title: Comet

text: The largest known periodic comet is 95P/Chiron at 200 km in diameter that comes to perihelion every 50 years just inside of Saturn's orbit at 8 AU. The largest known Oort cloud comet is suspected of being Comet Bernardinelli-Bernstein at ≈150 km that will not come to perihelion until January 2031 just outside of Saturn's orbit at 11 AU. The Comet of 1729 is estimated to have been ≈100 km in diameter and came to perihelion inside of Jupiter's orbit at 4 AU.


title: Comet

text: Centaurs typically behave with characteristics of both asteroids and comets. Centaurs can be classified as comets such as 60558 Echeclus, and 166P/NEAT. 166P/NEAT was discovered while it exhibited a coma, and so is classified as a comet despite its orbit, and 60558 Echeclus was discovered without a coma but later became active, and was then classified as both a comet and an asteroid (174P/Echeclus). One plan for "Cassini" involved sending it to a centaur, but NASA decided to destroy it instead.


title: Comet

text: A comet may be discovered photographically using a wide-field telescope or visually with binoculars. However, even without access to optical equipment, it is still possible for the amateur astronomer to discover a sungrazing comet online by downloading images accumulated by some satellite observatories such as SOHO. SOHO's 2000th comet was discovered by Polish amateur astronomer Michał Kusiak on 26 December 2010 and both discoverers of Hale–Bopp used amateur equipment (although Hale was not an amateur).


title: Comet

text: A number of periodic comets discovered in earlier decades or previous centuries are now lost comets. Their orbits were never known well enough to predict future appearances or the comets have disintegrated. However, occasionally a "new" comet is discovered, and calculation of its orbit shows it to be an old "lost" comet. An example is Comet 11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR, discovered in 1869 but unobservable after 1908 because of perturbations by Jupiter. It was not found again until accidentally rediscovered by LINEAR in 2001. There are at least 18 comets that fit this category.


title: Comet

text: The depiction of comets in popular culture is firmly rooted in the long Western tradition of seeing comets as harbingers of doom and as omens of world-altering change. Halley's Comet alone has caused a slew of sensationalist publications of all sorts at each of its reappearances. It was especially noted that the birth and death of some notable persons coincided with separate appearances of the comet, such as with writers Mark Twain (who correctly speculated that he'd "go out with the comet" in 1910) and Eudora Welty, to whose life Mary Chapin Carpenter dedicated the song "Halley Came to Jackson".


title: Comet

text: In times past, bright comets often inspired panic and hysteria in the general population, being thought of as bad omens. More recently, during the passage of Halley's Comet in 1910, Earth passed through the comet's tail, and erroneous newspaper reports inspired a fear that cyanogen in the tail might poison millions, whereas the appearance of Comet Hale–Bopp in 1997 triggered the mass suicide of the Heaven's Gate cult.


title: Comet

text: In science fiction, the impact of comets has been depicted as a threat overcome by technology and heroism (as in the 1998 films "Deep Impact" and "Armageddon"), or as a trigger of global apocalypse ("Lucifer's Hammer", 1979) or zombies ("Night of the Comet", 1984). In Jules Verne's "Off on a Comet" a group of people are stranded on a comet orbiting the Sun, while a large crewed space expedition visits Halley's Comet in Sir Arthur C. Clarke's novel "".


title: Comet

text: The long-period comet first recorded by Pons in Florence on 15 July 1825 inspired Lydia Sigourney's humorous poem in which all the celestial bodies argue over the comet's appearance and purpose.


title: Julio Jones

text: Quintorris Lopez "Julio" Jones Jr. (; born February 8, 1989) is an American football wide receiver for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Alabama, and was drafted by the Atlanta Falcons in the first round (6th overall) of the 2011 NFL Draft. He is regarded as one of the best receivers of the 2010s.


title: Julio Jones

text: After a productive rookie season, Jones recorded 1,198 receiving yards and ten touchdowns in 2012 and was named to his first Pro Bowl. After an injury-plagued 2013 season where he only played five games, Jones led the Falcons in receiving yards in 2014, and made his second Pro Bowl, beginning to develop a deep chemistry with team quarterback Matt Ryan. Jones broke out the next season, leading the league in receiving yards and co-leading in receptions, both of his statistics ranking top five all-time in a season. After this season, he was named to his first All-Pro selection. In 2016, Jones again had a productive year, garnering another All-Pro selection, and helped to lead the Falcons to Super Bowl LI. Over the next three seasons, Jones amassed 4,515 yards, the most by any player during that span, including leading the league again in yards in 2018.


title: Julio Jones

text: With the Falcons, Jones amassed 12,896 receiving yards, most by a receiver since entering the league, and more than any receiver in the 2010s, with 12,125 yards during that span. In doing so, Jones was invited to seven Pro Bowls, including six consecutive from 2014 to 2019, was a first-team All-Pro selection twice and was named second-team All-Pro three times.


title: Julio Jones

text: Jones has been noted for having a rare combination of size (6 ft 3 in and 220 lbs), speed (40-yard dash in 4.39 seconds), catching ability, strength, leaping ability, and body control, which has drawn frequent comparisons to Calvin Johnson. On November 11, 2018, Jones became the fastest player in NFL history to reach 10,000 career receiving yards. On September 15, 2019, Jones became the all-time career receiving yards leader for the Falcons. On October 5, 2020, Jones became the all-time career receptions leader for the Falcons. His career average of 91.9 receiving yards per game is the highest in NFL history, and as of 2021 he is tied for third all-time in career games with 100-yards receiving with 59 career games. In 2021 after another injury-plagued 2020 season, Jones was traded to the Titans after reported disgruntlement with Atlanta's new front office. After being released by the Titans in 2022, Jones signed with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.


title: Julio Jones

text: Julio Jones was born on February 8, 1989, as Quintorris Lopez “Julio” Jones in Foley, Alabama. His mother, Queen Marvin, raised him and his brother alone, since his father left him when Jones was just 5 years old. Jones grew up in a violent neighborhood. Jones attended Foley High School in Foley, Alabama, where he played wide receiver and defensive end for the Lions high school football team. During his high school career, Jones quickly achieved recognition. In his junior year, he caught 75 passes for 1,306 yards and had 16 touchdowns. People referred to him as "Waffle House" because he was always open. He participated in the high school Under Armour All-America Game.


title: Julio Jones

text: In addition to football, Jones was a starter on the basketball team and was a standout track athlete. He was the state champion in the long jump (24–2 or 7.40m) and triple jump (47–5 or 14.52m) in both 2006 and 2007. He was named the 2006–07 Gatorade T&F Athlete of the Year in the state of Alabama. He was the state champion in the high jump (6–6 or 1.98m) during the 2007 indoor season. He was named All-county selection in 2005, 2006, and 2007. He won Mr. Alabama Track & Field athlete of the year in 2007. He also competed as a sprinter in 2008 and posted a personal-best time of 11.13 seconds in the 100-meter dash at the Class 6A Section 1 Meet, where he placed second.


title: Julio Jones

text: Considered a five-star recruit by Rivals.com, Jones was listed as the No. 1 wide receiver in the nation in 2008. On February 6, 2008, Jones committed to the Alabama Crimson Tide on National Signing Day, announcing his decision live on ESPNU.


title: Julio Jones

text: In the first of three years on the Crimson Tide, Jones quickly became an impact player and a fan favorite under head coach Nick Saban. Jones became the first true freshman wide receiver ever to start in a season opener for the Crimson Tide, starting against the Clemson Tigers in the 2008 Chick-fil-A College Kickoff; Jones caught four passes for 28 yards and a touchdown in a 34–10 rout. In a 41–30 win over the #3 ranked Georgia Bulldogs, Jones had a breakout performance, catching five passes for 94-yards including a 22-yard touchdown reception from John Parker Wilson. His first 100-yard receiving game occurred in the annual rivalry game versus Tennessee, when he had six receptions for 103-yards en route to a 29–9 victory. Two weeks later, versus #16 LSU, Jones topped his previous performance with seven catches for 128-yards. His 23-yard reception in overtime set up a game-winning touchdown by John Parker Wilson, giving Alabama a 27–21 victory. In the 2008 SEC Championship Game, Jones caught five passes for 124 yards. In the first quarter, Jones caught a 64-yard pass which set up the Crimson Tide's first score of the game. However, #1 Alabama fell to No. 2 Florida by a score of 31–20, the Tide's first loss of the year. Jones finished his freshman season leading all receivers for the Crimson Tide with 58 receptions for 924 receiving yards and four receiving touchdowns.


title: Julio Jones

text: On December 8, the Southeastern Conference announced the annual All-SEC first-team, second-team, and individual awards, as voted by the Associated Press. Jones was selected to the second-team All-SEC, and named as the SEC Freshman of the Year. His performance in his freshman year drew comparisons to NFL greats. ESPN.com reported, "This guy is a unique, rare prospect for the wide receiver position with his supreme blend of size, power, speed, and agility. He reminds us of a high school version of Michael Irvin, but at this stage Jones is more explosive and faster." An NFL scout put Jones in the same category as Arizona Cardinals receiver Larry Fitzgerald, who at the time was the second-leading receiver in the NFL.


title: Julio Jones

text: After experiencing what some writers called a "sophomore slump" during a slow first half to the season, Jones's production increased during the second half of the 2009 season. In a rivalry game against #9 LSU, Jones finished with four catches for 102-yards, including a 73-yard game-winning touchdown in Alabama's 24–15 victory. In the annual Iron Bowl game against rival Auburn, Jones helped in capping a come-from-behind victory, catching three third-down passes in an 8-minute, 80-yard drive that fans call "The Drive" to set up running back Roy Upchurch's game-winning touchdown in the waning minutes of the fourth quarter. Alabama continued through the regular season undefeated at 12–0, working their way to an SEC Championship matchup with the #1 Florida Gators. Jones made the first catch of the game, an 18-yard catch from McElroy. The Crimson Tide won the game 32–13, earning a chance to play for the BCS National Championship in the 2010 title game against the #2 Texas Longhorns. His 23-yards receiving led the Tide in the title game, as the passing game struggled. However, the running game again took over for 205 total rushing yards and led Alabama to a 37–21 victory.


title: Julio Jones

text: Jones started the 2010 season with two games going over 100 yards and three total touchdowns in the first seven games. On October 23, Jones did well against the Tennessee Volunteers, recording 221-yards on 12 receptions, in a 41–10 victory at Neyland Stadium in Knoxville, Tennessee. On November 18, against Georgia State, he recorded his first collegiate game with two receiving touchdowns in the 63–7 victory. On November 26, in the Iron Bowl against #2 Auburn, Jones had ten receptions for 199-yards and a touchdown, but the Crimson Tide lost to the Tigers by a score of 28–27. The Crimson Tide reached a bowl game, which was Jones's final collegiate game. In the 2011 Capital One Bowl against Michigan State, Jones had three receptions for 49-yards, 36 rushing yards, and a rushing touchdown in the 49–7 victory.


title: Julio Jones

text: Jones ended his junior season with an Alabama record of 78 catches and 1,133 yards along with seven touchdowns (fourth in school history). In addition, he had eight rushes for 135 yards and two touchdowns along with five punt returns for 44 yards and five kickoff returns for 129 yards. Jones ended his Alabama career second in career receptions (179) and yards (2,653) in school history and fourth in touchdown catches (15). Jones had eight career 100-yard receiving games (second in school history). Jones was a first-team All-SEC selection in 2010.


title: Julio Jones

text: On January 7, 2011, Jones decided to forego his senior season. Instead, he chose to declare eligibility for the NFL Draft with teammates Mark Ingram, Greg McElroy, and Marcell Dareus. Jones was later invited to the "All-Star Football Challenge", a skill contest shown by ESPN on February 4. At the 2011 NFL Combine, he posted the longest long jump and the third-fastest 40-yard dash among wide receivers, despite having a broken bone in his foot.


title: Julio Jones

text: The Atlanta Falcons selected Jones with the sixth overall pick of the 2011 NFL Draft despite already having Pro Bowl receiver Roddy White. The Falcons traded five draft picks to the Cleveland Browns to move up into their spot and take Jones, giving up their 27th, 59th, and 124th picks from the 2011 Draft, and their first and fourth-round picks from the 2012 Draft. Due to the work stoppage at the time of the draft which prevented teams from using players in draft day trades, Falcons general manager Thomas Dimitroff found it difficult having to use only draft picks to trade up from the number 27th overall pick to the sixth overall pick. "We knew it was going to be an aggressive move and cost us," Dimitroff said. "As an organization we felt very strongly about the move for a player who truly adds the explosive, urgent athleticism we're looking for to improve on this team." He was the second wide receiver to be taken in the 2011 NFL Draft, behind only A. J. Green of the Georgia Bulldogs, who was selected fourth overall by the Cincinnati Bengals. In addition, he was one of five Alabama Crimson Tide players to be selected that year. Jones wore number 11 with the Falcons.


title: Julio Jones

text: Jones came to terms with the Atlanta Falcons on July 28, 2011, signing a four-year contract worth $16.2 million, all of which was guaranteed. His NFL debut came against the Chicago Bears at Soldier Field. In the 30–12 loss, Jones had five receptions for 71-yards. In Week 3 against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Jones had six receptions for 115-yards in the Falcons 16–13 loss, his first game with 100+ yards. In Week 4, against the Seattle Seahawks, Jones had 11 receptions for 127-yards in the 30–28 victory. He recorded his first two receiving touchdowns on Week 9 against the Indianapolis Colts in a 31–7 victory. Jones's first touchdown was a 50-yard reception from quarterback Matt Ryan in the first quarter, and the second touchdown was an 80-yard reception from Ryan in the second quarter. After having quiet games against the New Orleans Saints and the Minnesota Vikings, and being inactive during a game against the Tennessee Titans, Jones bounced back against the Houston Texans with four receptions for 68-yards in the 17–10 loss. The following week, Jones had another strong game with three receptions for 104-yards and two touchdowns of 75-yards and 17-yards respectively, both of his touchdowns were in the 4th quarter, allowing the Falcons to close out a 31–23 victory against the Carolina Panthers. Over the last three games of his season Jones recorded games of five receptions for 85-yards and a touchdown, eight receptions for 128-yards and a touchdown, and four receptions for 76-yards and two touchdowns. Overall, in 13 games played, Jones finished his rookie season with 393 receiving yards and six touchdowns over the last four games of the regular season. He finished the season leading all rookies in touchdown receptions with eight, while his 54 receptions for 959 receiving yards ranked him second among rookies in yards, behind A. J. Green of the Cincinnati Bengals and third in catches behind Green and Greg Little of the Cleveland Browns. Jones was named to the PFWA All-Rookie Team for the 2011 season. The Falcons made the playoffs with a 10–6 regular season record to earn the #5-seed in the playoffs. In his playoff debut, Jones had seven receptions for 64-yards in a 24–2 loss to the eventual Super Bowl champion New York Giants.


title: Julio Jones

text: Jones started his second professional season against the Kansas City Chiefs with six receptions for 108-yards and two touchdowns in the 40–24 victory. Against the Philadelphia Eagles in Week 8, Jones had five receptions for 123-yards and a touchdown in the 30–17 victory. The following week, he backed up his performance against the Eagles with five receptions for 129-yards against the Dallas Cowboys in the 19–13 victory. On October 25, against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Jones had six receptions for 147-yards and an 80-yard touchdown reception in the 24–23 victory in Week 12. On December 16, against the defending Super Bowl champion New York Giants, Jones had six receptions for 74-yards and two touchdowns in the 34–0 victory in Week 15. The Falcons finished the season with a 13–3 regular season record and earned the top seed in the NFC for the NFL playoffs. In the against the Seattle Seahawks, Jones recorded his first career interception on the last play of the game defending a Hail Mary pass attempt from quarterback Russell Wilson. In addition, he recorded six receptions for 59-yards in the 30–28 victory. In the against the San Francisco 49ers, Jones had 11 receptions for a then career-high 182-yards and two touchdowns in the 28–24 loss. In the 2012 regular season, Jones had 79 receptions for 1,198 receiving yards and 10 touchdowns, his first season going over 1,000 receiving yards and setting a career high in single-season touchdown receptions. As a result, he was selected for the 2013 Pro Bowl, which was his first Pro Bowl nomination. Jones and fellow wide receiver Roddy White were the first 1,000-yard receiving tandem the Falcons have had since 1998 (Tony Martin and Terance Mathis). He was ranked 26th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2012.


title: Julio Jones

text: Jones started the 2013 season with a relatively solid performance against the New Orleans Saints with seven receptions for 76-yards and a touchdown in the 23–17 loss. The following week, Jones had 11 receptions for 182-yards, including an 81-yard touchdown catch against St. Louis Rams. Over the next two games, Jones continued his hot streak with nine receptions for 115-yards against the Miami Dolphins and six receptions for 108-yard performance against the New England Patriots. However, on October 7, 2013, Jones fractured his foot in the Week 5 "Monday Night Football" loss to the New York Jets and was ruled to be out for the season. In that last game, Jones had eight receptions for 99-yards. Jones managed to finish 76th in receiving yards among 458 qualified players for the 2013 season, with 41 receptions for 580 yards and two touchdowns. If Jones had played a full sixteen-game season and kept up his average of 116 yards and 8.2 receptions per game, he would have totaled 1,856 yards off of 131 receptions, which would have led the league in both categories. The Falcons finished with a losing regular season record and failed to make the playoffs.


title: Julio Jones

text: On April 29, 2014, the Falcons accepted the fifth-year option of Jones's rookie contract, extending his obligations with the team through the 2015 season. Jones started the 2014 season with a seven reception 116-yard performance against the New Orleans Saints at the Georgia Dome. In Week 3, against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on "Thursday Night Football", Jones had nine receptions for 161-yards and two touchdowns in the 56–14 victory. On November 30, Jones set a new career-high with ten receptions for 189-yards in the 29–18 victory over the Arizona Cardinals. The following week on "Monday Night Football", he once again broke his career single-game receiving record, recording 259-yards on 11 receptions in the 43–37 loss to the Green Bay Packers, his first career game with over 200-yards receiving. In the loss, Jones had a reception for 79-yards and a touchdown reception of 22-yards, and in total he recorded the fourth-most receiving yards in a "Monday Night Football" game. In Week 16 against the New Orleans Saints, Jones had seven receptions for 107-yards in the 30–14 victory. He finished the season with 104 receptions, Jones' first time having over 100 receptions in a season, for 1,593 yards, first in the NFC in both categories and third in the entire NFL. He was named to the Pro Bowl for the 2014 season. The Falcons finished with a regular season record of 6–10 and failed to make the playoffs for the second consecutive year. He was later ranked 13th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2015.


title: Julio Jones

text: On August 29, 2015, the Falcons signed Jones to a 5-year, $71.5 million extension with $47 million guaranteed. Jones started the 2015 season against the Philadelphia Eagles on "Monday Night Football". In the 26–24 victory, Jones had nine receptions for 141-yards and two touchdowns to earn his first NFC Offensive Player of the Week honor. After a career-high 13 receptions for 135-yards in a 24–20 victory over the New York Giants in Week 2, Jones recorded a 164-yard and two-touchdown performance in the 39–28 victory over the Dallas Cowboys. Jones was targeted a career-high 20 times in the victory. In Week 5, against the Washington Redskins, Jones had five receptions for 67-yards, while scoring a touchdown on an offensive fumble recovery in the end zone in the 25–19 victory. In Week 7 against the Tennessee Titans, Jones had nine receptions for 92-yards and an 8-yard touchdown reception in the 10–7 victory. In Week 8 in a 23–20 loss to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Jones had 12 receptions for 162 yards and a touchdown. After recording ten receptions for 137-yards in a performance in a 17–16 loss to the San Francisco 49ers the following week, Jones recorded nine receptions for 160-yards in a 24–21 loss to the Indianapolis Colts. In Week 15, against the Jacksonville Jaguars, Jones had nine receptions for 118-yards and two touchdowns. The following week, Jones had nine receptions for 178-yards and a touchdown in a 20–13 victory over the Carolina Panthers to earn NFC Offensive Player of the Week. In the season finale against the New Orleans Saints, Jones finished the season with nine receptions for 149-yards in the 20–17 loss. Jones finished the 2015 season with 1,871 receiving yards, a Falcons franchise-record and the third-highest in NFL history, behind Cooper Kupp (1,947 receiving yards in 2021 for the Los Angeles Rams), and Calvin Johnson (1,964 receiving yards in 2012 for the Detroit Lions). Jones had a franchise-record 136 receptions, tying with Antonio Brown of the Pittsburgh Steelers for the most receptions that season and the third-highest in NFL history; behind Michael Thomas(149 receptions in 2019 with the New Orleans Saints), Cooper Kupp (145 receptions in 2021 with the Los Angeles Rams), and Marvin Harrison (143 receptions in 2002 with the Indianapolis Colts). Jones also became the first wide receiver since the Super Bowl started to lead the league in total yards from scrimmage. He was selected to the 2015 Pro Bowl, the third of his career, and earned first-team All-Pro honors for the first time. He was ranked by his fellow players as the eighth-best player on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2016. His season is regarded as one of the greatest seasons ever recorded by a wide-receiver. The Falcons finished with an 8–8 regular season record and failed to make the playoffs for the third consecutive year.


title: Julio Jones

text: Jones started the season with one 100-yard game in the month of September, a 2–1 stretch for the Falcons. In Week 4, Jones caught 12 passes for a Falcons-record 300-yards, the most ever against the Panthers, and a touchdown in a 48–33 victory over the Carolina Panthers. His performance against the Panthers made Jones the sixth player in NFL history ever to have at least 300 receiving yards in a game. He earned NFC Offensive Player of the Week. In addition, Matt Ryan threw for 503 passing yards, making them the first quarterback/wide receiver duo to gain at least 500 passing yards and 300 receiving yards in a single NFL game. Over the remainder of the season, Jones went over the 100-yard mark five times, including a 174-yard game against the San Diego Chargers in Week 7. Jones finished the 2016 season with 83 receptions on 129 targets for 1,409 yards and six touchdowns. His 17.0 yards per reception and 10.9 yards per target were career highs. Jones was selected to his third consecutive and fourth career Pro Bowl and was named first-team All-Pro for the second consecutive year. He was also ranked third by his peers on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2017 as the highest-ranked wide receiver. The Falcons made the playoffs in the 2016 season with a 11–5 regular season record and had the #2 seed in the NFC. In the against the Seahawks, Jones had six receptions for 67-yards and a touchdown in the 36–20 victory at the Georgia Dome. In the against the Green Bay Packers, Jones had nine receptions for 180 yards and two touchdowns in the 44–21 victory. During Super Bowl LI against the New England Patriots, Jones had four receptions for 87 receiving yards on four targets. Late in the game, with the Falcons leading 28–20, Jones recorded what Adam Kilgore of "The Washington Post" called an "iconic catch" from Ryan to put the Falcons on the Patriot's 22-yard line. However, a subsequent sack and holding penalty caused the Falcons to lose field position and move out of game-sealing field goal range, forcing them to punt the ball back to New England. The Patriots would score on the ensuing drive and would tie on a two-point conversion 28–28. After winning the coin toss in overtime, the Patriots would score a walk-off touchdown to win the game 34–28, completing the largest comeback in Super Bowl history.


title: Julio Jones

text: In the 2017 season's first five games, Jones had one game going over 100 yards. In Week 7, in a loss to the New England Patriots in a Super Bowl LI rematch, Jones recorded his first receiving touchdown of the 2017 season, a one-yard reception from Ryan. During Week 12 against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Jones had another career performance with 12 receptions for 253 receiving yards and two touchdowns, of which one was thrown from fellow receiver Mohamed Sanu, as the Falcons won 34–20. His performance in Week 12 earned him NFC Offensive Player of the Week. Jones became the first player in NFL history with three games with at least 250 receiving yards and the tenth to record three games with at least 200. On December 19, 2017, Jones was named to his fifth Pro Bowl. In the Week 17 regular-season finale against the New Orleans Saints, Jones had seven receptions for 149-yards in the 23–13 loss. Jones was later named to second-team All-Pro for the first time in his career. Overall, he finished the 2017 season with 88 receptions for 1,444 receiving yards and three receiving touchdowns. The Falcons made the playoffs and faced off against the Los Angeles Rams in the . Against the Rams, Jones had nine receptions for 94-yards and a touchdown in the 26–13 victory. In the against the Philadelphia Eagles, Jones had nine receptions for 101-yards, but the Falcons lost by a score of 15–10. He was targeted in the endzone on the Falcons' final offensive play but failed to catch it. He was ranked fourth by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2018.


title: Julio Jones

text: In the season-opener against the defending Super Bowl champions the Philadelphia Eagles Jones recorded 10 receptions for 169-yards to go with an 11-yard rush in the 12–18 loss. In the loss, Jones became the first player in franchise history to record 40 games with at least 100 receiving yards, breaking his tie with Roddy White. In Week 4, he recorded nine receptions for 173-yards in the 37–36 loss to the Cincinnati Bengals. In Week 6, against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Jones had 10 receptions for 144-yards in the 34–29 victory. In Week 9 against the Washington Redskins, Jones caught seven passes for 121-yards and his first receiving touchdown of the season. In Week 10, against the Cleveland Browns, Jones recorded seven receptions for 107-yards and a touchdown. In that game, Jones became the fastest player in NFL history to reach 10,000 career receiving yards, accomplishing the feat in 104 games, beating out Calvin Johnson who took 115 games. In the following game against the Dallas Cowboys, Jones had six receptions for 118-yards and a touchdown in the loss. In Week 12, against the New Orleans Saints on Thanksgiving, Jones had 11 receptions for 147 yards in the 31–17 loss. In Week 14, against the Green Bay Packers, Jones had eight receptions for 106-yards and two touchdowns. Jones eclipsed 1,400 yards and became the first player in NFL history to register five consecutive seasons with at least 1,400 yards. In Week 17, against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Jones had 138-yards and a touchdown in the 34–32 victory. On December 18, 2018, Jones was named to his sixth Pro Bowl, which he declined due to injury. Jones was later named to another second-team All-Pro after the season. Jones finished the 2018 season with 113 receptions for a league-leading 1,677 yards and eight receiving touchdowns. Jones was the only player during the 2018 season to average more than 100 receiving yards per game with 104.8 yards per game. Despite not recording a single touchdown reception during the first eight weeks of the season, Jones had eight touchdown catches in the final eight weeks of the season. He was ranked ninth by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2019.


title: Julio Jones

text: On September 7, 2019, Jones signed a three-year, $66 million extension with $64 million guaranteed, making him the highest-paid wide receiver in the league at the time. In Week 2 against the Philadelphia Eagles, Jones recorded five receptions for 106-yards and two touchdowns as the Falcons won 24–20. Jones' second touchdown occurred on fourth down with two minutes left in the game. On the play, quarterback Matt Ryan threw a short pass to Jones which he ran in for a 54-yard touchdown that ended up sealing a Falcons victory. In this game, Jones became the Falcons all-time receiving yard leader, surpassing the record previously set by Roddy White. In Week 3 against the Indianapolis Colts, Jones caught eight passes for 128-yards and one touchdown as the Falcons lost 24–27. In Week 4, Jones became the fastest player in NFL history to reach 11,000 career receiving yards, doing so in 115 games, beating out Calvin Johnson who took 127 games. In Week 8 against the Seattle Seahawks, Jones had 10 receptions for 152-yards in the 27–20 loss. Jones had to miss the Week 12 game against the New Orleans Saints due to a shoulder injury. In Week 15 against the San Francisco 49ers, Jones had a season-high 13 receptions for 134 receiving yards and two touchdowns, the latter of which was the game-winner, in the 29–22 victory. In Week 16 against the Jacksonville Jaguars, Jones was targeted a career-high 20 times and recorded 10 receptions for a season-high 166-yards as the Falcons won 24–12. In the game, Jones became the fastest player in NFL history to reach 12,000 career receiving yards, accomplishing the feat in 125 games, beating out Jerry Rice who took 142 games. Jones finished the 2019 season with 99 receptions for 1,394 receiving yards and six receiving touchdowns. Jones scored four of those touchdowns in the his first three games, but didn't score another touchdown for nine games, and didn't score another touchdown for the rest of the season from that point. However, Jones still finished 26th out of all qualified receivers in that category. He finished second in the league in receiving yards and sixth in receptions. He earned his seventh career nomination to the Pro Bowl and second-team All-Pro, but he elected not to go. Jones was ranked 11th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2020.


title: Julio Jones

text: During Week 1 against the Seattle Seahawks, Jones caught nine of 12 targets for 157 yards as the Falcons lost 25–38. He surpassed 800 career receptions during this game. In Week 4 against the Green Bay Packers on "Monday Night Football", Jones was forced to exit the game due to a hamstring injury during the 16–30 loss. In that game, Jones became the Falcons all-time career receptions leader, surpassing the record previously set by Roddy White. In Week 6 against the Minnesota Vikings, Jones had eight receptions for 137 yards and his first two receiving touchdowns of the season during the 40–23 victory. In Week 8 against the Carolina Panthers on "Thursday Night Football", Jones had seven receptions for 137 yards in the 25–17 victory. In Week 13, against the New Orleans Saints, Jones suffered a setback in regard to his hamstring. He was inactive for the 2020 season's final four games. Playing nine out of 16 games due to injury, Jones still managed to finish 41st in receiving yards among 499 qualified players for the 2020 season, finishing the 2020 season with 51 receptions for 771 receiving yards and three receiving touchdowns. On May 22, 2021, a photo of Jones wearing a Dallas Cowboys sweatshirt made him the subject of trade rumors on social media.


title: Julio Jones

text: On May 24, 2021, Shannon Sharpe called Jones while live on "" and asked him if he wanted to remain with the Falcons for the upcoming season. In response to Sharpe's question, Jones said: "I'm out of there". Jones also told Sharpe that he had no desire to be a Cowboy and that he wanted to play for a winning organization. He was ranked 29th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2021.


title: Julio Jones

text: On June 6, 2021, the Falcons traded Jones along with a sixth-round selection in the 2023 NFL Draft to the Tennessee Titans for their second-round selection in the 2022 NFL Draft and their fourth-round selection in the 2023 NFL Draft. Jones elected to wear jersey No. 2 with the Titans due to jersey No. 11 being taken by fellow receiver A. J. Brown. On September 18, 2021, Jones was fined $10,815 for getting into a scuffle with defensive back Byron Murphy during the season opener against the Arizona Cardinals, in which the Titans lost 38–13. The following week against the Seattle Seahawks, Jones had his only game of the season with over 100-yards receiving, with six receptions for 128-yards, all recorded in the first half in the 33–30 victory in overtime In the game, Jones had a reception of 51-yards and had a controversial touchdown that was called back after the officials ruled that his right foot didn't land fully in bounds while making the catch. In Week 6 against the Buffalo Bills, Jones had three receptions for 59-yards in the 34–31 victory, he gained most of those yards off of a 48-yard reception that he caught after the ball bounced off the helmet of defensive back Micah Hyde. Jones was placed on injured reserve with a hamstring injury on November 13, 2021. He was activated on December 11. Since Week 2, Jones didn't have a game where he posted more than 60-yards receiving or more than five receptions. He recorded his only receiving touchdown of the season in Week 18 against the Houston Texans in the final game of the regular season, the Titans were victorious 28–25. In an injury-riddled season, Jones finished the regular season with 31 receptions for 434 receiving yards and a receiving touchdown. The Titans clinched the number one seed in the AFC with a 12–5 regular season record. In Jones' first postseason game in four seasons, in the Divisional Round against the Cincinnati Bengals, Jones had statistically his best game since Week 2 of the regular season, with six receptions for 62-yards as the Titans lost 19–16. On March 16, 2022, Jones was released from the Titans.


title: Julio Jones

text: On July 27, 2022, Jones signed a one-year contract with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. In a Week 1 matchup against the Dallas Cowboys Jones had 3 receptions for 69 yards to go along with 17 rushing yards. His most impressive catch was a 48 yard reception where he recorded a speed of 20.67 mph, good for the seventh fastest speed by any player in Week 1. Following Week 1, Jones was sidelined with a partially torn PCL and missed significant playing time. In Week 10 in a game hosted in Munich, Jones posted a productive game with 3 receptions for 53 yards and a touchdown against the Seahawks. His 31 yard touchdown became the first ever touchdown scored in an NFL game in Germany.


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: David Adkins (born November 10, 1956), better known by his stage name Sinbad, is an American stand-up comedian and actor. He became known in the 1990s from being featured on his own HBO specials, appearing on several television series such as Coach Walter Oakes in "A Different World" (1987–1991) and as David Bryan on "The Sinbad Show" (1993–1994), and starring in the films "Necessary Roughness", "Houseguest", "First Kid", "Jingle All the Way", "Good Burger", and "Planes".


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: Sinbad was born November 10, 1956, in Benton Harbor, Michigan, the son of Louise and a Baptist minister, Dr. Donald Beckley Adkins Sr. He has five siblings: Donna, Dorothea, Mark, Michael, and Donald Jr. His paternal grandmother was of Irish descent. Sinbad attended Benton Harbor High School and graduated in 1974. He attended college from 1974 to 1978 at the University of Denver in Denver, Colorado, where he lettered two seasons for the basketball team.


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: Sinbad served in the United States Air Force as a boom operator aboard KC-135 Stratotankers. While assigned to the 384th Air Refueling Wing at McConnell Air Force Base in Wichita, Kansas, he would often travel downtown to perform stand-up comedy. He competed as a comedian/MC in the Air Force's Talent Contest in 1981. Sinbad was almost dismissed with a dishonorable discharge for various misbehaviors, including going AWOL.


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: After a series of incidents, he was eventually discharged "for parking my car in the wrong position."


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: In an attempt to stand out in the entertainment industry, Adkins worked under the professional name Sinbad, which he chose out of admiration for Sinbad the Sailor. He began his stand-up comic career appearing on "Star Search". Sinbad won his round against fellow comedian Dennis Miller, and made it all the way to the finals before losing to John Kassir.


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: In 1987, Sinbad landed a role in "A Different World", a spin-off of "The Cosby Show" built around Lisa Bonet's character Denise Huxtable. Previously, Sinbad appeared in a one-off role on "The Cosby Show" as car salesman Davis Sarrette. While Bonet only stayed with the program for a season, Sinbad stayed with the cast from 1988 until 1991 as Coach Walter Oakes.


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: Walter began to fall in love with a girl named Jaleesa Vinson, played by Dawnn Lewis. They dated, and eventually became engaged but decided to cancel the wedding due to differing outlooks on life.


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: By the early 1990s, his popularity had grown enough for Fox to greenlight "The Sinbad Show", which premiered September 16, 1993. In it, Sinbad played 35-year-old David Bryan, a bachelor who decides to become a foster parent to two children after becoming emotionally attached to them.


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: Around that time, Sinbad had received joint custody of his two children: Royce, age 4; and Paige, age 7, and told the press that these experiences informed him of single parenting.


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: "The Sinbad Show" was canceled, with the last episode airing April 21, 1994. However, the role earned him a nomination in the 1995 Kids' Choice Awards for "Favorite Television Actor".


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: In 1990, Sinbad did his first stand-up comedy special for HBO called "Sinbad: Brain Damaged". The special was recorded at Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1993, Sinbad did his next stand up special in New York City's Paramount Theater at Madison Square Garden called "Sinbad: Afros and Bellbottoms" for which he won a 1995 Image Award. He was brought back in 1996 for "Sinbad: Son of a Preacher Man" and again in 1997, for "Sinbad: Nothin' but the Funk". All of these shows have been released on VHS and DVD.


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: Sinbad again won an NAACP Image Award in 1998 for his role in "Sinbad's Summer Jam III: '70s Soul Music Festival". By 1995, Sinbad created a company called "David & Goliath Productions", that was located in Studio City.


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: From 1989 to 1991, Sinbad was host of "It's Showtime at the Apollo", and returned in 2005, while regular host Mo'Nique was on maternity leave. He hosted an episode of "Soul Train" that aired January 14, 1995; appeared as a contestant in an episode of "Celebrity Jeopardy!" in 1998; and was the emcee for the May 2000 "Miss Universe Pageant".


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: During the 1990s, Sinbad guest starred on an episode of Nickelodeon's "All That". In one sketch, he played the father of recurring character Ishboo, dubbed "Sinboo". He also made a cameo appearance in the comedy movie "Good Burger", starring Kenan & Kel, as "Mr. Wheat", a short-tempered teacher. His character was modeled after Gough Wheat, a past teacher of the movie's producer, Dan Schneider, at White Station High School in Memphis, Tennessee.


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: He and Phil Hartman co-starred in the comedy film "Houseguest", where he plays Kevin Franklin, a Pittsburgh resident who owes $50,000 to the mob. Hartman, as Gary Young, comments to his children that they are waiting to pick up his old college friend, who is black and he has not seen for twenty years. Taking who they think to be a well-known dentist home, Young's family is stabilized by Franklin's own unstable nature. Released January 6, 1995, the film grossed $26 million in North America.


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: Sinbad's film roles also include "First Kid", which he starred in, and "Jingle All the Way" (1996) opposite Arnold Schwarzenegger, Rita Wilson and the late Phil Hartman. For "Jingle All the Way", Sinbad won a Blockbuster Entertainment Award for "Favorite Supporting Actor – Family"; it was also his third and final collaboration with Hartman following the latter's death in May 1998. He also performed his HBO comedy special "Son of a Preacher Man", at the Paramount Theatre in Denver, Colorado.


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: In March 1996, Sinbad joined First Lady Hillary Clinton and musician Sheryl Crow, in a USO tour in Bosnia and Herzegovina.


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: The NAACP Image Awards recognized his role in "" (1996), nominating him in the "Outstanding Performance in an Animated/Live-Action/Dramatic Youth or Children's Series/Special" category. He lent his voice to Riley, an animal character, in "" (1996), and later voiced the horse "Hollywood Shuffle" in "Ready to Run".


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: In 1997, Sinbad released "Sinbad's Guide to Life: Because I Know Everything", a book of comedic short essays. It was co written with David Ritz.


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: In August 1997, "Vibe" magazine started its own syndicated late night talk show, which aired on UPN, hosted by actor Chris Spencer. Spencer was fired in October, and replaced by Sinbad; the series lasted until the summer of 1998. At that same time, Sinbad performed his HBO comedy special "Nothin' But the Funk" in Aruba's Guillermo P. Trinidad Memorial Stadium.


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: In 1998 and 1999, Sinbad reunited with Bill Cosby and Carsey-Werner Productions, and appeared in three episodes of "Cosby". In February 1999, he was featured in an infomercial for Tae Bo, where he claimed that he was successfully using the Tae Bo system to become an action star.


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: In 2002, he appeared in three episodes of the Showtime series "Resurrection Blvd." In 2004, he was named the No. 78 "Greatest Stand Up Comic of All Time" on "Comedy Central Presents: 100 Greatest Stand-Ups of All Time". In 2006, "Maxim" magazine ranked Sinbad as the "Worst Comic of All Time."


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: In February 2007, actor Mark Curry credited Sinbad and Bill Cosby for helping convince him not to commit suicide. Sinbad was responsible for discovering R&B trio 702, convincing their parents to let him take them to a music convention/competition under the name "Sweeta than Suga"; the group eventually being heard by music producer Michael Bivins.


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: Sinbad also made a cameo appearance on the television show "It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia" as himself in a rehab center in the episode "Dennis Reynolds: An Erotic Life", which originally aired October 23, 2008. His cameo was met with positive acclaim from fans of both him and the series.


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: He performed his Comedy Central television special "Where U Been?" at Club Nokia, which was later released on DVD to even greater success. On March 14, 2010, he debuted on the "Celebrity Apprentice" and was fired on the second episode (March 21, 2010) after losing in the Kodak challenge as project manager, placing 13th.


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: Sinbad starred in a reality show on WE tv called "Sinbad: It's Just Family" that aired on Tuesdays at 10:00 p.m.; the show was canceled in 2011.


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: In 2013, Sinbad voiced Roper in the animated film "Planes". The same year he had a guest role on the adult animated series "American Dad!", voicing an animated version of himself in the episode "Lost in Space", then returning for the 2014 episode "The Longest Distance Relationship", and again in 2015's "Holy Shit, Jeff's Back!"


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: In 2017, he appeared on two episodes of Disney Junior's "The Lion Guard", as the voice of Uroho the baboon. The same year, he appeared in a CollegeHumor April Fool's video consisting of newly created footage supposedly taken from a 1990s genie movie called "Shazaam" which never existed. The comedy drew from an Internet rumor confusing "Shazaam" with the real genie film titled "Kazaam" (1996), starring Shaquille O'Neal. The false memories of "Shazaam" have been explained as a confabulation of memories of the comedian wearing a genie-like costume during a TV presentation of Sinbad the Sailor movies in 1994, In addition, in 1960s, Hanna-Barbera had an animated series about a genie called "Shazzan".


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: Sinbad has a long history of using and promoting Apple products, working with Apple and appearing at Apple events. Examples include numerous appearances at Macworld and WWDC shows.


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: Sinbad is also known for his musical abilities, with expertise playing multiple instruments; with drums and percussion being primary, which he most often displays after every show appearance. He has played with numerous artists and musicians under the moniker of "Memphis Red"; such as Dawnn Lewis and Adult-Urban instrumentalist (saxophonist) Journell Henry "p/k/a. J. Henry".


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: Sinbad married Meredith Fuller in 1985. They have two children together. The couple divorced in 1992, but remarried in 2002.


title: Sinbad (comedian)

text: In April 2009, Sinbad was listed as one of the ten worst tax debtors in the state of California, owing the state $2.5 million in personal income tax. On December 11, 2009, Sinbad filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy. On February 5, 2010, it was reported that Sinbad put his hilltop home up for sale in order to alleviate his tax burdens.


title: Michael Dukakis

text: Michael Stanley Dukakis (; born November 3, 1933) is an American retired lawyer and politician who served as governor of Massachusetts from 1975 to 1979 and again from 1983 to 1991. He is the longest-serving governor in Massachusetts history and only the second Greek-American governor in U.S. history, after Spiro Agnew. He was nominated by the Democratic Party for president in the 1988 election, losing to the Republican nominee, Vice President George H. W. Bush.


title: Michael Dukakis

text: Born in Brookline, Massachusetts, to Greek immigrants, Dukakis attended Swarthmore College before enlisting in the United States Army. After graduating from Harvard Law School, he won election to the Massachusetts House of Representatives, serving from 1963 to 1971. He won the 1974 Massachusetts gubernatorial election but lost his 1978 bid for re-nomination to Edward J. King. He defeated King in the 1982 gubernatorial primary and served as governor from 1983 to 1991, presiding over a period of economic growth known as the "Massachusetts Miracle."


title: Michael Dukakis

text: Building on his popularity as governor, Dukakis sought the Democratic presidential nomination for the 1988 presidential election. He prevailed in the Democratic primaries and was formally nominated at the 1988 Democratic National Convention. Dukakis chose Senator Lloyd Bentsen of Texas as his running mate, while the Republicans nominated a ticket consisting of George H. W. Bush and Senator Dan Quayle. Dukakis lost the election, carrying only ten states and Washington, D.C., but he improved on the Democratic performances in the previous two elections. After the election, Dukakis announced that he would not seek another term as governor, and he left office in 1991.


title: Michael Dukakis

text: Since leaving office, Dukakis has served on the board of directors for Amtrak and has taught political science at Northeastern University and UCLA. He was mentioned as a potential appointee to the Senate in 2009 to fill the vacancy caused by Ted Kennedy's death, but Governor Deval Patrick chose Paul G. Kirk. In 2012, Dukakis backed the successful Senate campaign of Elizabeth Warren, whom he also supported in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries. With the death of nonagenarian Bob Dole on December 5, 2021, Dukakis is the oldest living losing major party presidential candidate (outside of incumbents).


title: Michael Dukakis

text: Dukakis was born in Brookline, Massachusetts. His father Panos (1896–1979) was a Greek immigrant from Edremit in Anatolia. Panos Dukakis settled in Lowell, Massachusetts, in 1912, and graduated from Harvard Medical School twelve years later, subsequently working as an obstetrician. Dukakis's mother Euterpe (née Boukis; 1903–2003) was born in Larissa, to Aromanian Greek (Vlach) parents from Vrysochori. She and her family emigrated to Haverhill, Massachusetts, in 1913.


title: Michael Dukakis

text: Dukakis attended Brookline High School in his hometown, where he was an honor student and a member of the basketball, baseball, tennis, and cross-country teams. As a 17-year-old senior in high school, he ran the Boston Marathon. He graduated from Swarthmore College in 1955 with a Bachelor of Arts in political science. Although Dukakis had been accepted into Harvard Law School, he chose to enlist in the United States Army. After basic training at Fort Dix and advanced individual training at Camp Gordon, he was assigned as radio operator to the 8020th Administrative Unit in Munsan, South Korea. The unit was a support group to the United Nations delegation of the Military Armistice Commission Dukakis served from 1955 to 1957. He then received his J.D. degree from Harvard Law School in 1960. Dukakis is also an Eagle Scout and recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award from the Boy Scouts of America. Dukakis began his political career as an elected Town Meeting Member in the town of Brookline.


title: Michael Dukakis

text: Dukakis served four terms in the Massachusetts House of Representatives between 1962 and 1970. In 1966, Dukakis unsuccessfully ran for Attorney General of Massachusetts. In 1970, Dukakis was the Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor on a ticket led by Boston mayor Kevin White. However, the Democratic ticket lost the 1970 gubernatorial election. After losing his bid for lieutenant governor, Dukakis returned to the private sector, practicing law and becoming a partner at Hill and Barlow.


title: Michael Dukakis

text: Dukakis was elected governor in 1974, defeating the incumbent Republican Francis Sargent during a period of fiscal crisis. Dukakis won in part by promising to be a "reformer" and pledging a "lead pipe guarantee" of no new taxes to balance the state budget. He would later reverse his position after taking office. He also pledged to dismantle the powerful Metropolitan District Commission (MDC), a bureaucratic enclave that served as home to hundreds of political patronage employees. The MDC managed state parks, reservoirs, and waterways, as well as the highways and roads abutting those waterways. In addition to its own police force, the MDC had its own maritime patrol force, and an enormous budget from the state, for which it provided minimal accounting. Dukakis's efforts to dismantle the MDC failed in the legislature, where the MDC had many powerful supporters. As a result, the MDC would withhold its critical backing of Dukakis in the 1978 gubernatorial primary.


title: Michael Dukakis

text: Governor Dukakis hosted President Gerald Ford and Britain's Queen Elizabeth II during their visits to Boston in 1976 to commemorate the bicentennial of the United States. He gained some notice as the only politician in the state government who went to work during the Blizzard of 1978, during which he went to local TV studios in a sweater to announce emergency bulletins. Dukakis is also remembered for his 1977 exoneration of Sacco and Vanzetti, two Italian anarchists whose trial sparked protests around the world. During his first term in office, Dukakis commuted the sentences of 21 first-degree murderers and 23 second-degree murderers.


title: Michael Dukakis

text: His first term performance proved to be insufficient to offset a backlash against the state's high sales and property tax rates, which turned out to be the predominant issue in the 1978 gubernatorial campaign. Dukakis, despite being the incumbent Democratic governor, was refused renomination by his own party. The state's Democratic Party chose to support Director of the Massachusetts Port Authority Edward J. King in the primary, partly because King rode the wave against high property taxes, but more significantly because state Democratic Party leaders lost confidence in Dukakis's ability to govern effectively. King also enjoyed the support of the power brokers at the MDC, who were unhappy with Dukakis's attempts to dismantle their powerful bureaucracy. King also had support from state police and public employee unions. Dukakis suffered a scathing defeat in the primary, a disappointment that his wife Kitty called "a public death".


title: Michael Dukakis

text: Following his first governorship, Dukakis taught at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government. In 1980, Dukakis published his book "State and Cities: The Massachusetts Experience".


title: Michael Dukakis

text: Four years later, having made peace with the state Democratic Party, MDC, the state police and public employee unions, Dukakis defeated King in a re-match in the 1982 Democratic primary. He went on to defeat his Republican opponent, John Winthrop Sears, in the November election. Future United States Senator, 2004 Democratic presidential nominee, and US Secretary of State John Kerry was elected lieutenant governor on the same ballot with Dukakis, and served in the Dukakis administration from 1983 to 1985.


title: Michael Dukakis

text: Dukakis served as governor during which time he presided over a high-tech boom and a period of prosperity in Massachusetts while simultaneously earning a reputation as a 'technocrat'. The National Governors Association voted Dukakis the most effective governor in 1986. Residents of the city of Boston and its surrounding areas remember him for the improvements he made to Boston's mass transit system, especially major renovations to the city's trains and buses. He was known for riding the subway to work every day as governor.


title: Michael Dukakis

text: In 1988, Dukakis and Rosabeth Moss Kanter, his economic adviser in the 1988 presidential elections, wrote a book entitled "Creating the Future: the Massachusetts Comeback and Its Promise for America", an examination of the Massachusetts Miracle.


title: Michael Dukakis

text: Using the phenomenon termed the "Massachusetts Miracle" to promote his campaign, Dukakis sought the Democratic Party nomination for President of the United States in the 1988 United States presidential election, prevailing over a primary field that included Jesse Jackson, Dick Gephardt, Paul Simon, Gary Hart, Joe Biden and Al Gore, among others. Touching on his immigrant roots, Dukakis used Neil Diamond's ode to immigrants, "America", as the theme song for his campaign. Composer John Williams wrote "Fanfare for Michael Dukakis" in 1988 at the request of Dukakis's father-in-law, Harry Ellis Dickson. The piece was premiered under the baton of Dickson (then the Associate Conductor of the Boston Pops) at that year's Democratic National Convention. Dukakis won the Democratic nomination, with 2,877 out of 4,105 delegates. He chose Senator Lloyd Bentsen of Texas to be his vice presidential running mate. Dukakis was pro-choice on the issue of abortion.


title: Michael Dukakis

text: Dukakis had trouble with the personality that he projected to the voting public. His reserved and stoic nature was easily interpreted to be a lack of passion; Dukakis was often referred to as "Zorba the Clerk". Nevertheless, Dukakis is considered to have done well in the first presidential debate with George H.W. Bush, with "The New York Times" reporting, "Democratic and Republican analysts generally agreed that Mr. Dukakis had turned in the better performance in the first of two Presidential debates, frequently managing to put Mr. Bush on the defensive." In the second debate, his performance was poor and played to his reputation as being cold.


title: Michael Dukakis

text: During the campaign, Dukakis's mental health became an issue when he refused to release his full medical history and there were, according to "The New York Times", "persistent suggestions" that he had undergone psychiatric treatment in the past. The issue gained further traction after a White House press conference, during which President Ronald Reagan flippantly referred to Dukakis as an "invalid". In the 2008 film "", journalist Robert Novak revealed that Republican strategist Lee Atwater had personally tried to get him to spread these mental health rumors. Editors at "The Washington Times" contributed to these rumors when they ran a story headlined "Dukakis Kin Hints at Sessions," suggesting that a member of the Dukakis family had said "it is possible" that Dukakis saw a psychiatrist. A week later the reporter, Gene Grabowski, revealed that "Times" editors had taken the full quote out of context. The full quote was "It's possible, but I doubt it."


title: Michael Dukakis

text: Dukakis's general election campaign was subject to several criticisms and gaffes on issues such as capital punishment, the pledge of allegiance in schools, and a photograph of Dukakis in a tank which was intended to portray him as a sound choice for commander-in-chief but which was widely perceived to have backfired. Like the allegations of psychiatric problems, these were vulnerabilities which Atwater identified and exploited. In 1991, shortly before his death from a brain tumor, Atwater apologized to Dukakis for the "naked cruelty" of the 1988 campaign.


title: Michael Dukakis

text: During the campaign, Vice President George H. W. Bush, the Republican nominee, criticized Dukakis for his traditionally liberal positions on many issues, calling him a "card-carrying member of the ACLU". Dukakis's support for a prison furlough program was a major election subject. During his first term as governor, he had vetoed a bill that would have stopped furloughs for first-degree murderers. During his second term, that program resulted in the release of convicted murderer Willie Horton, who committed a rape and assault in Maryland after being furloughed. George H. W. Bush mentioned Horton by name in a speech in June 1988, and a conservative political action committee (PAC) affiliated with the Bush campaign, the National Security Political Action Committee, aired an ad entitled "Weekend Passes", which used a mug shot image of Horton. The Bush campaign refused to repudiate the ad. It was followed by a separate Bush campaign ad, "Revolving Door", criticizing Dukakis over the furlough program without mentioning Horton. The legislature canceled the program during Dukakis's last term.


title: Michael Dukakis

text: Dukakis was criticized during the campaign for a perceived softness on defense issues, particularly the controversial "Star Wars" program, which he promised to weaken. In response to this, Dukakis orchestrated what would become the key image of his campaign, although it turned out quite differently from what he intended. On September 13, 1988, Dukakis visited the General Dynamics Land Systems plant in Sterling Heights, Michigan, to take part in a photo op in an M1 Abrams tank. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Margaret Thatcher, had been photographed in 1986 riding in a Challenger tank while wearing a scarf, which turned out very successful and helped in her 1987 reelection. General Dynamics protocol requires one to wear the protective helmet for safety and communication when the tank was running at full speed, although Dukakis campaign staffers were aware that a politician putting on any headgear was a faux pas. A member of the press did photograph Dukakis without the helmet when the tank exited the garage at slow speed, however the rest of the photographers snapped shots of Dukakis wearing a helmet when the tank made a high speed pass.


title: Michael Dukakis

text: The image of Dukakis wearing a helmet while riding the tank were ridiculed by Bush and the media. The following week, a poll found that 25 percent of respondents said they were less likely to support him because of the tank ride. Footage of Dukakis in the tank was used in a television ad by the Bush campaign, which aired during the World Series. The Dukakis campaign produced a 60-second response ad that featured a television set playing Bush's ad, which is flicked off the screen by a finger later revealed to be Dukakis as he proclaims that he is fed up with "George Bush’s negative TV ads", but this "pin-the-tail-on-the-donkey advertising" only ended up drew further attention to the tank ride


title: Michael Dukakis

text: The phrase "Dukakis in the tank" remains a shorthand for backfired public relations outings. In 2008, when asked about the photograph, Dukakis said “Should I have been in the tank? Probably not, in retrospect. But these days when people ask me, ‘Did you get here in a tank?' I always respond by saying, ‘No, and I've never thrown up all over the Japanese prime minister'."


title: Michael Dukakis

text: The Dukakis/Bentsen ticket lost the election by a decisive margin in the Electoral College to George H. W. Bush and Dan Quayle, carrying only 10 states and the District of Columbia. Dukakis himself blamed his defeat on the time he spent doing gubernatorial work in Massachusetts during the few weeks following the Democratic Convention. Many believed he should have been campaigning across the country. During this time, his 17-point lead in opinion polls completely disappeared, as his lack of visibility allowed Bush to define the issues of the campaign. Dukakis has since stated that the main reason he lost was his decision "not to respond to the Bush attack campaign, and in retrospect it was a pretty dumb decision."


title: Michael Dukakis

text: Despite Dukakis's loss, his performance was a marked improvement over the previous two Democratic efforts, both in the popular vote and the Electoral College. Though Bush still won a majority of the popular vote, Dukakis's margin of loss (7.8%) nationally was narrower than Jimmy Carter's in 1980 (9.7%) or Walter Mondale's in 1984 (18.2%), and earned 41.8 million votes nationally.


title: Michael Dukakis

text: Dukakis made some strong showings in states that had voted for Republicans Ronald Reagan and Gerald Ford. He managed to pull off a close win in New York which at the time was the second largest state in terms of electoral votes, he also scored victories in Rhode Island, Hawaii, his home state of Massachusetts, Oregon, and Washington; Walter Mondale had lost all six states, and since then, all six states have remained in the Democratic column for each subsequent presidential election. He swept Iowa, winning by 10 points in a state that had voted Republican in the last five presidential elections. His proportion of the popular vote would not be matched by any subsequent Democratic presidential candidate in South Dakota (46.51%), Kansas (42.56%), Oklahoma (41.28%), Wyoming (38.01%), or Idaho (36.01%).


title: Michael Dukakis

text: Although Dukakis cut into the Republican hold in the Midwest, he failed to dent the emerging GOP stronghold in the South that had been forming since the end of World War II with a temporary reprieve with Jimmy Carter (along with future President and Southern Democrat Bill Clinton, albeit to a much lesser extent). He lost most of the South by a wide margin, with Bush's popular vote margins exceeding 15% in most states. He carried most of the southern-central parishes of Louisiana, which was also his best Southern popular vote margin. His second-lowest Southern margin was Texas, where four overwhelmingly Mexican-American counties of South Texas delivered more than 81% of the vote to Dukakis, and were among his top five counties or county-equivalents nationally.


title: Michael Dukakis

text: In 2008, he stated during an interview with Katie Couric that he "owe[d] the American people an apology" because "if I had beaten the old man [i.e. George H. W. Bush], we never would have heard of the kid [i.e. George W. Bush], and we wouldn't be in this mess."


title: Michael Dukakis

text: His final two years as governor were marked by increased criticism of his policies and significant tax increases to cover the economic effects of the U.S. economy's "soft landing" at the end of the 1980s and the recession of 1990. He did not seek reelection to a fourth term.


title: Michael Dukakis

text: After the end of his term, he served on the board of directors for Amtrak, and became a professor of political science at Northeastern University, a visiting professor of political science at Loyola Marymount University, and visiting professor in the Department of Public Policy at the Luskin School of Public Affairs at UCLA. Along with a number of other notable Greek-Americans, he is a founding member of The Next Generation Initiative: a leadership program aimed at getting students involved in public affairs. In November 2008, Northeastern named its Center for Urban and Regional Policy after Michael Dukakis and his wife Kitty. Dukakis is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One.


title: Michael Dukakis

text: In August 2009, the 75-year-old Dukakis was mentioned as one of two leading candidates as a possible interim successor to Ted Kennedy in the U.S. Senate, after Kennedy's death. Instead, Gov. Patrick named Paul G. Kirk, the other leading candidate and favorite of the Kennedy family who promised not to run in the special election, to fill the seat.


title: Michael Dukakis

text: In 2012 he worked to support the successful candidacy of fellow Democrat Elizabeth Warren to the U.S. Senate. He has also been an advocate for effective public transportation and high-speed rail as a solution to automobile congestion and the lack of space at airports; and for extended learning time initiative in public schools.


title: Michael Dukakis

text: Dukakis stated on January 31, 2014, that he was not in favor of an effort to rename South Station as the "Gov. Michael S. Dukakis Transportation Center", although it was later renamed to that name. He went on to state that he would not object to the naming of the as-yet unbuilt North-South Rail Link after him.


title: Michael Dukakis

text: Dukakis endorsed Elizabeth Warren's candidacy in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries. He later endorsed Democratic nominee, Joe Biden during the general election. He and his wife also endorsed Ed Markey for reelection to his Massachusetts U.S. senate seat in 2020 during the primary and general elections of that race.


title: Michael Dukakis

text: Dukakis is married to Katharine D. (Kitty) Dukakis. They have three children: John, Andrea, and Kara. During the second presidential debate on October 13, 1988, in Los Angeles, Dukakis revealed that he and his wife had had another child, who died about 20 minutes after birth. Dukakis is the cousin of Academy Award–winning actress Olympia Dukakis.


title: Michael Dukakis

text: The Dukakises continue to reside in the home that they bought in the early 1970s in Brookline, Massachusetts, where they both grew up, but live in Los Angeles during the winter while he teaches at UCLA.


title: Ione Skye

text: Ione Skye Lee ( ; Ione Skye Leitch; born September 4, 1970) is a British-born American actress and the daughter of singer Donovan. She made her film debut in the thriller "River's Edge" (1986) before gaining mainstream exposure for her starring role in Cameron Crowe's "Say Anything..." (1989). She continued to appear in films throughout the 1990s, with notable roles in "Gas Food Lodging" (1992), "Wayne's World" (1992) and "One Night Stand" (1997).


title: Ione Skye

text: Other film credits include the comedy "Fever Pitch" (2005) and an uncredited role in "Zodiac" (2007). Skye also guest-starred on several television series, including "The Twilight Zone" (2002), "Private Practice", and a recurring role on "Arrested Development". She is also featured in the NBC series La Brea (2021).


title: Ione Skye

text: In addition to acting, Skye also works as a painter, and has authored several children's books. In 2006, VH1 ranked her number 84 on its list of the 100 Greatest Teen Stars.


title: Ione Skye

text: Skye was born Ione Skye Leitch in Hampstead, London, the daughter of folk singer-songwriter Donovan and model Enid Karl (née Stulberger). Her father is Scottish-born with some Irish ancestry and grew up in England. Her mother is an American who was raised in the Bronx, New York City, and is Jewish. Her second name comes from the Isle of Skye. She is the younger sister of Camp Freddy singer Donovan Leitch. Skye's parents were separated at the time of her birth, and she was raised by her mother, having little to no contact with her father.


title: Ione Skye

text: Skye grew up primarily in Los Angeles and San Francisco, and also spent time in Connecticut. She attended Immaculate Heart High School and Hollywood High School in Los Angeles.


title: Ione Skye

text: Skye made her film debut with a supporting role in "River's Edge" in 1986, followed by a role as the title character in "The Rachel Papers" (1989). She played Diane Court, a withdrawn high school valedictorian, in the 1989 film "Say Anything...", the feature film debut of director Cameron Crowe; the film attained a cult following and lent Skye international recognition.


title: Ione Skye

text: In 1992, she played the role of Eleanor Grey on the short-lived television series "Covington Cross", starred in Allison Anders's debut feature film "Gas Food Lodging" (which also featured Skye's brother Donovan Leitch), and had a supporting role in the Stephen La Rocque film "Samantha". She subsequently had supporting roles as Elise in the comedy "Wayne's World" (1992) and the Mike Figgis-directed drama "One Night Stand" (1997).


title: Ione Skye

text: She later appeared in the music video for the Harvey Danger song "Sad Sweetheart of the Rodeo." In 2007, Skye had a small, well-received part in the David Fincher film "Zodiac".


title: Ione Skye

text: In an interview with "mondo-video.com" in December 2010, Skye said she had not paid perfect attention to her career arc over the years, saying she "never struck when the iron was hot" when it came to going after big Hollywood roles in her 20s.


title: Ione Skye

text: In 2013, she appeared in a supporting part in the independent horror film "Haunt", with Jacki Weaver. In 2016, Skye directed the music video for the Against Me! single "333". The same year, she appeared in the short film "Kitty", directed by Chloë Sevigny.


title: Ione Skye

text: In addition to acting, Skye is also a painter, and sells her own works. She also wrote the children's book "My Yiddish Vacation", published by Henry Holt and Company in May 2014. Skye has cited comic book artist Daniel Clowes as an inspiration for her painting and writing.


title: Ione Skye

text: For several years in the 1980s, Skye had a relationship with Anthony Kiedis, singer for the Red Hot Chili Peppers. Kiedis's 2004 book "Scar Tissue" contains a nude photo of the couple.


title: Ione Skye

text: Skye married Adam Horovitz, a member of the Beastie Boys. The couple married in 1992, separated in 1995, and divorced in 1999.


title: Ione Skye

text: Skye then had a relationship with furniture designer David Netto. They had a daughter, Kate, born December 2001. Skye's home in Hollywood, and Netto's apartment in New York City were featured in the February 2003 issue of "Vogue". The two were engaged, but eventually separated.


title: Ione Skye

text: In 2008, Skye became engaged to Australian musician Ben Lee. On December 29, 2008, Skye and Lee were married in a Hindu wedding ceremony in India. They have one daughter, Goldie Priya Lee, born September 24, 2009.


title: Ione Skye

text: In an extensive 2015 interview, Skye discussed her struggle with addiction, including bouts with alcoholism and other drug use.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: Darwin ( ; Larrakia: ) is the capital city of the Northern Territory, Australia. With an estimated population of 147,255 as of 2019, the city contains the majority of the residents of the sparsely populated Northern Territory.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: It is the smallest, wettest, and most northerly of the Australian capital cities and serves as the Top End's regional centre.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: Darwin's proximity to Southeast Asia makes the city's location a key link between Australia and countries such as Indonesia and East Timor. The Stuart Highway begins in Darwin, extends southerly across central Australia through Tennant Creek and Alice Springs, concluding in Port Augusta, South Australia. The city is built upon a low bluff overlooking Darwin Harbour. Darwin's suburbs begin at Lee Point in the north and stretch to Berrimah in the east. The Stuart Highway extends to Darwin's eastern satellite city of Palmerston and its suburbs.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: The Darwin region, like much of the Top End, experiences a tropical climate with a wet and dry season. A period known locally as "the build up" leading up to Darwin's wet season sees temperature and humidity increase. Darwin's wet season typically arrives in late November to early December and brings with it heavy monsoonal downpours, spectacular lightning displays, and increased cyclone activity. During the dry season, the city has clear skies and mild sea breezes from the harbour.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: The Larrakia people are the Traditional Owners of the Darwin area and Aboriginal people make up a significant percentage of the population. On 9 September 1839, sailed into Darwin Harbour during its survey of the area. John Clements Wickham named the region "Port Darwin" in honour of their former shipmate Charles Darwin, who had sailed with them on the ship's previous voyage. The settlement there became the town of Palmerston in 1869, but it was renamed Darwin in 1911. The city has been almost entirely rebuilt four times, following devastation caused by the 1897 cyclone, the 1937 cyclone, Japanese air raids during World War II, and Cyclone Tracy in 1974.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: The Aboriginal people of the Larrakia language group are the traditional custodians and earliest known inhabitants of the greater Darwin area. Their name for the area is Garramilla, pronounced "Garr-ah-mill-ah" and meaning "white stone", referring to the colour of rock found in the area. They had trading routes with Southeast Asia (see Macassan contact with Australia) and imported goods from as far afield as South and Western Australia. Established songlines penetrated throughout the country, allowing stories and histories to be told and retold along the routes. The extent of shared songlines and history of multiple clan groups within this area is contestable.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: The Dutch visited Australia's northern coastline in the 1600s and landed on the Tiwi Islands only to be repelled by the Tiwi peoples. The Dutch created the first European maps of the area. This accounts for the Dutch names in the area, such as Arnhem Land and Groote Eylandt. The first British person to see Darwin harbour appears to have been Lieutenant John Lort Stokes of on 9 September 1839. The ship's captain, Commander John Clements Wickham, named the port after Charles Darwin, the British naturalist who had sailed with them both on the earlier second expedition of the "Beagle".


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: In 1863, the Northern Territory was transferred from New South Wales to South Australia. In 1864 South Australia sent B. T. Finniss north as Government Resident to survey and found a capital for its new territory. Finniss chose a site at Escape Cliffs, near the entrance to Adelaide River, about northeast of the modern city. This attempt was short-lived, however, and the settlement abandoned by 1865. On 5 February 1869, George Goyder, the Surveyor-General of South Australia, established a small settlement of 135 people at Port Darwin between Fort Hill and the escarpment. Goyder named the settlement Palmerston after the British Prime Minister Lord Palmerston. In 1870, the first poles for the Overland Telegraph were erected in Darwin, connecting Australia to the rest of the world. The discovery of gold by employees of the Australian Overland Telegraph Line digging holes for telegraph poles at Pine Creek in the 1880s spawned a gold rush, which further boosted the young colony's development.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: In February 1872 the brigantine "Alexandra" was the first private vessel to sail from an English port directly to Darwin, carrying people many of whom were coming to recent gold finds.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: In early 1875 Darwin's white population had grown to approximately 300 because of the gold rush. On 17 February 1875 the left Darwin "en route" for Adelaide. The approximately 88 passengers and 34 crew (surviving records vary) included government officials, circuit-court judges, Darwin residents taking their first furlough, and miners. While travelling south along the north Queensland coast, the "Gothenburg" encountered a cyclone-strength storm and was wrecked on a section of the Great Barrier Reef. Only 22 men survived, while between 98 and 112 people perished. Many passengers who perished were Darwin residents and news of the tragedy severely affected the small community, which reportedly took several years to recover.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: In the 1870s, relatively large numbers of Chinese settled at least temporarily in the Northern Territory; many were contracted to work the goldfields and later to build the Palmerston to Pine Creek railway. By 1888 there were 6122 Chinese in the Northern Territory, mostly in or around Darwin. The early Chinese settlers were mainly from the Guangdong Province in south China. However, at the end of the nineteenth century anti-Chinese feelings grew in response to the 1890s economic depression, and the White Australia policy meant many Chinese left the territory. However, some families stayed, became British subjects, and established a commercial base in Darwin.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: The Northern Territory was initially settled and administered by South Australia, until its transfer to the Commonwealth in 1911. In the same year, the city's official name changed from Palmerston to Darwin.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: The period between 1911 and 1919 was filled with political turmoil, particularly with trade union unrest, which culminated on 17 December 1918. Led by Harold Nelson, some 1,000 demonstrators marched to Government House at Liberty Square in Darwin where they burnt an effigy of the Administrator of the Northern Territory John Gilruth and demanded his resignation. The incident became known as the Darwin Rebellion. Their grievances were against the two main Northern Territory employers: Vestey's Meatworks and the federal government. Both Gilruth and the Vestey company left Darwin soon afterwards.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: On 18 October 1918, during the Spanish flu pandemic, the "SS Mataram" sailing from Singapore with infectious diseases arrived in Darwin.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: In 1931, the 17 remaining patients from the leprosarium at Cossack, Western Australia were moved to Darwin, after it closed down. It was at a time when many Aboriginal people who were thought to have leprosy or other infectious diseases were sent to lock hospitals and leprosariums under the "Aborigines Act 1905", which gave the Chief Protector of Aborigines powers to arrest and send any Indigenous person suspected of having a range of diseases to one of these institutions.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: Around 10,000 Australian and other Allied troops arrived in Darwin at the outset of World War II, to defend Australia's northern coastline. On 19 February 1942 at 0957, 188 Japanese warplanes attacked Darwin in two waves. It was the same fleet that had bombed Pearl Harbor, though a considerably larger number of bombs were dropped on Darwin than on Pearl Harbor. The attack killed at least 243 people and caused immense damage to the town, airfields, and aircraft. These were by far the most serious attacks on Australia in time of war, in terms of fatalities and damage. They were the first of many raids on Darwin.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: Darwin was further developed after the war, with sealed roads constructed connecting the region to Alice Springs to the south and Mount Isa to the south-east, and Manton Dam built in the south to provide the city with water. On Australia Day (26 January) 1959, Darwin was granted city status.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: On 25 December 1974, Darwin was struck by Cyclone Tracy, which killed 71 people and destroyed over 70% of the city's buildings, including many old stone buildings such as the Palmerston Town Hall, which could not withstand the lateral forces generated by the strong winds. After the disaster, 30,000 people of the population of 46,000 were evacuated, in what turned out to be the biggest airlift in Australia's history. The town was subsequently rebuilt with newer materials and techniques during the late 1970s by the Darwin Reconstruction Commission, led by former Brisbane Lord mayor Clem Jones. A satellite city of Palmerston was built east of Darwin in the early 1980s.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: On 17 September 2003 the Adelaide–Darwin railway was completed, with the opening of the Alice Springs-Darwin standard-gauge line.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: Darwin has played host to many of aviation's early pioneers. On 10 December 1919 Captain Ross Smith and his crew landed in Darwin and won a £10,000 Prize from the Australian Government for completing the first flight from London to Australia in under thirty days. Smith and his Crew flew a Vickers Vimy, G-EAOU, and landed on an airstrip that has now become Ross Smith Avenue.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: Other aviation pioneers include Amy Johnson, Amelia Earhart, Sir Charles Kingsford Smith and Bert Hinkler. The original QANTAS Empire Airways Ltd Hangar, a registered heritage site, was part of the original Darwin Civil Aerodrome in Parap and is now a museum and still bears scars from the bombing of Darwin during World War II.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: Darwin was home to Australian and US pilots during the war, with airstrips built in and around Darwin. Today Darwin provides a staging ground for military exercises.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: Darwin was a compulsory stopover and checkpoint in the London-to-Melbourne Centenary Air Race in 1934. The official name of the race was the MacRobertson Air Race. Winners of the race were Tom Campbell Black and C. W. A. Scott.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: The Australian Aviation Heritage Centre is approximately from the city centre on the Stuart Highway and is one of only three places outside the United States where a B-52 bomber (on permanent loan from the United States Air Force) is on public display.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: Darwin is a coastal city, situated along the western shoreline of the Northern Territory. The water meets the land from the Beagle Gulf, which extends out into the Timor Sea. The central business district occupies a low bluff overlooking Darwin Harbour to the south, beyond which lie East Arm, Middle Arm, and, across the gulf, West Arm. Middle Arm has an industrial precinct on the peninsula, which is being promoted as a sustainable development area which will include plants for industries such as low-emission petrochemicals, renewable hydrogen, and carbon capture storage. The city is flanked by Frances Bay to the east, and Cullen Bay to the west.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: The remainder of the city is relatively flat and low-lying, and areas bordering the coast are home to recreational reserves, extensive beaches, and excellent fishing.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: Darwin and its suburbs spread in an approximately triangular shape, with the older south-western suburbs—and the city itself—forming one corner, the newer northern suburbs another, and the eastern suburbs, progressing towards Palmerston, forming the third.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: The older part of Darwin is separated from the newer northern suburbs by Darwin International Airport and RAAF Base Darwin. Palmerston is a satellite city east of Darwin that was established in the 1980s and is one of the fastest-growing municipalities in Australia. The rural areas of Darwin including Howard Springs, Humpty Doo and Berry Springs are experiencing strong growth.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: Darwin's central business district (CBD) is bounded by Daly Street in the north-west, McMinn Street in the north-east, Mitchell Street on the south-west, and Bennett Street on the south-east. The CBD has been the focus of a number of major projects, including the billion-dollar redevelopment of the Stokes Hill wharf waterfront area including a convention centre with seating for 1500 people and approximately of exhibition space. The developers announced that this includes hotels, residential apartments, and public space. The city's main industrial areas are along the Stuart Highway going towards Palmerston, centred on Winnellie. The largest shopping precinct in the area is Casuarina Square.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: The most expensive residential areas stand along the coast in suburbs such as the marina of Cullen Bay part of Larrakeyah, Bayview and Brinkin, despite the risk these low-lying regions face during cyclones and higher tides, adequate drainage and stringent building regulations have reduced the potential damage to buildings or injury to residents. The inner northern suburbs are home to lower-income households, although low-income Territory Housing units are scattered throughout the metropolitan area. The suburb of Lyons was part of a multi-stage land release and development in the Northern Suburbs; planning, development and construction took place from 2004 to 2009. More recent developments near Lyons subdivision includes the suburb of Muirhead.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: Darwin has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen "Aw") with distinct wet and dry seasons and the average maximum temperature is similar all year round. The Australian Building Codes Board classifies it as Climate Zone 1 based on its very humid summers and warm winters. The dry season runs from about May to September, during which nearly every day is sunny, and afternoon relative humidity averages around 30%.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: The driest period of the year, seeing only approximately of monthly rainfall on average, is between May and September. In the coolest months of June and July, the daily minimum temperature may dip as low as , but very rarely lower, and a temperature lower than has never been recorded in the city centre. Outer suburbs away from the coast, however, can occasionally record temperatures as low as in the dry season. For a 147‑day period during the 2012 dry season, from 5 May to 29 September, Darwin recorded no precipitation whatsoever. Prolonged periods of no precipitation are common in the dry season in Northern Australia (particularly in the Northern Territory and northern regions of Western Australia), although a no-rainfall event of this extent is rare. The 3pm dewpoint average in the wet season is at around .


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: Extreme temperatures at the Darwin Post Office Station have ranged from on 17 October 1892 to on 25 June 1891; while extreme temperatures at the Darwin Airport station (which is further from the coast and routinely records cooler temperatures than the post office station, which is in Darwin's CBD) have ranged from on 18 October 1982 to on 29 July 1942. The highest minimum temperature on record is on 18 January 1928 for the post office station and on both 25 November 1987 and 17 December 2014 for the airport station, while the lowest maximum temperature on record is on 3 June 1904 for the post office station and on 14 July 1968 for the airport station.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: The wet season is associated with tropical cyclones and monsoon rains. The majority of rainfall occurs between December and March (the southern hemisphere summer), when thunderstorms are common and afternoon relative humidity averages over 70 percent during the wettest months. It does not rain every day during the wet season, but most days have plentiful cloud cover; January averages under 6 hours of bright sunshine daily. Darwin's highest Bureau of Meteorology verified daily rainfall total is , which fell when Cyclone Carlos bore down on the Darwin area on 16 February 2011. February 2011 was also Darwin's wettest month ever recorded, with recorded for the month at the airport.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: The hottest months are October and November, just before the onset of the main rain season. The heat index sometimes rises above , while the actual temperature is usually below , because of humidity levels that most would find uncomfortable. Because of its long dry season, Darwin has the second-highest average daily hours of sunshine (8.4) of any Australian capital, with the most sunshine from April to November; only Perth, Western Australia, averages more (8.8). The sun passes directly overhead in mid-October and mid-February.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: Darwin occupies one of the most lightning-prone areas in Australia. On 31 January 2002 an early-morning squall line produced over 5,000 cloud-to-ground lightning strikes within a radius of Darwin alone—about three times the amount of lightning that Perth, Western Australia, experiences on average in an entire year.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: Darwin's population changed after the Second World War. Darwin, like many other Australian cities, experienced influxes from Europe, with significant numbers of Italians and Greeks during the 1960s and 1970s. Darwin also started to experience an influx from other European countries, which included the Dutch, Germans, and many others. A significant percentage of Darwin's residents are recent immigrants from Asia, including the peoples of East Timor.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: 38.3% of the population at the 2016 census was born overseas. The five largest groups of overseas-born were from the Philippines (3.6%), England (3.1%), New Zealand (2.1%), India (2%) and Greece (0.9%).


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: 8.7% of the population, or 11,960 people, identified as Indigenous Australians (Aboriginal Australians and/or Torres Strait Islanders) in 2016. This is the largest proportion of any Australian capital city.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: At the 2016 census, 58% of the population spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home include Tagalog (3.7%), Greek (3.5%), Mandarin (2.0%), Nepali (1.2%), Indonesian (1.0%), Australian Aboriginal languages (1.0%), Malayalam (0.9%), Vietnamese (0.8%), Cantonese (0.7%), Italian (0.6%), Portuguese (0.5%, mostly spoken by Timorese), and Tamil (0.5%).


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: In 2011, the Darwin population averaged 33 years old (compared to the national average of around 37 years) assisted to a large extent by the military presence and the fact that many people opt to retire elsewhere.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: , Christianity had the most adherents in Darwin, with 56,613 followers accounting for 49.5 percent of the population of the city. The largest denominations of Christianity are Roman Catholicism (24,538 or 21.5 percent), Anglicanism (14,028 or 12.3 percent) and Greek Orthodoxy (2,964 or 2.6 percent). Buddhists, Muslims, Hindus and Jews account for 3.2 percent of Darwin's population. There were 26,695 or 23.3 percent of people professing no religion.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: The Darwin City Council (incorporated under the Northern Territory Local Government Act 1993) governs the City of Darwin, which takes in the CBD and the suburbs. The city has been governed by a city council form of government since 1957. The council consists of 13 elected members, the lord mayor, and 12 aldermen.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: The City of Darwin electorate is organised into four electoral units or wards. The wards are Chan, Lyons, Richardson, and Waters. The constituents of each ward are directly responsible for electing three aldermen. Constituents of all wards are directly responsible for electing the Lord Mayor of Darwin. The mayor is Kon Vatskalis after council elections in August 2017.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: The rest of the Darwin area is divided into two local government areas—the Palmerston City Council and the Shire of Coomalie. These areas have elected councils that are responsible for functions delegated to them by the Northern Territory Government, such as planning and garbage collection.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: The Legislative Assembly of the Northern Territory convenes in Darwin in the Northern Territory Parliament House. Government House, the official residence of the Administrator of the Northern Territory, is on the Esplanade.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: Darwin is split between nine electoral divisions in the Legislative Assembly—Port Darwin, Fannie Bay, Fong Lim, Nightcliff, Sanderson, Johnston, Casuarina, Wanguri, and Karama. Historically, Darwin voters elected Country Liberal Party members. However, since the turn of the 21st century, voters have often selected Labor members, particularly in the more diverse northern section.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: Also on the Esplanade is the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory. Darwin has a Magistrate's Court which is on the corner of Cavenagh and Bennett streets, quite close to the Darwin City Council Chambers.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: Darwin's police force are members of the Northern Territory Police, under the NT Police Darwin Metropolitan Command. The Darwin urban centre includes Darwin City and the associated suburbs from Buffalo Creek, Berrimah, and East Arm westwards, representing around 35% of the Northern Territory's population. Palmerston urban centre closely approximates the Palmerston Local Government Area, and represents approximately 13% of the Northern Territory's population.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: Darwin has had a history of alcohol abuse and violent crime, with 6,000 assaults in 2009, of which 350 resulted in broken jaws and noses—more than anywhere else in the world, according to the Royal Darwin Hospital.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: Mitchell Street, with its numerous pubs, clubs and other entertainment venues, was one of the areas policed by the CitySafe Unit, officially launched by the NT Chief Minister Paul Henderson on 25 February 2009. It was credited with success in tackling alcohol abuse linked to crime, and the NT police were looking at establishing a specialist licensing enforcement unit in 2010.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: The First Response Patrol, run by Larrakia Nation, which helps to move homeless Indigenous women out of dangerous situations, was credited with the fall in sexual assaults in 2009. The service operates every day from 5am to 2am.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: In the 10 months between 1 October 2018, the date that the alcohol floor price and various other measures were imposed by the NT government following the Riley Review, and 31 July 2019, alcohol-related assaults dropped by 16% and domestic violence by 9% in the Darwin area.


title: Darwin, Northern Territory

text: The rate of offending in most categories of crime dropped in the Darwin urban area between 2018 and 2019, with the notable exceptions of motor vehicle theft and break-ins (both up about 12%). Apart from sexual assault, which rose from 21 to 46, all other categories of crime showed drops in Palmerston.