title: Crash Bandicoot

text: In November 2013, rumours began circulating that Sony bought the rights to the franchise from Activision. Speculations were fueled after the release of PlayStation 4's #4ThePlayers campaign, featuring a road sign with a silhouette of "Crash", and an arrow pointing towards the orange diamond logo of Sony Computer Entertainment. Publications such as IGN reported that "Crash" was removed from Activision's official website, which seemed to add further credibility to the rumor. However, shortly after, this was proven false, as an Activision representative told "Game Informer" that "[Activision still owns] "Crash Bandicoot" and we continue to explore ways in which we could bring the beloved series to life".


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: In July 2014, Sony Computer Entertainment CEO Andrew House revealed that reviving the "Crash Bandicoot" series was something that they have been thinking about, saying "It's never off the table.", and Naughty Dog also revealed through an IGN interview the possibility that they may revive both series of "Crash Bandicoot" as well as "Jak & Daxter". In January 2015, however, Naughty Dog's Josh Scherr stated in an interview with Game Informer that Naughty Dog did not miss working on either series and had no intention of bringing them back to life. Despite this, Naughty Dog co-president Evan Wells stated that the company would love to return to "Crash Bandicoot" but did not see it as viable.


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: On December 5, 2015, rumors of a possible "Crash Bandicoot" return flared up once again when SIE Worldwide Studios Chairman and SCEA President and CEO Shawn Layden appeared onstage at PlayStation Experience wearing a Crash Bandicoot shirt. Layden, however, never mentioned the series at the event, and has yet to address why he wore the shirt. In February 2016, a new "Crash" game appeared to be on the horizon when NECA Director of Product Development Randy Falk stated in an interview with YouTuber Pixel Dan that the company had "a lot of stuff going on with Sony" before mentioning that "I see they're bringing Crash Bandicoot back, so there's some great stuff there." Shortly after, however, an NECA representative clarified with GameSpot that Falk's comments were misunderstood, and that Falk was only speaking of a hypothetical return of the series after seeing a fan-made Crash art just before being interviewed.


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: Naughty Dog's 2016 game "" features protagonist Nathan Drake playing a level from the original "Crash Bandicoot", further adding to the rumor that a return for the series was imminent. Speculation was fueled even further when it was discovered that Activision's legal ownership of the franchise was not mentioned anywhere in the game's credits, sparking rumors that the franchise had been purchased by Sony. Lex Lang, the then-most-recent voice actor of Dr. Neo Cortex, also hinted on Facebook that he was asked to reprise his role. However, shortly after, the rumors and speculations were derailed when Sony VP of Publisher Relations Adam Boyes confirmed on Twitter that Activision still owns the rights to the franchise, and Lang clarified that he was not teasing a "Crash Bandicoot" revival, and that he had not been asked to return to the series, but would be open to potentially lending his voice to a new "Crash" game in the future.


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: At E3 2016 during Sony's press conference, after years of rumors, speculation and outcry, Crash Bandicoot finally made his official return when it was announced, in a timed partnership with Activision, that the first three games from the original PlayStation would be remade from the ground up. Crash would also be a playable character in Activision's then-upcoming toys-to-life game "", released on October 16, 2016. It was announced at Gamescom 2016 that Dr. Neo Cortex would also be playable in "Imaginators", and that a "Crash"-themed level was created for the game, "Thumpin' Wumpa Islands". The "Crash Bandicoot N. Sane Trilogy", a collection of remasters of the first three games in the series, was developed by Vicarious Visions and released for the PlayStation 4 on June 30, 2017. Vicarious Visions had also expressed interest in making a new "Crash Bandicoot" game following the "N. Sane Trilogy"s release. Two additional levels were added as post-launch downloadable content, and the "N. Sane Trilogy" was eventually ported to the Nintendo Switch, Xbox One, and Microsoft Windows on June 29, 2018 with assistance from "Skylanders" developer Toys for Bob.


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: During an interview with Metro Game Central, Vicarious Visions producer Kara Massie refused to rule out the possibility of a remaster of "Crash Team Racing" for the PlayStation 4. Massie has also acknowledged that she was repeatedly asked about revivals of "Crash Team Racing" and "Spyro the Dragon" by fans. At the time, Massie had not confirmed if the games would be in the works following the release of "N. Sane Trilogy". A remake of "Crash Team Racing" was teased on December 4, 2018 when then-PlayStation Access presenter Hollie Bennett shared an image of two orange fuzzy dice on Twitter, with an announcement to come two days later at the 2018 Game Awards. The remaster, titled "Crash Team Racing Nitro-Fueled", was formally revealed at the awards show and released on June 21, 2019 for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Nintendo Switch with no current plans for a PC version. The remaster was developed from the ground up by Beenox, another subsidiary of Activision, and also incorporates remastered characters, tracks & karts from "Crash Nitro Kart" (previously developed by Vicarious Visions) as well as remastered characters, karts, and skins from "Crash Tag Team Racing". The game also features retro-themed content exclusive to the PlayStation 4 version and monthly timed Grand Prix races with additional unlockable characters at no extra charge.


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: On June 21, 2020, the official "Crash Bandicoot" social media channels posted a teaser revealing the title of the next "Crash Bandicoot" game, ""; the game was released for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on October 2, 2020, and for Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 5, and Xbox Series X and Series S on March 12, 2021. "", an endless running game for Android and iOS, was announced in July 2020, after soft launching on Android in select regions in Southeast Asia on April 22, 2020 under the title "Crash Bandicoot Mobile". The game, developed and published by King in collaboration with Activision, was released on March 25, 2021.


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: In December 2022, multiplayer game "Crash Team Rumble" was announced for the PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S, at The Game Awards. The game is set for a 2023 release.


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: "Crash Bandicoot" is primarily a platforming series. The goal of each level is to guide Crash from the beginning to the end, travelling either into the screen, towards the player or left and right in a side-scrolling manner. Several levels place Crash in unique situations which require the use of motorbikes, jet skis, submarines and various wild animals to complete the level.


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: In the original "Crash Bandicoot", Crash's move-set is rather limited; he can run, jump and spin his way through treacherous environments and hostile creatures. "" introduces several new moves for Crash to utilize, including a high jump, high spin jump, body slam and slide attack. "" expands on this by awarding the player with new abilities after each boss is defeated, which was carried over to "The Wrath of Cortex". The player can also spin and slide at the same time when pressing the right buttons.


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: The most common collectible in the series is Wumpa Fruit, which is found on the main path of most levels, as well as inside most crates. Collecting 100 Wumpa Fruits will award the player an extra life. Wumpa Fruit takes on other uses in most spin-off titles, such as restoring health in certain "Crash Bash" levels and increasing weapon power in "Crash Team Racing". In recent titles, Wumpa Fruit is used to replenish Crash's health, with Mojo effectively replacing it as the new main collectible item. By collecting Aku Aku masks, Crash can be protected from harm from most enemies and obstacles (though certain elements such as bottomless pits will cause him to lose a life regardless). Crash can collect up to two masks for two extra hits of damage, with an additional mask granting him temporary invincibility. When Crash collects two masks, Aku Aku will turn gold in most games; however, in "Crash Twinsanity", Aku Aku will sparkle.


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: The other major recurring valuables Crash finds on his adventures include Gems and Crystals. Most Gems in the series are won by breaking open every crate in a level. Starting with "Cortex Strikes Back", an additional five colored Gems can be obtained by completing special tasks or finding hidden areas. "Crash Twinsanity" contains six colored Gems per level, most of which are earned by solving a small puzzle. Crystals, which play a key role in the plot of most "Crash" games following "Cortex Strikes Back", are usually required to make progress through most games. Relics, first introduced in "Warped", are earned in Time Trial modes, with more valuable relics earned for higher times. In the original game, players can also obtain two keys after completing two Cortex bonus rounds, which are used to unlock two extra levels.


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: Crates come in several varieties and can be found in abundance across Crash's world. Most crates will assist the player's journey through the game, providing Wumpa Fruit, additional hit points in the form of Aku Aku masks and extra lives. In most games, players will be awarded a gem if they break all the crates in a level.


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: TNT and Nitro Crates are the only boxes that can damage Crash. TNT Crates have a three-second fuse when jumped on, but Nitro Crates will explode instantly upon any contact with Crash or anything else that runs into them. Switch Boxes (distinguished by an exclamation mark) are used to make previously invisible crates appear. A green Switch Box will detonate all Nitro Crates in the level.


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: Crates marked with a "C" are checkpoints that Crash will return to if he is killed during play. Locked Crates are protected by a metal casing that can only be destroyed with Crash's body slam move, while Spring Crates allow him to reach high up areas by bouncing on them. Slot Boxes rapidly switch between multiple types of crates, and if they are not broken in time, will become metallic and indestructible. Time Boxes are a special crate found exclusively in Time Trial mode. They will freeze the clock for the number of seconds displayed on the box, increasing the player's chance of beating the time trial.


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: The original "Crash Bandicoot" uses a fairly linear structure in which Crash clears through levels on a map, with some areas accessible by locating gems. Beginning with "Cortex Strikes Back", the game usually takes place in a hub world called a Warp Room, with levels divided up into sets of five. To progress, the player must find and collect a Crystal within each of the stages, which can be played in any order, before facing the boss of each room. From "Twinsanity" onwards, the games took a more free-roaming approach, with Crash travelling various areas on foot.


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: Numerous composers have contributed music to the "Crash Bandicoot" series. Mutato Muzika's Josh Mancell was responsible for the music of the first four games. After the fourth game, numerous other composers were responsible for the music in other games. Steve Duckworth composed music for "Crash Bash", Andy Blythe and Marten Joustra for "The Wrath of Cortex", Ashif Hakik and Todd Masten for "Crash Nitro Kart" and Spiralmouth composing a cappella for "Twinsanity". The music for "Tag Team Racing" was composed by both Spiralmouth and Marc Baril, while "Crash of the Titans" and "Mind Over Mutant" were composed by Baril alone.


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: The first four "Crash Bandicoot" games were developed by Naughty Dog. "Bash" was developed by Eurocom. "" and "Twinsanity" were developed by Traveller's Tales and its division Traveller's Tales Oxford, respectively. "" ("Crash Bandicoot XS" in Europe), "", "Nitro Kart", "" ("Crash Bandicoot Fusion" in Europe) and "N. Sane Trilogy" have all been developed by Vicarious Visions. "Tag Team Racing", "Crash of the Titans" and "Mind over Mutant" were developed by Radical Entertainment. "Boom Bang!" was developed by Dimps. "Team Racing Nitro-Fueled" was developed by Beenox. "" was developed by Toys for Bob.


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: The first five "Crash" titles were published worldwide by Sony Computer Entertainment and produced by Universal Interactive Studios. "Wrath of Cortex" up until "Twinsanity" were published by Universal Interactive (now the defunct Vivendi Games). "Tag Team Racing", "Boom Bang!" and "Crash of the Titans" were published by Sierra Entertainment. All games since "Mind over Mutant" have been published by Activision.


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: From "Wrath of Cortex" until "Nitro Kart", Konami handled publishing and distribution for the Japanese market and also co-published the worldwide release of "The Wrath of Cortex" for PS2. The Japanese versions of "N. Sane Trilogy" were published by Sony Interactive Entertainment for PS4 and by Sega of Japan for Nintendo Switch; Sega subsequently handled "Team Racing Nitro-Fueled" for Japan as well.


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: In 1998, Coro Coro Comics developed a manga series titled "Crash Bandicoot—Dansu! de Jump! na Daibōken", loosely based on the events of "". The series was drawn and produced by Ari Kawashima, with only two manga volumes being published to date, leaving the total number of comics unknown.


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: During the production of "Crash Bandicoot", a pair of cutscenes featuring hand-drawn animation were produced by Universal Animation Studios to serve as the game's intro and outro, as well as act as source material for a potential animated series if the game was well-received and commercially successful. The hand-drawn cutscenes were dropped after Sony Computer Entertainment picked up "Crash Bandicoot" for publication, as Sony desired to push the PlayStation's 3D polygonal graphics. The cutscenes were uploaded to YouTube by producer David Siller in 2015.


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: In 2007, The Animation Picture Company produced four web-short films, to promote the game "Crash of the Titans", titled "Crash Bandicoot: No Use Crying", "Crash Bandicoot Monster Truck", "Crash Bandicoot – Titan Idol" and "Crash Bandicoot – Have Another", all lasting for about three minutes. These are available for free download on the Xbox 360 video service or are available to watch on the web, originally available for viewing on the "Crash Bandicoot" official website.


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: Crash also makes a guest appearance in the "Skylanders Academy" animated series. At the end of the episode "The Skylands Are Falling!", due to the actions of the Skylanders, Crash is inadvertently pulled through a dimensional rift while battling Cortex, ending up in the Skylands. The episode "Crash Landing" features Crash allying with Spyro and the Skylanders to recover the dark relic needed to return him to the Wumpa Islands. Crash's appearance in "Skylanders Academy" differs from his appearance in "Skylanders: Imaginators", but unlike other appearances, he is capable of speaking full sentences with an Australian accent. The third season of "Skylanders Academy" brought the character back starring Rhys Darby, who replaces Eric Rogers due to stepping down as a showrunner. Crash returned in the episode "Days of Future Crash", in which Dark Spyro and Eruptor brought him to the future for different reasons, messing up their timeline in the process. After retrieving a new time travel device, they sent him home. Crash appeared again in the season finale, "Raiders of the Lost Arkus, Part II", where he and Coco (voiced by Tara Strong) were brought from the Wumpa Islands by the Skylanders and Flynn to stop Kaos from destroying the Core of Light. Coco's appearance in the series seems to be a combination of her "Titans" and "Mind over Mutant" design: like Crash, she also speaks in an Australian accent and seems to not only be capable of building her own weapons but able to control technology to the point of utilizing a thought-controlled boomerang in battle.


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: On January 13, 2021, test footage from a scrapped Crash Bandicoot series was leaked on Reddit. The series would have been a co-production between Activision and Amazon Studios. The series was allegedly canceled due to a script dispute.


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: The earliest-known bandicoot fossil from the Miocene of Australia has been given the binomial "Crash bandicoot".


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: The "Crash Bandicoot" series has been a commercial success. As of 2007, the series altogether has sold over 40 million units worldwideand grossed over $1 billion. According to Gamasutra, the first "Crash Bandicoot" game had sold 6.8 million units as of November 2003, making it the tenth-best-selling PlayStation game of all time. "Cortex Strikes Back" sold 3.85 million units in the U.S., while "Warped" sold 3.74 million. The last 2 games on the PlayStation console, "Crash Team Racing" and "Crash Bash", sold 1.9 and 1.1 million units in the U.S., respectively. "Crash Bandicoot: The Wrath of Cortex" has sold 1.56 million units in the U.S.


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: On February 12, 2019, Activision announced in a press release for its "4th quarter and 2018 Financial Results", that "N. Sane Trilogy" has sold-in over 10 million units since its initial release in 2017.


title: Crash Bandicoot

text: The "Crash Bandicoot" series is one of the few Western video game series to find blockbuster success in Japan. "Cortex Strikes Back" and "Warped" sold 1.3 and 1.4 million units in the country, respectively, while the PlayStation 2 version of "Wrath of Cortex" sold 212,000 units.


title: Demonym

text: A demonym (; ) or gentilic () is a word that identifies a group of people (inhabitants, residents, natives) in relation to a particular place. Demonyms are usually derived from the name of the place (hamlet, village, town, city, region, province, state, country, continent, planet, and beyond). Demonyms are used to designate all people (the general population) of a particular place, regardless of ethnic, linguistic, religious or other cultural differences that may exist within the population of that place. Examples of demonyms include "Cochabambino", for someone from the city of Cochabamba; French for a person from France; and "Swahili", for a person of the Swahili coast.


title: Demonym

text: Since they are referring to territorially defined groups of people, demonyms are semantically different from ethnonyms (names of ethnic groups). In the English language, there are many polysemic words that have several meanings (including demonymic and ethnonymic uses), and therefore a particular use of any such word depends on the context. For example, the word "Thai" may be used as a demonym, designating any inhabitant of Thailand, while the same word may also be used as an ethnonym, designating members of the Thai people. Conversely, some groups of people may be associated with multiple demonyms. For example, a native of the United Kingdom may be called a "British person", a "Briton" or, informally, a "Brit".


title: Demonym

text: Some demonyms may have several meanings. For example, the demonym "Macedonians" may refer to the population of North Macedonia, or more generally to the entire population of the region of Macedonia, a significant portion of which is in Greece. In some languages, a demonym may be borrowed from another language as a nickname or descriptive adjective for a group of people: for example, "Québécois", "Québécoise (female)" is commonly used in English for a native of the province or city of Quebec (though "Quebecer", "Quebecker" are also available).


title: Demonym

text: Often, demonyms are the same as the adjectival form of the place, e.g. "Egyptian", "Japanese", or "Greek".


title: Demonym

text: English commonly uses national demonyms such as "Ethiopian" or "Guatemalan", while the usage of local demonyms such as "Chicagoan", "Okie" or "Parisian" is less common. Many local demonyms are rarely used and many places, especially smaller towns and cities, lack a commonly used and accepted demonym altogether. Often, in practice, the demonym for states, provinces or cities is simply the name of the place, treated as an adjective; for instance, "Kennewick Man" or "Kentucky State Police".


title: Demonym

text: "National Geographic" attributes the term "demonym" to Merriam-Webster editor Paul Dickson in a work from 1990. The word did not appear for nouns, adjectives, and verbs derived from geographical names in the Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary nor in prominent style manuals such as the "Chicago Manual of Style". It was subsequently popularized in this sense in 1997 by Dickson in his book "Labels for Locals". However, in "What Do You Call a Person From...? A Dictionary of Resident Names" (the first edition of "Labels for Locals") Dickson attributed the term to George H. Scheetz, in his "Names' Names: A Descriptive and Prescriptive Onymicon" (1988), which is apparently where the term first appears. The term may have been fashioned after "demonymic", which the "Oxford English Dictionary" defines as the name of an Athenian citizen according to the deme to which the citizen belongs, with its first use traced to 1893.


title: Demonym

text: Several linguistic elements are used to create demonyms in the English language. The most common is to add a suffix to the end of the location name, slightly modified in some instances. These may resemble Late Latin, Semitic, Celtic, or Germanic suffixes, such as "-(a)n", "-ian", "-anian", "-nian", "-in(e)", "-a(ñ/n)o/a", "-e(ñ/n)o/a", "-i(ñ/n)o/a", "-ite", "-(e)r", "-(i)sh", "-ene", "-ensian", "-ard", "-ese", "-nese", "-lese", "-i(e)", "-i(ya)", "-iot", "-iote", "-k", "-asque", "-(we)gian", "-onian", "-vian", "-ois(e)", or "-ais(e)".


title: Demonym

text: It is much rarer to find Demonyms created with a prefix. Mostly they are from Africa and the Pacific, and are not generally known or used outside the country concerned. In much of East Africa, a person of a particular ethnic group will be denoted by a prefix. For example, a person of the Luba people would be a Muluba, the plural form Baluba, and the language, Kiluba or Tshiluba. Similar patterns with minor variations in the prefixes exist throughout on a tribal level. And Fijians who are indigenous Fijians are known as Kaiviti (Viti being the Fijian name for Fiji). On a country level:


title: Demonym

text: Demonyms may also not conform to the underlying naming of a particular place, but instead arise out of historical or cultural particularities that become associated with its denizens. In the United States such demonyms frequently become associated with regional pride such as the burqueño of Albuquerque, or with the mascots of intercollegiate sports teams of the state university system, take for example the sooner of Oklahoma and the Oklahoma Sooners.


title: Demonym

text: Since names of places, regions and countries (toponyms) are morphologically often related to names of ethnic groups (ethnonyms), various ethnonyms may have similar, but not always identical, forms as terms for general population of those places, regions or countries (demonyms).


title: Demonym

text: Literature and science fiction have created a wealth of gentilics that are not directly associated with a cultural group. These will typically be formed using the standard models above. Examples include "Martian" for hypothetical people of Mars (credited to scientist Percival Lowell), "Gondorian" for the people of Tolkien's fictional land of Gondor, and "Atlantean" for Plato's island Atlantis.


title: Demonym

text: Other science fiction examples include "Jovian" for those of Jupiter or its moons and "Venusian" for those of Venus. Fictional aliens refer to the inhabitants of Earth as "Earthling" (from the diminutive "-ling", ultimately from Old English "-ing" meaning "descendant"), as well as "Terran", "Terrene", "Tellurian", "Earther", "Earthican", "Terrestrial", and "Solarian" (from "Sol", the sun).


title: Demonym

text: Fantasy literature which involves other worlds or other lands also has a rich supply of gentilics. Examples include "Lilliputians" and "Brobdingnagians", from the islands of Lilliput and Brobdingnag in the satire "Gulliver's Travels".


title: Demonym

text: In a few cases, where a linguistic background has been constructed, non-standard gentilics are formed (or the eponyms back-formed). Examples include Tolkien's "Rohirrim" (from Rohan), the "Star Trek" franchise's "Klingons" (with various names for their homeworld), and the Sangheili from the "Halo" franchise, (also known as Elites in the game by humans, as well as players) named after their homeworld of Sanghelios.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: Tyler Jeffrey Dillashaw (born February 7, 1986) is an American professional mixed martial artist who competed in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), where he is a former two-time UFC Bantamweight Champion.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: Dillashaw competed on the . In 2014, he won the UFC Bantamweight Championship by dethroning Renan Barão, who was on a 32-fight unbeaten streak. Dillashaw lost the title to Dominick Cruz by split decision in 2016 before regaining it against Cody Garbrandt in 2017. He was later stripped of the belt in 2019 after testing positive for a banned substance, erythropoietin, in the drug tests for his UFC Flyweight Championship bout against Henry Cejudo. He received a two-year suspension and made his comeback in 2021, challenging for the bantamweight championship again in 2022 before retiring.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: Dillashaw was born in Sonora, California, to Hal and Janice Dillashaw. He grew up in Angels Camp, California.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: While wrestling for Coach Jan Schulz at Bret Harte High School, Dillashaw was a four-time sectional qualifier and two-time California Interscholastic Federation (CIF) state qualifier. As a junior, Dillashaw placed fifth at the CIF state championships, and ended the season with a record of 45–7. He placed second at the CIF State championships as a senior to cap off a 52–6 record and finished with an overall record of 170–33.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: With a successful high school career, Dillashaw received a full-ride scholarship to wrestle for Cal State Fullerton Titans. In the 2005–06 season, Dillashaw's freshman year, he posted a 14–16 record including a 10–8 mark in dual matches. He went 3–4 in Pac-10 dual meets. Dillashaw traveled to Ukraine in the summer of 2006 to work on his wrestling skills. Dillashaw's sophomore season was a more successful one having an overall record of 17–14 with an 11–4 mark in duals, including 5–3 in the Pac-10. In April 2007, he placed sixth in the University Greco Wrestling Championships in Akron, Ohio, at 132.25 pounds.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: After graduating from California State University, Fullerton in 2009 with a Bachelor of Science in kinesiology, Dillashaw contemplated turning to MMA. Mark Muñoz coached at Cal St. Fullerton for 3 years, while competing in the UFC middleweight division and invited Dillashaw to join the Reign Training Center fighter class at the conclusion of his senior year. After training with Team Reign for a year and a half, Munoz encouraged Dillashaw to move up north closer to his hometown of Angels Camp, CA to Team Alpha Male in Sacramento, CA. Dillashaw began training with Team Alpha Male, and collected a 2–0 amateur record before turning pro.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: On March 26, 2010, Dillashaw made his professional debut against fellow pro debutant, Czar Sklavos. Dillashaw used his superior wrestling to earn a dominant unanimous decision win. Two months later, Dillashaw returned to fight Brandon Drucker, winning the fight via first round submission. The fight took place at Fight For Wrestling, an MMA event located in California attempting to raise money to fund the Cal Poly wrestling team.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: In 2011, Dillashaw signed with the Ultimate Fighting Championship to compete on . In the first episode, he fought Matt Jaggers to gain entry into the "Ultimate Fighter" house. Dillashaw defeated Jaggers in the first round via TKO.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: Dillashaw was selected as a part of Team Bisping, he was the second bantamweight chosen for the team (seventh overall). Dillashaw defeated Roland Delorme via rear naked choke submission in the preliminary round and moved onto the semi-finals. It was there he fought Dustin Pague for the first spot in the bantamweight final on the finale card. Dillashaw dominated Pague, grinding out three tough rounds to win the fight via unanimous decision (30–26, 30–27, 30–26).


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: Dillashaw officially made his UFC debut on December 3, 2011, in Las Vegas, Nevada at The Ultimate Fighter 14 Finale. The fight was the final of the bantamweight tournament against John Dodson to determine the winner of The Ultimate Fighter 14. Dillashaw lost via TKO.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: Dillishaw's sophomore outing came on February 15, 2012, at UFC on Fuel TV 1 against Walel Watson. Dillashaw dominated Watson using his superior wrestling to control him on the ground, while nearly ending the fight several times with multiple submission attempts. Dillashaw won the bout via unanimous decision (30–25, 30–25, 30–26).


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: Dillashaw fought Vaughan Lee on July 11, 2012, at . He won the fight by submission via a standing neck crank in the first round.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: Dillashaw was expected to face Mike Easton on December 8, 2012, at UFC on Fox 5. However, Dillashaw was forced out of the bout with an injury and replaced by Bryan Caraway.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: Dillashaw faced Issei Tamura on March 16, 2013, at UFC 158. Dillashaw won via knock-out 26 seconds into the second round.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: Dillashaw faced Hugo Viana on April 20, 2013, at UFC on Fox 7, replacing an injured Francisco Rivera. He won the fight via TKO in round one.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: Dillashaw was briefly linked to a bout with Raphael Assunção on September 4, 2013, at UFC Fight Night 28. The fight was delayed due to Assunção suffering a minor medical issue.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: The bout was rescheduled and took place on October 9, 2013, at UFC Fight Night 29. Assunção defeated Dillashaw via split decision. The back and forth action earned both the participants "Fight of the Night" honors.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: Dillashaw faced Mike Easton on January 15, 2014, at UFC Fight Night 35. He won the fight via unanimous decision.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: Dillashaw was expected to face Takeya Mizugaki on May 24, 2014, at UFC 173. However, with the show losing its main event, Dillashaw was moved up the card to face Bantamweight champion and top 5 pound for pound Renan Barão in the featured bout. In one of the biggest upsets in UFC and MMA history, Dillashaw won the fight in dominant fashion, defeating Barão via TKO in the fifth round to become the new UFC Bantamweight champion. In addition to winning the title, Dillashaw received bonuses for "Fight of the Night" and "Performance of the Night".


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: An immediate rematch with Barão was scheduled to take place on August 30, 2014, at UFC 177. However, the day of the weigh-ins, Barão had to be admitted to the hospital as a result of his attempts to cut weight and was replaced by Joe Soto who was already scheduled to compete in a fight on the event's preliminary card. Dillashaw defeated Soto via knockout in the fifth round. The win also earned Dillashaw his second consecutive "Performance of the Night" bonus award.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: A rematch with Barão was rescheduled and was expected to take place on April 25, 2015 at UFC 186. However a month before the event, Dillashaw was forced out of the bout after sustaining a broken rib while training.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: The rematch eventually took place at UFC on Fox 16 on July 25, 2015. Dillashaw won the fight via TKO in the fourth round to retain his title. He also earned a "Performance of the Night" bonus.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: Dillashaw faced former champion Dominick Cruz on January 17, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 81 He lost the bout and the title via split decision. Both participants were awarded "Fight of the Night" honors.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: A rematch with Raphael Assunção took place on July 9, 2016 at UFC 200. He won the fight via unanimous decision.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: Dillashaw faced John Lineker on December 30, 2016 at UFC 207. He won via a dominant unanimous decision, wherein the bout was scored a 30-26 in favour of Dillashaw by all three judges.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: In January 2017, the UFC announced that Dillashaw would be one of the coaches, opposite current UFC Bantamweight champion (and former Team Alpha Male teammate) Cody Garbrandt on , with the pairing expected to face each other on July 8, 2017 at UFC 213. However the bout was scrapped on May 23 after Garbrandt sustained a back injury. The bout was rescheduled and eventually took place on November 4, 2017 at UFC 217. Dilashaw won the fight via knockout in the second round to regain the UFC Bantamweight Championship. This win also earned Dillashaw his fifth Performance of the Night bonus award.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: Dillashaw faced Cody Garbrandt in a rematch for the UFC Bantamweight Championship on August 4, 2018, at UFC 227. He defeated Garbrandt in the first round by way of TKO. This win earned him the Performance of the Night award.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: Dillashaw was initially scheduled to face Henry Cejudo on January 26, 2019 at UFC 233 for the UFC Flyweight Championship. However, after that pay-per-view event was cancelled, the fight was moved a week earlier to headline UFC Fight Night 143 on January 19, 2019. Dillashaw lost the fight via TKO just 32 seconds into the first round.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: On March 20, 2019, Dillashaw announced that he would be voluntarily relinquishing the UFC bantamweight championship after USADA and the New York State Athletic Commission (NYSAC) found adverse findings following his bout against Henry Cejudo. Dillashaw received a 12-month suspension from the NYSAC, retroactive to January 19, 2019, the date of his bout against Cejudo.On April 9, it was announced Dilllashaw had been suspended for two years by USADA (an additional suspension to what was given by the NYSAC) due to testing positive for recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) prior to the Henry Cejudo bout. He became eligible to return on January 19, 2021.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: On April 12, Dillashaw broke his silence over the drug test failure and UFC suspension with a post on Instagram, acknowledging that he had used a banned substance and stated that the decision was his alone, and that what he "really [felt] bad about" was the bad light he brought upon his coaches, family and teammates by association. He also said his use of EPO was limited to the Cejudo fight and said that USADA had retested all of the samples from his prior drug tests to confirm this.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: After the two-year hiatus due to his USADA suspension, Dillashaw was scheduled to face Cory Sandhagen on May 8, 2021 at UFC on ESPN 24. However, Dillashaw announced on April 27 that he had to pull out of the fight due to a cut he received from a headbutt in training. The pair was rescheduled and served as the main headliner for on July 24, 2021. Dillashaw won the fight via split decision. The decision was seen as somewhat controversial, with many fans, fighters, and media members expressing their belief that Sandhagen won the bout. 17 of 23 media outlets scored the bout as a victory for Sandhagen. During the fight, Dillashaw suffered a knee injury which kept him out of action over the next year.


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: Dillashaw faced Aljamain Sterling for the UFC Bantamweight Championship on October 22, 2022 at UFC 280, attempting to become UFC champion for a record-tying third time. Dillashaw, who was hampered by a dislocated shoulder from early on in the bout, lost the fight via technical knockout in round two. In his post-fight speech, Dillashaw admitted that he had come into the fight with an ongoing shoulder problem, saying "I probably dislocated it 20 times in training camp."


title: T.J. Dillashaw

text: Dillashaw married Rebecca, in June 2014. In October 2015, Dillashaw left Team Alpha Male and moved his camp to Denver, Colorado, to train with his head coach, former UFC fighter Duane Ludwig.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: A Streetcar Named Desire is a play written by Tennessee Williams and first performed on Broadway on December 3, 1947. The play dramatizes the experiences of Blanche DuBois, a former Southern belle who, after encountering a series of personal losses, leaves her once-prosperous situation to move into a shabby apartment in New Orleans rented by her younger sister and brother-in-law.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: Williams' most popular work, "A Streetcar Named Desire" is one of the most critically acclaimed plays of the twentieth century. It still ranks among his most performed plays, and has inspired many adaptations in other forms, notably a critically acclaimed film that was released in 1951.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: After the loss of her family home to creditors, Blanche DuBois travels from Laurel, Mississippi, to the New Orleans French Quarter to live with her younger married sister, Stella, and Stella's husband, Stanley Kowalski. Blanche is in her thirties and, with no money, has nowhere else to go.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: Blanche tells Stella that she has taken a leave of absence from her English-teaching position because of her nerves (which is later revealed to be a lie). Blanche laments the shabbiness of her sister's two-room flat. She finds Stanley loud and rough, eventually referring to him as "common". Stanley, in return, is suspicious of Blanche, does not care for her manners and resents her presence which is already interfering with his regimented but hedonistic lifestyle.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: From the first scene, Blanche is nervous and jittery. She is reluctant to be seen in the glare of light and seems to have a drinking problem. She is also deceptive and is critical of her sister and brother-in-law.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: Stanley later questions Blanche about her earlier marriage. Blanche had married when she was very young, but her husband committed suicide. This memory causes her obvious distress. We later learn she suffers from guilt due to the way she had reacted to finding out her husband's homosexuality and his fatal reaction. Stanley, worried that he has been cheated out of an inheritance, demands to know what happened to Belle Reve, once a large plantation and the DuBois family home. He tells Stella about the Napoleonic Code which, in those days, was a legal right of a husband over his wife's financial affairs. Blanche hands over all the documents pertaining to Belle Reve. While looking at the papers, Stanley notices a bundle of letters that Blanche emotionally proclaims are personal love letters from her dead husband. For a moment, Stanley seems caught off guard over her proclaimed feelings. Afterwards, he informs Blanche that Stella is going to have a baby.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: The night after Blanche's arrival, during one of Stanley's poker games, Blanche meets Mitch, one of Stanley's poker player buddies. His courteous manner sets him apart from the other men. Their chat becomes flirtatious and friendly, and Blanche easily charms him; they like each other. Suddenly becoming upset over multiple interruptions, Stanley explodes in a drunken rage and strikes Stella. Blanche and Stella take refuge with upstairs neighbor, Eunice Hubbell. When Stanley recovers, he cries out from the courtyard below for Stella to come back by repeatedly calling her name until she comes down and allows herself to be carried off to bed. Blanche is shocked to see that her sister has returned to her husband right after he assaulted her. After Stella returns to Stanley, Blanche and Mitch sit at the bottom of the steps in the courtyard, where Mitch apologizes for Stanley's coarse behavior.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: The next morning, Blanche rushes to Stella and describes Stanley as subhuman, though Stella assures Blanche that she and Stanley are fine. Stanley overhears the conversation but keeps silent. When Stanley comes in, Stella hugs and kisses him, letting Blanche know that her low opinion of Stanley does not matter.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: As the weeks pass, the friction between Blanche and Stanley continues to grow. Blanche has hope in Mitch, and tells Stella that she wants to go away with him and not be anyone's problem. During a meeting between the two, Blanche confesses to Mitch that once she was married to a young man, Allan Grey, whom she later discovered in a sexual encounter with an older man. Grey later took his own life when Blanche told him she was disgusted with him. The story touches Mitch, who tells Blanche that they need each other. Mitch himself has lost someone and seems to have empathy with Blanche's situation.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: Later, Stanley repeats gossip to Stella from a seedy salesman with contacts in Laurel, that Blanche was fired from her teaching job for involvement with an under-aged student and that she lived at a hotel known for prostitution. Stella erupts in anger over Stanley's cruelty after he reveals he has already told Mitch. Later that evening, at Blanche's birthday party, there is an empty seat at the table for Mitch, who doesn't show up. Stanley gives Blanche a birthday "present", a one-way ticket back to Laurel by Greyhound Bus. An argument ensues between Stella and Stanley but is cut short as Stella goes into unexpected labor and is taken by her husband to the hospital.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: As Blanche waits at home alone, Mitch arrives and confronts Blanche with the stories that Stanley has told him. She eventually confesses that the stories are true. She pleads for forgiveness. An angry and humiliated Mitch rejects her. Nevertheless, he demands intimacy with her, suggesting that it's his right since he has waited for so long for nothing. Blanche threatens to cry fire and tells him to get out.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: Stanley returns home to find Blanche alone in the apartment. She has descended into another fantasy about an old suitor coming to provide financial support and take her away from New Orleans. She falsely claims that Mitch had asked for her forgiveness but she had rejected him. Stanley goes along with the act before angrily scorning Blanche's lies, hypocrisy and behavior, and calling out her lie about Mitch. He advances toward her; in response, she threatens to attack him with a broken bottle, but is overpowered. Blanche collapses on the floor and Stanley is last seen taking her unconscious into his bed.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: Some time in the near future, during a poker game at the Kowalski apartment, Stella and Eunice are seen packing Blanche's meagre belongings while Blanche takes a bath in a catatonic state, having suffered a mental breakdown. Although Blanche has told Stella about Stanley raping her (which he denies) Stella cannot bring herself to believe her sister's story. When a doctor and a matron arrive to take Blanche to the hospital, she initially resists them and the nurse painfully restrains her. Mitch, present at the poker game, breaks down in tears. The doctor is far more gentle and she goes willingly with him, saying: "Whoever you are – I have always depended on the kindness of strangers." The poker game continues, uninterrupted.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: The original Broadway production was produced by Irene Mayer Selznick and directed by Elia Kazan. It opened at the Shubert in New Haven in early November 1947, then played the Walnut Street Theatre in Philadelphia before moving to the Ethel Barrymore Theatre on December 3, 1947. Selznick originally wanted to cast Margaret Sullavan and John Garfield, but settled on the less well-known Jessica Tandy and a virtual unknown at the time, Marlon Brando. The opening night cast also included Kim Hunter as Stella and Karl Malden as Mitch. Tandy was cast after Williams saw her performance in a West Coast production of his one-act play "Portrait of a Madonna". Williams believed that casting Brando, who was young for the part as it was originally conceived, would evolve Kowalski from being a vicious older man to someone whose unintentional cruelty can be attributed to youthful ignorance. Despite its shocking scenes and gritty dialogue, the audience applauded the debut performance.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: Brooks Atkinson, reviewing the opening in "The New York Times", described Tandy's "superb performance" as "almost incredibly true", concluding that Williams "has spun a poignant and luminous story."


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: Later in the run, Uta Hagen succeeded Tandy, Carmelita Pope succeeded Hunter, and Anthony Quinn succeeded Brando. Hagen and Quinn took the show on a national tour directed by Harold Clurman, and then returned to Broadway for additional performances. Ralph Meeker also took on the part of Stanley both in the Broadway and touring companies. Tandy received a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play in 1948, sharing the honor with Judith Anderson and Katharine Cornell. The original Broadway production closed, after 855 performances, in 1949.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: The first adaptation of "Streetcar" in Greece was performed in 1948 by Koun's Art Theater, two years before its film adaptation and one year before its London premiere, directed by Karolos Koun starring Melina Mercouri as Blanche and Vasilis Diamantopoulos as Stanley, with original music by Manos Hadjidakis.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: The London production, directed by Laurence Olivier, opened at the Aldwych Theatre on October 12, 1949. It starred Bonar Colleano as Stanley, Vivien Leigh as Blanche, Renée Asherson as Stella and Bernard Braden as Mitch.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: An Australian production with Viola Keats as Blanche and Arthur Franz as Stanley opened at the Comedy Theatre in Melbourne in February 1950.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: The first all-black production of "Streetcar" was likely performed by the Summer Theatre Company at Lincoln University in Jefferson City, Missouri, in August 1953 and directed by one of Williams's former classmates at Iowa, Thomas D. Pawley, as noted in the "Streetcar" edition of the "Plays in Production" series published by Cambridge University Press. The black and cross-gendered productions of "Streetcar" since the mid-1950s are too numerous to list here.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: Tallulah Bankhead, for whom Williams originally had written the role of Blanche, starred in a 1956 New York City Center Company production directed by Herbert Machiz.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: The first Broadway revival of the play was in 1973. It was produced by the Lincoln Center, at the Vivian Beaumont Theater, and starred Rosemary Harris as Blanche, James Farentino as Stanley and Patricia Conolly as Stella.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: The spring 1988 revival at the Circle in the Square Theatre starred Aidan Quinn opposite Blythe Danner as Blanche and Frances McDormand as Stella.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: A highly publicized and acclaimed revival in 1992 starred Alec Baldwin as Stanley and Jessica Lange as Blanche. It was staged at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre, where the original production was staged. This production proved so successful that it was filmed for television. It featured Timothy Carhart as Mitch and Amy Madigan as Stella, as well as future "Sopranos" stars James Gandolfini and Aida Turturro. Gandolfini was Carhart's understudy.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: In 1997, Le Petit Theatre du Vieux Carré in New Orleans mounted a 50th Anniversary production, with music by the Marsalis family, starring Michael Arata and Shelly Poncy. In 2009, the Walnut Street Theatre in Philadelphia, where the original pre-Broadway tryout was held, staged a production of the play.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: In 1997, (Steppenwolf Theatre, Chicago IL), Gary Sinise as Stanley, John C Reilly as Mitch, Kathryn Erbe as Stella, and Laila Robins as Blanche.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: Glenn Close starred in Trevor Nunn's 2002 production for the National Theatre at the Lyttleton Theatre, London.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: The 2005 Broadway revival was directed by Edward Hall and produced by The Roundabout Theater Company. It starred John C. Reilly as Stanley, Amy Ryan as Stella, and Natasha Richardson as Blanche. The production would mark Natasha Richardson's final appearance on Broadway prior to her death in 2009 following a skiing accident.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: The Sydney Theatre Company production of "A Streetcar Named Desire" premiered on September 5 and ran until October 17, 2009. This production, directed by Liv Ullmann, starred Cate Blanchett as Blanche, Joel Edgerton as Stanley, Robin McLeavy as Stella and Tim Richards as Mitch.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: From July 2009 until October 2009, Rachel Weisz and Ruth Wilson starred in a highly acclaimed revival of the play in London's West End at the Donmar Warehouse directed by Rob Ashford.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: In April 2012, Blair Underwood, Nicole Ari Parker, Daphne Rubin-Vega and Wood Harris starred in a multiracial adaptation at the Broadhurst Theatre. Theatre review aggregator "Curtain Critic" gave the production a score of 61 out of 100 based on the opinions of 17 critics.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: A production at the Young Vic, London, opened on July 23, 2014, and closed on September 19, 2014. Directed by Benedict Andrews and starring Gillian Anderson, Ben Foster, Vanessa Kirby and Corey Johnson; this production garnered critical acclaim and is the fastest selling show ever produced by the Young Vic. On September 16, 2014, the performance was relayed live to over one thousand cinemas in the UK as part of the National Theatre Live project. Thus far, the production has been screened in over 2000 venues. From April 23, 2016, until June 4, 2016, the production was reprised at the new St. Ann's Warehouse in Brooklyn, New York City. In 2020 during the COVID-19 lockdowns it was released for free on YouTube as part of the National Theatre At Home series.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: In 2016 Sarah Frankcom directed a production at the Royal Exchange in Manchester starring Maxine Peake, Ben Batt, Sharon Duncan Brewster and Youssef Kerkour. It opened on 8 September and closed on 15 October. It was critically well received with Peake's performance in particular singled out for praise.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: In 2018, it headlined the third annual Tennessee Williams Festival St. Louis at the Grandel Theatre. Carrie Houk, the Festival's Executive Artistic Director, and Tim Ocel, the director of the play, chose to cast the play with actors whose ages were close to Tennessee Williams' original intentions. (The birthday party is for Blanche's 30th birthday.) Sophia Brown starred as Blanche, with Nick Narcisi as Stanley, Lana Dvorak as Stella, and Spencer Sickmann as Mitch. Henry Polkes composed the original score, and James Wolk designed the set. The critics were unanimous in their praise.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: In 1951, Warner Bros. released a film adaptation of the play, directed by Elia Kazan. Malden, Brando, and Hunter reprised their Broadway roles. They were joined by Vivien Leigh from the London production in the part of Blanche. The movie won four Academy Awards, including three acting awards (Leigh for Best Actress, Malden for Best Supporting Actor and Hunter for Best Supporting Actress), the first time a film won three out of four acting awards (Brando was nominated for Best Actor but lost). Composer Alex North received an Academy Award nomination for this, his first film score. Jessica Tandy was the only lead actor from the original Broadway production not to appear in the 1951 film. The ending itself was also slightly altered. Stella does not remain with Stanley, as she does in the play.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: Pedro Almodóvar's 1999 Academy Award-winning film "All About My Mother" features a Spanish-language version of the play being performed by some of the supporting characters and the play itself plays an important role in the film. However, some of the film's dialogue is taken from the 1951 film version, not the original stage version.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: The 1973 Woody Allen film "Sleeper" includes a late scene in which Miles (Woody) and Luna (Diane Keaton) briefly take on the roles of Stanley (Luna) and Blanche (Miles).


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: It was noted by many critics that the 2013 Academy Award-winning Woody Allen film "Blue Jasmine" had much in common with "Streetcar" and is most likely a loose adaptation. It shares a very similar plot and characters, although it has been suitably updated for modern film audiences.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: In 2014, Gillian Anderson directed and starred in a short film prequel to "A Streetcar Named Desire", titled "The Departure". The short film was written by the novelist Andrew O'Hagan and is part of Young Vic's short film series, which was produced in collaboration with "The Guardian".


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: In 1995, an opera was adapted and composed by André Previn with a libretto by Philip Littell. It had its premiere at the San Francisco Opera during the 1998–99 season, and featured Renée Fleming as Blanche.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: A 1952 ballet production with choreography by Valerie Bettis, which Mia Slavenska and Frederic Franklin's Slavenska-Franklin Ballet debuted at Her Majesty's Theatre in Montreal, featured the music of Alex North, who had composed the music for the 1951 film.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: Another ballet production was staged by John Neumeier in Frankfurt in 1983. Music included "Visions fugitives" by Prokofiev and Alfred Schnittke's First Symphony.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: In the mid-2000s, another production was staged by Winthrop Corey, then artistic director of Mobile Ballet.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: In 2012, Scottish Ballet collaborated with theatre and film director Nancy Meckler and international choreographer Annabelle Lopez Ochoa to create a new staging of "A Streetcar Named Desire".


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: In 2018, the Erkel Theatre in Budapest revisited the production with Marianna Venekei choreographing, Iurii Kekalo dancing as Stanley Kowalski, Lea Földi as Blanche DuBois, and Anna Krupp as Stella.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: In 1955, the television program "Omnibus" featured Jessica Tandy reviving her original Broadway performance as Blanche, with her husband, Hume Cronyn, as Mitch. It aired only portions of the play that featured the Blanche and Mitch characters.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: The 1984 television version featured Ann-Margret as Blanche, Treat Williams as Stanley, Beverly D'Angelo as Stella and Randy Quaid as Mitch. It was directed by John Erman and the teleplay was adapted by Oscar Saul. The music score by composed by Marvin Hamlisch. Ann-Margret, D'Angelo and Quaid were all nominated for Emmy Awards, but none won. However, it did win four Emmys, including one for cinematographer Bill Butler. Ann-Margret won a Golden Globe award for her performance and Treat Williams was nominated for Best Actor in a Miniseries or TV Movie.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: A 1995 television version was based on the highly successful Broadway revival that starred Alec Baldwin and Jessica Lange. However, only Baldwin and Lange were from the stage production. The TV version added John Goodman as Mitch and Diane Lane as Stella. This production was directed by Glenn Jordan. Baldwin, Lange and Goodman all received Emmy Award nominations. Lange won a Golden Globe award (for Best Actress in a Miniseries or TV Movie), while Baldwin was nominated for Best Actor, but did not win.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: In 1998, PBS aired a taped version of the opera adaptation that featured the original San Francisco Opera cast. The program received an Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Classical Music/Dance Program.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: In a 1992 episode of "The Simpsons", "A Streetcar Named Marge", a musical version of the play, "Oh, Streetcar!", was featured. Ned Flanders and Marge Simpson took the leading roles as Stanley and Blanche, respectively.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: In a 2016 episode of "The Originals", "A Streetcar Named Desire" Klaus Mikaelson and Elijah Mikaelson are forced to face two siblings, Tristan and Aurora de Martel, once friends but now foes due to the Mikaelsons backstabbing them a millennia ago. The title is a dual reference. Not only does the show take place in New Orleans but just like Blanche, Aurora is bipolar. Elijah references this as a weapon against her (and her brother to a lesser degree as he was her caretaker).


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: Bette Bourne and Paul Shaw of the British gay theater company Bloolips, and Peggy Shaw and Lois Weaver of the American lesbian theater company Split Britches, collaborated and performed a gender-bent production of "Belle Reprieve", a twisted adaption of "Streetcar". This theatrical piece creates a "Brechtian 'epic drama'" that relies on the reflective rather than emotional involvement of the audience—a "commentary on the sexual roles and games in Williams's text". Blanche was played by Bette Bourne as "man in a dress", Stanley was played by Peggy Shaw as a "butch lesbian", Mitch was played by Paul Shaw as a "fairy disguised as a man", and Stella was played by Lois Weaver as a "woman disguised as a woman".


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: The Desire Line ran from 1920 to 1948, at the height of streetcar use in New Orleans. The route ran down Royal, through the Quarter, to Desire Street in the Bywater district, and back up to Canal. Blanche's route in the play—"They told me to take a streetcar named Desire, transfer to one called Cemeteries and ride six blocks and get off at—Elysian Fields!"—is allegorical, taking advantage of New Orleans's colorful street names: the Desire line itself crossed Elysian Fields Avenue on its way to Canal Street. There, one could transfer to the Cemeteries line, which ran along Canal, blocks away from Elysian Fields.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: The character of Blanche is thought to be based on Williams' sister, Rose Williams, who struggled with mental health problems and became incapacitated after a lobotomy. The success of the play enabled Williams to finance his sister's care.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: The theatre critic and former actress Blanche Marvin, a friend of Williams, says the playwright used her name for the character Blanche DuBois, named the character's sister Stella after Marvin's former surname "Zohar" (which means "Star"), and took the play's line "I've always depended on the kindness of strangers" from something she said to him.


title: A Streetcar Named Desire

text: "A Streetcar Named Success" is an essay by Tennessee Williams about art and the artist's role in society. It is often included in paper editions of "A Streetcar Named Desire". A version of this essay first appeared in "The New York Times" on November 30, 1947, four days before the opening of "A Streetcar Named Desire". Another version of this essay, titled "The Catastrophe of Success", is sometimes used as an introduction to "The Glass Menagerie".


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Lori Elaine Lightfoot (born August 4, 1962) is an American attorney and politician serving since 2019 as the 56th mayor of Chicago. She is a member of the Democratic Party. Before becoming mayor, Lightfoot worked in private legal practice as a partner at Mayer Brown and held various government positions in Chicago. Most notably, she served as president of the Chicago Police Board and chair of the Chicago Police Accountability Task Force. Lightfoot ran for Mayor of Chicago in 2019, advancing to a runoff election against Toni Preckwinkle in the February 2019 election. She defeated Preckwinkle in the runoff on April 2, 2019.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Lightfoot is the first LGBT black woman to be elected mayor of a major city in the United States. She is also the first black female mayor of Chicago. She is the second female (after Jane Byrne) and the third African-American (after Harold Washington and Eugene Sawyer) mayor of Chicago.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Lightfoot was born in Massillon, Ohio, the youngest of four children. Her mother, Ann Lightfoot, was a nighttime healthcare aide and school board member, and her father, Elijah Lightfoot, a local factory worker and janitor. She grew up in a mostly white neighborhood on the west side of the city.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: She is a graduate of Washington High School in Massillon, where she was a trumpet player in the school band, sang alto in choir, point guard on the basketball team, volleyball player, softball player, yearbook editor, and Pep Club member. She was elected high school class president three times. Her campaign slogan while running for high school class president was "Get on the right foot with Lightfoot". Her high school alumni association named her a "Distinguished Citizen" in 2013. While in high school, Lightfoot helped organize a boycott of her school's lunch program over the quality of its pizza. Her boycott was a success as the school provided more flavorful pizza. Her punishment for the boycott was detention.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Lightfoot received her Bachelor of Arts in political science from the University of Michigan in 1984, graduating with honors. Despite not knowing the subject, she initially hoped to become a systems engineer following the advice of her oldest brother. She pursued seven different types of employment to pay for her education, including working as a resident assistant and as a cook for the school's football team. She also held factory jobs at home during summers to help pay for her education. While Lightfoot was an undergraduate, her older brother, Brian Lightfoot, was arrested in connection with a bank robbery and the shooting of a security guard.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Lightfoot held positions working for Congress members Ralph Regula and Barbara Mikulski before deciding to attend law school. She has said she chose to attend law school not because of her brother's legal troubles, but because she wanted a job that offered financial independence. She matriculated at the University of Chicago Law School, where she was awarded a full scholarship. As president of the University of Chicago Law School's student body, she led a successful movement to ban a law firm from campus after the firm sent a recruiter who made racist and sexist remarks towards a student. Lightfoot quarterbacked an intramural flag football team while at Chicago Law School. Lightfoot also served as a clerk for Justice Charles Levin of the Michigan Supreme Court. She graduated from the University of Chicago with her Juris Doctor degree in 1989.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: After graduating law school, Lightfoot became a practicing attorney at the Mayer Brown law firm, serving a wide cross-section of clients. Lightfoot first entered the public sector as Assistant United States Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois. During her mayoral campaign, Lightfoot cited several reasons for entering public service, including a desire to represent the African-American community, a sense of injustice based on the murder of a family member by a Ku Klux Klan member in the 1920s, and struggles with the law encountered by her older brother, who was charged with possession of crack cocaine with intent to distribute.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: While working as a federal prosecutor, Lightfoot helped to prosecute those accused of federal crimes, including drug crimes. She assisted with Operation Silver Shovel, an FBI investigation into Chicago corruption. She helped to convict alderman Virgil Jones. In 1999, Lightfoot was issued a warning for misconduct by judge Richard Posner in a case in which she was found by the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit to have misled a United States Circuit Judge regarding a suspect's whereabouts, making it impossible for the judge to stay the suspect's extradition to Norway. Lightfoot and the Justice Department at the time disputed this characterization of her actions.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: In 2002, Lightfoot was appointed chief administrator of the Chicago Police Department Office of Professional Standards, a now-defunct governmental police oversight group, by Police Superintendent Terry Hillard. She held the position for two years. In the position, she was in charge of investigating possible cases of police misconduct, including police shootings of civilians. However, a Chicago Tribune report found that the Office of Professional Standards' investigations often lacked thoroughness. Lightfoot says her recommendations for disciplinary action were often rejected by the police department.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: In one notable case, Lightfoot went against Police Department orthodoxy by recommending the firing of officer Alvin Weems, who shot and killed an unarmed man, Michael Pleasance. Weems was initially believed to have accidentally shot Pleasance, but after video evidence contradicting the initial claims was revealed, even Weems himself expressed feeling that the shooting was unjustified. Weems was not fired by the Chicago Police Department, but the city was eventually forced to pay a settlement to the Pleasance family. Weems later committed suicide.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: In another controversial case where officer Phyllis Clinkscales shot and killed unarmed 17-year-old Robert Washington, the Chicago Tribune reported that Lightfoot determined that the shooting was justified. In doing so, the Tribune said she reversed the order of her predecessor, who had called for Clinkscales' firing. Clinkscales' account of the events of the shooting had been found to contain untrue statements in an investigation. Lightfoot disputes this account of Clinkscales' case, saying that the police superintendent at the time was responsible for declining Lightfoot's predecessor's finding that the shooting was unjustified. Lightfoot said her action on the case was to push for a 30-day suspension for Clinkscales, which she implied was the most that was possible given the circumstances.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Lightfoot then moved on to work in the Chicago Office of Emergency Management and Communications. She was later hired by Mayor Richard M. Daley as deputy chief of the Chicago Department of Procurement Services. There, she and her boss, Mary Dempsey, investigated Chicago corruption, drawing Mayor Daley's ire in the process. Lightfoot and Dempsey's investigations included probes of then-Governor of Illinois Rod Blagojevich's associate Tony Rezko and prominent Daley donor Elzie Higginbottom. Lightfoot worked at the Department of Procurement Services for a few months, subsequently returning to Mayer Brown. Lightfoot has suggested that she left the Department of Procurement Services because of dismay at corruption in City Hall.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: As an attorney at Mayer Brown, Lightfoot represented Republicans in two cases protesting Democratic gerrymandering. At Mayer Brown, she also defended Chicago police officer Paul Powers against charges of physical assault. In 2019, after facing criticism over defending Powers, Lightfoot cited video evidence in favor of her former client's innocence.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Lightfoot was briefly hired by the city of Chicago to defend the city against charges brought by the family of a mentally ill woman, Christina Eilman, who was brought into custody by Chicago police after suffering a mental breakdown at Midway Airport. Eilman suffered sexual assault and a seven-story fall after being released by police into Englewood. Eilman's family reached a $22.5 million settlement with the city.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Lightfoot has also served on the boards of the Illinois chapters of NARAL and the ACLU. She has served as external counsel for Bank of America. In 2013, Lightfoot was a finalist for the position of U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois, but the job went to Zachary T. Fardon.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Lightfoot returned to the public sector in 2015, when Mayor Rahm Emanuel appointed her to replace 19-year incumbent Demetrius Carney as president of the Chicago Police Board. The board's main responsibility is to make recommendations for or against disciplinary action on certain disputed cases of police misconduct. Under Lightfoot's leadership, the board became more punitive, firing officers in 72% of its cases. In the wake of the controversy over the murder of Laquan McDonald, Emanuel also appointed Lightfoot as chair of a special Police Accountability Task Force. In 2016, the Task Force, led by Lightfoot, filed a report critical of the Chicago Police Department's practices. She specifically criticized the police union's "code of silence." The anti-police brutality activist organization Black Youth Project 100's Chicago chapter released a statement denouncing Lightfoot and the board and task force for a "lack of accountability."


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: In 2017, Emanuel re-appointed Lightfoot to a second term as president of the Police Board. The decision came after Lightfoot and Emanuel had publicly come into conflict, particularly over Emanuel's attempts to reach a police reform deal with Trump Administration Justice Department officials that would avoid a consent decree and oversight from a federal judge. Lightfoot called Emanuel's approach "fundamentally flawed." At the time, there was already speculation that Lightfoot was planning a run for mayor of Chicago in 2019, though she denied the rumors. Lightfoot resigned from the Police Board in May 2018, just before announcing her mayoral campaign.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On May 10, 2018, Lightfoot announced her candidacy for Mayor of Chicago in the 2019 elections, her first-ever run for public office. She is the first LGBTQ mayor and first black female mayor of Chicago. Lightfoot was the first openly lesbian candidate in the history of Chicago mayoral elections.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: By summer 2018, Lightfoot had the highest-funded campaign of any individual challenging the two-term incumbent Emanuel. However, in the fall, Emanuel dropped out of the race, and high-profile candidates like Gery Chico, Bill Daley, Susana Mendoza and Toni Preckwinkle subsequently entered.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Animosity between the Preckwinkle and Lightfoot campaigns was reported as early as October 2018, when Preckwinkle denied rumors that she had pressured Lightfoot to drop out of the race. In December, after Lightfoot submitted the petitions necessary to secure a place on the ballot, Preckwinkle's campaign filed a challenge claiming that many of Lightfoot's petitions were fraudulent. The Chicago Board of Elections Commissioners found Lightfoot had enough valid petitions to remain on the ballot, and Preckwinkle's campaign withdrew its challenge.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: In January, the race was upended by a major corruption scandal involving Chicago alderman Ed Burke. Lightfoot ran a television advertisement criticizing Chico, Daley, Mendoza and Preckwinkle as the "Burke Four" for their connections to the disgraced alderman.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Lightfoot picked up several endorsements, including nods from LGBTQ groups and local politicians. In February, Lightfoot won the endorsement of the "Chicago Sun-Times" editorial board. As close to the election as late January, Lightfoot's support ranged between 2% and 5% in polls. She surged in polls later in the race, consistently polling at or near double-digits in surveys released in the weeks leading up to the election.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On February 18, Lightfoot made headlines after one of her press conferences was crashed by Preckwinkle ally Robert Martwick, with whom Lightfoot then got into a heated exchange.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Shortly before the election, Preckwinkle's campaign manager, Scott Cisek, came under fire after comparing Lightfoot to a Nazi in a Facebook post. Preckwinkle fired Cisek and publicly apologized for his post.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: In Chicago, ethnic/racial coalitions had often played a key role in elections. As such, many of the candidates were seen as targeting different groups with their campaigns. Hispanic candidates Gery Chico and Susana Mendoza were seen as vying for the Hispanic vote. Toni Preckwinkle and Willie Wilson were seen as targeting the black vote. Bill Daley was seen as targeting the white vote. Lightfoot was seen as breaking the rules of traditional Chicago politics by not basing her candidacy on seeking the support of particular ethnic/racial groups.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Lightfoot finished first in the February election, in what was considered to be an upset. She placed above a crowded field of fourteen candidates. Because no candidate reached the necessary 50% of the vote needed to win the election outright, she and Preckwinkle advanced to a runoff election.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: In the runoff, both the "Sun-Times" and the "Chicago Tribune" endorsed Lightfoot. Several former candidates, including Mendoza, Chico, Paul Vallas, and fourth-place finisher Willie Wilson also endorsed Lightfoot in the runoff. Lightfoot held a substantial lead over Preckwinkle in polls conducted during the runoff campaign.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: During the runoff, Lightfoot faced criticism from criminal justice activists over her record in police accountability and as a prosecutor. Chicago-based musician and activist Chancelor Bennett, also known as Chance the Rapper, voiced similar concerns in his runoff endorsement of Preckwinkle. Bennett, a former Amara Enyia supporter and son of Preckwinkle's campaign co-chair, said Lightfoot's record as a prosecutor and Chicago Police Department employee has worked against the interests of the black community in Chicago. U.S. Representative Bobby Rush, who endorsed Preckwinkle in the runoff after supporting Daley in the general election, made similar criticisms of Lightfoot centered around criminal justice issues. Lightfoot defended herself against Bennett's criticisms at a mayoral debate, citing her personal experiences with racial discrimination as evidence she would take the concerns of the black community into account. Lightfoot also faced activist criticism over comments at a University of Chicago forum, where she suggested turning some shuttered schools in the city into police academies. Lightfoot later disavowed this suggestion via Twitter.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: In the runoff, Lightfoot received endorsements from seven of the twelve candidates that had been eliminated in the first round (these endorsements coming from Gery Chico, Jerry Joyce, John Kozlar, Susana Mendoza, Neal Sales-Griffin, Paul Vallas, and Willie Wilson). Preckwinkle, by contrast, received no endorsements at all from any candidates that had been eliminated in the first round.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Lightfoot won the runoff election on April 2, 2019, becoming mayor-elect of Chicago. She won more than 73% of the overall vote in the runoff, winning in all 50 wards of the city. Lightfoot won all but 20 of the city's 2,069 voting precincts. Voter turnout was 32.89%, almost a record low.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Lightfoot took office on May 20, 2019. Incumbent mayor Rahm Emanuel reportedly modeled the transition between his and Lightfoot's administrations on the U.S. presidential transition between the George W. Bush and Barack Obama administrations. Emanuel was part of the Bush-Obama transition as Obama's chief of staff designate. Lightfoot endorsed the comparison between her transition and the Bush-Obama transition.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On April 4, Lightfoot named key members of her transition team: her campaign manager Manny Perez to serve as intergovernmental advisor, Maurice Classen to serve as her chief of staff, Sarah Pang and Ra Joy to serve as senior advisors, and Lisa Schneider-Fabes to serve as transition manager.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: As mayor-elect, Lightfoot expressed a desire for the Laquan McDonald trial to be reexamined, urging the U.S. Attorney's Office to reopen their grand jury investigation to examine if any civil rights were violated.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On April 6, 2019, Lightfoot told the "Chicago Sun-Times" that her staff would, during her first post-election weekend, spend time examining the city's 600-page agreement with Sterling Bay regarding the Lincoln Yards development. During her campaign, Lightfoot had been critical of the process that was being taken to reach the agreement. The following Monday, at her request, Mayor Rahm Emanuel postponed city council votes on the approval of $1.6 billion in tax increment financing subsidies for both the Lincoln Yards and The 78 mega-developments. After the developers of the two projects agreed to increase commitments to hiring minority-owned and women-owned contractors, Lightfoot announced that she now supported the deals, which were approved one day subsequent to her declaration of support.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: One week before her inauguration, Lightfoot named lawyer and activist Candace Moore as Chicago's first-ever chief equity officer, a job in which Moore will focus on countering racial inequality in the city.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Three days before taking office, Lightfoot named Alderman Scott Waguespack to serve as finance committee chairman, Alderman Pat Dowell to serve as budget chairman, Alderman Tom Tunney to serve as zoning chairman and Alderman Gilbert Villegas to serve as floor leader and economic development chair.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On May 20, 2019, Lightfoot officially took office as Mayor of Chicago, after being sworn in at 11:15 am by Magistrate Judge Susan E. Cox of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, at the Wintrust Arena, accompanied by her wife and daughter.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Upon taking office, Lightfoot became the first openly LGBT Chicago mayor, the first black female Chicago mayor, as well as the second female Chicago mayor (after Jane Byrne) and third Chicago black mayor (after Harold Washington and Eugene Sawyer).


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On October 14, 2019, Lightfoot announced the creation of an affordable housing task force set to consist of 20 members and study solutions to housing affordability over a 4- to 6-month period. The following month, it was announced that the task force would also come up with a proposal to rewrite the city's affordable housing ordinance. These efforts directly implicated systemic racism as the primary issue in housing affordability, recommending an entirely new framework for housing ordinances prioritizing racial equity. However, initial affordable housing goals were set back by budget shortfalls due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Many of these recommendations were eventually integrated into the distribution of federal relief funds for housing assistance grants, as well as allocations for low-income tax credits.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On March 6, 2020, Lightfoot named Tracey Scott as CEO of the Chicago Housing Authority. On March 30, the CHA Board of Commissioners approved Tracey Scott's appointment.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: After legislation expanding gambling in Illinois was passed by the state legislature at the start of June 2019, Lightfoot announced that the city would commence study of where a Chicago casino would be located. Lightfoot's predecessors had long sought to obtain a casino for the city. While the state did not approve a city-owned casino (reportedly preferred by Lightfoot, as it had been by her predecessors); state legislation allowed for a privately owned casino from which the city would receive one third of tax revenue generated. Lightfoot has continued to push, however, for the state to authorize a casino jointly owned by the city and state and with a lesser effective tax rate than the passed legislation specified.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On May 5, 2022, Lightfoot announced that she had selected the bid from the Bally's Corporation to construct a casino resort on the west bank of the Chicago River.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Lightfoot's first executive order as mayor limited "aldermanic prerogative", a practice under which Chicago aldermen were granted an effective veto over matters in their wards.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On May 28, 2019, Lightfoot unveiled proposals to revise the operating rules of the Chicago City Council. Among other things she proposed live streaming video of committee meetings, changes to strengthen the rule on conflicts of interest and the transfer of control over TIF subsidies to the council's Committee on Economic and Capital Development.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Lightfoot has butted heads with embattled Alderman Ed Burke. On May 29, 2019, during the first city council meeting, over which Lightfoot presided, she held her ground in debating issues with Alderman Burke. On May 31, after indictments were brought against Burke, Lightfoot called for his resignation.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: As of June 17, Chicago leads the nation in mass shootings, average approximately one per week. In response to the third mass shooting in four days, Lightfoot said: "We are part of a club of cities to which no one wants to belong: cities with mass shootings."


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On June 3, 2019, Lightfoot announced her selections for the Chicago Board of Education (the school board of Chicago Public Schools), appointing former City Clerk of Chicago Miguel del Valle as its president. She also announced that incumbent CEO of Chicago Public Schools Janice K. Jackson would retain her position, having previously only committed to retaining her for an interim period.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: In October 2019, Lightfoot dealt with a public schools strike led by the Chicago Teachers Union and Service Employees International Union.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: While Lightfoot has advocated for an elected Chicago school board, as mayor-elect she opposed state legislation that would create a 21-member board, calling it "unwieldy". Nevertheless, in July 2021, governor J. B. Pritzker signed such legislation into law, over Lightfoot's objections.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On June 14, 2021, Lightfoot named José Torres to serve as interim CEO of the Chicago Public Schools after Janice K. Jackson steps down. On September 15, 2021, Mayor Lightfoot announced that Pedro Martinez would be succeeding Torres as the new permanent CEO. On September 22, the Chicago Board of Education unanimously voted to approve his appointment as CEO, scheduling him to take office on September 29.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On November 23, 2021, a plan by Lightfoot to increase the minimum wage to $15 an hour by 2021 was approved by the Chicago City Council. This increase did not include restaurant servers and tipped workers.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Among proposals Lightfoot floated in the fall of 2019 included a graduated transfer tax for commercial real estate sales. This plan would allow the city to capture more money from large real estate transfers, while also providing a tax break for the 85% of real estate transfers valued under $500,000.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Shortly after taking office, Lightfoot faced what was regarded as her first test at public safety, as Memorial Day weekend in Chicago had, in previous years, often been a period in which Chicago had seen a spike in violence. In an attempt to eschew this pattern, Lightfoot initiated "Our City. Our Safety.", under which extra police patrols were stationed in busy locations, as well as in troubled spots, and free youth programs were organized by the Chicago Park District at about a hundred locations. A notable extent of violence was still witnessed over the weekend, to which Lightfoot responded, "We can’t claim victory and we certainly can’t celebrate. We have much more work to do."


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On May 28, 2019, Lightfoot urged city council to pass an ordinance within her first hundred days that would establish a level of civilian oversight on the Chicago Police Department.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Lightfoot launched a community policing initiative in June 2019. Later that month she announced that the city's police department would not assist U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) raids, denying ICE access to the city's police database in an effort to protect the city's immigrant population from the threat of deportation.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On November 8, 2019, after Eddie T. Johnson announced that he would resign from his position as superintendent of the Chicago Police Department, Lightfoot named Charlie Beck to serve as interim superintendent of the Chicago Police Department. On December 2, rather than letting Johnson voluntarily retire, Lightfoot fired him due to what she declared were "intolerable" actions by him and him misleading the public. Lightfoot nominated David Brown to be superintendent of police on April 2, 2020. After Beck stepped down on April 15, Brown became acting superintendent, while pending confirmation to serve on a permanent basis.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On November 13, 2019, Lightfoot proposed an ordinance that would create a new Office of Public Safety Administration, which would combine administrative functions of Chicago Police Department, the Chicago Fire Department and the Office of Public Safety Administration. The ordinance would also move the task of hearing appeals from rejected Chicago police applicants whose names have been removed from the department's eligibility list from the Human Resources Board to the purview of the Chicago Police Board.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: In June 2020, Lightfoot voiced her opposition to an ordinance proposed by alderman Roderick Sawyer, which would end the Chicago Public Schools' contract to station Chicago Police Department officers at schools.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: In May 2021, Lightfoot nominated Annette Nance-Holt to be the city fire commissioner. She was confirmed to the position by the Chicago City Council on June 23. Nance-Holt is the first woman to serve in a permanent capacity as the commissioner of the Chicago Fire Department.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: During the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, Lightfoot has been taking a number of actions aimed at quelling the severity of the outbreak in Chicago. On March 11, 2020, Lightfoot joined Illinois Governor J. B. Pritzker to postpone of the city's formal Saint Patrick's Day festivities (including parades and the dyeing of the Chicago River). On March 15, Lightfoot decided that, due to concerns surrounding Saint Patrick's Day festivities, all businesses selling liquor must have less than half of their regular maximum capacity, and must additionally not exceed a capacity of 100 people.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On March 12, 2020, Lightfoot again joined Pritzker to issue, among other things, a ban on events attended by more than 1,000 people from being held over the next 30 days. In response to the pandemic, she created the Racial Equity Rapid Response Team as well as the COVID-19 Recovery Task Force.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On March 15, Lightfoot criticized the long lines at Chicago's O'Hare International Airport as a result of federal government travel restrictions related to the coronavirus pandemic as "utterly unacceptable". Under the federal government's travel restrictions, authorized passengers could only take flights from 26 permitted European nations to a total of thirteen permitted United States airports, of which O'Hare was one.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On March 20, 2020, Lightfoot extended Chicago Public School closures beyond what had already been mandated by the State of Illinois. Chicago Department of Health Commissioner, Dr. Allison Arwady, had signed a public health order under which those with the COVID-19 illness or exhibiting symptoms, with few exceptions, could not leave their place of residence, go to work or any group settings. The order allowed sick residents to seek essential services, such as necessary clinical care/evaluation, and life sustaining needs, such as medicine and food. Lightfoot declared that anyone who violated this order may be issued a citation.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On March 27, Lightfoot placed a ban on contact sport and closed the city's parks, beaches, and trails due to instances over the previous days of people violating the state's stay-at-home order and gathering in public places.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On March 31, 2020, Lightfoot announced that she had secured 300 hotel rooms in the city's downtown to house first responders, which they could use so that they would not need to go to their homes and risk spreading COVID-19 to their families.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Lightfoot's administration worked with the United States Army Corps of Engineers to establish a makeshift hospital at McCormick Place.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: In early April, Lightfoot partnered with Chicago's professional sports teams to launch the "We Are Not Playing" campaign.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Also in early April, Lightfoot drew criticism for getting her hair cut in violation of the state's stay-at-home order. She argued that she was justified in doing so, saying, "I’m the public face of this city. I’m on national media and I’m out in the public eye."


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On April 7, Lightfoot signed an executive order which further ensured that undocumented immigrants would not be excluded from receiving city benefits, opportunities, and services. Similar protections already largely existed under the Welcoming City Ordinance, which had been passed during her predecessor's term.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On April 8, Lightfoot introduced a curfew on liquor sales to take effect the next day. This was to cut down on congregating outside of liquor stores.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Also on April 8, Lightfoot was criticised for suspending Freedom of Information Act request deadlines, saying "I want to ask the average Chicagoan: Would you like them to do their job or would you like them to be pulled off to do FOIA requests?", and invoking the Old Testament by saying "I’m mindful of the fact that we’re in the Pesach season, the angel of death that we all talk about is the Passover story". Due to this, Lightfoot was subsequently awarded the tongue-in-cheek "Pharaoh Prize for Deadline Extensions" by digital-rights group the Electronic Frontier Foundation.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Lightfoot has participated in enforcing the state's stay-at-home order, personally partaking in patrolling the city and confronting violators.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Lightfoot-centric internet memes arose during the coronavirus outbreak, first gaining popularity in late-March amid Lightfoot's no-nonsense approach to enforcing the state's stay-at-home order.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On November 12, 2020, to be effective on November 16, Lightfoot issued new restrictions, including a stay-at-home advisory. Lightfoot was scrutinized for this decision as she had been seen in prior days at a large gathering celebrating Joe Biden's election victory.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: During the 2020 Black Lives Matter (BLM) anti-police violence protests sparked by the murder of George Floyd, Lightfoot, who campaigned as a police reformer, stated that police unions have continued to be one of the main obstacles to reform of the department:


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Lightfoot further stated that police violence and brutality "demean the badge" and asked the public to report police misconduct.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On May 31, during a conference call with all 50 Chicago aldermen, Lightfoot got into a heated argument with fellow Democrat Raymond Lopez of the 15th Ward. The two swore at one another after Lopez criticized the mayor's response to looting and rioting during the George Floyd protests.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: In August 2020, she came under criticism for not allowing protests on the block where she lives. Lightfoot said this was justified because she had received threats.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On May 20, 2019, Lightfoot announced the retention of several administrators who had worked under the previous Emanuel administration, alongside a number of new hires.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On September 30, 2019, Lightfoot hired former alderman John Arena as a special advisor in the city's planning department.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: In December 2019, Lightfoot nominated Gia Biagi to serve as the commissioner of the Chicago Department of Transportation. Biagi was confirmed by the Chicago City Council to the position on January 15, 2020.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On May 28, 2019, Lightfoot laid out plans to pass "fair work week" legislation tightening rules surrounding workplace scheduling.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On November 26, 2019, the city council approved ordinances Lightfoot had put forth placing restrictions on vehicle impoundment and lowering fines for illegal possession of cannabis.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: In early February 2020, Lightfoot joined with Illinois U.S. Senator Dick Durbin to urge the Federal Emergency Management Agency to declare the damage being inflicted on the city's lakefront by historically high Lake Michigan water levels to receive federal disaster designation.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: In late February 2020, Lightfoot hosted a summit at University of Illinois at Chicago addressing the issue of poverty.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On May 19, 2021, Lightfoot stated she would only choose reporters of color for interviews on the occasion of her two-year anniversary in office. This sparked considerable backlash, with many calling for her resignation, including Tulsi Gabbard. Judicial Watch sued Lightfoot on behalf of "The Daily Caller", alleging Lightfoot violated journalist Thomas Catenacci’s First and Fourteenth Amendment rights.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Below is a table of polls on Lightfoot's approval rating amongst Chicagoans, descending from most to least recent:


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: On March 6, 2020, shortly before the 2020 Illinois Democratic presidential primary, Lightfoot endorsed Joe Biden's candidacy for president.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Lightfoot appeared in a video shown on the opening night of the 2020 Democratic National Convention which also features Biden, Houston Police Chief Art Acevedo, activist Jamira Burley, activist Gwen Carr, and NAACP President Derrick Johnson.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Lightfoot was a 2020 Democratic United States Electoral College elector from Illinois, casting her votes for Biden as president and Kamala Harris as vice-president.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Lightfoot resides in the Logan Square neighborhood, on Chicago's Northwest Side. On May 31, 2014, she married Amy Eshleman, a former Chicago Public Library employee, who is now a full-time mother to the couple's adopted daughter, Vivian.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Lightfoot has held Chicago Bears season tickets for 20 years, and is also a Chicago White Sox season ticket-holder. She is also a season ticket holder for the WNBA's Chicago Sky.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Lightfoot made an appearance on a TV mini-series called "The Second City Presents: The Last Show Left on Earth".


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: Lightfoot is a Founding Trustee at Christ the King Jesuit High School in Chicago. She is also a member of St. James AME Zion Church.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: In June 2020, in honor of the 50th anniversary of the first LGBTQ Pride parade, "Queerty" named her among the fifty heroes “leading the nation toward equality, acceptance, and dignity for all people”.


title: Lori Lightfoot

text: In October 2020, Lightfoot was chosen by the National Minority Quality Forum (NMQF) to receive the NMQF Honorable John Lewis Lifetime Achievement Award.


title: Gran Torino

text: Gran Torino is a 2008 American drama film directed and produced by Clint Eastwood, who also starred in the film. The film co-stars Christopher Carley, Bee Vang, and Ahney Her. This was Eastwood's first starring role since 2004's "Million Dollar Baby". The film features a large Hmong American cast, as well as one of Eastwood's younger sons, Scott. Eastwood's oldest son, Kyle, provided the score. Set in Highland Park, Michigan, it is the first mainstream American film to feature Hmong Americans. Many Lao Hmong war refugees resettled in the U.S. following the establishment of a socialist government in Laos in 1975.


title: Gran Torino

text: The story follows Walt Kowalski, a recently widowed Korean War veteran alienated from his family and angry at the world. Walt's young neighbor, Thao Vang Lor, is pressured by his cousin into trying to steal Walt's prized 1972 Ford Torino for his initiation into a gang. Walt thwarts the theft and subsequently develops a relationship with the boy and his family.