title: Amazons

text: Peter Paul Rubens and Jan Brueghel depicted the Battle of the Amazons around 1598, a "most dramatic baroque painting", followed by a painting of the Rococo period by Johann Georg Platzer, also titled "Battle of the Amazons". In 19th-century European Romanticism German artist Anselm Feuerbach occupied himself with the Amazons as well. His paintings "engendered all the aspirations of the Romantics: their desire to transcend the boundaries of the ego and of the known world; their interest in the occult in nature and in the soul; their search for a national identity, and the ensuing search for the mythic origins of the Germanic nation; finally, their wish to escape the harsh realities of the present through immersion in an idealized past."


title: Amazons

text: Speculation that the idea of Amazons contains a core of reality is based on archaeological discoveries at kurgan burial sites in the steppes of southern Ukraine and Russia. The graves of numerous high-ranking Scythian and Sarmatian warrior women, who might have participated in warfare, led scholars to suggest that the Amazonian legend has been inspired by the real world. "About 20% of the warrior graves on the lower Don and lower Volga contained women dressed for battle similar to how men dress..." Armed women accounted for up to 25% of Sarmatian military burials. Russian archaeologist Vera Kovalevskaya asserts that when Scythian men were abroad fighting or hunting, women would have to be able to competently defend themselves, their animals, and their pastures.


title: Amazons

text: In early 20th century Minoan archeology a theory regarding Amazon origins in Minoan civilization was raised in an essay by Lewis Richard Farnell and John Myres. According to Myres, the tradition interpreted in the light of evidence furnished by supposed Amazon cults seems to have been very similar and may have even originated in Minoan culture.


title: Amazons

text: The city of Samsun in modern-day Samsun Province, Turkey features an "Amazon Village" museum, to help bring attention to the legacy of the Amazons and to promote both academic interest and tourism. An annual "Amazon Celebration Festival" takes place in the Terme district.


title: Amazons

text: During the Ottoman–Egyptian invasion of Mani in 1826, in the battle of Diros the women of Mani defeated the Ottoman army and for this were given the name of 'The Amazons of Diros'.


title: Amazons

text: From 1936 to 1939, annual propaganda events, called Night of the Amazons ("Nacht der Amazonen") were performed in Nazi Germany at the Nymphenburg Palace Park in Munich. Announced as evening highlights of the "International Horse Racing Week Munich-Riem", bare-breasted variety show girls of the SS-Cavalry, 2,500 participants and international guests performed at the open-air revue. These revues served to promote an allegedly emancipated female role and a cosmopolitan and foreigner-friendly Nazi regime.


title: Amazons

text: Amazons are featured in the following roleplay - and video games: "Diablo", "Heroes Unlimited", "Aliens Unlimited", "", "Flight of the Amazon Queen", "", "", "Final Fantasy IV", "", "Legend of Zelda" series and "Yu-Gi-Oh" games.


title: Amazons

text: The Neptune trojans, asteroids 60° ahead or beyond Neptune on its orbit, are individually named after mythological Amazons.


title: Dominance and submission

text: Dominance and submission (also called D/s) is a set of behaviors, customs, and rituals involving the submission of one person to another in an erotic episode or lifestyle. It is a subset of BDSM. This form of sexual contact and pleasure has been shown to please a minority of people.


title: Dominance and submission

text: Physical contact is not necessary, and D/s can be conducted anonymously over the telephone, email, or other messaging systems. In other cases, it can be intensely physical, sometimes crossing into sadomasochism. In D/s, both parties take pleasure or erotic enjoyment from either dominating or being dominated. Those who take the superior position are called "dominants"—"Doms" (regardless of gender) or "Dommes" (female)—while those who take the subordinate position are called "submissive", or "subs". A "switch" is an individual who plays either role. Two switches together may negotiate and exchange roles several times in a session. The term "dominatrix" usually refers to a female sex worker who dominates others for pay.


title: Dominance and submission

text: The dominant–submissive relationship fits within the overarching term BDSM and its lifestyle. "BDSM" stands for "bondage and discipline" (B&D), "dominant and submissive" (D&S), and "sadism and masochism" (S&M). Many misconceptions of this relationship and its associated activities come from the fact that early theorists conceptualized that sadomasochism and BDSM behavior were a symptom of psychopathology. It was thought that people who participated in this type of sexual play disregarded safety and consent, which influenced the diagnosis, classification, and perception of this type of relationship. These misconceptions of all participants of BDSM having disordered tendencies have related to the definition and criteria for sadomasochism in the DSM-5. Therefore, many in the BDSM community do not fit the criteria.


title: Dominance and submission

text: It is possible that this community of BDSM participants was formed in the early 18th century, and maybe even before. For example, the dominant–submissive partnership has been shown in early versions of the "Kama Sutra". Not only is it shown in literature but also in the actions of ancient rulers that would participate in sexually sadistic torture, role play, and finally the assertion of their dominance over subjects. Their actions show severe sadomasochism as well as the early-onset behaviors of the community.


title: Dominance and submission

text: Currently, the relationship between a dominant and submissive revolves around consent and guidelines. Within the world of BDSM, consent is a core focus and requirement because it is what separates sexual sadism from coercive sexual sadism disorder in the DSM-5. Sexual sadism disorder and sexual masochism disorder have been changed in order to differentiate between consensual and non consensual partners. As well as meeting the new criteria to be classified as one or the other, for example, the person being diagnosed must be experiencing personal distress about their paraphilia rather than distress coming from society's disapproval. The growth of dominant and submissive behavior, sadomasochism, and other BDSM activity is evident through its history, from ancient times through the separation from disorder to consensual-community participant.


title: Dominance and submission

text: Dominance and submission have a long history in human culture and civilization. In human sexuality, this has broadened to include voluntarily chosen roles and activities that express dominance and submission. The proportion of the population which partakes in D/s activities is difficult to ascertain as the statistics vary widely depending on the particular study, date of publication, and country where the research has taken place.


title: Dominance and submission

text: A 1985 study suggested that about 30 percent of participants in BDSM activities are females, and the rest are males. A study by the California Graduate Institute in 2008 found that 61 percent of men were exclusively or mainly dominant (26 percent were exclusively or mainly submissive), while 69 percent of women were exclusively or mainly submissive (30 percent were exclusively or mainly dominant).


title: Dominance and submission

text: A study in 2008 found that only 2.2% of men and 1.3% of women had participated in a BDSM activity in the previous year. In 2017, a Belgian study of BDSM interest in the general population, with a sample size of 1,027, found that 46.8% of the total sample had ever performed at least one BDSM-related activity. An additional 22% had fantasized about it, and 12.5% performed at least one BDSM-related activity on a regular basis.


title: Dominance and submission

text: A 2019 publication states that a minority of the population engages or fantasizes about BDSM activity. A national study with 2,800 participants showed that about 14% of men and 11% of women had participated in some sort of BDSM related activity and from those results, it was concluded that approximately 10% of adults have joined in some part of the sexual behavior.


title: Dominance and submission

text: A "safeword" is usually given to the submissive partner to prevent the dominant from overstepping physical and emotional boundaries. It is usually a code word, series of code words or other signal used to communicate physical or emotional state, typically when approaching, or crossing, a boundary. Safewords can have differing levels of urgency - some may bring a scene to an outright stop, whereas others may indicate that a boundary is being approached. A safeword may be used by the Dominant as well as the Submissive if they feel things have gone too far and are uncomfortable continuing.


title: Dominance and submission

text: D/s may be ritualized or freeform. It is usually a negotiated lifestyle, with people discussing their wishes, limits, and needs in order to find commonality. A D/s relationship may be sexual or non-sexual, long- or short-term, and intimate or anonymous. Most adherents search for the essential intensity, trust, and intimacy that are required to make any deep relationship possible.


title: Dominance and submission

text: BDSM is the sexual practices of bondage and pain / torture , dominant and submissive, as well as sadomasochism.


title: Dominance and submission

text: D/s participants often refer to their activity as "play", with an individual play session being called a "scene". In addition to "dominant" and "submissive" a "switch" is a person who can take either role. The dominant and submissive relations pertain to two people who play with psychological, emotional, and/or physical dominance. Most of the time in sexual relationships like this there is some sort of power exchange through their physical interaction. A scene between two switches can involve trading off the dominant and submissive roles, possibly several times. In contrast, the terms "top" and "bottom" refer to the active (agent) and passive (patient) roles, respectively. In a given scene, there is no requirement that the dominant also be the top, or that the submissive be the bottom, although this is often the case


title: Dominance and submission

text: The term vanilla refers to normative ("non-kinky") sex and relationships, the vanilla world being mainstream society outside of the BDSM subculture. The term comes from vanilla ice cream being considered the "default" flavor.


title: Dominance and submission

text: The term "power exchange" refers to the empowerment of the dominant by the submissive's surrender to his/ her control. Power exchange is consensual and in reality, it is the submissive that has the underlying control during the relationship exchange. The dominant is attempting to satisfy the submissive's kinks and desires.


title: Dominance and submission

text: The terms "top" and "bottom" are used as verbs or nouns to describe the physical play of SM but with less of a focus of the "sadist" and "masochist" part of the activity. They can be used as synonyms for "dominant" and "submissive".


title: Dominance and submission

text: The term "dungeon" is used as a reference to a space/ room designated for sadomasochism play. It can also be used to describe a club where these activities take place. It can also be a place to practice kinks safely and learn how to carry out activities and play.


title: Dominance and submission

text: The term "dungeon monitors" is used as a description of well-trusted BDSM members that volunteer to monitor dungeons and look out for infractions, distress, or any other form of misconduct or non-consent.


title: Dominance and submission

text: The term "flogger" is used to describe a tool or whip used in sexual scenes. The action of flogging refers to impact play. Usually made of leather with a hard handle and multiple long flat strands attached. The term can also be used to describe the person holding the specialized whip.


title: Dominance and submission

text: Some people in the D/s world capitalize words and names that refer to dominants, and do not capitalize those that refer to submissives, hence the capitalization of D/s; others do not. It was popularized in internet chatrooms, to make it easier to identify the orientation of the writer or the person being written about.


title: Dominance and submission

text: Also, some submissives eschew personal pronouns, instead referring to themselves as "this slave" or "Master Bob's girl". This is sometimes considered an expression of modesty, but it is an entirely optional method of depersonalizing a submissive during "play". It may have roots in the military, where new recruits are required to refer to themselves as "this recruit", rather than "I" or "me".


title: Dominance and submission

text: There can be any number of partners in a D/s relationship: one dominant may have several submissives, who may in turn dominate others, or a submissive may have multiple dominants. Relationships may be monogamous or polyamorous. Romantic love is not necessarily a feature in D/s: partners might be very much in love or have no romantic relationship at all. Some D/s relationships are sexual, others completely chaste.


title: Dominance and submission

text: Fantasy role play can be an element, with partners taking classic dominant or submissive roles, or classic authority-figure roles such as teacher and student, police officer and suspect, or parent and child. Animal play, where one partner takes the role of owner or caretaker and the other takes the part of a pet or animal, can also be D/s play.


title: Dominance and submission

text: A classic example of a D/s role is the "sissy" maid, where an adult male dresses in cartoonish female clothing and performs stereotypical female chores such as housecleaning or serving tea. Cross-dressing in D/s does not always involve a desire to be sissified or made into caricatures of women or to serve: for example, others may desire to be made as beautiful as possible and interact on a "girlfriend-to-girlfriend" non-sexual basis.


title: Dominance and submission

text: Variation in D/s is virtually limitless and the activities take many forms, and may be combined with other forms of BDSM. These variations may include:


title: Dominance and submission

text: There are some risks commonly associated with D/s concerning both physical and mental health. Some examples are:


title: Dominance and submission

text: Consent is a vital element in all psychological play, and consent can be granted in many ways. Some employ a written form known as a "Dungeon negotiation form", for others a simple verbal commitment is sufficient. Consent can be limited both in duration and content. There are many versions of consent but mainly it is the knowledge between the partnership of who plays the dominant role and who plays the submissive. The commitment of knowing who afflicts and receives the pain, bondage, torture, and/or humiliation. As well as the fact that all erotic experiences are performed in a safe, legal, and consensual practice as well as benefiting both parties. The consensual practice is what helps distinguish BDSM participants from a psychiatric diagnosis of a sexual disorder. The community of BDSM has adopted the saying "Safe, Sane, Consensual" (SSC) and "Risk-Aware Consensual Kink" (RACK) and a new addition "Caring, Communication, Consent, and Caution" (4Cs). Consent has also been categorized into three groups: surface, scene, and deep consent. Surface consent has been defined as a simple yes or no. Scene consent has been described as including parameters of a top/ bottom negotiation and agreement of a play scene. While deep consent involves the mental capacity of the bottom (submissive) and the awareness of the top that the bottom is able to use a safeword. The BDSM community have a simple code of conduct concerning the boundaries of safety and negotiation to ensure consensual BDSM.


title: Dominance and submission

text: Negotiation in terms of the sexual scenes is required to ensure that the BDSM play is enjoyable and safe for both parties involved. The discussion of what activities are available and the mutual definition of the play is the only way both the dominant and submissive will be able to comfortably perform. There is a complexity to negotiation depending on the trust and emotional attachment the partners have towards each other, the more familiarity between the two the less negotiation needed. The extent of negotiation depends on the partner's involvement, for example, less risk behavior the less negotiation needed.


title: Dominance and submission

text: Safewords are verbal codes both partners can recognize as the end or altering of activities done in a BDSM scene. It is an important asset to continue the consent through the relationship and scene itself. The use of a safeword at any time, regardless of the intensity of the scene, usually signifies the end to a scene, or activity and possible withdrawal of consent completely. Within the community of BDSM, there are universal safewords used according to traffic lights and known as "house safewords". Red means stop everything, yellow means slow down and to not go any further, and green meaning go and continue with more intensity. There are also possibilities where speaking isn't an option and so there are "silent safewords" that are simple gestures that represent stopping an activity, for example, clapping hands, snapping fingers, or any action showing the scene must end. The use of safewords and the abode of them go hand and hand with consent and negotiation. All of it ensures a safe space where both participants are able to enjoy the sexual play.


title: Dominance and submission

text: The BDSM community takes consent very seriously and promotes safe play. They provide many resources so people may learn how to respect consent, such as education, information, and safety. They also provide public playrooms with dungeon monitors to make sure the rules are kept and followed. They have consequences for people who break the built trust and disobey the rule of consent and boundaries. Some punishments include being blacklisted from the community and labeled as a "predator." Being blacklisted includes being personally ridiculed by individual members, as well as exclusion from play parties, clubs, and organizations held by the community.


title: Dominance and submission

text: Although they take all the precautions to the events, coercion and sexual assault still occur inside and outside the community. There are many forms to this that include, knowingly violating consent, accidental violations, and misunderstandings from the lack of communication towards definitions and agreed-upon activities. The National Coalition for Sexual Freedom (NCSF) is an educational organization that is driven to propose positive and safe sex that was founded in 1997. They conducted a survey with 4,598 participants in BDSM and 1,307 of them reported being touched without consent. Out of the participants, 26% reported they were attacked by a predator and 33% said they were coerced. 81% of the sample said that during the activity they wanted it to stop. It's important to include that participants of BDSM are not more likely to be coerced or sexually assaulted, there is no significant relationship between the two. That being said just because someone participates in a dominant and submissive relationship does not mean they will eventually be sexually assaulted or coerced.


title: Dominance and submission

text: Consensual non-consensuality is a mutual agreement to act as if consent has been waived within safe, sane limits. It is an agreement that consent is given in advance, sometimes without foreknowledge of the exact actions planned, though within defined limits subject to a safeword, reasonable care, common sense, or other restrictions. The consent is given with the intent of its being irrevocable under normal circumstances. As such, it is a show of extreme trust and understanding and is usually undertaken only by partners who know each other well, or otherwise agree to set clear, safe limits on their activities.


title: Dominance and submission

text: It is not unusual to grant consent only for an hour or for an evening. When a scene lasts for more than a few hours, it is common to draft a "scene contract" that defines what will happen and who is responsible for what. It is a good way to work out what all the parties want and usually improves the experience. Some contracts can become quite detailed and run for many pages, especially if a scene is to last a weekend or more.


title: Dominance and submission

text: For long term consent, a "slave contract" may be drawn up. BDSM "contracts" are only an agreement between consenting people and are usually not legally binding; in fact, the possession of one may be considered illegal in some areas. Slave contracts are simply a way of defining the nature and limits of the relationship and are not intended to carry legal force.


title: Dominance and submission

text: After a slave contract is drafted, some celebrate the event with a "collaring ceremony", in which the local D/s community is invited to witness the commitment made in the document. Some ceremonies become quite elaborate, and can be as involved as a wedding or any similar ritual.


title: Dominance and submission

text: Some people maintain a special room or area, called a dungeon or playroom, that contains special equipment, such as shackles, handcuffs, whips, queening stools, and spanking benches or a Berkley horse, for example, used for play scenes, or they may visit a BDSM club that maintains such facilities.


title: Dominance and submission

text: Many submissives in a submissive relationship wear a collar to indicate their submissive status and commitment. It can be much like a wedding band, except that only the submissive partner wears one. The traditional collar is a neck band in leather or metal, chosen, designed, and even crafted by the dominant partner. Some subs may wear a "symbolic collar", often a bracelet or ankle chain, which is more subdued than the traditional collar and can pass in non-BDSM situations. It is not uncommon for a sub to have several collars for special occasions. Collars are integral for animal roleplay.


title: Dominance and submission

text: Many people—for example, some in the punk rock and goth subcultures—wear collars for other reasons, such as fashion. So, one cannot assume that all people wearing collars are involved in BDSM. Members of the furry fandom may also wear collars as a part of costuming or as fashion. Use of collars in the sexual aspects of furry lifestyle may or may not be connected to BDSM, depending on the individual's preferences.


title: Dominance and submission

text: One of the most famous works in this area is Leopold von Sacher-Masoch's "Venus im Pelz" ("Venus in Furs", 1869), in which the protagonist, Severin, persuades a woman, Wanda, to take him on as her slave, serves her, and allows her to degrade him. The book has elements of both social and physical submission, and is the genesis of the term "masochism" coined by the 19th-century psychiatrist Krafft-Ebing.


title: Check mark

text: A check or check mark (American English), checkmark (Philippine English), tickmark (Indian English) or tick (Australian, New Zealand English, and British English) is a mark (✓, ✔, etc.) used, primarily in the English-speaking world, to indicate the concept "yes" (e.g. "yes; this has been verified", "yes; that is the correct answer", "yes; this has been completed", or "yes; this [item or option] applies"). The x mark is also sometimes used for this purpose (most notably on election ballot papers, e.g. in the United Kingdom), but otherwise usually indicates "no", incorrectness, or failure. One of the earliest usages of a check mark as an indication of completion is on ancient Babylonian tablets "where small indentations were sometimes made with a stylus, usually placed at the left of a worker's name, presumably to indicate whether the listed ration has been issued."


title: Check mark

text: As a verb, to check (off) or tick (off) means to add such a mark. Printed forms, printed documents, and computer software (see checkbox) commonly include squares in which to place check marks.


title: Check mark

text: The check mark is a predominant affirmative symbol of convenience in the English-speaking world because of its instant and simple composition. In other language communities, there are different conventions.


title: Check mark

text: It is common in Swedish schools for a to indicate that an answer is incorrect, while "R", from the Swedish , i.e., "correct", is used to indicate that an answer is correct.


title: Check mark

text: In Finnish, ✓ stands for , i.e., "wrong", due to its similarity to a slanted v. The opposite, "correct", is marked with formula_1, a slanted vertical line emphasized with two dots (also see commercial minus sign).


title: Check mark

text: In Japan, the O mark is used instead of the check mark, and the X or ✓ mark are commonly used for wrong.


title: Check mark

text: In the Netherlands a 'V' is used to show that things are missing while the flourish of approval (or "krul") is used for approving a section or sum.


title: Jennifer Winget

text: Jennifer Winget (born 30 May 1985) is an Indian actress who primarily works in Hindi television along with Hindi films. She started her career as a child actor with the 1995 film "Akele Hum Akele Tum" and made her TV debut with "Shaka Laka Boom Boom" in 2002. She then portrayed Sneha Bajaj in "Kasautii Zindagii Kay" and Dr. Riddhima Gupta in "Dill Mill Gayye".


title: Jennifer Winget

text: Winget established herself as one of the leading actresses of Indian television with her portrayal of Kumud Sundari Desai in "Saraswatichandra", Maya Mehrotra in "Beyhadh" and Zoya Siddiqui in "Bepannah". She made her web debut with ALT Balaji's "Code M".


title: Jennifer Winget

text: Winget was born on 30 May 1985 in Bombay, (present-day Mumbai), India. She is the daughter of a Punjabi mother and a Maharashtrian Christian father, and is often mistaken for a person of non-Indian origins due to her western first name.


title: Jennifer Winget

text: Winget started her career at the age of 15 in the 2000 film "Raja Ko Rani Se Pyar Ho Gaya", and then appeared as a supporting actor in the Indian film "Kuch Naa Kaho" at the age of 18. Later, she went on to work in various Indian TV shows. Winget's big break as the lead in television came with the show "Karthika", where she played the role of a struggling singer who dreams of making it big.


title: Jennifer Winget

text: She later starred in "Kasautii Zindagii Kay", where she played Sneha, the daughter of the protagonists. In 2009, she replaced Sukirti Kandpal as Riddhima Gupta in the show "Dill Mill Gayye." In 2013 she starred in Sanjay Leela Bhansali's television show Saraswatichandra as Kumud Desai opposite Gautam Rode. For her performance she won the Indian Television Academy Award for Best Actress Critics. In 2016, Winget portrayed Maya Mehrotra in Sony TV's "Beyhadh". For her performance she won numerous awards and appreciation. In 2018, she played the role of Zoya Siddiqui in Colors TV's "Bepannaah" opposite Harshad Chopda. She also portrayed the role of Maya Jaisingh in Sony TV's Beyhadh 2 during the early 2020s, opposite Ashish Chaudhary and Shivin Narang. However, the show got an abrupt ending due to coronavirus lockdown. Winget is one of highest paid Indian Television actresses.


title: Jennifer Winget

text: Winget married Karan Singh Grover on 9 April 2012. In November 2014, Winget stated that she and Grover had separated.


title: Jennifer Winget

text: Winget has established herself as one of the most popular and highest paid television actress in India. She is widely noted for her powerful and impactful onscreen roles and performances. She ranked 5th in "Rediff"s Top 10 Television Actresses list of 2014.


title: Jennifer Winget

text: In UK-based newspaper "Eastern Eye"s List of 50 Sexiest Asian Women, she ranked 21st in 2012. In 2013, she ranked 15th. In 2018, she ranked 13th. Winget became "Times of India"s was ranked in Times 20 Most Desirable Women on Television List at 2nd in both 2017 and 2018.


title: Jennifer Winget

text: In 2022, Winget contributed to the fight for India’s elephants by spending three days volunteering with Wildlife SOS.


title: G-Dragon

text: Kwon Ji-yong (; born August 18, 1988), also known by his stage name G-Dragon (지드래곤), is a South Korean rapper, singer-songwriter, record producer, entrepreneur and fashion designer, known as the "King of K-pop". G-Dragon is the recipient of numerous awards, including seven Mnet Asian Music Awards, six Melon Music Awards, two Korean Music Awards, two Golden Disc Awards, two MBC Entertainment Awards, among several other awards. Additionally, he is the first and only solo artist to receive the Mnet Asian Music Award for Artist of the Year in 2013.


title: G-Dragon

text: Born and raised in Seoul, South Korea, G-Dragon officially debuted in 2006 and rose to prominence as the leader of the South Korean group Big Bang, which went on to become one of the best-selling boy bands in the world. In 2009, he released his first solo album "Heartbreaker;" the album and its title track of the same name were commercially successful, becoming the best-selling album by a Korean soloist at the time and earning him Album of the Year at the 2009 Mnet Asian Music Awards. This was followed by a collaboration with fellow Big Bang member T.O.P for the album "GD & TOP" in 2010. His first EP "One of a Kind" (2012), spawned three singles: "One of a Kind", "Crayon", and the chart-topper "That XX". The EP earned Best Album at the 2013 Seoul Music Awards. In 2013, he embarked on his first worldwide tour as a solo artist, making him the first Korean soloist to tour Japanese dome arenas. His 2017 EP, "Kwon Ji Yong", yielded the number one single "Untitled, 2014", and the supporting concert tour became the largest tour ever conducted by a Korean soloist.


title: G-Dragon

text: Widely recognized for his influence on youth culture, fashion trends, and music in South Korea, G-Dragon was named by "Forbes" in 2016 as the most influential person under 30 in Asia's entertainment and sports. G-Dragon has written or co-written 23 number one songs on the Gaon Digital Chart most of which he has also co-produced.


title: G-Dragon

text: G-Dragon was born on August 18, 1988, in Seoul, South Korea. G-Dragon began his career at age six as part of the group Little Roo'Ra. Following the release of the group's Christmas album, the group's contract was terminated by their record company, which shocked G-Dragon. Although he vowed to his mother that he "wouldn't [try to become a singer] again," he was scouted by SM Entertainment on a ski trip with his family. He was a trainee under the record label SM Entertainment for five years (from 8–13 years old), specializing in dance before he left.


title: G-Dragon

text: During his third grade year, a friend introduced G-Dragon to the American rap group Wu-Tang Clan. Having been influenced by their music, he developed interest in rapping and began taking classes. After attending a summer school hosted by the South Korean hiphop group which he joined after begging his mom, he was introduced to Lee Hee sung, who was member of another South Korean hip hop group , who tried to make G-dragon into Korea's Bow wow. Under People Crew's tutelage, he participated in the release of the Korean hip-hop album "Korean hiphop Flex(대한민국 힙합플렉스 2001)" in 2001, becoming the youngest Korean rapper at 13 years old. Although he wrote his own lyrics, he admitted that his English was weak and the story behind the lyrics was just another typical "I'm young, but I'm the best" story. Additionally, he and future fellow Big Bang member Choi Seung-hyun were "neighborhood friend[s] from middle school" and would often dance and rap together before G-Dragon moved away. Catching the interest of Sean of the hip-hop duo Jinusean from YG Entertainment, he recommended G-Dragon to Sean's record label's CEO Yang Hyun Suk. After signing a contract with the record label, G-Dragon spent the first year cleaning the studio for the other artists in the record label and fetching water bottles during dance practice.


title: G-Dragon

text: He chose the stage name G-Dragon ("Ji" is pronounced like "G", and Yong is Korean for "dragon"). He featured on other artists' albums and even released several singles with Dong under the name "GDYB." After YG Entertainment scrapped the plan and opted for a boy band instead, G-Dragon contacted Choi, who auditioned in. G-Dragon, Dong (who chose the stage name Taeyang), and Choi (who chose the stage name T.O.P), were paired with three other members (Jang Hyun-seung, Daesung, and Seungri).


title: G-Dragon

text: The formation of the group was documented on television, but prior to their official debut, Jang was dropped. The now-quintet's debut was a moderate success, with their first album selling over 100,000 copies, and included G-Dragon's first solo recording, a cover of the American alternative rock group Maroon 5's single "This Love". The release of the EP "Always" in 2007 was a musical departure from their previous materials and saw G-Dragon's increased involvement in its production. Several songs were composed by him, including the lead-single "Lies", which became the group's first number one hit. Their following EPs followed its predecessor's footsteps: "Hot Issue" yielded "Last Farewell" while "Stand Up" spawned "Day by Day"; both singles, composed by him, were chart-toppers. Having produced the majority of Big Bang's materials, G-Dragon became involved with the production of Taeyang's debut extended play "Hot" (2008), after which he subsequently recorded a "Part Two" to the EP's lead single "Only Look at Me".


title: G-Dragon

text: In 2009, G-Dragon was featured on singer Lexy's song "Super Fly" for her album "Rush" alongside Taeyang and T.O.P. He later collaborated with the Japanese boy band W-inds. for their single, "Rain Is Fallin'/Hybrid Dream".<ref name="winds/Collab2"></ref><ref name="winds/collab"></ref> His first solo album, "Heartbreaker", was initially scheduled to be released in April that year, but was pushed back to August. Featuring collaborations with several artists, including Teddy of 1TYM, Taeyang, Kush, CL and Sandara Park of 2NE1, the album marked a change in G-Dragon's appearance as he dyed his hair blonde to match its concept. Propelled by its lead-single of the same name, an electronic pop song that sold nearly five million downloads, the album surpassed 300,000 copies sold and went on to win Album of the Year from the 2009 Mnet Asian Music Awards. Shortly after "Heartbreaker"'s release, G-Dragon was accused of plagiarism by Sony Music when his tracks "Heartbreaker" and "Butterfly" were alleged to be similar to Flo Rida's "Right Round" and Oasis's "She's Electric", respectively. However, EMI, the record label that distributed "Right Round" said that they saw no similarities between these two songs.


title: G-Dragon

text: On March 6, 2010, YG Entertainment announced that they personally contacted Flo Rida's representatives requesting that he feature in G-Dragon's live album, "Shine a Light", to which Flo Rida accepted. In support of his album, G-Dragon staged his at Olympic Gymnastics Arena in December 2009. The name of the concert, Shine a Light"," was derived from the lyrics to his song "A Boy". The concert subsequently sparked controversy following complaints of obscenity and suggestive content. The Korean Ministry of Health, Welfare and Family Affairs later asked the government prosecutors to investigate if G-Dragon or YG Entertainment violated laws on obscene performances in his concert. He was found innocent and was cleared of all charges on March 15, 2010.


title: G-Dragon

text: In November 2010, G-Dragon and T.O.P released their collaboration album "GD & TOP". Preceding the release of the album, the duo held a worldwide premiere showcase for their album at Times Square in Yeongdeungpo of Seoul, which was also broadcast live on YouTube. To promote their album, the duo released three singles: "High High", "Oh Yeah", and "Knock Out" (Korean: 뻑이가요; Revised Romanization: <nowiki>"</nowiki>Ppeogigayo<nowiki>"</nowiki>). All three singles preceded the release of the album and achieved commercial success: "High High" scored number one on several music programs while "Oh Yeah" peaked at number two on the Gaon Digital Chart. The album was released on Christmas Eve, and debuted at number one on the Gaon Album Chart with pre-orders of 200,000 copies.


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text: G-Dragon also formed a duo with Park Myung Soo for the Infinite Challenge Seohae Ahn Highway Song Festival 2011. They released their song "Having an Affair" featuring Park Bom from 2NE1 on June 2, 2011. The song later became the second most downloaded song on the Gaon Music Chart for the year 2011.


title: G-Dragon

text: Promotional activities halted after G-Dragon tested positive for marijuana. Though a urine test back in August came back negative, a weak positive for marijuana was detected from testing the content of his hair in October. Since it was his first recorded offense with a minuscule amount of the drug, it resulted in an indictment and he was not charged. He later claimed to have accepted a cigarette offered by a fan in Japan during a party back in May, but after realizing it was not a normal cigarette, threw it away. He made his first public appearance after the scandal at the 2011 MTV EMAs with his group.


title: G-Dragon

text: While working on new solo materials, G-Dragon made an appearance in the Japanese version of Pixie Lott's album "Young Foolish Happy", along with T.O.P. His first extended play "One of a Kind" was released on September 15, 2012, drawing positive reviews, placing first on the "Billboard" World Album Chart and entering the "Billboard" 200 Chart at 161. Three singles were released to support the album: the top-five hit "One of a Kind," which earned him the Best Hip Hop and Rap Song of the Year awards from the Korean Music Awards and the Rhythmer Awards respectively; the number one "That XX" and the top-three hit "Crayon" that was ranked by "Spin Magazine" as the best K-Pop single of the year. The album sold over 200,000 copies, making it the highest selling solo album in Korea since the release of his debut album "Heartbreaker" in 2009. He won "Best Male Solo Artist" at the 14th Mnet Asian Music Awards and "Record of the Year" for "One of a Kind" at the 22nd Seoul Music Awards. G-Dragon also embarked on the One of a Kind World Tour in 2013, becoming the first Korean solo artist to hold a four-dome tour in Japan and the second Korean solo artist to have a world tour (the first being Rain). The production of the tour cost $3.5 million, making it the largest scale in Korean history at the time. The tour was held in 8 countries, visited 13 cities for a total of 27 concerts gathering 570,000 fans.


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text: In August 2013, G-Dragon performed "Shake The World" as an intro to "One Of A Kind," "Feat. Missy Elliot" (Missy Eliott Ver.) and "Crayon" at the KCON 2013 concert in Los Angeles.


title: G-Dragon

text: After touring extensively, G-Dragon went back into the studio to record his second studio album. YG Entertainment later announced that Grammy Award-winning musician Missy Elliott will be featured on the album. "Coup d'Etat" (2013) was released in two parts online, with the full album released physically on September 13, featuring collaborations with Diplo, Baauer, Boys Noize, Sky Ferreira, Siriusmo, Zion.T, Lydia Paek, and label-mate Jennie Kim. G-Dragon and Missy Elliott performed the song "Niliria" at the KCON 2013 in Los Angeles. Six tracks from "Coup d'Etat" placed within the top 10 of the Gaon Digital Chart, including the number one "Who You?". The best-performing single of the album was "Crooked", with over 1.8 million digital downloads, which was his first solo music video to surpass 100 million views on YouTube. The title track "Coup d'Etat" was chosen by "Billboard" as one of the game-changing EDM tracks of 2013. The album entered the "Billboard" 200, making G-Dragon the first Korean act to have multiples entries on the chart. The success of "Coup d'Etat" led to G-Dragon winning a total of four awards at the 15th Mnet Asian Music Awards: Best Male Solo Artist, Best Music Video for "Coup d'Etat", Best Dance Performance for "Crooked", and the highest award, Artist of The Year. He later took home the World's Best Entertainer and World's Best Album at the World Music Awards.


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text: G-Dragon participated in the Infinite Challenge music festival again for the second time on October 17, 2013, in Imjingak, composing and performing the song "Going to Try" with comedian Jeong Hyeong-don.


title: G-Dragon

text: In 2014, G-Dragon wrote and produced for other YG artists. He wrote the track "Good to You" from 2NE1's album "Crush". He also worked on Taeyang's second album "Rise", writing and producing the lead single "Ringa Linga" and "Stay With Me", and was a featured artist on the latter track. In November 2014, G-Dragon and Taeyang formed a duo to release the single "Good Boy", which debuted at  1 on "Billboard"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s World Digital Songs chart, the third time a Korean act topped the chart after PSY and 2NE1. The single had over 1.2 million downloads in South Korea, while its music video surpassed 100 million views on YouTube; this made Big Bang the first Korean male group to have three videos with this many YouTube views. In December of the same year, G-Dragon collaborated with Skrillex and Diplo for the song "Dirty Vibe", which features labelmate CL. The single charted at No. 15 on "Billboard"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Hot Dance/Electronic Songs and No. 21 on Dance/Electronic Digital Songs, making them the first Korean artists to land on the chart. In 2015, he wrote and produced a song for "Welcome Back", the debut album of YG's new rookie group iKon.


title: G-Dragon

text: G-Dragon spent the majority of 2015 and 2016 touring with his band for their third Korean album, performing for over 3.6 million fans in two years. In 2015, he participated in the Infinite Challenge music festival for the third consecutive time, and for the first time with bandmate Taeyang. The duo teamed up with 's Hwang Kwanghee and released the single "Mapsosa", which peaked at No. 2 on the Gaon Digital Chart, and sold 1.1 million copies by the end of the year, making it one of the best-selling songs of 2015. He appeared on the same show again the following year, for the "Muhan Company" special, in which he acted for the first time. Additionally, he featured alongside British rapper M.I.A. in Baauer's song "Temple" from his debut album "Aa". The song charted at No. 36 on "Billboard"'s Dance/Electronic Digital Songs and No. 26 on Hot Dance/Electronic Songs, making him the first Korean male artist to chart twice on both charts.


title: G-Dragon

text: On February 1, 2017, G-Dragon featured on Zion.T's song "Complex" which peaked at number two on the Gaon Digital Chart. He also served as a guest rapper for IU's lead single "Palette," off her album of the same name which topped the Gaon Chart for two consecutive weeks. After the promotional activities with his band wrapped up, G-Dragon began preparing for the release of his new album, along with a solo concert tour.


title: G-Dragon

text: The single "Bullshit" was set to serve as the lead single to precede the release of his second self-titled EP. Due to bandmate T.O.P's marijuana scandal, and the single's provocative name, "Untitled, 2014" was released to radio instead to avoid further controversy for the artist's record label. Forgoing the traditional method of releasing music on CDs, "Kwon Ji Yong" was released in USB flash drive format on June 8, drawing criticism from Gaon, which refused to regard it as an official album. Gaon reversed its decision later that year, acknowledging the unconventional format as legitimate. The release saw him topping iTunes charts in 46 countries, the most by any Korean album, including the US iTunes chart. "Kwon Ji Yong" also topped the iTunes worldwide album and European iTunes charts making him the first Korean soloist to do so. In the United States, "Kwon Ji Yong" became his best-selling album in just one day and his third entry on the "Billboard" 200 and first number one on the Heatseeksers Albums. Additionally, the EP became his third chart-topper and the first by a Korean soloist to spend multiple weeks atop the "Billboard" World Albums. In China, the album surpassed 760,000 digital units sold in a day on QQ Music, the biggest music site in the country. Six days after its release, it surpassed one million copies sold, becoming the fastest album to do so and the best-selling album of the year so far. His second world tour, , began at Seoul World Cup Stadium on June 10, 2017 and visited 29 cities across Asia, North America, Europe and Oceania. The tour is the largest tour by a Korean artist in the United States and Europe, and is the largest concert tour ever conducted by a Korean solo artist, it was attended by 654,000 people worldwide. A behind-the-scenes documentary look at the tour was released by YouTube Premium in September 2018.


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text: G-Dragon began his two-year mandatory military service on February 27, 2018, by entering the 3rd Infantry Division’s boot camp in Gangwon province as an active duty soldier, where he was set to be discharged on October 26, 2019, after completing the requirements. On October 26, 2019, G-Dragon was officially discharged from the military.


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text: Shortly after his discharge, G-Dragon became the first Korean musician to collaborate with Nike in November 2019 for the Nike Air Force 1 Para-Noise.


title: G-Dragon

text: On May 4, 2020, G-Dragon signed a contract to model for a famous beverage brand Chapai in China's Nongpushan. On April 4, 2022, G-Dragon made a comeback with Big Bang when they released their first song in four years, "Still Life".


title: G-Dragon

text: Inspired by the music of Wu-Tang Clan and citing American singer Pharrell Williams as his "musical hero", G-Dragon's production discography is predominately hip hop. He has also listed Jinusean, Fabolous and Kanye West as influences. At the age of 12, he participated in the annual hip hop "Flex" album in an attempt jumpstart his career as a hip hop artist. When Big Bang debuted, G-Dragon produced mainly hip hop songs for their albums before the quintet branched out and experimented with electronic music, setting it as the new music trend in Korea. While the band continues to incorporate a diverse range of genre into their materials, G-Dragon focuses mainly on hip hop for his solo efforts and the two sub-units he is a part of (GD & TOP, GD X Taeyang) to contrast Big Bang's sound.


title: G-Dragon

text: His first album "Heartbreaker" was a mix of dance, hip-hop, and R&B while acoustic, hip hop and electronic music influenced "GD & TOP". The song "Crayon" from the EP "One of a Kind" is a mix between hip-hop and electronic music whereas "One of a Kind" is hip hop and pop-rap song. G-Dragon's second album, "Coup d'Etat", is noted for being an eclectic mix of hip-hop, dubstep, rock, electro, and pop, with Jessica Oak from "Billboard magazine" describing the album's title track, which was co-produced by American DJs Diplo and Baauer, as a slow tempo trap influenced song. The song also samples Gil Scott-Heron's "The Revolution Will Not Be Televised." Meanwhile, "Crooked" was described as a "synthed-up, deliriously catchy pop-punk" with a "neon-bright" sound, fusing "heavy drumbeats and metal guitar riffs" and featuring a "heavy bass line and fully amplified sound at the chorus." In the track, G-Dragon also mixes rap with singing. "Niliria" was noted for sounding ethnic and surrealist.


title: G-Dragon

text: "Kwon Ji Yong" continues to feature songs under the hip-hop and R&B genre, with the exception of its lead single, "Untitled, 2014", which is a ballad. Despite primarily being a rapper, the latter also has G-Dragon only singing over a "single piano accompaniment," with Jeff Benjamin of "Fuse" comparing the song to Adele's "Someone like You" for its simplicity. The intro, "Middle Fingers-Up", features a piano riff with an underlying trap beat. Act I. or "Bullshit" is a multi-layered hip-hop track characterized by a pulsating chorus and sudden beat and rhythm changes. Act II. or "Super Star" is a slow jam fused with trap, filled with brassy drums, Middle-Eastern horns, lilting synths, and a backing chorus. The outro, "Divina Commedia", is an experimental alt-R&B track which samples "Veridis Quo" from Daft Punk's 2001 album "Discovery".


title: G-Dragon

text: G-Dragon writes the majority of his lyrics, explaining that "each feeling [in creating the music] is different", using his emotions to direct the lyrical content and the composition of his songs. Preferring to pen lyrics that "sound like an actual story," G-Dragon has said he injects throughout his songwriting process "a sense of eeriness" writing songs that resemble horror films, like "She's Gone", "Window" and "That XX". "Spin" magazine wrote that G-Dragon's music is "daring by K-pop standards, wildly innovative by any standard" and that the rapper seems "unafraid of constantly pushing forward."


title: G-Dragon

text: "The Guardian" noted that his songs stand out for "more in-depth themes including self-destruction and narcissism." The lyrics in his song "A Boy" was in response to the negative criticisms surrounding his 2009 plagiarism controversy, with the artist refusing to give up on his career despite the setbacks. "Crooked" was created to express his natural punk attitude by describing a man "full of angst and despair" that demands to be left alone as he spends the night "like a 'crooked-minded person,' because in the end, he's alone and doesn't need anyone's 'sugarcoated sympathy.'" His use of explicit languages in "That XX" drew controversy for the artist, and the song was deemed unsuitable for listeners below 19 years of age, and compromised words were replaced by beeps in the music video. Discussing "cheeky" themes such as money and fame, "One of a Kind" from the EP of the same name is often view as one of his best work, with "Ize" magazine listing it as one of the most memorable songs written by G-Dragon, commenting that it raised his status as a hip-hop musician. "Middle Fingers Up" from "Kwon Ji-Yong" discusses the diminishing number of his personal relationships and his ever-decreasing social circle while "Bullshit"'s lyrics are self-referential, referencing "Crayon" by name while the canine onomatopoeia recalls the title track to his last album "Coup d'Etat". He takes on a more remorseful approach in "Untitled, 2014", with the rapper apologizing for "his past actions, asking for forgiveness and the chance to see his ex again even if it's just one more time or in his dreams" in what has been described as "a letter to a past lover"


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text: He also explored other themes as a producer for Big Bang: "If You" was inspired during a time when the artist was in love, "Bae Bae" was inspired by the work of British artist Francis Bacon and the eroticism in his paintings, while "Loser" was written in an attempt to humanize the group. To distinguish himself from other artists and composers, G-Dragon admits to "giving twist and turn at every corner and evoking [a] different story" with each part of his music, acknowledging that although the chorus is the catchiest part of the song, he wants all the parts to his song to be remembered. Aside from producing songs for his own band, G-Dragon has also produced for other artists, including bandmates Taeyang's, Seungri's and Daesung's solo careers, and YG Entertainment label-mates iKon and 2NE1. He is often described as a "perfectionist" who's very critical during recording sessions.


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text: G-Dragon's stage presence and performances have been well received. In a review for his One of a Kind World Tour, "Billboard" claimed that G-Dragon was a "highly-energetic performer" and was pushing boundaries with this tour, which was described as "vibrant" and a "Michael Jackson-level affair". "MWave" stated that G-Dragon showed that he's indeed one of a kind while "he burst forth in his own style and personality all throughout the concert." The critic concluded that the rapper "filled every corner of the stage perfectly with his solo presence." His second world tour, , received rave reviews from critics and fans and was noted for being more intimate. In a review for one of his performances in Thailand, Riddhi Chakraborty from "Rolling Stone India" praised the singer-rapper for delivering "precise choreograph[ies]" with "unwavering enthusiasm [...] and brutal honesty" while Kimberly Lim from "The New Paper" also noted how G-Dragon "performed gravity-defying and slick moves" at one of his concerts in Macau.


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text: "Billboard" K-Town describes his productions as large-scale, dramatic and infused with his personality, often incorporating a live band alongside professional dancers, various costumes changes, manipulation of stage lights, and the use of pyrotechnics. The singer-rapper's stage outfits have also garnered attention, with "Dazed" magazine noting that G-Dragon has the "rare ability to play loose and wild with his sartorial choices" to put together outfits that make the "ridiculous become sublime, [and] the impractical into the necessary." G-Dragon explains that while his "[s]tage outfits are loud, outspoken, glamorous, [and] fancy", they are very different from his "normal day to day clothing", preferring to wear "loud and outspoken" clothes when performing compare to a more casual style off-stage.


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text: While promoting his EP "Kwon Ji Yong", G-Dragon revealed that he originally created the alter ego G-Dragon to keep his stage persona separated from who he really is. "Seoul Beats" have described G-Dragon as "glamorous, cocky, [and] energetic", compared to his real-life "humble [and] understated" personality. In a 2017 interview with "Elle", he described G-Dragon as someone who is "full of self-confidence" and is "a fancier and stronger person" while Kwon Ji-yong is an "introvert[ed] guy" with "many thoughts in his mind." After the release of "Kwon Ji Yong" and while touring for Act III: M.O.T.T.E, G-Dragon expressed a desire to distance himself from his alter ego, explaining to his fans that for the past few years he has been "living as G-Dragon, but now I want to live as Kwon Ji Yong." "Rolling Stone India" noted how during the third act of the concerts, fans were able to witness "the rather menacing G-Dragon melt away into the shy Ji Yong."


title: G-Dragon

text: G-Dragon maintains tight control over his career, publicly opposing the idea of singers as "products" of the entertainment industry and criticizing agencies who do not give their artists creative control. Known for reinventing his image and style throughout the years, the singer-rapper is often described as the "most fashionable" member in Big Bang. While promoting "Heartbreaker", his change in hairstyle by dyeing it blonde gained popularity among his fans and became one of the top hairstyles of the year. He has consistently altered his hair throughout the years, ranging from various shades of colors to different cuts. Additionally, his constant sporting of triangular scarves during promotions for Big Bang's EP "Always" became a trend among teenagers and were later nicknamed the "Big Bang scarves".


title: G-Dragon

text: G-Dragon is noted for his androgynous appearance, with the "Korea JoongAng Daily" calling him "a notable star fashioning genderless style", noting how his image deviates from the fixed gender type of men and women. "Vogue Magazine" stated how his androgynous or gender-bending appearance defies a "society that maintains traditional, patriarchal values and a noted adherence to manufactured beauty ideals." When he collaborated with Italian footwear designer Giuseppe Zanotti to launch a limited-edition collection of men's and women's shoes, he stated that "it's not just girls or women who get excited and worked up over pretty shoes. [...] [G]uys can feel that way, too." G-Dragon's fashion has been described as "quirky and experimental" by Rushali Pawar of the "International Business Times" while Taylor Glasby from the British Magazine "Dazed and Confused" characterized his style as "fluid and far-reaching," calling him a "natural style chameleon." Monica Kim from "Vogue Magazine" admired his "uncanny knack for larger-than-life style that remains wearably cool." Joe Coscarelli from "The New York Times" calls him "a style icon, a chameleon who often makes peak-era Lady Gaga seem staid". He has covered various issues of "W", "Dazed", "Hypebeast", "Elle", "Vogue", and landed editorials in "Harper’s Bazaar", "Esquire", among other Asian magazines.


title: G-Dragon

text: G-Dragon stated that he was initially self-conscious of his role as a musician, noting how he had "changed many things including the tone of my voice because I was conscious about my job when I was in front of others." Aware that his public image is important when promoting his materials, G-Dragon notes that "what the public perceives of [me] is my doing so it's my fault if I give off the wrong intention." In recent years, he has become more relaxed, stating that now he doesn't "do music or dress up in order to impress people around me. I don't try to be conscious [about music and fashion]".


title: G-Dragon

text: G-Dragon was chosen by "The Chosun Ilbo" as the Best Dressed Celebrity of 2012, while in 2014, he was chosen as one of the Best-Dressed Street Style Stars of the year by "New York". G-Dragon was included in the 2015's and 2016's Business of Fashion's "500 Global Fashion Leaders" list, making him one of the five Koreans on the list, and the only K-Pop act to have made the cut. He was also the only Korean in "Hypebeast's 100 Innovators" list.


title: G-Dragon

text: In 2012, G-Dragon built a pension hotel as a gift to his family; fans can also stay at this hotel which is now run as a business by his parents. On October 20, 2015, G-Dragon officially opened his first cafe on Jeju Island, under the name of "Monsant Cafe". The South Korean indie band Hyukoh was the first artist to play at the café in September 2015. In 2017, his second cafe named "Untitled, 2017", inspired by the title of his most recent single, was built, along with a bowling alley both designed by G-Dragon. It is located within YG Entertainment's YG Republique building complex "YG Town" of Jeju Shinhwa World resort, for which he is an ambassador.


title: G-Dragon

text: G-Dragon along with Big Bang are Korea's highest paid celebrities over endorsements, reportedly having an asking price of $1–1.5 million USD per endorsement in 2011. In August 2015, he became the face of Airbnb in the Asian market. In 2016, G-Dragon started endorsing Shinsegae, the largest retailer in South Korea and his merchandises were reported to take up over 49% of sales in the YG store. He also endorsed the Italian sportswear label Kappa as a part of their 100th anniversary and it was reported that he earned US$1.9 million from the brand. He was selected as the face of Hyundai's Verna concept vehicle, appearing at an auto show in Beijing which saw 10,000 fans gather to see him in person. In 2017, G-Dragon endorsed Vidal Sassoon in China, he also joined Nike's Air Max Day global campaign and endorsed the Vapormax shoe, causing instant sell-outs across online stores in South Korea. The same year, he was announced as the official ambassador of luxury resort Jeju Shinhwa World, located on Jeju Island. In 2017, G-Dragon was chosen as the brand ambassador of Jeju Island's first premiere resort complex "Jeju Shinhwa World", G-Dragon directly participated in the development, designing and planning the concept of the resort complex.


title: G-Dragon

text: In 2013, G-Dragon partnered with Ambush for a special collaborative release which includes apparel and accessories. The collection highlights G-Dragon's signature crest by utilizing the design throughout the entire release. In 2014, G-Dragon partnered with Chow Tai Fook Enterprises jewelry and launched a collection designed by himself. G-Dragon opened an art exhibition in 2015 under the name "Peaceminusone: Beyond the Stage". The exhibition features 200 works of art from 12 domestic and international artists including Michael Scoggins, Sophie Clements and James Clar. Having worked on the exhibition for over a year, its aim is to bring the modern art and pop culture together in order to "introduce domestic artists to the public, who are unfamiliar with art or who find art unapproachable." The show was held at the Seoul Museum of Art from June 6 to August 23. He also launched a collaboration with Giuseppe Zanotti and designed two unisex shoe styles.


title: G-Dragon

text: In 2016, he collaborated with the brand 8 Seconds, part of the Samsung C&T Fashion Group, designing his first street fashion collection. The collection featured innovative "genderless" designs, suitable for both men and women. In October the same year, G-Dragon launched his personal fashion brand, Peaceminusone, with his long time stylist Gee Eun as an online store, with a collection that includes tees, caps, jewelry, and in-ear headphones. Later, the line was launched as a physical store at the Dover Street Market in London and in Seoul. His brand, Peaceminusone, collaborated with Ambush in November for a capsule collection of denim pieces, marking his third collaboration with the label. The same year, he starred in the official campaign for Seoul-based fashion label Juun.J's FW16 collection with Taeyang. He also became a brand ambassador for French fashion house Chanel, and starred in the label’s Gabrielle bag campaign during 2017, alongside industry legend Pharrell.


title: G-Dragon

text: In 2017, G-Dragon began doing pop-up shops for his brand Peaceminusone which started in Seoul. He then teamed up with the boutique called Alchemist to launch a six-day pop-up in Miami. While on his second world tour (Act III: M.O.T.T.E) he continued to make pit stops, to do pop-up shops in places like Osaka and Hong Kong. Later that year he collaborated with Vogue to do another pop-up shop in Seoul, selling limited edition Peaceminusone X Vogue apparel. He also launched collaboration with French retailer Colette which was made available to purchase on his online store. In 2019, he collaborated with Nike to release his Peaceminusone Para-Noise Air Force 1 shoes. A second version of Peaceminusone Para-Noise Air Force 1 shoes in white color was released in 2020. G-Dragon’s new PEACEMINUSONE x Nike Kwondo 1 “Panda” is expected to release in 2022.


title: G-Dragon

text: G-Dragon has shown support for numerous charity organizations over the years. Notably, the final concert of his world tour in 2013, a booth was erected where fans could donate to build a fishery in Haiti, as a collaboration with YG Entertainment's "With" Campaign, which he previously worked with to help build a school in Nepal. At the same event, he and his fans from 14 countries around the world donated 9.9 tons of rice, which was sent to help malnourished children, elderly living on their own, and other people in need. He's reportedly donated ₩81.8 million (US$80,000) every year on his birthday. G-Dragon donated ₩50 million (US$43,400) in 2011 (when fans donated under his name) and in 2012 (privately by himself) to Seoul National University Hospital to help children with diseases get treatment. This was revealed accidentally in 2017 as his name was engraved on a plaque honoring those who had contributed ₩100 million or more.


title: G-Dragon

text: G-Dragon has used his image to raise awareness for multiple causes, including the UN Refugee Agency and the Red Campaign to fight AIDS. Additionally, in May 2017, a citrus tree forest was officially opened in the city of Seogwipo on Jeju Island, named after G-Dragon's real name, Kwon Ji-yong. The fruit harvested from the forest will be donated to charity events.


title: G-Dragon

text: G-Dragon has won seven Mnet Asian Music Awards, six Melon Music Awards, four Style Icon Awards, two Korean Music Awards, two Golden Disc Awards, two MBC Entertainment Awards, among several other awards. In 2013, at the Mnet Asian Music Awards, G-Dragon won the Daesang award for Artist of the Year, becoming the first, and only Korean soloist as of now, to win the award. In 2008, G-Dragon was honored with the award for Most Influential Men of the Year sponsored by "Arena" magazine, and in 2013, he was awarded the Style Icon of the Year award at the Style Icon Asia, being the first solo singer to win the award undivided. He was chosen by "GQ Korea" as their Man of the Year in 2015. Additionally, G-Dragon was honored at the 2016 Pop Culture & Arts Awards, held by the Korean Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, being recognized for his influence and success in music and fashion.


title: G-Dragon

text: Described as a "genius singer-songwriter" by "The Korea Times," G-Dragon's role in producing many of Big Bang's materials so early in their career was considered "unusual" at the time, as most K-pop bands are manufactured instead of self-produced. His involvement has shaped how new idol groups interact with their music, with "The Korea Times" acknowledging that his "unprecedented popularity" and recognition "has inspired many young idol-wannabes to become singer-songwriters." Artists that have cited his work as an influence include Zico, Be'O, Got7's BamBam, BTS's Jungkook, Astro's Rocky, Seventeen's S.Coups, Jaden Smith, Younha, One, Lee Seung-hwan, Kim Eana, DinDin, and Grimes, who states that K-pop, in particular G-Dragon, has influenced her musical style "more visually than anything else." "Mix Nine"s winner Woo Jin-young stated that G-Dragon's "This Love" inspired him to be a rapper.


title: G-Dragon

text: His music has gained appreciation from critics. The song "One of a Kind" is listed in Korean music critic Kim Bong-hyun's book of most influential Korean hip hop songs from 1989 to 2016, naming it one of the 28 tracks that shaped the genre. It was also the only song by a solo artist to be included in "The Dong-a Ilbo"s 2016 list of the best male idol songs in the past 20 years. Meanwhile, "Spin" named "Crayon" the best K-pop single of 2012, with David Bevan commenting that the track "almost felt too big for the occasion, too brash to have come from the leader of a boy band." In 2013, "Crooked" was voted as MTV Iggy's Song of the Year, with the website commenting that "G-Dragon made a big splash in the world of K-pop and beyond with his solo album "Coup d'Etat." 'Crooked' from that album was the endlessly playable sound of him breaking big." In 2008, G-Dragon became the youngest person to be listed on The 10 Greatest Korean Composers at the age of 20. The Korea Music Copyright Association currently lists over 180 songs under G-Dragon's name. In 2015, G-Dragon's annual earnings from song royalties was estimated to be over $700,000 a year. He was the highest paid touring singer-songwriter in Korea, earning the most from songwriting royalties in 2012. In 2018, he tied with YG Entertainment producer Teddy Park for the most earned royalties for lyrics writing and song composition within the field of popular music from the Korean Music Copyright Association. They both received Daesang awards for it, making G-Dragon the first, and only idol as of now, to receive this type of award.


title: G-Dragon

text: G-Dragon was highlighted as one of the "50 Reasons Why Seoul is the Best City" by "CNN" in 2011 and topped the list of the "Most Influential Entities of K-Pop" by "Ilgan Sports" in 2013. That same year, collaborator Diplo declared that G-Dragon is a "phenom, [he's] bigger than the K-pop scene." The rapper has made "Forbes Korea's" list of "Korea 2030 Power Leaders" for three consecutive years, most recently in 2014. In 2018, 35 executives from 35 companies in the South Korean music industry chose G-Dragon as the best soloist in Korea while "ABS-CBN" lists him as their favorite K-pop idol leader, citing his creativity, dedication, and hard-work. That same year, "The Guardian" ranked G-Dragon No. 11 on their list of "30 Best Boyband Members," becoming only one of two Korean artists to be listed. G-Dragon has been called the "King of K-Pop" by various media publications including "Rolling Stone", "Dazed" and "Vogue". His artistry, multi-hyphenate career, popularity and level of influence have drawn comparisons to American singer Michael Jackson by "Billboard", "Vogue", and "i-D", who hailed him as "the millennial Michael Jackson". Despite his success as a solo artist and leader of Big Bang, G-Dragon has admitted that he didn't realize how famous he was until he went on Big Bang's first world tour.


title: G-Dragon

text: G-Dragon enrolled at Kyung Hee University in 2008 to study post-modern music. He later dropped out due to his busy schedule, and instead majored in Leisure Sports Studies at Gukje Cyber University, obtaining a Bachelor's degree in 2013. G-Dragon graduated in 2016 with a Master's degree in content and retail distribution at Sejong University. Plans for a doctoral degree were delayed to accommodate his military enlistment. In 2018, "The Gazette Review" estimated that G-Dragon's net worth is US$40 million. According to "Cosmopolitan" Philippines, the rapper is one of the most-followed K-pop idols on Instagram with over 21.2 million followers as of July 2022.


title: G-Dragon

text: G-Dragon began mandatory military service on February 27, 2018. After his basic training at South Korea’s 3rd Infantry 'White Skeleton' Division in Cheorwon, Gangwon Province, he was assigned as a regular soldier. 3,000 VIP Big Bang fans awaited G-Dragon's return from his military service at the headquarters of South Korean Army's Ground Operations Command in Yongin, southeast of Seoul. G-Dragon was discharged on October 26, 2019.


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: Isabelle Anne Madeleine Huppert (; born 16 March 1953) is a French actress. Described as "one of the best actresses in the world", she is known for her portrayals of cold and disdainful characters devoid of morality. She is the recipient of several accolades, including two César Awards, five Lumières Awards, a BAFTA Award, three Cannes Film Festival honors, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award nomination; in 2020, "The New York Times" ranked her second on its list of the greatest actors of the 21st century.


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: Huppert's first César nomination was for the 1975 film "Aloïse". In 1978, she won the BAFTA Award for Most Promising Newcomer for "The Lacemaker". She went on to win two Best Actress awards at the Cannes Film Festival, for "Violette Nozière" (1978) and "The Piano Teacher" (2001), as well as two Volpi Cups for Best Actress at the Venice Film Festival, for "Story of Women" (1988) and "La Cérémonie". Her other films in France include "Loulou" (1980), "La Séparation" (1994), "8 Women" (2002), "Gabrielle" (2005), "Amour" (2012), "Things to Come" (2016), and "Happy End" (2017).


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: Huppert is among international film's most prolific actresses, having worked in Italy, Russia, Central Europe, and in Asia. Her English-language films include "Heaven's Gate" (1980), "The Bedroom Window" (1987), "I Heart Huckabees" (2004), "The Disappearance of Eleanor Rigby" (2013), "Louder Than Bombs" (2015), "Greta" (2018), "Frankie" (2019), and "Mrs. Harris Goes to Paris" (2022).


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: In 2016, Huppert garnered international acclaim for her performance in "Elle", which earned her a Golden Globe Award, an Independent Spirit Award and a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. She also won Best Actress awards from the National Society of Film Critics, New York Film Critics Circle and the Los Angeles Film Critics Association, for both "Elle" and "Things to Come".


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: Also a prolific stage actress, Huppert is the most nominated actress for the Molière Award, with eight nominations and an honorary award in 2017. In the same year she was awarded the Europe Theatre Prize.


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: She made her London stage debut in the title role of the play "Mary Stuart" in 1996, and her New York stage debut in a 2005 production of "4.48 Psychosis". She returned to the New York stage in 2009 to perform in Heiner Müller's "Quartett", and in 2014 to star in a Sydney Theatre Company production of "The Maids". In 2019, Huppert starred in Florian Zeller's "The Mother" at the Atlantic Theater Company in New York.


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: Huppert was born on 16 March 1953, in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, the daughter of Annick ("née" Beau; 1914–1990), an English language teacher, and Raymond Huppert (1914–2003), a safe manufacturer. The youngest child, she has a brother and three sisters, including filmmaker Caroline Huppert. She was raised in Ville-d'Avray. Her father was Jewish; his family was from Eperjes, Austria-Hungary (now Prešov) and Alsace-Lorraine. Huppert was raised in her mother's Catholic faith. On her mother's side, she is a great-granddaughter of one of the Callot Soeurs.


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: Huppert was encouraged by her mother to begin acting at a young age, and became a teenage star in Paris. She later attended , where she won a prize for her acting. She is also an alumna of the Conservatoire national supérieur d'art dramatique (CNSAD).


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: Huppert made her television debut in 1971 with "Le Prussien", and her film debut in 1972's "Faustine et le Bel Été". Her later appearance in the controversial "Les Valseuses" (1974) made her increasingly recognized by the public. Her international breakthrough came with "La Dentelliere" (1977), for which she won a BAFTA award for Most Promising Newcomer to Leading Film Roles. She made her American film debut in Michael Cimino's "Heaven's Gate" (1980), which opened to poor reviews and was a box office failure; decades later, the film has been reassessed, with some critics considering it an overlooked masterpiece. Throughout the 1980s, Huppert continued to explore enigmatic and emotionally distant characters, most notably in Maurice Pialat's "Loulou" (1980), Godard's "Sauve qui peut (la vie)" (1980), Diane Kurys' "Coup de foudre" (1983), and Claude Chabrol's "Une Affaire de Femmes" (1988).


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: In 1994, Huppert collaborated with American director Hal Hartley on "Amateur", one of her few English-language performances since "Heaven's Gate". She portrayed a manic and homicidal post-office worker in Claude Chabrol's "La Cérémonie" (1995), with Sandrine Bonnaire, and continued her cinematic relationship with Chabrol in "Rien ne va plus" (1997), and "Merci pour le Chocolat" (2000). She also appeared in Michael Haneke's "The Piano Teacher" (2001), which is based on a novel of the same name ("Die Klavierspielerin") by Austrian author and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2004, Elfriede Jelinek. In this film, she played a piano teacher named Erika Kohut, who becomes involved with a young pianist and ladies' man, Walter Klemmer. Regarded as one of her most impressive turns, her performance netted the 2001 Best Actress prize in Cannes.


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: In 2004, she starred in Christophe Honoré's "Ma Mère" as Hélène with Louis Garrel. Here, Huppert plays an attractive middle-aged mother who has an incestuous relationship with her teenage son. "Ma Mère" was based on a novel by Georges Bataille. 2004 also saw her star opposite Dustin Hoffman in David O. Russell's "I Heart Huckabees".


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: Huppert has worked in several countries since her debut. She worked in Italy (with directors Paolo and Vittorio Taviani, Mauro Bolognini, Marco Ferreri and Marco Bellocchio), in Russia (with Igor Minaiev), in Central Europe (with Werner Schroeter, Andrzej Wajda, Ursula Meier, Michael Haneke, Márta Mészáros and Aleksandar Petrović) and in Asia (with Hong Sang-soo, Brillante Mendoza and Rithy Panh).


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: Huppert is also an acclaimed stage actress, receiving seven Molière Award nominations, including for the titular role in a 2001 Paris production of "Medea", directed by Jacques Lassalle, and in 2005, at the Odéon-Théâtre de l'Europe in Paris, in the title role of Ibsen's "Hedda Gabler". Later that year, she toured the United States in a Royal Court Theatre production of Sarah Kane's theatrical piece "4.48 Psychosis". This production was directed by and performed in French. Huppert returned to the New York stage in 2009 to perform in Heiner Müller's "Quartett".


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: Huppert was the President of the Jury at the 62nd Cannes Film Festival, in May 2009. She had been s Member of the Jury and Master of Ceremony in previous years, as well as winning the Best Actress Award twice. As president, she and her jury awarded the Palme d'Or to "The White Ribbon" by the Austrian director Michael Haneke, who has directed her in "The Piano Teacher" and "Time of the Wolf".


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: In September 2010, the "Philippine Daily Inquirer" announced that she had been cast in the film "Captive" by Filipino director Brillante Mendoza. Huppert played one of the hostages of the Dos Palmas kidnappings.


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: In 2012, she starred in two films that competed for the Palme d'Or at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival: Michael Haneke's "Amour" and Hong Sang-soo's "In Another Country", with the former winning the top prize.


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: In 2013, she co-starred in Sydney Theatre Company's "The Maids" by Jean Genet, with Cate Blanchett and Elizabeth Debicki and directed by Benedict Andrews in a new English translation by Andrews and Andrew Upton. In August 2014, the production toured in New York as a part of the Lincoln Center Festival.


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: In 2016, she starred in two films that received widespread critical acclaim: Mia Hansen-Løve's "Things to Come", which premiered at the Berlinale, and Paul Verhoeven's "Elle", which premiered at Cannes. Among other awards and nominations, she won the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress, New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress and the Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress for both films. For her performance in "Elle", Huppert won several awards, including the Golden Globe Award, César Award for Best Actress, Gotham Independent Film Award for Best Actress, and the Independent Spirit Award. In addition, she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress.


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: In 2016, Huppert starred in Krzysztof Warlikowski's stage production of "Phèdre(s)", which toured Europe as well as BAM in New York.


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: In 2017, she was awarded the Europe Theatre Prize. On that occasion she performed with Jeremy Irons "Correspondence 1944-1959 Readings from the epistles between Albert Camus and Maria Casares," and a special creation of Harold Pinter's "Ashes to Ashes," at the Teatro Argentina in Rome.


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: Huppert has been in a relationship with writer, producer and director since 1982. They have three children, including the actress Lolita Chammah, with whom she acted in five films, including "Copacabana" (2010) and "Barrage" (2017).


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: Huppert is the owner of the repertory cinemas and Ecoles Cinema Club in Paris, which her son Lorenzo curates.


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: Huppert has been nominated 16 times, becoming the most nominated actress in the history of César Awards, winning Best Actress twice: in 1996 for her work in "La Cérémonie" (1995), and in 2017 for her role in "Elle" (2016).


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: She is one of only four women who have twice won Best Actress at the Cannes Film Festival: in 1978 for her role in "Violette Nozière" by Claude Chabrol (tied with Jill Clayburgh) and in 2001 for "The Piano Teacher" by Michael Haneke.


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: She is also one of only four women who have twice received the Volpi Cup for Best Actress at the Venice Film Festival: in 1988 for her part in "Une affaire de femmes" (tied with Shirley MacLaine), and in 1995 for "La Cérémonie" (tied with her partner in the movie, Sandrine Bonnaire). Both films were directed by Claude Chabrol. Additionally, she received a Special Lion in 2005 for her role in "Gabrielle".


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: Huppert was twice voted Best Actress at the European Film Awards: in 2001 for playing Erika Kohut in "The Piano Teacher", and in 2002 with the entire cast of "8 Women" (directed by François Ozon). The latter cast also won a Silver Bear for "Outstanding Artistic Contribution", at the 2002 Berlin International Film Festival.


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: Huppert won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama and received her first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her work in "Elle".


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: In 2008, she received the Stanislavsky Award for outstanding achievement in acting, and devotion to the principles of the Stanislavski's system.


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: She was made "Chevalier" (Knight) of the Ordre national du Mérite on 8 December 1994 and was promoted to "Officier" (Officer) in 2005.


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: She was made "Chevalier" (Knight) of the Légion d'honneur on 29 September 1999 and was promoted to "Officier" (Officer) in 2009.


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: She was selected for Honorary Golden Bear Lifetime Achievement Award at 72nd Berlin International Film Festival awarded on 15 February 2022 in festival award ceremony at Berlinale Palást.


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: Huppert holds the record for being the actress with the most films entered in the official competition of the Cannes Film Festival. As of 2022, she has had 22 films in the main competition and a total of 29 films screened at the festival. Huppert's frequent Cannes' appearances have led her to be dubbed "the queen of Cannes" by journalists.


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: David Thomson on Claude Chabrol's "Madame Bovary": "[Huppert] has to rate as one of the most accomplished actresses in the world today, even if she seems short of the passion or agony of her contemporary, Isabelle Adjani." Stuart Jeffries of "The Observer" on "The Piano Teacher": "This is surely one of the greatest performances of Huppert's already illustrious acting career, though it is one that is very hard to watch." Director, Michael Haneke: "[Huppert] has such professionalism, the way she is able to represent suffering. At one end you have the extreme of her suffering and then you have her icy intellectualism. No other actor can combine the two." Of her performance in 2007's "Hidden Love", Roger Ebert said "Isabelle Huppert makes one good film after another... she is fearless. Directors often depend on her gift for conveying depression, compulsion, egotism and despair. She can be funny and charming, but then so can a lot of actors. She is in complete command of a face that regards the void with blankness." In 2010, S.T. VanAirsdale described her as "arguably the world's greatest screen actress."


title: Isabelle Huppert

text: Huppert's work in "Elle" and "Things to Come" topped "The Playlist"'s ranking of "The 25 Best Performances Of 2016", stating: "She runs the emotional gamut from one film to the next, carnal, savage, shattered, listless, invulnerable but exposed, a woman on the verge of collapse who refuses to succumb to her instabilities. Huppert's career spans four decades and change, plus a heap of awards and accolades, but with "Elle" and "Things To Come", she could well be having her best year yet."


title: Scott Derrickson

text: Scott Derrickson (born July 16, 1966) is an American filmmaker. He is best known for directing the films "The Exorcism of Emily Rose" (2005), "The Day the Earth Stood Still" (2008), "Sinister" (2012), "Deliver Us from Evil" (2014), "Doctor Strange" (2016), and "The Black Phone" (2021).


title: Scott Derrickson

text: Derrickson grew up in Denver, Colorado. He graduated from Biola University with a B.A. in Humanities with an emphasis in philosophy and literature and a B.A. in communications with an emphasis in film and theology. He completed his graduate studies at USC School of Cinema-Television.


title: Scott Derrickson

text: Derrickson co-wrote and directed "The Exorcism of Emily Rose", which was loosely based on a true story about Anneliese Michel. The film won the 2005 Saturn Award for Best Horror or Thriller Film and in 2006 was named in the Chicago Film Critics Association's list of the "Top 100 Scariest Films Ever Made." Theatrical box office gross for "The Exorcism of Emily Rose" was over $144 million worldwide. That same year, Derrickson wrote "Land of Plenty" for director Wim Wenders, an independent drama starring Michelle Williams.


title: Scott Derrickson

text: Derrickson next directed a remake of "The Day the Earth Stood Still", starring Keanu Reeves and Jennifer Connelly, written by David Scarpa. The film was released in late 2008 and earned over $233 million worldwide.


title: Scott Derrickson

text: In August 2011, Derrickson teamed up with producer Jason Blum to write and direct "Sinister", a mystery-horror film starring Ethan Hawke. The $3 million picture was released in theaters by Summit Entertainment on October 12, 2012, and received generally positive critical reviews. "Sinister" earned over $48 million at the U.S. box office and over $78 million worldwide. Derrickson co-wrote but did not direct the second film of "Sinister" series.


title: Scott Derrickson

text: "Deliver Us from Evil" is a 2014 American supernatural horror film directed by Derrickson and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer. The film is officially based on a 2001 non-fiction book entitled "Beware the Night" by former police Sergeant Ralph Sarchie and Lisa Collier Cool, and its marketing campaign highlighted that it was "inspired by actual accounts". The film was released on July 2, 2014, and grossed $87.9 million against a $30 million budget.


title: Scott Derrickson

text: Derrickson next directed the film "Doctor Strange", based on the Marvel Comics property and part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe. It was released in November 2016. The film was a commercial and critical success.


title: Scott Derrickson

text: In December 2018, it was announced that Derrickson would direct the "Doctor Strange" sequel entitled "Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness" which was planned for a May 2021 release. In January 2020, Derrickson announced that he had stepped away from directing duties as a result of unspecified creative differences, after which Sam Raimi took over. Derrickson remained involved with the film as an executive producer.


title: Scott Derrickson

text: In March 2020, it was announced that Derrickson had been hired to write and direct Skydance Media's Bermuda Triangle action-adventure, "Bermuda", starring Chris Evans.


title: Scott Derrickson

text: In May 2020, Derrickson was announced as the director of a sequel to Jim Henson's 1986 film "Labyrinth". Maggie Levin will join him in writing the script for the movie. More recently, it was announced that Derrickson signed a first look deal with Blumhouse Television.


title: Scott Derrickson

text: In 2021, Derrickson directed the adaptation of Joe Hill's short story "The Black Phone", from a script by Derrickson and C. Robert Cargill. Produced by Blumhouse and Universal Pictures, "The Black Phone" re-teamed Derrickson with Ethan Hawke and James Ransone, and was theatrically released to positive reviews on June 24, 2022.


title: Scott Derrickson

text: In March 2022, Derrickson was set to direct "The Gorge" for Skydance. Apple TV+ acquried the right of the film.


title: Jackky Bhagnani

text: Bhagnani was born in Kolkata, West Bengal in India to a Sindhi family. After schooling, he got a degree in commerce from H.R. College of Commerce and Economics, Mumbai. He has also done an acting course from Lee Strasberg Theatre and the Film Institute in New York.


title: Jackky Bhagnani

text: Jackky's debut film was "Kal Kissne Dekha", which came out in 2009. The movie received mostly negative reviews and was unsuccessful at the box office. Taran Adarsh, writing for Bollywood Hungama, noted that "The film lacks the fun that one normally associates with a campus fare. Even the climax leaves a lot to be desired."


title: Jackky Bhagnani

text: In April 2011, he starred in "F.A.L.T.U". The film received mixed reviews and did moderately well at the box office. In May 2015, Jackky revealed that a sequel to the movie has been planned.


title: Jackky Bhagnani

text: "Rangrezz", directed by Priyadarshan, was released in 2014. It garnered excellent reviews and featured Jackky Bhagnani dancing to Psy's "Gangnam Style". The rights to the song were bought by Jackky's father Vashu Bhagnani, also the producer of the film, for an undisclosed sum. Despite this, the film failed to leave a mark at the box office.


title: Jackky Bhagnani

text: Jackky's next film was "Youngistaan", a love story set against the backdrop of Indian politics. Released in 2014, the movie was panned by critics and was a commercial failure.


title: Jackky Bhagnani

text: The movie later became the subject of much controversy when it was revealed that it was India's independent entry to the Oscars. Twitter was abuzz with jokes on Jackky Bhagnani, with users expressing surprise and dismay over the movie's selection.


title: Jackky Bhagnani

text: In 2015, Jackky starred as Kedar Patel in the comedy film "Welcome to Karachi", which was released on 28 May 2015. In 2016, he turned to film producing with Sarbjit along with his sister Deepshikha Deshmukh. Sarbjit was a commercially successful movie. In 2017, he produced and acted in a short film 'Carbon' released on YouTube. In 2018, he produced Dil Juunglee and Welcome to New York. He made his Tamil film debut opposite Trisha in the horror film "Mohini". Jackky will next be seen in the movie "Anandwaa" which will be directed by Abir Sengupta.


title: Empress Dowager Cixi

text: Empress Dowager Cixi ( ; ; formerly romanised as Empress Dowager T'zu-hsi; 29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908), of the Manchu Yehe Nara clan, was a Chinese noblewoman, concubine and later regent who effectively controlled the Chinese government in the late Qing dynasty for 47 years, from 1861 until her death in 1908. Selected as a concubine of the Xianfeng Emperor in her adolescence, she gave birth to a son, Zaichun, in 1856. After the Xianfeng Emperor's death in 1861, the young boy became the Tongzhi Emperor, and she assumed the role of co-empress dowager, alongside the Emperor's widow, Empress Dowager Ci'an. Cixi ousted a group of regents appointed by the late emperor and assumed the regency along with Ci'an, who later mysteriously died. Cixi then consolidated control over the dynasty when she installed her nephew as the Guangxu Emperor at the death of her son, the Tongzhi Emperor, in 1875. This was contrary to the traditional rules of succession of the Qing dynasty that had ruled China since 1644.


title: Empress Dowager Cixi

text: Cixi supervised the Tongzhi Restoration, a series of moderate reforms that helped the regime survive until 1911. Although Cixi refused to adopt Western models of government, she supported technological and military reforms and the Self-Strengthening Movement. She supported the principles of the Hundred Days' Reforms of 1898, but feared that sudden implementation, without bureaucratic support, would be disruptive and that the Japanese and other foreign powers would take advantage of any weakness. She placed the Guangxu Emperor, who, she thought, had tried to assassinate her, under virtual house arrest for supporting radical reformers, publicly executing the main reformers. After the Boxer Rebellion led to invasion by Allied armies, Cixi initially backed the Boxer groups and declared war on the invaders. The ensuing defeat was a stunning humiliation. When Cixi returned to Beijing from Xi'an, where she had taken the emperor, she became friendly to foreigners in the capital and began to implement fiscal and institutional reforms aimed to turn China into a constitutional monarchy. The deaths of both Cixi and the Guangxu Emperor in November 1908 left the court in the hands of Manchu conservatives, a child, Puyi, on the throne, and a restless, deeply divided society.


title: Empress Dowager Cixi

text: Historians both in China and abroad have debated her legacy. Conventionally denounced as a ruthless despot whose reactionary policies – although successfully self-serving in prolonging the ailing Qing dynasty – led to its humiliation and utter downfall in the Wuchang Uprising. Revisionists suggested that Nationalist and Communist revolutionaries scapegoated her for deep-rooted problems beyond salvage, and lauded her maintenance of political order. She was responsible for numerous effective, if belated reforms – including the abolition of slavery, ancient torturous punishments and the ancient examination system in her ailing years. The latter was supplanted by institutions including the new Peking University.


title: Empress Dowager Cixi

text: The future Empress Dowager Cixi was born on the tenth day of the tenth lunar month in the 15th year of the rulership of the Daoguang Emperor (29 November 1835). Her father was Huizheng (), a member of the Bordered Blue Banner who held the title of a third class duke (). Palace archives show that Huizheng was working in Beijing during the year of Lady Yehe Nara's birth, an indication that she was born in Beijing. The file records the location of her childhood home: Pichai Hutong, Xisipailou, Beijing (). She had a sister named Wanzhen and a brother named Guixiang.


title: Empress Dowager Cixi

text: In 1851, Cixi participated in the selection for wives to the Xianfeng Emperor alongside 60 other candidates. Cixi was one of the few candidates chosen to stay. Among the other chosen candidates were Noble Lady Li of the Tatara clan (later Consort Li) and Concubine Zhen of the Niohuru clan (later the Xianfeng Emperor's empress consort). On 26 June 1852, she left her widowed mother's residence at Xilahutong and entered the Forbidden City and was placed in the sixth rank of consorts, styled "Noble Lady Lan".


title: Empress Dowager Cixi

text: On 28 February 1854, Cixi was elevated to the fifth rank of consorts and granted the title "Concubine Yi". In 1855, Cixi became pregnant, and on 27 April 1856, she gave birth to Zaichun, the Xianfeng Emperor's first and only surviving son. On the same day, she was elevated to the fourth rank of consorts as "Consort Yi". In 1857, when her son reached his first birthday, Cixi was elevated to the third rank of consorts as "Noble Consort Yi". This rank placed her second only to the Empress Niohuru among the women within the Xianfeng Emperor's harem.


title: Empress Dowager Cixi

text: Unlike many of the other Manchu women in the imperial household, Cixi was known for her ability to read and write Chinese. This skill granted her numerous opportunities to help the ailing emperor in the governing of the Chinese state on a daily basis. On various occasions, the Xianfeng Emperor had Cixi read palace memorials for him and leave instructions on the memorials according to his will. As a result, Cixi became well-informed about state affairs and the art of governing from the ailing emperor.


title: Empress Dowager Cixi

text: In September 1860, during the closing stages of the Second Opium War, the British diplomatic envoy Harry Parkes was arrested along with other hostages, who were tortured and executed. In retaliation, British and French troops under the command of Lord Elgin attacked Beijing, and by the following month they had burned the Old Summer Palace to the ground. The Xianfeng Emperor and his entourage, including Cixi, fled Beijing to Rehe Province (around present-day Chengde, Hebei). On hearing the news of the destruction of the Old Summer Palace, the Xianfeng Emperor, who was already showing signs of dementia, fell into a depression. He turned heavily to alcohol and drugs and became seriously ill. He summoned eight of his most prestigious ministers, headed by Sushun, Zaiyuan and Duanhua, and named them the "Eight Regent Ministers" to direct and support the future emperor. The Xianfeng Emperor died on 22 August 1861 at the Chengde Mountain Resort in Rehe Province.


title: Empress Dowager Cixi

text: The Xianfeng Emperor's heir, the son of Noble Consort Yi (Empress Dowager Cixi), was only five years old. It is commonly assumed that on his deathbed, the Xianfeng Emperor summoned his Empress and Noble Consort Yi and gave each of them a stamp. He hoped that when his son ascended the throne, the Empress and Noble Consort Yi would cooperate in harmony and help the young emperor to grow and mature together. This may also have been done as a check on the power of the eight regents. There is no evidence for this incident, however, and it is unlikely that the emperor ever would have intended Noble Consort Yi to wield political power. It is possible that the seal, allegedly given as a symbol for the child, was really just a present for Noble Consort Yi herself. Informal seals numbered in the thousands and were not considered political accoutrements, rather objects of art commissioned for pleasure by emperors to stamp on items such as paintings, or given as presents to the concubines. Upon the death of the Xianfeng Emperor, his Empress was elevated to the status of empress dowager. Although her official title was "Empress Dowager Ci'an", she was popularly known as the "East Empress Dowager" because she lived in the eastern Zhongcui Palace. Noble Consort Yi was also elevated to "Empress Dowager Cixi". She was popularly known as the "West Empress Dowager" (西太后) because she lived inside the western Chuxiu Palace.