namor, Doctor Strange and Silver Surfer which culminates in a final issue under the banner of The Defenders. Announced on August 24, 2018, the creative teams were respectively:


title: Defenders (comics)

text: In August 2021, Marvel launched a new Defenders series. Written by Al Ewing with art by Javier Rodriguez, this new version of the team features Doctor Strange, Silver Surfer, Masked Raider, Red Harpy and Cloud.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: Before the publication of the fifth and final issue of the 2021 series it was teased that the team would be returning after a short break in summer 2022 for another five part run. Following a message from beyond the grave from Doctor Strange, a new team is assembled featuring Blue Marvel, America Chavez, Taaia (the mother of Galactus), Tigra, and Loki (a variant of the God of Mischief) to tackle a new cosmic threat.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: Defenders membership was fluid, yet a few members were relatively constant: the three founders (Doctor Strange, Namor the Sub-Mariner, and the Hulk), the Silver Surfer, the Valkyrie, Nighthawk, the Hellcat, and the Gargoyle. Membership was clearer in the New Defenders era when the team was more formally organized.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: This group's composition was even more fluid than that of the original Defenders, but typically included either Doctor Strange or Doctor Druid as leader, joined by a custom selection of heroes chosen for the mission at hand. At various times, War Machine, Darkhawk, Thunderstrike, Wolverine, the second Spider-Woman, Ant-Man, Iceman, Nomad, and many others were members. At the end of its existence, the group had a somewhat regular composition, including Cadaver, Sepulchre, Joshua Pryce, and Doctor Druid.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: In the Ultimate Marvel universe, the Defenders are a group of amateur vigilantes who dress up as superheroes. None of them have superpowers, although they claim to be experienced in crimefighting. Henry Pym is invited to join them, and he accepts, adopting a new identity, Ant-Man, to avoid the potential legal problems of using his growth serum, as it has become the official property of the government. Their members include Ultimate versions of Power Man, Hellcat, Nighthawk, Valkyrie, Black Knight, Son of Satan and Whiz-Kid. The Ultimate Defenders are much more interested in becoming celebrities rather than actually stopping crimes or saving lives.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: Since "The Ultimates" (vol. 3), Pym has rejoined the Ultimates, and the Valkyrie was rewritten as having powers and skills akin to her Earth-616 counterpart, along with expertise in sword fighting, some degree of enhanced strength, and training by Thor.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: The Defenders return in "" #1 (May 2010) with the original members now possessing superhuman abilities that fit their namesakes. It is revealed that Loki gave them these powers (Valkyrie included), to steal Thor's enchanted hammer Mjolnir.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: Following Wolverine's murder of Hank Pym during the "Age of Ultron" to keep Ultron from being created, a splinter timeline called Earth-26111 is created. In the new timeline, the Defenders became the world's premier superhero team after the disbanding of the Avengers. The new Defenders line-up consisted of Doctor Strange, Captain America, Wolverine, Janet Van Dyne as Captain Marvel, Thing, Scott Summers as Cable, Hulk, and Star-Lord. The group is a resistance against Morgan le Fay who has conquered half of Earth.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: In the "Iron Man: Fatal Frontier" storyline taking place on Earth-10429, a version of the Defenders consisting of Captain America, the Hulk, and Thor encountered Rescue, this reality's version of Ho Yinsen. After a brief fight over a misunderstanding, Rescue joins up with the Defenders.


title: Defenders (comics)

text: The "Justice League" two-part episode "The Terror Beyond" features Doctor Fate, Aquaman, Solomon Grundy, and Hawkgirl banding together to fight an ancient supernatural entity called Icthulhu. According to Bruce Timm, the team was meant to be an explicit homage to the Defenders, with each member paralleling a different Marvel hero (Doctor Fate / Doctor Strange, Aquaman / Namor, Solomon Grundy / Hulk, and Hawkgirl / Nighthawk). This homage is taken further in the "Justice League Unlimited" episode "Wake the Dead", wherein Amazo joins the group as an apparent analogue of the Silver Surfer.


title: Sean Connery filmography

text: Sir Sean Connery (1930–2020) was a Scottish film actor and producer. He was the first actor to portray the literary character James Bond in a theatrical film, starring in six EON Bond films between 1962 and 1971, and again in another non-EON Bond film in 1983. He was also known for his roles as Jimmy Malone in "The Untouchables" (1987), for which he won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor; Mark Rutland in "Marnie" (1964); Juan Sánchez Villa-Lobos Ramírez in "Highlander" (1986); Henry Jones, Sr. in "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade" (1989); Captain Marko Aleksandrovich Ramius in "The Hunt for Red October" (1990); and Allan Quatermain in "The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen" (2003); Along with his Academy Award, he won two BAFTA Awards, three Golden Globes, and a Henrietta Award.


title: Luigi

text: Luigi first appeared in the 1983 Game & Watch game "Mario Bros.", where he is the character controlled by the second player. He would retain this role in many future games, including "Mario Bros.", "Super Mario Bros.", "Super Mario Bros. 3", "Super Mario World", among other titles. He was first available as a primary character in "Super Mario Bros. 2". In more recent appearances, Luigi's role became increasingly restricted to spinoffs, such as the "Mario Party" and "Mario Kart" series; however, he has been featured in a starring role in "Luigi's Hammer Toss", "Mario is Missing", "Luigi's Mansion", "", "Dr. Luigi", "New Super Luigi U", "Luigi's Mansion Arcade", and "Luigi's Mansion 3". In most of said games, he is called upon to act as the hero because Mario is in need of rescue. Luigi has also appeared in every episode of the three DiC TV series based on the NES and Super NES games.


title: Luigi

text: Originally developed as a palette swap of Mario with a green color scheme instead of red, Luigi has since developed a personality and style of his own. As his role in the "Mario" series progressed, Luigi evolved into a physically distinct character, and was made taller and thinner than his brother. Nintendo called the period of March 2013 to March 2014 the Year of Luigi to commemorate the thirtieth anniversary of the character's existence. Correspondingly, games released in 2013 emphasized Luigi. An unlockable Luigi-themed version of "Mario Bros.", titled "Luigi Bros.", was also included with "Super Mario 3D World".


title: Luigi

text: The events leading to Luigi's creation began in 1982, during the development of "Donkey Kong", where Shigeru Miyamoto had created Mario (then known as "Jumpman"), hoping that he would be able to recast the character in a variety of roles in future games. Miyamoto was inspired by "Joust" to create a game with a simultaneous two-player mode, which led to his development of the game "Mario Bros." in 1983. In that game, Luigi was given the role of Mario's brother as the second playable character. Miyamoto observed that the Japanese word "ruiji" means "similar", thus explaining the similarities in size, shape, and gameplay of Luigi to Mario.


title: Luigi

text: While Miyamoto originally portrayed Mario as a carpenter in "Donkey Kong", both Mario and Luigi were styled as Italian plumbers in "Mario Bros.", on the suggestion of a colleague. Software constraints at the time of the respective game's origins meant that Luigi's first appearance was restricted to a simple palette swap. In terms of graphics and gameplay, the characters were completely identical; the green color scheme adopted for Luigi remained one of his defining physical characteristics in subsequent releases.


title: Luigi

text: After the success of "Mario Bros.", Luigi was introduced to a wider audience in 1985 with the release of the console game "Super Mario Bros." Once again, his role was restricted to a palette swap and could only be used by the second player. The Japanese version of "Super Mario Bros. 2" in 1986, later released in the west as "", marked the beginning of Luigi's development toward becoming a more distinguished character. Luigi's movement was no longer identical; he could now jump higher and farther than his brother, at the expense of movement response and precision.


title: Luigi

text: While this version of "Super Mario Bros. 2" was released in Japan, it was deemed to be too difficult for American audiences at the time. Consequently, In 1988, an alternative release was developed to serve as "Super Mario Bros. 2" for Western players (and later released in Japan as "Super Mario USA"); this version played a key role in shaping Luigi's current appearance. The game was a conversion of "", with the graphics altered to represent characters and scenes from the "Mario" franchise. In this release, the character of "Mama", who had the highest jump among the original cast, served as the template for Luigi, resulting in his taller, thinner look, combined with his Mario-esque outfit and boasting green color scheme. There were earlier appearances of Luigi being taller than Mario: in "" and in ""; in the previously mentioned anime he wore a yellow shirt, a blue hat, and blue overalls. Promotional artwork for "Super Mario Bros. 3" and "Super Mario World" depict Luigi with this new look, but the actual games did not adapt this different character design until the 1992 game "Super Mario Kart". Luigi's distinctive appearance from "Super Mario USA" has been used ever since, even for remakes of older games.


title: Luigi

text: Much like his appearance, Luigi's vocal portrayal has fluctuated over the years. "Mario Kart 64", in which many characters were voiced for the first time, some characters, including Luigi, had two different voices; the North American and European versions of the game feature a low-pitched voice for Luigi, provided by Charles Martinet, who also voices Mario, Wario, and Waluigi. The Japanese version uses a high-pitched, falsetto voice, provided by the then French translator at Nintendo Julien Bardakoff. Inconsistent voice acting continued with many Nintendo 64 games; all versions of "Mario Party" feature Bardakoff's high-pitched clips from "Mario Kart 64". Luigi retained this higher voice in "Mario Party 2". In "Mario Golf", "Mario Tennis", and "Mario Party 3", his voice returned to a lower state. Since then, with the exceptions of "" and "Super Smash Bros. Melee", Luigi has consistently had a medium-pitched voice, performed by Martinet. In "Mario Kart: Super Circuit", Luigi's voice was the same high pitched voice from the Japanese version of "Mario Kart 64". In "Super Smash Bros." and "Super Smash Bros. Melee", Luigi's voice is made up of clips from Mario's voice taken from "Super Mario 64", with raised pitches. In "Super Smash Bros. Brawl", "Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U", and "Super Smash Bros. Ultimate", he has his own voice (which is medium-pitched) instead of a pitched-up version of Mario's. Luigi will be voiced by Charlie Day in the upcoming 2023 film adaptation.


title: Luigi

text: Luigi is portrayed as the taller, younger brother of Mario, and is usually seen dressed in a green shirt, dark blue overalls, and a green hat with a green "L" insignia. Although Luigi is a plumber like Mario, other facets of his personality vary from game to game; Luigi always seems nervous and timid, but is good-natured and can keep his temper better than his brother. A baby version of the character named Baby Luigi debuted in "", who is held captive by Kamek. He also appeared in "" as a playable character along with Baby Mario. He is voiced by Charles Martinet, just like his adult self. Being the younger twin of Mario, Luigi is presumed to be also 24 years old.


title: Luigi

text: While it has not been made official, Daisy may be Luigi's romantic interest. They were a romantic couple in the "Super Mario Bros." film and in "Mario Kart Wii" they are seen in statue dancing together. She was his caddy in "NES Open Tournament Golf" as Peach was to Mario. Also on Daisy's trophy in "Super Smash Bros. Melee", it says that she is possibly Luigi's answer to Mario's Peach.


title: Luigi

text: Nintendo did not initially give Luigi a surname. The first notable use of "Luigi Mario" was in the 1993 live-action film adaptation. In September 2015, at the "Super Mario Bros." 30th Anniversary festival, Miyamoto stated that Mario's full name was Mario Mario. As a result, this indirectly confirms Luigi's full name to be Luigi Mario.


title: Luigi

text: Luigi's first appearance was in the 1983 arcade game "Mario Bros." as the character controlled by the second player. He retained this role in "Wrecking Crew". He later appeared in "Super Mario Bros." for the NES, and again in "", "Super Mario Bros. 2", "Super Mario Bros. 3", and "Super Mario World". "Super Mario Bros. 2" introduced Luigi as the taller of the two brothers, as well as the better jumper. "Super Mario Bros. 3", and "Super Mario World" returned to featuring Luigi as a reskinned Mario. He made a minor appearance in his baby form in "". Luigi was conspicuously absent in "Super Mario 64" and "Super Mario Sunshine". However, the Nintendo DS remake of "Super Mario 64" features him as a playable character alongside Mario, Yoshi, and Wario. He received his own starring role in the GameCube game "Luigi's Mansion", where he wins a mansion from a contest he never entered, and saves Mario from King Boo. "Luigi's Mansion" has cultivated such a cult following that Nintendo made a sequel to the game nearly a decade after the original game's release date. The sequel is called "" and is playable on the Nintendo 3DS. He reprised his role in the third game, "Luigi's Mansion 3", on Nintendo Switch.


title: Luigi

text: Luigi has been associated with the more difficult second acts of multiple "Super Mario" games. These include "The Lost Levels", "Super Mario Galaxy 2", "New Super Luigi U" and the new game plus in "Super Mario 3D Land", which offer more challenging elaborations on their respective predecessors and allow the player to use Luigi as the main character, with whom reduced friction and higher jumping is consistent in all of these games. Luigi became playable in the Nintendo DS game "New Super Mario Bros." as a hidden character, and as a hidden character in the Wii game "Super Mario Galaxy". In its sequel, "Super Mario Galaxy 2", the player can switch out for Luigi throughout the game. He also appears as a playable character in "New Super Mario Bros. Wii", where four players can play at once cooperatively as Mario, Luigi, and two Toads. He also appears in "Super Mario 3D Land" as a playable character as well as "New Super Mario Bros. 2" and "New Super Mario Bros. U", the latter having a DLC mode, where he is the main character, called "New Super Luigi U". It has levels altered to his specific play abilities, including higher jumping. The DLC is also available as a standalone retail version. Luigi also appeared in "Super Mario 3D World" along with his brother, Peach, Rosalina and Toad.


title: Luigi

text: Luigi appears in many of the "Mario" spin-offs, including "Mario Kart", "Mario Party", and all of the "Mario" sports titles. He also appears in all five installments of the "Super Smash Bros." series; in the first three installments and "Ultimate", he is an unlockable character.


title: Luigi

text: Luigi has appeared in every "Mario" role-playing game. While he originally made a cameo appearance in the end credits of "Super Mario RPG", he appears more prominently in the "Paper Mario" series. He is a non-playable character in the original "Paper Mario". In the sequel "", he appears yet again as a non-player character, going on a separate adventure from Mario's. "Super Paper Mario" features him as a playable character after he is initially brainwashed into working for the antagonist under the name "Mr. L." In "" and "", Luigi plays a minor role and can be found in the background of certain levels for a coin reward. In "Color Splash", Luigi appears at the end of the game driving a kart and helps Mario reach Bowser's Castle. In "", he once again helps Mario by retrieving the keys of Peach's Castle himself. The "Mario & Luigi" series features Luigi as a main protagonist; the events of the games focus on him and his brother Mario. He has appeared in all seven "Mario & Luigi" games.


title: Luigi

text: Luigi made his animated debut in the 1986 film "". In the film, where he was voiced by Yū Mizushima, he was not yet given a consistent color scheme, sporting a yellow shirt and a blue hat and overalls. In the film, Luigi was a greedy character, and even left Mario at one point to look for coins. He was also a little more serious, but less courageous, than his brother Mario, who constantly daydreamed about Princess Peach.


title: Luigi

text: Luigi later made an appearance in the third of a trilogy of OVA's entitled "" released in 1989, in which the Mario characters acted out the story of Snow White. He appears at the end of the video to save Mario and Peach from the Wicked Queen, portrayed by Koopa.


title: Luigi

text: Luigi regularly appeared in "The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!", airing from 1989 to 1990, which cast Danny Wells as both his live-action portrayal and voice. Like his brother, Luigi's voice actor changed in later cartoons, in his case to Tony Rosato. Even though he was not the starring character in the show, Luigi appeared in all 91 episodes of the three DiC Mario cartoons, in one of which his brother himself did not appear ("Life's Ruff" from "The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3").


title: Luigi

text: Luigi played a different role in the "Super Mario Bros." film, where he was portrayed by John Leguizamo. He is depicted as a more easy-going character in contrast to the cynical Mario, portrayed by Bob Hoskins. In the film, Luigi is not Mario's twin, but is much younger to the point that Mario is said to have been like a surrogate father to him since their parents' deaths, and his romantic relationship with Daisy is one of the film's main plot elements. He will be voiced by Charlie Day in the upcoming 2023 film adaptation.


title: Luigi

text: Luigi has also appeared in several "Robot Chicken" sketches, always alongside Mario. In one sketch, he and Mario accidentally appear in , from the "Grand Theft Auto" series, while another features them competing in a "Cannonball Run"-styled car race.


title: Luigi

text: In 2015, game designer Josh Millard released "Ennuigi" which relates the story of Luigi's inability to come to terms with the lack of narrative in the original "Super Mario Bros". Reception regarding Luigi's character in "Ennuigi" ranged from "depressed", "laconic", "perpetually miserable", to "an angsty teenager who just finished writing a book report about Albert Camus' "The Stranger"." In a Reddit thread, Millard commented "I [...] think it's a pretty weird implied narrative once you step back and look at it, and enjoyed funneling some thoughts about all that into a recharacterization of Luigi as a guy who's as legitimately confused and distressed by his strange life as you'd expect a person to be once removed from the bubble of cartoony context of the franchise."


title: Luigi

text: On March 19, 2013, Nintendo began the "Year of Luigi". This included a year of Luigi-themed games like "", "Dr. Luigi", "", and "New Super Luigi U". A "Luigi's Mansion" statue was released on Club Nintendo. On March 19, 2014, the Year of Luigi ended.


title: Luigi

text: On October 4, 2019, Nintendo declared that the entire month of October would be the Month of Luigi. This was done to celebrate "Luigi's Mansion 3", which was released on October 31, 2019. The Month of Luigi ended on November 1, 2019.


title: Luigi

text: Since his appearance in "Super Mario Bros.", Luigi has received highly positive reception. Nintendo Power listed Luigi as their fifth favourite hero, citing his dependability while describing him as being an underdog. They also listed him as having one of the best mustaches. GameDaily listed the "neglected guy" as one of their top 25 video game archetypes, citing Luigi as an example and stating that he lacks the charisma of his older brother Mario and that he should get another starring role. They also listed Luigi's Poltergust 3000 from "Luigi's Mansion" as one of the top 25 Nintendo gimmicks. UGO Networks ranked Luigi at No. 16 on their "25 Most Memorable Italians in Video Games" list, ranking him over Mario himself.