title: Rafael Leão

text: On 9 February 2022, Leão opened the score sheet against Lazio and assisted the second goal, being directly involved in 14 goals in the season, surpassing his record during his career in Europe's the top 5 leagues. Four days later, in his 100th appearance for Milan, he scored the only goal in 1–0 win against Sampdoria, which put Milan in the top of the league table. On 25 February, he scored his eighth league goal of the season against Udinese, in a eventual 1–1 draw, becoming in the process the second player to score in each of the seven days of a week in Serie A with AC Milan, after Andriy Shevchenko.


title: Rafael Leão

text: On 1 May, Leão scored the winner in a 1–0 win against Fiorentina, becoming the youngest Portuguese to score at least 10 goals in a single Serie A campaign. Seven days later, Leão's two assists to Sandro Tonali helped his team come from behind to defeat Hellas Verona 3–1 away from home, allowing his side to overtake rivals Inter at the top of the Serie A table. On 22 May, he provided a hat-trick of assists for the first time in his career as Milan beat Sassuolo 3–0 away from home to win their first Serie A title in eleven years. At the end of the season, Leão was awarded the Serie A MVP award for the 2021–22 season, finishing the campaign with 11 goals and 10 assists. Leão also established himself as one of the best dribblers (186) in Serie A and the 3rd best among European players after Vinícius Júnior (210) and Allan Saint-Maximin (205).


title: Rafael Leão

text: Leão started the season by scoring and providing an assist in a 2–0 home win against Bologna on 27 August. On 3 September, on his 100th appearance in Serie A, he scored a brace and provided an assist to Olivier Giroud in a 3–2 win against crosstown rivals Inter in the "Derby della Madonnina"; his second goal won him the Serie A Goal of the Month award for September. On 10 September, Leão was sent off for the first time in his club career, after being booked twice, for violent conduct (kicking the head of Alex Ferrari, while attempting to perform an acrobatic bicycle kick) early in the second half of Milan's 2–1 win over Sampdoria. During this time, in October, Leão was one of the 30 candidates who was nominated for the 2022 Ballon d'Or, being placed 14th place in the voting polls, the highest Portuguese player ranked in the voting list. Later that month, Leão was named Serie A Player of the Month.


title: Rafael Leão

text: With the Portugal under-17s, Leão participated in the 2016 UEFA European Under-17 Championship. In this competition, he played five out of six matches, not playing against the Netherlands in the semifinals. In the finals against Spain, Leão replaced Domingos Quina in the 79th minute; Portugal went on to win the competition for the sixth time, following a 5–4 penalty shoot-out victory after a 1–1 draw in extra-time.


title: Rafael Leão

text: With the under-19s, Leão participated in the 2017 UEFA European Under-19 Championship, helping finishing as runner-up, after losing in the final to England. At the 2019 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Poland he played all three games and scored the only goal in a 1–1 draw against South Africa, though his side did not advance from the group.


title: Rafael Leão

text: On 10 November 2017, aged only 18, Leão won his first cap for the Portugal under-21 side, playing 31 minutes in a 1–1 away draw against Romania for the 2019 UEFA European Championship qualifiers. He scored his first goal at that level on 10 September 2019, in a 2–0 victory in Belarus for the 2021 European Championship qualification campaign. In March 2021, Leão took part in the 2021 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, helping Portugal finish as runners-up, after losing in the final 1–0 to Germany.


title: Rafael Leão

text: On 5 October 2021, Leão was called up to the senior team for the first time, as a replacement for the injured Rafa Silva. Four days later, he made his international debut, replacing Cristiano Ronaldo at half-time and providing the assist for André Silva's goal in a 3–0 friendly defeat of Qatar.


title: Rafael Leão

text: In October 2022, he was named in Portugal's preliminary 55-man squad for the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar, being included in the final 26-man squad for the tournament. On 25 November, Leão scored his first international goal, closing Portugal's 3–2 group stage win against Ghana. Leão followed with a second World Cup goal on 6 December when he closed Portugal's 6–1 thrashing of Switzerland in the round of 16.


title: Rafael Leão

text: Leão is regarded as a skillful and technical player, capable of playing on either flank, due to his versatility. Tall and lean, Leão has a burst and speed to match, making him a dynamic forward. Having developed as a centre-forward at youth level, he offers a dynamic presence in the forward line. He stretches and disrupts defences with his movements, with and without the ball. Leão is a prolific and proficient dribbler; he drives from deep and then overtakes players in one-on-one situations around the box with maneuvers and changes to his speed. He is also capable of creating chances and providing assists for teammates from the left due to his vision. Inside the penalty area, he uses dribbles and movement to get into good positions. Leão has also been played as a striker because of his composure and eye for goal. During his managerial spell at Milan, Stefano Pioli deployed Leão as a supporting striker or a winger on either side of the pitch, rather than an out-and-out striker.


title: Rafael Leão

text: Leão drew comparisons to French player Kylian Mbappé, being called the 'Portuguese Mbappe'. Tiago Fernandes, who worked with him at the Sporting youth academy, told French newspaper "L'Équipe" that in his opinion the player was better than Cristiano Ronaldo at the same stage. Jesus, who later coached him in the first team, said that he reminded him of former club striker Rui Jordão. Leão's coach at Milan, Stefano Pioli and Italian manager Fabio Capello, compared him to former Arsenal striker Thierry Henry.


title: Rafael Leão

text: "Scores and results list Portugal's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Leão goal."


title: Japanese raccoon dog

text: The Japanese raccoon dog (Nyctereutes viverrinus), also known as the tanuki (, ), is a species of canid endemic to Japan. It is one of two species in the genus "Nyctereutes", alongside the common raccoon dog ("N. procyonoides"), of which it was formerly thought to be a subspecies.


title: Japanese raccoon dog

text: The Japanese raccoon dog has a relatively smaller stomach and shorter fur of lesser insulation value than mainland raccoon dogs. A rare, white colour type can also be found.


title: Japanese raccoon dog

text: Within Japanese folklore, the "tanuki" have had a significant role since ancient times. The legendary "tanuki" are reputed to be mischievous and jolly, masters of disguise and shapeshifting but somewhat gullible and absentminded. The animals have also been common in Japanese art, particularly as subjects for statues.


title: Japanese raccoon dog

text: While "tanuki" are prominent in Japanese folklore and proverbs, they were not always clearly distinguished from other animals with a similar appearance. In local dialects, "tanuki" and "mujina" (, "kyujitai": ) can refer to raccoon dogs or the Japanese badger. An animal known as "tanuki" in one region may be known as "mujina" in another region. In the modern Tokyo standard dialect, "tanuki" refers to raccoon dogs and "anaguma" refers to badgers.


title: Japanese raccoon dog

text: "Tanuki" is often mistakenly translated into English as "badger" or "raccoon" (as used in the English translation of the film "Pom Poko" and outlined in Tom Robbins' book "Villa Incognito"), two unrelated types of animals with superficially similar appearances. Traditionally, different areas of Japan had different names for raccoon dogs as animals, which would be used to denote different animals in other parts of the country, including badgers and wild cats; however, the official word in the standard Tokyo dialect is now "tanuki", a term that also carries the folkloric significance.


title: Japanese raccoon dog

text: The North American raccoon ("Procyon lotor") is translated as in Japanese, while badger is translated as or as .


title: Japanese raccoon dog

text: The Japanese raccoon dog is mainly nocturnal, but they are known to be active during daylight. They vocalize by growling or with groans that have pitches resembling those of domesticated cats. Like cats, the Japanese raccoon dog arches its back when it is trying to intimidate other animals; however,


title: Japanese raccoon dog

text: they assume a defensive posture similar to that of other canids, lowering their bodies and showing their bellies to submit.


title: Japanese raccoon dog

text: Usually social groups are limited to a breeding pair, but individual Japanese raccoon dogs may stay in a group of non-paired individuals until they find a mate.


title: Japanese raccoon dog

text: The species is predominantly monogamous. The breeding period for the species is synchronized between females and males and lasts between February and April. A litter (typically with 4–6 pups) is born after a gestation period of 9 weeks. The parents look after their pups at a den for around a month, and then for another month after the pups leave the den.


title: Japanese raccoon dog

text: They have been observed to climb trees to forage for fruits and berries, using their curved claws to climb.


title: Japanese raccoon dog

text: The Japanese raccoon dog is sometimes classified as its own distinct species due to unique chromosomal, behavioral, and morphological characteristics absent in mainland raccoon dogs. Researchers have suggested that they be considered a separate species, "N. viverrinus", or that raccoon dogs of Japan could be further divisible into separate subspecies as "N. p. procyonoides" and "N. p. albus", but both views were controversial. However, following morphological and genetic analysis across multiple studies, all of which indicated that "N. viverrinus" was a distinct species, it was later classified as such by the American Society of Mammalogists.


title: Japanese raccoon dog

text: Genetic analysis has confirmed unique sequences of mtDNA, classifying the Japanese raccoon dog as a distinct isolation species, based on evidence of eight Robertsonian translocations. The International Union for Conservation of Nature Canid Group's Canid Biology and Conservation Conference in September 2001 rejected the classification of the Japanese raccoon dog as a separate species, but its status is still disputed, based on its elastic genome. The karyotype of Japanese raccoon dogs is different from that of the mainland raccoon dogs. Though it is unknown whether mainland raccoon dogs and Japanese raccoon dogs can produce fertile offspring, it is assumed that the chromosomal differences between them would have deleterious effects on the fertility of the potential offspring and this would be indicative of speciation. Aggregators on mammal taxonomy are inconsistent: Like the IUCN, "Mammal Species of the World" (2005) considers the Japanese raccoon dog to be a subspecies, whereas the American Association of Mammologists include "N. viverrinus" as a valid species in their Mammal Diversity Database.


title: Japanese raccoon dog

text: The raccoon dogs from Hokkaido are sometimes recognized as a different subspecies from the mainland tanuki as "Nyctereutes procyonoides albus" (Hornaday, 1904) (or "N. viverrinus albus" if recognized as a distinct species). This taxon is synonymized with "N. p. viverrinus" in "Mammal Species of the World", but comparative morphometric analysis supports recognizing the Hokkaido population as a distinct subspecific unit.


title: Japanese raccoon dog

text: The IUCN places the raccoon dog at "least concern" status due to the animal's wide distribution in Japan and abundant population, including as an introduced species throughout northeastern Europe. In many European countries, it is legal to hunt raccoon dogs, as they are considered a harmful and invasive species. In Japan the species is hunted mainly to prevent them from damaging crops; however, their fur is desired for use in calligraphy brushes and was exported chiefly to the United States before the outbreak of World War II. The animal is a common victim of vehicle accidents, with conservative estimates of up to 370,000 Japanese raccoon dogs being killed by vehicles each year in Japan.


title: Japanese raccoon dog

text: The "tanuki" has a long history in Japanese legend and folklore. "Bake-danuki" () are a kind of "tanuki yōkai" (supernatural beings) found in the classics and in the folklore and legends of various places in Japan.


title: Japanese raccoon dog

text: Although the "tanuki" is a real, extant animal, the "bake-danuki" that appears in literature has always been depicted as a strange, even supernatural animal. The earliest appearance of the "bake-danuki" in literature, in the chapter about Empress Suiko in the "Nihon Shoki" written during the Nara period, there are such passages as "in two months of spring, there are tanuki in the country of Mutsu (), they turn into humans and sing songs ()". Bake-danuki subsequently appear in such classics as the Nihon Ryōiki and the Uji Shūi Monogatari. In some regions of Japan, "bake-danuki" are reputed to have abilities similar to those attributed to "kitsune" (foxes): they can shapeshift into other things or people, and can possess human beings.


title: Japanese raccoon dog

text: Many legends of "tanuki" exist in the Sado Islands of Niigata Prefecture and in Shikoku, and among them, like the Danzaburou-danuki of Sado, the Kinchō-tanuki and Rokuemon-tanuki of Awa Province (Tokushima Prefecture), and the Yashima no Hage-tanuki of Kagawa Prefecture, the "tanuki" that possessed special abilities were given names, and even became the subject of rituals. Apart from these places, "tanuki" are treated with special regard in a few cases.


title: Japanese raccoon dog

text: Tanuki (or their folklore version) are a recurring theme in Japanese popular culture. The first exposure of non-Japanese to tanuki usually comes through exported Japanese media. However, they are often described as "raccoons" in translation or assumed as such if no species is given.


title: Japanese raccoon dog

text: In Japanese slang, "tanuki gao" ("raccoon dog face") can refer to a face that looks like that of the animal, or a person's facial expression of feigned ignorance. By contrast, "kitsune gao" ("fox face") refers to people with narrow faces, close-set eyes, thin eyebrows, and high cheekbones.


title: Japanese raccoon dog

text: A dish called "" (""tanuki" soup") ceased to contain actual tanuki meat, but some rural stews do use tanuki.


title: Japanese raccoon dog

text: Of Japanese noodles, the words "tanuki" and "kitsune" designate two varieties of the udon or soba dishes. Neither contain any of those meats. Tanuki udon/soba contains flakes of fried tempura batter ("tenkasu"), while kitsune udon/soba contains fried tofu ("abura-age").


title: Toonami

text: Toonami ( ) is an American late night television programming block that primarily broadcasts Japanese animation and occasionally American action animation. It was created by Sean Akins and Jason DeMarco and produced by Williams Street, a division of Warner Bros. Television Studios, and owned by The Cartoon Network, Inc. subsidiary of Warner Bros. Discovery. The name is a portmanteau of the words "cartoon" and "tsunami". It currently broadcasts every Saturday night from 12 a.m. to 3 a.m. ET/PT.


title: Toonami

text: Toonami initially ran as a weekday afternoon block on Cartoon Network from 1997 until 2004, when it transitioned into a Saturday evening format until its closure four years later. Cartoon Network's block was primarily aimed at children and teens aged 9–15. In its original run from 1997 to 2008, the block was known for showcasing action oriented animation, with heavy focus on Japanese animation, which became widely popular with American audiences. Toonami is recognized for its distinctive space-themed backdrop, anime music videos, drum and bass-flavored soundtrack, and its robot host named T.O.M. (short for Toonami Operations Module).


title: Toonami

text: On May 26, 2012, Toonami was relaunched as a late night block on Adult Swim. The current incarnation is a rebrand of Adult Swim's Saturday night action block (itself inherited from Toonami's "Midnight Run" block), which primarily aired anime.


title: Toonami

text: Toonami was Cartoon Network's primary action-animation block. The block premiered on March 17, 1997, with "ThunderCats", "Cartoon Roulette", "Voltron", another episode of "Roulette", and "The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest" respectively as its first programs. It initially replaced Power Zone, Cartoon Network's most recent incarnation of the Super Adventures block, which had been a staple on the network since its debut on October 1, 1992. Toonami was originally a weekday afternoon cartoon and action block hosted by "Space Ghost" villain-turned-producer Moltar (voiced by C. Martin Croker) at the Ghost Planet Industries building from March 17, 1997, to July 10, 1999.


title: Toonami

text: On July 13, 1999, Cartoon Network retired previous host Moltar and relaunched Toonami with a new environment, the Ghost Planet Spaceship "Absolution", and a new host, a robot named T.O.M. (voiced by Sonny Strait), which introduced viewers to him with this speech:


title: Toonami

text: Soon afterwards, the first program of the T.O.M. era, the Sailor Moon episode "Sailor Mercury Moving On?", premiered. Also introduced that day was the Midnight Run, a late night block. It was originally a five-hour Saturday night block (technically Sunday) at midnight EST until March 2000, when it moved to weeknights in an hour-long format until January 2003. It consisted of anime such as "Dragon Ball Z", "Sailor Moon", "Voltron", "Robotech", "Mobile Suit Gundam Wing", "The Big O", and "Outlaw Star". Midnight Run tended to have more blood and violence than its daytime counterpart, even running an uncut version of "Gundam Wing" between March and November 2000. One special edition that started on Friday, August 31, 2001, featured music videos such as “Clint Eastwood” by Gorillaz, and songs by Daft Punk from their 2001 album "Discovery", the music videos of which constitute the 2003 Japanese-French musical "Interstella 5555", and Kenna's "Hellbent”. Another event was "Dragon Ball Z" taking over the Midnight Run for a week starting on March 26–30, 1999.


title: Toonami

text: A Saturday morning incarnation, Toonami Rising Sun, ran from 2000 to 2001 at 9:00 am to noon. It later ran from 10:00 am to 1:00 pm, then 11:00 am to 1:00 pm. This block was somewhat hampered to avoid competing with sister network Kids' WB.


title: Toonami

text: Starting in September 2000, Toonami presented special interactive events known as Total Immersion Events (TIEs). These TIEs took place both on-air during Toonami and online at the official site, Toonami.com, and always occurred the week that the block's most popular series, "Dragon Ball Z", returned for a new season. The first TIE was "The Intruder", which introduced T.O.M.'s companion, an AI matrix known as Sara (voiced by Sally Timms, singer for the British band The Mekons) "The Intruder" was an eight episode mini-series that aired during Toonami from September 18 to October 22, 2000. It involved the Absolution being attacked by an alien blob known only as "the Intruder", which ultimately devoured T.O.M.


title: Toonami

text: Though "The Intruder" resulted in the destruction of T.O.M., he was soon after upgraded by S.A.R.A. from a short Bomberman-esque character to a taller, sleeker, deeper-voiced incarnation dubbed T.O.M. 2 (voiced by Steve Blum, who has since been the voice of all subsequent incarnations of the character).


title: Toonami

text: From July 30, 2001, until June 28, 2002, Kids' WB (also owned by Time Warner) aired a Toonami block that was, more or less, the Kids' WB lineup with the Toonami name. Although "Toonami on Kids' WB" brought over shows such as "Sailor Moon", "Dragon Ball Z", and "The Powerpuff Girls" to broadcast television, it was critically panned by industry observers, who noticed that the action branding of the block - which had added shows such as "Generation O!", "Scooby-Doo", and "The Nightmare Room", a live-action series created by "Goosebumps" author R. L. Stine - did not translate content-wise. And while the cross promotion between Cartoon Network and Kids' WB did allow for series to be shared between the networks, most of these only lasted a short period of time. This included "Dragon Ball Z" and "Sailor Moon" appearing on "Toonami on Kids' WB" for only two weeks, and "Cardcaptors" appearing on the main Toonami block on Cartoon Network for only two weeks. In spring 2002, Kids' WB announced that they would drop the Toonami name from their weekday lineup, once again making the Toonami brand exclusive to Cartoon Network.


title: Toonami

text: The TIE, "Lockdown", aired between September 17–21, 2001, and included the introduction of CartoonNetwork.com's first MMORPG, as well as a record-breaking amount of page views and ratings for the network. In "Lockdown" T.O.M. fights to save the Absolution from an attack by a giant trash compactor. "Trapped in Hyperspace", the next TIE, ran the week of September 16–20, 2002. Sara gets taken offline by a computer virus named Swayzak (whose voice actor is unknown but is speculated to be Khary Payton), and TOM is trapped in hyperspace. He manages to defeat Swayzak before the Absolution hits Earth. The game tie-in for this event is lost.


title: Toonami

text: During the week of February 24–28, 2003, Cartoon Network aired on Toonami "Giant Robot Week," a five-day special based on mecha series, which were licensed by A.D. Vision. The series shown were "Neon Genesis Evangelion", "Gigantor", "Robotech", "Martian Successor Nadesico", and "Dai-Guard".


title: Toonami

text: In March 2003, TOM was revamped into a more muscular figure. This was explained in-universe as him being rebuilt after fighting a space pirate named Orcelot Rex in the comic "Endgame". His voice also became more humanlike.


title: Toonami

text: In September 2003, a mini series premiered introducing a new, 2D universe. "Immortal Grand Prix" ("IGPX"), created by Toonami producers Sean Akins and Jason DeMarco, and produced by anime studio Production I.G, aired in five short installments, serving as a pilot for the second Toonami original series, which premiered in November 2005.


title: Toonami

text: On April 17, 2004, Toonami was moved from weekday afternoons to a Saturday evening slot, where it aired regularly for four hours starting at 7:00 pm EST. A new lighter-toned action block, Miguzi, premiered two weekdays in its place. Toonami also replaced the block known as Saturday Video Entertainment System (SVES). One reason for the move from weekdays to Saturday nights was because some of the shows on the weekday lineup became too violent for a weekday broadcast on the network. The new Toonami lineup showcased anime such as "Naruto", "Rave Master", "Duel Masters", "Mobile Suit Gundam SEED", "One Piece", "Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo", "Zatch Bell", and "Pokémon Chronicles", as well as premiered North American productions including "Teen Titans", "Megas XLR", "Justice League Unlimited", and "IGPX", Toonami's first and only original production co-produced by Production I.G and Bandai Entertainment. Sara got a full body during this period, and became more anime-esque, along with her voice actress being changed to British actress and "Red Dwarf" star Samantha Robson.


title: Toonami

text: Although "Megas XLR" was the first original American-made franchise to actually debut on the block, it was initially a Cartoon Network original that was planned to air on Friday nights. Other Cartoon Network action properties, namely "Samurai Jack", "Teen Titans", and "Justice League", aired on Toonami, but were not exclusive to the block until their final seasons.


title: Toonami

text: On January 27, 2007, a teaser commercial aired during the "Xiaolin Showdown" marathon on Cartoon Network, featuring closeup shots of larger Clydes (the remote robot explorers that have been a fixture of Toonami since the beginning) and two new robot A.I's along with the date "3/17/07" and T.O.M.'s chest emblem glowing blue. On March 17, Toonami celebrated its 10th anniversary with a new packaging and numerous montages celebrating the block. T.O.M. was revamped into a shorter robot with more humanoid facial features who was a commander of a jungle control room and aided by two new robots, Flash (Dave Wittenberg) and D (Tom Kenny). The montages included a look at past hosts, former logos, and a decade's worth of clips and voice-overs from shows that aired on Toonami. There were a total of four montages, each with different clips, and three were one minute long.


title: Toonami

text: As part of the anniversary (and to coincide with Cartoon Network's March Movie Madness event), Toonami planned another month of movies:


title: Toonami

text: On September 20, 2008, at the Anime Weekend Atlanta convention in Atlanta, Georgia, Cartoon Network announced that they had cancelled the Toonami block due to low ratings. Toonami then aired its final broadcast later that same evening. The final show to air on the block was a rerun of "Samurai Jack" at 10:30 PM. Employees who worked on the block moved to other parts of the channel, except for Dennis Moloney, who left Turner to work for Disney. Toonami Jetstream remained with the Toonami name until January 30, 2009. At the end of Toonami's final airing, T.O.M. 4 ended the block with a brief, final monologue, backed by the song "Cascade" by Tycho:


title: Toonami

text: After Toonami's final episode on TV, Toonami Jetstream's subsequent shut down in 2009 marked the end of this incarnation until the brand's revival in 2012.


title: Toonami

text: On April 1, 2012, Adult Swim aired the Toonami block for their annual April Fools' Day prank, in which would be the annual airing of "The Room". After airing that week's scheduled episode of "Bleach", the Toonami-related programming continued throughout the night, featuring shows such as "Dragon Ball Z", "Mobile Suit Gundam Wing", "Tenchi Muyo!", "Outlaw Star", "The Big O", "YuYu Hakusho", "Blue Submarine No. 6", "Trigun", "Astro Boy" (1963), and "Gigantor". The following day, Adult Swim posted a message to their Twitter page, simply stating, "Want it back? Let us know. #BringBackToonami". On April 4, Adult Swim followed up this tweet with one stating, "#BringBackToonami We've heard you. Thank you for your passion and interest - stay tuned." On April 8, Adult Swim aired two bumpers about the Toonami tweets and answered with "[we're listening]" and "[we're looking into it]".


title: Toonami

text: On May 16, Adult Swim posted a message on Facebook announcing that Toonami would return on May 26. The network issued a press release later that day confirming the block's revival as a Saturday late-night action block. Toonami made its return on May 26, with an initial lineup consisting of current Adult Swim Action programs, along with premieres of "Deadman Wonderland" and "Casshern Sins". On August 18, "Samurai 7" and "Eureka Seven" replaced "Deadman Wonderland" and "Cowboy Bebop". In essence, the revived block is very similar to the Midnight Run of the original, airing uncut programming as well as having more mature themes.


title: Toonami

text: On October 6, Toonami expanded to a full six hours; "Sym-Bionic Titan" and "ThunderCats" were added to the block. "Tenchi Muyo! GXP" was announced as the next premiere on November 3, as was the return of "Inuyasha". On November 22, Toonami announced they would air uncut episodes of "Naruto", and confirmed that "Bleach" would enter reruns for eight weeks, beginning on December 1.


title: Toonami

text: On January 6, 2013, Toonami introduced a new blue color scheme, after using a similar scheme to introduce "Inuyasha" on November 3 of the previous year. New episodes of "Bleach" began on January 26. On February 16, "Soul Eater" began airing on Toonami, replacing "Samurai 7". During MomoCon, new designs for both T.O.M and the Absolution were unveiled, along with the announcement that overall design of the block would be changed.


title: Toonami

text: On April 27, 2013, Toonami premiered its new look, featuring the return of supporting host Sara (now voiced by Adult Swim staff member Dana Swanson.) To kick off 2014, Toonami premiered the anime "Space Dandy" on January 4, even before Japan. The anime ran for two seasons and 26 episodes before ending that September. The block introduced a new aesthetic on April 6. This new look also featured the return of the "Ninja Tune" record label to Toonami. "Intruder II", the first Total Immersion Event since Toonami's 2012 revival, began on November 7 and concluded on December 20, 2015, with Sonny Strait reprising his role as The Intruder with Steve Blum, who also is The Intruder and TOM 5. On December 2, Adult Swim announced that a new season of "Samurai Jack" was being produced. It ended up premiering on Toonami in March 2017. The conclusion of "Intruder III" in 2016 led to another new look to Toonami.


title: Toonami

text: On December 31, 2016, Toonami aired its first subtitled anime broadcast with the music video of Porter Robinson and Madeon's "Shelter", produced in collaboration with A-1 Pictures and Crunchyroll. However, the subtitled parts in both the start and end of the music video have been removed due to an unknown error. As of right now, it is unknown that the full version of the music video could air in the future.


title: Toonami

text: A fifth T.I.E. titled "Countdown" was released from November 4 through November 25, 2017. It centers T.O.M. being sent into the future where SARA takes over the Vindication after passing through an unknown nebula while his future counterpart travels to the present to destroy the ship to prevent her from becoming evil. The event concluded with T.O.M. having scratches and minimal damage on his body.


title: Toonami

text: On March 20, 2018, Production I.G. and Adult Swim announced that two new seasons of FLCL, "FLCL Progressive", and "FLCL Alternative" would premiere on Toonami in 2018, with the date set for June 2 at 11:30PM. On April Fools' Day 2018, Toonami was entirely dubbed in Japanese and kicked the prank off by airing a preview of the first episode of "FLCL Alternative" in Japanese with English subtitles. The Toonami logo was also changed to Japanese (stylized as トゥナミ). Toonami followed the sneak preview by airing the film "Mind Game" and aired programming after that was originally scheduled after "Black Clover", except "Iron-Blooded Orphans", in original Japanese with English subtitles. The English dubbed version of all of the programs that have aired on that week, including a review of "Nier Automata", except for the sneak preview of "FLCL Alternative", as well as "Mind Game" and "Scavengers", would air a week later. TOM was voiced by Masa Kanome, a Japanese stunt actor who had been in a Wolverine movie, and Sara was voiced by Fusako Shiotani.


title: Toonami

text: On September 29, Toonami expanded to seven full hours from 9 PM to 4 AM with "" as the marquee addition. On December 13, it was announced that Toonami would remove "Dragon Ball Z Kai" and "Samurai Jack" from its lineup, cutting the block down to 6 hours. Also, the block would be moved back and would air from 11 PM-5 AM, starting on January 5, 2019, because of Adult Swim taking back the 8 PM hour from Cartoon Network.


title: Toonami

text: On January 24, it was announced that Toonami would remove "Pop Team Epic" and "Iron-Blooded Orphans" from its lineup, cutting the block down to 5 hours.


title: Toonami

text: On May 13, 2019, Adult Swim announced that Toonami would be shifting its whole block thirty minutes earlier, starting at 10:30 PM and ending at 3:30 AM, cutting a half-hour rerun of "Family Guy". The changes began on May 25, 2019.


title: Toonami

text: On June 27, 2019, it was announced that Toonami would be shifting its whole block back at 11:00 PM and ending at 4:00 AM, in addition to premiering "" at 1:00AM. The changes began on July 6, 2019. On July 4 at Anime Expo and on Facebook, it was announced that "" would be joining the block this Fall. On July 20, it was revealed that Fire Force would be joining the block at 1:00 AM. On July 7 at RTX 2019, it was announced that "" would be joining the block on August 3. On August 16, it was announced that Toonami would expand 30 minutes and reshuffling its block with "Dr. Stone" at 12:00 AM.


title: Toonami

text: Following the events of "The Forge", T.O.M. 5 was killed by the Forge Commander, he was rebuilt, and after his fellow Yellow T.O.Ms escaped with the Vindication, the new TOM 6 and SARA v4 were forced to continue Toonami from the Forge space station.


title: Toonami

text: On January 8, 2020, it was announced that "" would premiere on the network on January 18. On January 23, it was announced that Toonami would be reducing the block to five hours, as "Fire Force" was ending its run; the new block aired from 11:00 PM to 4:00 AM. On February 6, it was announced that the block would lose another one and a half hours, as "Dr. Stone" was ending its run, while reruns of "The Promised Neverland" and "Attack on Titan" would also cease. This reduced the length of the block to three and a half hours, which aired from 11:30 PM to 3:00 AM. On April 8, it was announced that Toonami would be reduced to a three-hour block, as "Sword Art Online: Alicization - War of Underworld" was ending its run.


title: Toonami

text: On April 15, it was announced that "Paranoia Agent" would premiere on April 25 and that "" would be removed from the block until a new agreement was struck for the next season. On June 3, it was announced that the run of "" would be put on hold due to dubbing production problems associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, with the Adult Swim original series "" temporarily replacing it on Toonami starting on June 6.


title: Toonami

text: On July 26, it was announced that "JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Golden Wind" would be returning on August 1, starting with episode 29. That same day, block runner Jason DeMarco tweeted that Toonami had six original projects in total in the works, including three that were unannounced at the time. On July 28, the second season of "Fire Force" was confirmed with an expected air date of October 24, however it was later rescheduled to November 7. On August 4, it was announced that Toonami: Dark Knights was confirmed for DC FanDome has 4 Batman movies in two weeks, including , , "" and "Batman: The Dark Knight Returns Part 2" with an expected air date of August 15, however it was later again on August 22. On August 22, it was announced that "Assassination Classroom" would premiere on August 29. On October 20, it was announced that "Sword Art Online: Alicization - War of Underworld" would be returning on November 7, starting with episode 39. On November 16, it was announced that "Primal" was confirmed as the marathon on November 28 for the entire season. On December 11, it was announced again that Toonami Wonder Woman night was confirmed for DC FanDome has the entire regularly scheduled lineup was pre-empted by back-to-back movie presentations, including "" and "" on December 19. On December 24, 2020, it was announced that "SSSS.Gridman" would premiere in January 2021. On December 28, 2020, it was announced that Toonami would be increasing the block back to four hours as "Attack on Titan" would return on January 9, 2021.


title: Toonami

text: On February 1, 2021, it was announced that "Black Clover" would be returning to February 13, starting with episode 137.


title: Toonami

text: On February 10, 2021, it was announced that "Food Wars!: The Third Plate" would be returning on February 27, to replace "Assassination Classroom". On March 17, 2021, it was announced that "The Promised Neverland" would be returning as the season two premiere on April 10. On June 8, 2021, it was announced that "" would premiere on June 26. On July 13, 2021, it was announced that "Harley Quinn" was confirmed as the marathon on August 7 for the entire season. On November 10, 2021, it was announced that for one night only, Toonami would receive an extra night of programming on November 26, 2021. The lineup featured Shinichiro Watanabe's "Blade Runner Black Out 2022" short, the live-action "Blade Runner 2049" film, and the first three episodes of "".


title: Toonami

text: On January 8, 2022, Toonami announced that they will be airing a new show every week "for the next month or so" beginning with the second season of "Assassination Classroom". They would later announce the arrival of "Made in Abyss", return of "One Piece", premiere date of "Shenmue", and arrival of the second part of the fourth season of "Attack on Titan". On February 2, 2022, Jason Demarco confirmed that an original series from the Cartoon Network block that will be arriving later this year and three additional series are set to arrive in 2023. On February 19, 2022, a second round of "Cosmo Samurai" episodes began premiering to celebrate the block's 25th anniversary. On March 13, 2022, it was announced that a new T.I.E., "The Return", would air in two parts to celebrate the block's 25th anniversary. Running for two minutes each, the event saw TOM 6 and SARA v4 going to the GPS Absolution Mk. XIV, an upgraded version of the Absolution that was sent back in time from 250 years in the future, for the next graphical rebrand, and the Forge is now abandoned. On March 17, 2022, a new original series, "Housing Complex C", was announced for a 2022 release and two new seasons of "FLCL" for 2023. On April 7, it was announced that "Lupin the 3rd Part 6" would premiere on the block, replacing "Made in Abyss" on April 16. On May 18, it was announced that an original anime series directed by Sunghoo Park, titled "Ninja Kamui", would premiere on Toonami.


title: Toonami

text: On March 26, 2001, Cartoon Network launched Toonami Reactor, their first online streaming video service. The three-month service featured streaming episodes from "Dragon Ball Z" and "Star Blazers", the latter of which was an online-exclusive series. Editorial content was provided by the now-defunct "Animerica Magazine", published by VIZ Media. After the three-month "trial run" was over, Cartoon Network took it offline and completely revamped it.


title: Toonami

text: On November 14, 2001, Cartoon Network relaunched Toonami Reactor with all online-exclusive programs such as "Star Blazers", "", "Harlock Saga", and "Record of Lodoss War", as well as videos from Daft Punk and Toonami-themed games. In the summer of 2002, Toonami Reactor was revamped again under the Adult Swim aegis and, in a joint venture with VIZ's "Weekly Shonen Jump", programmed it as "Adult Swim Pipeline." It featured episodes and/or manga chapters from "One Piece", "Naruto", "Shaman King", "Yu Yu Hakusho", and "Sand Land."


title: Toonami

text: On April 25, 2006, Cartoon Network and VIZ Media announced plans to launch Toonami Jetstream, a new ad-supported streaming video service featuring Toonami series like "Naruto", "Samurai Jack", "Megas XLR", and "IGPX", and the Internet webcast premieres of "Hikaru no Go", "MÄR", "Eyeshield 21", "The Prince of Tennis, MegaMan Star Force", "Kiba", "MegaMan NT Warrior", and "", the latter two of which were never streamed.


title: Toonami

text: Toonami Jetstream launched on July 17, 2006 (after a brief unofficial sneak preview that began on July 14), and offered episodes of "Naruto", "Hikaru no Go", "MÄR", "Zatch Bell!", "Pokémon", "Blue Dragon", "Samurai Jack", "Kiba", "Storm Hawks" and "".


title: Toonami

text: On January 31, 2009, Toonami Jetstream was discontinued. Since then, many of the shows aired until cancellation aired on Cartoon Network Video on its main website.


title: Toonami

text: In 2012, Adult Swim rebranded their action videos section as "Toonami shows." It initially featured content from "Durarara!!", which never aired on the Toonami block.


title: Toonami

text: On February 27, 2015, adultswim.com launched the online show "Toonami: Pre-Flight" hosted by Toonami producers Jason DeMarco and Gill Austin. The first two episodes premiered on a Friday at 5:00 p.m. Eastern time, and was then moved to Tuesday at 5:00 p.m. Eastern time until September 25, 2015, when the show was moved back to Fridays at 6:30 p.m. Eastern time. Each episode features a series highlight, a weekly topic and other featurettes like sneak peeks at promos and spots, as well as announcements, and segments from voiceover talent Steve Blum and Dana Swanson. Toonami has also done panels from MomoCon, San Diego Comic-Con, Dragon Con and Anime Expo which they've streamed as part of Pre-Flight either live or on tape delay. On November 14, 2020, "Toonami: Pre-Flight" aired its final episode.


title: Toonami

text: The anime-oriented streaming service company Crunchyroll became a sibling asset to Adult Swim after AT&T's acquisition of Time Warner, and its subsequent acquisition of the remaining shares in AT&T's existing venture Otter Media. In March 2019, Adult Swim and Otter were briefly placed under Warner Bros. as part of a corporate reorganization. The corresponding announcement stated that there would be synergies between Toonami and the service; the two properties had already announced a collaboration on "", an anime series set within the "Blade Runner" universe. In July 2020, Adult Swim and Crunchyroll announced a new anime series collaboration, titled "". At the virtual Crunchyroll Expo in September 2020, the two entities announced yet another collaboration titled "Shenmue", an anime series based on the video game series by Sega.


title: Toonami

text: Outside the United States, Cartoon Network aired Toonami blocks in Australia from 2001 to 2006. In the United Kingdom, Toonami was a standalone channel from 2003 to 2007. In December 2012, Toonami was launched as a standalone channel in Asia-Pacific. Similar channels were launched in India in 2015, France in 2016 and Africa in 2017. The Southeast Asian and Indian channels have since been closed by 2018.


title: Toonami

text: The programming block was launched in 2001 in Australia as a weekend block on Cartoon Network. It aired on Saturday from 6:00 pm to 8:00 pm and on Sunday from 3:00 pm to 5:00 pm with a repeat on both nights from 11:00 pm to 1:00 am. The programming was then converted to a weekday block shortly there after. The programming was dropped from the channel in August 2006.


title: Toonami

text: The French version of the Toonami television channel was launched on February 11, 2016. It is operated by Turner Broadcasting System France, in France, Switzerland, Morocco, Madagascar and Mauritius.


title: Toonami

text: An Indian version of Toonami was first launched as a block in 2001 and was then followed by a stand-alone channel in 2015. It ceased operations on May 15, 2018.


title: Toonami

text: The Japanese version of Toonami was first launched as a programming block for Cartoon Network Japan on July 22, 2002. In contrast to its American and international counterparts, the Japanese version of Toonami aired North American action cartoons instead of anime. It ceased operations in 2008.


title: Toonami

text: On December 2, 2002, Cartoon Network premiered the Toonami block, replacing a similarly themed block, Talisman. The weekend block of Toonami was then replaced by the premiere of Adult Swim in Latin America on October 7, 2005. In 2007, Cartoon Network cut the Toonami block completely from the channel.


title: Toonami

text: The block was revived on Cartoon Network in partnership with Crunchyroll beginning on August 31, 2020. The revived Toonami block runs every weeknight from 12 a.m. to 1 a.m. local time. The block aired for the last time on August 30, 2022, as the partnership has expired after 2 years.


title: Toonami

text: Toonami was launched as a programming block on Cartoon Network in Pakistan and ran from 2004 to 2013.


title: Toonami

text: A stand-alone Toonami channel was launched in Southeast Asia replacing Boomerang on December 1, 2012. Although it replaced Boomerang, the channel was relaunched in 2015 alongside Toonami. The channel shut down on March 31, 2018, making it the longest running stand alone channel out all of them, lasting 6 years.


title: Toonami

text: A Toonami television channel was launched in sub-Saharan Africa on June 1, 2017. It was available on Kwesé satellite television platform.


title: Toonami

text: The African Toonami was relaunched on March 27, 2020, as a pop-up channel on DStv until mid-May 2020 when it was relaunched as a permanent channel on StarTimes (channel 306 satellite, 355 DTT).


title: Toonami

text: Toonami was launched as a programming block on Cartoon Network in the UK and Ireland in 2001. In October 2002, it then became part of CNX, a new spin-off channel. Almost a year later, CNX was relaunched as Toonami in 2003 turning the block into a stand-alone channel. The channel shut down on May 24, 2007, replaced by a 24-hour Cartoon Network Too.


title: Pegasus

text: Pegasus (; ) is one of the best known creatures in Greek mythology. He is a winged divine stallion usually depicted as pure white in color. He was sired by Poseidon, in his role as horse-god, and foaled by the Gorgon Medusa. He was the brother of Chrysaor, born at a single birthing when his mother was decapitated by Perseus. Greco-Roman poets wrote about his ascent to heaven after his birth and his obeisance to Zeus, king of the gods, who instructed him to bring lightning and thunder from Olympus.


title: Pegasus

text: Pegasus is the creator of Hippocrene, the fountain on Mount Helicon. He was captured by the Greek hero Bellerophon, near the fountain Peirene, with the help of Athena and Poseidon. Pegasus allowed Bellerophon to ride him in order to defeat the monster Chimera, which led to many more exploits. Bellerophon later fell from Pegasus's back while trying to reach Mount Olympus. Both Pegasus and Bellerophon were said to have died at the hands of Zeus for trying to reach Olympus.


title: Pegasus

text: Pegasus was eventually brought to Olympus by Zeus. There, he was stabled next to Zeus' thunderbolts. One of his duties included carrying Zeus' thunderbolts. He was eventually turned into a constellation. Pegasus is the subject of a very rich iconography, especially through the ancient Greek pottery and paintings and sculptures of the Renaissance.


title: Pegasus

text: The poet Hesiod presents a folk etymology of the name "Pegasus" as derived from 'spring, well', referring to "the "pegai" of Okeanos, where he was born".


title: Pegasus

text: A proposed etymology of the name is Luwian 'lightning', and , a local Luwian-Hittite name in southern Cilicia of a weather deity associated with thunder and lightning. The proponents of this etymology adduce the role of Pegasus, reported as early as Hesiod, as the bringer of thunderbolts to Zeus. That interpretation was first suggested in 1952 and remains widely accepted, but Robin Lane Fox (2009) has criticized it as implausible.


title: Pegasus

text: Michael Brown, who has been studying ancient and medieval Greek poetry in the context of the Greek-North European dialogue, has concluded from his studies that the word "Pegasus" is a pre-Celtic-PIE word, one that did not evolve into one of the numerous common names listed in both Greek and Western languages. This concept is discussed further in "Linguistics and Classical Theology", by William S. R. Miller, which is based on his work with Charles F. G. Osterhaus's analysis of the word and its relationships to Greek and Italian. The relationship of "Pegasus" to "Cyrillic" is discussed further in his Phrygian Monikers and the Naming of Greek Pronunciation "Cyrillic or Pene-Orthogyrin" and "Pegasus" as an Early Semitic construct.


title: Pegasus

text: According to early myths, everywhere the winged horse struck his hoof to the earth, an inspiring water spring burst forth. One of these springs was upon the Muses' Mount Helicon, the "Hippocrene" ("horse spring"). Antoninus Liberalis has suggested, that it was opened at the behest of Poseidon to prevent the mountain swelling with rapture at the song of the Muses. Another spring associated with Pegasus was at Troezen. Hesiod relates how Pegasus was peacefully drinking from a spring when the hero Bellerophon captured him.


title: Pegasus

text: There are several versions of the birth of the winged stallion and his brother Chrysaor in the far distant place at the edge of Earth, Hesiod's "springs of Oceanus", which encircles the inhabited earth, where Perseus found Medusa:


title: Pegasus

text: One is that they sprang from the blood issuing from Medusa's neck as Perseus was beheading her, similar to the manner in which Athena was born from the head of Zeus after he swallowed her pregnant mother.


title: Pegasus

text: In another version, when Perseus beheaded Medusa, the brothers were born of the Earth, when the Gorgon's blood fell upon her. A variation of this story holds that they were formed from the mingling of Medusa's blood, pain, and sea foam, implying that Poseidon had involvement in their making.


title: Pegasus

text: The last version bears resemblance to Hesiod's account of the birth of Aphrodite from the foam created when the severed genitals of Uranus were cast into the sea by Cronus.


title: Pegasus

text: Pegasus aided the hero Bellerophon in his fight against the Chimera. There are varying tales about how Bellerophon found Pegasus; the most common being that the hero was told by Polyeidos to sleep in the temple of Athena, where the goddess visited him in the night and presented him with a golden bridle. The next morning, still clutching the bridle, Bellerophon found Pegasus drinking at the Pierian spring, caught him, and eventually tamed him.


title: Pegasus

text: Michaud's "Biographie universelle" relates that when Pegasus was born, he flew to where thunder and lightning are released. Then, according to certain versions of the myth, Athena tamed him and gave him to Perseus, who flew to Ethiopia to help Andromeda.


title: Pegasus

text: After Bellerophon fell off Pegasus while trying to reach Olympus, Pegasus and Athena left him and continued to Olympus where he was stabled with other steeds belonging to Zeus, and was given the task of carrying Zeus' thunderbolts, along with other members of his entourage, his attendants/handmaidens/shield bearers/shieldmaidens, Astrape and Bronte.


title: Pegasus

text: Because of his years of faithful service to Zeus, Pegasus was later honoured with transformation into a constellation. On the day of his "catasterism", when Zeus transformed him into a constellation, a single feather fell to the earth near the city of Tarsus.


title: Pegasus

text: The pegasus became a common element in British heraldry, appearing chiefly as a supporter or a crest. Pegasi may also appear upon escutcheons, although this is rare. A pegasus rampant is featured on the arms of the Inner Temple, while those of the Richardson family contain a rare depiction of a pegasus sejant.


title: Pegasus

text: During World War II, the silhouetted image of Bellerophon the warrior, mounted on the winged Pegasus, was adopted by the United Kingdom's newly raised parachute troops in 1941 as their upper sleeve insignia.


title: Pegasus

text: The image clearly symbolized a warrior arriving at a battle by air, the same tactics used by paratroopers. The square upper-sleeve insignia comprised Bellerophon/Pegasus in light blue on a maroon background. One source suggests that the insignia was designed by famous English novelist Daphne du Maurier, who was wife of the commander of the 1st Airborne Division (and later the expanded British Airborne Forces), General Frederick "Boy" Browning. According to the British Army Website, the insignia was designed by the celebrated East Anglian painter Major Edward Seago in May 1942. The maroon background on the insignia was later used again by the Airborne Forces when they adopted the famous maroon beret in Summer 1942. The beret was the origin of the German nickname for British airborne troops, the Red Devils. Today's Parachute Regiment carries on the maroon beret tradition. The selection process for the elite Parachute Regiment is called Pegasus Company (often abbreviated to "P Company").


title: Pegasus

text: In 2015 it was announced that the units of 16 Air Assault Brigade would once again use the Pegasus insignia after a 15-year hiatus.


title: Pegasus

text: During the airborne phase of the Normandy invasion on the night of 5–6 June 1944, British 6th Airborne Division captured all its key objectives in advance of the seaborne assault, including the capture and holding at all costs of a vital bridge over the Caen Canal, near Ouistreham. In memory of their tenacity, the bridge has been known ever since as Pegasus Bridge.


title: Pegasus

text: The Tuscan National Liberation Committee during the German occupation of Italy also had a Pegasus as its emblem. The winged horse is still featured on the Tuscan flag and coat of arms.


title: Pegasus

text: The winged horse has provided an instantly recognizable corporate logo or emblem of inspiration. Ecuador launched its weather satellite, named "Pegaso" (, Pegasus in Spanish), on 26 April 2013 but it was damaged by Russian space debris. Pegasus Airlines (Turkish: Pegasus Hava Taşımacılığı A.Ş.) is a low-cost airline headquartered in the Kurtköy area of Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey. Mobil Oil has had a Pegasus as its company logo since its affiliation with Magnolia Petroleum Company in the 1930s.


title: Sergeant

text: Sergeant (abbreviated to Sgt. and capitalized when used as a named person's title) is a rank in many uniformed organizations, principally military and policing forces. The alternative spelling, "serjeant", is used in The Rifles and other units that draw their heritage from the British light infantry. Its origin is the Latin , 'one who serves', through the French term .


title: Sergeant

text: The term "sergeant" refers to a non-commissioned officer placed above the rank of a corporal, and a police officer immediately below a lieutenant in the US, and below an inspector in the UK. In most armies, the rank of sergeant corresponds to command of a squad (or section). In Commonwealth armies, it is a more senior rank, corresponding roughly to a platoon second-in-command. In the United States Army, sergeant is a more junior rank corresponding to a squad- (12 person) or platoon- (36 person) leader.


title: Sergeant

text: More senior non-commissioned ranks are often variations on sergeant, for example staff sergeant, gunnery sergeant, master sergeant, first sergeant, and sergeant major.


title: Sergeant

text: In medieval European usage, a sergeant was simply any attendant or officer with a protective duty. Any medieval knight or military order of knighthood might have "sergeants-at-arms", meaning servants able to fight if needed. The etymology of the term is from Anglo-French , "servant, valet, court official, soldier", from Middle Latin "servant, vassal, soldier".


title: Sergeant

text: Later, a "soldier sergeant" was a man of what would now be thought of as the "middle class", fulfilling a slightly junior role to the knight in the medieval hierarchy. Sergeants could fight either as heavy cavalry, light cavalry, or as trained professional infantry; either spearmen or crossbowmen. Most notable medieval mercenaries fell into the "sergeant" class, such as Flemish crossbowmen and spearmen, who were seen as reliable quality troops. The sergeant class was deemed to be 'worth half of a knight' in military value.


title: Sergeant

text: A specific kind of military sergeant was the serjeant-at-arms, one of a body of armed men retained by English lords and monarchs. The title is now given to an officer in modern legislative bodies who is charged with keeping order during meetings and, if necessary, forcibly removing disruptive members.


title: Sergeant

text: The term had also civilian applications quite distinct and different from the military sergeant, though sharing the etymological origin – for example the serjeant-at-law, historically an important and prestigious order of English lawyers.


title: Sergeant

text: "Sergeant" is generally the lowest rank of sergeant, with individual military entities choosing some additional words to signify higher-ranking individuals. What terms are used, and what seniority they signify, is to a great extent dependent on the individual armed service. The term "sergeant" is also used in many appointment titles.


title: Sergeant

text: In most non-naval military or paramilitary organizations, the various grades of sergeant are non-commissioned officers (NCOs) ranking above privates and corporals, and below warrant officers and commissioned officers. The responsibilities of a sergeant differ from army to army. There are usually several ranks of sergeant, each corresponding to greater experience and responsibility for the daily lives of the soldiers of larger units. In police forces, sergeants are usually team leaders in charge of an entire team of constables to senior constables at large stations, to being in charge of sectors involving several police stations. In country areas, sergeants are often in charge of an entire station and its constabulary. Senior sergeants are usually in specialist areas and are in charge of sergeants and thus act as middle management.


title: Sergeant

text: Sergeant (Sgt) is a rank in both the Australian Army and the Royal Australian Air Force. The ranks are equivalent to each other and the Royal Australian Navy rank of petty officer.


title: Sergeant

text: Although the rank insignia of the RAAF rank of flight sergeant (Flt Sgt) and the Australian Army rank of staff sergeant (SSgt) are identical, flight sergeant in fact outranks the rank of staff sergeant in the classification of rank equivalencies. The Australian Army rank of staff sergeant is now redundant and is no longer awarded, due to being outside the rank equivalencies and the next promotional rank is warrant officer class two. Chief petty officers and flight sergeants are not required to call a warrant officer class two "sir" in accordance with Australian Defence Force Regulations 1952 (Regulation 8).


title: Sergeant

text: The rank of sergeant exists in all Australian police forces and is of higher ranking than a constable or senior constable, but lower than an inspector.


title: Sergeant

text: The sergeant structure varies among state police forces, generally two sergeant ranks are commonly classed as non-commissioned officers:


title: Sergeant

text: South Australia Police has the additional rank of brevet sergeant (two chevrons below an inverted arrow head) which is an authorization for a temporarily higher rank. A brevet sergeant is less senior than a sergeant.


title: Sergeant

text: New South Wales Police Force has the additional rank of incremental sergeant (three chevrons and a crown). This is an incremental progression, following an appointment as a sergeant for seven years. An incremental sergeant rank is less senior than a senior sergeant but is more senior than a sergeant.


title: Sergeant

text: Within the New South Wales Police Force, a sergeant is a team leader or supervisory rank, whilst the rank of senior sergeant is a middle management rank with coordination responsibilities over human and physical resources.


title: Sergeant

text: All three sergeant ranks are informally referred to as "sergeant", or "sarge". However, at the New South Wales Police Academy, recruits must address all ranks of sergeants as "sergeant", and senior sergeants as "senior sergeant".


title: Sergeant

text: Sergeant is a non-commissioned officer rank in the Bangladesh Army, falling between master sergeant and corporal.


title: Sergeant

text: Sergeant is a non-commissioned officer rank in the Bangladesh Air Force, falling between warrant officer and corporal.


title: Sergeant

text: Sergeant is a subordinate officer rank in the Bangladesh Police, falling between assistant sub-inspector (ASI) and sub-inspector (SI).


title: Sergeant

text: Sergeant (Sgt) ( or ) is an Army or Air Force non-commissioned officer rank of the Canadian Armed Forces. Its naval equivalent is petty officer 2nd class (). It is senior to the appointment of master corporal and its equivalent naval appointment, master seaman, and junior to warrant officer and its naval equivalent, petty officer 1st class. Sergeants and petty officers 2nd class are the only senior non-commissioned officers in the Canadian Armed Forces, as WOs, MWOs and CWOs are warrant officers, not senior NCOs in accordance with the Queens Regulations and Orders. Volume 1, Article 102 "Definitions".


title: Sergeant

text: In army units, sergeants usually serve as section commanders; they may often be called to fill positions normally held by warrant officers, such as platoon or troop warrant, company quartermaster sergeant, chief clerk, etc.


title: Sergeant

text: The rank insignia of a sergeant is a three-bar chevron, worn point down, surmounted by a maple leaf. Embroidered rank badges are worn in "CF gold" thread on rifle green Melton, stitched to the upper sleeves of the service dress jacket; as miniature gold metal and rifle-green enamel badges on the collars of the army dress shirt and army outerwear jackets; in "old-gold" thread on air force blue slip-ins on air force shirts, sweaters, and coats; and in a tan thread on CADPAT slip-ins (army) or dark blue thread on olive-drab slip-ins (air force) on the operational dress uniform.


title: Sergeant

text: Colour sergeant in the Canadian Armed Forces is not a rank of sergeant, but a warrant officer in one of the two Foot Guards regiments (the Governor General's Foot Guards and the Canadian Grenadier Guards). Likewise, a sergeant-major (including regimental sergeant-major) is not a sergeant rank, but an appointment held by a master warrant officer or chief warrant officer.


title: Sergeant

text: Sergeants generally mess and billet with warrant officers, master warrant officers, and chief warrant officers, and their naval counterparts, chief petty officers and petty officers. Their mess on military bases or installations is generally named the warrant officers' and sergeants' mess.


title: Sergeant

text: Historically, the rank of sergeant was severely downgraded after unification of the three services in 1968. An army sergeant before unification was generally employed in supervisory positions, such as the second in command of a platoon-sized unit (i.e. an infantry platoon sergeant, or troop sergeant in an armoured unit). After unification, sergeants were downgraded in status to section commander, a job previously held by corporals, and the former "platoon/troop sergeants" were replaced by "platoon/troop warrant officers".


title: Sergeant

text: Police forces across Canada also use the rank of sergeant and staff sergeant for senior non-commissioned officers above the rank of constable or corporal. Except in the province of Quebec and in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the insignia for a police sergeant is three chevrons, worn point down. Staff sergeants rank above sergeants and are responsible for a unit or team within a station or division. The insignia for a staff sergeant is three chevrons, worn point down surmounted by a royal crown. In the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the insignia for a sergeant is three chevrons, worn point down surmounted by a royal crown (which is the insignia of a staff sergeant in other Canadian police forces). The insignia of a staff sergeant in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police is four chevrons worn point up.


title: Sergeant

text: In the Danish Defence, sergeants are typically squad (6-12 soldiers) or section commanders. The sergeants in the Danish forces also act as drill sergeants and platoon instructors, training both new soldiers in basic training, as well as professional soldiers. Sergeants with 1–2 years in the rank, who are in basic training units, are often second-in-command of the platoon.


title: Sergeant

text: In professional units, the role of second-in-command in the platoon is sometimes given to a very experienced sergeant, but in most cases will be a Senior sergeant (), the rank above sergeant.


title: Sergeant

text: Sergeants in the Danish military are instructors in military drill, weapons, field-craft, small unit tactics, and physical training.


title: Sergeant

text: In the Egyptian Army and Egyptian Air Force the rank of sergeant ( ) is an enlisted one and is equivalent to NATO rank code OR-5.


title: Sergeant

text: (Finnish language abrv. kers.) or "Sergeant" (swedish language abrv. Serg) is in Finnish Defence Forces the second and highest non-commissioned officer rank that a conscript who has completed the junior NCO course ( in Finnish) can reach before entering the reserve. The lowest and most common non-commissioned officer rank is (lit. "lower sergeant"); see corporal.


title: Sergeant

text: Only a few non-commissioned officers in each conscript company reach the higher rank of full three-chevron . There's no difference between the 4-month squad leader training and service time of and ; all start their squad leader tour with the lower rank and the optional promotion is based on the superior's assessment of individual performance and intended duties in the wartime organization; special roles such as that of platoon sergeant or company first sergeant are typically reserved for and upwards.


title: Sergeant

text: A corporal can also obtain the rank of sergeant (and possibly above, the next rank being four-chevron , which is comparable to staff sergeant) by taking some military refresher courses while in reserve, or by enlisting to (short-term) professional service in the military.


title: Sergeant

text: French sergeant ranks are used by the air force, engineers, infantry, Foreign Legion, , communications, administrative service, and . Other branches of the army and use the equivalent ranks of ("marshal of lodgings" in English) instead of sergeant ranks.


title: Sergeant

text: There were three sergeant ranks in France, although the most junior, contract sergeant, has been superseded by student sub-officer now that conscription has been suspended. When the army contained a large proportion of conscripts, contract sergeant was very common as a rank for conscripts considered to have leadership potential. In general the term was used for both contract sergeant and career sergeant. Contract sergeant was classified as the lowest sub-officer rank, the rank below being chief corporal.


title: Sergeant

text: In modern-day usage within the German the rank of sergeant is known as , historically it was the German army rank of corporal. The rank has existed since the 18th century, with usage as a title dating back to the Middle Ages. The ranks of the (NCOs) are divided into two categories, the making up the cadre of junior non-commissioned officers and the making up the cadre of senior non-commissioned officers. The duties of a sergeant can vary greatly with its rank: In a typical company, the (OR-5) are only leading one (squad) whereas the position of (platoon leader) are held by a higher ranked NCOs (typically OR-7) with according training. The platoon's "second in command", is usually held by a "Feldwebel / Oberfeldwebel" (OR-6).


title: Sergeant

text: is a naval rank of the German navy equivalent to the army rank of . A is considered the equivalent of a junior petty officer in the navies of many other nations.


title: Sergeant

text: The term is derived from the low German (comrade). Via the Dutch language, the word became a nautical term and described the assistant to a deck officer. Since the second half of the 17th century were the lowest class of non-commissioned officers aboard a warship.


title: Sergeant

text: The rank of sergeant in the Hellenic armed forces corresponds to NATO grade OR-6 according to STANAG 2116, and it is called the following in the three branches: () in the land army, () in the air force and () in the navy. There are differentiations depending on the permanence and studies of the personnel. In the land army, the insignia are colored differently depending on the command in which the personnel belongs, e.g., red-orange for infantry and green-blue for armoured cavalry.


title: Sergeant

text: During British rule, the rank of sergeant was held by members of the RAF (flight sergeant or sergeant (air crew)) or British Army serving in Hong Kong.


title: Sergeant

text: The rank was held by local enlisted men with the Royal Hong Kong Regiment (The Volunteers) and Royal Hong Kong Regiment (The Volunteers) Regimental Police.


title: Sergeant

text: Hong Kong Police Force sergeants are in charge of a section or command a vehicle on patrol. Their rank is symbolized by three chevrons and worn on their arm and/or lapel. The rank is also used by the Hong Kong Auxiliary Police Force (station sergeant (auxiliary) and sergeant (auxiliary)). There also sergeants in the Hong Kong Police Force Pipe Band, who carry their rank from their regular policing duties.


title: Sergeant

text: In the Indonesian military and maritime security agency, the rank "sergeant" is known as . There are four levels, which are: sergeant (), staff sergeant (), master sergeant (), and sergeant major ().


title: Sergeant

text: In many metropolitan police forces in both India and Pakistan, a sergeant (called armed sub-inspectors in some states) is equivalent to a police sub-inspector. They are subordinate to police inspectors in rank but are senior to assistant sub-inspectors, head constables, "naiks" (corporals) and police constables in Indian police forces. In British-India days, the practice began of transferring British Army NCOs to Indian constabularies to teach them foot and rifle drill and weapons handling (called "musketry") and to maintain disciplinary standards. This is the historical origin of the rank of sergeant in the forces of today's Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata (their equivalents in state forces are called armed sub-inspectors). Sergeants have always served in the non-investigative branches of the 'protective police' [e.g., armed and mounted branches; port, river, and traffic police, reserve forces, etc.] and one per police station. Their use is focused more upon security and public order situations than investigating routine domestic, commercial, and street crime which is the purview of the investigative branches of the 'detective police' where their counterparts are called sub-inspectors. Head constables (not to be confused with sergeants) wear three chevrons (rank insignia) point-down on their sleeve or three bars on their epaulettes.


title: Sergeant

text: In the British Indian Army, the equivalent rank to sergeant was "daffadar" in cavalry regiments and "havaldar" in other units. These ranks are still used in the armies of India and Pakistan.


title: Sergeant

text: In the Indian Air Force and the Pakistan Air Force, the rank of sergeant is above a corporal and below of junior warrant officer. The rank insignia is a three-pointed-down chevron. The rank of flight sergeant is now obsolete with the renomination given as junior warrant officer.


title: Sergeant

text: In the Indian Navy and the Pakistan Navy, the rank of petty officer is roughly equivalent to sergeant.


title: Sergeant

text: Sergeant (Sgt) ( in Gaelic) is the second rank of non-commissioned officer within the Irish Army. The naval equivalent is petty officer.


title: Sergeant

text: The army rank insignia consists of three winged chevrons (or "stripes"). The service dress insignia consists of three wavy red chevrons 9 cm wide bordered in yellow. The main infantry role of a sergeant is as second-in-command of a platoon or commander of a fire support section of a weapons platoon, such as an anti-tank or mortar platoon. Another role is that of company clerk and instructor. There are higher ranks of company sergeant and company quartermaster sergeant. Artillery sergeants are usually assigned as detachment and section commanders, as well as in administrative roles. The difference in roles of sergeant and corporal in the artillery corps is not as clearly defined as in the infantry corps.


title: Sergeant

text: Sergeant is also the second rank of non-commissioned officer in the Irish Air Corps. Before 1994, the Air Corps was considered part of the army and wore army uniforms with distinct corps badges, but the same rank insignia. With the introduction of a unique Air Corps blue uniform in 1994, the same rank markings in a white colour were worn, before the introduction of a new three-chevron with wing rank marking. There are higher ranks of flight sergeant and flight quartermaster sergeant.


title: Sergeant

text: Sergeants appointed as detectives use the rank title detective sergeant (DS). They do not outrank regular sergeants, the 'detective' prefix indicates that they are permanently allocated to detective duties.


title: Sergeant

text: In the Israel Defense Forces, soldiers are promoted from corporal to sergeant after approximately 18 months of service (16 for combatants), if they performed their duties appropriately during this time, and did not have disciplinary problems. Soldiers who take a commander's course may become sergeants earlier. Sergeants get a symbolic pay raise of 1.80 NIS.


title: Sergeant

text: The Hebrew name for the rank is originated as an acronym for ("supernumerary lieutenant") (inspired by the abbreviation "NCO"). Nowadays is no longer treated as an acronym or an abbreviation .


title: Sergeant

text: In the Israeli Police, sergeant is the third rank, coming after constable and corporal. Officers are promoted to this rank after a year as a corporal, or after 20 months of service in total. Excelling officers may be promoted to this rank (or any other rank) in up to 6 months instead of a year.


title: Sergeant

text: In the Italian Army, the rank of , ("sergeant") is the first rank of the warrant officers sergeant role, equivalent to NATO OR-5 grade. The two next senior ranks are (literally "major sergeant") and (literally "chief major sergeant"). For paratroopers, the ranks of and are bordered in blue.


title: Sergeant

text: The Royal Netherlands Army, Royal Netherlands Navy and Royal Netherlands Air Force all use the rank of sergeant. Within the cavalry, artillery and in the Royal Marechaussee a sergeant is called a "" Within the air force and navy a sergeant is identified by three chevrons. In the army, a sergeant has one gold chevron (or silver if a in the cavalry or the Royal Marechaussee or a sergeant in the Military Administration).


title: Sergeant

text: Only the Royal New Zealand Air Force and New Zealand Army use sergeant as a rank, identifiable by the three chevrons. The Royal New Zealand Navy has the equivalent rank of petty officer. Promotion to sergeant in the New Zealand Defence Force is usually around nine to ten years service and commands considerable responsibility and an increase in pay.


title: Sergeant

text: The rank of sergeant (; ) existed and was used by the Philippine Revolutionary Army during the Philippine Revolution and Philippine–American War. The badge of rank was two chevrons sewn onto the Rayadillo sleeve.


title: Sergeant

text: The ranks of sergeant, staff sergeant, master sergeant, and chief master sergeant are today used in the Philippine Army, Philippine Marine Corps and Philippine Air Force. Rank insignia is very similar to that used in the United States. First chief master sergeant is an appointment rather than a rank and is somewhat equivalent to a sergeant major in the United States. The rank stands below staff sergeant and above corporal.


title: Sergeant

text: In the Polish Army rank insignia system there are two grades of sergeant: (OR-6 in NATO code) and (OR-7). The rank first appeared in Henryk Dąbrowski's Polish Legions in Italy in the late 18th century. Both ranks are used in the infantry, armoured forces, air force. In the cavalry the equivalent is (literally wachtmeister). In the artillery the equivalent is (literally firemaster). In the Polish Navy, the equivalent is (literally boatswain).


title: Sergeant

text: Within the Russian Armed Forces, there are three ranks which are explicitly sergeant ranks: junior sergeant (, ), sergeant (, ) and senior sergeant (, ). There is also a rank called "" (), which is often translated as "master sergeant". These ranks are inherited from the Soviet Union.


title: Sergeant

text: In the Soviet army, most sergeants (with the exception of the aforementioned ) were not career non-commissioned officers but specially trained conscripts; the rank of was reserved for career non-commissioned officers. In the modern Russian army, there are attempts to change this system and make most or all sergeants career non-commissioned officers; they are met with limited success.


title: Sergeant

text: Unlike most police forces of the world, in the Russian police sergeant is a starting, entry-level rank. Ranks of "policeman" or "senior policeman" are not used in Russia (the rank of "private of police" technically exists but is rare, and most recruits become sergeants right away). It is divided into three grades the same way as the army sergeant rank.


title: Sergeant

text: In the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF), there are five different grades of sergeant: third sergeant (3SG), second sergeant (2SG), first sergeant (1SG), staff sergeant (SSG), and master sergeant (MSG). Sergeants are considered specialists in the SAF. They are equivalent to the non-commissioned officers of other militaries.


title: Sergeant

text: Soldiers must complete their specialist course at the Specialist Cadet School, formerly known as the School of Infantry Specialists (SISPEC) or other training institutes before being promoted to third sergeant. While active duty national servicemen may be promoted to second sergeant, most personnel holding ranks above that are career soldiers.


title: Sergeant

text: Promotion from third sergeant to staff sergeant takes an average of 6 years, although there are many factors that may cause a soldier's promotion to cease. These factors include failure to pass an annual physical fitness proficiency test, poor performance, or being charged for offences.


title: Sergeant

text: Third sergeants are usually section commanders. They may also hold certain logistics or administrative posts such as company quartermaster sergeant. Second sergeants usually serve as platoon sergeants. First sergeants, staff sergeants and master sergeants usually serve as company sergeant majors or administrative specialists at company level or higher.


title: Sergeant

text: In the Singapore Police Force, Singapore Civil Defence Force, Singapore Prison Service and Immigration and Checkpoints Authority, the rank of sergeant lies between corporal and staff sergeant. Unlike most police forces in the world, the rank of sergeant has been changed since the late 1990s to an entry-level rank for Diploma/GCE "A" Level holders rather than a supervisory one.


title: Sergeant

text: In the National Cadet Corps (NCC), the rank of third sergeant is below second sergeant, and above corporal. In the National Police Cadet Corps (NPCC) and the National Civil Defence Cadet Corps (NCDCC), the rank of sergeant is below staff sergeant, and above corporal. The rank of third sergeant and sergeant is held by cadets who have been appointed as non-commissioned officers by their units and thus have the power to command a squad.


title: Sergeant

text: NPCC and NCDCC sergeants wear a rank insignia of three pointed-down chevrons, with the letters 'NPCC' and 'NCDCC' located below the insignia, so as to differentiate NPCC and NCDCC cadets from Singapore Police Force and Singapore Civil Defence Force personnel respectively.


title: Sergeant

text: NCC third sergeants, second sergeants and first sergeants wear a rank insignia of three pointed-down chevrons, three pointed-down chevrons with one pointed-up chevron and three pointed-down chevrons with two pointed up-chevrons respectively, all with the letters 'NCC' located below the insignia, so as to differentiate NCC cadets from Singapore Armed Forces personnel.


title: Sergeant

text: In the St John Brigade (SJB), the rank of sergeant is above corporal and below staff sergeant. It is usually held by a non-commissioned officer.


title: Sergeant

text: Sergeant is used as a rank in the Sri Lanka Army. It is senior to corporal and junior to staff sergeant. It is denoted by three chevrons.


title: Sergeant

text: Sergeant is also used as a rank in the Sri Lanka Air Force. It is senior to corporal and junior to flight sergeant. It is denoted by three chevrons.


title: Sergeant

text: The rank of sergeant exists in the Sri Lanka Police Service. It is senior to constable but junior to sub-inspector.


title: Sergeant

text: South Korean armed forces share the same rank system to each other's (Army, Navy, Air Force and Marine). So here we only note the army.


title: Sergeant

text: In the Republic of Korea Armed Forces, the term 'sergeant' is often matched to the rank of (; "lit." "chief soldier"). As suggested in the Korean name, is not a non-commissioned officer rank like in the U.S. Army; instead, it is the highest enlisted rank below non-commissioned officers. The rank insignia for is four horizontal bars, which also indicates that the rank is not an NCO rank, but a senior private rank. As of 2018, if a conscripted soldier doesn't opt for further service in the Armed Forces and has no reason for disqualification, his last rank before the discharge is . In case of the Army, may be given the responsibility of a 7–8 men squad if not () (a rank right above , equivalent to staff sergeant of U.S. Army and the lowest NCO rank) is appointed in that position, but still not treated as an NCO in any occasion.


title: Sergeant

text: The ranks above are the true non-commissioned officer ranks: (), (), (), and (). They are usually matched and translated into the U.S. Army's ranks from staff sergeant (E–6) to sergeant major (E–9), but that doesn't mean that those ranks are true equivalents in the roles and how they are treated in the Armed Forces. Most notably, if a person decides to start his/her military career as a non-commissioned officer, (staff sergeant) is the first rank given, and it's also the last rank before the discharge if he or she opts for discharge after finishing the mandatory service years, or fails to qualify for 'long-term service.' Instead of the horizontal bars of non-NCO enlisted ranks, they use chevrons as their rank insignia.


title: Sergeant

text: In the Spanish military the enlisted ranks of and the more senior are junior to the and senior to the ranks of (corporal).


title: Sergeant

text: Sergeant () of the Taiwanese military ranks above staff sergeant and below master sergeant third class, making it different from the armed forces of other countries where sergeant ranks lower than staff sergeant. The rank of sergeant exists in the Army, Air Force and the Marine Corps, and is equivalent to the petty officer first class in the Navy.


title: Sergeant

text: In Sweden, is the most junior specialist officers rank above (a squad leader at skill level C (advanced)) and below . The Swedish rank system comprises two different types of officers, "specialist officers" (in other countries categorized as NCO:s) and "tactical officers". Though marked as OR 6 to OR 9, the Swedish rank system is that of a parallel system, and both officer categories mentioned above are recognized as officers according to the stipulations of commission, given by Swedish parliament. The rank of (OR 7) is superior to that of a second lieutenant (OF1). An individual officer can transition during a career between serving as a tactical officer or specialist officer, depending on what kind of role the officer are serving in and if one meets the qualifications to transfer. Specialist Officers ranking from OR7 to OR9 can be found in the same tactical and strategical levels as tactical officers, for example in staff positions on brigade and higher tactical levels, as advanced and skilled specialist or staff section commanders.


title: Sergeant

text: The creation of the specialist officers corps in 2008, meant that many former officers from OR 1b to OR 3 where commissioned to the ranks of OR 7 - OR 9.


title: Sergeant

text: From 1983 to 2008 there was only one professional officers corps within the Swedish armed forces (OF 1 to OF 9). All OR-ranks where hold by conscripts.


title: Sergeant

text: Historically, the role of the specialist officer, until 1972 categorised as "underofficer" in Sweden is reminiscent of that of a senior non-commissioned officer in Germany (), hence there was a third stipulated "corps" of junior commanding ranks, that of the , in direct translation "sub commanders" or "junior leader ranks", comprising the equivalents to the ranks of corporal (OR 4), (OR5) and (OR5b). This former "corps" (until 1983) was much like that of the senior ranks within the different German-speaking armed forces. These ranks are today held by long serving and skilled professional or reservist soldiers, but are distinctly not specialist officers ranks.


title: Sergeant

text: In order to be appointed sergeant (until 2019 "first sergeant") in today's Swedish armed forces, it is required that the candidate have completed specialist officer training (1.5years).


title: Sergeant

text: A sergeant in the Royal Marines and British Army wears three-point-down chevrons on their sleeve and usually serves as a platoon or troop sergeant, or in a specialist position. Staff sergeant (in technical units) or colour sergeant (in the Royal Marines and the infantry), is the next most senior rank, above which come warrant officers. The Household Cavalry use the rank of corporal of horse instead, the only regiments to preserve the old cavalry tradition of having corporals but not sergeants.


title: Sergeant

text: A lance-sergeant (LSgt) was formerly a corporal acting in the capacity of a sergeant. The appointment now survives only in the Foot Guards and Honourable Artillery Company, where it is awarded to all corporals. A lance-sergeant wears three chevrons and belongs to the sergeants' mess, however, functionally he remains a corporal rather than an acting sergeant (e.g., he will typically command a section). In the Household Cavalry, the equivalent appointment is lance-corporal of horse.


title: Sergeant

text: A sergeant in infantry regiments usually holds the appointment of "platoon sergeant" and is second in command of a platoon. In the Royal Marines a sergeant is sometimes the commander of a platoon-sized Close Combat Rifle Troop.


title: Sergeant

text: The Royal Air Force also has the rank of sergeant, wearing the same three chevrons. The rank lies between corporal and flight sergeant (or chief technician for technicians and musicians).


title: Sergeant

text: Between 1950 and 1964 in technical trades there was a rank of senior technician which was the equivalent of a sergeant. Senior technicians wore their chevrons point up.


title: Sergeant

text: On 1 July 1946, aircrew sergeants were re-designated as aircrew IV, III or II, replacing the chevrons with one, two or three six-pointed stars within a wreath and surmounted by an eagle. This was unpopular and in 1950 they returned to the old rank, but have worn an eagle above their chevrons ever since.


title: Sergeant

text: Within the British police, sergeant is the first supervisory rank. Sergeant is senior to the rank of constable, and junior to inspector. The rank is mostly operational, meaning that sergeants are directly concerned with day-to-day policing. Uniformed sergeants are often responsible for supervising a shift of constables and allocating duties to them. Prisoner-handling stations will also have one or more separate custody sergeants who are responsible for authorising and supervising the detention of arrested persons in accordance with the Police and Criminal Evidence Act, along with the daily management and effective running of the custody suite.


title: Sergeant

text: Detective sergeants are equal in rank to their uniformed counterparts; only the prefix 'detective' identifies them as having completed at least one of the various detective training courses authorising them to conduct and/or manage investigations into serious and/or complex crime. In British police services, not all officers deployed in plain clothes are detectives, and not all detectives are deployed within the CID. Thus, it is not unusual for detectives to supervise uniformed officers and vice versa.


title: Sergeant

text: Uniformed sergeants' epaulettes feature three down-pointed chevrons, above or below a personal identification number. Sergeants (and constables) in service with the Metropolitan Police, responsible for law enforcement in Greater London, have a "shoulder number", analogous to the collar number of regional forces, which is distinct from the warrant number on their warrant card. This is simply a management device to help order what is by far the largest police service in the UK. In the case of the Police Service of Northern Ireland, sergeants' chevrons point upwards. This is derived from the practices of the Royal Irish Constabulary, who were a mounted police force and followed a tradition of upward-pointing ranks.


title: Sergeant

text: Until the abolition of first-class detective sergeants in 1973, Metropolitan Police detective sergeants when initially promoted were officially known as second-class detective sergeants.


title: Sergeant

text: Unlike the military and allowing for regional variations, addressing a police sergeant as "sarge" is commonplace. Additionally, in some forces (especially the Metropolitan Police) sergeants are referred to as "skippers" and again allowing for regional variations, context and expectations it is not necessarily wrong for a constable to address their sergeant as "skip" or "skipper".


title: Sergeant

text: The rank of sergeant was inherited from its use in the British Army and its colonial America regulars and militia of the several colonies. The sergeant has historically been the senior non-commissioned officer (NCO) rank immediately subordinate to an officer and superior to corporal. Commonly, in the British Army and American colonial forces there was one sergeant for each officer with the sergeants serving as the senior NCO of a section/squad (the two terms were often used interchangeably), or platoon/company (the platoon, in the British Army and its colonial America single-platoon system simply being the company formed for battle, much as the battalion was the regiment deployed in battle formation).


title: Sergeant

text: In British Army and its colonial America forces, infantry companies usually had three officers and three sergeants, with the sergeants' primary role in combat being to protect the officers. In battle formation, the company was marched into formation as a single platoon of three ranks consisting of the "rank and file" (i.e., the corporals and privates), also referred to as the "bayonet strength", in order to present volley fire by rank or massed bayonets for assault or defense. Therefore, the sergeants played little direct leadership role in combat as the massed company/platoon was under the direct control of the officers.


title: Sergeant

text: Beginning in 1775, the Thirteen Colonies' Continental Army began to organize under the Continental European (i.e., Prussian-French) model, which in addition to organizing infantry companies into two platoons and forming each platoon into two ranks by section/squad, vice the three ranks of the British model, gave a more direct leadership role to sergeants by assigning two sergeants to each platoon as section/squad leaders. Sergeants began to transition from serving as battlefield "body-guards" of aristocratic officers into being combat leaders integral to the tactical situation. In 1781, a fifth sergeant was authorized in each company to serve as company first sergeant, although a separate grade of rank was not established until 1831. However, from 1775, each regiment/battalion (these two terms were also used interchangeable during this time period as mentioned above) was authorized a sergeant major and a quartermaster sergeant.


title: Sergeant

text: The rank was used by both the U.S. Army and the Confederate army during the American Civil War. The same rank insignia was used similarly by both armies. Both varied the color of the stripes by assigning red for artillery, yellow for cavalry, blue for infantry and later in the war, green for sharpshooters. Some militia units varied these colors even further and had other colors including black and red with gold piping for various units. The rank was just below first sergeant and just above corporal. They usually commanded a section of twenty men with two corporals under him. As the war progressed these men were often in command of platoons and even companies as the units were depleted of officers during combat.


title: Sergeant

text: While the number of sergeants (including the first sergeant) authorized in an infantry company fluctuated from three to five during various periods of history, by the United States Civil War it was relatively fixed at four sergeants, a first sergeant, and a company quartermaster sergeant (added in 1861). In 1898 the infantry company was expanded to three platoons, increasing the number of sergeants in each company to six, along with a first sergeant and a company quartermaster sergeant. In 1905, the company quartermaster sergeant was renamed as company supply sergeant and a mess sergeant was added to the company.


title: Sergeant

text: In 1917, the Army reorganized under the "square division" plan. The size of units from company up increased significantly and there were now four rifle platoons and 12 sergeants per company, along with three "staff" NCOs (first sergeant, supply sergeant, and mess sergeant). While there were still two sergeants assigned as section leaders in each platoon, a new position of "assistant to platoon commander" was filled by the senior ranking sergeant of the three assigned to assist the lieutenant in leading the unit.


title: Sergeant

text: The 1939 "triangular division" reorganization eliminated sections in rifle platoons. In 1940, rifle squad leaders, who had been corporals, became sergeants (with two staff sergeants – one as a platoon leader and the other as a platoon guide in the platoon headquarters; the lieutenant was still titled platoon commander), with three squads/sergeants per rifle platoon. In 1942, sergeants became assistant squad leaders, with staff sergeants as squad leaders (and a technical sergeant and a staff sergeant, as platoon leader and platoon guide, respectively, in the platoon headquarters).


title: Sergeant

text: In 1943 "platoon leaders" (technical sergeants) were re-designated as "platoon sergeants", while "platoon commanders" (officers – usually second or first lieutenants) became "platoon leaders", with only company and higher-level commanding officers known as a "commander". (Of note, while the U.S. Marine Corps followed the Army's lead in re-designating the senior NCO in a platoon from "assistant to platoon commander" to platoon leader and then as the platoon sergeant, the Marine Corps continues to style an officer commanding a platoon as "platoon commander".) In 1948, squad leaders again became sergeants (with corporals as assistant squad leaders) and finally, in 1958, sergeants became fire-team leaders under a staff sergeant as squad leader.


title: Sergeant

text: In the United States Army, although there are several ranks of sergeant, the lowest carries the title of sergeant. Sergeant is the enlisted rank in the U.S. Army above specialist and corporal and below staff sergeant, and is the second-lowest grade of non-commissioned officer. The rank was often nicknamed "buck sergeant" to distinguish it from other senior grades of sergeants. Sergeants in the infantry, for example, lead fire teams of four men. There are two fire teams in a nine-man rifle squad, which is led by a staff sergeant. Sergeants are normally section and team leaders and are a critical link in the NCO channel. These non-commissioned officers live and work with their soldiers every day and are responsible for their health, welfare and safety. These section and team leaders ensure that their soldiers meet standards in personal appearance and teach them to maintain and account for their individual and unit equipment and property. The NCO enforces standards and develops and trains soldiers daily in their military occupational specialty and unit mission.


title: Sergeant

text: Drill sergeants are typically addressed as "drill sergeant" regardless of rank, though use of this term depends on post policy. When serving a tour as drill sergeant this is indicated by the traditional campaign hat. In late 1971, Headquarters, Continental Army Command (CONARC) received approval from the Chief of Staff of the Army for permission to include women in the Drill Sergeant Program. In February 1972, six Woman Army Corps (WAC) noncommissioned officers from Fort McClellan, Alabama, were enrolled in the Drill Sergeant Program, at Fort Jackson, South Carolina. Upon graduation, the women were authorized to wear the female drill sergeant campaign hat. Today, women drill sergeants are also referred to as "drill sergeant", regardless of their rank. Both men and women drill sergeants will always wear the drill sergeant badge indicating they completed the required training program at an authorized drill sergeant academy. The army drill sergeant badge appears on the right breast pocket.


title: Sergeant

text: The United States Marine Corps has several ranks that include the title of "sergeant", the lowest of which is sergeant (E-5). Marine sergeants are the fifth enlisted rank in the U.S. Marine Corps, ranking above corporal and below staff sergeant, and are often referred to as the backbone of the Marine Corps.


title: Sergeant

text: Infantry sergeants typically serve as squad leaders in either a rifle or weapons platoon or as the platoon guide (i.e., assistant platoon sergeant) in a rifle platoon.


title: Sergeant

text: Once a Marine attains the rank of sergeant, promotions no longer derive from a composite and cutting score-based system; instead, they receive a Fitness Report, or FITREP (i.e., a formal written evaluation, grading attributes from appearance and bearing to leadership and technical proficiency).