title: Sara Paxton

text: Paxton has said that singing and acting "went hand in hand" during her early years, though she initially began working as an actress, appearing in musical theater and later in television commercials at a young age. Her first film role was a small role in the 1997 comedy film "Liar Liar." During the late 1990s and early 2000s, she appeared in a number of television and film roles, including voice roles in 15 episodes of the Nickelodeon animated series "SpongeBob SquarePants," a role on the soap opera "Passions," regular roles on the series "Greetings from Tucson" and "Action" and a guest starring role on Disney Channel's "Lizzie McGuire" playing Holly, an ex-president of Lizzie's school.


title: Sara Paxton

text: In 2003, Paxton starred in R. L. Stine's "Haunted Lighthouse," a short 3D film attraction that still plays at several theme parks across the United States. That same year, she appeared as Lana Walker on the "" season two episode "Death Grip." Paxton's first major role was in the teen film "Sleepover," which opened in July 2004 to negative reviews and low box-office revenue. During that same summer season, she appeared in several episodes of "Summerland," playing Sarah Borden, a mentally troubled teen who experimented with drugs and sex with Jesse McCartney's character.


title: Sara Paxton

text: Paxton was subsequently cast in the lead role of the Discovery Kids television series, "Darcy's Wild Life" playing Darcy Fields, a girl who works at a rural veterinary; the series was filmed on a farm in Toronto and aired from 2004-2006, often featuring Paxton's song, "Take a Walk". She received an Emmy nomination for the role in 2006.


title: Sara Paxton

text: In 2005, Paxton spent three months working on the Florida-themed "Aquamarine," in which she played the title character as a mermaid, opposite Emma Roberts and JoJo, whom she befriended while filming. Paxton has said that she felt a sense of "female empowerment" while on set because "almost everyone" on set was female. The film opened on March 3, 2006 and grossed approximately $7.5 million in its opening weekend. Reviewers of the film compared Paxton, whose inspiration is Goldie Hawn, to actress Reese Witherspoon, saying that she has an "infectious, nutty energy." Paxton recorded a song for the film's soundtrack titled "Connected," an English version of the Mexican group RBD's song "Tenerte y Quererte" from their 2004 album "Rebelde." Paxton was signed to a record deal with Epic Records during the time she was cast in "Aquamarine." Her debut music CD, "The Ups and Downs," featuring the titled single "Here We Go Again," was due for release by Epic at some point "in the future"; as of March 2007, Paxton has not completed work on it, and it was presumably shelved.


title: Sara Paxton

text: Paxton hosted "The Secret Life of Water," the first episode of the series "Planet H2O," which premiered in April 2006 on public television stations. The following month, shortly after turning 18, she made an appearance on the television series "Pepper Dennis," playing a teen actress. Paxton then appeared in "Return to Halloweentown," replacing Kimberly J. Brown in the fourth installment in Disney Channel's "Halloweentown" series; she dyed her hair brown for the role. The film aired on October 20, 2006.


title: Sara Paxton

text: During the summer and early fall of 2006, Paxton filmed "," a Lifetime Television film, on Vancouver Island. In the film, she plays Jessie, a college student who falls victim to binge drinking. Paxton described it as "very different" from her previous roles and has specified that she was looking for a role that would be a "challenge". The film aired in March 2007.


title: Sara Paxton

text: Paxton's next film role was in "Sydney White," a college-set comedy starring Amanda Bynes and Matt Long; filming began on February 12, 2007 in Orlando, Florida and the movie was released on September 21, 2007. She next starred in "Superhero Movie," a parody on superhero films which began filming in September 2007 and was released on March 28, 2008. She provided backing vocals on her co-star Drake Bell's theme song for the movie "Superhero! Song."


title: Sara Paxton

text: Paxton starred in the remake of "The Last House on the Left," playing the lead female character, Mari. The film was released on March 13, 2009.


title: Sara Paxton

text: Paxton starred in the CW drama series "The Beautiful Life" alongside Corbin Bleu, Mischa Barton and Elle Macpherson. The show premiered on September 16, 2009, but was cancelled after just two episodes. It later aired online on YouTube.


title: Sara Paxton

text: Paxton next co-starred with Scott Eastwood in the thriller "Enter Nowhere," and also played one of the lead roles in the Ti West film "The Innkeepers".


title: Sara Paxton

text: Paxton starred in the 2011 movie "Shark Night." She then played Mirabella on the ABC Family movie "" in 2013.


title: Sara Paxton

text: In April 2016, it was announced that Paxton had joined the cast of David Lynch's 2017 "Twin Peaks" revival.


title: Sara Paxton

text: In 2018, she co-starred as Donna Rice opposite Hugh Jackman in Jason Reitman's "The Front Runner," a biographical film about politician Gary Hart.


title: Sara Paxton

text: Paxton has a supporting role in Andrew Dominik’s "Blonde" (2022), based on the biographical fiction novel of the same name by Joyce Carol Oates. The film is a fictionalized take on the life and career of actress Marilyn Monroe.


title: Anna Karenina (2012 film)

text: Anna Karenina is a 2012 historical romantic drama film directed by Joe Wright. Adapted by Tom Stoppard from Leo Tolstoy's 1877 novel of the same name, the film depicts the tragedy of Russian aristocrat and socialite Anna Karenina, wife of senior statesman Alexei Karenin, and her affair with the affluent cavalry officer Count Vronsky. Keira Knightley stars in the leading role as Karenina. This is her third collaboration with director Joe Wright following "Pride & Prejudice" (2005) and "Atonement" (2007). Jude Law and Aaron Taylor-Johnson appear as Karenin and Vronsky, respectively. Matthew Macfadyen, Kelly Macdonald, Domhnall Gleeson, and Alicia Vikander appear in key supporting roles.


title: Anna Karenina (2012 film)

text: Produced by Working Title Films in association with StudioCanal, the film premiered at the 2012 Toronto Film Festival. It was released on 7 September 2012 in the United Kingdom and on 9 November 2012 in the United States. "Anna Karenina" earned a worldwide gross of approximately $69 million, mostly from its international run. The film received positive reviews: critics praised the cast, but commented on and criticized the heavily stylized adaptation, and were less enthusiastic with Wright's preference for style over substance and his idea of setting most of the action on a theatre stage.


title: Anna Karenina (2012 film)

text: It earned four nominations at the 85th Academy Awards and six nominations at the 66th British Academy Film Awards, winning Jacqueline Durran both prizes for Best Costume Design. In addition, "Anna Karenina" garnered six nominations at the 17th Satellite Awards, including a Best Actress nod for Knightley and Best Adapted Screenplay for Stoppard.


title: Anna Karenina (2012 film)

text: In the Russian Empire in 1874, Princess Darya, nicknamed "Dolly", banishes her unfaithful husband Prince Stephan "Stiva" Oblonsky. Stiva's sister, Anna Karenina, a socialite living in Saint Petersburg with her older husband Count Alexei Karenin, and son Seryozha, travels to Moscow to persuade Dolly to forgive her brother.


title: Anna Karenina (2012 film)

text: Stiva meets old friend Konstantin "Kostya" Levin, a landowning aristocrat despised by Moscow's elite for preferring the countryside to city life. Levin says he loves Stiva's sister-in-law, Princess Kitty, and Stiva encourages him to propose. Kitty declines as she hopes to marry Count Alexei Vronsky, a wealthy officer. Levin meets his older brother Nikolai, who has renounced his inheritance and lives as man and wife with Masha, a prostitute. Nikolai suggests that Levin should marry a peasant. On the train, Anna meets Vronsky's mother, Countess Vronskaya, isolated by her own infidelities. Anna meets Vronsky and they are instantly attracted to each other. Anna eventually convinces Dolly to take Stiva back. At a ball, Kitty dances once with Vronsky, but throughout the evening he prefers Anna, upsetting Kitty. Vronsky tells Anna he must be wherever she goes.


title: Anna Karenina (2012 film)

text: Back in Saint Petersburg, Vronsky and Anna soon begin to stir gossip. Despite the fact that he has a promotion awaiting him in Tashkent, he refuses it and Anna agrees that she does not want him to leave. They later meet and make love.


title: Anna Karenina (2012 film)

text: Stiva informs Levin that Kitty and Vronsky will not be married. Levin focuses on country life and contemplates marrying a peasant's daughter.


title: Anna Karenina (2012 film)

text: Anna and Seryozha go to the Karenin estate outside Saint Petersburg. Anna visits Vronsky and reveals her pregnancy, and he wants her to leave Karenin. Anna suggests that Karenin come to the horse races but betrays her feelings when Vronsky's horse falls. Afterwards, Anna admits to her husband she is Vronsky's mistress and Karenin says she must renounce him. Levin realises he still loves Kitty. Months later, Anna receives Vronsky. He tells her that his military duties have delayed his visit. Karenin discovers Vronsky visited and steals his letters in order to give himself grounds for a divorce.


title: Anna Karenina (2012 film)

text: Karenin visits Stiva and Dolly to say he is divorcing Anna. They beg him to forgive her, but he refuses. Levin and Kitty, having reunited, announce their love and marry. Anna goes into premature labour and sends for Vronsky, although she later says he could never be the man Karenin is. Karenin returns, believing Anna is dying and forgives her. Anna survives and decides to stay with her husband.


title: Anna Karenina (2012 film)

text: Levin and Kitty return to his estate, where a sickly Nikolai lives with Masha in a storeroom. Levin tells Kitty he will send Masha away so Kitty does not have to meet her, but Kitty ignores societal norms to help Masha nurse Nikolai. Levin's love for Kitty grows.


title: Anna Karenina (2012 film)

text: Anna returns to Saint Petersburg for Seryozha's birthday, but Karenin dismisses her. Anna begins to suspect Vronsky of infidelity. She attends the opera with Princess Myagkaya, an outspoken socialite, but the rest of the audience shun her. Humiliated, Anna retains her poise, only to break down at her hotel. She uses morphine to sleep.


title: Anna Karenina (2012 film)

text: Dolly tells her that Kitty is in Moscow to give birth. Dolly says Stiva's behaviour is unchanged, but she has come to accept and love him.


title: Anna Karenina (2012 film)

text: Vronsky informs Anna he must meet his mother for business. Anna becomes upset when Princess Sorokina brings Vronsky back to his home, as she believes Countess Vronskaya wants Vronsky to marry her. Anna returns to Vronsky's estate. On the train, she imagines Vronsky and Princess Sorokina making love and laughing at her. Arriving at Moscow, Anna says to herself, "Oh God. Forgive me," and jumps under a train. The scene flashes to a shocked Vronsky.


title: Anna Karenina (2012 film)

text: Levin returns home from work to find Kitty bathing their child. Stiva and his family eat with Levin and Kitty. Karenin, retired, is seen at his estate, with Seryozha and Anya playing.


title: Anna Karenina (2012 film)

text: Pip Torrens and Susanne Lothar play Prince Shcherbatsky and Princess Shcherbatskaya, parents to Dolly and Kitty. Alexandra Roach plays Countess Nordston. Holliday Grainger plays an unnamed Baroness. Cara Delevingne has a non-speaking role as the younger Princess Sorokina.


title: Anna Karenina (2012 film)

text: Joe Wright was hired to direct an adaptation of the Leo Tolstoy novel "Anna Karenina", his fourth collaboration with Working Title Films. Wright shot most of his film on a single soundstage, representing a dilapidated theatre, at Shepperton Studios outside London. Italian composer Dario Marianelli composed the film score, while Jacqueline Durran was the costume designer. Sarah Greenwood was in charge of production design. Wright has worked with all three on past productions, including the 2005 film "Pride & Prejudice". Further crew members include cinematographer Seamus McGarvey, editor Melanie Ann Oliver, and choreographer Sidi Larbi Cherkaoui.


title: Anna Karenina (2012 film)

text: The cast includes Keira Knightley as Anna, Jude Law as her husband, Aaron Taylor-Johnson as Vronsky, and Irish actor Domhnall Gleeson as Konstantin Levin, as well as Kelly Macdonald, Olivia Williams, Matthew Macfadyen, Michelle Dockery, and Tannishtha Chatterjee. Saoirse Ronan and Andrea Riseborough were initially cast in the film, but dropped out and were replaced by Alicia Vikander and Ruth Wilson, respectively. Ronan stated that her reasoning behind turning down the role of Kitty was the film's long production schedule. It would have required her to turn down movie roles from autumn 2011 to late spring 2012, to film a supporting role. By turning down the role, she was able to take the lead roles in "Byzantium" and "The Host". "The Borgias" star Holliday Grainger had a minor role as Baroness Shilton.


title: Anna Karenina (2012 film)

text: In July 2011, Keira Knightley began rehearsals, in preparation for principal filming which began later in 2011. Filming began in October 2011. The film was distributed by Focus Features in North America and by Universal Pictures International for international markets. The film was released on 7 September 2012 in the United Kingdom and 9 November 2012 in the United States.


title: Anna Karenina (2012 film)

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 63% based on 193 reviews, with an average rating of 6.5/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "Joe Wright's energetic adaptation of Tolstoy's classic romance is a bold, visually stylized work – for both better and worse." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 63 out of 100, based on 41 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".


title: Anna Karenina (2012 film)

text: Oliver Lyttleton of "The Playlist" awarded the film a B+ and called the picture a "bold reimagining" of the classic novel, comparing Wright's vision to the films of Powell and Pressburger. He noted how Knightley "continues to go from strength to strength" and also praised Law as "excellent". Even though he speculated that "the film is going to divide people enormously", he concluded it was one to "cherish despite its flaws". Ian Freer of "Empire" awarded the film four stars out of five and was effervescent in his praise for Wright and the final result: he said ""Anna Karenina" militantly doesn't want to be just another costume drama; it attacks the heavyweight concerns of Russian literature (hypocrisy, jealousy, faith, fidelity, the pastoral vs. the urban, huge mustaches) with wit and verve; most exciting of all, it is filmmaking of the highest order, channeling every other art form from painting to ballet to puppetry while remaining completely cinematic". He lauded the entire cast for their work yet concluded that "this is really its director's movie".


title: Anna Karenina (2012 film)

text: In "The Observer", Jason Solomons also called Knightley "superb", and declared that the film "works beautifully...[it is] elegant and exciting [and] ...incredibly cinematic". Leslie Felperin of "Variety" was more reserved in her praise for the film, observing that although Wright "knows how to get the best from Knightley" and noting that the film was technically "glorious", it was also "unmistakably chilly" in the storytelling. The "Daily Mirror" singled out Knightley as "excellent" and lauded Wright for "offer[ing] a fresh vision of the Tolstoy classic", concluding the picture to be "with its beautiful cinematography and costumes... a real success".


title: Anna Karenina (2012 film)

text: Others were less impressed with the film and Wright's take on such a classic text. The "Hertfordshire Mercury" conceded that "costumes and art direction are ravishing, and Seamus McGarvey's cinematography shimmers with rich colour", but ultimately found there to be "no obvious method behind this production design madness". Stella Papamichael of "Digital Spy" also awarded the picture only two stars out of five, commenting that "the third time isn't such a charm for director Joe Wright and muse Keira Knightley". Although she found the actress "luminous in the role" she criticised Wright for "outshining" his star and affecting the narrative momentum by "favouring a glossy look over probing insights into a complicated character". Neil Smith of "Total Film" also awarded the film two out of five stars, lamenting the fact that Wright's elaborate stage design "pull[s] the attention away from where it should be... [and] keeps [us] at arm's length, forever highlighting the smoke, mirrors and meticulous stage management that have been pressed into service to make his big idea a reality". He also dismissed Knightley's performance as "less involving" than her "similar" turn in "The Duchess". Richard Brody of "The New Yorker" criticized Wright for diverging from Tolstoy, without adding anything beyond superficialities in return: "Wright, with flat and flavorless images of an utterly impersonal banality, takes Tolstoy's plot and translates it into a cinematic language that's the equivalent of, say, Danielle Steel, simultaneously simplistic and overdone."


title: Acre

text: The acre is a unit of land area used in the imperial and US customary systems. It is traditionally defined as the area of one chain by one furlong (66 by 660 feet), which is exactly equal to 10 square chains, of a square mile, 4,840 square yards, or 43,560 square feet, and approximately 4,047 m, or about 40% of a hectare. Based upon the international yard and pound agreement of 1959, an acre may be declared as exactly 4,046.8564224 square metres. The acre is sometimes abbreviated ac but is usually spelled out as the word "acre".


title: Acre

text: Traditionally, in the Middle Ages, an acre was conceived of as the area of land that could be ploughed by one man using a team of 8 oxen in one day.


title: Acre

text: The acre is still a statutory measure in the United States. Both the international acre and the US survey acre are in use, but they differ by only four parts per million (see below). The most common use of the acre is to measure tracts of land.


title: Acre

text: The acre is commonly used in a number of current and former British Commonwealth countries by custom only. In a few, it continues as a statute measure, although since 2010 not in the UK itself, and not since decades ago in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. In many of those where it is not a statute measure, it is still lawful to "use for trade" if given as supplementary information and is not used for land registration.


title: Acre

text: One acre equals (0.0015625) square mile, 4,840 square yards, 43,560 square feet, or about (see below). While all modern variants of the acre contain 4,840 square yards, there are alternative definitions of a yard, so the exact size of an acre depends upon the particular yard on which it is based. Originally, an acre was understood as a selion of land sized at forty perches (660 ft, or 1 furlong) long and four perches (66 ft) wide; this may have also been understood as an approximation of the amount of land a yoke of oxen could plough in one day (a furlong being "a furrow long"). A square enclosing one acre is approximately 69.57 yards, or 208 feet 9 inches (), on a side. As a unit of measure, an acre has no prescribed shape; any area of 43,560 square feet is an acre.


title: Acre

text: In the international yard and pound agreement of 1959, the United States and five countries of the Commonwealth of Nations defined the international yard to be exactly 0.9144 metre. The US authorities decided that, while the refined definition would apply nationally in all other respects, the US survey foot (and thus the survey acre) would continue 'until such a time as it becomes desirable and expedient to readjust [it]'. By inference, an "international acre" may be calculated as exactly square metres but it does not have a basis in any international agreement.


title: Acre

text: Both the international acre and the US survey acre contain of a square mile or 4,840 square yards, but alternative definitions of a yard are used (see survey foot and survey yard), so the exact size of an acre depends upon the yard upon which it is based. The US survey acre is about 4,046.872 square metres; its exact value ( m) is based on an inch defined by 1 metre = 39.37 inches exactly, as established by the Mendenhall Order of 1893. Surveyors in the United States use both international and survey feet, and consequently, both varieties of acre.


title: Acre

text: Since the difference between the US survey acre and international acre (0.016 square metres, 160 square centimetres or 24.8 square inches), is only about a quarter of the size of an A4 sheet or US letter, it is usually not important which one is being discussed. Areas are seldom measured with sufficient accuracy for the different definitions to be detectable.


title: Acre

text: In October 2019, US National Geodetic Survey and National Institute of Standards and Technology announced their joint intent to end the "temporary" continuance of the US survey foot, mile and acre units (as permitted by their 1959 decision, above), with effect from the end of 2022.


title: Acre

text: The Puerto Rican "cuerda" () is sometimes called the "Spanish acre" in the continental United States.


title: Acre

text: The acre is commonly used in a number of current and former Commonwealth countries by custom, and in a few it continues as a statute measure. These include Antigua and Barbuda, American Samoa, The Bahamas, Belize, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Dominica, the Falkland Islands, Grenada, Ghana, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Jamaica, Montserrat, Samoa, Saint Lucia, St. Helena, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Turks and Caicos, the United Kingdom, the United States and the US Virgin Islands.


title: Acre

text: In India, residential plots are measured in square feet, while agricultural land is measured in acres. In Sri Lanka, the division of an acre into 160 perches or 4 roods is common.


title: Acre

text: In Pakistan, residential plots is measured in (20 = 1 = 500 sq yards) and open/agriculture land measurement is in acres (8 = 1 acre or 4 = 1 acre) and (25 acres = 1 = 200 ), and .


title: Acre

text: Its use as a primary unit for trade in the United Kingdom ceased to be permitted from 1 October 1995, due to the 1994 amendment of the Weights and Measures Act, where it was replaced by the hectare though its use as a supplementary unit continues to be permitted indefinitely. This was with exemption of Land registration, which records the sale and possession of land, in 2010 HM Land Registry ended its exemption. The measure is still used to communicate with the public, and informally (non-contract) by the farming and property industries.


title: Acre

text: Perhaps the easiest way for US residents to envision an acre is as a rectangle measuring 88 yards by 55 yards ( of 880 yards by of 880 yards), about the size of a standard American football field. To be more exact, one acre is 90.75% of a 100-yd-long by 53.33-yd-wide American football field (without the end zone). The full field, including the end zones, covers about .


title: Acre

text: For residents of other countries, the acre might be envisioned as rather more than half of a football pitch.


title: Acre

text: The word "acre" is derived from Old English originally meaning "open field", cognate with west coast Norwegian , Icelandic , Swedish , German , Dutch , Latin , Sanskrit , and Greek (). In English, an obsolete variant spelling was "aker".


title: Acre

text: According to the Act on the Composition of Yards and Perches, dating from around 1300, an acre is "40 perches <nowiki>[</nowiki>rods] in length and four in breadth", meaning 220 yards by 22 yards. As detailed in the box on the right, an acre was roughly the amount of land tillable by a yoke of oxen in one day.


title: Acre

text: Before the enactment of the metric system, many countries in Europe used their own official acres. In France, the was used only in Normandy (and neighbouring places outside its traditional borders), but its value varied greatly across Normandy, ranging from 3,632 to 9,725 square metres, with 8,172 square metres being the most frequent value. But inside the same of Normandy, for instance in pays de Caux, the farmers (still in the 20th century) made the difference between the (68 ares, 66 centiares) and the (56 to 65 ca). The Normandy was usually divided in 4 (roods) and 160 square , like the English acre.


title: Acre

text: The Normandy was equal to 1.6 , the unit of area more commonly used in Northern France outside of Normandy. In Canada, the Paris used in Quebec before the metric system was adopted is sometimes called "French acre" in English, even though the Paris and the Normandy were two very different units of area in ancient France (the Paris became the unit of area of French Canada, whereas the Normandy was never used in French Canada).


title: Acre

text: The German word for acre is . There were many variants of the , differing between the different German territories:


title: Acre

text: Statutory values for the acre were enacted in England, and subsequently the United Kingdom, by acts of:


title: Acre

text: Historically, the size of farms and landed estates in the United Kingdom was usually expressed in acres (or acres, roods, and perches), even if the number of acres was so large that it might conveniently have been expressed in square miles. For example, a certain landowner might have been said to own 32,000 acres of land, not 50 square miles of land.


title: Acre

text: The acre is related to the square mile, with 640 acres making up one square mile. One mile is 5280 feet (1760 yards). In western Canada and the western United States, divisions of land area were typically based on the square mile, and fractions thereof. If the square mile is divided into quarters, each quarter has a side length of mile (880 yards) and is square mile in area, or 160 acres. These subunits would typically then again be divided into quarters, with each side being mile long, and being of a square mile in area, or 40 acres. In the United States, farmland was typically divided as such, and the phrase "the back 40" would refer to the 40-acre parcel to the back of the farm. Most of the Canadian Prairie Provinces and the US Midwest are on square-mile grids for surveying purposes.


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: Sarathkumar Ramanathan (born 14 July 1954) is an Indian actor, politician, filmmaker, and singer. He has acted in more than 130 Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada films. He has won two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards and three Filmfare Awards South.


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: Originally a bodybuilder and later journalist, in 1986, Sarathkumar started his acting career in the Telugu film "Samajamlo Sthree". He first acted in negative roles, and later played supporting roles before establishing himself as a lead actor in subsequent years, earning him the titles "Supreme Star" and "Super Hero" in Tamil cinema.


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: In 2007, he launched a new political party All India Samathuva Makkal Katchi (AISMK) in Tamil Nadu, claiming to carry out the ideals of K. Kamaraj. He is the former Member of Legislative Assembly of Tenkasi constituency. He served as the president of the Nadigar Sangam from 2006 to 2015 for three consecutive terms.


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: R. Sarathkumar was born on 14 July 1954 to Ramanathan and Pushpaleela, a Tamil family in New Delhi. His father Ramanathan worked at the All India Radio before joining the Press Information Bureau of India, while his mother Pushpaleela was a housewife. Sarathkumar is the youngest child in his family, he had two siblings; an elder brother, the late Sudarshan Ramanathan and an elder sister Mallika Kandaswamy. His mother Pushpaleela died on 26 October 2013.


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: Sarathkumar started his schooling at the Raja Muthiah High School, after his family relocated from Delhi to Chennai. He then moved on to the Central School in the Indian Institute of Technology Madras, and finished at St. Patrick's Anglo Indian Higher Secondary School. Being an avid sports enthusiast, he played football, cricket and hockey, representing his school and college teams. He also joined the NCC, becoming an Air Wing Cadet. He was one of the cadets who marched in the Republic Day Parade of 1970. After completing his pre-university levels at Loyola College, he was subsequently graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in mathematics from The New College.


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: He later became a bodybuilder and earned the "Mr. Madras University" title in 1974. He then moved to Bangalore to work for the newly started Tamil newspaper Dinakaran, he started as a cycle boy distributing newspapers to shops and later graduated to become a reporter for the same newspaper. After successfully establishing the circulation, he moved on to Chennai. He shifted his energies towards running his own business, a travel agency in Chennai and meeting Kannadasan who elevated him to become a producer.


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: Sarathkumar made his acting debut in 1986, in the Telugu film "Samajamlo Sthree" at the behest of a producer friend. Sarathkumar was originally cast to play the lead role in "Chinna Poove Mella Pesu" (1987) directed by Robert–Rajasekar but the producers insisted on having one familiar face and he was replaced by actor Prabhu. In 1988, while running his travel agency in Chennai, Sarathkumar got an opportunity to act as well as produce in the Tamil film "Kan Simittum Neram". The film was directed by Kannadasan and he co-starred with Karthik and Ambika.


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: In 1989, R. Sarathkumar was spotted by Raju, the personal make-up man of actor Vijayakanth, who recommended him to the "Pulan Visaranai"s team. Finally, R. Sarathkumar acted as a villain in "Pulan Visaranai" and the film turned out to be a blockbuster. He won a "Cinema Express Award for Best Villain" for his role, which brought him more film offers. In 1990, he teamed up for the second time with Kannadasan for the film "Mr. Karthik", which flopped at the box office. Thereafter, he appeared in antagonist roles in Tamil films such as "Pudhu Padagan", "Velai Kidaichuduchu", "Raja Kaiya Vacha", "Enkitta Mothathe", "Jagathalaprathapan" and in Telugu films such as "Vishnu", "Magaadu" and "Balachandrudu". He acted in few Tamil films in supporting roles such as "Salem Vishnu", "Sirayil Sila Raagangal", "Mounam Sammadham" and "Puriyaadha Pudhir". "Puriyaadha Pudhir" marked the first collaboration with Sarathkumar and director K. S. Ravikumar. He also acted in his first venture as a hero in "Palaivana Paravaigal" under Senthilnathan's direction, who at that time gave consecutive hits. In 1991, he acted in twelve Tamil films and three Telugu films, mostly in supporting roles and four films in lead roles, but he continued to act in few films as a villain. In the start of 1991, he acted in negative roles in the Telugu film "Stuartpuram Police Station", starring Chiranjeevi and Vijayashanti, "Namma Ooru Mariamma", "Vetri Padigal" and "Pudhu Manithan". He acted as a retired military officer in "Chithirai Pookkal" and played the second hero role in the blockbuster film "Captain Prabhakaran". In May 1991, he appeared in lead roles in Senthilnathan's "Kaaval Nilayam" and K. S. Ravikumar's rural drama film "Cheran Pandiyan", and starred as Chiranjeevi's brother in the Telugu film "Gang Leader", the three were commercially successful.


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: In July 1991, he acted in "Archana IAS", co-starring Sithara and acted in the role of the father "Vaidehi Kalyanam". At the end of 1991, he played a small role in the Telugu film "Surya IPS", a negative role in Pavithran's "Vasanthakala Paravai" and starred in a lead role in Senthinathan's "Thangamana Thangachi".


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: In 1992, he has acted in 10 films as protagonist and 2 films as antagonist including the Telugu film "Agreement", directed by Manivannan and P. C. Sreeram's "Meera". In the beginning of 1992, he acted in Senthilnathan's "Ilavarasan", alongside Sukanya, Manivasagam's "Periya Gounder Ponnu" and "Sivantha Malar". In mid-1992, he worked in K. S. Ravikumar's "Oor Mariyadhai", co-starring Sasikala and in Senthilnathan's "Idhuthanda Sattam". He then starred in the action film "Suriyan", directed by Pavithran and it became his first big break. The film won positive reviews and became highly successful at the box office; he received a "Cinema Express Award Best Actor Special Award" for the role in which he shaved his head. Subsequently, Sarathkumar was catapulted to fame, his fan base was growing exponentially and he became selective in accepting new assignments. Soon, he was in competition with "Puratchi Kalaignar" Vijayakanth. In the end of 1992, he acted in the action film "Thai Mozhi", co-starring Vijayakanth and Mohini, "Ellaichami", Manoj Kumar's "Samundi" and Senthilnathan's "Natchathira Nayagan", making their fifth and last collaboration. "Thai Mozhi" was released to mixed reviews and "Samundi", despite unfavourable reviews, managed to run for more than 100 days. In the start of 1993, he acted in "Aadhityan", co-starring Sukanya and Pandiarajan and in "Dasarathan", produced by Mani Ratnam and S. Sriram. "Aadhityan" was released to negative reviews, while the much-hyped "Dasarathan" failed at the box office.


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: In mid-1993, he starred in Suresh Krissna's "Vedan", co-starring Khushbu, in "Munarivippu" alongside Heera Rajagopal and in his fourth collaboration with director K. S. Ravikumar; "Band Master", again with Heera Rajagopal and Ranjitha. "Band Master"released to negative reviews, whereas "Munarivippu" was well received critically.


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: In the end of 1993, he acted in the thriller film "Moondravadhu Kann", he teamed up with the Suriyan team (consisting of director Pavithran, cinematographer Ashok Kumar, comedian Goundamani, villain Babu Antony and the editor duo B. Lenin and V. T. Vijayan) for the second time in "I Love India" and worked in the comedy film "Kattabomman". "Moondravadhu Kann" was a hit at the box office and Kattabomman was labelled as a "disaster", but Malini Mannath of "The New Indian Express" stated that "Sarath seems to have improved on his expressions". His 1992 Telugu film "Agreement" was dubbed into Tamil as "Idhayam Ullavan" and fetched highly negative reviews upon release. Malini Mannath criticised his choice of scripts and films. That year, Sarathkumar could not accept the lead role in Shankar's "Gentleman" because he was busy with other projects and was subsequently replaced by Arjun Sarja. The film turned out be a blockbuster and Sarathkumar missed the chance to consolidate his position.


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: In the start of 1994, he worked in "Aranmanai Kaavalan" and in the bilingual Tamil/Telugu film "Captain", directed by Kodi Ramakrishna. "Aranmanai Kaavalan" was released to positive reviews while "Captain" was released to largely negative reviews and failed at the box office. In mid-1994, he played three roles in "Namma Annachi" and in Manoj Kumar's masala film "Raja Pandi", he played a cameo appearance, as himself in the comedy film "Killadi Mappillai" and he appeared in a guest role for Pavithran's film "Indhu". "Namma Annachi" and "Rajapandi" were released to unfavourable reviews. K. Vijiyan of "New Straits Times" stated for "Namma Annachi": "to do all three roles is just to generate more publicity for Sarath and the movie". His next venture was K. S. Ravikumar's "Nattamai", alongside Meena and Khushbu, in which he played a dual role. The film became a blockbuster and achieved cult status. His performance was highly praised by critics and also fetched him several notable awards, including Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor, Filmfare Award for Best Actor and Cinema Express Award for Best Actor. It was followed by "Magudikkaran" in which he appeared in a guest appearance. After the failure of "Captain" and the success of "Nattamai", R. Sarathkumar decided to focus only on Tamil cinema. The next year, he worked in the village drama "Veluchami", P. Vasu's "Coolie", "Nadodi Mannan" and the crime film "Ragasiya Police". "Veluchami" opened to favourable reviews with K. Vijiyan of "New Straits Times" claiming that "Sarathkumar shows more maturity with his acting". The four films were commercial failures. In 1996, he acted in A. Venkatesh's first film "Mahaprabhu". The film turned out to be a hit. He then starred in the action film "Nethaji", alongside Lisa Ray; the film was a failure at the box office.


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: In 1997, he acted in "Aravindhan", co-starring R. Parthiepan, Nagma and Urvashi. The film failed at the box office. His next venture "Suryavamsam", directed by Vikraman and produced by R. B. Choudary was a blockbuster. He played a dual role in the film. He won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor in Tamil and Cinema Express Award for Best Actor for the second time. In the end of 1997, he acted in the Sundar C. comedy film "Janakiraman" which was a commercial hit. The next year, he played in "Moovendhar", directed by Suraj, Sundar C's assistant director. The film, released to negative reviews, failed at the box office. After "Nattamai", he re-teamed with K. S. Ravikumar in "Natpukkaga", the film was well received critically and turned out to be a blockbuster. R. Sarathkumar won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor for the third time and the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actor for the second time. He made a cameo appearance in Vikraman's "Unnidathil Ennai Koduthen". He then starred in the Telugu film "Preminchanu Nene" and in "Simmarasi", directed by Erode Soundar, K. S. Ravikumar's former dialogue writer. "Simmarasi" was released to unfavourable reviews, but Sarathkumar was praised for his role. In the start of 1999, he acted in R. Chandra's "Chinna Durai", co-starring with Roja. It was followed by "Oruvan", the remake of the Telugu film "Auto Driver", in which Sarathkumar paired with Pooja Batra and teamed up for the second time with the director Suresh Krissna. Usha Gopalakrishnan of "indolink.com" praised Sarathkumar's acting. In the end of 1999, he acted in K. S. Ravikumar's "Paattali".


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: In 2000, he starred in Super Good Films, "Maayi" and made a guest appearance in "Pennin Manathai Thottu". Despite facing controversy, "Maayi" proved to be successful at the box office with a reviewer citing that "In the title role of a totally underplayed character, Sarathkumar surely makes a mark". In the start of 2001, he acted in the action film "Rishi" and went on to appear as himself in "Ullam Kollai Poguthae", both directed by Sundar C. He co-starred with Vikram in "Vinnukum Mannukum", directed by Rajakumaran and produced by R. B. Choudary. The film, released after many troubles and eventually failed at the box office. He then acted in S. A. Chandrasekhar's "Dosth". His next release was K. S. Ravikumar's family drama "Samudhiram"; he acted alongside Murali and Manoj Bharathiraja. Despite negative reviews, the film was a commercial success. The next year, he appeared in "Thenkasi Pattanam", alongside Napoleon and "Samasthanam", alongside Malayalam actor Suresh Gopi, both were two hero-subjects. Sarathkumar's first 2003 release was "Arasu", directed by Suresh, and the film was successful at the box office. However, his second film "Paarai", a remake of the Malayalam film "Mahayanam", directed by K. S. Ravikumar was an average grosser. His third film was "Diwan", directed by Suryaprakash, who previously directed the successful "Maayi". His performance was praised by critics. In the start of 2004, he acted in the action films "Chatrapathy" and "Gambeeram"; both were average grosser. In the making for the last five years, "Maanasthan" was released to average reviews. His next venture "Aai", in which he co-starred with Namitha and Vadivelu, an action masala film, directed by A. Venkatesh, was a decent hit. He was also introduced as a playback singer in "Aai".


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: In 2005, he starred in Hari's "Ayya", alongside newcomer Nayanthara. The film was released on the Pongal weekend to positive reviews and was successful at the box office. Sarathkumar's performance fetched very positive reviews with a reviewer citing: "another splendid performance from Sarathkumar". He appeared in guest appearances in the Telugu film "Bunny" and his wife's production "Githan". The success of A. Venkatesh's "Aai" resulted in the film's team collaborating to make a film in a similar genre, "Chanakya", which also featured Namitha and Vadivelu. The film was a hit at the box office, and marked the A. Venkatesh and Sarathkumar combination's third hit in a row. He signed up for "Khaki" and shooting was in progress. Sarathkumar even tonsured his head for the film, but the film was dropped for some reason.


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: In 2006, he directed and acted in his 100th film "Thalaimagan", produced by his wife Raadhika under the "Radaan Media works" banner. The film failed at the box office. The next year, he starred in Gautham Vasudev Menon's "Pachaikili Muthucharam", which released to positive reviews, but ended up as an average grosser. A critic stated his performance: "as a next-door-family-man, Sarathkumar has excelled". Sarathkumar signed up for a Malayalam film, "Vaitheeswaran", "1977" and a film directed by K. S. Ravikumar. He then played a cameo appearance as himself in Cheran's "Maya Kannadi". Sarathkumar's last 2007 release was "Nam Naadu", a remake of the Malayalam hit "Lion", marking his third collaboration with director Suresh. This was his first film after he launched his own political party in Tamil Nadu. The film, released to largely negative reviews, failed at the box office. In 2008, his only release was the supernatural film "Vaitheeswaran", which was released to negative reviews.


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: In the start of 2009, he acted in the film "1977", donning six different looks. The film, made with a whopping budget of 15 crores, was directed and produced by newcomer G. N. Dinesh Kumar. The film, which released to negative reviews, took an average opening and was declared a flop at the box office. In October 2009, Sarathkumar made his debut in Malayalam through "Pazhassi Raja", in which he co-starred with Mammootty and he played the role of Edachena Kunkan. The historical period film was directed by Hariharan. For the film, Sarathkumar won the Vanitha Film Awards for Best Supporting Actor. After the release of "Pazhassi Raja", Sarathkumar was flooded with offers in Malayalam. "Jaggubhai" was released on 29 January 2010, the film, directed by K. S. Ravikumar, became the tenth collaboration between the director and the actor. The film, facing serious piracy problems before its release, bombed ultimately at the box office. He then made a guest appearance in Madhumitha's comedy film "Kola Kolaya Mundhirika". In the end of 2010, he acted in the Malayalam film "Oridathoru Postman", which was a flop at the box office. In early 2010, he acted in his first Malayalam film "The Metro" as a solo hero, which bombed at the Kerala box office. He appeared in "Christian Brothers", directed by Joshiy, starring alongside Mohanlal, Dileep, and Suresh Gopi. The film was a blockbuster. In mid-2011, Sarathkumar played the role of a transgender person in Raghava Lawrence's "". The film became a commercial success in both Tamil and Telugu, he won for his performance a Vijay Award for Best Supporting Actor.


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: In early 2012, he accepted Soundarya's offer for an important role in the film "Kochadaiiyaan", starring Rajinikanth and Deepika Padukone. He played lead role in the Malayalam film "Achante Aanmakkal" as an IPS officer. He then starred in his first Kannada film "Saarathi", which was a blockbuster, followed by the Telugu film "Genius". The next year, he played the role of a police officer in the Kannada film "Myna". His next venture was "Chennaiyil Oru Naal", a remake of the Malayalam hit film "Traffic" and co-produced by his wife Raadhika Sarathkumar, in which he played the role of a traffic police commissioner. The film became a critical and commercial success. He then appeared in the Telugu film "Chandee", playing the role of a police officer. In the beginning of 2014, he played the role of a CBI officer in "Nimirndhu Nil" and "Janda Pai Kapiraju", which were shot simultaneously in Tamil and Telugu. He then appeared in "India's first photorealistic performance capture film" "Kochadaiiyaan", co-starring Rajinikanth and Deepika Padukone. The film is followed by Malayalam film, "Asha Black" and was simultaneously released in Tamil as "Nee Naan Nizhal".


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: In 2015, he appeared in a Cameo appearance in "I" directed by S. Shankar, and his next "Sandamarutham" in dual roles, directed by A. Venkatesh while Sarathkumar wrote the story and the screenplay was by written crime novelist Rajeshkumar. Then he starred in the Telugu film "Janda Pai Kapiraju". He interprets the role of Sikandar Lodi in the Kannada film "Santheyalli Nintha Kabira". Sarath kumar


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: accumulates films in second roles like "Nenorakam" (2017), "Raajakumara" (2017), "Jaya Janaki Nayaka" (2017). He made his comeback in Tamil cinema as the main lead in the thriller film, "Chennaiyil Oru Naal 2" (2017),a spirit sequel to the 2013 "Chennaiyil Oru Naal". As reviewed by sify.com, "Sarathkumar is the only saving grace, he looks perfect as a stylish police officer and the actor is the main reason to watch the film until the end". For the "Hindu" press, "this is a role that he can perform in his sleep. He is adequate, but the rest of cast, including Napoleon and Suhasini Maniratnam, have nothing to offer, probably because of the weak writing". The film opened to mostly negative reviews. In 2018, he starred in a series of Telugu action movies like "Naa Peru Surya, Naa Illu India", "Bharat Ane Nenu", "Saakshyam" and "Devadas".


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: In his early days as an actor, R. Sarathkumar was considered to be close to All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) supremo Jayalalithaa. However, Sarath's proximity to Jayalalithaa landed him in deep trouble when the film "Nattamai" (1994), which was still running in Tamil Nadu theatres, was aired by Jayalalithaa's television channel JJ TV, using a videotape, which Sarathkumar gave her for personal viewing at her residence. However, this caused a furore in the film industry as the producer R. B. Choudary threatened action against Sarathkumar for misusing a tape given to him for personal viewing. An embarrassed Sarathkumar explained that he was taken by surprise and that he never expected Jayalalithaa to give it to the channel for the telecast. He sought an explanation from both Jayalalitha and JJ TV, but without success. The ruling party reacted predictably, using every forum to attack Sarathkumar. He, in turn, realising that the public was behind him, announced his decision to join hands with Rajinikanth, who supported the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) – Tamil Maanila Congress (TMC) alliance.


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: In 1996, Sarath Kumar entered politics, joining the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK). In 1998, the DMK's leader Karunanidhi asked Sarathkumar to contest the Lok Sabha elections from Tirunelveli. In the election, DMK lost very badly and the alliance could muster only 9 seats compared to the 39 seats it swept in 1996. Even though DMK lost badly in many constituencies, Sarathkumar was defeated by the AIADMK candidate Kadambur R. Janarthanan by a margin of only 6904 votes. In July 2001, the party made him a Rajya Sabha member, but he resigned before the 2006 Assembly elections to join the AIADMK along with his wife Raadhika. In October 2006, his wife Radhika was dismissed from AIADMK for anti-party activities. He also quit AIADMK in November 2006, quoting that his role as president of the South Indian Artistes' Association needed "undivided attention".


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: Sarathkumar launched his own political party the All India Samathuva Makkal Katchi on 31 August 2007. Sarathkumar said: "We are disillusioned by the Dravidian parties, which had done little to develop the state despite being in power for four decades". Just before 2011 Assembly elections, Sarathkumar joined the AIADMK alliance and his party was allotted two seats. His party contested as part of the AIADMK alliance and won in two assembly constituencies – Tenkasi and Nanguneri. Sarathkumar won from Tenkasi and Ernavur A. Narayanan won from Nanguneri. In January 2016, Ernavur A. Narayanan has been expelled from the party for not abiding by the party rules and indulging in anti-party activities. In the 2016 Assembly elections, Sarath Kumar lost in Tiruchendur Constituency to DMK Candidate Anitha R. Radhakrishnan. In November 2017, Sarathkumar said in an interview for The Hindu : "For the last 10 years, I have been closely associated with AIADMK. In fact, I have even been identified as the party's propaganda secretary. Though I don't regret this identification, my party couldn't grow. Now, I want to focus on my party and be seen as a possible Chief Minister candidate".


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: After finishing his studies, Sarathkumar started out as a newspaper boy, managing newspaper circulation before moving on to become a reporter. After establishing Dinakaran in Bangalore, he was called to Chennai to expand their business there.


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: Sarathkumar is now the founder and editor of Media Voice weekly magazine in Tamil. One of the key value propositions that "Media Voice" brings to the table is Sarath's personal interview each month with a news-maker discussing current issues. "Although I am a politician and actor now, the journalist in me is still alive. I love multitasking", said Sarath. The Hindu states: From such humble beginnings, he has learnt to live an inspired life, and is the strong leader that society needs.


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: R. Sarathkumar has been married twice. His first marriage was to Chaya devi in 1984 and the couple had two daughters, Varalaxmi (born 1985) and Pooja (born 1987).


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: While still married to Chaya, Sarathkumar had a highly publicised affair with actress Nagma during the mid-1990s. Sarathkumar and Chaya got divorced in 2000.


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: Sarathkumar was married to actress Raadhika in 2001. They were friends when they worked together in Kargil, they also paired in two films: "Namma Annachi" and "Suryavamsam". The couple has a son named Rahul born in 2004. He has also a stepdaughter named Rayanne Hardy born to his wife Raadhika with her ex-husband Richard Hardy in 1992.


title: R. Sarathkumar

text: His elder daughter Varalaxmi is an actress in the South Indian film industry. His stepdaughter Rayanne Hardy got married with cricketer Abhimanyu Mithun on 28 August 2016.


title: Skyscanner

text: Skyscanner is a metasearch engine and travel agency based in Edinburgh, Scotland. The site is available in over 30 languages and is used by 100 million people per month. The company lets people research and book travel options for their trips, including flights, hotels and car hire.


title: Skyscanner

text: The company was formed in 2003 by three information technology professionals, Gareth Williams, Barry Smith, and Bonamy Grimes, after Gareth was frustrated by the difficulties of finding cheap flights to ski resorts. Skyscanner was first developed and released in 2002. In 2003, the first employee was hired to assist with site development. The Edinburgh office was opened in 2004.


title: Skyscanner

text: In 2008, Skyscanner received first round funding of £2.5 million from venture capital firm Scottish Equity Partners (SEP).


title: Skyscanner

text: In 2011, Skyscanner acquired Zoombu. Skyscanner opened an office in Singapore in September 2011, which is headquarters for its Asia-Pacific operations. In 2012, a Beijing office was added, as Skyscanner began a partnership with Baidu, China's largest search engine.


title: Skyscanner

text: By 2013, the company employed over 180 people. In February 2013, Skyscanner announced plans to open a United States base in Miami. In October 2013, Sequoia Capital purchased an interest in Skyscanner that valued the company at $800 million. In June 2014, Skyscanner acquired Youbibi, a travel search engine company based in Shenzhen, China.


title: Skyscanner

text: In November 2016, a Chinese company Trip.com Group (formerly Ctrip) bought Skyscanner for $1.75 billion. Following the sale to Ctrip, Skyscanner’s largest shareholder, SEP, completed its exit from the business.


title: Skyscanner

text: In 2017, Ctrip bought the Trip.com domain and launched Trip.com. The original platform became a subsidiary of Skyscanner.


title: Skyscanner

text: In 2020, the company announced that they would be laying off 300 employees after COVID-19 rocked the travel industry. This represented 20 per cent of their staff with two offices in Budapest, Hungary and Sofia, Bulgaria, likely to shut down.


title: Skyscanner

text: In 2022, Huawei and Skyscanner forms a partnership to bring various travel services Huawei Mobile Services (HMS) and Petal Search and Petal Maps.


title: Cult following

text: A cult following refers to a group of fans who are highly dedicated to some person, idea, object, movement, or work, often an artist, in particular a performing artist, or an artwork in some medium. The lattermost is often called a cult classic. A film, book, musical artist, television series, or video game, among other things, is said to have a cult following when it has a small but very passionate fanbase. A common component of cult followings is the emotional attachment the fans have to the object of the cult following, often identifying themselves and other fans as members of a community. Cult followings are also commonly associated with niche markets. Cult media are often associated with underground culture, and are considered too eccentric or anti-establishment to be appreciated by the general public or to be widely commercially successful.


title: Cult following

text: Many cult fans express their devotion with a level of irony when describing entertainment that falls under this realm, in that something is so bad, it is good. Sometimes, these cult followings cross the border to camp followings. Fans may become involved in a subculture of fandom, either via conventions, online communities or through activities such as writing series-related fiction, costume creation, replica prop and model building, or creating their own audio or video productions from the formats and characters.


title: Cult following

text: There is not always a clear difference between cult and mainstream media. Professors Xavier Mendik and Ernest Mathijs, authors of "100 Cult Films", argue that the devoted following among these films make them cult classics. In many cases, films that have cult followings may have been financial flops during their theatrical box office run, and even received mixed or mostly negative reviews by mainstream media, but are still considered a major success by small core groups or communities of fans.


title: Cult following

text: Some cults are only popular within a certain subculture. The film "Woodstock" (1970) is especially loved within the hippie subculture, while "Hocus Pocus" (1993) holds cult status among American women born in the 1980s and early 1990s. Certain mainstream icons can become cult icons in a different context for certain people. "Reefer Madness" (1936) was originally intended to warn youth against the use of marijuana, but because of its ridiculous plot, overwhelming number of factual errors and cheap look, it became watched by audiences of marijuana-smokers and has gained a cult following.


title: Cult following

text: Certain television series develop a cult following after their cancellation, which may cause interest in renewal. "Arrested Development", which was cancelled in 2006 after its third season, was renewed by Netflix in 2013 and received two additional seasons. "Futurama" was cancelled in 2003 after its fourth season on Fox, but was later picked up by Comedy Central for an additional three seasons due to the following it had developed, and it is planned to receive more content on the streaming service Hulu. "" was cancelled after three seasons, but in broadcast syndication it gained a more substantial following, ultimately spawning a successful media franchise.


title: Cult following

text: David Lynch's "Twin Peaks" ran on ABC for two seasons from 1990 to 1991, initially garnering high ratings and critical acclaim. However, ratings and reception declined following the reveal of Laura Palmer's murderer, who was left intentionally unknown by Lynch. Eventually, the show was canceled, ending on a cliffhanger. It was not until 2017 that Twin Peaks returned as a limited series on Showtime, ending one of the longest hiatus in television history.


title: Cult following

text: Series often considered cult classics include the long-running BBC science fiction series "Doctor Who", the ITC sci-fi thriller series "The Prisoner", the Australian soap opera "Prisoner: Cell Block H" and the mock animated talk show "Space Ghost Coast to Coast" aired on Cartoon Network, which then spawned many spin-offs and other shows that had a similar sense of humor as "Coast to Coast" when Adult Swim became a block on the network.


title: Cult following

text: Some video games, often those with unique concepts that fail to gain traction with the mainstream audience, attract cult followings and can influence the design of later video games. An example of a cult video game is "Ico" (2001), an initial commercial flop that gained a large following for its unique gameplay and minimalist aesthetics, and was noted as influencing the design of "" (2013) and "Rime" (2017), among other games. Other games that have cult followings include "EarthBound" (1994), another unsuccessful game that later resulted in the creation of a "cottage industry" selling memorabilia to the "EarthBound" fandom, "Conker's Bad Fur Day" (2001), an unusually mature 3D platform game for the Nintendo 64 celebrated for its dark humor and story, "Yume Nikki" (2004), a surreal free-to-play Japanese horror game, "Psychonauts" (2005), an at first unsuccessful platformer that has consistently kept one of the strongest fan followings, (2006), considered to many long time fans of the Hitman (franchise) to be the first and last great Hitman game, despite its outdated controls and gameplay, and not receiving deserved acclaim at the time, "Alan Wake" (2010), an action-adventure game whose story is modeled similar to a thriller television series format and has gained loyal followings despite its underselling, and "" (2012), a critically acclaimed third-person shooter known for its portrayal of the "horrors of war" and the deep psychological impact of armed conflict on soldiers.


title: Cult following

text: One of the earliest cult classics in rock was The Velvet Underground's 1967 debut album, "The Velvet Underground & Nico". While hugely influential, it originally flopped commercially and alienated radio stations, music retailers, and magazines, who found the content too controversial to market. Over the next decade, it received greater recognition from rock critics, who helped make the album more popular. The Zombies' 1968 album "Odessey and Oracle" was also originally a critical and commercial flop, failing to chart despite its single "Time of the Season" becoming a surprise hit the following year. While the Zombies disbanded just before its release, the album's status grew as a cult classic in the following decades. David Bowie's 1970 album "The Man Who Sold the World" also did not impact the record charts on its original release while receiving mixed reviews from critics. After Bowie achieved mainstream success in the early 1970s, its 1972 reissue reached number 24 on the UK Albums Chart, but only 105 in the US. "The Man Who Sold the World"s influence on future musicians, such as The Cure, Siouxsie and the Banshees, and Gary Numan, as well as the dark wave genre, lent it a cult following in the music scene.


title: Cult following

text: Punk rock has produced several albums with cult followings. The Ramones' 1976 self-titled debut album sold poorly and was critically overlooked on release. It was hugely influential on the then-young punk movement, however, and eventually sold well enough to earn a gold sales certification in 2014. The British post-punk band Magazine also released their debut, "Real Life" (1978), to little popular success, reaching only number 29 in the UK. Its subsequent acclaim as an innovative and influential work in the burgeoning post-punk genre earned it a reputation as a cult classic. In 1982, the American hardcore punk band Bad Brains released their self-titled debut exclusively on cassette, struggling to gain an audience in the vinyl-dominated marketplace. The appearance of the single "Pay to Cum" on the compilation album "Let Them Eat Jellybeans!" (1981) helped "Bad Brains" develop a following in the UK, while the album's musical innovation and growing influence later ensured it a cult-classic status among followers of hardcore punk.


title: Cult following

text: Some alternative albums have also developed cult followings. The American industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails released their 1989 debut "Pretty Hate Machine" to modest success on the "Billboard" 200, peaking at number 75. It developed an underground popularity in subsequent years and sold enough to receive a platinum RIAA certification in 1995, becoming one of the first independently released albums to accomplish the feat. Also in 1989, Nirvana's debut album "Bleach" was released to some positive notice from critics, but failed to impact record charts, until the band's massively successful 1991 album "Nevermind" drew further interest to it.


title: Cult following

text: The R&B singer Bilal's second album, "Love for Sale", became a cult classic after leaking in 2006 and being notoriously shelved by Interscope Records. The musically experimental album quickly developed a following and acclaim online, becoming what "The Village Voice" writer Craig D. Lindsey called "the black-music equivalent of Fiona Apple's once-shelved (and also notoriously bootlegged) album "Extraordinary Machine"".


title: Cult following

text: In a unique example, pop singer Carly Rae Jepsen's post-"Call Me Maybe" career has been recognised as a cult success. Her critically acclaimed third studio album "Emotion" in particular has amassed a devoted cult following despite limited commercial success.


title: Cult following

text: Brands can also attain a cult following, sometimes due to prestige like Apple and Supreme, while others like Spam do so for cultural reasons. There are also many cult car brands ranging from Trabant to Ferrari and even specific models like the Fiat 500, Ford Crown Victoria and Toyota AE86 have all spawned dedicated followings within the car enthusiast community.


title: Antonov An-124 Ruslan

text: The Antonov An-124 Ruslan (; ; NATO reporting name: Condor) is a large, strategic airlift, four-engined aircraft that was designed in the 1980s by the Antonov design bureau in the Ukrainian SSR, then part of the Soviet Union (USSR). The An-124 is the world's 2nd heaviest gross weight production cargo airplane and heaviest operating cargo aircraft, behind the destroyed one-off Antonov An-225 Mriya (a greatly enlarged design based on the An-124) and the Boeing 747-8. The An-124 remains the largest military transport aircraft in service.


title: Antonov An-124 Ruslan

text: In 1971, design work commenced on the project, which was initially referred to as "Izdeliye 400" ("Product #400"), at the Antonov Design Bureau in response to a shortage in heavy airlift capability within the Military Transport Aviation Command ("Komandovaniye voyenno-transportnoy aviatsii" or VTA) arm of the Soviet Air Forces. Two separate final assembly lines plants setup for the arcraft, one at Aviastar-SP (ex. Ulyanovsk Aviation Industrial Complex) in Ulyanovsk, Russia and the other was the Kyiv Aviation Plant AVIANT, in Ukraine. Assembly of the first aircraft begun in 1979; the An-124 (which was sometimes referred to as the "An-40" in the West) performed its maiden flight on 24 December 1982. The type made its first appearance in the Western world at the 1985 Paris Air Show. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, commercial operations were quickly pursued for he An-124, leading to civil certification being obtained by Antonov on 30 December 1992. Various commercial operators opted to purchase the type, often acquiring refurbished ex-military airlifters or stored fuselages rather than new-build aircraft.


title: Antonov An-124 Ruslan

text: By July 2013, 26 An-124s were reportedly in commercial service while a further ten airlifters were on order. During 2008, it was announced that Russia and Ukraine were to jointly resume production of the type. At one point, it looked as if Russia would order 20 new-build airlifters. However, in August 2014, it was reported that the planned resumption of manufacturing had been shelved due to the ongoing political tensions between Russia and Ukraine. The sole remaining production facility is Russia's Aviastar-SP in Ulyanovsk. The various operators of the An-124 are in discussions with respect to the continuing airworthiness certification of the individual An-124 planes. The original designer of the An-124 is responsible for managing the certification process for its own products, but the Russia-Ukraine conflicts are making this process difficult to manage. In 2019, there were 26 An-124s in commercial service.


title: Antonov An-124 Ruslan

text: During the 1970s, the Military Transport Aviation Command ("Komandovaniye voyenno-transportnoy aviatsii" or VTA) arm of the Soviet Air Forces had a shortfall in strategic heavy airlift capacity. Its largest aircraft consisted of about 50 Antonov An-22 turboprops, which were used heavily for tactical roles. A declassified 1975 CIA analysis concluded that the USSR did "...not match the US in ability to provide long-range heavy lift support." Soviet officials sought not only additional airlifters, a substantial increase in payload capacity was also desirable so that the same task could be completed with fewer trips.


title: Antonov An-124 Ruslan

text: In 1971, design work on the project commenced at the Antonov Design Bureau; the lead designer of the An-124 (and the enlarged An-225 derivative) was Viktor Tolmachev. During development, it was known as "Izdeliye 400" ("Product #400") in house, and "An-40" in the West. The design produced broadly resembled the Lockheed C-5 Galaxy, an American strategic airlifter, but also incorporated numerous improvements, the greater use of carbon-fibre composites in its construction (comprising around 5% of the aircraft's total weight) and the more extensive use of titanium being amongst these benefits. Aluminium alloys make up the primary material used in its construction, limited use of steel and titanium alloys were also made. Unlike the C-5, it lacks a fully-pressurised cargo bay or the ability to receive fuel in-flight.


title: Antonov An-124 Ruslan

text: In 1973, the construction of the necessary facilities to produce the new airlifter began. Two separate final assembly lines plants were established to produce the airlifter: the company Aviastar-SP (ex. Ulyanovsk Aviation Industrial Complex) in Ulyanovsk, Russia and by the Kyiv Aviation Plant AVIANT, in Ukraine. Furthermore, the programme used components, systems, and various other elements drawn from in excess of 100 factories across the Eastern world. In 1979, manufacturing activity on the first airframe began.


title: Antonov An-124 Ruslan

text: On 24 December 1982, the type performed its maiden flight. Three years later, the An-124 made its first appearance in the Western world when an example was displayed at the 1985 Paris Air Show. Following the fall of the Soviet Union, commercial operations of the An-124 became an increasingly important area of activity; to this end, civil certification was sought for the type by Antonov; this was issued on 30 December 1992.


title: Antonov An-124 Ruslan

text: Sales of the An-124 to various commercial operators proceeded throughout the 1990s and into the mid 2000s; many of these were former military aircraft that were refurbished by Antonov prior to delivery, or unfinished fuselages that had been preserved, rather than producing new-build aircraft. During the early 2000s, the cargo operator Volga-Dnepr opted to upgrade its An-124 freighter fleet, these works included engine modifications to conform with chapter four noise regulations, various structural improvements that increased service life, and numerous avionics and systems changes to facilitate four person operations, reducing the crew needed from six or seven.


title: Antonov An-124 Ruslan

text: During April 2008, it was announced that Russia and Ukraine had agreed to resume the production of the An-124 in the third quarter of 2008. One month later, a new variant — the An-124-150 — was announced; it featured several improvements, including a maximum lift capacity of 150 tonnes. However, in May 2009, Antonov's partner, the Russian United Aircraft Corporation announced it did not plan to produce any An-124s in the period 2009–2012. During late 2009, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev ordered production of the aircraft resumed; at this point, Russia was expected to procure 20 new-build An-124s. In August 2014, Jane's reported that, Russian Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade Yuri Slusar announced that production of the An-124 had been stopped as a consequence of the ongoing political tensions between Russia and Ukraine.


title: Antonov An-124 Ruslan

text: In late 2017, multiple An-124s were upgraded by the Aviastar-SP plant in Ulyanovsk, Russia, three of which were reportedly scheduled to return to flight during the following year. As Russia–Ukraine relations continued to sour, Antonov begun to source new suppliers while also pushing to westernize the An-124. During 2018, the American engine manufacturer GE Aviation was studying reengining it with CF6s for CargoLogicAir, a Volga-Dnepr subsidiary. It was believed that this would likely provide a range increase; as Volga-Dnepr Group operated 12 aircraft, the change would imply purchasing between 50 and 60 engines with spares. The Russian engine specialist Aviadvigatel also indicated that a further development of its PD-14, which was intended for use on an upgraded model of the Russian-manufactured An-124, designated PD-35, generated 50% more power than the present Ukrainian Progress D-18T engines.


title: Antonov An-124 Ruslan

text: During January 2019, Antonov revealed its plans to restart production of the An-124 without support from Russia.


title: Antonov An-124 Ruslan

text: At MAKS Air Show in 2017, the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI) announced its An-124-102 Slon (Elephant) design to replace the similar An-124-100. The design was detailed in January 2019 before wind tunnel testing scheduled for August–September. It is intended to be produced at the Aviastar-SP factory in Ulyanovsk. It should transport over (up from ), or over at . The Russian MoD wants a range of with five Sprut-SDM-1 light tanks, their 100 crew and 300 armed soldiers.


title: Antonov An-124 Ruslan

text: The planned An-124-102 is larger at 82.3 m (270 ft) long from , with a span versus and high compared with . A new higher aspect ratio, composite wing and a airframe would allow a gross weight. It should be powered by Russian PD-35s developed for the CR929 widebody, producing up from . Two fuselages are planned, one for Volga-Dnepr with a width of from the An-124's , and one for the Russian MoD of wide to carry vehicles in two lines.


title: Antonov An-124 Ruslan

text: On 5 November 2019, the TsAGI released pictures of a long and wide model, ahead of windtunnel testing. On 26 March 2020, TsAGI released new pictures of a wind tunnel model, announcing that the researchers of the Institute had completed the first cycle of aerodynamic testing; the results confirmed the characteristics laid down during preliminary studies.


title: Antonov An-124 Ruslan

text: The Antonov An-124 Ruslan is a large, strategic airlift, four-engined aircraft. Externally, it bears numerous similarities to the American Lockheed C-5 Galaxy, having a double fuselage to allow for a rear cargo door (on the lower fuselage) that can open in flight without affecting structural integrity. The An-124 has a slightly shorter fuselage, has a slightly greater wingspan, and is capable of carrying a 17 percent larger payload. In place of the C-5's T-tail, the An-124 is furnished with a conventional empennage, similar in design to that of the Boeing 747. Many of the flight control surfaces, such as the slats, flaps, and spoilers, closely resemble or are identical that that of the C-5, the An-124 benefits from a fly-by-wire control system. This is a hybrid control system as it also implements conventional mechanical controls for some aspects; these have been arranged in a manner that provides redundancy against the failure of a single hydraulic circuit.


title: Antonov An-124 Ruslan

text: A single An-124 is capable of carrying up to of cargo internally in a standard military configuration; it can also carry 88 passengers in an upper deck behind the wing centre section. The forward area of this upper deck is where the flight deck and the crew area accommodated; movement between the upper and lower decks is via a pair of foldable internal ladders. The cargo compartment of the An-124 is , ca. 20% larger than the main cargo compartment of the C-5 Galaxy, which is . Largely due to the limited pressurisation of its main cargo compartment (24.6 kPa, 3.57 psi), the airlifter has seldom been used to deploy paratroopers or to carry passengers, as they would typically require oxygen masks and cold-weather clothing in such conditions. In comparison, the upper deck is fully pressurised. The floor of the cargo deck is entirely composed of titanium, a measure that is usually prohibited by the material cost. It is suitable for carrying almost any heavy vehicle, including multiple main battle tanks.


title: Antonov An-124 Ruslan

text: The An-124 is powered by four Lotarev D-18 turbofan engines, each capable of generating up to 238–250 kN of thrust. To reduce the landing distance required, thrust reversers are present. Pilots have stated that the airlifter is relatively light on the controls and is easy to handle for an aircraft of its size. A pair of TA18-200-124 auxiliary power units (APUs) are accommodated within the main landing gear fairings. As a consequence of the heat and blast effects produced by these APUs, some airports require pavement protection to be deployed. The landing gear of the An-124 is outfitted with an oleo strut suspension system for its 24 wheels. This suspension has been calibrated to allow for landing on rough terrain and is able to kneel, which allows for easier loading and unloading via the front cargo door. Other features intended to ease loading including an onboard overhead crane in the cargo deck, capable of lifting up to 30 tonnes, while items up to 120 tonnes can be winched on board. Two separate radar units are typically present, one is intended for ground mapping and navigation purposes, while the other is for weather.


title: Antonov An-124 Ruslan

text: During the 2000s, Germany headed an initiative to lease An-124s for NATO strategic airlift requirements. Two aircraft were leased from SALIS GmbH as a stopgap until the Airbus A400M became available. Under NATO SALIS programme NAMSA is chartering six An-124-100 transport aircraft. According to the contract An-124-100s of Antonov Airlines and Volga-Dnepr are used within the limits of NATO SALIS programme to transport cargo by requests of 18 countries: Belgium, Hungary, Greece, Denmark, Canada, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, United Kingdom, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Finland, France, Germany, Czech Republic and Sweden. Two An-124-100s are constantly based on full-time charter in the Leipzig/Halle airport, but the contract specifies that if necessary, two more aircraft will be provided at six days' notice and another two at nine days' notice. The aircraft proved extremely useful for NATO especially with ongoing operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.


title: Antonov An-124 Ruslan

text: United Launch Alliance (ULA) contracts the An-124 to transport the Atlas V launch vehicle from its facilities in Decatur, Alabama to Cape Canaveral. ULA also uses the An-124 to transport the Atlas V launch vehicle and Centaur upper stage from their manufacturing facility in Denver, Colorado to Cape Canaveral and Vandenberg Space Force Base. Two flights are required to transfer each launch vehicle (one for the Atlas V main booster stage and another for the Centaur upper stage). It is also contracted by Space Systems Loral to transport satellites from Palo Alto, CA to the Arianespace spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana and by SpaceX to transport payload fairings between their factory in Hawthorne, California and Cape Canaveral.


title: Antonov An-124 Ruslan

text: By late 2020, three civil operators of the An-124 remained. Antonov Airlines with seven aircraft, Volga-Dnepr Airlines with 12, and Maximus Air Cargo with one. In November 2020, Volga-Dnepr reported that it was indefinitely grounding its fleet of An-124 aircraft to inspect the 60 engines (including spares) following the 13 November 2020 unconfined engine failure at Novosibirsk. As of 29 December 2020, the first Volga-Dnepr An-124-100 was back in service.


title: Antonov An-124 Ruslan

text: , five accidents with An-124 hull-losses have been recorded involving a total of 97 fatalities, including:


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: Mitchell David Trubisky (born August 20, 1994) is an American football quarterback for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at North Carolina and was drafted second overall by the Chicago Bears in the 2017 NFL Draft.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: Trubisky saw some early success with the Bears, leading the team to a NFC North division title in his second season while being selected to the Pro Bowl. He left the team via free agency in 2021, and signed with the Buffalo Bills as a backup to Josh Allen. Trubisky joined the Steelers as a free agent in 2022. He started the team's first four games before being benched for Kenny Pickett.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: Trubisky was born in Mentor, Ohio, on August 20, 1994. He attended Mentor High School where he played for the Cardinals football team. During his high school football career, he passed for 9,126 yards and 92 touchdowns and rushed for 1,559 career yards and 33 touchdowns. He was the recipient of the Ohio Mr. Football Award in 2012. Trubisky committed to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to play college football under head coach Larry Fedora.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: Trubisky redshirted for his first year at North Carolina in 2013. He played in ten games as a backup to starter Marquise Williams in 2014. He made his collegiate debut in relief of Williams against the Liberty Flames in a 56–29 victory. In the game, he was 10-of-16 for 66 yards with one touchdown and one interception. He threw his first career touchdown to tight end Jack Tabb in the third quarter.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: Trubisky appeared in North Carolina's bowl game at the end of the season against the Rutgers Scarlet Knights. In the 2014 Quick Lane Bowl, he was 7-of-9 for 65 yards and a touchdown, which was a pass to receiver Kendrick Singleton, in the 40–21 loss to the Scarlet Knights. For his freshman season he completed 42-of-78 passes for 459 yards, five touchdowns, and four interceptions.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: As a sophomore, Trubisky again served as the backup to Williams, appearing in nine games in the 2015 season. He made his season debut against the North Carolina A&T Aggies. In the game, he was 5-of-7 for 37 yards and a touchdown. In addition, he had a 35-yard rushing touchdown in the 53–14 victory. He had a career day against the Delaware Fightin' Blue Hens on September 26. He was 17-of-20 for 312 yards and four touchdowns in the 41–14 victory. He made an appearance in the ACC Championship Game against the Clemson Tigers, completing a single pass for 16 yards. For the season, he completed 40-of-47 passes for 555 yards and six touchdowns and rushed 16 times for 101 yards and three touchdowns.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: As a junior, Trubisky took over as the starting quarterback in 2016. He started in all 13 games in the 2016 season. In the season-opening 33–24 loss to the Georgia Bulldogs, he was 24-of-40 for 156 yards. He added three rushes for seven yards and one touchdown. In the following week against the Illinois Fighting Illini, he had 265 passing yards and two touchdowns. In addition, he had nine rushes for 42 yards and two rushing touchdowns in the 48–23 victory. Two weeks later against the Pittsburgh Panthers, he had a career-day through the air. He was 35-of-46 for 453 yards and five touchdowns in the 37–36 victory. On November 5, against the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets, he had his first career reception, which was for eight yards. In the 2016 Sun Bowl against the Stanford Cardinal, he was 23-of-39 for 280 yards, two touchdowns, and two interceptions in his final collegiate game, a 25–23 loss. He recorded 3,748 passing yards with 30 touchdowns and six interceptions in his junior season. As a result of his successful junior season, he was named a member of the third-team All-ACC. Trubisky decided to forgo his senior season and declared for the 2017 NFL Draft on January 9, 2017, opting to give up his final year of college eligibility.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: Coming out of college, Trubisky was projected to be a first-round pick by the majority of scouts and analysts.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: ESPN and Pro Football Focus ranked Trubisky the second best quarterback, NFLDraftScout.com ranked him as the top quarterback in the draft, and "Sports Illustrated" ranked him the fourth best quarterback available.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: Trubisky was drafted by the Chicago Bears in the first round with the second overall pick in the 2017 NFL Draft. He was the highest-selected quarterback in the draft The Bears moved up from the third overall pick by trading the San Francisco 49ers two third-round picks and a fourth-round pick.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: During the 2017 preseason, Trubisky recorded the third-highest passer rating of the 29 quarterbacks with at least 50 passes with 106.2, along with three touchdowns and no interceptions. Despite his strong preseason, he was named the backup to Mike Glennon for the 2017 regular season.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: After the Bears started the season with a 1–3 record, head coach John Fox benched Glennon and Trubisky was named the starter for Week 5. Trubisky made his first regular season start on October 9, 2017, against the Minnesota Vikings, where he completed 12-of-25 passes for 128 yards, a touchdown, and an interception, as the Bears lost 20–17 on "Monday Night Football". His first career touchdown was a 20-yard pass to tight end Zach Miller. In his next start, he completed 8-of-16 passes, including a touchdown and a critical completion in overtime that set up a game-winning field goal in a 27–24 win over the Baltimore Ravens. During Week 7 against the Carolina Panthers, Trubisky was limited to 107 passing yards, but with the defense forcing three turnovers and two defensive touchdowns, the Bears won by a score of 17–3.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: In Week 12, Trubisky completed 17 for 33 passes for 147 yards and two interceptions en route to a 31–3 loss against the Philadelphia Eagles. The following week, Trubisky completed 12-of-15 passes for 102 yards and a touchdown against the San Francisco 49ers, but a late field goal by Robbie Gould lifted the 49ers to a 15–14 victory. During Week 14, however, he completed 25-of-32 passes for 271 yards and a touchdown to seal a 33–7 blowout win over the Cincinnati Bengals, snapping a five-game losing streak as well as posting a 112.4 passer rating. In Week 15, he struggled against the Detroit Lions; despite finishing with 314 passing yards and a touchdown, he also threw three interceptions as the Bears lost 20–10. In the next game, a 20–3 victory over the Cleveland Browns, Trubisky threw for 193 yards; increasing his season passing yard total to 2,015, the most by a rookie in Bears history. In the regular season finale, a 23–10 loss to the Minnesota Vikings, he had 178 passing yards and no interceptions.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: Trubisky ended his rookie season with a 4–8 record in 12 starts, seven touchdown passes, and seven interceptions. He also ran for 248 yards, the most by a Bears quarterback since Kordell Stewart in 2003.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: Fox was fired after the 2017 season and was replaced by Kansas City Chiefs offensive coordinator Matt Nagy, who expressed an interest in working with Trubisky after the two met prior to the 2017 draft. General manager Ryan Pace made it an off-season priority to build the Bears' offense around Trubisky, the team signed wide receivers Allen Robinson and Taylor Gabriel and tight end Trey Burton over the 2018 off-season. Despite Trubisky having a slow start to the 2018 regular season in which he threw just two touchdown passes in the first three games, the Bears managed a 2–1 start through the first three weeks.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: Success came in week 4 against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers: he completed 19-of-26 passes for 354 yards, threw for six touchdowns (five in the first half), and got a passer rating of 154.7. Chicago won by a score of 48–10; the six touchdowns were one short of the Bears franchise record set by Sid Luckman in 1943. Trubisky became the first Bears quarterback to throw five touchdowns in a half since Johnny Lujack in 1949, and he was the second player in NFL history to have five different players catch a touchdown pass in a game since Aaron Rodgers of the 2014 Green Bay Packers against the Bears. He was named the FedEx Air Player of the Week for his performance.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: After a Week 5 bye, in Week 6 against the Miami Dolphins, Trubisky threw for 316 yards, three touchdowns, and one interception in the 31–28 overtime loss. In Week 7, in a loss to the New England Patriots that saw his potential game-tying Hail Mary pass to Kevin White be caught one yard short of the end zone, Trubisky threw for 333 yards, two touchdowns, and two interceptions, while also rushing for 81 yards and a touchdown. On the touchdown run, from the Patriots' eight-yard line, he faced pressure that forced him to retreat horizontally across the field before running forward for the score; while it is officially an eight-yard touchdown run, he ran a distance of 71.91 yards on the play. The following week, he hit Tarik Cohen for a 70-yard touchdown in the first quarter, ending the day with 220 yards in the win over the New York Jets. In Week 9, against the Buffalo Bills, his output was low but the Bears victory was assisted with four takeaways and two defensive touchdowns. In Week 10 against the Detroit Lions, Trubisky threw for 355 yards and three touchdowns, and rushed for 18 yards and a touchdown, in their 34–22 victory against the division rival. His performance again earned him NFC Offensive Player of the Week.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: In a victory over the Minnesota Vikings during Week 11, Trubisky threw a touchdown and two interceptions for 165 yards, but suffered a shoulder injury delivered by Vikings' safety Harrison Smith on a late hit, which caused him to miss the Bears' next two games. Trubisky made his return in Week 14 against the Los Angeles Rams and threw for 110 yards, one touchdown, and three interceptions. His touchdown pass was a two-yard pass to offensive lineman Bradley Sowell. Despite his struggles, the Bears defense made four interceptions off Rams quarterback Jared Goff and won by a score of 15–6. In Week 15, Trubisky threw for 235 yards and two touchdowns in a 24–17 win over the Green Bay Packers. The win also clinched the NFC North division for the Bears for the first time since 2010.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: In December, Trubisky was named an alternate to the 2019 Pro Bowl. During the Week 16 win over the San Francisco 49ers, Trubisky completed 25 of 29 passes for 246 yards and a touchdown for a completion percentage of 86.2, the highest by a Bears quarterback with at least 20 passes since 1950. He also became the sixth quarterback in Bears history to record 3,000 passing yards in a season. After 163 yards in the season finale victory over the Minnesota Vikings, he ended the regular season with 3,223 passing yards, 24 touchdowns, and 12 interceptions; he also rushed for 421 yards (fifth among quarterbacks) and three touchdowns. He tied the team record for most 300-passing-yard games in a season with four, while also setting a franchise-high of games with a passer rating higher than 120 as he had four.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: He received an overall grade of 63.6 from Pro Football Focus in 2018, which ranked as the 33rd highest grade among all qualifying quarterbacks.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: In the against the Philadelphia Eagles, Trubisky rebounded from nearly throwing two interceptions in the second quarter to completing 13 of 20 passes for 198 yards and a touchdown to Robinson in the second half. On the Bears' final drive of the game, with 48 seconds remaining and his team trailing 16–15, Trubisky led a 33-yard drive that featured a 25-yard pass to Robinson. However, Cody Parkey's potential 43-yard game-winning field goal failed – off the post and then crossbar – and resulted in a Chicago defeat. Trubisky ended his playoff debut having completed 26 of 43 passes for 303 yards, one touchdown, and a passer rating of 89.6; the yards and completions set franchise postseason records, while Trubisky became the youngest Bears quarterback to throw a touchdown pass in the playoffs since Doug Flutie in 1986.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: On January 21, 2019, he was officially declared a Pro Bowl participant in place of the Super Bowl-bound Jared Goff. He became the first Bears quarterback since Jim McMahon in 1986 to be named to the Pro Bowl.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: In Week 1 against the Green Bay Packers, Trubisky threw for 228 yards for zero touchdowns and one interception. He finished the game completing 26 out of 45 pass attempts with a quarterback rating of 62.1 as the Bears lost 10–3. The following week against the Denver Broncos, Trubisky threw 16 times for 120 yards, including a 25-yard completion on fourth down to wide receiver Allen Robinson with only eight seconds in the game that set up a 53-yard game-winning field goal by kicker Eddy Piñeiro. In Week 3 against the Washington Redskins, Trubisky recorded his first touchdown pass of the year on a three-yard throw to Taylor Gabriel; the pair recorded two more touchdowns during the second quarter. Trubisky ended the 31–15 Bears victory with 231 passing yards, three touchdowns, and one interception as the Bears won 31–15. In Week 4 against the Minnesota Vikings, Trubisky injured his shoulder after being tackled by Danielle Hunter in the first quarter. He was relieved by Chase Daniel who led the Bears to a 16–6 win. On October 20, the Bears ruled Trubisky active ahead of their game against the New Orleans Saints. In the game, Trubisky threw for 251 yards and two touchdowns in the 36–25 loss.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: In Week 9 against the Philadelphia Eagles, Trubisky threw for 125 yards in the 22–14 loss. The Bears' offense generated nine total yards in the first half as the team suffered their fourth consecutive loss, which led to continued talk about Trubisky's hold on the Bears' quarterback position both in the short and long term. In Week 10 against the Detroit Lions, Trubisky threw for 173 yards and three touchdowns in the 20–13 win. In Week 11 against the Los Angeles Rams on "Sunday Night Football", Trubisky threw for 190 yards, one touchdown, and one interception. He suffered a hip pointer while being sacked by Michael Brockers and was benched late in the fourth quarter for Daniel in the 17–7 loss.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: Trubisky played his first Thanksgiving career game in Week 13 against the Detroit Lions; in the game, he threw for 338 yards, three touchdowns including the game-winning score, and an interception in the 24–20 win. He was subsequently named FedEx Air Player of the Week. The following week against Dallas Cowboys, Trubisky rebounded from throwing an opening-drive interception at the Cowboys' one-yard line by recording 244 passing yards, three touchdown passes, and 63 rushing yards, including a 23-yard rushing touchdown on a read option play as the Bears won 31–24. In Week 15, against the Green Bay Packers, he passed for 334 yards, one touchdown, and two interceptions in the 21–13 loss. This loss, coupled with a Vikings' victory over the Los Angeles Chargers, eliminated the Bears from playoff contention. Overall, in the 2019 season, Trubisky recorded 3,138 passing yards, 17 passing touchdowns, and ten interceptions to go along with 48 carries for 193 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: On March 31, 2020, the Bears traded for Jacksonville Jaguars quarterback Nick Foles and announced an "open competition" for starting quarterback between Trubisky and Foles. On May 2, the Bears declined Trubisky's fifth-year option. Trubisky and Foles battled for the starting position during the offseason, and Nagy named Trubisky the starter prior to the 2020 season opener.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: In the season opener against the Detroit Lions, Trubisky started off slow as he completed eight passes on 20 attempts for 110 yards in the first half, while the Bears trailed 23–6 entering the fourth quarter. During the final period, he saw marked improvement with eight of ten passes completed for 89 yards and three touchdowns, scoring 21 unanswered points as the Bears came back for the 27–23 victory. Trubisky attributed the late-game success to the Lions' switch to man-to-man defense, explaining in his press conference that "when [the Lions] got down to the wire, they're going to play what they trust most and that's man for them. And we knew that."


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: The following week against the New York Giants, Trubisky completed 13 of 18 passes for 159 yards and a pair of touchdowns in the first half as the Bears pulled ahead 17–0. However, he had just five of ten completions for 31 yards and two interceptions in the second, with the Giants nearly coming back before Chicago held on for the 17–13 victory.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: The Bears benched Trubisky during the Week 3 game against the Atlanta Falcons after falling into a 16-point deficit. Foles replaced Trubisky and led the Bears to a 30–26 comeback victory. Trubisky completed 13 of 22 passes for 128 yards, one touchdown, and one interception prior to being benched. Foles was officially named the starter a day after the game.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: Trubisky briefly saw action in Week 8 against the New Orleans Saints as a Wildcat formation quarterback, recording a three-yard run on a drive that ended with a field goal. The idea to integrate Trubisky for such plays began development shortly after his benching, with Nagy explaining in his post-game conference that it was "a weapon for us to be able to use his legs, then obviously be able to throw the ball, as well. That's something that we're looking at. Every game could be a little bit different, but it's something that teams have to prepare for." However, he suffered an injury to his throwing shoulder on the play, deactivating him for the following week's game.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: On November 27, the Bears announced Trubisky as the starter for their Week 12 game against the Green Bay Packers on "Sunday Night Football" due to Foles dealing with a hip injury. During the game, he completed 26-of-46 passes for 242 yards, three touchdowns and two interceptions, while also losing a fumble that was returned for a touchdown in the 41–25 loss. Trubisky completed 26 of 34 passes for 267 yards and one touchdown in the following game against Detroit, but he lost a fumble within his team's ten-yard line with less than two minutes remaining, leading to the Lions' game-winning touchdown.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: The Week 14 game against the Houston Texans was preceded by media coverage focusing on Trubisky's selection in the 2017 draft ahead of eventual Texans quarterback Deshaun Watson; an ESPN.com article published during the week was headlined, "Bears fans will watch Texans' Deshaun Watson outplay Mitchell Trubisky and wonder what could have been". Trubisky went 24 of 33 for 267 yards, three touchdowns, and a season-best 126.7 passer rating to help the Bears lead 30–7 at halftime and win 36–7.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: In Week 16 against the Jacksonville Jaguars, Trubisky threw for 265 yards, two touchdowns, and one interception and rushed for another touchdown during the 41–17 win. Overall, Trubisky appeared in ten games in the 2020 season. He finished with 2,055 passing yards, 16 touchdowns, and eight interceptions.


title: Mitchell Trubisky

text: During the , Trubisky completed 19 of 29 passes for 199 yards and one touchdown as the New Orleans Saints defeated the Bears 21–9. Despite the defeat, Trubisky won the online voting for the NVP, or Nickelodeon Valuable Player, which was the target of an online ballot stuffing campaign during the game's broadcast on Nickelodeon.