title: Amy Klobuchar

text: In the 115th Congress, she was absent for 0.5% of votes, with two-thirds of the senators missing more votes. In the ongoing 116th Congress (Jan 2019–Jan 2021), during her campaign for president, as of January 2020, she missed 39.1% of votes, making her the 5th most absent member of the Senate.


title: Amy Klobuchar

text: Klobuchar was at the U.S. Capitol when Trump supporters stormed it on January 6, 2021. As ranking Democrat on the Senate Rules Committee, she and Senator Roy Blunt co-led Senate deliberations during the 2021 United States Electoral College vote count. She also served as a teller, along with Blunt, Representative Rodney Davis, and Representative Zoe Lofgren. After Senate Republicans, led by Senator Ted Cruz, objected to certifying Arizona's electoral votes, Klobuchar participated in the debate on the Senate floor. Shortly after she gave her remarks, the Capitol was breached. As the Senate adjourned, Klobuchar was alerted on her phone that shots were fired inside the Capitol, which she announced to those present. Immediately, Klobuchar, fellow senators, staff and journalists were evacuated from the chambers to a secure location. When the Capitol was secure, Congress reconvened and the election count was certified in the early morning of January 7. Klobuchar supported the certification. Later that day, Klobuchar said she supported the invocation of the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution to remove Trump from office "because you cannot have a president basically leading an insurrection against our own country's government." She also called for investigations into the breach.


title: Amy Klobuchar

text: On March 30, 2008, Klobuchar announced her endorsement of Senator Barack Obama in the Democratic presidential primary, promising her superdelegate vote to him. She cited his performance in the Minnesota caucuses, where he won with 66% of the popular vote, as well as her own "independent judgment". In 2016 she was an early supporter of Hillary Clinton's second campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination.


title: Amy Klobuchar

text: Klobuchar has served as the chair of the U.S. Senate Democratic Steering and Outreach Committee since 2015. She became the Steering Chair of the community in 2017, with Bernie Sanders as Outreach Chair. Both represented the Democratic Party in a 2017 televised debate on healthcare policy and the possible repeal of the Affordable Care Act on CNN.


title: Amy Klobuchar

text: In 2020, Klobuchar was named a candidate for Secretary of Agriculture or United States Attorney General in the Biden Administration.


title: Amy Klobuchar

text: "The New York Times" and "The New Yorker" named Klobuchar as one of the women most likely to become the first female president of the United States, and MSNBC and "The New Yorker" named her as a possible nominee to the U.S. Supreme Court.


title: Amy Klobuchar

text: On February 10, 2019, Klobuchar announced her candidacy in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries. She has said that she uses humor as one way to distinguish herself among the many other Democratic candidates in the 2020 campaign.


title: Amy Klobuchar

text: On January 19, 2020, "The New York Times" editorial board endorsed Klobuchar and Elizabeth Warren for president.


title: Amy Klobuchar

text: On March 2, 2020, the day before Super Tuesday, Klobuchar suspended her campaign and endorsed Joe Biden.


title: Amy Klobuchar

text: On May 21, 2020, it was reported that Biden asked several women, including Klobuchar, to undergo formal vetting for consideration as his vice-presidential running mate. On June 18, Klobuchar withdrew herself from consideration, saying that Biden should choose a woman of color.


title: Amy Klobuchar

text: Klobuchar's political positions have generally been in line with modern American liberalism. She is pro-choice on abortion, supports LGBT rights and the Affordable Care Act, and was critical of the Iraq War. During the 115th Congress, she voted in line with President Donald Trump's position on legislation 31.1 percent of the time.


title: Amy Klobuchar

text: According to GovTrack, Klobuchar passed more legislation than any other senator by the end of the 114th Congress in late 2016. According to Congress.gov, , she had sponsored or co-sponsored 111 pieces of legislation that became law.


title: Amy Klobuchar

text: In 1993, Klobuchar married John Bessler, a private practice attorney and a professor at the University of Baltimore School of Law. They have a daughter who graduated from Yale University and worked as a legislative director for New York councilman Keith Powers.


title: Amy Klobuchar

text: In September 2021, Klobuchar revealed that she had been diagnosed with Stage 1A breast cancer in February 2021, that she had undergone a successful lumpectomy, and that in May she had completed a course of radiation treatment. In August, her doctors determined that the treatments had all been successful and she was cancer-free.


title: Amy Klobuchar

text: Klobuchar's grandparents were immigrants from Slovenia's White Carniola region. Her paternal grandfather was a miner on Minnesota's Iron Range. Amy's maternal grandparents emigrated from Switzerland to the United States.


title: Amy Klobuchar

text: "Note: The ±% column reflects the change in total number of votes won by each party from the previous election."


title: Amy Klobuchar

text: Klobuchar has written three books. In 1986, she published "Uncovering the Dome", a case study of the 10-year political struggle to build the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome. In 2015, she published an autobiography, "The Senator Next Door: A Memoir from the Heartland". In 2021, "Antitrust: Taking on Monopoly Power from the Gilded Age to the Digital Age" was published, a sprawling, 624-page historical overview of antitrust law in the United States, up to the current regulatory issues facing Big Tech, the American public, and the world.


title: Amy Klobuchar

text: Klobuchar has received a number of awards during her career. "Minnesota Lawyer" named her "Attorney of the Year" in 2001 and Mothers Against Drunk Driving gave her a leadership award for advocating for successful passage of Minnesota's first felony DWI law. "Working Mother" named her a 2008 "Best in Congress" for her efforts on behalf of working families, and "The American Prospect" named her a "woman to watch".


title: Amy Klobuchar

text: In 2012, Klobuchar received the Sheldon Coleman Great Outdoors Award at a special Great Outdoors Week celebration presented by the American Recreation Coalition. She was one of the recipients of the Agricultural Retailers Association's 2012 Legislator of the Year Award, alongside Republican representative John Mica. In 2013, Klobuchar received an award for her leadership in the fight to prevent sexual assault in the military at a national summit hosted by the Service Women's Action Network (SWAN). Also, in 2013, she received a Friend of CACFP award for her leadership in passing the Healthy Hunger Free Kids act and her efforts to set new nutrition standards for all meals served in the CACFP by the National Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) Sponsors Association. Klobuchar and Senator Al Franken received the 2014 Friends of Farm Bureau Award from the Minnesota branch of the American Farm Bureau Federation. She received the American Bar Association's Congressional Justice Award in 2015 for her efforts to protect vulnerable populations from violence, exploitation, and assault and to eliminate discrimination in the workplace. Also in 2015 the National Consumers League honored Klobuchar with the Trumpeter Award for her work "on regulation to strengthen consumer product safety legislation, on ensuring a fair and competitive marketplace, and increasing accessibility to communications, specifically in the wireless space". In 2016, she received the Goodwill Policymaker Award from Goodwill Industries for her commitment to the nonprofit sector and leading the Nonprofit Energy Efficiency Act. In 2017, she received the Arabella Babb Mansfield Award from the National Association of Women Lawyers and was chosen as the Mary Louise Smith Chair in Women and Politics for the Carrie Chapman Catt Center at Iowa State University. In 2021, Klobuchar received the Award for Distinguished Public Service from the Association of American Publishers.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: The National Guard of the Russian Federation () or Rosgvardiya () is the internal military force of Russia, comprising an independent agency that reports directly to the President of Russia Vladimir Putin under his powers as Supreme Commander-in-Chief and Chairman of the Security Council.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: The National Guard is separate from the Russian Armed Forces. A law signed by Putin established the federal executive body in 2016. The National Guard has the stated mission of securing Russia's borders, taking charge of gun control, combating terrorism and organized crime, protecting public order and guarding important state facilities.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: The establishment of the National Guard was seen as an effort to enhance efficiency and to avoid duplication of responsibilities within the Russian security system, a result of an extensive assessment of strategic challenges facing Russia. Others have accused the Rosgvardyia of being an attempt by Putin to create a private army to control civil strife or attempts of a colour revolution, not only domestically but also abroad in friendly regimes.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: linking the National Guard to a long history of public-security services within Russia – a decree of Emperor Alexander I organised the on 27 March in the Old Style Julian calendar in 1811.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: The organisation's official designation is the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation (; .


title: National Guard of Russia

text: In official documents, it may be referred to by the romanized acronym FSVNG RF (). In Russian, the less formal acronym "Rosgvardiya" (, lit. "Russian Guard") is commonly used.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Plans to create a National Guard, directly subordinated to the president, were first reported in April 2012. It was stated by some journalists that the new National Guard would be formed to ensure the security and protection of the constitutional order on the basis of Russian MVD and other security agencies. Utilising personnel and resources belonging to the Russian Airborne Troops, Air Force, Navy and the military police, as well as elements of EMERCOM of Russia; the reform of security apparatus had been since the 1990s. According to Zdzislaw Sliwa, the concept of an organization akin to the National Guard was conceived during the 2011–2013 Russian protests.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: The establishment of the Russian Federal National Guard Service reportedly caused contention within the Kremlin, since the new force took over duties and functions normally carried out by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Russian presidential spokesman Dmitry Peskov stated that Interior Minister Vladimir Kolokoltsev did not resign. Spokesman Peskov also denied that the establishment of the National Guard meant a crisis of confidence in the so-called "siloviki" and stated that the Federal Guard Service would retain its role. However, he did not comment on whether the then-incumbent heads of the Federal Drug Service and the Federal Migration Service, which in the same days underwent a major reform with their subordination to the Interior Ministry, would retain their posts.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: The corps is a direct successor to the Internal Troops of Russia (1918–2016) and to OMON (1988–2016) and SOBR (1992–2016) units formerly under the Ministry of Internal Affairs.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: On 5 April 2016, President Putin created the National Guard of Russia by a Presidential Decree (Executive Order) – a legal act having the status of a by-law.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: On 6 April 2016, Putin submitted to the State Duma (the lower house of parliament of the Federal Assembly) the draft framework law for this new executive body titled "On the Russian National Guard Troops" along with its corresponding amendments that contains a provision for the protection of pregnant women, children, disabled persons and crowds, which mirrored verbatim the limitations already in place in the Russian legislation concerning police work:


title: National Guard of Russia

text: On 9 May 2016 the National Guard paraded for the first time. 400 National Guardsmen of the ODON Ind. Motorized Division of the National Guard Forces Command, Federal National Guard Service of the Russian Federation "Felix Dzerzhinsky" formed part of the 2016 Moscow Victory Day Parade.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: On 18 May 2016, State Duma approved the first of the three readings of the draft law establishing the National Guard. On 22 June 2016, State Duma approved the last of the three readings of the draft law, thus establishing the National Guard. The Federation Council soon followed.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Presidential press secretary Dmitry Peskov told reporters that the National Guard started operations before the legal basis for its work was actually finalized.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: According to Federal National Guard Service Director and National Guard Forces Director Viktor Zolotov, the formation of the Russian National Guard is to take place in three stages. The first phase sees the transformation of the Interior Troops, of the OMON units and of the SOBR units (previously framed within the police) into National Guard units. The second step involves the elaboration of the troops' organizational and staff structure, harmonizing regulations and assigning specific tasks. The third phase envisages the completion of all the organizational activities and the beginning of execution of the tasks entrusted.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: At the start of 2017 a new division of cyberintelligence was formed in order to "monitor the activity of citizens in social networks, revealing cases of extremism there".


title: National Guard of Russia

text: In 2019 some Rosgvardians from St Petersburg were apprehended after they planted drugs on a 16-year old.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: It was noticed in February 2021 that the Rosgvardia has been used to silence pro-Navalny protests, in an attempt by the Putin regime "to fend off threats to its political monopoly at any cost".


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Over the last fortnight of July 2021 the Rosgvardians staged their first-ever operational-strategic exercise simultaneously in every Russian federal district except the North Caucasian.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Early in January and February 2022, there were reports of Rosgvardiya detachments moving to the Russia–Ukraine border and Belarus, joining the supposed "training exercise", going during the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis. When Russian forces invaded Ukraine on 24 February, Rosgvardiya troops started to move into Ukrainian territory, establishing themselves in occupied cities and towns, reportedly for suppressing local hostile population.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Within the first five days, the Rosgvardians were in combat situations with the Ukrainian military and Ukrainian national guards. Rosgvardyia units were deployed in the vanguard of the initial attack, suggesting that the Russian forces were not expecting much resistance from local Ukrainian forces. As a result, the National Guard had to act as a regular combat force, with reports that they suffered high losses. Ukrainian forces destroyed and captured military convoys carrying riot control equipment.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Some time prior to 6 March the governor of the Kemerovo Oblast, Sergei Tsivilyov, while his son was safe in university, was forced to carry water for Putin and Zolotov as he defended to the OMON gymnasium in Novokuznetsk full of Rosgvardians' families the choices of his superiors:


title: National Guard of Russia

text: On 13 March the Chechen Rosgvardians in Kyiv suffered "hundreds" of casualties and withdrew from that theatre. Also it was reported the same day that the Rosgvardyia helped to repress the 2022 anti-war protests in Russia, dispersing rallies and arresting protestors.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: On 15 March 2022 chief Rosgvardian Viktor Zolotov was sanctioned along with ten more of his fellows in Russia's "Defense Enterprise"; all were added to the list of Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: On 17 March it was reported that Rosgvardyia Deputy Chief General Roman Gavrilov was sacked due the operational failures of the National Guard during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: On 25 March the Transcarpathian 128th Mountain Assault Brigade of the Armed Forces of Ukraine destroyed a BTR-80 armored personnel carrier and liquidated several Rosgvardians of the 46th separate brigade unit #6780, based in Chechnya. The Rosguardians served in the 94th Regiment of the brigade stationed in the city of Gudermes, and the 96th Regiment, stationed in the city of Urus-Martan. The Transcarpathian soldiers also managed to capture undamaged another BTR-80.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: On 28 March the Transcarpathians destroyed an armored Ural military truck which served as an observation post and liquidated two Rosgvardians; the others fled. Documents were recovered of one Rosgvardian named Vladik Inyazudinovich Madanov, born on 2 June 1995, who enlisted in Derbent, Republic of Dagestan.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: On 2 June it was reported that Rosgvardia Unit #6720 had taken part in the Bucha massacre, where at least ten of their number got in on the loot. "Nothing was neglected... not only financial savings, jewelry, computer or household appliances, but also of linen were established. After retreating to Belarus, the Russian occupiers sent these items by mail to their relatives in Russia."


title: National Guard of Russia

text: On 6 June Putin ordered a 5 million Ruble life insurance benefit payment to families of Rosgvardians who die in Ukraine.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Missions of the National Guard of Russia include joint operations in securing borders (in assistance to the Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation) fighting terrorism, organized crime, and to perform the functions which are currently carried out by riot police units (OMON, SOBR, etc.), as well as prison police units. However the National Guard does not perform field investigation activities. The Federal Service has powers in the sphere of weapons turnover and control of private security activities.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: The National Guard also is to work to protect public safety and order along with the Ministry of Internal Affairs and guard important state facilities.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: According to President Vladimir Putin, a major area of responsibility of the National Guard is the overseeing the various kinds of security provisions and the authorization system of the right to possess firearms, the oversight of private security firms and the management of the interior troops proper.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Until the final approbation, it was not yet clear whether these forces will be taking part in counter-terrorism operations abroad, with different open sources reporting different assessments, but, according to the draft presidential decree, it was expected to get the right to interact with competent bodies of other countries, including training relationships.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: The law includes the possibility of using National Guard troops in international operations "to restore and maintain peace".


title: National Guard of Russia

text: According to some pro-Ukrainian sources, National Guard units were in Donbass in May 2016, in order to prevent the desertion of Novorussian soldiers.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: In 2022, they were seen in the "training exercises" on the Russia–Ukraine border and in Belarus during the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis. Some units joined the Russian invasion of Ukraine.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Early in January and February 2022, there were reports of Rosgvardiya detachments moving to the Russia–Ukraine border and Belarus, joining the supposed "training exercise", going during the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis. When Russian forces invaded Ukraine, Rosgvardiya troops started to move into Ukrainian territory, establishing themselves in occupied cities and towns, reportedly for suppressing local hostile population.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: On March 9, it was reported in Kherson, one of the first cities occupied by Russia, that Rosgvardyia units moved in and arrested and brutally beat almost 400 local citizens after they made peaceful protests against Russian occupation. While in Novokharkovka Rosgvardiya forces attempted to disperse a rally by using sting ball grenades and firing on the crowd with rubber bullets, resulting in one death.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: The National Guard was reported as having occupied Ukrainian nuclear power plants. On February 24, the National Guard together with Russian Ground Forces moved into the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, attacking Ukrainian forces at the Battle of Chernobyl. After Ukrainian forces withdrew, Rosgvardyia occupied the Power Plant. Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokeswoman Maria Zakharova claimed that the Russian National Guard was running a "joint operation" with local workers and surrendered Ukrainian soldiers to maintain the containment operations of the Chernobyl NPP.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Chechen "Kadyrovite" troops nominally under the National Guard deployed in combat roles in Ukraine, fighting in the Kyiv offensive and the Siege of Mariupol, intended as a "psychological weapon against Ukrainians" and a vanguard force. Ukrainian sources claimed that the Chechen forces in Kyiv suffered "hundreds" of casualties and pulled out on 13 March from the Kyiv theater.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: On 28 September 2022, the Prosecutor General of Ukraine and National Police of Ukraine published CCTV footage showing OMON and Rosgvardiya personnel shooting at civilians during the battle of Hostomel.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: On 25 March, twelve guardsmen from Krasnodar, deployed in Crimea during the "exercises", were fired after they refused the order to cross the border on February 25. The unit claimed that their duties were strictly limited to Russian territory, that they were not informed of possible "business trips" to Ukraine and since they did not have their passports with them, they could not enter foreign Ukrainian territory without violating Russian law. The guardsmen sued the National Guard for unfair dismissal and are appealing for reinstatement. According to their lawyer, Mikhail Benyash, after the case was publicized, almost a thousand National Guardsmen contacted him with similar cases.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Mikhail Afanasyev, the chief editor of "Novy Fokus" in the Russian region of Khakassia, was arrested in April 2022 because the authorities disliked his report on the Krasnodar refuseniks.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: After that Krasnodar report in the Khakassia news, 11 guardsmen from Khakassia refused to fight for much same reasons as the Krasnodar refuseniks, but the court case of the Khakassian refuseniks was similarly unsuccessful.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Then on 27 May it came to light that 115 guardsmen from Nalchik, the capital of the Kabardino-Balkarian republic, had similar difficulties with foreign engagements because they were hired only to police domestic troubles, and because their training is not military. The lawsuit, drafted by a lawyer called Andrei Sabinin, came as a surprise to reporters and was discovered only because they had appealed their case. The lawsuit was dismissed after the judge determined that the soldiers had been rightfully fired for "refusing to perform an official assignment" to fight in Ukraine and instead returned to a duty station.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: According to TASS news agency, National Guard has some powers similar to the functions discharged by the Federal Security Service.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Specifically, the National Guard is controversially allowed to fire into crowds in a select number of situations, such as terrorist incidents, hostage situations, or if a government building secured by the National Guard comes under attack, although the soldiers are forbidden in all circumstances from shooting at pregnant women, children, or people with disabilities.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Troops can use physical force against direct threats to members of the public or fellow soldiers, special cargoes, structures along communications lines protected by National Guard troops and the National Guard troops’ facilities, as well as open and search cars, check for identification documents and detain citizens. The National Guard can seal off areas, including for the purpose of preventing mass riots. The troops of the National Guard have the authority to deliver to Russian ports illegal foreign vessels in Russian territorial waters in the Kerch Strait.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: In a state of emergency, the National Guard personnel have the right to ban the traffic of vehicles and pedestrians, use citizens’ cars to arrive at the scene of an emergency situation or chase criminals, enter houses, use force, special means and weapons.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: According to the establishing law, National Guard troops exercise their activity on the basis of the principles of legality, the observance of the rights and freedoms of an individual and a citizen, single authority and centralized control.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: According to Gordon M. Hahn, the rapid reaction forces and special operational forces and aviation of the National Guard remain under the MVD's operational command.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: According to Aleksandr Golts of the Jamestown Foundation, on 24 May 2017, military units and formations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, as well as other military formations and organs, may be transferred to the operational control of the National Guard.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Within the Russian presidential decree 04.06.2018 г. N 289 it is possible for the President of Russia to transfer units of the Russian military to a district commander of the National Guard. It is also possible to transfer units of the National Guard to the Russian military. The National Guard of Russia territorial units must always act together in collaboration with the Russian military and other federal and territorial bodies in accordance with federal constitution and laws, under decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: All territorial unit boundaries of the National Guard must be created after a proposal of a commander of the National Guard, that has previously been agreed upon with the Ministry of Defense and then approved by the President. The National guard is among other things tasked with repelling aggression against the Russian Federation together with the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, and participates in the territorial defense of the Russian Federation.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: In April 2016, the National Guard was expected to be vested with the right to request federal, state and local authorities, officials and citizens documents, reference and other materials required for decision-making on the issues referred to their spheres of activity, as well as to suspend or limit in emergency situations the use of any communications networks and communications means, and to exercise the right to the priority use of these communications networks and communications means.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: According to the draft provisions, the National Guard would to be allowed to shoot without warning "if delay in using them (firearms) could create a direct threat to the life or health of a citizen or National Guard soldier". According to the same draft provisions, the corps cannot exercise armed force against pregnant women, disabled people and minors, except for self-defence and other exceptional situations, although it will be authorized to block cars and pedestrians in extraordinary situations and use citizens' motor vehicles to come to the scene of an extraordinary event or chase criminals.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Despite the draft provisions, Russian Duma's Committee on Defense made the recommendation to allow the National Guard to shoot into crowds.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: According to an amendment passed into the draft law, a serviceman of the National Guard has no right to use weapons in a crowded area, excluding the use of weapons in order to prevent terror attack, freeing hostages, repelling a group or armed attack on important state objects or cargos. Under similar conditions, the legislative amendments granted the National Guard the right to search individuals' vehicles.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: The National Guard of Russia is directly subordinated to the supreme commander-in-chief (i.e. President of Russia) with the incumbent head of this new structure included into the Security Council as a permanent member.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: The National Guard is to take over many of the existing duties of the special police forces thus eliminating the link on their use that previously existed between President Putin and his Interior Minister Vladimir Kolokoltsev.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: In a major overhaul of Russia's security agencies, the National Guard which will include Interior Ministry troops, servicemen of the Russian Armed Forces (including paratroopers, air force, navy and military police), and (as proposed in 2012) Ministry of Emergency Situations personnel (such as fire fighters and rescue workers) consisting of both conscripts and contract personnel and will take over functions previously managed by the OMON riot police and SOBR rapid-reaction forces. In turn, the Federal Migration Service (FMS) and the Federal Drug Service (FSKN) are to be incorporated into the structure of the Interior Ministry.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: In operation, the National Guard is expected to number some 350,000 to 400,000 men. However, as of May 2016 the Russian government did not propose the size of the forces actually needed. The establishing Presidential decree points out that the transformation process should be completed by 1 June 2016.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: As for personnel policies, on 20 April 2016 FNGS Director Zolotov stated that the National Guard of Russia is to exclude the appointment of employees with low moral and professional qualities who have committed defamatory acts.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: The National Guard of Russia is organized into a composed structure, consisting of six broad elements:


title: National Guard of Russia

text: The diversity of the units under the National Guard is also reflected in the rank structure. Units originating from the former Internal Troops have army style ranks. Former police units such as SOBR, OMON and various licensing departments have special police ranks, which are distinguished by the denominator ""... of police"" (""... полиции""). Flying units personnel has air force style ranks distinguished by the denominator ""... of aviation"" (""... авиации""). Maritime units personnel has navy style ranks.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: According to the establishing presidential decree, the Federal National Guard Service (FNGS) is part of the executive branch, which is headed by the president of Russia. The Federal Service is led by a ""Director"", and the service director is simultaneously the commander of the National Guard Forces Command (NGFC). The director has six deputy directors, including a first deputy director who is simultaneously Chief of Staff of the National Guard and a "state secretary/deputy director"; the Head of Legal Department is Major-General Sergei Babaitsev.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: On 5 April 2016, Viktor Zolotov, the former commander of Russian Interior Troops, and the former head of the Russian President's personal security service, was appointed as Director of the Federal National Guard Service and Commander of the National Guard Forces Command and relieved of his previous duties—and by a separate Presidential Decree was appointed a member of the Security Council too, in a personal capacity.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: On 20 May 2016, newly promoted Colonel General Sergei Chenchik was appointed as Chief of the General Staff and First Deputy Director of the Russian Federal National Guard Service. General Chenchik has reportedly a significant role in the North Caucasus security system since the late 1990s; according to Valery Dzutsati, Chenchik's appointment as deputy head of the National Guard indicates that his approach to security problems is approved.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: According to the official website, other top positions include those of Commander of the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, held in 2016 by Oleg Borukayev and Sergei Yerygin.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: According to Sergey Sukhankin for the Jamestown Foundation, the National Guard includes a special unit tasked with cyber security and cyber intelligence functions. The unit's function is to monitor and analyse online social networks.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: The territorial organization consists of eight National Guard Districts which have, as a rule, the same name of the relevant Federal District. An exception is the Eastern National Guard District, which handles military units stationed in the territory of the Far Eastern Federal District. Also, the Central and Northwestern National Guard Districts have full names which include honorific titles within them. In total, eight National Guard Districts are created out of the 8 Federal Districts; these National Guard Districts have the same boundaries, names and headquarters of those of the former Internal Troops. Each National Guard District is further subdivided into Brigades.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Police officers are appointed to the post of heads of the National Guard Districts, while military officers are appointed to the positions of chiefs of staff.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Districts of the Federal National Guard Troops Service directly operate task forces, military units and the other organizations of the National Guard, as well as region-level territorial units, such as main administration departments, local administration structures, other departments.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Educational organizations of the National Guard are directly under the Director of the National Guard.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Located in St. Petersburg, the National Guard Forces Command Military Institute serves as the training facility for personnel of the National Guard Forces Command of the National Guard of Russia, including officers, warrant officers and non-commissioned officers. It was established on 4 September 1947 as the MVD Central School and since then as gone on many transformations before acquiring its present title in 2016.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: The Perm Military Institute is the only military educational institution of the National Guard that trains specialists with higher professional education in 8 specialties with qualifications.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: The Moscow National Guard Presidential Cadets School named after Mikhail Sholokhov is a pre-university specialized educational institution of the Rosgvuardia. It was opened on 2 September 2002 in the Southeast Administrative District of Moscow in the Kuzminki district. Its first national appearance was at the 2018 Moscow Victory Day Parade on Red Square.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: The National Guard units have the same equipment the Internal Troops used before. In May 2016, the Interior Ministry reportedly purchased 120 units of the RPO-A Shmel. The rocket launchers were likely intended for the National Guard. A tender for machine guns was also announced by the Ministry. 200 more RPO-As were ordered in April 2017.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: The AK-74 and AK-74M assault rifle variants will be the primary service weapon of the Russian National Guard. Special operations units attached to the National Guard are armed with AS Val sub-sonic suppressed assault rifles. Other weapons include weapons against underwater sabotage forces and non-lethal weapons. GM-94 hand-held grenade launchers, BK-16 armored boats of Project 02510 and helicopter-type UAVs have also been received.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: The National Guard, as of April 2016, was reportedly rumoured to acquire «Bozena Riot» remotely operated armoured vehicle, designed to handle riots and mobs in the streets and urbanized areas. The following month, i.e. May 2016, the corps was also scheduled to receive brand new KAMAZ Patrol mine-resistant ambush protected vehicle, which is used primarily as a mounted infantry troop carrier and ground support vehicle. The vehicle entered service in 2017.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: In January 2017, the National Guard received the mobile robot KRMM-06 to remotely detect explosives. In May 2018 the National Guard received the first Ka-226T helicopter. Orsis T-5000 sniper rifles and SPM-3 Medved Armoured Vehicles are also been received. In 2018, the National Guard employed combat buggies M-3 Chaborz and other equipment in exercises. Russia's National Guard (Rosgvardiya) has adopted the Tor protective helmet developed by the NPP KlASS company.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Russia's National Guard (Rosgvardiya) has received Ural-VV 6×6 mine-resistant ambush-protected (MRAP) vehicles developed by the Ural Automotive Plant (Ural AZ) as of 2018. The Ural-432009 [Ural-VV] has been adopted by Rosgvardiya, and the service has already started to receive the MRAP. The vehicle is among the platforms forming the backbone of Rosgvardiya's mobile troops. National Guard concluded a contract in May 2018 on the supplies of two non-lethal service vehicles. Particularly, a laser installed on those vehicles can exert acoustic pressure and temporarily blind people.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: The service receives Yarigin PYa pistols, Kalashnikov AK-12 assault rifles and AK-205 [carbines], SV-98 sniper rifles, underwater assault rifles, and amphibious assault rifles. In 2018, the service received 104 brand new platforms. A new CRV, based on the Tigr-M IMV, has passed state tests and is being supplied to the National Guard. Communications systems based on KAMAZ vehicles received in March 2020. More than 100 Command-staff vehicles R-142NSA-R have been delivered as of September 2020.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: As of 2019, the service began to receive its first Grachonok-class anti-saboteur ships. The first vessels were deployed in Crimea and the Black Sea region, complementing similar patrol vessels deployed in the region by the Russian Coast Guard and Navy.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: In 2021, the National Guard adopted the modernized MRK-15 engineering-EOD robot, the SIM-4 engineering vehicle and the ARAKS EOD vehicle.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: The establishment of the Russian Federal National Guard Service triggered several domestic and international reactions and assessments, with attempts to interpret and explain the move, ranging from power games to plans to prevent colour revolutions.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: On the first reading of the draft law, held on 18 May 2016, ruling party United Russia, nationalist leader Vladimir Zhirinovsky and A Just Russia backed the establishment of the National Guard, with A Just Russia MP Mikhail Yemelyanov holding that there is no reduction of democracy in Russia.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: On the other hand, Communist MP Vyacheslav Tetekin said that the Communist Party of the Russian Federation does see a link between the move and the bad conditions of the Russian economy; according to Tetekin, assigning all combat units to a separate structure would critically weaken the Interior Ministry and that assigning to the National Guard the task to license private security firms had nothing to do with countering terrorism and extremism.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: With the timing of President Putin's creation of this National Guard force coming ahead of the 2016 parliamentary election to the State Duma in Russia, and crashing oil prices, Pavel Felgengauer, an independent military analyst based in Moscow, said this new force is "..a kind of Praetorian Guard to deal with the internal enemy" and further stated "It reminds me of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire. We see an aging emperor appointing his bodyguard chief of everything."


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Mark Galeotti, professor at New York University's Center for Global Affairs, wrote in a post on his blog, In Moscow's Shadows that "[National Guard] forces have little real role fighting crime or terrorism; they are public security forces, riot and insurrection control and deterrence assets."


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Konstantin Gaaze, a Moscow-based political analyst and journalist with the Carnegie Moscow Center, said this new force was "linked to the election cycle" and that "Putin wants to make sure the situation that took place on the Maidan, in Ukraine, won't happen in Russia." Gaaze further said that Putin's creation of the National Guard created a counterbalance not only to the Federal Security Forces, but also to the Russian Army itself and Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu stating: "The newly established National Guard is the president's army in the literal sense of the word. An army, which can be used without intermediaries in the form of a defense minister and without the constitutional rules on the use of the Armed Forces."


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Ella Paneyakh, senior researcher for the Department of Political science and Sociology at the European University at Saint Petersburg, said that this new National Guard force was not just another law enforcement agency, but another army that had the right to conduct military operations against the country's citizens.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Russian political scientist Gleb Pavlovsky, who heads the analytics department of the Center for Political Technologies (CPT), said Putin's creation of the National Guard was to counter the power of Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Tatiana Stanovaya, who heads the Center for Political Technologies (CPT) in France, in commenting on Viktor Zolotov's appointment to head the National Guard said: "The unnecessary link, that of a minister between the commander-in-chief and the head of the National Guard is removed. Whoever the minister is, a brother, friend, classmate or judo coach, his hand may tremble when you need him to execute an order. Zolotov is protected from those fluctuations as much as possible."


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Researcher Gordon M. Hahn, for The Duran, deems the probability of a "palace coup" as being minor than other scenarios. In this view, the National Guard is an added insurance against a regime split, palace coup, or other elite politics. Another "power game"-related reason may be, according to Hahn, the will to reduce power of Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: According to Roger McDermott for The Jamestown Foundation the establishment of the National Guard is intended in order to counter colour revolutions and links foreign and domestic threat assessments as part of a seamless web. McDermott links the origins of the corps to experience acquired during internal crises and power games among key actors in the 1990s, as well as to colour revolutions abroad, especially close to the Russian borders and in Middle East. In this view, the 2016–2017 election cycle in Russia supplied domestic context for the timing of the implementation of the 2016 reform aimed to counter a strategic threat, but the deep reason does not lie into the actual elections.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Gordon M. Hahn lists as the top-two reasons behind the establishment of the National Guard the possibilities of inter-departmental tension, violent conflict, and even armed clashes possible in conditions of potential greater instability and Colour revolutions or indigenous ones.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: According to former FSB Director and Russian MP (for United Russia) Nikolai Kovalyov, the establishment of the National Guard was important amid NATO's eastward expansion.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: Russian President Vladimir Putin, during a televised debate, denied the mistrust in current security establishment: according to him, the direct subordination to the President comes from the fact the National Guard has the authority of a ministry, and as a power ministry it reports to the President.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: The main publication of the National Guard of Russia is the magazine "In the line of duty". The full-colour magazine is published for the Internal Troops of Russia since 1958 and it is stated to cover matters of service activity of the corps, as well as history and literature.


title: National Guard of Russia

text: The media will not be allowed to report on the location of National Guard soldiers, in order to "protect the safety of the troops and their families".


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: The Island of Dr. Moreau is a 1996 American science fiction horror film, based on the 1896 novel "The Island of Doctor Moreau" by H. G. Wells. It was directed by John Frankenheimer (who was brought in half a week after shooting started) and stars Marlon Brando, Val Kilmer, David Thewlis and Fairuza Balk. The screenplay is credited to the original director Richard Stanley and Ron Hutchinson. It is the third major film adaptation of the Wells novel, following "Island of Lost Souls" (1932) and "The Island of Dr. Moreau" (1977).


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: The production was notoriously difficult, marred by issues with the cast, harsh weather and a skyrocketing budget. Bruce Willis was originally hired to play Edward Prendick, but allegedly dropped out as he started divorce procedures from Demi Moore, his wife at the time. Willis was replaced by Kilmer, who made his availability limited, and later had anger issues with most of the cast after also being served divorce papers on set. Then actor Rob Morrow quit because of script rewrites.


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: Brando's role as Moreau was supposed to be expanded, but following his daughter's suicide, Brando retreated to his private island, leaving production in limbo, not knowing when or even if he would show up. Brando also did not want to learn his lines, so he requested them through an earpiece and/or improvised his dialogue. Original director Richard Stanley was dismissed by New Line Cinema after problems arose during production, including a major hurricane, with Frankenheimer being brought in to replace him. The film received generally negative reviews and was considered a box office bomb.


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: In 2014, the documentary "" was released, covering Stanley's experiences while he conceived and developed the project, his time as director, and the aftermath of his departure and the effect it had on the cast, crew and overall film. Kilmer also shared some behind-the-scenes footage of the film in the 2021 documentary "Val", where he shared his side of events.


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: United Nations negotiator Edward Douglas survives a plane crash in the Java Sea and is rescued by a passing boat. Aboard, Dr Montgomery tends to him and, after telling him the boat has no radio, he promises Douglas the captain will take him to Timor. However, when they arrive at Montgomery's destination, referred to as "Moreau's Island", he instead advises Douglas to disembark so he can use the radio on the island.


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: Montgomery unloads a shipment of rabbits at a pen where he kills one for Douglas' meal. They go to the Main House, where Douglas is warned not to wander. He meets a daughter of Dr. Moreau's called Aissa, but Montgomery turns him away from her and leads him to his room. On the way, they discuss how Moreau vanished after becoming obsessed with his animal research. Montgomery locks Douglas in his room, but he escapes that night. He finds a laboratory where he witnesses the birth of a mutant baby, belonging to and delivered by human-animal hybrids.


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: He is noticed, escapes, and runs into Aissa who leads him to the village of the mutants. They find the partially eaten carcass of a rabbit near the leopard hybrid called Lo-Mai. At the village, they find the Sayer of the Law whose Law preaches "being human" in terms of restraint and discipline. Dr. Moreau, referred to as "the Father" by the mutants, appears. He inflicts pain on the villagers by using a remote control to activate an implant under the creatures' skin as a form of subjugation. Moreau forces the village to release Douglas and demands Montgomery give Douglas his handgun. Moreau then calmly discusses the situation with Douglas.


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: Douglas, Montgomery and Moreau gather and he introduces his hybrid "children". He explains his creations: he introduced human DNA into animals in search of a higher being, incapable of harm. The existing Beast Folk are imperfect, but Moreau claims to be very close to a solution. Moreau's son Azazello comes in with the rabbit, to the disgust of the pacifistic Moreau who forbids meat-eating. When he learns of the eaten rabbit, he promises that there will be a trial the next day. Douglas tries to escape by boat, but it is overrun with humanoid rats.


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: At the trial, Azazello unexpectedly shoots Lo-Mai. His body is burned and a mutant called Hyena-Swine comes, notices the pain implant among his remains, then removes his own. Montgomery reveals to Douglas that in addition to the pain, the animals are controlled through regular drugging to prevent them from "retrogressing". Hyena-Swine reveals the removed implant and so Montgomery sets the other beasts after him. Meanwhile, Douglas tries to contact the outside world, but Montgomery sabotages the radio and Aissa reveals to Moreau that she is regressing as it shows her with cat-themed eyes.


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: Hyena-Swine and his trackers (now on his side and also free of implants) break into the House and confront Moreau. Angry over their hybrid nature and no longer under his control, they reject humanity and the Law when they kill Moreau. His children grieve, except for Azazello, who steals Montgomery's handgun and goes to join Hyena-Swine's faction. Aissa informs Douglas that he can stop her regression with a serum from the lab. However, it turns out Montgomery has gone insane and destroyed it. Douglas also finds samples and a file with his name on them and finds out that Moreau was planning to use his DNA to stop Aissa's regression permanently, completing his experiments. Meanwhile, Azazello leads the mutants to the armory.


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: The mutants have now taken over the island. Azazello shoots a drunken Montgomery dead at the village and Hyena-Swine's faction rampages around the island. Azazello hangs Aissa before being executed by Hyena-Swine, having outlived his usefulness; but Douglas manages to survive by telling Hyena-Swine to impose his leadership and be "God Number One" among the others of his faction, especially those who helped him kill Moreau, causing Hyena-Swine to kill his supporters. While he's distracted, M'Ling, another one of Moreau's sons, triggers an explosion that causes Hyena-Swine to lose his gun and allows Douglas to escape. Hyena-Swine, finding himself outnumbered and defenseless, retreats into the burning building where he burns alive.


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: The Sayer of the Law, Majai, and Assassimon see off Douglas as he leaves on a raft. The Sayer of the Law tells Douglas that the hybrids are wanting to return to their natural state of being and believes it is better, so as to end their creator's work. In closing narration, Douglas reflects on the comparable savagery that can emerge in humans and claims that he leaves the island "in fear".


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: As recounted in David Gregory's documentary "" (2014), the chaotic events of the making of the film quickly led to its becoming one of the most difficult and troubled productions in Hollywood history.


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: A film version of "Dr. Moreau" had been a long-standing dream of original director Richard Stanley, who had first read the book as a child. He spent four years developing the project before getting the green-light from New Line Cinema. Although Stanley had envisaged Jürgen Prochnow in the lead role, New Line managed to secure Marlon Brando, but some time later, Stanley learned that New Line had gone behind his back and offered the movie to director Roman Polanski.


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: Furious, Stanley demanded a meeting with Brando who, unexpectedly, proved very sympathetic to Stanley's vision, not least because of Stanley's intimate understanding of the novel and its history - including its connections with Joseph Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" (the main inspiration for Francis Ford Coppola's "Apocalypse Now") - and because of Stanley's own family relation to legendary African explorer Henry Morton Stanley, one of the chief inspirations for Conrad's lead character, Kurtz. According to Stanley, Brando was still fascinated by Kurtz more than 15 years after he had played a version of the character in Coppola's film.


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: With Brando supporting him, Stanley was confirmed as director, and he was also able to recruit two more major stars: Bruce Willis as Edward Prendick, a U.N. negotiator who washes up on Moreau's island after his plane crashes, and James Woods as Montgomery, Moreau's chief assistant. Buoyed by these developments, Stanley enthusiastically launched into pre-production, collaborating with special effects creator Stan Winston on the creation of makeup and costumes for Moreau's hybrid creatures and preparing the location and sets. As the time for principal photography approached, however, problems began to multiply: Bruce Willis dropped out of the film (Stanley says in "Lost Soul" that the actor was divorcing his wife, Demi Moore, at the time, but the couple did not announce their separation until the summer of 1998, with the divorce made final two years later).


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: He was replaced with Val Kilmer, who, to Stanley's dismay, demanded a 40% reduction in the number of days he was required on set. Stanley solved this problem when he had the idea to switch Kilmer from the protagonist to the supporting role of Montgomery, who had far less screen time. However, this meant James Woods had to leave the production. New Line hurriedly recruited former "Northern Exposure" star Rob Morrow for the lead role. Another significant setback occurred not long before filming began, with the suicide of Brando's daughter Cheyenne - the devastated star retreated to his private island, leaving Stanley and his producers in limbo, not knowing when or even if he would show up.


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: The chosen location for the film was the rain forest outside Cairns in North Queensland, Australia. Tensions between Stanley and New Line had been growing during pre-production, partly because of Stanley's quirky, insular nature, and his marked unwillingness to attend studio meetings, but they reached crisis point within the first few days of filming. Stanley's vulnerability to studio pressure was exacerbated by the continuing absence of his main ally, Brando, but the biggest problem proved to be the notorious on-set behaviour of Kilmer, who reportedly arrived two days late.


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: Kilmer later attributed his obnoxious behaviour to the fact that, just as filming began, he learned from a television report that he was being sued for divorce by his wife of seven years, Joanne Whalley. Whatever his reasons, many of the cast and crew have testified to Kilmer's bullying and his consistently hostile and obstructive manner during the first days of shooting. He would not deliver the dialogue as scripted and repeatedly criticized Stanley's ideas; what little footage was shot was deemed unusable.


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: The studio mainly seems to have blamed the director for not getting Kilmer under control, but another significant factor was the sudden departure of co-star Rob Morrow on the second day of shooting. With the location being pounded by bad weather that had temporarily stopped filming, Morrow found himself unable to bear the tension and hostility on set any longer, so he telephoned New Line chairman Rob Shaye in Hollywood and tearfully begged to be let go. Shaye agreed.


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: After a third day of filming, following emergency consultations with its on-set executives, New Line abruptly fired Stanley by fax. The beleaguered director reacted angrily, shredding documents in revenge and then vanishing after being delivered to the airport for the return flight to Hollywood. The reasons for Stanley's dismissal were not made clear and false rumours were spread about his allegedly erratic behaviour, but the main reasons appear to have been his perceived unwillingness to deal with studio executives and especially his problems in dealing with Kilmer, whose already well-established reputation for being "difficult" was soon to be enshrined in movie lore thanks to this film.


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: Stanley had been offered his full fee on condition that he leave the production quietly and not speak about his firing, so his disappearance caused consternation at New Line, who feared he might try to sabotage the filming. His removal also predictably sent shock waves through the cast and crew. Outraged female lead Fairuza Balk stormed off the set after a heated exchange with New Line executives and then had a production assistant drive her all the way from Cairns to Sydney - a distance of some 2,500 km - in a rented limousine. By her own account, however, Balk's agent then warned her in blunt terms that the studio would ruin her and that she would never work in films again if she broke her contract, so she was soon forced to return to the set.


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: With a potential disaster looming, New Line brought in veteran director John Frankenheimer. He came on board in part because - like virtually every member of the cast and crew - he wanted the opportunity to work with the legendary Brando, but he also used the studio's desperation to his advantage, successfully demanding a hefty fee and a three-picture deal in exchange for his services. Well-known as one of the last of the "old style" Hollywood directors, Frankenheimer's gruff, dictatorial approach was radically different from Stanley's and he soon alienated many of the cast and crew. Brando agreed to his decision to have the then-current script by Richard Stanley, Michael Herr and Walon Green rewritten by Frankenheimer's previous collaborator Ron Hutchinson. Frankenheimer also needed to find a new lead actor to replace Rob Morrow and brought in David Thewlis to play Douglas. The whole production was shut down for a week and a half while these changes were implemented.


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: Once shooting resumed, the problems continued and escalated. Brando routinely spent hours in his air-conditioned trailer when he was supposed to be on camera, while actors and extras sweltered in the tropical heat in full make-up and heavy costumes. The antipathy between Brando and Kilmer rapidly escalated into open hostility and on one occasion, as recounted in "Lost Soul", this resulted in the cast and crew being kept waiting for hours, with each actor refusing to come out of his respective trailer before the other. New script pages were turned in only a few days before they were shot. Frankenheimer and Kilmer had an argument on-set, which reportedly got so heated, Frankenheimer stated afterwards, "I don't like Val Kilmer, I don't like his work ethic, and I don't want to be associated with him ever again".


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: According to Thewlis, "we all had different ideas of where it should go. I even ended up improvising some of the main scenes with Marlon". Thewlis went on to rewrite his character personally. The constant rewrites also got on Brando's nerves and, as on many previous productions, he refused to learn lines, so he was equipped with a small radio receiver, so that his assistant could feed his lines to him as he performed - a technique he had used on earlier films.


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: Thewlis recollected that Brando would "be in the middle of a scene and suddenly he'd be picking up police messages and would repeat, 'There's a robbery at Woolworth's'". Meanwhile, friction between him and Kilmer elicited the former's quip: "Your problem is you confuse the size of your paycheck with the size of your talent". Upon completion of Kilmer's final scene, Frankenheimer is reported to have said to the crew, "Now get that bastard off my set". Kilmer denied having a feud with Brando. He shared some behind-the-scenes footage of friendly moments he had with Brando as well as his complaining to Thewlis about Frankenheimer in the documentary "Val". In his memoir "I'm Your Huckleberry", Kilmer said "John Frankenheimer went on to blame me publicly for ruining the movie. I always thought it an odd thing to try to do, blame me for his failure to make an entertaining film, because my character dies halfway through, and the last half of the film sucks as bad as the first". Screenwriter Ron Hutchinson said "everybody behaved monstrously to each other" and Brando had "poisonous" relations with most actors.


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: Stanley had reportedly jokingly told the film's production designer to burn the set down, but when Stanley disappeared after being fired, security was tightened in case he was actually trying to sabotage the project. Stanley himself later revealed that he had in fact stayed in Australia - suffering a total emotional breakdown, he had retreated to a remote area in the Cairns region to recover. There, he had a chance meeting with some of the film's former production staff, who had been rehired as extras and were camping in the area. It was confirmed by these same production staff in the "Lost Soul" documentary that with their help Stanley secretly came back to the set over several days, disguised in full costume as one of the dog-men, and performed as an extra on the film he had originally been hired to direct. It has also been reported that he showed up at the film's wrap party, where he ran into Kilmer, who was said to have apologized profusely for Stanley's removal from the film.


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: A director's cut was released on Blu-ray on July 24, 2012 and on DVD on April 4, 2017, extending the 96-minute film to 100 minutes.


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: The film was met with negative reviews; Rotten Tomatoes currently rates the film with a 22% "Rotten", based on 36 reviews with the consensus: "Timid and unfocused in its storytelling, "The Island of Dr. Moreau" is more lackluster misfire than morbid curiosity". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade of "C−" on a scale of A+ to F. The film grossed only $49 million worldwide on a $40 million budget, which, with marketing and other expenses, lost money for the studio. In an article written upon Brando's death in 2004, critic Roger Ebert described "The Island of Dr. Moreau" as "perhaps [Brando's] worst film".


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: "The Island of Dr. Moreau" later received six nominations for the Razzie Awards including Worst Picture and Worst Director, winning Worst Supporting Actor for Marlon Brando (Val Kilmer was also a nominee in this category). At the 1996 Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, Brando was nominated for Worst On-Screen Hairstyle (which he lost to Stephen Baldwin for "Bio-Dome") and won Worst Supporting Actor. The film also got nominations for two Saturn Awards: Best Science Fiction Film and Best Make-up.


title: The Island of Dr. Moreau (1996 film)

text: Mike Myers has acknowledged that the character of Mini-Me, a miniature version of the villain Dr. Evil in the "Austin Powers" films, was directly inspired by the character of Majai in this film.


title: Hawa Mahal

text: The Hawa Mahal is a palace in the city of Jaipur, India. Built from red and pink sandstone, it is on the edge of the City Palace, Jaipur, and extends to the "Zenana", or women's chambers.


title: Hawa Mahal

text: The structure was built in 1799 by the Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh, grandson of Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh, the founder of the city of Jaipur, India. He was so inspired by the unique structure of Khetri Mahal that he built this grand and historical palace.


title: Hawa Mahal

text: It was designed by Lal Chand Ustad. Its five-floor exterior is akin to a honeycomb with its 953 small windows called Jharokhas decorated with intricate latticework. The original intent of the lattice design was to allow royal ladies to observe everyday life and festivals celebrated in the street below without being seen, since they had to obey the strict rules of "purdah", which forbade them to appear in public without face coverings. This architectural feature also allowed cool air from the Venturi effect to pass through, thus making the whole area more pleasant during the high temperatures in summer. Many people see the Hawa Mahal from the street view and think it is the front of the palace, but it is the back.


title: Hawa Mahal

text: In 2006, renovation works on the Mahal were undertaken, after a gap of 50 years, to give a facelift to the monument at an estimated cost of Rs 4.568  million. The corporate sector lent a hand to preserve the historical monuments of Jaipur and the Unit Trust of India has adopted Hawa Mahal to maintain it.


title: Hawa Mahal

text: The palace is an extended part of a huge complex. The stone-carved screens, small casements, and arched roofs are some of the features of this popular tourist spot. The monument also has delicately modelled hanging cornices.


title: Hawa Mahal

text: This palace is a five-story pyramidal shaped monument that rises to about . The top three floors of the structure have the width of a single room, while the first and second floors have patios in front of them. The front elevation, as seen from the street, is like a honeycomb with small portholes. Each porthole has miniature windows and carved sandstone grills, finials and domes. It gives the appearance of a mass of semi-octagonal bays, giving the monument its unique façade. The inner face on the back side of the building consists of chambers built with pillars and corridors with minimal ornamentation, and reach up to the top floor. The interior of the palace has been described as "having rooms of different coloured marbles, relieved by inlaid panels or gilding; while fountains adorn the centre of the courtyard".


title: Hawa Mahal

text: Lal Chand Usta was the architect. Built-in red and pink coloured sandstone, in keeping with the décor of the other monuments in the city, its colour is a full testimony to the epithet of "Pink City" given to Jaipur. Its façade with 953 niches with intricately carved jharokhas (some are made of wood) is a stark contrast to the plain-looking rear side of the structure. Its cultural and architectural heritage is a reflection of a fusion of Hindu Rajput architecture and Islamic Mughal architecture; the Rajput style is seen in the form of domed canopies, fluted pillars, lotus, and floral patterns, and the Islamic style as evident in its stone inlay filigree work and arches (as distinguished from its similarity with the Panch Mahal at Fatehpur Sikri).


title: Hawa Mahal

text: The entry to the Hawa Mahal from the city palace side is through an imperial door. It opens into a large courtyard, which has double-storeyed buildings on three sides, with the Hawa Mahal enclosing it on the east side. An archaeological museum is also housed in this courtyard.


title: Hawa Mahal

text: Hawa Mahal was also known as the "chef-d'œuvre" of Maharaja Jai Singh as it was his favourite resort because of the elegance and built-in interior of the Mahal. The cooling effect in the chambers, provided by the breeze passing through the small windows of the façade, was enhanced by the fountains provided at the centre of each of the chambers.


title: Hawa Mahal

text: The top two floors of the Hawa Mahal are accessed only through ramps. The Mahal is maintained by the archaeological department of the Government of Rajasthan.


title: Kingdom: Legendary War

text: Kingdom: Legendary War () is a television program that aired on Mnet beginning on April 1, 2021, and ending on June 3, 2021. It is known as the male counterpart of "Queendom", and the sequel of "Road to Kingdom". During the finale on June 3, 2021, Stray Kids won the program, finishing in 1st place.


title: Kingdom: Legendary War

text: The program is a battle behind six trending K-pop boy groups: BtoB, IKon, SF9, Ateez, The Boyz, Stray Kids.The program features 4 rounds of performances, with the final round being broadcast live.


title: Kingdom: Legendary War

text: The winner of the show will get a reality show specially for the winning boy group, plus a "Kingdom Week" special shows.


title: Kingdom: Legendary War

text: A preliminary competition, titled "Road to Kingdom", aired from April 30 to June 18, 2020. The Boyz won the competition, securing a spot in "Kingdom". On December 6, through the 2020 Mnet Asian Music Awards, the first lineup for "Kingdom" was announced, and it consists of "Road to Kingdom"s winner The Boyz, alongside Stray Kids and Ateez.


title: Kingdom: Legendary War

text: On January 22, 2021, Mnet confirmed that the hosts of the show will be TVXQ. Six days after, the network confirmed that IKon, SF9, and BtoB would join the lineup.


title: Kingdom: Legendary War

text: On February 17, 2021, Mnet released the first trailer and announced a global live broadcast of the 100-second group introduction performances which is to be aired on February 23, 2021, via Mnet's YouTube channel.


title: Kingdom: Legendary War

text: On March 16, 2021, Mnet released performance posters and announced a special stage featuring members from each group that was shown during the March 18 episode of M Countdown.


title: Kingdom: Legendary War

text: The show was aired simulcast on Mnet Japan, AbemaTV in Japan and tvN Asia a day after the domestic broadcast.


title: Kingdom: Legendary War

text: The six boy groups will each perform one of their hit songs (that have won 1st place in a music show) for a 100-second performance that will best express themselves.


title: Kingdom: Legendary War

text: The six boy groups each perform one (or two) of their representative hit songs, which are rearranged and different from their usual stages of the song.


title: Kingdom: Legendary War

text: The premise of "No Limit" is that there are no restrictions for the performances in this round. A total of 40,000 points will be awarded in this round.


title: Kingdom: Legendary War

text: This round will be divided into two parts. The first parts involves the six individual groups being sorted into two larger teams (selected by Ateez, the highest scoring team in the previous round in terms of the total points in experts' votes plus self-evaluation). Each large team then divides its members into three smaller units - a dance unit, a vocal unit, and a rap unit, based on each individual idol's specialty. The corresponding units in each group will go against each other over three rounds - dance, vocal, and rap. The winning group in each of the three rounds will earn 5,000 points, which will be evenly distributed. The awarding of points is solely based on which group won each round. A total of 15,000 points are up for grabs.


title: Kingdom: Legendary War

text: The second part will be back in individual groups, with a total of 25,000 points to be distributed, in the same way as the other rounds. However, for the idol group's self-evaluations, each group can only vote for two teams, instead of three in previous rounds.


title: Kingdom: Legendary War

text: The six boy groups will each perform a newly produced song live on the final episode. The new songs will be released digitally on May 28, 2021, at 12:00 (KST).


title: Kingdom: Legendary War

text: In the ratings below, the highest rating for the show will be in and the lowest rating for the show will be in .


title: Kingdom: Legendary War

text: On March 29, 2021, controversy arose following the reports from industry representatives of an issue in the midst of recording performances during round one. Each group were notified the maximum budget for stage decoration would be ₩5 million won (approximately $4,416) per team. However, during the recording, agencies from group's who comparatively did not have an extravagant set and props that appeared to be far over the budget reportedly confronted the production team on the matter and questioned if it was due to CJ ENM investing in the other group's agency. According to the report, the production team countered by stating it was because the group's props were from their concert, but as the other groups have also had concerts with props that could've been used, their agencies continued to speak out.


title: Kingdom: Legendary War

text: In response, during the press conference held on April 1, CP Park Chan-wook stated: "I apologize that an issue was raised ahead of the show's premiere. But we did not have to halt the recording due to someone's complaint. There was also no favoritism towards a certain team. I hope that the six teams and their agencies were not harmed by this issue. For round two, we had discussions with each agency about the parts that were lacking in round one. We have all negotiated and agreed on a way to bring out each team's creatives well. Starting round three, with the conditions that all six teams have agreed on, we will make sure that there are no more issues like these."


title: Kingdom: Legendary War

text: Names of performing members that have also contributed to the songwriting will be highlighted in bold. The information below is detailed according to the songwriting credits available on the respective full performance videos uploaded on Mnet's official YouTube channel.


title: Van Hunt

text: Van Hunt (born March 8, 1970) is an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and record producer. He released his debut album, "Van Hunt", in 2004, and a follow-up, "On the Jungle Floor", in 2006, both on Capitol Records. He won the Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals for appearing on the tribute version of the Sly & the Family Stone song, "Family Affair", in 2007. He transitioned to Blue Note Records where his 2008 album, "Popular", was shelved and would not be released until 2017. He self-released the compilation album "Use in Case of Emergency" in 2009.


title: Van Hunt

text: Hunt was born in Dayton, Ohio. His father, Van Hunt Sr., was a friend of Ohio Players drummer Jimmy "Diamond" Williams. Hunt took up the drums at age 7, and saxophone at the age of 8, later adding bass and keyboards. Guitar was the last instrument he learned to play; he played guitar in a rock band called Royalty. Hunt moved to Arlington, Texas for a short time before relocating to Atlanta, Georgia in 1996 to attend Morehouse College, where he studied English, but soon dropped out. In Atlanta, he started producing a few hip-hop demos for Atlanta rappers in order to pay bills. Hunt met up-and-coming record producers and artists like Dallas Austin, Jermaine Dupri and TLC through his work on demos.


title: Van Hunt

text: Hunt wrote and co-produced the song "Hopeless" for singer Dionne Farris, formerly of Arrested Development, and joined her band on guitar and keyboards. "Hopeless" appeared on the soundtrack for the film "Love Jones" (1997). Hunt co-wrote several songs with Rahsaan Patterson on his album "Love in Stereo" (1999), and co-wrote with Cree Summer, including the song "Mean Sleep", for her album "Street Faërie" (1999), produced by Lenny Kravitz. He also collaborated with Joi on the single "Missing You" (2002). Through Dionne Farris, Hunt met A&R person Randy Jackson (who later went on to be a judge on Fox's "American Idol"). Jackson would become Hunt's manager in 2002.


title: Van Hunt

text: Hunt recorded much of the songs from his debut album in 2000. Producer Dallas Austin took Hunt's recording to Capitol Records, leading him to sign with the label in 2001. Hunt's first album, "Van Hunt", was released in February 2004. The album included the singles "Down Here in Hell (With You)", "Dust", and "Seconds of Pleasure", and was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Urban/Alternative Performance. Hunt's second album, "On the Jungle Floor", was released in 2006. The album featured the single, "Character," a revisited "Mean Sleep", as a duet with Nikka Costa, and a cover of "No Sense of Crime" by The Stooges. The album was co-produced by Bill Bottrell. Hunt has toured and appeared with Mary J. Blige, Alicia Keys, Boney James, The Roots, Seal, Angie Stone, Coldplay, The Brand New Heavies, the Dave Matthews Band, and Kanye West.


title: Van Hunt

text: In 2006, Hunt appeared with Nikka Costa on the Sam Moore album, "Overnight Sensational", on the song "If I Had No Loot". Hunt was also featured on "Half the Fun", a track on the Count Bass D album, "Act Your Waist Size", released on Fat Beats Records.


title: Van Hunt

text: In 2007, Hunt won a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals, along with John Legend and Joss Stone, for their cover of the Sly & the Family Stone song, "Family Affair", which appeared on the 2006 tribute album "Different Strokes by Different Folks". Hunt described winning the award as "one of the bigger pleasures I've had" to "The Athens Blur Magazine" in 2009.


title: Van Hunt

text: Hunt released the 4 track digital EP, "The Popular Machine", on August 7, 2007. Hunt announced a full-length album, "Popular", to be released on Blue Note Records on January 15, 2008. Hunt moved from Atlanta to Los Angeles in 2007 while the album was nearing completion. Blue Note had taken over Hunt's recording contract after corporate restructuring at Blue Note and Capitol's parent company, EMI. In December 2007, Blue Note announced that they would not be releasing the album, and that Hunt and the label mutually agreed to part ways. Hunt wrote on his MySpace blog in January 2008, that he couldn't promise that "Popular" would ever be officially released. Blue Note owns the master recordings and opted not to sell it back to him at an affordable price. Hunt commented that he "didn't think that they had enough money" to promote the album properly. "LA Weekly" called the album an "appealingly trippy fusion of funk grooves, punk guitar and soul vocals", and "a left-field stunner". Hunt told the Atlanta alternative weekly newspaper "Creative Loafing" that he was "devastated" when the label decided not to release the album. In August 2017, "Popular" finally saw an official release on all online distributors 10 years after it was shelved.


title: Van Hunt

text: As of June 2008, Hunt was recording a fourth album, which he planned to release himself and market using the Internet. Hunt has blogged about his new approach on his MySpace page. Hunt toured the U.S. in July and August 2008. Meanwhile, he released "Use in Case of Emergency", a compilation of demos, remixes and B-sides recorded between 1997 and 2005, through his Web site in May 2009. In 2009, Hunt performed on the theme song for the film Hurricane Season, entitled "Be on Our Way." Hunt has also been working on autobiographical book of short stories titled "Tales of Friction". In July 2009, Hunt told "The Atlanta Journal-Constitution" that he plans to release one more album and tour once more, but does not know what his plans are after that. Hunt performed at the National Black Arts Festival's tribute to Curtis Mayfield at Atlanta Symphony Hall on July 16, 2010.


title: Van Hunt

text: On June 14, 2011, Van Hunt took to his Twitter to announce the release of his first song in 3 years. The song "June" was released on June 15 at midnight via Mike Ragogna of The Huffington Post along with the announcement of the title of his forthcoming album ("What were you hoping for"?) and its release date. A subsequent longer article about the song "June" and the new album and Van's new approach would appear later that same day on the Music remedy website. This article would not only talk about the joint venture-between Hunt's own label Godless-hotspot and Thirty-Tigers. It also goes on to say that "June" is the first of a series of free songs that will be released from various sites up until the release of the new album. The next will be "eyes Like Pearls" the first official single from the album that is set to be released to radio sometime in July


title: Van Hunt

text: Van Hunt released updates of work on his upcoming album via PledgeMusic during the course of 2014. In March 2015, he announced the title of his album as "The Fun Rises, the Fun Sets", due for release on May 5, 2015. He previewed the release of the new album with the new single "Vega (Stripes On)", which was available for release via iTunes and Amazon and followed this up with another single, "Old Hat". Both tracks had official videos accompany their releases. The album charted at #31 on the US "Billboard" Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.


title: Jung Il-woo

text: Jung Il-woo (; born 9 September 1987) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for his roles in the sitcom "Unstoppable High Kick" (2006), and the television dramas "The Return of Iljimae" (2009), "49 Days" (2011), "Cool Guys, Hot Ramen" (2011), "Moon Embracing the Sun" (2012), and "Cinderella with Four Knights" (2016).


title: Jung Il-woo

text: The son of a former television news anchorman, Jung Il-woo studied Broadcasting at the Seoul Institute of the Arts, then later dropped out and transferred to the Theater and Film department of Hanyang University, graduating on 20 February 2014.


title: Jung Il-woo

text: Jung made his acting debut in 2006 with a minor role in the thriller "The World of Silence", but he first rose to fame playing a rebellious teen and motorcycle fanatic with a crush on his teacher in daytime family sitcom "Unstoppable High Kick". He then joined the ensemble cast of 2007 romantic comedy film "My Love".


title: Jung Il-woo

text: In 2009, Jung starred in his first leading role as a young warrior battling injustice in historical drama "The Return of Iljimae". This was followed by a supporting role in romantic comedy "My Fair Lady", as an idealistic, upper-class lawyer. He further challenged himself when he made his stage debut in 2010 as an HIV-positive gay man in the sold-out play "Beautiful Sunday", written by Japanese playwright Mayumi Nakatani.


title: Jung Il-woo

text: Jung's breakout role was in 2011 tearjerker "49 Days", in which he portrayed the Scheduler, a witty modern-day Grim Reaper. His popularity increased with his leading man turn in 2011 cable romantic comedy "Cool Guys, Hot Ramen", in which he played an arrogant, immature yet lovable chaebol heir. A supporting role in hit 2012 historical drama "Moon Embracing the Sun" followed; Jung played a prince who becomes his half-brother's rival in love and for the throne.


title: Jung Il-woo

text: Following the success of "Cool Guys, Hot Ramen" and "Moon Embracing the Sun", Jung was launched to stardom as a Hallyu star. He won the Asia Male Actor award at Beijing's Huading Awards, the first non-Chinese entertainer to be nominated at the awards show since it began in 2005.


title: Jung Il-woo

text: From 2013 to 2014, he played a prosecutor who falls in love with a girl from a family of orphans in "Golden Rainbow". This was followed by a leading role as a prince turned ghost-seeing night watchman who patrols the palace after curfew and keeps the king and his citizens safe, in the supernatural period drama "Diary of a Night Watchman".


title: Jung Il-woo

text: In 2015, Jung starred in the Korean-Chinese web drama "High-End Crush" opposite Jin Se-yeon. In less than a month, the drama series recorded over 200 million views. Jung then starred in the Chinese romantic comedy film "Rise of a Tomboy", where he plays the CEO of an IT firm who helps a girl develop a love formula for a mobile app.


title: Jung Il-woo

text: In January 2016, Jung signed with a new management agency, HB Entertainment. Jung made his return to Korean television in tvN's romantic comedy "Cinderella with Four Knights", playing a lonely and wild-child rebel who is not yet used to being a member of a rich family, having lived most of his life as an orphan.


title: Jung Il-woo

text: In 2017, Jung starred in "Gon Rak Game Ma Ya" (also known as "Love and Lies"), making him the first Korean actor to land a leading role in a Thailand drama. The drama emerged as a local sensation, and led to a rise of popularity for Jung in the country.


title: Jung Il-woo

text: In 2019, Jung starred in the historical action drama "Haechi". This marks his first project after enlistment.


title: Jung Il-woo

text: In 2022, Jung joins the ENA drama "Good Job", which is the second reunion with Kwon Yu-ri, and returns to the big screen with the film "Highway Family", which is slated for release in November, in October Jung has been postponed for the fan meeting, held in Tokyo and Osaka on November 1st and 4th due to the aftermath of the Seoul Halloween crowd crush.in December Jung has signed a contract with Studio 252.


title: Jung Il-woo

text: Jung is close friends with fellow actors Lee Min-ho and Kim Bum. Jung is a practicing Roman Catholic.


title: Jung Il-woo

text: In August 2006, Jung sustained injuries in a serious car accident while riding in the back of a car with childhood friend and fellow actor Lee Min-ho, who was badly injured in the accident. Their two friends riding in the front of the car did not survive. Jung was left with partial memory loss, causing him to forget parts of his past. He notes that he remembers things, such as people's faces, but not necessarily where they met, and therefore uses photographs to help him remember.


title: Jung Il-woo

text: In November 2016, he was diagnosed with a cerebral aneurysm. Although this would have exempted him from his mandatory military service, Jung enlisted in December 2016. Jung was discharged on November 30, 2018.


title: Jung Il-woo

text: On February 3, 2022, it was confirmed that Jung tested positive for COVID-19, while he had finished the third dose of the vaccine. Jung was contacted by a staff member after filming for SNL Korea Season 2 on January 30 to 31, 2022.


title: Bernard Hill

text: Bernard Hill (born 17 December 1944) is an English actor. He is well recognized for playing King Théoden in "The Lord of the Rings" film trilogy, Captain Edward Smith in "Titanic", and Luther Plunkitt, the Warden of San Quentin Prison in the Clint Eastwood film "True Crime". Hill was also known for playing roles in television dramas, including Yosser Hughes, the troubled "hard man" whose life is falling apart in Alan Bleasdale's "Boys from the Blackstuff" in the 1980s, and more recently, as the Duke of Norfolk in the BBC adaptation of Hilary Mantel's "Wolf Hall".


title: Bernard Hill

text: Hill was born in Blackley, Manchester. He was brought up in a Catholic family of miners. Hill attended Xaverian College, and then Manchester Polytechnic School of Drama at the same time as Richard Griffiths. He graduated with a diploma in theatre in 1970.


title: Bernard Hill

text: In 1976, Hill was seen as Police Constable Cluff in the Granada Television series "Crown Court", the episode entitled "The Jolly Swagmen"


title: Bernard Hill

text: Hill first came to prominence as Yosser Hughes, a working-class Liverpudlian man ultimately driven to the edge by an uncaring welfare system, in Alan Bleasdale's BBC "Play for Today" programme, "The Black Stuff", and its series sequel, "Boys from the Blackstuff". His character's much-repeated phrase "Gizza job" (""Give us a job"") became popular with protesters against Margaret Thatcher's Conservative government, because of the high unemployment of the time.


title: Bernard Hill

text: Hill then appeared as Sergeant Putnam in "Gandhi" (1982), directed by Richard Attenborough. Though Hill did not figure prominently in the cast, he benefited from being part of an Oscar-winning film. Next for him was Roger Donaldson’s "The Bounty" (1984), a fourth dramatisation of the mutiny on HMS "Bounty".


title: Bernard Hill

text: He had previously taken smaller parts in a number of British television dramas, appearing in the acclaimed "I, Claudius" in 1976 as Gratus, the no-nonsense soldier of Caligula's bodyguard who drew Claudius from his hiding-place in the palace, and presented him as the proper heir to the empire, and also as Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York in the BBC Television Shakespeare 1982 productions of Shakespeare's "Henry VI" plays.


title: Bernard Hill

text: In 1985, he played the lead role in a TV dramatisation of John Lennon's life, "A Journey in the Life". In addition to TV roles, Hill appeared on stage in "The Cherry Orchard", and the title roles in "Macbeth" and "A View from the Bridge".


title: Bernard Hill

text: Hill then received critical acclaim for his performance as Joe Bradshaw in "Shirley Valentine" (1989), about a Liverpool housewife (Pauline Collins) who was a former anti-establishment rebel and engages in an extramarital affair. Hill added more prominent films to his resume, including "Mountains of the Moon" (1990), "Skallagrigg" (1994) and "Madagascar Skin" (1995).


title: Bernard Hill

text: In the mid-1990s, Hill began appearing in films more regularly. His first major role came in "The Ghost and the Darkness" (1996), starring Val Kilmer as a bridge-building engineer who must trust a big game hunter (Michael Douglas) despite their mutual animosity; Hill portrayed the role of David Hawthorne. Hill then went down with the ship when he played Captain Edward J. Smith in "Titanic" (1997), by James Cameron, with whom Hill got along quite well — an experience not shared by most working on the film. Being in the then biggest grossing film of all time attracted attention to his career, as Hill became more sought-after for more prominent parts.


title: Bernard Hill

text: Hill played Philos in "The Scorpion King" (2002), starring Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson, Michael Clarke Duncan and Kelly Hu.


title: Bernard Hill

text: Hill became known to a worldwide audience when he was cast in the role of King Théoden of Rohan in Peter Jackson's "The Lord of the Rings" film trilogy based on Tolkien's novel of the same name. Before casting him as King Théoden, director Peter Jackson considered Hill for the part of Gandalf. When he was due to leave the set at the end of production, Jackson gave Hill two gifts, Théoden's helmet and sword Herugrim.


title: Bernard Hill

text: At the 2006 BAFTA TV Awards and International Emmy Award, Hill was nominated for his portrayal of David Blunkett in the one-off satirical drama, "A Very Social Secretary".


title: Bernard Hill

text: He held a minor role in the 2008 film "Valkyrie", as the commanding general of the 10th Panzer Division of the German "Afrika Korps" and as a voice actor for Sir Walter Beck in "Fable III" (2010).


title: Bernard Hill

text: He plays Samuel Cotton, who runs a sweet factory with his son in the 2014 three-part BBC drama series about Manchester "From There To Here".


title: Bernard Hill

text: Hill appears as Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk in the 2015 six-part BBC adaptation of Hilary Mantel's novels, "Wolf Hall".


title: Bernard Hill

text: He is married to Marianne, with whom he has a son named Gabriel. He lives in Suffolk. He is a longtime supporter of Manchester United FC. In 2019, he received an honorary degree from the University of East Anglia.


title: Dina Merrill

text: Dina Merrill (born Nedenia Marjorie Hutton; December 29, 1923 – May 22, 2017) was an American actress, heiress, socialite, businesswoman, and philanthropist.


title: Dina Merrill

text: Merrill was born in New York City on December 29, 1923, but for many years, her date of birth was given as December 9, 1925. She was the only child of Post Cereals heiress Marjorie Merriweather Post and her second husband, Wall Street stockbroker Edward Francis Hutton, founder of E. F. Hutton & Co. Merrill had two older half-sisters, Adelaide Brevoort Close (July 26, 1908 – December 31, 1998) and Eleanor Post Hutton (December 3, 1909 – November 27, 2006), by her mother's first marriage to Edward Bennett Close, grandfather of actress Glenn Close.


title: Dina Merrill

text: Merrill graduated from Miss Porter's School, then attended George Washington University in Washington, DC for one term, but then enrolled at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City. She studied acting at HB Studio under Uta Hagen.


title: Dina Merrill

text: On advice from her half-sister's (then) husband, she adopted the stage name Dina Merrill, borrowing from Charles E. Merrill, a famous stockbroker like her father. Merrill made her debut on the stage in the play "The Mermaid Singing" in 1945.


title: Dina Merrill

text: During the late 1950s and 1960s, Merrill was believed to have been marketed as a replacement for Grace Kelly, and in 1959, she was proclaimed "Hollywood's new Grace Kelly".


title: Dina Merrill

text: Merrill's film credits included "Desk Set" (1957), "A Nice Little Bank That Should Be Robbed" (1958), "Don't Give Up the Ship" (1959), "Operation Petticoat" (1959, with Cary Grant, who had been married to her cousin, Woolworth heiress Barbara Hutton), "The Sundowners" (1960), "Butterfield 8" (1960), "The Young Savages" (1961), "The Courtship of Eddie's Father" (1963), "I'll Take Sweden" (1965), "The Greatest" (1977), "A Wedding" (1978), "Just Tell Me What You Want" (1980), "Anna to the Infinite Power" (1983), "Twisted" (1986), "Caddyshack II" (1988), "Fear" (1990), "True Colors" (1991), "The Player" (1992), "Suture" (1993), and "Shade" (2003). She also appeared in made-for-TV movies, such as "Seven in Darkness" (1969), "The Lonely Profession" (1969), "Family Flight" (1972), and "The Tenth Month" (1979).


title: Dina Merrill

text: Merrill appeared in numerous television series in the 1960s, such as playing the villain Calamity Jan in two 1968 episodes of "Batman" with then-husband Cliff Robertson. She also made guest appearances on two "Bonanza" episodes as Susannah Clauson, "The Alfred Hitchcock Hour" episode "Bonfire" (1962), "The Investigators", "The Bold Ones", "Wagon Train" (1964), "", "The Love Boat"; "Quincy, M.E."; "Murder, She Wrote"; "Roseanne", and "The Nanny", as Maxwell Sheffield's disapproving and distant British mother. In 1971, Merrill appeared as Laura Duff in "The Men from Shiloh" (rebranded name for the TV Western "The Virginian") in the episode titled "The Angus Killer".


title: Dina Merrill

text: Her stage credits include the 1983 Broadway revival of the Rodgers and Hart musical "On Your Toes", starring Russian prima ballerina Natalia Makarova. In 1991, she appeared in the rotating cast of the off-Broadway staged reading of "Wit & Wisdom".


title: Dina Merrill

text: In 1991, Merrill and her third husband Ted Hartley merged their company Pavilion Communications with RKO to form RKO Pictures, which owns the intellectual property of the RKO Radio Pictures movie studio.


title: Dina Merrill

text: In the 1960s and 1970s, Merrill was a recurring guest on several network television game and panel shows, including "Match Game", "To Tell the Truth", "What's My Line", and "Hollywood Squares".


title: Dina Merrill

text: Merrill was a presidential appointee to the board of trustees of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, a trustee of the Eugene O'Neill Theater Center, and a vice president of the New York City Mission Society. In 1980, Merrill joined the board of directors of her father's E. F. Hutton & Co., continuing on the board and the compensation committee of Lehman Brothers when it acquired Hutton, for over 18 years.


title: Dina Merrill

text: Merrill was married three times. In 1946, she wed Stanley M. Rumbough Jr., an heir to the Colgate-Palmolive toothpaste fortune and entrepreneur. They had three children, Nedenia Colgate Rumbough; David Post Rumbough; and Stanley Rumbough, III, before divorcing in 1966. Later that year, she wed actor Cliff Robertson, with whom she had a daughter, Heather Robertson. The couple divorced in 1986.


title: Dina Merrill

text: On May 22, 2017, Merrill died at her home in East Hampton, New York at age 93. She had been suffering from dementia with Lewy bodies.