title: Portland, Maine

text: The construction of The Maine Mall, an indoor shopping center established in the suburb of South Portland, during the 1970s, economically depressed downtown Portland. The trend reversed when tourists and new businesses started revitalizing the old seaport, a part of which is known locally as the Old Port. Since the 1990s, the historically industrial Bayside neighborhood has seen rapid development, including attracting a Whole Foods and Trader Joe's supermarkets, as well as Baxter Academy for Technology and Science, an increasingly popular charter school. Other rapidly developing neighborhoods include the India Street neighborhood near the Ocean Gateway and Munjoy Hill, where many modern condos have been built. The Maine College of Art has been a revitalizing force downtown, attracting students from around the country. The historic Porteous building on Congress Street was restored by the college. Portland is known as a walkable city, offering many opportunities for walking tours that feature its maritime and architectural history.


title: Portland, Maine

text: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. Portland is situated on a peninsula in Casco Bay on the Gulf of Maine and the Atlantic Ocean.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Portland borders South Portland, Westbrook and Falmouth. The city is located at 43.66713 N, 70.20717 W.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Portland has a humid continental climate (Köppen: "Dfb", closely bordering on "Dfa"), with cold, snowy, and often prolonged winters, and warm, relatively short summers. The monthly average high temperature ranges from roughly in January to around in July. Daily high temperatures reach or exceed on only four days per year on average, while cold-season lows of or below are reached on 10 nights per year on average. The area can be affected by severe nor'easters during winter, with high winds and snowfall totals often measuring over a foot. Annual liquid precipitation (rain) averages and is plentiful year-round, but with a slightly drier summer. Annual frozen precipitation (snow) averages in the city. However, neighborhoods away from the immediate coast average slightly more, as the warmer ocean waters and onshore flow can cause snow to transition to sleet or rain along the coast. In Southern Maine, winter-season snowstorms can be intense from November through early April, while warm-season thunderstorms are somewhat less frequent than in the Midwestern, Mid-Atlantic, and Southeastern U.S. Direct strikes by hurricanes or tropical storms are rare, partially due to the normally cooler Atlantic waters off the Maine coast (which usually weaken tropical systems), but primarily because most tropical systems approaching or reaching 40 degrees North latitude recurve (due to the Coriolis force) and track east out to sea well south of the Portland area. Extreme temperatures range from on February 16, 1943, to on July 4, 1911, and August 2, 1975. The hardiness zones are 5b and 6a.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Portland is becoming increasingly affected by global warming and the rise of sea levels. The coast is one of the fastest-warming saltwater bodies and is predicted to see an increase to about 10-17 inches by 2030, in comparison to the levels in 2000. This is a major threat to the residents and ocean life around the area. In 2022, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration issued a report that showed sea level in Portland could rise by six inches by 2050, two feet by 2060 and two to six feet by 2100.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Portland is organized into neighborhoods generally recognized by residents, but they have no legal or political authority. In many cases, city signs identify neighborhoods or intersections (which are often called corners). Most city neighborhoods have a local association which usually maintains ongoing relations of varying degrees with the city government on issues affecting the neighborhood.


title: Portland, Maine

text: On March 8, 1899, Portland annexed the neighboring city of Deering. Deering neighborhoods now comprise the northern and eastern sections of the city before the merger. Portland's Deering High School was formerly the public high school for Deering.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Portland's neighborhoods include the Arts District; Bayside; Bradley's Corner; Cliff Island; Cushing's Island; Deering Center; Deering Highlands; Downtown; East Deering; East Bayside; East End; Eastern Cemetery; Great Diamond Island; Highlands; Kennedy Park; Libbytown; Little Diamond Island; Lunt's Corner; Morrill's Corner; Munjoy Hill; Nason's Corner; North Deering; Oakdale; the Old Port; Parkside; Peaks Island; Riverton Park; Rosemont; Stroudwater; West End; and Woodford's Corner.


title: Portland, Maine

text: From the early 2000s onward, many of Portland's neighborhoods have faced gentrification, causing many local residents to be "priced out" of their neighborhoods. In 2015, the "Portland Press Herald" published a series of articles documenting the "super-tight apartment market" and the trauma caused by evictions and steep jumps in monthly rent. Also in that year, city landlords raised rents by an average of 17.4%, which was the second-largest jump in the country.


title: Portland, Maine

text: As of the census of 2010, there were 66,194 people, 30,725 households, and 13,324 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 33,836 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 85.0% White (83.6% non-Hispanic White alone), down from 96.6% in 1990, 7.1% African American, 0.5% Native American, 3.5% Asian, 1.2% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.0% of the population. 40.7% of the population had a bachelor's degree or higher.


title: Portland, Maine

text: There were 30,725 households, of which 20.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29.7% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 56.6% were non-families. 40.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.07 and the average family size was 2.88.


title: Portland, Maine

text: The median age in the city was 36.7 years. 17.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 33.1% were from 25 to 44; 25.9% were from 45 to 64; and 12.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.8% male and 51.2% female.


title: Portland, Maine

text: As of the census of 2000, there were 64,250 people, 29,714 households, and 13,549 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,029.2 people per square mile (1,169.6/km). There were 31,862 housing units at an average density of 1,502.2 per square mile (580.0/km).


title: Portland, Maine

text: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Portland's immediate metropolitan area ranked 147th in the nation in 2000 with a population of 243,537, while the Portland/South Portland/Biddeford metropolitan area included 487,568 total inhabitants. This has increased to an estimated 513,102 inhabitants (and the largest metro area in Northern New England) . Much of this increase in population has been due to growth in the city's southern and western suburbs.


title: Portland, Maine

text: The racial makeup of the city was 91.27% White, 2.59% African American, 0.47% Native American, 3.08% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.67% from other races, and 1.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.52% of the population.


title: Portland, Maine

text: The largest ancestries include: British (including Scottish, Welsh, and English) (21.2%), Irish (19.2%), French (10.8%), Italian (10.5%), and German (6.9%).


title: Portland, Maine

text: There were 29,714 households, out of which 21.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.1% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 54.4% were non-families. 40.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.08 and the average family size was 2.89.


title: Portland, Maine

text: In the city, the population was spread out, with 18.8% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 36.1% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.0 males.


title: Portland, Maine

text: The median income for a household in the city was $35,650, and the median income for a family was $48,763. Males had a median income of $31,828 versus $27,173 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,698. About 9.7% of families and 14.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.5% of those under age 18 and 11.9% of those age 65 or over.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Portland has become Maine's economic capital because the city has Maine's largest port, largest population, and is close to Boston (105 miles to the southwest). Over the years, the local economy has shifted from fishing, manufacturing, and agriculture towards a more service-based economy. Most national bank institutions and other related financial organizations such as Bank of America and Key Bank base their Maine operations in Portland. Unum, Covetrus, TruChoice Federal Credit Union, People's United Bank, ImmuCell Corp, and Pioneer Telephone have headquarters here, and Portland's neighboring cities of South Portland, Westbrook and Scarborough, provide homes for other corporations including IDEXX and WEX Inc. Between 1867 and 2021, Burnham & Morrill Co., maker of B&M Baked Beans, had its main plant in Portland.


title: Portland, Maine

text: The city's port is also undergoing a revival, and the first-ever container train departed from the new International Marine Terminal with fifteen containers of locally produced bottled tap water in early 2016.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Americold, a US-based international provider of temperature-controlled storage and distribution, won a bid to develop a state-of-the-art temperature-controlled storage facility adjacent to the port. The facility will support perishable produce, meats, and seafood imports with direct exports but construction has not yet begun.


title: Portland, Maine

text: In January 2020 Portland was announced to be the location of a new research institute that will focus on the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning. Northeastern University was selected by technology entrepreneur David Roux to lead the institute that will include programs that will allow graduate student research.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Portland also has a large subsidized housing industry with more than five large real estate companies entirely in the business.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Portland has a long history of prominence in the arts, peaking the first time in the early nineteenth century, when the city was "a rival, and not a satellite of either Boston or New York". In that period, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow got his start as a poet and John Neal held a central position in leading American literature toward its great renaissance, having founded Maine's first literary periodical, "The Yankee", in 1828. Other notable literary or artistic figures who got their start or were at their prime in that period include Grenville Mellen, Nathaniel Parker Willis, Seba Smith, Elizabeth Oakes Smith, Benjamin Paul Akers, Charles Codman, Franklin Simmons, John Rollin Tilton, and Harrison Bird Brown. Since 2000, Portland has hosted a monthly art walk event that attracts more than 3,000 visitors.


title: Portland, Maine

text: The Arts District, centered on Congress Street, is home to the Portland Museum of Art, Portland Stage Company, Maine Historical Society & Museum, Portland Public Library, Maine College of Art, SPACE Gallery, Children's Museum of Maine, Merrill Auditorium, the Kotzschmar Memorial Organ, and Portland Symphony Orchestra, as well as many smaller art galleries and studios.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Baxter Boulevard around Back Cove, Deering Oaks Park, the Eastern Promenade, Western Promenade, Lincoln Park and Riverton Park are all historical parks within the city. Other parks and natural spaces include Payson Park, Post Office Park, Baxter Woods, Evergreen Cemetery, Western Cemetery and the Fore River Sanctuary.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Thompson's Point, in the Libbytown neighborhood, has been a focus of renovation and redevelopment during the 2010s. The location hosts a concert venue, ice rink, hotels, restaurants, wineries, and breweries.


title: Portland, Maine

text: The spire of the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception has been a notable feature of the Portland skyline since its completion in 1854. In 1859, Ammi B. Young designed the Marine Hospital, the first of three local works by Supervising Architects of the U.S. Treasury Department. Although the city lost to redevelopment its 1867 Greek Revival post office, which was designed by Alfred B. Mullett of white Vermont marble and featured a Corinthian portico, Portland retains his equally monumental 1872 granite Second Empire–Renaissance Revival custom house.


title: Portland, Maine

text: A more recent building of note is Franklin Towers, a 16-story residential tower completed in 1969. At 175 feet (53 meters), it is Portland's (as well as Maine's) tallest building. It is next to the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception on the city skyline. During the building boom of the 1980s, several new buildings rose on the peninsula, including the 1983 Charles Shipman Payson Building by Henry N. Cobb of Pei, Cobb, Freed & Partners at the Portland Museum of Art complex (a component of which is the 1801 McLellan-Sweat Mansion), and the Back Bay Tower, a fifteen-story residential building completed in 1990.


title: Portland, Maine

text: 477 Congress Street (known locally as the Time and Temperature Building) is situated near Monument Square in the Arts District and is a major landmark: the 14-story building features a large electronic sign on its roof that flashes time and temperature data, as well as parking ban information in the winter. The sign can be seen from nearly all of downtown Portland. The building is home to several radio stations. The Press Herald Building at 390 Congress Street is strategically located across Congress Street from Portland City Hall and was built in 1923 and then expanded in 1948 for use as the newspaper's headquarters.


title: Portland, Maine

text: The Westin Portland Harborview, completed in 1927, is a prominent hotel located downtown on High Street. Photographer Todd Webb lived in Portland during his later years and took many pictures of the city. Some of Webb's pictures can be found at the Evans Gallery.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Portland is home to a concentration of publishing and broadcast companies, advertising agencies, web designers, commercial photography studios, and film makers.


title: Portland, Maine

text: The city is home to one daily newspaper, "The Portland Press Herald/Maine Sunday Telegram", founded in 1862. "The Press Herald" is published Monday through Saturday and "The Maine Sunday Telegram" is published on Sundays. Both are published by MaineToday Media Inc., which also operates an entertainment website, "MaineToday.com" and owns papers in Augusta, Waterville, and Bath.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Portland is also covered by an alternative weekly newspaper, "The Portland Phoenix", published by the Phoenix Media/Communications Group, which also produces a New England-wide news, arts, and entertainment website, "thephoenix.com", and a twice-annual LGBT issues magazine, "Out in Maine".


title: Portland, Maine

text: Other publications include "The Portland Forecaster", a weekly newspaper; "Mainer", a monthly alternative magazine formerly known as "The Bollard"; "The West End News", "The Munjoy Hill Observer", "The Baysider", "The Waterfront", "Portland Magazine", and "The Companion", an LGBT publication. Portland is also the home office of "The Exception Magazine", an online newspaper that covers Maine.


title: Portland, Maine

text: The Portland broadcast media market is the largest one in Maine in both radio and television. Radio stations located in Portland include WFNK (Classic Hits), WJJB (Sports), WTHT (Country), WBQW (Classical), WHXR (Rock), WHOM (Adult Contemporary), WJBQ (Top 40), WCLZ (Adult Album Alternative), WBLM (Classic Rock), WYNZ (1960s–1970s Hits), and WCYY (Modern Rock). WMPG is a local non-commercial radio station run by community members and the University of Southern Maine. The Maine Public Broadcasting Network's (MPBN) radio news operations are based in Portland.


title: Portland, Maine

text: The area is served by local television stations representing most of the television networks. These stations include WCSH 6 (NBC), WMTW 8 (ABC), WGME 13 (CBS), WPFO 23 (Fox), WIPL 35 (ION), and WPXT 51 (The CW; MyNetworkTV on DT3). There is no PBS affiliate licensed to the city of Portland, but the market is served by MPBN outlets WCBB Channel 10 in Augusta and WMEA-TV Channel 26 Biddeford.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Historical newspapers formerly published in Portland are many and include "Eastern Argus, Evening Express," "The Pleasure Boat" and "The Portland Daily Sun."


title: Portland, Maine

text: Downtown Portland, including the Arts District and the Old Port, has a high concentration of eating and drinking establishments, with many more to be found throughout the rest of the peninsula, outlying neighborhoods, and neighboring communities. The city is also home to numerous food trucks and food carts, which park on the city streets and at festivals, events and breweries. Most operate in the summer; a few operate year-round.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Portland has developed a national reputation for the quality of its restaurants, eateries, and food culture. The city has been visited by many food shows, including Rachael Ray's Food Network show "$40 a Day", the Travel Channel's "Man v. Food", and "". Bon Appetit named Portland the Restaurant City of the Year in 2018.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Portland is home to numerous juice bars, coffee shops, coffee roasteries, tea houses, distilleries, microbreweries and brewpubs.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Brewers include the D. L. Geary Brewing Company, Gritty McDuff's Brewing Company, Shipyard Brewing Company, Casco Bay Brewing Co., and Allagash Brewing Company. Portland's spirits industry has also grown in recent years.


title: Portland, Maine

text: The city is known for its pure tap water. The water comes from Sebago Lake. It is piped to Portland by the Portland Water District. Sebago Lake is one of 50 surface water supplies among 13,000 in the country that the Environmental Protection Agency says do not need filtration.


title: Portland, Maine

text: The Portland Farmers Market takes place Wednesdays in Monument Square, Saturdays in Deering Oaks Park (from early May to the end of November), and Saturdays at The Maine Girls Academy (from early December to the end of April).


title: Portland, Maine

text: The city has the state's most vegan and vegetarian restaurants, including the Green Elephant Vegetarian Bistro, which opened in 2007, Nura and Copper Branch. Vegetarian-friendly restaurants number more than 200 in 2020, according to the "Maine Sunday Telegram". Celebrity chef Toni Fiore first filmed the PBS cooking show "Totally Vegetarian" in 2002 at the cable access station in Portland. The "Portland Press Herald" has featured a vegan column by Avery Yale Kamila in its Food & Dining section since 2009. In 2011, the Portland Public Schools added a daily vegetarian cold lunch to its school menu choices. In 2019, the district changed to a daily hot vegan school meal option.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Since 1768, the Portland Farmers Market has been in operation. It was first established in the Town Hall that "served 136 families on the peninsula."


title: Portland, Maine

text: Portland is where national Prohibition started. Portland mayor and temperance leader Neal Dow led Maine to ban alcohol sales in 1851. The law led to the Portland Rum Riot in 1855.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Canned corn was developed in Portland by the N. Winslow company. By 1852 the Winslow's Patent Hermetically Sealed Green Corn was a commercial success and the company became a world leader in the canning industry. An historic B&M Brick Oven Baked Beans canning plant built in 1913 operated on the waterfront until 2021 when it closed and production moved to the midwest. By late 2022, B&M customers were reporting that the baked beans were undercooked, crunchy, and tasted different. Customers speculated that the beans were no longer being baked. Some customers were hoarding B&M bean cans produced at the Portland plant.


title: Portland, Maine

text: In 1845, "The Pleasure Boat" was the earliest vegetarian publication in Maine. In the 1970s and 1980s, The Hollow Reed was a notable vegetarian restaurant on Fore Street.


title: Portland, Maine

text: In the early 20th century, a Little Italy neighborhood developed around India Street. The city's Amato's Italian delicatessen on India Street is reported to be the birthplace of the Italian sandwich, called "an Italian" by locals, which Amato's first served in 1902. The Village Restaurant, an Italian restaurant in the city's East End, was in operation for 71 years, from 1936 to 2007. In 1949, Miccuci's Grocery Co. opened on India Street and remains in business.


title: Portland, Maine

text: In 2015, Marcy's Diner made international headlines following a spat between the then-cook-owner and a patron over the latter's screaming child.


title: Portland, Maine

text: The city is home to three minor league teams. The Portland Sea Dogs, the Double-A farm team of the Boston Red Sox, play at Hadlock Field. The Maine Celtics, the NBA G League affiliate of the Boston Celtics, play at the Portland Exposition Building. The GPS Portland Phoenix soccer teams plays in USL League Two.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Previously, Portland was home of several minor league ice hockey teams: the Maine Nordiques (NAHL) from 1973 to 1977, the Maine Mariners (AHL) from 1977 to 1992, and the Portland Pirates (AHL) from 1993 to 2016. The Mariners were three-time Calder Cup winners. In 2018, another Maine Mariners, an ECHL team, returned a minor league hockey team to Portland.


title: Portland, Maine

text: The Maine Mammoths of the National Arena League played in 2018 and were the first indoor football team to call Portland home. The team suspended operations after one season while it negotiated with local ownership groups.


title: Portland, Maine

text: The Portland Sports Complex, located off of Park and Brighton Avenues near I-295 and Deering Oaks park, houses several of the city's stadiums and arenas, including:


title: Portland, Maine

text: The Portland area has eleven professional golf courses, 124 tennis courts, and 95 playgrounds. There are also over of nature trails.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Bayside Bowl was expanded in 2017 to 20 lanes, including a rooftop deck. It hosted the 2017 PBA League and Elias Cup.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Memorial Stadium is the home of the Deering High School sports teams and is located behind the school.


title: Portland, Maine

text: The city of Portland includes more than 700 acres of open space and public parks. The city and surrounding communities are linked by 70 miles of trails, both urban and wooded, maintained by the nonprofit Portland Trails. The city requires organic land care techniques be used on both public and private property. In 2018, the Portland City Council banned the use of synthetic pesticides.


title: Portland, Maine

text: The city has adopted a council-manager style government that is detailed in the city charter. The citizens of Portland are represented by a nine-member city council which makes policy, passes ordinances, approves appropriations, appoints the city manager and oversees the municipal government. The city council of nine members is elected by the citizens of Portland. The city has five voting districts, with each district electing a city councilor to represent their neighborhood interests for a three-year term. There are also four members of the city council who are elected at-large. The four at-large members are elected through Proportional ranked-choice voting.


title: Portland, Maine

text: From 1923 until 2011, city councilors chose one of themselves each year to serve as Mayor of Portland, a primarily ceremonial position. On November 2, 2010, Portland voters narrowly approved a measure that allowed them to elect the mayor. On November 8, 2011, former State Senator and candidate for U.S. Congress Michael F. Brennan was elected as mayor. On December 5, 2011, he was sworn in as the first citizen-elected mayor in 88 years (see Portland, Maine mayoral election, 2011). The office of mayor is a four-year position that earns a salary of 150% of the city's median income. The current mayor is Kate Snyder, who defeated incumbent mayor Ethan Strimling in the 2019 Portland, Maine mayoral election.


title: Portland, Maine

text: A city manager is appointed by the city council. The city manager oversees the daily operations of the city government, appoints the heads of city departments, and prepares annual budgets. The city manager directs all city agencies and departments, and is responsible for the executing laws and policies passed by the city council. The current city manager is Jon Jennings.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Aside from the main city council, there is also an elected school board for the Portland Public School system. The school board is made up in the same manner of the city council, with five district members, four at-large members and one chairman. There are also three students from the local high schools elected to serve on the board. There are many other boards and committees such as the Planning Committee, Board of Appeals, and Harbor Commission, etc. These committees and boards have limited power in their respective areas of expertise. Members of boards and committees are appointed by city council members.


title: Portland, Maine

text: On November 5, 2013, Portland voters overwhelmingly approved an ordinance to legalize the possession and private use of cannabis for adults, making the city the first municipality in the Eastern United States to do so.


title: Portland, Maine

text: James E. Craig was chief of the Portland Police Department from 2009 to 2011. He would later go on to become the chief of the Cincinnati Police Department and Detroit Police Department.


title: Portland, Maine

text: In the U.S. House of Representatives, Portland is included in Maine's 1st congressional district and is currently represented by Democrat Chellie M. Pingree.


title: Portland, Maine

text: College expansions underway in 2022 at the University of Southern Maine to add a 580-bed dorm, at the University of New England to move the medical school from Biddeford into a new $93 million building on the Portland campus, and at the Northeastern University Roux Institute to build a campus on the site of the former B&M Bean plant have the potential, within two decades, to bring the total college and university students in the city to 15,000, which would be similar to the percentage of students in Boston.


title: Portland, Maine

text: The Portland Fire Department (PFD) provides fire protection and emergency medical services to the city of Portland 24/7, 365. Established on March 29, 1768, the PFD is made up of over 230 paid, professional firefighters and operates out of seven Fire Stations, located throughout the city, in addition to Fire Stations staffed by "on-call" firefighters on Peaks Island; Great Diamond Island; Cushing Island; and Cliff Island. The Portland Fire Department also operates an Airport Division Station at 1001 Westbrook St., at the Portland International Jetport, and a Marine Division Station, located at 54 Commercial St.


title: Portland, Maine

text: The Portland Police Department is the largest municipal police department in the state of Maine. In 2022, WalletHub listed Portland as the fourth safest city in America.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Mercy Hospital, a faith-based institution, is the fourth largest in the state. It completed the first phase of its new campus along the Fore River in 2008.


title: Portland, Maine

text: The formerly-independent Brighton Medical Center (once known as the Osteopathic Hospital) is now owned by Maine Medical Center and is operated as a minor care center under the names Brighton First Care and New England Rehab. In 2010, Maine Medical Center's Hannaford Center for Safety, Innovation, and Simulation opened at the Brighton campus. The former Portland General Hospital is now home to the Barron Center nursing facility.


title: Portland, Maine

text: One wastewater management project is named the Bedford Street Sewer Separation, with its goal to "improve the water quality and health of Back Cove by reducing the amount of combined sewer overflows (CSO) that over flow during heavy rain events through the use of sewer separation and water treatment devices."


title: Portland, Maine

text: Portland is accessible from I-95 (the Maine Turnpike), I-295, and US 1. U.S. Route 302, a major travel route and scenic highway between Maine and Vermont, has its eastern terminus in Portland. State Routes include SR 9, SR 22, SR 25, SR 26, SR 77, and SR 100. SR 25 Business goes through southwestern Portland.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Amtrak's "Downeaster" service offers five daily trains connecting the city's station with eight towns and cities to the south, ending at Boston's North Station. Trains also go north to Freeport and Brunswick.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Concord Coach Lines bus service connects Portland to 14 other communities in Maine as well as to Boston's South Station and Logan Airport. Both the "Downeaster" and the Concord Coach Lines can be found at the Portland Transportation Center on Thompsons Point Road, in the Libbytown neighborhood.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Commercial air service is available at the Portland International Jetport, located in Stroudwater, west of the city's downtown district. American, Southwest, JetBlue, Delta, and United Airlines service the airport. Direct flights are available to Atlanta, Baltimore, Charlotte, Chicago, Detroit, Philadelphia, New York, Newark, Sarasota, and Washington, D.C.


title: Portland, Maine

text: The Port of Portland is the second-largest cruise and passenger destination in the state (next to Bar Harbor) and is served by the Ocean Gateway International Marine Passenger Terminal. Ferry service is available year-round to many destinations in Casco Bay. From 2006 to 2009, Bay Ferries operated a high speed ferry called "The Cat" featuring a five-hour trip to Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, for summer passengers and cars. In years past the Scotia Prince Cruises trip took eleven hours. A proposal to replace the defunct Nova Scotia ferry service was rejected in 2013 by the province. From May 15, 2014, until October 2015, the cruise ship ferry Nova Star made daily trips to Yarmouth, Nova Scotia. Due to poor passenger numbers and financial problems, Nova Scotia selected Bay Ferries, the prior operator of "The Cat", to operate the service starting in 2016, citing the company's experience and industry relationships. Nova Star officials pledged a smooth transition to the new operator. The Nova Star was later ordered seized by federal marshals for nonpayment of bills.


title: Portland, Maine

text: Bay Ferries announced on March 24, 2016, the charter of the former Hawaii Superferry boat "HST-2" from the US Navy for the Portland-Yarmouth service for two years. Bay Ferries signed a ten-year deal with Nova Scotia to run the ferry route, which will take about five and a half hours each way. They stated that the boat would be renamed "The Cat" and that service would begin around June 15, after refitting in South Carolina. There is still a dispute as to whether the ferry will be permitted to carry trucks, desired by Nova Scotia businesses but opposed by the City of Portland.


title: Portland, Maine

text: The Casco Bay Lines operate several passenger ferries with dozens of trips every day year-round to the major populated islands of Casco Bay. The service to Peaks Island also provides an auto ferry for most of its schedule.


title: Paul Ritter

text: Simon Paul Adams (20 December 1966 – 5 April 2021), known professionally as Paul Ritter, was an English actor. He had roles in films including "Son of Rambow" (2007), "Quantum of Solace" (2008), "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince" (2009), "The Eagle" (2011), and "Operation Mincemeat" (2021), as well as television programmes including "Friday Night Dinner" (2011–2020), "Vera", "The Hollow Crown", "The Last Kingdom," "Chernobyl", "Belgravia" and "Resistance."


title: Paul Ritter

text: Ritter was born Simon Paul Adams on 20 December 1966 in Gravesend, Kent. His father Ken Adams, a toolmaker, worked at various power stations; his mother Joan ( Mooney) was a school secretary. His family were Catholic and he had four older sisters. Adams attended Gravesend Grammar School where he acquired an A Level in Theatre Studies. He went on to study Modern Languages at St John's College, Cambridge.


title: Paul Ritter

text: After graduating, he went to the Deutsches Schauspielhaus in Hamburg, Germany. Upon returning to the UK, he took up the stage name Ritter, of German origin. He took up this name because another Simon Adams was registered with the acting trade union, Equity, and he admired a German actor with the surname Ritter.


title: Paul Ritter

text: Ritter studied alongside the actor Stephen Mangan and they later acted together in the 2009 play "The Norman Conquests".


title: Paul Ritter

text: Ritter's screen work included roles in "Nowhere Boy", the 2007 television serial "Instinct", the comedy drama "Pulling" and the role of Pistol in "Henry IV, Part II" and "Henry V" in BBC Two's cycle of William Shakespeare's history plays, "The Hollow Crown"; "The Daily Telegraph" described Ritter as "an actor who is surely destined for greatness very soon. His Pistol conveyed perfectly the shock of a man who reluctantly had left behind the rowdy cheer of Eastcheap, and found himself in middle age contemplating the melancholy of a medieval autumn." Ritter also played comic actor Eric Sykes in "" and took a lead role in BBC One's 2014 serialised Cold War spy drama, "The Game".


title: Paul Ritter

text: From 2005 to 2006, Ritter played Otis Gardiner in the original Royal National Theatre production of Helen Edmundson's "Coram Boy", for which he was nominated for an Olivier Award. He was nominated for a Tony Award in 2009 for his role in "The Norman Conquests". In 2012, he appeared as the protagonist's father in the stage version of Mark Haddon's novel "The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time" at the National Theatre and in 2013 as John Major in the premiere of Peter Morgan's "The Audience".


title: Paul Ritter

text: He appeared in the first three series (2011-13) of the popular British crime drama, "Vera", as pathologist Dr. Billy Cartwright.


title: Paul Ritter

text: From 2011 to 2020, Ritter starred as Martin Goodman in the Channel 4 comedy series, "Friday Night Dinner". For this role, he received a posthumous nomination at the 2021 British Academy Television Awards for the Best Male Comedy Performance.


title: Paul Ritter

text: In 1996, Ritter married Polly Radcliffe, a research fellow at King's College London. He lived in Faversham, Kent. He had two sons named Frank and Noah.


title: Paul Ritter

text: Ritter died of heart failure caused by a brain tumour on 5 April 2021, aged 54, in his home, surrounded by his family. Long-time friend Stephen Mangan tweeted: "Trying to find a way to talk about Paul Ritter and struggling. My friend since we were students together. So much talent and it shone from him even as a teenager. I was so lucky to know him and lucky too to work with him many times over the years. Wonderful man." Fellow actors from "Friday Night Dinner" also paid tribute. Writing in "The Guardian", Tamsin Greig said she was "eternally grateful" to have known Ritter. Simon Bird said he always aspired to be like him whilst Tom Rosenthal called him an "ultimate professional".


title: Rex Orange County

text: Alexander James O'Connor (born 4 May 1998), known professionally as Rex Orange County, is an English singer, multi-instrumentalist and songwriter. O'Connor rose to prominence in 2017 following multiple features on Tyler, the Creator's Grammy-nominated album "Flower Boy", including the single "Boredom". NPR Music journalist Zoë Jones has described O'Connor's music as "a bright blend of hip-hop, jazz, and bedroom pop”.


title: Rex Orange County

text: Under the Rex Orange County moniker, O'Connor has released one mixtape, "Bcos U Will Never B Free" (2015), and three studio albums: "Apricot Princess" (2017), "Pony" (2019), and "Who Cares?" (2022). Both "Pony" and "Who Cares?" made the top 5 in the UK and US, and the latter topped the UK Albums Chart. O'Connor also released a live album, entitled "Live at Radio City Music Hall", in 2020.


title: Rex Orange County

text: Alexander James O'Connor was born on 4 May 1998, to Nina and Phil O'Connor, a professional sports photographer. He grew up in the village of Grayshott near Haslemere, Surrey. O'Connor's interest in music began at a young age. At age 5, O'Connor joined the choir at the school where his mother worked. He became a drummer and later taught himself piano.


title: Rex Orange County

text: The name Rex Orange County is based on a teacher-given nickname, "The OC", after his surname O'Connor.


title: Rex Orange County

text: At age 16, O'Connor began playing the guitar and started to produce his own music using Apple's Logic software. At this age, he also began attending the BRIT School where he studied drumming and was one of four percussionists in his year; the relative rareness of his primary instrument provided him with wide exposure to various projects of others in his school which he credits with exposing him to new music.


title: Rex Orange County

text: On 4 September 2015, O'Connor self-released his debut album "Bcos U Will Never B Free" on SoundCloud and Bandcamp. Upon listening to the album, fellow English musician and producer Two Inch Punch got in touch with him, providing him with a management team. The two have continued to collaborate throughout O'Connor's career in the form of the tracks "UNO", "Best Friend", and "Untitled". The album also caught the attention of American rapper Tyler, the Creator, who sent him an email describing his enjoyment of the project. This led to him flying O'Connor out the following year to Los Angeles to collaborate on his album "Flower Boy", with him co-writing and contributing vocals to the songs "Boredom" and "Foreword". On 17 November 2016, O'Connor released the single "UNO", a song "Clash" magazine described by writing, "The buoyant keyboard riff underpins a hypnotic half-spoken vocal, one that veers from topic to topic in a hazy burst of creative mania." On 25 January 2017, he released the single “Best Friend” (premiering on Apple Music's Beats 1 station), followed later in the year by the release of his second album "Apricot Princess". His work was compared by Aimee Cliff of "The Fader" in 2017 to "other artsy, post-genre teen artists, such as Kevin Abstract or Steve Lacy".


title: Rex Orange County

text: O'Connor's first release following the success of "Apricot Princess" and "Flower Boy" was on 11 October 2017 with the single "Loving Is Easy", created in collaboration with the Dutch artist Benny Sings. On 16 April 2018, he performed the song in his television debut on "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon". On 31 May 2018, he released a cover of "You've Got a Friend in Me" in collaboration with Randy Newman, the creator of the song. He was also featured in Spotify's Rise Program.


title: Rex Orange County

text: On 9 October 2018, O'Connor was scheduled to appear on the French television programme "Quotidien", but refused to perform because it featured a sketch by comedian Alison Wheeler parodying the Ku Klux Klan, which he called "tasteless".


title: Rex Orange County

text: On 14 February 2019, O'Connor released the single "New House". Later that year on 12 September, he released "10/10"; the lead single from his third album "Pony". Released on 25 October 2019, "Pony" was his first major-label album release through RCA Records. Review aggregator Metacritic gave the album a rating of 76/100 based on 11 professional reviews.


title: Rex Orange County

text: On 30 September 2020, O'Connor released an EP with recordings from his performance at Radio City Music Hall in New York City during his "Pony" tour titled "Live at Radio City Music Hall" alongside a documentary released on YouTube. This documentary showed the events leading up to this performance as well as the early conclusion of the "Pony" tour due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Rex Orange County

text: In October 2020, O'Connor confirmed that he was in the process of recording a fourth studio album titled "Who Cares?". In January 2021, he liked a Tweet seemingly confirming that it would be released at some point later that year. However, this did not materialise. On 13 January 2022, he began officially teasing the album, sending out postcards containing a phone number that when called, a snippet of song would play. The album was released on 11 March 2022, and was his first to top the UK Albums Chart, entering ahead of "Impera" by Ghost.


title: Rex Orange County

text: In July 2022, O'Connor cancelled tour dates in Australia, New Zealand and Europe due to "unforeseen personal circumstances".


title: Rex Orange County

text: Growing up, O'Connor listened to Queen, ABBA, Stevie Wonder, and American alternative artists like Weezer and Green Day. He cites these artists and others as core inspiration for his own music.


title: Rex Orange County

text: In 2015, O'Connor began dating fellow British singer-songwriter Thea Morgan-Murrell (known professionally as Thea), having met while attending the BRIT School together. He sang about her in several of his songs, and they collaborated on the tracks "Sycamore Girl" and "Never Had the Balls". On 24 November 2020, he confirmed on Twitter that they were separated, tweeting "i am not in a relationship".


title: Rex Orange County

text: On 10 October 2022, O'Connor appeared in Southwark Crown Court and was charged with six counts of sexual assault of the same woman, alleged to have taken place in June 2021. He pleaded not guilty to all counts and was bailed, with a trial provisionally scheduled for 3 January 2023. A representative for O'Connor released a statement on his behalf which read: "Alex is shocked by the allegations, which he denies, and looks forward to clearing his name in court. He is unable to make any further comment because of the ongoing proceedings."


title: Rex Orange County

text: In January 2018, O'Connor came in second in the BBC "Sound of 2018" award after Norwegian singer Sigrid.


title: Fran Lebowitz

text: Frances Ann Lebowitz (; born October 27, 1950) is an American author, public speaker, and occasional actor. She is known for her sardonic social commentary on American life as filtered through her New York City sensibilities and her association with many prominent figures of the 1970s and 1980s New York art scene, including Andy Warhol, Martin Scorsese, Jerome Robbins, Robert Mapplethorpe, David Wojnarowicz and the New York Dolls. "The New York Times" has called her a modern-day Dorothy Parker. Lebowitz gained fame for her books "Metropolitan Life" (1978) and "Social Studies" (1981), which were combined into "The Fran Lebowitz Reader" in 1994. She has been the subject of two projects directed by Martin Scorsese, the HBO documentary film "Public Speaking" (2010), and the Netflix docu-series "Pretend It's a City" (2021).


title: Fran Lebowitz

text: Lebowitz was born and raised in Morristown, New Jersey. She had one sister, Ellen. Her parents were Ruth and Harold Lebowitz, who owned Pearl's Upholstered Furniture, a furniture store and upholstery workshop. She developed a love of reading from an early age, to the point that she would surreptitiously read during class and neglect her homework. Lebowitz describes her "Jewish identity [as] ethnic or cultural or whatever people call it now. But it's not religious." She has been an atheist since age 7. She did not have a bat mitzvah, but did go to Sunday school until 15 and had a confirmation.


title: Fran Lebowitz

text: Lebowitz was a poor student overall, particularly in algebra, which she failed six times. She has called it "the first thing which they presented to me that I absolutely could not understand at all, and had no interest in understanding". She worked at a Carvel ice cream store. Her grades were so poor that her parents enrolled her in The Wilson School (now defunct), a private girls' Episcopal school, in Mountain Lakes, where her grades marginally improved but she had difficulty following the rules and was eventually expelled for "nonspecific surliness". She also was suspended from Morristown High School for sneaking out of pep rallies.


title: Fran Lebowitz

text: As an adolescent, Lebowitz was deeply affected by James Baldwin: "James Baldwin was the first person I ever saw on television who I heard talk like that—by which I mean, he was the first intellectual I ever heard talk... And I was just flabbergasted. That made me read him." She also enjoyed watching television appearances by Gore Vidal and William F. Buckley, though she did not agree with Buckley.


title: Fran Lebowitz

text: After being expelled from high school, Lebowitz earned her certificate of high school equivalency. When she was 18, her parents sent her to live with her aunt in Poughkeepsie, New York. She stayed for six months, and then in 1969 moved to New York City. Her father agreed to pay for her first two months in the city on the condition that she live at the women's-only Martha Washington Hotel. She then stayed with friends in New York apartments and Boston college dormitories, surviving by writing papers for students. At age 20, she rented a West Village apartment. To support herself, she worked as a cleaner, chauffeur, taxi driver and pornography writer. Lebowitz refused to wait tables because she claimed that sexual intercourse with the manager was a prerequisite for hiring at many restaurants.


title: Fran Lebowitz

text: At age 21, Lebowitz worked for "Changes", a small magazine "about radical-chic politics and culture" founded by Susan Graham Ungaro, the fourth wife of Charles Mingus. She sold advertising space, and then wrote book and movie reviews. Andy Warhol then hired Lebowitz as a columnist for "Interview", where she wrote a column called "I Cover the Waterfront". Then came a stint at "Mademoiselle". During these years, she made friends with many artists, including Peter Hujar, whom she met in 1971, and Robert Mapplethorpe, who often gave her photos, many of which she threw away in the 1970s.


title: Fran Lebowitz

text: In 1978, her first book, "Metropolitan Life," was published. The book was a set of comedic essays mostly from "Mademoiselle" and "Interview", with titles such as "Success Without College" and "A Few Words on a Few Words". She often detailed things that she found irksome or frustrating in a dry, sardonic tone. After its publication, Lebowitz became a local celebrity, frequenting Studio 54 and appearing on television. This was followed by "Social Studies" (1981), another collection of comedic essays mostly from "Mademoiselle" and "Interview", in which she explored topics such as teenagers, films, and room service. Years later, "The Fran Lebowitz Reader" (1994) was published, which included both books.


title: Fran Lebowitz

text: Since the mid-1990s, Lebowitz has been known for her decades-long writer's block. Her last published book was "Mr. Chas and Lisa Sue Meet the Pandas" (1994), a children's book about giant pandas living in New York City who long to move to Paris. Since that time, Lebowitz has worked on various book projects that have not been completed. This includes "Exterior Signs of Wealth", a long-overdue, unfinished novel, purportedly about rich people who want to be artists and artists who want to be rich. Her book "Progress" was first excerpted in "Vanity Fair" in 2004, but has yet to be completed as of 2022. When discussing her writer's block, she said: "My editor—who, whenever I introduce him as my editor, always says, 'easiest job in town'—he says that the paralysis I have about writing is caused by an excessive reverence for the written word, and I think that's probably true."


title: Fran Lebowitz

text: Due to her writer's block, Lebowitz has largely supported herself with television appearances and speaking engagements. She has said, "It's what I wanted my entire life. People asking me my opinion, and people not allowed to interrupt." She tours as a public speaker, represented by the Steven Barclay Agency. In addition, she has made several appearances on "Late Night with David Letterman" and had a recurring role as Judge Janice Goldberg on the television drama "Law & Order" from 2001 to 2007. She does still write journalistic pieces; Lebowitz has been employed as a contributing editor and occasional columnist for "Vanity Fair" since 1997.


title: Fran Lebowitz

text: Through her public appearances, Lebowitz has reached a wider audience who have come to know her trademark style. She is known for her clever quips and observational humor on a range of topics, including New York City, gentrification, art, literature, and politics. She typically wears men's suit jackets (made bespoke by the Savile Row firm of Anderson & Sheppard), white shirts, cowboy boots, Levi's jeans, and tortoiseshell glasses. She often speaks of her treasured pearl-grey 1979 Checker cab, the only car she has ever owned, which she describes as "the only monogamous relationship I've ever had in my life". In September 2007, Lebowitz was named one of the year's most stylish women in "Vanity Fair"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s 68th Annual International Best-Dressed List. She is also known for her massive book collection, 10,000 volumes in all, including at least one shelf of soap-carving books, and her refusal to use many technologies, including cell phones and computers. A heavy smoker, Lebowitz is an advocate for smokers' rights. She has not otherwise used drugs or alcohol since she was 19, which she says is because she reached her "lifetime supply" of both by that age.


title: Fran Lebowitz

text: In 2010, Lebowitz was introduced to a new generation of audiences, when she was featured in the documentary "Public Speaking." On November 17, 2010, she returned to "The Late Show with David Letterman" after a 16-year absence, to promote the documentary. She discussed her years-long writer's block, which she jokingly referred to as a "writer's blockade". On November 22, 2010, HBO debuted "Public Speaking", Martin Scorsese's documentary about her containing interviews and clips from speaking engagements. Lebowitz also made an appearance as a judge in Scorsese's 2013 film "The Wolf of Wall Street". She collaborated with Scorsese again on the 2021 Netflix series "Pretend It's a City", in which Scorsese interviews her about New York City and other subjects.


title: Fran Lebowitz

text: Lebowitz has been critical of the gentrification and changing culture of New York City. She explained that the main difference between "Old New York" and "New New York" is the influence and dominance of the culture of money. While New York was always an expensive city, people who were not rich could live in Manhattan and "you didn't have to think about money every second." This was because, among other reasons, "there were a zillion bad jobs. That doesn't exist any more. I mean, I could wake up one afternoon with zero money—I don't just mean in the house, I mean to my name—and know that by the end of the day, I would have money."


title: Fran Lebowitz

text: She has been critical of New York mayors Rudy Giuliani and Michael Bloomberg for making New York more "suburban" and accelerating gentrification in Manhattan. She has also been critical of the large numbers of wealthy people in New York City, as she believes they do not create anything of value but only consume things. Of Bloomberg, she said:


title: Fran Lebowitz

text: Of Giuliani's law enforcement policies she said, "When Giuliani was the mayor, every five minutes an unarmed black man was shot in the back." Lebowitz abhors New York City's high number of tourists, calling the shift in the 1980s toward promoting the city as a tourist destination "an incredibly horrible idea". She has cited tourism as a cause of New York's housing shortage because hotels are built rather than apartment buildings, and described the negative effects of gearing the city's economy towards tourists: "You cannot lure these herds of hillbillies into the middle of a city, and not have it affect the city."


title: Fran Lebowitz

text: Of the homelessness crisis in New York, she has said, "Any New Yorker who walks down the street in this rich city ... you can't even hear anything because the money's making so much noise now, and see people in the street and not feel this is a disgrace to the country, it's a disgrace to the city."


title: Fran Lebowitz

text: In 2022, Lebowitz was a guest on Questlove's "Quest for Craft". She discussed how New York City is important to her craft, and how a sense of place is important to writers.


title: Fran Lebowitz

text: In the 1980s, many of her gay male friends died of HIV/AIDS. Lebowitz has discussed the impact of the "plague years" on American culture. In particular, she has spoken about the cultural void that was left behind from losing a generation of talented artists and intellectuals. Many of these men not only produced art and intellectual culture, but they also were the passionate audiences that nurtured such culture. As she explained in a 2016 interview:What is culture without gay people? This is America, what is the culture? Not just New York. AIDS completely changed American culture... And with AIDS, a whole generation of gay men died practically all at once, within a couple of years. And especially the ones that I knew. The first people who died of AIDS were artists. They were also the most interesting people... The knowing audience also died and no longer exists in a real way... There's a huge gap in what people know, and there's no context for it anymore.In 1987, Lebowitz published a piece in "The New York Times" titled "The Impact of AIDS on the Artistic Community".


title: Fran Lebowitz

text: Lebowitz has been called the "opposite of lean-in feminism". She said in a 2019 interview:If [feminism] really worked, there wouldn't be feminism anymore. There's a couple of things that have changed so much for the better, and the life of a girl is a billion times better than when I was a girl. There's no comparison. It's so much better, and yet it's still horrible. That will tell you what it was like, okay?


title: Fran Lebowitz

text: In another interview, she said, "I didn't pay much attention to it, largely because it never occurred to me it would work. I was, unfortunately, largely right." She has also said, "The way girls are raised now. It's so different... When I was a child, if you wanted to do something and you were not allowed to do it, very often, the answer to why not would be: because you're a girl."


title: Fran Lebowitz

text: Of the MeToo movement, she said, It never occurred to me this would ever change. Being a woman was exactly the same from Eve till eight months ago. So it never occurred to me that it would change. Ever. I can tell you that it's probably one of the most surprising things in my life. The first forty guys who got caught—I knew almost all of them.


title: Fran Lebowitz

text: Lebowitz identifies as a liberal Democrat and is often critical of moderate Democratic politicians and policy. She has been a vociferous critic of the Republican Party for many years and more recently of former president Donald Trump. She has said that Trump's appeal to his voters is "racism, pure and simple," and described Trump campaign rallies as reminiscent of those held by the Ku Klux Klan and George Wallace. She has called Trump "a cheap hustler," "stupid," "lazy," and "a little crazy, but mostly he's dumb." Of Trump's election in 2016, she said, "It was horrible. I felt that strongly affected emotionally for at least a month. My level of rage, always high, is now in fever pitch all the time." She joked, "If there's one upside to all this [Trump's election], it's that it's gotten Trump out of New York."


title: Fran Lebowitz

text: Lebowitz has been critical of many other politicians. She has expressed antipathy for Bill Clinton for moving the Democratic Party to the right, saying, "to me he seemed like a Republican...when he signed that welfare bill I went insane. He was a successful moderate Republican president." Lebowitz has spoken of her dislike for Bernie Sanders, calling him at one point "an unbelievably irritating, narcissistic old man" who took votes away from her candidate of choice, Hillary Clinton. She often describes Ronald Reagan as "the template for the stupid President," saying that "before Reagan there was no idea the president could be stupid."


title: Fran Lebowitz

text: Lebowitz has said she believes the Second Amendment has been misinterpreted, and guarantees individuals the right not to bear arms but rather to form militias. Of the gun rights debate, she has said:


title: Fran Lebowitz

text: In May 2019, Lebowitz said on "Real Time with Bill Maher" that Trump should suffer the same fate as Jamal Khashoggi, the "Washington Post" columnist the CIA believes was tortured and murdered on orders from Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. Lebowitz walked back her comments later in the same program.


title: Fran Lebowitz

text: Lebowitz is open about her personal life, and identifies as lesbian. She has spoken about having difficulty with romantic relationships. In 2016, she said, "I'm the world's greatest daughter. I'm a great relative. I believe I'm a great friend. I'm a horrible girlfriend. I always was."


title: Catfishing

text: Catfishing is a deceptive activity in which a person creates a fictional persona or fake identity on a social networking service, usually targeting a specific victim. The practice may be used for financial gain, to compromise a victim in some way, as a way to intentionally upset a victim, or for wish fulfillment. Catfishing television shows have been produced, often featuring victims who wish to identify their catfisher. Celebrities have been targeted, which has brought press attention to catfishing practices.


title: Catfishing

text: The modern term originated from the 2010 American documentary "Catfish". The documentary follows Nev Schulman, the executive producer, as a victim of catfishing. He had cultivated a relationship with what he thought was a 19-year-old girl from the Midwestern United States. The woman with whom he had been communicating was actually a 40-year-old housewife. In the documentary, the woman's husband makes a comparison between the woman’s behaviour and a mythical use for literal catfish in the shipping of live cod fish.


title: Catfishing

text: The myth is that cod were shipped with catfish in the same tanks in order to keep the cod active, ensuring the quality of the cod, whereas when shipped alone the cod would become pale and lethargic. This myth originated in the fiction writing of Henry Nevinson (1913, "Essays in Rebellion") and Charles Marriott (1913, "The Catfish").


title: Catfishing

text: The term catfishing has become more widely known throughout the subsequent decade, thanks to a television series which followed the main star of the movie, Yaniv (Nev) Schulman, helping other people investigate their possible catfish situations.


title: Catfishing

text: The term also spiked in popularity during an incident involving University of Notre Dame football star Manti Te'o in 2013.


title: Catfishing

text: Catfishing has been thought to have grown in popularity as it allows participants to disassociate from one's everyday identity, shielding from moral obligation or responsibility. This is attributed to the online disinhibition effect, due to which online users feel more comfortable sharing information, some of which may be untrue, on an online forum than through in person communication.


title: Catfishing

text: In catfishing, an internet user uses a fake identity to persuade another person to believe they are the person they portray. This often is used for relationships, such as the scenario in the movie "Catfish" The person catfishing uses another person's photos and life facts to make them appear as a real person. Often, the person who this identity has been molded from does not know that their pictures and name are being used. They are unaware that their identity was used to create these fake relationships online. The person uses catfishing in order to appear as a better version of themselves by using a fake identity. Their primary reason to appear as a fake person is to befriend the other person for a relationship, sexual reasons or financial gain.


title: Catfishing

text: Some online users have used catfishing to explore their gender and/or sexual identities. Known this way as a type of romance scam, catfishing is often employed on dating websites however the use of social media or email will serve for scammers as a way to make initial contact. For example, on the MTV show "", based on the documentary film, a girl named Sonny connects with a male model named Jamison who is, in reality, Chelsea, a woman using her alternative identity to interact romantically with other women in an online space.


title: Catfishing

text: Financial gain can be another motive of catfishing. In 2015, three girls created a fake social media profile and managed to steal $3,300 from the Islamic State, a terrorist group. The three girls had been approached by a recruitment officer to join the organization. After coming into contact the three girls proceeded and asked for money to travel to Syria. When they received the money, the girls immediately deleted their internet account and pocketed the cash that was intended for their own personal travel.


title: Catfishing

text: Catfishing has also been used as a tactic to stop criminal activity. In 2004, "Dateline NBC" produced the segment, "To Catch a Predator", which documented undercover cops posing as minors online to catch pedophiles. Pedophiles would then be lured into spaces arranged by the undercover officers where an encounter between the posed minor and the adult were to occur.


title: Catfishing

text: Catfishing can also be used as a tactic to cyberbully someone online by attacking other individuals online working under a fake or anonymous identity. Since they are using another person's identity or a made-up identity, the person is less likely to get in trouble or have any consequences as the cyberbullying is more difficult to be traced back to them.


title: Catfishing

text: Catfishing can be used to attract a person from the Internet and allow them to meet them in person. The person catfishing can lure a victim to a place to be kidnapped, or hurt in another way. Sexual predators use fake identities to talk to teens, allowing them to get close to them so that the victim will trust them. This then allows for the predator to get information from the victim to use that information to potentially harm them. Examples of this are the 2002 murder of Kacie Woody and 2007 murder of Carly Ryan.


title: Catfishing

text: Catfishing as a way to harass others online also has increased the number of suicides in teens as mental abuse is involved, an example being the 2006 suicide of Megan Meier.


title: Catfishing

text: The first successful civil claim relating to a catfishing scam in the UK, and in the common law world ("Kirat Assi v Simran Kaur Bhogal") was won in June 2021 after Kirat, a British radio presenter, discovered she was a victim of a nine year catfishing campaign perpetrated by her younger cousin Simran, a former Barclays Investment banker.


title: Catfishing

text: Beginning sometime in 20002001, 13-year-old Alicia Kozakiewicz befriended an individual she believed was a boy her age in a Yahoo chat room. On January1, 2002, he invited Kozakiewicz to meet him near her Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania home. The boy was actually 38-year-old Scott Tyree from Herndon, Virginia, who, after coercing Kozakiewicz into his vehicle, drove her to his home where he held her captive, shackled, raped and tortured her in his basement dungeon while live streaming online. A Florida viewer recognized Kozakiewicz from news stories and a National Center for Missing & Exploited Children flier, and gave an anonymous tip to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). After tracing Tyree's IP address, FBI stormed the house on January 4 and freed Kozakiewicz at 4:10 PM. Kozakiewicz has gone on to become a motivational speaker, Internet safety and missing persons advocate, and has founded The Alicia Project.


title: Catfishing

text: In 2002, 13-year-old Kacie Woody (screen name: modelbehavior63), from Arkansas began an online friendship with a supposedly 17-year-old boy named Dave Fagen (screen name: jazzman_df) from California. "Dave Fagen", whose profile picture was of a young man, was actually 47-year-old David Fuller from La Mesa. Fuller traveled to Arkansas and abducted Woody from her home on the night of December 3. After an investigation by Arkansas law enforcement and the FBI, Woody and Fuller's bodies were found the next day in Fuller's rented minivan inside Guardsmart Storage in Conway. Fuller had sedated Woody with chloroform, bound, raped and shot her in the head before shooting himself upon law enforcement's arrival. Woody's friends and family subsequently founded the Kacie Woody Foundation in order to educate parents and children about Internet safety, and her case appeared on the Investigation Discovery TV shows "Web of Lies" and "Man With a Van."


title: Catfishing

text: The suicide of Megan Meier in October 2006 was attributed to Lori Drew, a neighbor of the Meiers and the mother of Megan's friend Sarah, who had created a fake account in order to cyberbully Megan for allegedly spreading gossip about Sarah. Sarah and several other people were also involved. On MySpace, Megan had received a friend request from a supposedly 16-year-old boy named "Josh Evans", who claimed to have recently moved to a nearby city, O'Fallon, Missouri. The two became friends; however, on October 16, Josh began sending increasingly hurtful messages to Megan, the last of which told her that the world would be a better place without her. Megan had become upset, and after being confronted by her mother, Tina, for not signing off when she was told, ran to her bedroom. A while later, when Tina went to Megan's room to check on her, she found that Megan had hanged herself with a belt inside her closet. Attempts to revive her failed, and Megan was pronounced dead the next day, three weeks before her 14th birthday. About a year later, the scheme behind the account was discovered. In 2008, a jury indicted and convicted Lori of violations of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act in connection with the incident, but the conviction was later vacated by a federal judge on a post-trial verdict, on grounds that the act did not intend to criminalize Drew's alleged conduct. The government decided against appealing the ruling. In 2009, Drew was also acquitted of cyberbullying in "United States v. Drew". Tina founded the Megan Meier Foundation, an organization intended to fight cyberbullying.


title: Catfishing

text: In 2006, 14-year-old Carly Ryan from South Australia befriended and began dating an American-Australian teen named Brandon Kane over MySpace. "Kane" turned out to be Garry Francis Newman, who in January 2007 travelled from Melbourne to attend Carly's 15th birthday party and give her presents, while posing as Kane's father Shane, but after behaving erratically and inappropriately, her mother Sonya told him to leave. About three weeks later, Carly left the house apparently to have a sleepover with friends, but after being reported missing when she didn’t return home the next morning, her body was found floating in Horseshoe Bay in Port Elliot. She had been beaten, smothered in beach sand and then thrown into the ocean to drown. An investigation led back to Newman, who was arrested and, in January 2010, found guilty of Carly’s murder and sentenced to life in prison with a 29-year non-parole period. Carly's mother, Sonya Ryan, founded the Carly Ryan Foundation, which successfully lobbied for "Carly's Law" being enacted in order to protect Australian minors online.


title: Catfishing

text: Thomas Montgomery (screen name: marinesniper), a 47-year-old married man, pretending to be an 18-year-old male Marine named "Tommy", ended up in a love triangle with Mary Shieler (screen name: talhotblond), a middle-aged married woman pretending to be an 18-year-old woman named "Jessi", and a co-worker of Montgomery's, 22-year-old Brian Barrett (screen name: beefcake). As a result of jealousy, Montgomery murdered Barrett, and the deceptions unraveled. These events were covered in a 2009 documentary film, "Talhotblond" and a subsequent movie adaptation.


title: Catfishing

text: According to a "Washington Post" article, the "Rolling Stone" University of Virginia rape hoax story may have been an example of catfishing where a young woman posed online as another student after the young man she had a romantic interest in did not reciprocate. The young woman posed as a made-up upperclassman student online in order to stay in communication with her love interest.


title: Catfishing

text: The identity of an Australian actor, Lincoln Lewis, was used by an impostor over four years. The actions resulted in the suicide of one victim, who had at one point reached out to the real Lincoln Lewis as they had attended primary school together, so she was familiar with some aspects of his life that were discovered and exploited by the perpetrator. The female perpetrator operated from at least mid-2011 until arrested in mid-2016, and in early 2019 was found guilty of stalking six people.


title: Nancy (singer)

text: Nancy Jewel McDonie (born April 13, 2000), known professionally as Nancy (), is a Korean-American singer, actress, and host. She is a member of the South Korean girl group Momoland, which was formed on November 10, 2016, through the Mnet's reality survival show "Finding Momoland".


title: Nancy (singer)

text: Nancy's father, Richard Jowel McDonie is from Columbus, Ohio, and served in the United States Army for twenty years. In the 1990s he was promoted to Colonel and stationed in Korea. He went on a blind date with Lee Myeong-ju, a Korean woman, originally from Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, who was volunteering at the base, and they soon married. In November 1998 their first child, later to become a cellist, Brenda, was born, and on April 13, 2000 the second daughter, Nancy, was born in Daegu, South Korea. In 2001 the family moved to the father's hometown of Columbus, Ohio, where Nancy spent her early years and attended school. in Nam-gu, Daegu, South Korea. In an interview about her being of mixed origin and the product of two cultures Nancy said, "I have always been told by my parents that there are two cultures that I am in contact with ever since I was a child."


title: Nancy (singer)

text: On March 20, 2019, it was reported that Nancy changed her Korean legal name to Lee Geu-roo from Lee Seung-ri.


title: Nancy (singer)

text: She graduated from Hanlim Multi Art School on February 9, 2018, where she was a student in the Musical Department.


title: Nancy (singer)

text: Nancy auditioned in "Korea's Got Talent" as part of a hip-hop group called "Cutie Pies" in 2011, The group reached the semi-finals.


title: Nancy (singer)

text: As a teenager, she appeared in several TV programs, including "The Unlimited", and also participated in "Mak Ee Rae Show: Just Do It Expedition" in 2012, in which she traveled to the Philippines and Saipan with South Korean actress Kim Yoo-jung.


title: Nancy (singer)

text: In 2016, Nancy became a contestant on Mnet's reality survival show "Finding Momoland" to select the members of MLD Entertainment's new girl group Momoland. She finished the competition in first place, and had her debut with the group on November 10, 2016, with the mini-album "Welcome to Momoland". Momoland made their debut stage performing at "M Countdown",


title: Nancy (singer)

text: On November 19, it was announced that she would join "Inkigayo"'s project girl group Sunny Girls along with GFriend's Eunha, WJSN's Cheng Xiao, Oh My Girl's YooA and Gugudan's Nayoung. They made their official debut at SBS's "Inkigayo" stage, on November 27, with the title track "Taxi". The group also performed at the 2016 SBS Gayo Daejeon on December 26.


title: Nancy (singer)

text: In April 2017, Momoland released the single "Wonderful Love". On August 22, 2017, Momoland's second mini-album, "Freeze!" was released. In the same year, Nancy was cast in the lead role with boy band member Ha Min-woo in Naver TV's web music drama series "Some Light". Nancy and Ha Min-woo also collaborated for the theme song of the drama series.


title: Nancy (singer)

text: In October 2018, Nancy appeared in episode 11 of MBC's "Dae Jang Geum is Watching", alongside her fellow-members JooE, Hyebin and Daisy as idol trainees.


title: Nancy (singer)

text: On January 3, 2018, Momoland released their third mini-album, "Great!". As a result, the lead single, ""Bboom Bboom"," was a huge commercial success, reaching number two on the Gaon Digital Chart. On June 26, 2018, Momoland released their fourth mini-album "Fun to the World" with the lead single "Baam" becoming the 15th best-selling song of July 2018 on Gaon Music Chart.


title: Nancy (singer)

text: In the Philippines, ABS-CBN and Dreamscape Entertainment announced on October 4, 2019, that Nancy was to star in an upcoming new Filipino miniseries titled "The Soulmate Project". Nancy will play her character Binna, a "Korean-American who lives in the Philippines." In an interview with ABS-CBN News in 2019, director and writer Antoinette Jadaone said that series will consist of 13 episodes and it will be "more akin to a Korean drama." she said, "It’s not like how we do "teleseryes" [in the Philippines] where you do it per script every day, with a weekly script," Nancy revealed that filming will also take part in her home country South Korea. Production for the project was slated to begin in 2020, but was postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the ABS-CBN shutdown and subsequent denial of its bid for a new legislative broadcast franchise. An omnibus trailer for the series was unveiled at the network's Christmas special on December 20, 2020, while new filming dates are yet to be released.


title: Nancy (singer)

text: In January 2020, Nancy was chosen as the new endorsement model for the popular skincare brand "Some By Mi", A representative of Some By Mi said that they chose Nancy was because "her healthy and pure image fit well with the direction that we pursue, of our clean, natural skincare products".


title: Robert Stack

text: Robert Stack (born Charles Langford Modini Stack; January 13, 1919 – May 14, 2003) was an American actor. Known for his deep voice and commanding presence, he appeared in over forty feature films. He starred in the highly successful ABC television series "The Untouchables" (1959–1963), for which he won the 1960 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Series, and later hosted/narrated the true-crime series "Unsolved Mysteries" (1987–2002). He was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the film "Written on the Wind" (1956). Later in his career, Stack was known for his deadpan comedy roles that lampooned his dramatic on-screen persona, most notably as Capt. Rex Kramer in "Airplane!" (1980).


title: Robert Stack

text: He was born Charles Langford Modini Stack in Los Angeles, California, but his first name, selected by his mother, was changed to Robert by his father. He spent his early childhood in Adria and Rome, becoming fluent in French and Italian at an early age, and did not learn English until returning to Los Angeles when he was seven.


title: Robert Stack

text: His parents divorced when he was a year old, and he was raised by his mother, Mary Elizabeth (née Wood). His father, James Langford Stack, a wealthy advertising agency owner, later remarried his mother, but died when Stack was 10.


title: Robert Stack

text: He always spoke of his mother with the greatest respect and love. When he collaborated with Mark Evans on his autobiography, "Straight Shooting," he included a picture of himself and his mother that he captioned "Me and my best girl". His maternal grandfather, opera singer Charles Wood, studied voice in Italy and performed there under the name "Carlo Modini." Stack had another opera-singer relative: American baritone Richard Bonelli (born George Richard Bunn), who was his uncle.


title: Robert Stack

text: Stack took some drama courses at the University of Southern California, where he played on the polo team. Clark Gable was a family friend.


title: Robert Stack

text: By the time he was 20, Stack had achieved minor fame as a sportsman. He was an avid polo player and shooter. His brother and he won the International Outboard Motor Championships, in Venice, Italy, and at age 16, he became a member of the All-American Skeet Team. He set two world records in skeet shooting and became national champion. In 1971, he was inducted into the National Skeet Shooting Hall of Fame. He was a Republican.


title: Robert Stack

text: The Piikani Nation of the Blackfoot Confederacy, which was known as the Peigan Nation before the 1990s, honored him by inducting him into their chieftainship in 1953 (July 2, 1953, Newspaper) as Chief Crow Flag. In 1962, Stack received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.


title: Robert Stack

text: Stack took drama courses at Bridgewater State University, a mid-sized liberal-arts school located 25 miles southeast of Boston. His deep voice and good looks attracted the attention of producers in Hollywood.


title: Robert Stack

text: When Stack visited the lot of Universal Studios at age 20, producer Joe Pasternak offered him an opportunity to enter the business. Recalled Stack, "He said, 'How'd you like to be in pictures? We'll make a test with Helen Parrish, a little love scene.' Helen Parrish was a beautiful girl. 'Gee, that sounds keen,' I told him. I got the part."


title: Robert Stack

text: Stack's first film, which teamed him with Deanna Durbin, was "First Love" (1939), produced by Pasternak. This film was considered controversial at the time, as he was the first actor to give Durbin an on-screen kiss.


title: Robert Stack

text: Stack won critical acclaim for his next role, "The Mortal Storm" (1940) starring Margaret Sullavan and James Stewart, and directed by Frank Borzage at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. He played a young man who joins the Nazi party.


title: Robert Stack

text: Back at Universal, Stack was in Pasternak's "A Little Bit of Heaven" (1940), starring Gloria Jean, who was that studio's back-up for Deanna Durbin. Stack was reunited with Durbin in Pasternak's "Nice Girl?" (1941).


title: Robert Stack

text: Stack then starred in a Western, "Badlands of Dakota" (1942), co-starring Richard Dix and Frances Farmer.


title: Robert Stack

text: United Artists borrowed him to play a Polish Air Force pilot in "To Be or Not To Be" (1942), alongside Jack Benny and Carole Lombard. Stack admitted he was terrified going into this role, but he credited Lombard, whom he had known personally for several years, with giving him many tips on acting and with being his mentor. Lombard was killed in a plane crash shortly before the film was released.


title: Robert Stack

text: Stack played another pilot in "Eagle Squadron" (1942), a huge hit. He then made a Western, "Men of Texas" (1942).


title: Robert Stack

text: During World War II, Stack served as an officer in the United States Navy. He worked as an aerial gunnery instructor and rose to the rank of lieutenant.


title: Robert Stack

text: Stack resumed his career after the war with roles in such films as "Fighter Squadron" (1948) at Warner Bros. with Edmond O'Brien, playing a pilot; "A Date with Judy" (1948) at MGM, with Wallace Beery and Elizabeth Taylor.


title: Robert Stack

text: Stack was in two films at Paramount: "Miss Tatlock's Millions" (1948) and "Mr. Music" (1950). He had an excellent role in "Bullfighter and the Lady" (1951), a passion project of Budd Boetticher for John Wayne's company. He later said this was the first time he liked himself on screen.


title: Robert Stack

text: Stack supported Mickey Rooney in "My Outlaw Brother" (1951) and had the lead in the adventure epic "Bwana Devil" (1952), considered the first color, American 3-D feature film. It was released by United Artists, which also put Stack in a Western, "War Paint" (1953). He continued making similar low-budget action fare: "Conquest of Cochise" (1953) for Sam Katzman; "Sabre Jet" (1953), playing another pilot, this time in the Korean War; "The Iron Glove" (1954), a swashbuckler where Stack played Charles Wogan, for Katzman.


title: Robert Stack

text: Stack was back in "A" pictures when he appeared opposite John Wayne in "The High and the Mighty" (1954), playing the pilot of an airliner who comes apart under stress after the airliner encounters engine trouble. The film was a hit, and Stack received good reviews. In 1954, he signed a seven-year contract with Fox.


title: Robert Stack

text: Sam Fuller cast him in the lead of "House of Bamboo" (1955), shot in Japan for 20th Century Fox. He supported Jennifer Jones in "Good Morning, Miss Dove" (1955), also at Fox, and starred in "Great Day in the Morning" (1956) at RKO, directed by Jacques Tourneur.


title: Robert Stack

text: Stack was then given a role in "Written on the Wind" (1956), directed by Douglas Sirk and produced by Albert Zugsmith. Stack played another pilot, the son of a rich man who marries Lauren Bacall, who in turn falls for his best friend, played by Rock Hudson. The movie was a massive success and Stack was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor; Dorothy Malone, who played Stack's sister, was nominated for Best Supporting Actress. Malone won, but Stack lost, to Anthony Quinn. Stack felt that the primary reason he lost to Quinn was that 20th Century Fox, which had lent him to Universal-International, organized block voting against him to prevent one of their contract players from winning an Academy Award while working at another studio.


title: Robert Stack

text: Stack was reunited with Hudson, Malone, Zugsmith, and Sirk on "The Tarnished Angels" (1957), once more playing a pilot. At Fox, he was in "The Gift of Love" (1958) with Bacall.


title: Robert Stack

text: Stack then was given a real star role, playing the title part in John Farrow's biopic, "John Paul Jones" (1959). Despite a large budget and an appearance by Bette Davis, it was not a success.


title: Robert Stack

text: Stack portrayed the crimefighting Eliot Ness in the ABC television drama series "The Untouchables" (1959–1963) produced by Desilu Productions, in association with Stack's Langford Productions. The show portrayed the ongoing battle between gangsters and a special squad of federal agents in prohibition-era Chicago. "No one thought it was going to be a series," Stack once said, "When you tell the same story every week, it seemed like a vendetta between Ness and the Italians."


title: Robert Stack

text: The show won Stack the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series at the 12th Primetime Emmy Awards in 1960.


title: Robert Stack

text: During the series' run, Stack starred in a disaster movie, "The Last Voyage" (1960), appearing opposite Malone. At Fox, he was in "The Caretakers" (1963) with Joan Crawford and he appeared in a special on hunting, "The American Sportsman". He owned 25% of "The Untouchables" and "The Caretaker".


title: Robert Stack

text: After "The Untouchables", Stack worked in Europe for "Is Paris Burning?" (1966), "The Peking Medallion" (1967), "Action Man" (1967), and later for "Story of a Woman" (1970). He did "Laura" (1967) on film.


title: Robert Stack

text: Stack starred in a new drama series, rotating the lead with Tony Franciosa and Gene Barry in the lavish "The Name of the Game" (1968–1971). He played a former federal agent turned true-crime journalist, evoking memories of his role as Ness.


title: Robert Stack

text: In 1971, he sued CBS for $25 million for appearing in the documentary "The Selling of the Pentagon", saying that the company had misrepresented his position regarding the Vietnam War.


title: Robert Stack

text: Stack played a pilot in the TV movie "Murder on Flight 502" (1975) and was the lead in the series "Most Wanted" (1976), playing a tough, incorruptible police captain commanding an elite squad of special investigators, also evoking the Ness role. He later did a similar part in the series "Strike Force" (1981).


title: Robert Stack

text: Stack parodied his own persona in the comedy "1941" (1979). His performance was well received and Stack became a comic actor, appearing in "Airplane!" (1980), "Big Trouble" (1986), "Plain Clothes" (1988), "Caddyshack II" (1988), "Joe Versus the Volcano" (1990), "Beavis and Butt-Head Do America" (1996), and "BASEketball" (1998). He also provided the voice for the character Ultra Magnus in "" (1986).


title: Robert Stack

text: In a more serious vein, he appeared in the action movie "Uncommon Valor" (1983), the television miniseries "George Washington" (1984), and "Hollywood Wives" (1985), and appeared in several episodes of the primetime soap opera "Falcon Crest" in 1986.


title: Robert Stack

text: He began hosting "Unsolved Mysteries" in 1987. He thought very highly of the interactive nature of the show, saying that it created a "symbiotic" relationship between viewer and program, and that the hotline was a great crime-solving tool. "Unsolved Mysteries" aired from 1987 to 2002, first as specials in 1987 (Stack did not host all the specials, which were previously hosted by Raymond Burr and Karl Malden), then as a regular series on NBC (1988–1997), then on CBS (1997–1999) and finally on Lifetime (2001–2002). Stack served as the show's host during its entire original series run. Netflix revived the series in July 2020 with a six-episode run. Paying homage to the late host, a silhouette of Stack can be seen towards the end of the opening credits.


title: Robert Stack

text: In 1991, Stack voiced the main police officer Lt. Littleboy (who is also the main protagonist and narrator) in "The Real Story of Baa Baa Black Sheep".


title: Robert Stack

text: Stack was married to actress Rosemarie Bowe from 1956 until his death. They had two children, a son, Charles, and a daughter, Elizabeth.


title: Robert Stack

text: He underwent radiation therapy for prostate cancer in October 2002, and died of heart failure at his home in Bel Air, Los Angeles, on May 14, 2003, at the age of 84.


title: JJ Feild

text: John Joseph Feild (born 1978) is a British-American film, television and theatre actor. He started his television career in 1999. Feild played Fred Garland in Philip Pullman's "The Ruby in the Smoke" and "The Shadow in the North" television adaptations. In 2007, he starred as Henry Tilney in the television film "Northanger Abbey". The following year, he made his West End debut in a production of "Ring Round the Moon". From 2014 to 2016, Feild portrayed Major John André in "". Feild's film credits include "Telstar" (2009), "" (2011), "Austenland" (2013), and "Professor Marston and the Wonder Women" (2017).


title: JJ Feild

text: John Joseph Feild was born in Boulder, Colorado, to English writer and former musician Reshad Feild and his American wife. Feild and his parents moved to London when he was six months old (he says he "never walked in America"). His parents later divorced and both remarried.


title: JJ Feild

text: Feild received his first television role in 1999, and has since appeared in several films and television shows. He played the role of Simon Doyle in the "Poirot" series adaptation of "Death on the Nile", and as Paul Osbourne in the "Marple" version of "The Pale Horse". He has also appeared in "Reach for the Moon", "Northanger Abbey" as Henry Tilney, and as Frederick Garland in the BBC adaptations of Philip Pullman's "The Ruby in the Smoke" and "The Shadow in the North". His film roles include playing the younger version of Michael Caine's character in "Last Orders", Hamish in "The Intended", and the role of Heinz in "Telstar".


title: JJ Feild

text: In 2008, he made his West End debut in "Ring Round the Moon". In 2009, he appeared in the RTÉ drama, Pure Mule, as Tom Stafford, the English boyfriend to main protagonist Jennifer. In 2011, Feild co-starred in "" as James Montgomery Falsworth. The same year, he starred alongside Benedict Cumberbatch in "Third Star" and appeared in the BBC adaptation of Sarah Waters' "The Night Watch". He appeared as Henry Nobley in Jerusha Hess's adaptation of Shannon Hale's novel "Austenland" in 2013. Feild filmed a role in "Not Safe for Work" in 2012.


title: JJ Feild

text: Feild appeared in the BBC's "The Musketeers" as Marsac in 2014. From 2014 to 2016, Feild starred as Major John André in "" on AMC. He has been cast in the film adaptation of "La sonrisa etrusca", alongside Brian Cox, Thora Birch and Rosanna Arquette.


title: JJ Feild

text: Feild plays automotive engineer Roy Lunn in the 2018 biographical film "Ford v. Ferrari". In 2019, he starred alongside Idris Elba and Piper Perabo in the Netflix comedy series, "Turn Up Charlie". He also played the recurring role of Captain Ben Adler in Netflix's "Lost in Space". The following year, Feild appeared in an episode of AMC anthology series "Soulmates". He appeared in the Amazon Prime Video series "The Peripheral", and period romance film "Prisoners of Paradise".


title: JJ Feild

text: He has been in a relationship with actress Neve Campbell since 2011. In March 2012, the couple confirmed that Campbell was expecting their first child together. Campbell gave birth to their son Caspian in August 2012. On 29 June 2018, Campbell announced she and Feild had adopted a son in January 2018.


title: Lady-in-waiting

text: A lady-in-waiting or court lady is a female personal assistant at a court, attending on a royal woman or a high-ranking noblewoman. Historically, in Europe, a lady-in-waiting was often a noblewoman but of lower rank than the woman to whom she attended. Although she may either have received a retainer or may not have received compensation for the service she rendered, a lady-in-waiting was considered more of a secretary, courtier, or companion to her mistress than a servant.


title: Lady-in-waiting

text: In other parts of the world, the lady-in-waiting, often referred to as "palace woman", was in practice a servant or a slave rather than a high-ranking woman, but still had about the same tasks, functioning as companion and secretary to her mistress. In courts where polygamy was practised, a court lady was formally available to the monarch for sexual services, and she could become his wife, consort, courtesan, or concubine.


title: Lady-in-waiting

text: "Lady-in-waiting" or "court lady" is often a generic term for women whose relative rank, title, and official functions varied, although such distinctions were also often honorary. A royal woman may or may not be free to select her ladies, and, even when she has such freedom, her choices are usually heavily influenced by the sovereign, her parents, her husband, or the sovereign's ministers (for example, in the Bedchamber crisis).


title: Lady-in-waiting

text: The development of the office of lady-in-waiting in Europe is connected to that of the development of a royal court. During the Carolingian Empire, in the 9th century, Hincmar describes the royal household of Charles the Bald in the "De Ordine Palatii", from 882, in which he states that court officials took orders from the queen as well as the king. Merovingian Queens are assumed to have had their personal servants, and in the 9th century it is confirmed that Carolingian Queens had an entourage of guards from the nobility as a sign of their dignity, and some officials are stated to belong to the queen rather than the king.


title: Lady-in-waiting

text: In the late 12th century, the Queens of France are confirmed to have had their own household, and noblewomen are mentioned as ladies-in-waiting. During the Middle Ages, however, the household of a European queen consort was normally small, and the number of actually employed ladies-in-waiting, rather than wives of noblemen accompanying their husbands to court, was very small: in 1286, the Queen of France had only five ladies-in-waiting in her employment, and it was not until 1316 that her household was separated from that of the royal children.


title: Lady-in-waiting

text: The role of ladies-in-waiting in Europe changed dramatically during the age of the Renaissance, when a new ceremonial court life, where women played a significant part, developed as representation of power in the courts of Italy, and spread to Burgundy, from Burgundy to France, and to the rest of the courts of Europe. The court of the Duchy of Burgundy was the most elaborate in Europe in the 15th century and became an example for France when the French royal court expanded in the late 15th century and introduced new offices for both men and women to be able to answer to the new renaissance ideal. From small circle of married "Femmes" and unmarried "Filles", with a relatively humble place in the background during the Middle Ages, the number of French ladies-in-waiting were rapidly expanded, divided into an advanced hierarchy with several offices and given an important and public role to play in the new ceremonial court life in early 16th century France. This example was followed by other courts in Europe, when Courts expanded and became more ceremonial during the 16th century, and the offices, numbers and visibility of women expanded in the early modern age.


title: Lady-in-waiting

text: During the late 19th century and the early 20th century, however, most European courts started to reduce their court staff, often due to new economic and political circumstances which made court representation more questionable.


title: Lady-in-waiting

text: The duties of ladies-in-waiting varied from court to court, but functions historically discharged by ladies-in-waiting included proficiency in the etiquette, languages, dances, horse riding, music making, and painting prevalent at court; keeping her mistress abreast of activities and personages at court; care of the rooms and wardrobe of her mistress; secretarial tasks; supervision of servants, budget and purchases; reading correspondence to her mistress and writing on her behalf; and discreetly relaying messages upon command.


title: Lady-in-waiting

text: In the late Middle Ages, when the court of the Emperor no longer moved around constantly, the household of the Empress, as well as the equivalent household of the German princely consorts, started to develop a less fluid and more strict organisation with set court offices.


title: Lady-in-waiting

text: The court model of the Duchy of Burgundy, as well as the Spanish court model, came to influence the organisation of the Austrian imperial court during the 16th century, when the Burgundian Netherlands, Spain and Austria were united through the House of Habsburg. In the early and mid-16th century, the female courtiers kept by female Habsburgs in the Netherlands and Austria was composed of one (Court Mistress) or who served as the principal lady-in-waiting; one or , who was second in rank and deputy of the , as well as being in charge of the (Maids of Honour), also known as , or depending on language (Dutch, French and Austrian German respectively), and finally the "Kamenisters" (Chamber Maids). However, during the tenure of Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress in the mid-16th century, the court of the Empress was organised in accordance with the Spanish court model, and after she left Austria, there was no further household of an Empress until the 1610s. This resulted in a mix of Burgundian and Spanish customs when the Austrian court model was created.


title: Lady-in-waiting

text: In 1619, a set organisation was finally established for the Austrian imperial court, which came to be the characteristic organisation of the Austrian-Habsburg court roughly kept from this point onward. The first rank of the female courtiers was the (Mistress of the Robes), who was second in rank after the Empress herself, and responsible for all the female courtiers. Second rank belonged to the "Ayas", essentially governesses of the imperial children and heads of the children's court. Third in rank was the , who was the replacement of the when necessary, but otherwise had the responsibility of the unmarried female courtiers, their conduct and service. The rest of the female noble courtiers consisted of the (Maid of Honour), unmarried females from the nobility who normally served temporarily until marriage. The could sometimes be promoted to (Maid of Honour of the Chamber). The Austrian court model was the role model for the princely courts in Germany. The German court model in turn became the role model of the early modern Scandinavian Courts of Denmark and Sweden.


title: Lady-in-waiting

text: The Kingdom of Belgium was founded in 1830, after which a royal court was founded, and ladies-in-waiting were appointed for Louise of Orléans when she became the first queen of Belgium in 1832. The female officeholders of the Queen's household were created after the French model and composed of one , followed by several ladies-in-waiting with the title , in turn ranking above the and the .