title: V8 engine

text: From 1999 to 2000, Mitsubishi briefly sold the Mitsubishi 8A8 engine, which was a all-aluminium V8 engine with double overhead camshafts and direct injection. The engine was fitted to the Mitsubishi Proudia luxury sedan and Mitsubishi Dignity limousine, however financial pressures forced the company to discontinue sales of both these vehicles after only fifteen months.


title: V8 engine

text: The 1965–1989 Nissan Y engine is Nissan's first V8 engine, which uses a pushrod design and had a displacement of . Its main use was in the Nissan President limousine. The Y engine was replaced by the 1989–2001 Nissan VH engine, which is an all-aluminium construction with double overhead camshafts and displacements of . This was replaced by the Nissan VK engine in 2002, which remains in production to the present day. The VK engine is an all-aluminium construction with double overhead camshafts and displacements of .


title: V8 engine

text: The first mass-produced Japanese V8 engine was the Toyota V engine, which was introduced in the 1964 Toyota Crown Eight luxury car. The Toyota V engine was an all-aluminium construction, used a pushrod valvetrain and was produced until 1997. The Toyota UZ engine has double overhead camshafts and was produced 1989–2013, while the Toyota UR engine added direct injection and has been in production since 2006.


title: V8 engine

text: From 2006 to 2009, the Toyota Racing Formula One team cars were powered by naturally-aspirated V8 engines, as mandated by the Formula One rules. These Toyota engines were rated to produce at 19,000 rpm ( at 18,000 rpm for 2009), and were also used by the Williams, Midland, and Jordan teams.


title: V8 engine

text: Hyundai's first passenger car V8 engine was the 1999–2009 Hyundai Omega engine, which was based on the Mitsubishi 8A8 engine (see above). The Omega engine was replaced by the Hyundai Tau engine, which is an all-aluminium construction with double overhead camshafts and has been produced from 2008–present.


title: V8 engine

text: Volvo developed the B36 V8 engine in 1952 intended to be used in the planned Volvo Philip car. The project was canceled, but the engine was used in trucks from 1956.


title: V8 engine

text: Koenigsegg initially used twin-supercharged versions of the Ford Modular V8 engine in its 2002–2004 Koenigsegg CC8S and 2004–2006 Koenigsegg CCR. The company switched to its own twin-supercharged engine for the 2006–2010 Koenigsegg CCX. A twin-turbocharged V8 engine was introduced in the 2011 Koenigsegg Agera and has been used on all models since.


title: V8 engine

text: The 1958–1967 ZIL-111 limousine was among the first Soviet cars to be powered by a V8 engine. The engine was an all-aluminium construction with a pushrod valvetrain. Production of ZIL limousines powered by V8 engines continued until the ZIL-41047 was discontinued in 2002.


title: V8 engine

text: The 1959–1988 GAZ Chaika was powered by a V8 engine with an all-aluminium construction and a pushrod valvetrain. This engine was also used in several limited-edition models for the KGB.


title: V8 engine

text: Also, diesel engines of the V8 configuration are produced by the Yaroslavl Motor Plant, KamAZ . Sollers produces gasoline engines for Aurus cars .


title: V8 engine

text: The 1969–1972 Aston Martin DBS V8 coupe/convertible was Aston Martin's first V8 model. This engine was an all-aluminium construction with double overhead camshafts and was used in several models up until 2000 when the Virage model was discontinued.


title: V8 engine

text: Production of V8-engined Aston Martin cars resumed in 2005 with a new generation of the Vantage, powered by the Jaguar AJ-V8 naturally aspirated V8 engine. Since 2016, Aston Martin has switched to the Mercedes-Benz M177 turbocharged V8 engine, beginning with the DB11 model.


title: V8 engine

text: Every McLaren road car since the brand's 2010 relaunch has been powered by the McLaren M838T twin-turbocharged V8 engine, which was introduced in the McLaren 12C (then called the 'MP4-12C') coupe. This engine is an all-aluminium construction with double overhead camshafts and a flat-plane crankshaft.


title: V8 engine

text: The first V8 engine to be produced in the United Kingdom was fitted to the 1905 Rolls-Royce V-8, of which 3 cars were produced. This engine used a side valve design, a V-angle of 90 degrees and had a displacement of .


title: V8 engine

text: Mass-production of V8 engines began in 1959 with the release of the Rolls-Royce–Bentley L-series V8 engine in the Rolls-Royce Silver Cloud II, the Rolls-Royce Phantom IV, and the Bentley S2. This engine is an all-aluminium construction with a pushrod valvetrain and a V-angle of 90 degrees. It has been produced in displacements of , with a twin-turbocharged version introduced in 1985. The L-series V8 engine remains in production in the Bentley Mulsanne luxury sedan.


title: V8 engine

text: Rover began production of automotive V8 engines in 1967 with the Rover V8 engine. This engine used the design and tooling of the Buick V8 engine purchased from General Motors. The Rover V8 is an all-aluminium construction with a pushrod valvetrain, displacements of and a V-angle of 90 degrees. It was used in various automobiles by Rover, Land Rover, and MG.


title: V8 engine

text: The Daimler V8 engine was introduced in the 1959 Daimler SP250 sports car and was produced until 1969. This engine has an iron block, an alloy cylinder head, a pushrod drivetrain and was produced in displacements of .


title: V8 engine

text: The Jaguar AJ-V8 engine— Jaguar's first V8 engine for road cars— has been in production since 1996. This engine is an all-aluminium construction with double overhead camshafts. It has been produced in both naturally aspirated and supercharged configurations.


title: V8 engine

text: Land Rover and Range Rover produced vehicles fitted with the Rover V8 naturally aspirated petrol engine 1970–2004, the Ford TDV8 turbocharged diesel engine 2007–2012, the BMW M62 naturally aspirated petrol engine 2002–2006 and N63 twin-turbo petrol V8 from 2022, the Jaguar AJ-V8 from petrol engine (in both naturally aspirated and supercharged configurations) from 2006–present and the Ford 4.4 Turbo Diesel engine from 2010–present.


title: V8 engine

text: The 1970–1977 Triumph V8 was used solely for the Triumph Stag coupe. This engine had a cast-iron block, an aluminium cylinder head, single overhead camshafts and a displacement of .


title: V8 engine

text: The 1996–2003 TVR Speed Eight engine was used in the Cerbera road cars and the Tuscan Challenge racing cars. This engine had an all-aluminium construction, single overhead camshafts, a flat-plane crankshaft, and an unusual V-angle of 75 degrees.


title: V8 engine

text: The first automotive V8 engine to reach production was the 1914–1935 Cadillac L-Head engine introduced in the Type 51. The L-head had an alloy crankcase, a single iron casting for each cylinder block and head, side valves, a flat-plane crankshaft and a displacement of . An electric starter motor was used, eliminating the large engines being difficult to start with hand-cranking. The Cadillac engine was followed by a V8 model from Peerless (using an engine manufactured by an amusement park manufacturer) in 1915.


title: V8 engine

text: The first American V8 production engine with overhead valves (a 'pushrod' engine) was used by the 1917 Chevrolet Series D. This engine used a counterweighted crankshaft, a detachable crossflow cylinder head, and had a displacement of . Production of the Series D models ceased in 1918.


title: V8 engine

text: The 1924 Cadillac Type V-63 was powered by the first American V8 to use a cross-plane crankshaft, which reduced vibrations. A year later, Peerless also introduced a cross-plane crankshaft V8. Other manufacturers producing V8 engines by the mid-1920s included Lincoln, Ferro, Northway (supplier to Cadillac), Cole (Indianapolis and Mississippi), Perkins (Detroit), Murray, Vernon, and Yale.


title: V8 engine

text: A significant development in providing V8 engines in more affordable cars was the 1932–1954 Ford Flathead V8. The Flathead V8 reduced production costs by using a monobloc (or "en block") construction, where each cylinder bank is made from a single piece of cast metal. The engine was fitted to the low-cost Ford Model 18 car, offering superior performance to its competitors.


title: V8 engine

text: Demand for larger cars increased in the years following World War II and the wider bodies were well suited to the fitment of V8 engines. This led to many manufacturers introducing overhead valve V8 engines, such as the 1949–1964 Oldsmobile Rocket engine, the 1949–1962 Cadillac 331 engine, the 1951–1958 , the Studebaker's 1952 V8 engine, the 1953–1966 Buick Nailhead engine, the 1954–2002 Chevrolet small-block engine, the 1954–1963 Lincoln Y-block V8 engine, the 1955–1981 Pontiac V8 engine, and the 1956–1967 AMC Rambler engine.


title: V8 engine

text: Engine displacements grew in conjunction with the expanding size of full-size cars through the 1950s to mid-1970s. This led to 'big block' engines such as:


title: V8 engine

text: The classification of 'big-block' or 'small-block' refers to the engine's external dimensions and is not necessarily indicative of the actual engine displacement. Engines with displacements between have been classified as both small-block and big-block, depending on the particular manufacturer's range of engines. Big-block engines reached their zenith with the Cadillac 500 engine used in the 1970 Cadillac Eldorado coupe. During the 1970s, due to the oil crises and the gradual tightening of emission standards, big-block V8s were affected and as a result, their use in passenger cars decreased as manufacturers began to phase them out for more efficient designs.


title: V8 engine

text: Prior to the late 1970s, sharing of engines across General Motors' divisions was not commonplace. This enabled each division to have its own unique engine character but made for much duplication of effort. The company has since implemented sharing of engines across divisions, however, some divisions (such as Cadillac) still maintain some engines specific to their division. Ford and Chrysler had fewer divisions and favoured brand-specific shared designs.


title: V8 engine

text: In 2011 GM built its 100-millionth unit of the Chevrolet small-block engine, making that engine family the most produced V8 engine in the world.


title: V8 engine

text: American manufacturers continue to produce large displacement V8 engines, despite the strategy of downsizing engines (often in conjunction with turbocharging) being adopted by many European and Asian manufacturers. These engines continued to use pushrod (overhead valve) valvetrains long after most overseas engines had switched to dual overhead camshaft designs. Examples include the Chrysler Apache engine produced from 2011–present, the "Ford Godzilla engine" produced from 2020–present, and the Chevrolet L8T engine produced from 2020–present.


title: V8 engine

text: Cadillac's Cadillac LTA engine codenamed "Blackwing" developed, hand built, and exclusively used by Cadillac on its mid-range vehicles sporty sedans and coupes employs a turbocharged configuration with double overhead camshaft valve train, marking the first time in the brand's 100-plus-year history that a twin-turbo charged V8 unit is used.


title: V8 engine

text: V8 engines have been used in many forms of motorsport, from Formula One, IndyCar and NASCAR circuit racing, to Top Fuel drag racing.


title: V8 engine

text: Among the first V8 Formula One cars to compete were the 1952 AFM entry and the 1954 Lancia D50, with a development of the latter powering Juan Manuel Fangio's 1956 car to victory in the driver's championship. The 1.5 L Formula One era of 1961–1965 included V8 engines from Ferrari, Coventry Climax, British Racing Motors (BRM), and Automobili Turismo e Sport (ATS). The driver's championships for the 1962, 1963, 1964, and 1965 seasons were won by drivers of V8-powered cars. Also, from 1962 to 1965, the top three manufacturers in each season's Constructor's Championship all predominantly used V8 engines in their cars. In 1966, the engine capacity limits were increased to 3.0 litres (or 1.5 litres with a supercharger), and 1966–1967 Constructor's Championships were won by cars powered by the Brabham-Repco V8 engine.


title: V8 engine

text: From 1968 to 1981, the Cosworth DFV V8 engine dominated Formula One racing. During this time, the Manufacturers' Championship was won by Cosworth DFV powered cars every season except 1975, 1976, 1977, and 1979, which were won by 12-cylinder Ferraris. After a very long period of dominance, the Cosworth DFV was eventually outpaced by turbocharged straight-four and V6 engines.


title: V8 engine

text: The next period of significant V8 usage in Formula One was from 2006 to 2013, when the rules mandated use of naturally-aspirated V8 engines, with regular power outputs between 730 and 810 hp (in order to reduce the power outputs being achieved by the previous 3.0 litre V10 engines). These were replaced by 1.6 litre turbocharged V6 engines for the 2014–present seasons.


title: V8 engine

text: American premier stock car racing NASCAR series has been dominated by V8 engines since its inaugural 1949 season.


title: V8 engine

text: In the American Top Fuel class of drag racing, V8 engines displacing today produce outputs of over . and . The engines used in Top Fuel and Funny car drag racing are typically based on the aluminum-conversion and run on highly explosive nitromethane fuel.


title: V8 engine

text: The world's fastest non-jet-powered (i.e. piston-engine powered) wheeled land vehicle, the Speed Demon, which achieved a speed of 462.345 mph in 2017, is powered by an V8 engine based on the Chevrolet small-block engine design.


title: V8 engine

text: Several early aircraft engines used a V8 configuration, such as the French 1904 Antoinette engine and 1906 Buchet engines. During World War One, V8 aircraft engines included the French Renault 8G, the Spanish Hispano-Suiza 8, the British Sunbeam Arab, and the American Curtiss OX-5.


title: V8 engine

text: After this time, flat-eight engines became more commonplace than V8 engines due to their lighter crankshafts and better suitability to air cooling. One of the few remaining V8 airplane engines by World War Two was the German Argus As 10 inverted V8, which was air-cooled and used in several trainer as well as small utility aircraft.


title: V8 engine

text: The V8 configuration is not commonly used in marine vessels, however, several marine diesel V8 engines have been produced by companies such as Brons, Scania, and Yanmar.


title: V8 engine

text: Engines from American Motors Corporation (AMC) were used from 1957 to 1968. They were marketed as "Fireball" inboards and available in versions using a variety of carburettor combinations including single and dual Carter one barrel YH side-drafts, Carter two-barrel, and Carter AFB/AVS four-barrel types. The engine is mostly the same as for automobile applications, with changes to freeze plugs and cam profiles (to reduce top rpm) but often has a reverse rotation for use in twin-engine boats.


title: V8 engine

text: Wärtsilä 31, a four-stroke medium-speed diesel engine manufactured by Wärtsilä, is one of the few large marine diesel engines available in V8 configuration. The 8V31 model, which has a cylinder bore of , is available as diesel (8V31), dual-fuel (8V31DF), and pure gas (8V31SG) configurations with an output of depending on the model.


title: V8 engine

text: Until Boss Hoss Cycles began production in 1990, the few V8 motorcycles made were either prototypes or racing machines.


title: V8 engine

text: In 1907, Glen Curtiss set an unofficial world record of on a home-made motorcycle. The Moto Guzzi V8 was a motorcycle capable of used for Grand Prix racing from 1955 to 1957. The 1994 Morbidelli V8 was a concept motorcycle which did not reach production. , Boss Hoss had sold over 4,000 bikes and trikes with Chevrolet V8 car engines.


title: Brent Spiner

text: Brent Jay Spiner (; born February 2, 1949) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as the android Data on the television series "", as well as four subsequent films. In 2019, he reprised the role for "". In 1997, he won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor for his portrayal of Data in "", and was nominated in the same category for portraying Dr. Brackish Okun in "Independence Day", a role he reprised in "". Spiner has also enjoyed a career in the theater and as a musician.


title: Brent Spiner

text: Brent Jay Spiner was born on February 2, 1949, in Houston, Texas, to Jewish parents Sylvia ("née" Schwartz) and Jack Spiner, who owned a furniture store. At age 29, Jack Spiner died of kidney failure when his son was ten months old. After his father's death, Spiner was adopted by his mother's second husband, Sol Mintz, whose surname he used between 1955 and 1975.


title: Brent Spiner

text: Spiner attended Bellaire High School in Bellaire, Texas. He became active on the Bellaire speech team, winning the national championship in dramatic interpretation. He attended the University of Houston, where he performed in local theater. In 1968, Spiner worked as a performer at Six Flags Astroworld, first as a gunfighter and later in Dr. Featherflowers Medicine Show with his friend Trey Wilson. Both performers alternated as Dr. Featherflowers. Spiner also performed the role in the 1968 TV special "The Pied Piper of Astroworld".


title: Brent Spiner

text: Spiner moved to New York City in the early 1970s, where he became a stage actor, performing in several Broadway and off-Broadway plays, including "The Three Musketeers" and Stephen Sondheim's "Sunday in the Park with George". He had a brief non-speaking role in the film "Stardust Memories", credited as "Fan in Lobby", the one with a Polaroid. He can also be seen as a passenger on the train full of misfits that the Allen character is trapped on in one of the films-within-the-film.


title: Brent Spiner

text: Spiner appeared as a media technician in "The Advocates", a second-season episode of the Showtime cable series "The Paper Chase". In 1984, he moved to Los Angeles, where he appeared in several pilots and made-for-TV movies. He played a recurring character on "Night Court", Bob Wheeler, patriarch of a rural family. In 1986, he played a condemned soul in "Dead Run", an episode of the revival of Rod Serling's series "The Twilight Zone" on CBS. He made two appearances in season three (1986) of the situation comedy "Mama's Family", playing two different characters. Spiner's first and only starring film role was in "Rent Control" (1984). In the "Cheers" episode "Never Love a Goalie, Part II", he played acquitted murder suspect Bill Grand. Spiner also appeared in the "Tales from the Darkside" episode, "A Case of the Stubborns", as a preacher. He portrayed Jim Stevens in the made-for-TV movie "Manhunt for Claude Dallas".


title: Brent Spiner

text: In 1987, Spiner started portraying the android Starfleet officer Lieutenant Commander Data on "", which spanned seven seasons and four feature films. As a main character, he appeared in all but one of the series' 178 episodes. He reprised his role in the spin-off films "Star Trek Generations" (1994), "" (1996), "" (1998), and "" (2002). Although billed as the final "Trek" movie for the "TNG" cast, the ambiguous ending of "" suggested a possible avenue for the return of Data. However, Spiner opined that he was too old to continue playing the part, as Data does not age. He played Lore, the Android brother of Data, in the "" and another brother of his, B-4, in "" (2002).


title: Brent Spiner

text: In 2004, Spiner returned to "Star Trek" when he appeared as Dr. Arik Soong, an ancestor of Data's creator Dr. Noonien Soong, whom he also played in a three-episode story arc of "": "", "Cold Station 12", and "The Augments".


title: Brent Spiner

text: Spiner also recorded dialogue as Data that was heard in the final episode of "", "These Are the Voyages...", which aired in 2005.


title: Brent Spiner

text: Eighteen years after last appearing as Data, he reprised the role in the 2020 "Star Trek" series "" as well as Dr Altan Inigo Soong, the son of Data's creator Dr Noonien Soong. Spiner has stated that he does not intend to play that role again, though he might be open to playing the role of Altan Soong. In Season 2 he plays another ancestor of Dr Noonien Soong, Dr Adam Soong.


title: Brent Spiner

text: In addition to the series and films, he voiced his character in several "Star Trek" video games, such as "Star Trek: Generations", "", "", and "".


title: Brent Spiner

text: In 1991, Spiner recorded an album of 1940s pop standards, "Ol' Yellow Eyes Is Back", the title of which was a play on the yellow contact lenses Spiner wore as Data, and the title of a Frank Sinatra record, "Ol' Blue Eyes Is Back". In 1997, he returned to Broadway, playing John Adams in the Roundabout Theater Company revival of the musical "1776". The production was nominated for a Tony Award. A cast recording was released of the revival production.


title: Brent Spiner

text: Spiner has appeared in many television series, including "Deadly Games", "The Blacklist", "Dream On", "Gargoyles", "", "Mad About You" and "The Outer Limits". In the series "The Big Bang Theory" and "Joey", he appeared as himself. He has acted in the movies "The Aviator", "Dude, Where's My Car?", "I Am Sam", "Independence Day", "", "The Master of Disguise", "Out to Sea", "Phenomenon", "The Ponder Heart" and "". His television-movie appearances during this period include the 2000 musical "Geppetto" and the role of Dorothy Dandridge's manager and confidant, Earl Mills, in the HBO production "Introducing Dorothy Dandridge".


title: Brent Spiner

text: In 2005, Spiner appeared in a short-lived science-fiction television series "Threshold", which was canceled in November of that year after 13 episodes. In 2006, he appeared in a feature film comedy, "Material Girls", with Hilary and Haylie Duff.


title: Brent Spiner

text: During the 10th season of the situation comedy "Frasier", in the episode "Lilith Needs a Favor", Spiner made two brief cameos as a fellow airline passenger with Frasier Crane's ex-wife, Lilith Sternin.


title: Brent Spiner

text: In March 2008, Spiner performed alongside Maude Maggart in a radio show/musical, "Dreamland", which was released as a CD album.


title: Brent Spiner

text: In 2008, Spiner played Dr. Strom in the feature film parody "Superhero Movie". In February 2009, he played William Quint in "The Juror #6 Job", an episode of the drama series "Leverage" directed by his "Next Generation" co-star Jonathan Frakes. That same year, he voiced himself in the "Family Guy" episode "Not All Dogs Go to Heaven".


title: Brent Spiner

text: In 2010, Spiner and fellow "Star Trek: The Next Generation" actor LeVar Burton appeared on TWiT.tv's coverage of the Consumer Electronics Show.


title: Brent Spiner

text: In April 2011, Spiner began starring in "Fresh Hell", a comic webseries in which he plays a version of himself, attempting to put his career back together after falling out of the limelight.


title: Brent Spiner

text: He appeared as Dr. Kern in the September 12, 2011, episode of the Syfy channel program "Alphas" entitled "Blind Spot". In October 2011, he appeared as himself in the episode "The Russian Rocket Reaction" of "The Big Bang Theory". The day after his guest appearance, it was announced that Spiner would guest-star in the "Young Justice" episode "Revelation", providing the voice of the Joker. Spiner has also guest-starred on the Syfy program "Warehouse 13" as Brother Adrian in the third and fourth seasons.


title: Brent Spiner

text: In October 2021, Spiner released "Fan Fiction: A Mem-Noir: Inspired by True Events", a mixture of memoir (taking place during the filming of the fourth season of "Star Trek: The Next Generation") and a fictitious noir detective story about Spiner dealing with a crazed, murderous fan who claims to be the fictitious Lal, the android daughter of Data in the third-season TNG episode, "". The audiobook version, primarily narrated by Spiner, featured vocal cameos from Spiner's TNG co-stars, Patrick Stewart, Jonathan Frakes, Michael Dorn, LeVar Burton, Marina Sirtis, and Gates McFadden.


title: Diahann Carroll

text: Diahann Carroll (; born Carol Diann Johnson; July 17, 1935 – October 4, 2019) was an American actress, singer, model, and activist. She rose to prominence in some of the earliest major studio films to feature black casts, including "Carmen Jones" (1954) and "Porgy and Bess" (1959). In 1962, Carroll won a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical, a first for an African-American woman, for her role in the Broadway musical "No Strings." In 1974 she starred in "Claudine" alongside James Earl Jones for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress.


title: Diahann Carroll

text: Her title role in "Julia", for which she received the 1968 Golden Globe Award for Best TV Star – Female, was the first series on American television to star a black woman in a non-stereotypical role, and was a milestone both in her career and the medium. In the 1980s, she played the role of Dominique Deveraux, a mixed-race diva, in the prime time soap opera "Dynasty". In 1997, she had a significant role in the acclaimed hit indie film "Eve's Bayou". Carroll was the recipient of numerous stage and screen nominations and awards, including her Tony Award in 1962, Golden Globe Award in 1968, and five Emmy Award nominations. She died on October 4, 2019, from breast cancer.


title: Diahann Carroll

text: Carol Diann Johnson was born in the Bronx, New York City, on July 17, 1935, to John Johnson, a subway conductor, and Mabel (Faulk), a nurse. While Carroll was still an infant, the family moved to Harlem, where she grew up except for a brief period in which her parents had left her with an aunt in North Carolina. She attended Music and Art High School, and was a classmate of Billy Dee Williams. In many interviews about her childhood, Carroll recalls her parents' support, and their enrolling her in dance, singing, and modeling classes. By the time Carroll was 15, she was modeling for "Ebony". "She also began entering television contests, including "Arthur Godfrey's Talent Scouts," under the name Diahann Carroll." After graduating from high school, she attended New York University, where she majored in sociology, "but she left before graduating to pursue a show-business career, promising her family that if the career did not materialize after two years, she would return to college."


title: Diahann Carroll

text: Carroll's big break came at the age of 18, when she appeared as a contestant on the DuMont Television Network program, "Chance of a Lifetime", hosted by Dennis James. On the show, which aired January 8, 1954, she took the $1,000 top prize for a rendition of the Jerome Kern/Oscar Hammerstein song, "Why Was I Born?" She went on to win the following four weeks. Engagements at Manhattan's Café Society and Latin Quarter nightclubs soon followed.


title: Diahann Carroll

text: Carroll's film debut was a supporting role in "Carmen Jones" (1954), as a friend to the sultry lead character played by Dorothy Dandridge. That same year, she was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for her role in the Broadway musical, "House of Flowers". A few years later, she played Clara in the film version of George Gershwin's "Porgy and Bess" (1959), but her character's singing parts were dubbed by opera singer Loulie Jean Norman. The following year, Carroll made a guest appearance in the series "Peter Gunn", in the episode "Sing a Song of Murder" (1960). In the next two years, she starred with Sidney Poitier, Paul Newman, and Joanne Woodward in the film "Paris Blues" (1961) and won the 1962 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical (the first time for a Black woman) for portraying Barbara Woodruff in the Samuel A. Taylor and Richard Rodgers musical "No Strings". Twelve years later, she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for her starring role alongside James Earl Jones in the film "Claudine" (1974), which part had been written specifically for actress Diana Sands (who had made guest appearances on "Julia" as Carroll's cousin Sara), but shortly before filming was to begin, Sands learned she was terminally ill with cancer. Sands attempted to carry on with the role, but as filming began, she became too ill to continue and recommended her friend Carroll take over the role. Sands died in September 1973, before the film's release in April 1974.


title: Diahann Carroll

text: Carroll is known for her titular role in the television series "Julia" (1968-71), which made her the first African-American actress to star in her own television series who did not play a domestic worker. That role won her the Golden Globe Award for Best TV Star – Female for its first year, and a nomination for an Primetime Emmy Award in 1969. Some of Carroll's earlier work also included appearances on shows hosted by Johnny Carson, Judy Garland, Merv Griffin, Jack Paar, and Ed Sullivan, and on "The Hollywood Palace" variety show. In 1984, Carroll joined the nighttime soap opera "Dynasty" at the end of its fourth season as the mixed-race jet set diva Dominique Deveraux, Blake Carrington's half-sister. Her high-profile role on "Dynasty" also reunited her with her schoolmate Billy Dee Williams, who briefly played her onscreen husband Brady Lloyd. Carroll remained on the show and made several appearances on its short-lived spin-off, "The Colbys" until she departed at the end of the seventh season in 1987. In 1989, she began the recurring role of Marion Gilbert in "A Different World", for which she received her third Emmy nomination that same year.


title: Diahann Carroll

text: In 1991, Carroll portrayed Eleanor Potter, the doting, concerned, and protective wife of Jimmy Potter (portrayed by Chuck Patterson), in the musical drama film "The Five Heartbeats" (1991), also featuring actor and musician Robert Townsend and Michael Wright. She reunited with Billy Dee Williams again in 1995, portraying his character's wife Mrs. Greyson in "". The following year, Carroll starred as the self-loving and deluded silent movie star Norma Desmond in the Canadian production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical version of the film "Sunset Boulevard". In 2001, Carroll made her animation debut in "The Legend of Tarzan", in which she voiced Queen La, ruler of the ancient city of Opar.


title: Diahann Carroll

text: In 2006, Carroll appeared in several episodes the television medical drama "Grey's Anatomy" as Jane Burke, the demanding mother of Dr. Preston Burke. From 2008 to 2014, she appeared on USA Network's series "White Collar" in the recurring role of June, the savvy widow who rents out her guest room to Neal Caffrey. In 2010, Carroll was featured in UniGlobe Entertainment's breast cancer docudrama titled "1 a Minute," and appeared as Nana in two Lifetime movie adaptations of Patricia Cornwell novels: "At Risk" and "The Front".


title: Diahann Carroll

text: In 2013, Carroll was present on stage at the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards to briefly speak about being the first African-American nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award. She was quoted as saying about Kerry Washington, nominated for "Scandal", "she better get this award."


title: Diahann Carroll

text: Carroll was married four times. Her father boycotted the ceremony for her first wedding, in 1956, to record producer Monte Kay, which was presided over by Adam Clayton Powell Jr. at the Abyssinian Baptist Church in Harlem. The marriage ended in 1962. Carroll gave birth to her daughter, Suzanne Kay (born September 9, 1960), who became a journalist and screenwriter.


title: Diahann Carroll

text: In 1959, Carroll began a nine-year affair with the married actor Sidney Poitier. In her autobiography, Carroll said Poitier persuaded her to divorce her husband and said he would leave his wife to be with her. While she proceeded with her divorce, Poitier did not keep his part of the bargain. Eventually he divorced his wife. According to Poitier, their relationship ended because he wanted to live with Carroll for six months without her daughter present so he would not be "jumping from one marriage straight into another." She refused.


title: Diahann Carroll

text: Carroll dated and was engaged to British television host and producer David Frost from 1970 until 1973. In February 1973, Carroll surprised the press by marrying Las Vegas boutique owner Fred Glusman. After four months of marriage Glusman filed for divorce in June 1973. Carroll filed a response, but did not contest the divorce, which was finalized two months later. Glusman was reportedly physically abusive.


title: Diahann Carroll

text: On May 25, 1975, Carroll, then aged 39, married Robert DeLeon, the 24-year-old managing editor of "Jet" magazine. They met when DeLeon assigned himself to a cover story on Carroll about her 1975 Oscar nomination for "Claudine". DeLeon had a child from a previous marriage. Carroll moved to Chicago where "Jet" was headquartered, but DeLeon soon quit his job so the couple relocated to Oakland. Carroll was widowed when DeLeon was killed in a car crash on March 31, 1977. Carroll's fourth and final marriage was to singer Vic Damone in 1987. The union, which Carroll admitted was turbulent, had a legal separation in 1991, reconciliation, and divorce in 1996.


title: Diahann Carroll

text: Carroll was a founding member of the Celebrity Action Council, a volunteer group of celebrity women who served the women's outreach of the Los Angeles Mission, working with women in rehabilitation from problems with alcohol, drugs, or prostitution. She helped to form the group along with other female television personalities including Mary Frann, Linda Gray, Donna Mills, and Joan Van Ark.


title: Diahann Carroll

text: Carroll was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1997. She said the diagnosis "stunned" her, because there was no family history of breast cancer, and she had always led a healthy lifestyle. She underwent nine weeks of radiation therapy and had been clear for years after the diagnosis. She frequently spoke of the need for early detection and prevention of the disease. She died from cancer at her home in West Hollywood, California, on October 4, 2019, at the age of 84. Carroll also had dementia at the time of her death, though actor Marc Copage, who played her character's son on "Julia", said that she did not appear to show serious signs of cognitive decline as late as 2017.


title: Kali Uchis

text: Karly-Marina Loaiza (born July 17, 1994), known professionally as Kali Uchis ( ), is an American singer. She released her debut mixtape, "Drunken Babble", in 2012, which was followed by her debut EP, "Por Vida", released in 2015. In 2018, Uchis released her debut studio album "Isolation" to widespread acclaim. Uchis's second studio album and her first Spanish language project, "Sin Miedo (del Amor y Otros Demonios)", was released in 2020. The album spawned the single "Telepatía", which became Uchis' first solo charting hit on the US "Billboard" Hot 100. She won a Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording for her feature on Kaytranada's single "10%".


title: Kali Uchis

text: Karly-Marina Loaiza was born on July 17, 1994, in Alexandria, Virginia. Her father moved from Pereira, Colombia, to the United States, where he met Karly's mother during the late 1980s. Her mother had children from a previous marriage and is from Virginia. Loaiza is their only child together. Her father moved back to Colombia when Loaiza was in high school in order to take care of his mother, who had fallen ill. Loaiza stayed in Colombia with her father, uncles, and aunts during the summer. During the school year she would be with her mother and older siblings.


title: Kali Uchis

text: In high school, Loaiza learned to play piano and saxophone. She participated in a jazz band, before her graduation from T. C. Williams High School (renamed Alexandria City High School). She often skipped classes to spend time at the photo lab, making experimental short films. Her interest in photography led to her creating mixtape cover art. Skipping class and breaking the curfew set by her parents led to her being kicked out of her home. During this time, she lived in her car and wrote songs on her keyboard which would later come in the form of her lo-fi mixtape, "Drunken Babble". She also wrote poetry, songs and music, but did not initially intend to sing, being rather more interested in directing films than being in the spotlight. She was given the nickname "Kali Uchis" by her father.


title: Kali Uchis

text: Shortly after graduating, Uchis released her debut mixtape, "Drunken Babble", on August 1, 2012. The mixtape was described as "genre-defying", noted for its influences from doo-wop, reggae and early 2000s R&B. In 2014, she collaborated with rapper Snoop Dogg on the song "On Edge" for his mixtape, "That's My Work 3".


title: Kali Uchis

text: In February 2015, Uchis released her debut EP "Por Vida" for free download on her official website, and later on iTunes. The project featured production from various musicians, including Diplo, Tyler, the Creator, Kaytranada and BadBadNotGood. She embarked on her first tour during October 2015 with Leon Bridges, touring through the United States and parts of Canada.


title: Kali Uchis

text: In April 2017, Gorillaz's fifth studio album, "Humanz," was released, including songs that feature Uchis, namely, "She's My Collar", and the bonus track, "Ticker Tape". The following month, Uchis released "Tyrant", featuring English singer Jorja Smith, to serve as the lead single from her then-upcoming debut studio album. In June 2017, she announced her first headlining tour, specifically a North American tour in support of the album. The tour took place from August to October 2017, starting at the Outside Lands Music and Arts Festival in San Francisco, with a stop at the Pop Montreal music festival. Uchis then released "Nuestro Planeta", featuring Reykon, as the second single from the album, on August 25, 2017. In October 2017, Uchis was nominated for a Latin Grammy Award for Record of the Year for "El Ratico", her collaboration with Colombian musician Juanes. She was also nominated for a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance at the 60th Annual Grammy Awards for "Get You", her collaboration with Canadian singer Daniel Caesar.


title: Kali Uchis

text: Uchis supported Lana Del Rey on select North American arena dates of her world tour, the LA to the Moon Tour, from January 15 to February 16, 2018. "After the Storm", a track featuring Tyler, the Creator and Bootsy Collins, was issued as the third single in January 2018, followed by the announcement of "Isolation", in March 2018, which took place during Uchis' appearance on "The Tonight Show". "Isolation" was officially released worldwide on April 6, 2018. It received widespread acclaim from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 87, based on 17 reviews. The album's fourth and final single, "Just a Stranger", featuring Steve Lacy, was released on October 30, 2018.


title: Kali Uchis

text: In June 2019, Uchis collaborated with American R&B band Free Nationals and American rapper Mac Miller on the single "Time", which was the first official posthumous release by Miller since his death on September 7, 2018. In December 2019, Uchis released "Solita", originally planned to be the lead single of her upcoming second studio album, it was later excluded from the final tracklist. However, the song would be included as a bonus track on the vinyl release of the album. On December 9, 2019, Kali Uchis was featured on the single "10%" by Canadian producer Kaytranada, which was taken from his album "Bubba". The song would go onto win a Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording at the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards. Later on, Uchis was featured on Little Dragon's 6th studio album, New Me, Same Us for a remix of the song, "Are You Feeling Sad?". April 24, 2020, Uchis released an extended play titled "To Feel Alive." The EP was recorded entirely in isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Kali Uchis

text: On August 7, 2020, Uchis released the song "Aquí Yo Mando" alongside American rapper Rico Nasty. The song was previously previewed in an episode of the HBO series "Insecure". "Aquí Yo Mando" serves as the lead single from Uchis' second studio album, "Sin Miedo (del Amor y Otros Demonios)", which is her first project predominantly sung in Spanish. "La Luz" with Jhay Cortez was released as the album's second single on October 1, 2020. Later that month, a music video for the song was released on October 26. On November 6, the album's pre order was released, with the track list later being revealed on November 13. On November 17, "Te Pongo Mal (Préndelo)" with Jowell & Randy, was released as the album's sole promotional single. The album was released on November 18, 2020, and would peak at number 1 on the Billboard Top Latin Albums Chart.


title: Kali Uchis

text: Following a lip-sync challenge on the platform TikTok, "Telepatía" from Uchis' second studio album saw a surge in popularity in early 2021. Before being issued as a single, the song debuted inside the top 10 of "Billboard"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Hot Latin Songs chart and later reached the summit of the chart on the week of May 22, 2021. The song also reached number 3 on Spotify's US Top 50 and number 2 on the service's Global Top 50. "Telepatía" peaked at number 25 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Following the resurgence of the song, the success garnered "Sin Miedo (del Amor y Otros Demonios)" to chart on the Billboard 200, peaking at number 52. On June 18, 2021, rapper and boyfriend Don Toliver released a collaboration with Uchis titled "Drugs N Hella Melodies", which was issued as the second single from Toliver's second studio album, "Life of a Don". On September 29, 2021, Uchis released the single "Fue Mejor" with SZA. The song is featured as a bonus track on the deluxe edition of "Sin Miedo (del Amor y Otros Demonios)."


title: Kali Uchis

text: On April 21, 2022, Uchis announced on the red carpet of the Latin American Music Awards that she has completed her third and fourth studio albums, with one in Spanish and one in English. On August 15, 2022, she shared a snippet of a house-influenced song titled "No Hay Ley" on her social media, which was released as a single on September 2, 2022.


title: Kali Uchis

text: Uchis stated that she is influenced by music of the 1960s, with its mix of early soul, R&B and doo-wop, saying: "Musically and aesthetically, the culture of it just inspires me." She also mentioned that she enjoys jazz, stating during her career beginnings that she draws musical inspiration from Ella Fitzgerald and Billie Holiday. Other musicians she cited as influences on her sound are Curtis Mayfield, Loose Ends, Ralfi Pagan, and Irma Thomas. She also takes influences from Celia Cruz, Salma Hayek, La Lupe, Selena, Shakira and Ivy Queen. Uchis also admires singer Mariah Carey.


title: Magomed Ankalaev

text: Magomed Alibulatovich Ankalaev (; born 2 June 1992) is a Russian professional mixed martial artist, who currently competes in the Light Heavyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). As of December 13, 2022, he is #3 in the UFC light heavyweight rankings.


title: Magomed Ankalaev

text: Ankalaev is the former Light heavyweight champion of World Fighting Championship Akhmat. He is also the winner of 2016 Akhmat FC Light Heavyweight Grand Prix.


title: Magomed Ankalaev

text: Ankalaev was born on June 2, 1992 in Makhachkala, Dagestan in the family of Avar descent. Ankalaev first began training in Greco-Roman Wrestling for one year whilst he was a student at the Dagestan State University, where he graduated in the sport faculty. At that time he also competed in combat sambo, where he was honoured with the title of Master of Sports in the discipline. Ankalaev was compelled at the idea of transitioning to MMA, because of the similarity between MMA and combat sambo. Ankalaev then became the Russian and World champion in amateur MMA. Ankalaev was also named the 2015 Mixed Martial Artist of Russia by the Russian MMA federation. Ankalaev is a devout Muslim.


title: Magomed Ankalaev

text: In December 2013, during the WMMAA's World Cup in Baku, Azerbaijan, Ankalaev ends up winning the gold-medal by beating Kazakhstani Rustam Malaev in the finals.


title: Magomed Ankalaev

text: In June 2014, at Russian MMA Championship, Ankalaev ends up beating both of Fedor Emelianenko's students like, Valentin Moldavsky in semi-final, and Vadim Nemkov in the finals; thereby qualifying for WMMAA Championship in Minsk, Belarus. In September of the same year, at WMMAA's World Championship hosted by the city of Minsk, Ankalaev manages to win only silver medal for his effort.


title: Magomed Ankalaev

text: In March of 2015, Ankalaev wins the finals of MMA Cup of Dagestan, by beating Muslim Magomedov. Barely a month later, Magomed Ankalaev wins the Russian Cup, by again beating his rival, Muslim Magomedov in the final. One month later, at Russian MMA Championship, Ankalaev beats his old rival Valentin Moldavsky via split decision in the final, to win the gold medal. In November of 2015, Ankalaev won the gold-medal in WMMAA World Championship held in Prague, Czech Republic.


title: Magomed Ankalaev

text: In May 2016, Anakalaev won the Russian MMA Championship, by beating Magomed Shakhrudinov in tourney finals. In, November of the same year, Ankalaev wins the Combat Sambo Cup of Dagestan. Few weeks later, in the same month, Ankalaev won gold-medal in WMMAA's Championship held in Macau, China.


title: Magomed Ankalaev

text: Ankalaev made his professional debut on 18 January, 2014, at Oplot Challenge 96, where he beat Vasily Babich of Ukraine by majority decision. In December of 2015, Anakalaev wins MMA Super Cup of Russia, by beating Nadyr Bulkadarov in the pro exhibition fight. At Akhmat FC he was the winner 2016 Akhmat FC Light Heavyweight Grand Prix. After winning the Chechen MMA promotion World Fighting Championship Akhmat's world title he signed with the UFC in October 2017.


title: Magomed Ankalaev

text: Ankalaev made his promotional debut against Paul Craig in March 2018 at . Ankalaev dominated the fight for the majority of the bout, winning with clean striking, takedowns and top control; Ankalaev had Craig badly hurt with a body kick in the first round. However, in the last five seconds of round three, Craig caught Ankalaev with a triangle choke, giving him his first professional loss at exactly 4:59 of round three.


title: Magomed Ankalaev

text: Rebounding from this loss, Ankalaev was scheduled to fight Marcin Prachnio on September 15, 2018, at . After a slow start, Ankalaev landed a right hook counter that knocked down Prachnio, who then got up, only to then be hit with a head kick and follow up punch which rendered him unconscious. The knockout earned Ankalaev his first UFC win and Performance of the Night award.


title: Magomed Ankalaev

text: Ankalaev was expected to face Darko Stošić on February 23, 2019, at UFC Fight Night 145. However, Stošić pulled out of the fight on January 23 citing injury. Ankalaev instead faced promotional newcomer Klidson Abreu. Ankalaev won the fight by unanimous decision.


title: Magomed Ankalaev

text: Ankalaev faced Dalcha Lungiambula on November 9, 2019, at UFC Fight Night 163. He won the fight via knockout in the third round. This fight earned him the "Performance of the Night" award.


title: Magomed Ankalaev

text: Ankalaev faced Ion Cuțelaba on February 29, 2020, at UFC Fight Night 169. He won via a technical knockout in the first round. The win was not without controversy as referee Kevin MacDonald stopped the bout believing Cuțelaba was out on his feet while still standing, which Cuțelaba immediately protested. The stoppage was universally considered early by the event announcers, MMA pundits, and UFC fighters alike. Moreover, the Virginia athletic commission is expected to review the controversial stoppage and they will decide if the result remains unchanged or if it is considered to change it to an overturned NC.


title: Magomed Ankalaev

text: A rematch against Cuțelaba was expected to take place on August 15, 2020, at UFC 252. Cuțelaba then pulled out on August 11 after testing positive for COVID-19 and the bout was rescheduled for UFC Fight Night 175. However, the day of the event, it was announced the fight was once again cancelled after Cuțelaba tested positive for COVID-19 for a second time. They eventually faced each other at UFC 254. Ankalaev won the fight via knockout in round one. This win earned him the "Performance of the Night" award.


title: Magomed Ankalaev

text: Ankalev faced Nikita Krylov on February 27, 2021, at UFC Fight Night 186. He won the fight via unanimous decision.


title: Magomed Ankalaev

text: Ankalaev was scheduled to face Volkan Oezdemir on September 4, 2021, at UFC Fight Night 191. The fight was later moved to UFC 267 in Abu Dhabi on October 30, 2021. He won the bout via unanimous decision.


title: Magomed Ankalaev

text: Ankalaev faced Thiago Santos on March 12, 2022, at UFC Fight Night 203. He won the bout via unanimous decision.


title: Magomed Ankalaev

text: Ankalaev next faced Anthony Smith on July 30, 2022, at UFC 277. He won the fight via technical knockout in the second round.


title: Magomed Ankalaev

text: Ankalaev fought Jan Błachowicz for the vacant UFC Light Heavyweight Championship on December 10, 2022 at UFC 282. The fight ended in a controversial split draw. 23 out of 25 media members scored the fight as a win for Ankalaev.


title: Reggie Bush

text: Reginald Alfred Bush Jr. (born March 2, 1985) is an American former football running back who now serves as an on-air college football analyst for Fox Sports. He played college football at USC, where he earned consensus All-American honors twice and won the Heisman Trophy as the most outstanding player in the nation. Bush is widely regarded as one of the greatest college football players of all-time. He was drafted by the New Orleans Saints second overall in the 2006 NFL Draft. While with the Saints, Bush was named an All-Pro punt returner in 2008 and won Super Bowl XLIV in 2010 over the Indianapolis Colts. He also played for the Buffalo Bills, Miami Dolphins, Detroit Lions, and San Francisco 49ers before retiring from professional football in 2017.


title: Reggie Bush

text: In addition to winning the 2005 Heisman Trophy, Bush also won the 2005 Doak Walker and Walter Camp awards. However, allegations that he received improper benefits were central to an NCAA investigation of the USC football program that led to severe NCAA sanctions against USC, including a two-year postseason ban and the vacating of the 2004 national championship. As a result, Bush voluntarily forfeited his Heisman Trophy.


title: Reggie Bush

text: Bush was born in 1985 in Spring Valley in San Diego County, California, and named after his biological father, Reginald, Sr. He was a running back at Helix High School in La Mesa, California. While at Helix, he played with 2004 Heisman Trophy finalist and first overall pick in the 2005 NFL Draft Alex Smith. During his prep career with the Helix Highlanders, he won the prestigious Silver Pigskin trophy awarded by KUSI's Prep Pigskin Report. Smith and Bush were later finalists for the 2004 Heisman, making it the first time a high school had two finalists at the same ceremony. He played in the 2003 U.S. Army All-American Bowl.


title: Reggie Bush

text: Considered a five-star recruit by Rivals.com, Bush was listed as the No. 1 running back in the nation in 2003.


title: Reggie Bush

text: Bush was also a track star at Helix, placing second (10.72) -1.7m in the 2002 CIF California State Meet 100 meters final and posting bests of 10.42 seconds in the 100 meters (both the fastest prep time in the state and among the nation's senior football players) and 21.06 seconds in the 200 meters (third fastest prep in California in 2002). Bush is still 3rd all-time on the 100m dash all-time list for San Diego. He placed second in the boys' 50 meters, clocking at 5.85 at the 2003 Los Angeles Invitational Indoor Meet.


title: Reggie Bush

text: Bush received an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Southern California, where he played for the Trojans from 2003 to 2005 under head coach Pete Carroll. When Carroll recruited Bush he envisioned using him as a five-way threat. The freshman quickly proved effective in carrying, catching, throwing, and returning the ball. Bush was a consensus first-team Freshman All-American selection in 2003, and became the first Trojan since Anthony Davis in 1974 to lead the Pacific-10 Conference in kickoff returns. His 1,331 all-purpose yards set a USC freshman record. The ESPN Pac-10 Newcomer of the Year also amassed 521 yards rushing that year, with three touchdowns on 91 carries.


title: Reggie Bush

text: University of Utah quarterback Alex Smith and Bush were both finalists for the 2004 Heisman Trophy, making it the first time a high school had two finalists at the same ceremony. In 2004, Bush finished fifth in the Heisman voting and was named the team's MVP. He earned consensus All-American honors and was a finalist for the Walter Camp Player of the Year Award. He finished second on the team with 143 carries for 908 yards (6.3 avg) and six touchdowns, adding 509 yards and seven scores on 43 receptions (11.8 avg). Bush returned 21 kickoffs for 537 yards (25.6 avg) and 24 punts for 376 yards (15.7 avg) and a pair of touchdowns. He became the first Trojan since Marcus Allen to lead the Pac-10 in all-purpose yardage, totaling 2,330 yards. He also threw for one touchdown, tossing a 52-yard scoring strike.


title: Reggie Bush

text: In 2005, Bush was a unanimous first-team All-American and winner of the Heisman Trophy. He was also named the Associated Press College Football Player of the Year, the Pigskin Club of Washington, D.C. Offensive Player of the Year, and the Touchdown Club of Columbus (Ohio) Player of the Year. In addition to the Walter Camp Award, Bush also won the Doak Walker Award, which is given to the nation's best running back. He led the nation with an average of 222.3 all-purpose yards per game and finished fourth in the NCAA Division I-A ranks with an average of 133.85 rushing yards per game. He set the Pac-10 record for all-purpose yards in a game, with 513 (294 rushing, 68 receiving, 151 return) against the Fresno State Bulldogs on November 19, 2005. Bush also became known for the "Bush Push,” which occurred on a game-winning score against the Notre Dame Fighting Irish.


title: Reggie Bush

text: Bush led the Trojans with 1,740 yards on 200 carries (8.7 avg) with 16 touchdowns and ranked third on the squad with 39 receptions for 481 yards (12.9 avg), including a pair of scores as a junior. He returned 18 punts for 179 yards (9.9 avg) and a touchdown, and gained 493 yards on 28 kickoff returns (17.6 avg).


title: Reggie Bush

text: Bush started only 14 times in 39 games at USC. However, he finished tenth in NCAA Division I-A history with 6,541 all-purpose yards, racking up 3,169 yards and 25 touchdowns on 433 carries (7.3 avg) and 1,301 yards with 13 scores on 95 catches (13.7 avg). Bush returned 67 kickoffs for 1,522 yards and a touchdown, adding 559 yards and three scores on 44 punt returns (12.7 avg). He also completed one of three pass attempts for a 52-yard touchdown.


title: Reggie Bush

text: By the end of the 2005 season, Bush had amassed 2,611 all-purpose yards and scored 18 touchdowns (15 rushing, two receiving, one punt return). He was awarded the Heisman Trophy on December 10, 2005. He had 784 first-place votes while University of Texas Longhorns quarterback Vince Young finished second with 79 first-place votes, an overall edge in voting points of 2,541 to Young's 1,608. Teammate Matt Leinart came in third with 18 first-place votes. Bush had the second most first-place votes and the second-highest total points in the history of Heisman voting at that time, behind only O. J. Simpson's 855 in 1968. Bush became the 71st winner of the Heisman Trophy, and the seventh USC player to receive the award. In addition to his Heisman Trophy, Bush also won the Doak Walker Award and Walter Camp Award, and was selected as the Pac-10's offensive player of the year.


title: Reggie Bush

text: On January 4, 2006, Bush and Leinart became the first pair of Heisman Trophy winners to play together for the same team in a single game, against the Longhorns in the Rose Bowl. Bush amassed a total of 279 all-purpose yards (82 rushing yards, 95 receiving yards, 102 kickoff return yards) and one touchdown, but he was overshadowed in a losing effort by Heisman runner-up Vince Young and Bush's teammate LenDale White, who led USC in rushing with 123 yards and three touchdowns. Bush also attempted to lateral when he was tackled after a long run in the second quarter, but the lateral fell to the ground and was recovered by the Longhorns. This game gave Bush a total of 6,890 all-purpose yards for his college career.


title: Reggie Bush

text: In 2006, reports surfaced raising questions about whether Bush's family received gifts in violation of NCAA policies. The school requested that the conference investigate the matter, and Bush denied any impropriety.


title: Reggie Bush

text: Sports agent Lloyd Lake sued Bush and his family in November 2007 in an effort to recoup $291,600 in cash and gifts. Lake also agreed to cooperate with the NCAA. In April 2009, the "Los Angeles Times" reported that the NCAA had merged its investigations of Bush and former USC basketball player O. J. Mayo into a single probe of the Trojans athletic programs. On December 28, 2009, it was announced that Bush had lost his bid for confidential arbitration in this matter and that the case would proceed to trial. The case was settled in April 2010.


title: Reggie Bush

text: On June 10, 2010, the NCAA announced major sanctions against USC. The NCAA found that Bush had received lavish gifts from Lake and his partner, Michael Michaels, from at least December 2004 onward, including a limousine ride to the 2005 Heisman Trophy presentation. As a result, USC was given four years of probation and forced to vacate its last two wins of the 2004 season – including the 2005 Orange Bowl – as well as all of its wins in the 2005 season. The Trojans were also banned from bowl games in 2010 and 2011 and lost 30 scholarships over three years. Running backs coach Todd McNair was banned from off-campus recruiting for one year after the NCAA determined he had known about Bush's dealings with the agents. McNair sued the NCAA for damages related to his dismissal and the NCAA lost. The judge in the case found the NCAA conducted the USC investigation and that of McNair with "malice". The NCAA also forced USC to disassociate itself from Bush.


title: Reggie Bush

text: The NCAA determined that, given Bush's high-profile status, USC should have invested more effort in monitoring Bush's relationships. In announcing the penalties, NCAA infractions committee chairman Paul Dee said, "High-profile players merit high-profile enforcement."


title: Reggie Bush

text: On July 20, 2010, incoming USC president Max Nikias said the school would remove from its facilities all jerseys and murals displayed in Bush's honor, and would return the school's copy of Bush's Heisman Trophy. On August 12, "USA Today" reported that Bush had called USC's new athletic director, Pat Haden, and apologized for making poor decisions that led to the NCAA sanctions. However, in a subsequent report in the "Los Angeles Times", Haden said the characterization of Bush's call as an "apology" was incorrect; Haden described it as "a conversation of him being contrite, but not an apology", and he also noted that Bush had not admitted to any specific wrongful acts.


title: Reggie Bush

text: Amidst reports that the Heisman Trophy Trust would strip his award, Bush in September voluntarily forfeited his title as the 2005 winner. The Heisman Trust decided to leave the award vacated with no new winner to be announced, although it is speculated by Bush and others that the NCAA offered the award to both Vince Young and Matt Leinart, something that Bush said Vince Young confirmed to him. The San Diego Hall of Champions sports museum returned the copy of the award it possessed back to Bush's parents in 2011. Bush eventually returned his trophy to the Heisman Trust in 2012. On June 9, 2020 USC announced they would be ending their disassociation with Bush following the conclusion of the NCAA's mandated 10-year span.


title: Reggie Bush

text: In a May 2020 interview with "The Athletic", Bush said the sanctions against USC due to his conduct was "One of the worst feelings in the world." and that the sanctions "felt like I died when I had to hear that there weren't gonna be scholarships for kids because of me or because of something connected to me... I'm still not over that. It's just something you learn to live with."


title: Reggie Bush

text: After the NCAA ruled to allow players to make money from their name, image and likeness on June 30, 2021, Bush began advocating for the reinstatement of his Heisman Trophy and various records. He has reached out to the NCAA and The Heisman Trust, specifically Michael Comerford, the President of the Heisman Trust. He received a call from Rob Whalen, the Executive Director stating that Comerford would not be corresponding with them.


title: Reggie Bush

text: On January 12, 2006, Bush elected to forgo his senior season at USC and declared himself eligible for the NFL Draft. Bush's on field performances made him a contender for the top pick in the 2006 NFL Draft, and he also made an impressive appearance at USC's highly publicized post-season pro day showcase, where he ran the 40-yard dash in 4.33 seconds. Draft analysts predicted that he would be the first overall pick in the draft, a pick held by the Houston Texans. However, in a surprising move on the night before the draft, the Texans signed Mario Williams, a defensive end from North Carolina State University, meaning that Bush would not be the first draft pick. Bush's representatives spoke that night with the New Orleans Saints, who said they intended to use the second overall pick to select Bush.


title: Reggie Bush

text: Bush was indeed drafted by the Saints with the second overall pick in the 2006 NFL Draft. The Houston Texans' decision to not take Bush was derided by many sports analysts. At the time, ESPN commentator Len Pasquarelli claimed that Houston selecting Williams ahead of Bush was one of the biggest mistakes made in NFL Draft history.


title: Reggie Bush

text: On April 26, 2006, three days prior to the draft, Bush had signed a multi-year endorsement with Adidas to promote football and training clothes, and help the athletic sportswear company launch cleats in 2007.


title: Reggie Bush

text: Bush's selection by the New Orleans Saints in the NFL Draft generated excitement and celebration among Saints fans. By the end of the week after the draft, Reebok reported receiving over 15,000 orders for Bush's Saints jersey, even though his jersey number with the Saints had not yet been determined. Bush had petitioned the NFL to wear the number 5, which he has worn throughout his high school and college careers. However, in order for him to wear that number, the NFL would have to revise its numbering regulations, which require running backs to wear a number between 20 and 49. Bush was allowed to wear the number 5 during the Saints' minicamp practices pending the NFL's ruling. On May 23, 2006, the NFL competition committee officially rejected his request, and on May 25 it was officially announced that Bush would be wearing number 25, acquired from Saints running back Fred McAfee. Although Bush had earlier pledged to donate a quarter of the money he received from jersey sales to Hurricane Katrina victims if allowed to wear the number 5, he later said he would make that donation no matter what number he wears. As part of the deal with McAfee to wear the number 25, Bush agreed to allocate half the money to charities of McAfee's choosing, the other half going to charities of Bush's choosing. McAfee pledged to donate his share to Katrina victims in his home state of Mississippi.


title: Reggie Bush

text: Bush was second to Peyton Manning in NFL endorsement deals, amounting to roughly US$5 million annually. He signed contracts with Pepsi, General Motors, Adidas, Pizza Hut and the Subway restaurant chain.


title: Reggie Bush

text: Amazed by the warm reception he received from the fans in New Orleans as well as the magnitude of the devastation caused there by Hurricane Katrina, Bush expressed excitement about playing with the Saints and pledged to help the city recover from the hurricane. On May 15, 2006, Bush donated US$50,000 to help keep Holy Rosary High School, a Catholic school for students with learning disabilities, from closing. During training camp, Saints receiver Joe Horn dubbed him "Baby Matrix" because of his seemingly impossible evasive maneuvers (apparently comparing him to the movie "The Matrix", which features characters who move faster than humanly possible to dodge bullets).


title: Reggie Bush

text: Bush's rookie season had both ups and downs, although as the season wore on he became more productive and integral to the Saints' surprising success. In the first game of Bush's NFL career, he amassed 141 total yards against the Cleveland Browns. He carried the ball fewer times than his counterpart Deuce McAllister, putting off any speculation that he would immediately supplant McAllister as the starter in New Orleans. The Saints won the game by a score of 19–14. In his team's Week 9 contest against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Bush finished the game with minus-5 yards on eleven carries despite the Saints' 31–14 victory. This effort lowered his league-worst rushing average among running backs to only 2.55 yards per carry. However, he finished the midway point of the season with 46 receptions, the most by any running back in the league.


title: Reggie Bush

text: At the midway point of the season, Bush had yet to score a touchdown either receiving or running the ball; however, on November 12, 2006, Bush rushed for his first touchdown from scrimmage on a reverse against the Pittsburgh Steelers. On December 3, Bush tied the Saints' single-game touchdown record, held by Joe Horn, by scoring four touchdowns against the San Francisco 49ers. He gained 168 all-purpose yards as he sparked the Saints to their eighth win of the season. On December 10, Bush scored a 62-yard touchdown against the Dallas Cowboys in Dallas, contributing to the Saints' 42–17 drubbing of the Cowboys in what was expected to be a more competitive matchup that would be important to the playoff race. On December 24, Bush scored a one-yard touchdown on a reverse against the New York Giants. Bush also had a career-high 126 rushing yards on the day. On December 31, Bush scored a one-yard touchdown against the Carolina Panthers but carried the ball only three times, even though backfield counterpart Deuce McAllister did not play. This was because the New Orleans Saints had already clinched the No. 2 NFC seed in the playoffs.


title: Reggie Bush

text: In the NFC Divisional Playoff game on January 13, 2007, Bush ran for 52 yards on twelve carries and scored a touchdown, and added three catches for 22 yards, as New Orleans edged the Philadelphia Eagles 27–24 to earn its first NFC Championship Game appearance in the team's 40-year history. The game was also notable for the vicious hit that Bush absorbed from Sheldon Brown while attempting to catch a swing pass on the Saints' first play of the game. On January 21, in the NFC Championship playoff game, Bush caught a pass on the 22 and ran 78 yards downfield (eluding the Chicago Bears safety) for an 88-yard touchdown thrown by Drew Brees. This comeback was the first score of the second half and closed the gap from 16–7 (in favor of Chicago) to 16–14. That was the last time, however, the Saints would score. The Bears went on to trounce the Saints 39–14 to earn a berth to the Super Bowl.


title: Reggie Bush

text: Bush was fined by the NFL after the game for US$5,000 for taunting: which consisted of wagging his finger at All-Pro linebacker Brian Urlacher and doing a somersault after the 88-yard reception score. Bush apologized immediately after the event.


title: Reggie Bush

text: In the season opener of the 2007 season, Bush and the Saints lost to the defending Super Bowl champion Indianapolis Colts 41–10. Bush was tied for a team-best 38 rushing yards on 12 carries. He also had seven yards on four receptions and a punt return for two yards in a disappointing opener for him and the Saints. Their next game was equally disappointing, as the Saints were beaten 31–14 by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Bush averaged 2.7 yards per carry and 27 yards from scrimmage – over a third of which came on one play. Bush scored two rushing touchdowns, both one-yard runs, in the Saints' Week 3 loss to the Tennessee Titans. In that game, Bush carried seven times for 15 yards while catching six passes for 20 yards. Bush missed the final four games of the 2007 season with a partially torn posterior cruciate ligament in his left knee. Bush finished the season with six total touchdowns and 581 yards rushing, averaging 3.6 yards per carry.


title: Reggie Bush

text: Bush and the New Orleans Saints faced the Tampa Bay Buccaneers to open the 2008 season. With Deuce McAllister out due to injury, Bush started the game. He showed great improvement early in the season, particularly during Week 3 against the Denver Broncos, in which he had 18 carries for 73 yards and two touchdowns, one touchdown that included a run up the middle, cutting back to the outside for 23 yards. He added a second touchdown on a six-yard swing pass from Drew Brees near the goal line. Bush ended the game with eleven receptions for 75 yards and one receiving touchdown. Since he came into the league, no running back has caught more passes out of the backfield than Bush, who collected 171 receptions in his first two years. On October 6, in a home game against the Minnesota Vikings, he returned two punts for touchdowns and nearly had a third, tying an NFL record for single-game punt returns for touchdowns and becoming the 12th player to do so. In a home game against the Oakland Raiders on October 12, Bush tied the NFL record for fastest time to his 200th catch, doing so in only 34 games.


title: Reggie Bush

text: Bush was injured in the October 19 game against the Carolina Panthers. He had surgery to repair a torn meniscus in his left knee the next day and was expected to miss the next three to four games. Bush returned on November 30 against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and registered three carries for no yards and five catches for 32 yards in a 23–20 Saints loss. However, one week later he was back on track, producing over 100 yards from scrimmage and a touchdown catch in an important 29–25 home win against the division rival Atlanta Falcons to keep the Saints' slim playoff hopes alive.


title: Reggie Bush

text: On December 11, Bush sprained his medial collateral ligament in his left knee in the Saints' 27–24 overtime loss on the road against the Chicago Bears. Although diagnosed as a sprain, given that it was the same knee he had surgery on earlier in the year – and that the Saints were now out of the playoff picture with only two games left in the 2008 season – Bush was placed on injured reserve, ending his season early for the second year in a row. He finished the season with 404 rushing yards on 106 carries, 440 yards receiving with 52 receptions and nine total touchdowns, playing in ten games.


title: Reggie Bush

text: On January 7, 2009, the New Orleans Saints confirmed that Bush had surgery on his left knee, and would require months of rehabilitation. However, Bush was expected to be ready for minicamp in June.


title: Reggie Bush

text: On August 16, 2009, Bush left practice due to continuing problems with his left knee, later to return with his knee wrapped in an icepack. Bush and the Saints said that he iced the knee as a precaution. Bush missed the last three games of the 2009 preseason due to a calf injury and to rest his surgically repaired knee. Team officials called it precautionary in nature and stated that Bush would be ready to play during the regular season.


title: Reggie Bush

text: Bush missed games in Weeks 11 and 12 of the regular season due to soreness in his surgically repaired knee. He also missed most of game 15 due to a minor hamstring injury.


title: Reggie Bush

text: Bush experienced career lows in every major category for the 2009 season. While he had eight total touchdowns, good for third on the team, Bush was used sparingly during the year due to Mike Bell and Pierre Thomas dominating the backfield carries. Bush ended the year playing in 14 games with 70 carries for 390 yards and five touchdowns, and 47 receptions for 335 yards and three touchdowns.


title: Reggie Bush

text: On January 16, 2010, in the NFC divisional playoff game against the Arizona Cardinals, Bush had one of the best games of his professional career. He rushed for 84 yards on only five carries, including a 46-yard touchdown run. This play was the longest run by a New Orleans Saints player in the postseason. He also added an 83-yard punt return touchdown late in the third quarter, the Saints' last score in their 45–14 win.


title: Reggie Bush

text: In the NFC Championship Game against the Minnesota Vikings on January 24, Bush had only eight yards rushing on seven carries with two receptions for 33 yards, and he fumbled a punt return. However, one of his receptions was a late touchdown that helped the Saints win their first NFC championship and their first Super Bowl appearance and eventual victory in franchise history.


title: Reggie Bush

text: On February 7, 2010, Bush won his first Super Bowl with a 31–17 win over the Indianapolis Colts in Miami.


title: Reggie Bush

text: Bush's 2010 season was overshadowed by the controversy over his Heisman Trophy, as well as other matters related to his years at USC. During the second regular-season game, a "Monday Night Football" contest with the San Francisco 49ers, he was injured while returning a punt. He did not return to the game. The injury was diagnosed as a broken bone in his right leg and he was expected to miss at least six weeks. He returned on Thanksgiving Day to play against the Dallas Cowboys. Overall, he finished the 2010 season with 150 rushing yards and 34 receptions for 208 yards and a receiving touchdown.


title: Reggie Bush

text: On July 28, 2011, the Saints traded Bush to the Miami Dolphins for reserve safety Jonathon Amaya and a swap of sixth-round draft picks. After an 0–7 start, during the Dolphins' first win of the 2011 season against the Kansas City Chiefs, Bush scored his first rushing touchdown since 2009. Bush had his second career 100-yard game against the New York Giants with 103 yards on 15 carries in the 20–17 loss. In Week 13, Bush rushed 22 times for 100 yards and a touchdown on 22 carries in a 34–14 win over the Oakland Raiders. Bush again eclipsed the 100-yard mark in a 26–10 loss to the Philadelphia Eagles the following week, rushing for 103 yards on 14 carries. On December 18, Bush rushed for a career-high 203 yards and a touchdown on 25 carries in a 30–23 win over the Buffalo Bills in Week 15. Bush rushed for 113 yards on 22 carries on Christmas Eve in a losing effort at the New England Patriots. Early in the game, he eclipsed the 1,000-yard rushing mark in a season for the first time in his professional career. Overall, in the 2011 season, he finished with 1,086 rushing yards, six rushing touchdowns, 43 receptions, 296 receiving yards, and one receiving touchdown.


title: Reggie Bush

text: After a solid season opener against the Houston Texans with 14 carries for 69 rushing yards in the 30–10 loss, Bush broke out on the ground with 172 yards on a career-high 26 carries and two rushing touchdowns, as well as 25 reception yards, in a 35–13 win over the Oakland Raiders. Bush was named AFC Offensive Player of the Week for Week 2, the second time since joining the Miami Dolphins, and third time in his career. In Week 15, against the Jacksonville Jaguars, he had 104 rushing yards in the 24–3 victory. In Week 16, against the Buffalo Bills, he had 65 rushing yards, one rushing touchdown, and four receptions for 42 yards and two receiving touchdowns in the 24–10 victory. Overall, on the season, he had 986 rushing yards, six rushing touchdowns, 35 receptions, 292 receiving yards, and two receiving touchdowns.


title: Reggie Bush

text: Bush signed with the Detroit Lions on March 13, 2013. Bush's contract with the Lions was a four-year deal, worth $16 million with $4 million guaranteed. Yahoo! Sports' Jason Cole reported that Detroit planned to utilize Bush as a "three-down back" and Bush described playing for the Lions as a "running back's dream." He and Joique Bell shared the majority of the workload in the backfield. On his debut for the Lions against the Minnesota Vikings, he recorded 191 yards from scrimmage and a receiving touchdown. On September 29, against the Chicago Bears, he had 18 carries for 139 rushing yards and a rushing touchdown in the 40–32 victory in Week 4. In Week 10, in the second divisional game against the Chicago Bears, he had 14 carries for 105 rushing yards in the 21–19 victory. In Week 13, against the Green Bay Packers, he had 20 carries for 117 rushing yards and a rushing touchdown in the 40–10 victory. Overall, on the 2013 season, he had 1,006 rushing yards, four rushing touchdowns, 54 receptions, 506 receiving yards, and three receiving touchdowns. He was ranked 85th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2014.


title: Reggie Bush

text: The 2014 season saw Bush's production drop as Bell's production increased. His first rushing touchdown of the season came against the Green Bay Packers in Week 3 as part of a season-high 61-yard performance in the 19–7 victory. He only topped 50 rushing yards once more and scored one more rushing touchdown, which came against the Chicago Bears in Week 16, in the 2014 season. Overall, he finished with 297 rushing yards, two rushing touchdowns, 40 receptions, and 253 receiving yards. The Lions made the playoffs and faced off against the Dallas Cowboys in the . In the 24–20 loss, he had an 18-yard rushing touchdown in the first quarter.


title: Reggie Bush

text: On March 18, 2015, Bush signed with the San Francisco 49ers. His one-year contract was for $2.5 million, with $500,000 guaranteed, and a $500,000 signing bonus. He joined a very crowded backfield that contained Carlos Hyde and Shaun Draughn. On September 14, 2015 in the 49ers season opener against the Minnesota Vikings, Bush left the game with a leg injury. On November 1, 2015, during a game against the St. Louis Rams, Bush slipped on the concrete surrounding the field at the Edward Jones Dome and crashed into the wall. He suffered a season-ending tear of his left meniscus. In limited action, he had eight carries for 28 rushing yards and four receptions for 19 receiving yards on the 2015 season. On January 8, 2016, it was announced that Bush sued the St. Louis Rams, St. Louis Regional Convention and Sports Complex Authority and the St. Louis Convention and Visitors Commission, contending that what he described as a "concrete ring of death" around the field caused his injury. On June 13, 2018, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch reported that Bush had won the lawsuit and that the Rams were ordered to pay Bush $12.45 million in damages: $4.95 million in compensatory damages and $7.5 million in punitive damages. In making the ruling, the judge left the Rams as the sole defendant, dismissing the convention authority and sports complex from the suit.


title: Reggie Bush

text: On August 1, 2016, Bush signed with the Buffalo Bills on a one-year deal. He joined a backfield that was dominated by LeSean McCoy and Mike Gillislee. Bush rushed for his first touchdown, and only rushing touchdown of the season, with the Bills on October 23, 2016 in a 28–25 loss to the Miami Dolphins. Bush finished the season with seven catches for 90 yards, and 12 carries for −3 yards and a rushing touchdown, making him the first player in NFL history, other than quarterbacks, to carry the ball at least ten times and have negative yardage for a season.


title: Reggie Bush

text: At one time, Bush dated WWE Diva Eve Torres while at USC. Bush then dated Kim Kardashian. Their relationship began after Matt Leinart introduced them at the 2007 ESPY Awards. They split on July 27, 2009 and got back together on September 28, 2009. Bush was romantically linked to country singer Jessie James in 2010.


title: Reggie Bush

text: Bush began dating Armenian dancer Lilit Avagyan in 2011 and the two married on July 12, 2014. The couple have three children: daughter, Briseis (born May 6, 2013) and sons, Uriah (born July 12, 2015) and Agyemang (born September 2, 2017).


title: Reggie Bush

text: On June 26, 2007, David Beckham's first major US television advertising campaign since joining the Los Angeles Galaxy debuted via the internet. Titled "Futbol Meets Football", it paired Beckham with Bush in a 12-part video series, with additional television, radio and online promotion by Adidas.


title: Reggie Bush

text: In August 2007, he signed a deal with Sirius Satellite Radio to be a weekly announcer for the 2007 season.


title: Reggie Bush

text: Bush was featured almost shirtless on the February 2010 cover of "Essence" for the theme "Black Men, Love & Relationships." However, this appearance generated controversy as some among the magazine's readers took offense to Bush on the cover of such an issue; at the time he was involved with Kim Kardashian and Bush was criticized for dating only non-black women.


title: Reggie Bush

text: Also in 2010, Bush's fundraising work for organizations that benefit Haiti and diamond-producing countries in Africa earned him a nomination for the VH1 Do Something Awards. Specifically, Bush worked on behalf of the Diamond Empowerment Fund, visiting Botswana and South Africa and raising money for education there. He is a founding member of the Fund's Athletes for Africa program. The awards show, produced by VH1, is dedicated to honoring people who do good and is powered by Do Something, an organization that aims to empower, celebrate, and inspire young people.


title: Reggie Bush

text: In March 2012, Bush became a partner and spokesperson for skincare company Barc, makers of BumpDown Razor Bump Relief.


title: Shannyn Sossamon

text: Shannon Marie Kahololani "Shannyn" Sossamon () is an American actress, director, and musician. She has appeared in the films "A Knight's Tale" (2001), "40 Days and 40 Nights", "The Rules of Attraction" (both 2002), "The Order" (2003), "Kiss Kiss Bang Bang" (2005), "The Holiday" (2006), "" (2006), "Road to Nowhere" (2009), "The End of Love" (2012), and "Sinister 2" (2015).


title: Shannyn Sossamon

text: As a musician, she provided vocals and drums to Warpaint from 2004 to 2008. She abruptly left the group after recording their first EP. Sossamon's sole recording with the band is the 2009 EP "Exquisite Corpse".


title: Shannyn Sossamon

text: In 2009, Sossamon began directing and producing shorts and music videos through her small production company, the Maudegone Theater. In 2019 she created a video channel called THE MAUDE ROOM, a variety show in which she serves as writer, director, and performer.


title: Shannyn Sossamon

text: Shannon Marie Kahololani Sossamon was born in Hawaii, and was raised in Reno, Nevada. Her ancestry includes French, Irish, Filipina, and Hawaiian.


title: Shannyn Sossamon

text: Her parents divorced when she was five, and Sossamon and her sister were then raised by her mother, who married Randy Goldman, a salesman and manager of an auto dealership. Sossamon attended Galena High School in Reno, graduating in 1995.


title: Shannyn Sossamon

text: The day after her high school graduation, she relocated to Los Angeles with two friends, to study dance. "Nothing compares to that feeling when you first leave home and arrive somewhere new," she once recalled. "When we woke up in the morning, just making coffee felt amazing. It felt like being so free – just to wake up and make coffee and look at our couch." The y in her first name was an alteration in 1995.


title: Shannyn Sossamon

text: After moving to Los Angeles in 1995, she began to work as a DJ, booking gigs in local clubs and performance venues. While Sossamon was pursuing a career in dance, she actually never planned to become a professional dancer, recalling: "It was more like I just love to do this. It wasn't clear what I wanted, but I was fine with that. I had never needed a plan. I'm really good at feeling safe in the unknown aspects of planning your life". Around that time, Sossamon established her early career by modeling for various companies including "Sassy Magazine", Unionbay Clothing, American Eagle Outfitters, and Planned Parenthood. She appeared in two television commercials for Gap and in music videos for artists such as Daft Punk, The Goo Goo Dolls, Cher, DJ Quik, and the rock group 9xdead. In 1997, Sossamon guest-starred as several characters in three episodes of "Mr. Show with Bob and David", and two years later, she was discovered by casting director Francine Maisler, while assisting a fellow DJ at Gwyneth Paltrow's brother's birthday party.


title: Shannyn Sossamon

text: Sossamon beat Kate Hudson for the lead female role in Brian Helgeland's medieval adventure dramedy "A Knight's Tale", opposite Heath Ledger. She was cast as Lady Jocelyn, the love interest of a peasant (Ledger) pretending to be a knight. The film premiered on May 11, 2001, and received average reviews, with her part getting an equally mixed response; Robin Clifford for "Reeling Reviews" concluded that Sossamon was "pretty but little more than an object of affection" and Rob Blackwelder of "SPLICEDwire" called her role "the movie's weakest link", noting that although Sossamon was a "wonderfully wicked flirt", her character "isn't terribly well established and she's the most jarringly modern sight in this ancient tale". "A Knight's Tale" garnered US$117,487,473 worldwide, bringing Sossamon into mainstream audiences. It earned her two Teen Choice Awards nominations as well as three MTV Movie Awards nominations, including one for "Best Breakthrough Performance".


title: Shannyn Sossamon

text: In 2002, Sossamon starred in Miramax Films' romantic comedy "40 Days and 40 Nights", as Erica Sutton, the love interest of Josh Hartnett's character, Matt Sullivan. It received mixed reviews from critics, but was a major box office success, earning a worldwide total of US$95,146,283 on a production budget of US$17 million. Sossamon's part gained critical acclaim in general; About.com noted that she was "already making a name for herself as a romantic leading lady. With starring roles opposite two of Hollywood's hottest young actors (Hartnett and Heath Ledger) under her belt, Shannyn's star is rising fast. Her exotic looks separate her from the pack, and her performances have, thus far, been exceptional". Praising Sossamon and co-star Harnett, Elvis Mitchell wrote for "The New York Times": "Mr. Hartnett matches up with Ms. Sossamon, and not only because their eyebrows signal that they are both Vulcans. She is a more direct performer; what she does is not acting – yet – but she can look as if she's listening. Her approach contrasts hilariously with his gentility". Afterwards, both actors received a Teen Choice Award nomination for "Choice Film Chemistry".


title: Shannyn Sossamon

text: Sossamon subsequently played Lauren Hynde in Roger Avary's dark satirical ensemble "The Rules of Attraction", an adaptation of the Bret Easton Ellis book of the same name. The film, about a promiscuous college student, included scenes of suicide, heavy drug use, and sexual content. It received mixed reviews from critics, most either loving it or hating it. Critical response for Sossamon was more favorable, with "Joblo.com" commenting that the actress was "very believable and empathetic" as her character. David Noh of "Film Journal International" found her performance "heartbreaking" and described it as "an uncanny blend of fragile-fey and urchin-tough, marked by a feverish wit which often proves her undoing as much as her salvation". Also showing approval of her portrayal, Avary remarked during an interview the actress was "like a wild animal you can't really control. What she does and what she brings is complete and honest truth to the scene. Something real.” Ellis, meanwhile, stated that Sossamon "hasn't had much of a chance to shine before, but she's a star. She seems freer in this movie than she was before and is totally empathetic, which is a quality that doesn't come easily to most actors". "Rules of Attraction" is considered a cult hit; it grossed US$11,819,244 worldwide, almost tripling its budget (US$4 million).


title: Shannyn Sossamon

text: Sossamon and Heath Ledger starred together again in Brian Helgeland's supernatural thriller "The Order". The film revolved around the investigation of the suspicious death of an excommunicated priest and the discovery of a Sin Eater headquartered in Rome. It was released in late 2003, to extremely poor reviews; Critical reception for Sossamon was average with "7M Pictures" finding the movie "well acted" by the leads but "eFilmCritic.com" remarking that she, "so charming in both ""A Knight's Tale" and 4"0 Days and 40 Nights", is given very little to do besides utilize her 'tortured soul with dark eye makeup' schtick". The movie failed at the box office, opening at number six at the charts; it finished its theatrical run with US$11 million on a budget of US$35 million.


title: Shannyn Sossamon

text: After Sossamon filmed "The Order", she became pregnant and took a hiatus from working on film productions; "It was almost like she was out on a lark, and she found herself in this big circumstance that she hadn't planned on, which I think made it easier for her to go off and have a baby and stop working", director Helgerland said on the actress' motherhood and subsequent acting break. She has recalled seeing her acting career in a "total stop" after giving birth, but nevertheless described her absence on screen as a "blessing in disguise for many reasons". Her only acting appearance of 2004 was a guest-starring role on the NBC series "", in the episode “Doubt”.


title: Shannyn Sossamon

text: Her next vehicle was the horror thriller "Devour", in which she played Marisol, one of several friends who become increasingly addicted to a video game that has an evil agenda. A B movie, it did not receive a theatrical release and instead, went directly-to-DVD in 2005. Critical reception towards the picture was unanimously negative, but a few reviewers showed approval of the cast members' performances, with "DVD Talk" noting that Sossamon, alongside co-star Dominique Swain, "do the best they can with the material they're given, but end up as not much more than eye-candy stuck in a sea of aimless gore and maddeningly vague plot droppings". At the time, she had a small role in the black action comedy "Kiss Kiss Bang Bang" (2005).


title: Shannyn Sossamon

text: She played Josie in the dramedy "Undiscovered", which followed a group of aspiring entertainers who intend to establish their careers in Los Angeles. Distributed for a limited release to certain parts of the United States only, the movie premiered on August 26, 2005, to lackluster sales and critical failure. "Chasing Ghosts", a mystery thriller starring Sossamon, was released straight-to-video in late 2005. As "Undiscovered", this movie received negative reviews and was a box office bomb, failing to recoup its budget.


title: Shannyn Sossamon

text: Sossamon was cast as the female lead in the indie romantic black comedy "", which was based on an Etgar Keret short story and co-starred Patrick Fugit, revolving around two characters who fall in love in purgatory after committing suicide. It was shown at both The Sundance Film Festival and The Seattle International Film Festival Awards in early 2006, before going on to open in a limited theatrical run in October 2007. The movie premiered to popular and critical acclaim, garnering a cult following since then. Sossamon, similarly, received positive feedback for her performance; "Variety" felt she made her character "feisty and alluring" in a "resigned goth-girl kind of way", while Matthew Turner of "View London" remarked that she "gives her best performance to date." "Wristcutters" was nominated for several awards, including Sundance's Grand Jury Prize, two Independent Spirit Awards, and the Humanitas Prize.


title: Shannyn Sossamon

text: She appeared as Maggie, Jack Black's girlfriend in Nancy Meyers' romantic comedy "The Holiday". The movie co-starred Kate Winslet, Cameron Diaz, and Jude Law, and premiered in December 2006. It was a major commercial success, with US$205,135,324 grossed worldwide. On January 2, 2007, she debuted on Courteney Cox's drama series "Dirt" on FX. She played Kira Klay, a troubled young drug-addicted actress who kills herself after realizing that she is pregnant. She appears in the pilot episode and four more episodes as a ghostly figment of Ian Hart's character's imagination, becoming a sort of love interest. Her last airdate was on March 27, 2007 (episode "Ita Missa Est"). She also starred in the horror movie "Catacombs" as Victoria, a young woman trying to find her way out of the Paris Catacombs while being pursued by a killer. It received a theatrical release in countries like Italy and Japan throughout 2007, but came out directly-to-DVD in United States in February 2008. "Catacombs" and Sossamon generated mostly negative reviews; About.com wrote that her "Ambien-induced acting doesn't help matters", and "DVD Verdict" stated: "This film is all Sossamon and I feel for her. Aside from the uninspired twist finale, her performance is solely of gasping and looking worried and furrowing her brow and screaming and gazing worriedly at her flickering flashlight".


title: Shannyn Sossamon

text: Sossamon signed on as a series regular on CBS' vampire drama "Moonlight", to play the character of Coraline Duvall. The series began airing on September 28, 2007, and was watched by 8.54 million viewers, finishing first among total viewers and adults 18–49 for its night. CBS ordered a 16-episode first season, but over the season, viewership decreased to around 7.5 million viewers. The series had a very large fan base, but despite fans' efforts, CBS canceled the series after the first season.


title: Shannyn Sossamon

text: Sossamon starred as Beth Raymond in "One Missed Call", a remake of Takashi Miike's 2003 Japanese horror film of the same name. It revolved around a group of college students who start receiving voice-mails from their future selves which include the date and time of their deaths. The movie had its U.S. premiere on January 4, 2008, and fared "decently" on its opening weekend, with an estimated US$13.5 million in sales, as noted by Box Office Mojo. It went on to gross US$45 million in theaters, on a production budget of US$20 million. Reception towards the film was heavily negative, with critics describing it as one of the "weakest" J-horror remakes to be released. "Georgia Straight" writer Steve Newton felt that Sossamon tried "desperately to bring some substance to her role", but the "preposterous script" made it a "lost cause". Despite the critical reaction, the actress was nominated for the "Choice Film Actress – Horror" Award at the 2008 Teen Choice Awards.


title: Shannyn Sossamon

text: She played Concetta, a woman faced with the challenges of raising her sick child and supporting her husband in the indie drama "Life Is Hot in Cracktown", directed by Buddy Giovinazzo, and co-starring Kerry Washington, Lara Flynn Boyle and Brandon Routh. The movie was first screened at the 2009 Fantasia International Film Festival, and received a limited theatrical release in June that year; it went to DVD two months later. She also made a brief appearance in the romantic comedy "Our Family Wedding" and appeared as one of the leads in the thriller "The Heavy", which had a U.S. straight-to-video release in April 2010. Around that time, she served as a feature jury at the 8th Indian Film Festival in Los Angeles.


title: Shannyn Sossamon

text: Sossamon signed on to play a recurring character (Gingy Wu) in the HBO television series "How to Make It in America". The series premiered in February 2010, with the actress appearing in eight episodes throughout the show's first season. She created "Maudegone Theater" also in 2010, an online-video project under which she releases short and musical features directed by herself. Eight videos have been premiered under the moniker as of 2013. During an interview with Keba Robinson, of "Hook and Line" magazine, Sossamon explained that her initiative for creating "Maudegone" was about having "some sort of control and do creative things and feel like it was something that I started. I like the feeling of independence and freedom".


title: Shannyn Sossamon

text: Sossamon starred in Monte Hellman's independent romantic thriller "Road to Nowhere". Her role was Laurel Graham, a non-professional actress invited to star in a movie by a director who falls in love with her. Sossamon was the first person to be cast in the film after writer Steven Gaydos saw her in a restaurant rehearsing a scene with another person. Reluctant, Gaydos gave the actress his card saying, "I don't do this often, but I wonder if you or your agent would contact [director] Monte Hellman". The movie screened at the 67th Venice International Film Festival in September 2010, and received a very limited theatrical release in the U.S the following year. It generated mostly positive reactions from critics, with Sossamon's role gaining a similar response. Kevin Thomas, of "Los Angeles Times" remarked that the film "ultimately stands on the beauty and talent of its femme fatale, and Shannyn Sossamon is so stunning and gifted she actually withstands a remark comparing her to Louise Brooks". Meanwhile, Colin Convert for "Star Tribune" wrote in his review: "The key to the movie is casting the right femme fatale, and non-actress Shannyn Sossamon, the mystery woman's eerie doppelgänger, wins the part and her director's heart".