title: 1983 Cricket World Cup

text: The second semi-final, between Pakistan and the West Indies, was staged at The Oval on the same day. West Indies won the toss and invited Pakistan to bat, whom they restricted to just 184 (8 wickets, 60 overs). Mohsin Khan (70 from 176 balls, 1 four) fought his way past 50 against the formidable West Indies bowling attack (he was the only Pakistani batsman to reach 50). Malcolm Marshall (3/28) and Andy Roberts (2/25) starred with the ball. The West Indies innings was based around a superb innings by Viv Richards (80 from 96 balls, 11 fours, 1 six), who took the man-of-the-match award, and an unbeaten half-century by Larry Gomes (50 from 100 balls, 3 fours), as the defending champions reached their target for the loss of just two wickets.


title: 1983 Cricket World Cup

text: In the final, India lost the toss and were asked to bat first against the West Indies. Only Krishnamachari Srikkanth (38 from 57 balls) and Mohinder Amarnath (26 from 80 balls) put up any significant resistance as Roberts, Marshall, Joel Garner and Michael Holding ripped through the Indian batsmen, ably supported by Gomes. Surprising resistance by the tail allowed India to compile 183 (all out, 54.4 overs). The Indian bowling exploited the weather and pitch conditions perfectly to bowl out the West Indies for 140 from 52 overs, winning by 43 runs and completing one of the most stunning upsets in cricket history. It still remains the lowest ever total successfully defended in a World Cup final. Amarnath and Madan Lal each took three wickets. Viv Richards, was West Indies' top scorer with 33 from 28 balls. Amarnath was the most economical bowler, conceding just 12 runs from his seven overs, while taking 3 wickets, and was once again awarded the Man of the Match award for his all-round performance. There was no 'Man of the Series' awarded in 1983.


title: Fuller House (TV series)

text: Fuller House is an American sitcom created by Jeff Franklin and produced by Warner Bros. Television Group that airs as a Netflix original series, and is the sequel to the 1987–1995 television series "Full House". It centers around D.J. Tanner-Fuller, a veterinarian and widowed mother of three sons, whose sister Stephanie and best friend Kimmy—along with her teenage daughter—live together at the Tanners' childhood home in San Francisco, California. Most of the original series ensemble cast have reprised their roles on "Fuller House", either as regular cast members or in guest appearances, with the exception of Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen, who alternated the role of Michelle Tanner in "Full House".


title: Fuller House (TV series)

text: Netflix ordered an initial thirteen episodes, which were released on February 26, 2016, worldwide. The second season was released on December 9, 2016. The third season is split into two parts, with the first half of nine episodes being released on September 22, 2017, and the second half on December 22, 2017. On January 29, 2018, Netflix renewed "Fuller House" for a fourth season, which was released on December 14, 2018.


title: Fuller House (TV series)

text: While the first season reception was generally negative, reviews for the following seasons were generally mixed. On January 31, 2019, the show was renewed for its fifth and final season of eighteen episodes. The first half premiered on December 6, 2019, while the second half premiered on June 2, 2020.


title: Fuller House (TV series)

text: Like the original series, the show is set in the same house in San Francisco, California, still owned by Danny Tanner. Recently widowed D.J. Tanner-Fuller is a veterinarian and the mother of three young boys. After the unexpected death of her husband Tommy who was following his hazardous duties as a firefighter, D.J. moves back into her childhood home with her father Danny. However, when Danny has to move away for work, he allows her to continue living there and D.J. accepts the help of her sister Stephanie and best friend Kimmy who move in and take part in raising D.J.'s three sons: 13-year-old Jackson, 7-year-old Max, and baby Tommy Jr. Kimmy's teenage daughter Ramona also moves in.


title: Fuller House (TV series)

text: In August 2014, reports circulated that Warner Bros. Television was considering a series reboot. John Stamos, who had an ownership stake in the show, headed up the attempt to get the series back into production. Creator Jeff Franklin returned as showrunner—or leading executive producer—with the collaboration of original executive producers Thomas L. Miller and Robert L. Boyett under their Miller-Boyett Productions label.


title: Fuller House (TV series)

text: In April 2015, it was reported that Netflix was close to closing a deal to produce a 13-episode sequel series tentatively titled "Fuller House". A representative for Netflix said that the report was "just a rumor". In response to the report, Bure tweeted, "While you all ponder over whether the "Fuller House" show is true or is an April Fools joke, check out [link to her upcoming TV movie]", and Stamos tweeted, "Believe none of what you hear, and only half of what you see." On April 20, he appeared on "Jimmy Kimmel Live!", confirming the spin-off series had been green-lit by Netflix. On April 21, Netflix confirmed the series was in development.


title: Fuller House (TV series)

text: In a parallel to the original series, "Fuller House" focuses on D.J., who is a recently widowed mother of three boys, with her sister Stephanie and best friend Kimmy moving in to help raise the boys. The series starts off with a special episode featuring a Tanner family reunion. Filming of the series began in July 2015 and lasted until November 2015. In December 2015, the series' release date was revealed as February 26, 2016. Later in the month, Canadian pop singer Carly Rae Jepsen revealed she and Butch Walker recreated the "Full House" theme song, "Everywhere You Look" (which was originally performed by Jesse Frederick, who co-wrote the song with Bennett Salvay), for the series as its opening theme.


title: Fuller House (TV series)

text: On March 2, 2016, the series was renewed for a second season, and production for the second season began on May 5, 2016. Thirteen new episodes were ordered and were released on December 9, 2016. On December 24, 2016, the series was renewed for a third season, to be released in 2017. On December 31, 2016, it was confirmed that the season would be 18 episodes. Production for the third season began on March 18, 2017, and ended on September 2, 2017. It was announced on June 26, 2017, that the third season would be split into two parts, with the release of the first part on September 22, 2017, to consist of nine episodes. It was announced on November 13, 2017, that the second half, also consisting of nine episodes, would be released on December 22, 2017. On January 29, 2018, the series was renewed for a fourth season of thirteen episodes. The fourth season was released on December 14, 2018. On January 31, 2019, the show was renewed for its fifth and final season of eighteen episodes, as announced with a farewell video on the show's Twitter account. The first half of the fifth premiered on December 6, 2019, with the second half released on June 2, 2020.


title: Fuller House (TV series)

text: Due to competition on Netflix among over 1500 other shows and inability to significantly grow its audience the show ended in 2020 after 5 seasons.


title: Fuller House (TV series)

text: In addition to Cameron Bure, Sweetin, and Barber reprising their roles, the other main roles went to Michael Campion, Elias Harger, and Soni Bringas, as their children: Jackson and Max Fuller, and Ramona Gibbler, respectively. It was disclosed that John Stamos would have a recurring role as Jesse Katsopolis and would also be producing. Other original main cast members who would be reprising their roles periodically are Lori Loughlin as Becky Katsopolis, Bob Saget as Danny Tanner, and Dave Coulier as Joey Gladstone. Dylan and Blake Tuomy-Wilhoit also make an appearance reprising their roles as Nicky and Alex Katsopolis, respectively. On April 19, 2016, it was announced Ashley Liao, who plays Ramona's best friend, had been upgraded to a series regular.


title: Fuller House (TV series)

text: Additional cast members recurring regularly throughout the series include Juan Pablo Di Pace, playing Kimmy's ex-husband, Fernando, and Scott Weinger, reprising the role of Steve Hale, D.J.'s high school boyfriend. Eva LaRue portrays Danny's wife Teri, and Michael Sun Lee makes an appearance as the adult version of Nathan Nishiguchi's character, Harry Takayama, who was Stephanie's childhood friend.


title: Fuller House (TV series)

text: Shortly after announcing the spin-off series, it was uncertain whether Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen, who shared the role of Michelle Tanner, would choose to participate. The Olsen twins ultimately rejected the offer because Ashley has not acted in years with no intentions to restart, and Mary-Kate initially considered the part but later declined as it was not feasible with her fashion career at the time. Subsequently, the producers decided to have Michelle reside in New York City, where she is highly focused on her fashion enterprise. By January 2016, they asked the Olsen twins' younger sister, Elizabeth, if she had any ambitions to take the part of Michelle, but she ultimately declined as well. Nevertheless, the producers still prodded the Olsen twins to return and were confident that one of the twins would ultimately decide to reappear during the second season, although this did not end up happening. In September 2016, it was announced that the character Nelson will re-appear on "Fuller House", with the character recast to be portrayed by Hal Sparks, who replaces Nelson's original portrayer, Jason Marsden. In September 2017, Jeff Franklin revealed at Paley Fest that Danny's ex, Vicky Larson (Gail Edwards) would return in season three, doing so in the season's finale.


title: Fuller House (TV series)

text: On February 28, 2018, "Variety" reported that Jeff Franklin was fired from the series after complaints about his behavior in the writers' room and on the set of the series, which ranged from being verbally abusive to staffers and making sexually charged comments about his personal relationships and sex life in the writers' room to a complaint of Franklin's habit of bringing women he dated to the set and sometimes giving them bit parts in the series. Franklin has not been accused of directly sexually harassing or engaging in physical misconduct with any staffers. On March 12, 2018, Steve Baldikoski and Bryan Behar were announced as the new executive producers and showrunners for the fourth season, replacing Franklin.


title: Fuller House (TV series)

text: The first season of "Fuller House" received generally negative reviews, with most taking issue to the crude humor and noting that the series was very derivative of its source material and was oriented toward fans of the original show. On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season has a rating of 36%, based on 50 reviews, with an average rating of 4.58/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "After the initial dose of nostalgia, "Fuller House" has little to offer to anyone except the original series' most diehard fans." On Metacritic the series has an average score of 35 out of 100, based on 28 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".


title: Fuller House (TV series)

text: Dan Fienberg of "The Hollywood Reporter" panned the show, calling it "a mawkish, grating, broadly played chip off the "Full House" block". He also added that "It's doubtful that there will be a more painful 2016 TV episode than the "Fuller House" pilot, which takes an inexcusable 35 minutes to establish a plot that is just an inversion of the original "Full House" premise." David Weigand of the "San Francisco Chronicle" reacted similarly, writing: "The episodes are predictable because they're unoriginal and the writing is painful. The canned laughter is perhaps the greatest reminder of the 'good old days'. If only all those recorded voices had something legitimate to laugh at." Maureen Ryan of "Variety" wrote that the show "continually goes to the well of having cute kids mug for the camera as they practically yell their lines, and just a little of its self-congratulatory, blaring obviousness goes a long way."


title: Fuller House (TV series)

text: In a more positive review, Verne Gay from "Newsday" wrote that the show is like ""Full House 2.0"" and that while it has the "same premise, same vibe, mostly same cast", it is "a winner, strictly for fans".


title: Fuller House (TV series)

text: The second season saw generally mixed reviews. Jenny Varner of "IGN" gave the season a mixed 6.5/10 score. She noted that ""Fuller House" Season 2 brings a fuller cast, a fuller plot, and a lot more cringe-worthy pop culture jokes. Love it or hate it, the staying power of this heartwarming Netflix staple is stronger than ever." On Rotten Tomatoes, the second season currently has a 50% approval rating based on 6 reviews, with an average rating of 6.25/10.


title: Fuller House (TV series)

text: Warner Home Video released the first season of the series on DVD in Region 1 on February 28, 2017. The second season was released on DVD in Region 1 on December 12, 2017. The third season was released on DVD in Region 1 on January 22, 2019. The fourth season was released on DVD in Region 1 on December 17, 2019. The fifth and final season was released on DVD in Region 1 on June 8, 2021.


title: Fuller House (TV series)

text: In February 2022, U.S. cable network GAC Family acquired reruns of "Fuller House" to accompany its syndicated airings of the original "Full House"; the network stated that it would broadcast the series on an "off-the-clock" schedule to accommodate commercial breaks without needing to edit it for time, as its episodes generally run longer than the standard 21–24 minute length used for half-hour programs with commercials.


title: Bruce Almighty

text: Bruce Almighty is a 2003 American fantasy comedy film directed by Tom Shadyac and written by Steve Koren, Mark O'Keefe and Steve Oedekerk. The film stars Jim Carrey as Bruce Nolan, a down-on-his-luck television reporter who complains to God (played by Morgan Freeman) that he is not doing his job correctly and is offered the chance to try being God himself for one week. The film is Shadyac and Carrey's third collaboration, as they had worked together previously on "" in 1994 and "Liar Liar" in 1997—the second of three collaborations between Carrey and Baker Hall after "The Truman Show" in 1998 and the next being "Mr. Popper's Penguins" in 2011. It co-stars Jennifer Aniston, Philip Baker Hall and Steve Carell.


title: Bruce Almighty

text: When released in American theaters on May 23, 2003, "Bruce Almighty" opened to mixed reviews from critics, but was a box-office success and grossed $86.4 million, making it the top Memorial Day opening weekend of any film in history at the time. The film surprised the industry's pundits when it beat "The Matrix Reloaded" the following weekend.


title: Bruce Almighty

text: "Evan Almighty", a spin-off sequel focusing on Steve Carell's character, with Shadyac and Oedekerk returning to direct and write, and Freeman also reprising his role, was released on June 22, 2007.


title: Bruce Almighty

text: Bruce Nolan is a television field reporter for "Eyewitness News" on WKBW-TV in Buffalo, New York, but desires to be the news anchorman. When Bruce is passed over for promotion by his rival, Evan Baxter, a vulgar on-camera outburst leads to his dismissal from the station. After a series of misfortunes, Bruce complains to God that "He's the one that should be fired".


title: Bruce Almighty

text: Bruce receives a message on his pager, which takes him to an empty warehouse where he meets God. God offers to give Bruce his powers to prove that he is doing the job correctly. God tells Bruce that he cannot tell others he has God's powers (in order to avoid the media attention), nor can he use the powers to alter free will. Bruce is initially jubilant with the powers, using them for personal gains, such as getting his job back, exacting revenge on a street gang that bullied him earlier, and impressing his girlfriend, Grace Connelly.


title: Bruce Almighty

text: Bruce finds ways of using his powers around Buffalo to cause miraculous events to occur at otherwise mundane events that he covers, such as discovering Jimmy Hoffa's body during a segment on police training, or causing a meteor to harmlessly land near a cook-off, earning him the nickname "Mr. Exclusive". Bruce then causes Evan to embarrass himself on-air, causing Evan to be fired in favor of Bruce as the new anchor. Bruce continues to hear voices in his head and re-encounters God, who explains the voices are prayers that Bruce must deal with. Bruce creates a computerized email-like system to receive the prayers and respond but finds that the influx is far too many for him to handle (despite only receiving prayers from the Buffalo area) and sets the program to answer every prayer "Yes" automatically.


title: Bruce Almighty

text: Bruce attends a party celebrating his promotion. When Grace arrives, she finds Bruce kissing his co-anchor, Susan Ortega, after she forcefully comes on to him, and quickly leaves. Bruce follows her, trying to use his powers to convince her to stay but cannot influence her free will. As Bruce looks around, he realizes that Buffalo has fallen into chaos due to his actions: parts of the city believe the Apocalypse is nearly upon Earth due to the meteor strikes, while a large number of people, all having prayed to win the multi-million dollar lottery and received only seventeen dollars in return, have started rioting in the streets. Bruce returns to God, who explains that he cannot solve all the problems and Bruce must figure out a way himself. Bruce returns to his computer at home and goes about answering prayers earnestly. As he reads through them, he finds a prayer from Grace, wishing for his success and well-being. As Bruce reads it, another prayer from Grace arrives, this one wishing not to be in love with him anymore.


title: Bruce Almighty

text: Stunned by this development, Bruce walks alone on a highway, asking God to take back his powers and leaving his fate in God's hands. Bruce is suddenly hit by a truck and regains consciousness in a white void. God appears, and he asks Bruce what he really wants; Bruce admits that he only wants to make sure Grace finds a man that would make her happy. God agrees, and Bruce finds himself in the hospital, where doctors have assisted in his recovery. Grace finally arrives. She and Bruce rekindle their relationship, later becoming engaged. Following his recovery, Bruce returns to his field reporting, but decides to take more pleasure in the simple stories.


title: Bruce Almighty

text: In June 2000, it was announced that Universal had paid over $1 million dollars for a spec script titled "Bruce Almighty" with the intention of positioning the script as a directing vehicle for Tom Shadyac via his Universal based production company Shady Acres. Jim Carrey signed on to star in March 2002 with Steve Oedekerk rewriting the script. Previously, Carrey had been slated to star in another comedy for Universal titled 'Dog Years' to be directed by Gary Ross, but following that film's cancellation Universal were eager to get Carrey onto another proejct.


title: Bruce Almighty

text: Filming of Buffalo was done in the "New York Street" at Universal Studios Hollywood. The restaurant with Tony Bennett was filmed at Cicada, in the James Oviatt Building, downtown Los Angeles. The spa scene with Jennifer Aniston was filmed in the "Shoin" building at The Japanese Garden in Los Angeles.


title: Bruce Almighty

text: "Bruce Almighty" earned $67.9 million during its opening weekend, which made it the highest for a Jim Carrey film, surpassing "How the Grinch Stole Christmas", a record it held until the release of "Sonic the Hedgehog 2" in 2022. It also defeated "Austin Powers in Goldmember" to have the highest three-day opening weekend for a comedy film. In its first four days, it generated a total of $86.4 million, becoming the second-highest Memorial Day weekend debut, behind "". The film opened in the number 1 spot at the box office, beating "The Matrix Reloaded". This would only last for a week, as the spot was taken away by "Finding Nemo". The film was released in the United Kingdom on June 27, 2003, and topped the country's box office that weekend.


title: Bruce Almighty

text: "Bruce Almighty" joined "The Matrix Reloaded", "Finding Nemo", "X2" and "" to become the first five films to earn over $200 million at the box office in one summer season. By the end of its theatrical run, the film had made $242 million domestically and a total $484 million worldwide, making it Aniston and Carrey's highest-grossing film worldwide, as well as the fifth-highest-grossing film of 2003.


title: Bruce Almighty

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a score of 48% based on 193 reviews, with an average rating of 5.70/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Carrey is hilarious in the slapstick scenes, but "Bruce Almighty" gets bogged down in treacle." On Metacritic, it has a score of 46 out of 100, based on 35 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".


title: Bruce Almighty

text: Roger Ebert of the "Chicago Sun-Times" gave the film three out of four stars, calling it: "A charmer, the kind of movie where Bruce learns that while he may not ever make a very good God, the experience may indeed make him a better television newsman." Ebert praised Aniston's performance: "Aniston, as a sweet kindergarten teacher and fiancee, shows again (after "The Good Girl") that she really will have a movie career." "Variety"s Robert Koehler gave the film a mixed review: "There's remarkably little done with a premise snatched from high-concept heaven, adding yet another file to the growing cabinet of under-realized comedies." The "Los Angeles Times" gave it a negative review and called it "not so mighty".


title: Bruce Almighty

text: The film was banned in Egypt because of its portrayal of God as an ordinary man. Bans in both Malaysia and Egypt were eventually lifted after the nations' censorship boards gave the film their highest rating (18-PL in the case of Malaysia).


title: Bruce Almighty

text: As God contacts Bruce using an actual phone number rather than one in the standard fictional 555 telephone exchange, several people and groups sharing this number received hundreds of phone calls from people wanting to talk to God, including a church in North Carolina, US (where the minister was named Bruce), a pastor in northern Wisconsin and a man running a sandwich shop in Manchester, England. The producers noted that the number (776-2323) was not in use in the area code (716, which was never specified on screen) in the film's story, but did not check anywhere else. For the home-video and television versions of the film, the number was changed to the fictional 555–0123.


title: Bruce Almighty

text: The soundtrack was released on June 3, 2003, by Varèse Sarabande. Tracks 8-13 are from the score composed by John Debney, performed by the Hollywood Studio Symphony (conducted by Pete Anthony) with Brad Dechter and Sandy De Crescent.


title: Bruce Almighty

text: A sequel and spin-off, titled "Evan Almighty", was released on June 22, 2007, with Steve Carell reprising his role as Evan Baxter and Morgan Freeman returning to his role as God. Although Shadyac returned to direct the sequel, neither Carrey nor Aniston were involved with the film, and Carrey's character, Bruce, is never mentioned in the film. The film was a critical and commercial failure.


title: Bruce Almighty

text: Before "Evan Almighty" materialized, screenwriters Steve Koren and Mark O’Keefe envisioned a sequel with the title "Brucifer". The proposed sequel involved Aniston's character dying and Carrey's character, under the weight of his grief, takes on Satan's powers, which he uses to resurrect Aniston's character.


title: Adin Ross

text: Adin David Ross (born October 11, 2000) is an American Twitch and YouTube streamer best known for streaming "NBA 2K20" and GTA V.


title: Adin Ross

text: Adin Ross was born to Jewish parents on October 11, 2000, in Boca Raton, Florida. He moved to New York City for a brief period of time, but decided to live in Three Rivers, California. He attended Woodlake Union High School. Ross had an interest in streaming from a young age and has stated that he skipped his high school prom to stream on Twitch.


title: Adin Ross

text: Ross revealed on a "No Jumper" interview with Adam22 that at 12 years old he was stabbed in his sleep by a mentally unstable relative. Ross had nine stitches in his arm while the relative went to jail before being admitted to a mental hospital.


title: Adin Ross

text: Ross began regularly streaming on Twitch while living with his sister Naomi. He joined an "NBA 2K" group called Always Excelling and met Bronny James through it. He gained popularity by playing "NBA 2K20" with James and doing wager matches with other streamers and YouTubers. In 2020, Ross was streaming with Bronny when LeBron James joined in on the call, which would later be uploaded on his Twitter. In November 2020, after being unsatisfied with "NBA 2K21" and its creators, Ross started the Twitter hashtag #make2kfunagain, which reached number one, trending worldwide on the platform. At around the same time, Ross began hosting "e-date" streams, where people compete to find a date over Discord, which led to further growth to his Twitch account.


title: Adin Ross

text: In February 2021, he was the first creator revealed to be in the collective Clout Gang 2.0 and moved in to the Wizza house along with FaZe Banks, Mike Majlak, Sommer Ray, and RiceGum.


title: Adin Ross

text: On April 4 2021, Adin Ross's Twitch channel was targeted by a "bot attack", where an influx of bot followers caused his follower count at the time to surpass 3 million. Before this occurred, Adin had already gained over 1 million followers on his channel and was drawing about 30,000 live viewers per stream, according to "TwitchBeat".


title: Adin Ross

text: Following controversy from April, in May of 2021, Ross announced he'd be donating 20% of his Twitch revenue to charity. He broke this down into 10% being donated to a charity for LGBTQIA causes, and allowing his viewers decide the charity for the remaining 10%. Another act of charity in June 2022 saw him donate $10,000 to streamer Tony "RSGloryAndGold" Winchester, who at the time recently announced his brain cancer diagnosis. Four months later on October 12, 2022, Winchester died.


title: Adin Ross

text: On April 10, 2021, Ross was banned from Twitch after YouTuber Zias answered a phone call and called Ross a "faggot". Ross defended himself from the ban by claiming to Twitch staff that he did not say the homophobic slur and was not in the room at the time. Twitch clarified that based off of this information he would be allowed to stream. His followers started trending the hashtag #FreeAdin on Twitter in an attempt to pressure Twitch's decision. He remained banned up until April 12, 2021.


title: Adin Ross

text: Over a year later on April 20, 2022, Ross was banned indefinitely due to the use of "hateful slurs or symbols". The reasoning behind this decision was due to the accusation through video evidence that Ross used a homophobic slur on Twitch streamer YourRAGE's livestream. He was able to later resume streaming in June 2022.


title: A Walk to Remember

text: A Walk to Remember is a 2002 American coming-of-age romantic drama film directed by Adam Shankman and written by Karen Janszen, based on Nicholas Sparks' 1999 novel of the same name. The film stars Shane West, Mandy Moore, Peter Coyote and Daryl Hannah, and was produced by Denise Di Novi and Hunt Lowry for Warner Bros. Pictures.


title: A Walk to Remember

text: The novel's 1950s setting was changed to the late 1990s to early 2000s for the film, as the producers were concerned it might not appeal to teenage audiences. The film was shot in the summer of 2001 for 39 days in Wilmington, North Carolina, with many of the sets borrowed from the television series "Dawson's Creek". The film, as with the book, is dedicated to Sparks' sister Danielle, whose cancer-afflicted life inspired the story.


title: A Walk to Remember

text: "A Walk to Remember" was theatrically released on January 25, 2002, and was a box office success, grossing $47.5 million against its $11.8 million budget. The film received generally negative reviews from critics, most of whom criticized its blandness and predictability, while others praised its sincerity and the lead actors' performances. The film was released on DVD in July 2002, and a "Family-Edited Version" was later released in December.


title: A Walk to Remember

text: In Beaufort, North Carolina, popular and rebellious high school senior Landon Carter and his friends have illegally drunk on school grounds. They lure a new student, Clay Gephardt, to a factory, hoping to "prank" him, with an initiation task into their elite friendship group. However, Clay becomes seriously injured, which is brought to the attention of the school principal through law enforcement.


title: A Walk to Remember

text: In an effort to avoid law involvement, the principal gives Landon the choice of being expelled from the school or completing several service projects which include weekend tutoring, janitorial duties, and participation in the school play. Choosing the latter, Landon is further acquainted with Jamie Sullivan, the local Baptist minister's daughter. He never before interacted with her due to the status quo at the high school, though they have known each other most of their lives.


title: A Walk to Remember

text: Landon begins to struggle with the play and reluctantly seeks guidance from Jamie, who agrees to help him on the condition that he will not fall in love with her, but Landon dismisses it as a foolish idea. They begin practicing together at her house after school. A bond begins to form between them until Landon is rude to Jamie at school to impress his friends, and she realizes Landon wants to keep their friendship a secret from others, so she decides to distance herself. Landon decides to get his act together, when he got a wake up call from Jamie. He reconciled with Clay and apologized about what happened and decided to learn his lines himself.


title: A Walk to Remember

text: On the opening night of the play, Jamie astounds Landon and the audience with her voice and beauty. When Jamie finishes singing towards the end, Landon impulsively kisses her just before the curtain closes. Afterwards, Jamie avoids Landon until his friends play a cruel prank on her, led by Belinda, his resentful ex-girlfriend who wants them to reconcile despite Landon's lack of interest. In opposition to his friends, he defends her and she eventually warms to him again. He asks her to go on a date, to which Jamie reveals that she is not allowed to date. Landon visits the church in order to ask her father for permission. He is initially hesitant but agrees.


title: A Walk to Remember

text: Their first date is a success, and it leads to another. Their relationship strengthens as they genuinely fall for each other, and all seems well. During a date, however, Jamie confesses she is not making any plans for the future because she has leukemia and has not been responding to treatment. Her condition grows worse and she gets sent to the hospital. Landon drives off to beg for help for her from his estranged father who is a doctor. Landon drives back in tears after feeling disappointed by his father's inability to help.


title: A Walk to Remember

text: Upon learning of Jamie's condition, Landon's friends come to him and apologize for their past treatment of her, offering their support. While she is admitted, Jamie gives Landon a book that once belonged to her deceased mother and tells him he is her angel. Unbeknownst to Landon, she is provided with private home care through his father to relieve her father's financial burden.


title: A Walk to Remember

text: Landon builds a telescope for Jamie to see a star that he named after her, with help from her father. It is then that he asks her to marry him. Jamie tearfully accepts, and they get married in the church where her mother was married. Landon reflects that their last summer together was spent as husband and wife, and that she had died soon after.


title: A Walk to Remember

text: Four years later, Landon returns to Beaufort to visit Jamie's father, revealing that he had been accepted into medical school. When Landon laments that Jamie was never able to witness a miracle, her father replies that the miracle was Landon himself.


title: A Walk to Remember

text: Hereafter, Landon expresses sorrow over Jamie's passing, but describes their love like the wind: he cannot see it, but he can feel it.


title: A Walk to Remember

text: The inspiration for "A Walk to Remember" was Nicholas Sparks' sister, Danielle Sparks Lewis, who died of cancer in 2000. In a speech he gave after her death in Berlin, the author admits that "In many ways, Jamie Sullivan was my younger sister". The plot was inspired by her life; Danielle met a man who wanted to marry her, "even when he knew she was sick, even when he knew that she might not make it". Both the book and film are dedicated to Danielle Sparks Lewis.


title: A Walk to Remember

text: It was filmed in Wilmington, North Carolina in the summer of 2001, at the same time that "Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood" (2002) and the television show "Dawson's Creek" were being filmed there. Many of the sets were from "Dawson's Creek" (1998) – particularly the school, hospital and Landon's home. The total shooting time was only 39 days, despite Moore being able to only work 10 hours a day because she was a minor. Daryl Hannah, who wore a brown wig as her character, had received a collagen injection in her lips, which went awry and caused noticeable swelling. By the end of filming, however, the symptoms were less obvious.


title: A Walk to Remember

text: Director Shankman wanted the lead characters to be portrayed by young actors: "I wanted young actors with whom teenagers could connect", he said. Shankman arranged a meeting with Shane West after he saw him in a magazine. He was looking for someone who could transition from being very dark to very light. He described his choice as "an instinct" he had about West, who would appear in almost every scene and had "to be either incredibly angry and self-hating or madly in love and heroic." West said: "I don't generally read love stories, but after reading the screenplay, I knew I couldn't wait to read the book so I could truly understand Nicholas Sparks' story and how he envisioned the character of Landon. It's a beautiful story and the characters are very believable, which is what attracted me to the project.


title: A Walk to Remember

text: Shankman said of Moore that she "has the voice and the face of an angel" and added that she is luminous. Moore explained that she was moved by the book: "I had such a visceral reaction to it that I remember not being able to read because I was almost hyperventilating while I was crying." Commenting on the film, she said: "It was my first movie and I know people say it may be cliche and it's a tearjerker or it's cheesy, but for me, it's the thing I'm most proud of."


title: A Walk to Remember

text: While there are many similarities to the novel by Nicholas Sparks, many changes were made. On his personal website, Sparks explains the decisions behind the differences. For example, he and the producer decided to update the setting from the 1950s to the 1990s, worrying that a film set in the 50s would fail to draw teens. "To interest them," he writes, "we had to make the story more contemporary." To make the update believable, Landon's pranks and behavior are worse than they are in the novel; as Sparks notes, "the things that teen boys did in the 1950s to be considered a little 'rough' are different than what teen boys in the 1990s do to be considered 'rough.'"


title: A Walk to Remember

text: Sparks and the producer also changed the play in which Landon and Jamie appear. In the novel, Hegbert wrote a Christmas play that illustrated how he once struggled as a father. Due to time constraints, the sub-plot showing how he overcame his struggles could not be included in the film. Sparks was concerned that "people who hadn't read the book would question whether Hegbert was a good father", adding that "because he is a good father and we didn't want that question to linger, we changed the play."


title: A Walk to Remember

text: A significant difference is that at the end of the novel, unlike the film, it is ambiguous whether Jamie died or simply disappeared into the shadow world. Sparks says that he had written the book knowing she would die, yet had "grown to love Jamie Sullivan", and so opted for "the solution that best described the exact feeling I had with regard to my sister at that point: namely, that I hoped she would live."


title: A Walk to Remember

text: The film's soundtrack was released by Moore's first label Epic Records and Sony Music Soundtrax on January 15, 2002. It features six songs by Moore and others by acts Switchfoot, Rachael Lampa and many more.


title: A Walk to Remember

text: The lead single "Cry" was originally released on Moore's self-titled third studio album in 2001. The soundtrack also includes two versions of Switchfoot's song "Only Hope" including the version Moore sang in the film.


title: A Walk to Remember

text: Moore's manager, Jon Leshay, the musical supervisor for the film, "instantly wanted" Switchfoot's music to be a vital part of the film after hearing them. He later became Switchfoot's manager. When they were approached to do the film, the band was unfamiliar with Moore or her music (despite her status as a pop star with several hits on the charts). Before their involvement with "A Walk to Remember", Switchfoot was only recognized in their native San Diego and in Contemporary Christian music circles, but have since gained mainstream recognition, with their double platinum fourth album, "The Beautiful Letdown" (2003) which included hits such as "Meant to Live" and "Dare You to Move".


title: A Walk to Remember

text: The soundtrack was re-released on October 21, 2003 as a special expanded edition and featured three songs that were not originally included on the first release of the soundtrack but were featured in the film. The song "Only Hope" by Moore had dialogue added that featuring Shane West as his character Landon Carter taken from the scene from where the song is featured in the film, as well as West's narration at the end of the film.


title: A Walk to Remember

text: "A Walk to Remember" grossed $41,281,092 in North America and $6,213,824 in other territories for a worldwide total of $47,494,916.


title: A Walk to Remember

text: In its opening weekend, the film grossed $12,177,488, finishing third at the box office behind "Black Hawk Down" ($17,012,268) and "Snow Dogs" ($13,079,373).


title: A Walk to Remember

text: The film received generally negative reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 27% based on reviews from 105 critics, with an average rating of 4.1/10. The site's critical consensus says: "Though wholesome, the Mandy Moore vehicle "A Walk to Remember" is also bland and oppressively syrupy." On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 35 out of 100, based on 26 reviews, which indicates "generally unfavorable". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade A on scale of A to F.


title: A Walk to Remember

text: "Entertainment Weekly" retitled the film ""A Walk to Forget"". Michael O'Sullivan of "The Washington Post" wrote: "If you can't see everything in this film coming from a mile away, then you really need to get out more." Stephanie Zacharek of Salon.com wrote: "A vehicle for teen singing sensation Mandy Moore. As vehicles go, it's an Edsel." In 2010, "Time" named it one of the ten worst chick flicks ever made.


title: A Walk to Remember

text: Other reviews were more positive, Joe Leydon of "Variety" wrote : "As Carter, Shane West makes an appealingly persuasive transition from embittered cynic to earnest romantic. Moore, looking a bit like Phoebe Cates’ kid sister, does a fine job of conveying Jamie's strong religious convictions as one of many admirable elements in young woman's personality. [...] As lead characters discuss their faith — or, in Carter's case, the lack thereof — actors are able to make those conversations sound perfectly natural, enabling pic to avoid any trace of overt preachiness." "Chicago Sun-Times"' film critic Roger Ebert praised Moore and West for their "quietly convincing" acting performances. The "Chicago Reader" felt that the story "has a fair amount of nuance and charm". The "San Francisco Chronicle" reviewer Octavio Roca found the film "entertaining" and wrote: "The picture is shamelessly manipulative, but in the best melodramatic sense." S. Williams of "Momzone" magazine felt that the movie was "everything a chick flick should be" and praised Shankman's direction. "Us Weekly" deemed it one of the 30 most romantic movies of all time. The film found a warmer reception with the general public, particularly in the Christian community for the film's moral values; as one reviewer from "Christianity Today" approvingly noted, "The main character is portrayed as a Christian without being psychopathic or holier-than-thou".


title: A Walk to Remember

text: "A Walk to Remember" was released by Warner Home Video on DVD on July 9, 2002. The DVD contains two commentaries, one featuring Shane West, Mandy Moore, and director Adam Shankman; the second featuring screenwriter Karen Janszen and author Nicholas Sparks. Also included is the music video for Moore's single "Cry", and the film's theatrical trailer. A "Family-Edited Version" was later released on December 24, 2002.


title: A Walk to Remember

text: In the HBO television series "Entourage", the character of Vincent Chase was credited as having a small supporting role in the film. In the fictional "Entourage" universe, Chase has an on-set relationship with Moore during the filming of "A Walk to Remember".


title: Hexadecimal

text: In mathematics and computing, the hexadecimal (also base-16 or simply hex) numeral system is a positional numeral system that represents numbers using a radix (base) of 16. Unlike the decimal system representing numbers using 10 symbols, hexadecimal uses 16 distinct symbols, most often the symbols "0"–"9" to represent values 0 to 9, and "A"–"F" (or alternatively "a"–"f") to represent values from 10 to 15.


title: Hexadecimal

text: Software developers and system designers widely use hexadecimal numbers because they provide a human-friendly representation of binary-coded values. Each hexadecimal digit represents four bits (binary digits), also known as a nibble (or nybble). For example, an 8-bit byte can have values ranging from 00000000 to 11111111 in binary form, which can be conveniently represented as 00 to FF in hexadecimal.


title: Hexadecimal

text: In mathematics, a subscript is typically used to specify the base. For example, the decimal value would be expressed in hexadecimal as . In programming, a number of notations are used to denote hexadecimal numbers, usually involving a prefix. The prefix codice_1 is used in C, which would denote this value as codice_1.


title: Hexadecimal

text: Hexadecimal is used in the transfer encoding Base16, in which each byte of the plaintext is broken into two 4-bit values and represented by two hexadecimal digits.


title: Hexadecimal

text: In most current use cases, the letters A–F or a–f represent the values 10–15, while the numerals 0–9 are used to represent their decimal values.


title: Hexadecimal

text: There is no universal convention to use lowercase or uppercase, so each is prevalent or preferred in particular environments by community standards or convention; even mixed case is used. Seven-segment displays use mixed-case AbCdEF to make digits that can be distinguished from each other.


title: Hexadecimal

text: There is some standardization of using spaces (rather than commas or another punctuation mark) to separate hex values in a long list. For instance, in the following hex dump, each 8-bit byte is a 2-digit hex number, with spaces between them, while the 32-bit offset at the start is an 8-digit hex number.


title: Hexadecimal

text: In contexts where the base is not clear, hexadecimal numbers can be ambiguous and confused with numbers expressed in other bases. There are several conventions for expressing values unambiguously. A numerical subscript (itself written in decimal) can give the base explicitly: 159 is decimal 159; 159 is hexadecimal 159, which equals 345. Some authors prefer a text subscript, such as 159 and 159, or 159 and 159.


title: Hexadecimal

text: Donald Knuth introduced the use of a particular typeface to represent a particular radix in his book "The TeXbook". Hexadecimal representations are written there in a typewriter typeface:


title: Hexadecimal

text: In linear text systems, such as those used in most computer programming environments, a variety of methods have arisen:


title: Hexadecimal

text: The use of the letters "A" through "F" to represent the digits above 9 was not universal in the early history of computers.


title: Hexadecimal

text: Since there were no traditional numerals to represent the quantities from ten to fifteen, alphabetic letters were re-employed as a substitute. Most European languages lack non-decimal-based words for some of the numerals eleven to fifteen. Some people read hexadecimal numbers digit by digit, like a phone number, or using the NATO phonetic alphabet, the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet, or a similar "ad-hoc" system. In the wake of the adoption of hexadecimal among IBM System/360 programmers, Magnuson (1968) suggested a pronunciation guide that gave short names to the letters of hexadecimal – for instance, "A" was pronounced "ann", B "bet", C "chris", etc. Another naming system was elaborated by Babb (2015), based on a joke in Silicon Valley. Yet another naming-system was published online by Rogers (2007) that tries to make the verbal representation distinguishable in any case, even when the actual number does not contain numbers A–F. Examples are listed in the tables below.


title: Hexadecimal

text: Others have proposed using the verbal Morse Code conventions to express four-bit hexadecimal digits, with "dit" and "dah" representing zero and one, respectively, so that "0000" is voiced as "dit-dit-dit-dit" (...), dah-dit-dit-dah (-..-) voices the digit with a value of nine, and "dah-dah-dah-dah" (----) voices the hexadecimal digit for decimal 15.


title: Hexadecimal

text: Systems of counting on digits have been devised for both binary and hexadecimal. Arthur C. Clarke suggested using each finger as an on/off bit, allowing finger counting from zero to 1023 on ten fingers. Another system for counting up to FF (255) is illustrated on the right.


title: Hexadecimal

text: The hexadecimal system can express negative numbers the same way as in decimal: −2A to represent −42 and so on.


title: Hexadecimal

text: Hexadecimal can also be used to express the exact bit patterns used in the processor, so a sequence of hexadecimal digits may represent a signed or even a floating-point value. This way, the negative number −42 can be written as FFFF FFD6 in a 32-bit CPU register (in two's-complement), as C228 0000 in a 32-bit FPU register or C045 0000 0000 0000 in a 64-bit FPU register (in the IEEE floating-point standard).


title: Hexadecimal

text: Just as decimal numbers can be represented in exponential notation, so too can hexadecimal numbers. By convention, the letter "P" (or "p", for "power") represents "times two raised to the power of", whereas "E" (or "e") serves a similar purpose in decimal as part of the E notation. The number after the "P" is "decimal" and represents the "binary" exponent. Increasing the exponent by 1 multiplies by 2, not 16. 10.0p1 = 8.0p2 = 4.0p3 = 2.0p4 = 1.0p5. Usually, the number is normalized so that the leading hexadecimal digit is 1 (unless the value is exactly 0).


title: Hexadecimal

text: This notation can be used for floating-point literals in the C99 edition of the C programming language.


title: Hexadecimal

text: Using the "%a" or "%A" conversion specifiers, this notation can be produced by implementations of the "printf" family of functions following the C99 specification and


title: Hexadecimal

text: Most computers manipulate binary data, but it is difficult for humans to work with a large number of digits for even a relatively small binary number. Although most humans are familiar with the base 10 system, it is much easier to map binary to hexadecimal than to decimal because each hexadecimal digit maps to a whole number of bits (4).


title: Hexadecimal

text: This example converts 1111 to base ten. Since each position in a binary numeral can contain either a 1 or a 0, its value may be easily determined by its position from the right:


title: Hexadecimal

text: With little practice, mapping 1111 to F in one step becomes easy: see table in written representation. The advantage of using hexadecimal rather than decimal increases rapidly with the size of the number. When the number becomes large, conversion to decimal is very tedious. However, when mapping to hexadecimal, it is trivial to regard the binary string as 4-digit groups and map each to a single hexadecimal digit.


title: Hexadecimal

text: This example shows the conversion of a binary number to decimal, mapping each digit to the decimal value, and adding the results.


title: Hexadecimal

text: Compare this to the conversion to hexadecimal, where each group of four digits can be considered independently, and converted directly:


title: Hexadecimal

text: Although quaternary (base 4) is little used, it can easily be converted to and from hexadecimal or binary. Each hexadecimal digit corresponds to a pair of quaternary digits and each quaternary digit corresponds to a pair of binary digits. In the above example 5 E B 5 2 = 11 32 23 11 02.


title: Hexadecimal

text: The octal (base 8) system can also be converted with relative ease, although not quite as trivially as with bases 2 and 4. Each octal digit corresponds to three binary digits, rather than four. Therefore, we can convert between octal and hexadecimal via an intermediate conversion to binary followed by regrouping the binary digits in groups of either three or four.


title: Hexadecimal

text: As with all bases there is a simple algorithm for converting a representation of a number to hexadecimal by doing integer division and remainder operations in the source base. In theory, this is possible from any base, but for most humans only decimal and for most computers only binary (which can be converted by far more efficient methods) can be easily handled with this method.


title: Hexadecimal

text: Let d be the number to represent in hexadecimal, and the series hh...hh be the hexadecimal digits representing the number.


title: Hexadecimal

text: The following is a JavaScript implementation of the above algorithm for converting any number to a hexadecimal in String representation. Its purpose is to illustrate the above algorithm. To work with data seriously, however, it is much more advisable to work with bitwise operators.


title: Hexadecimal

text: It is also possible to make the conversion by assigning each place in the source base the hexadecimal representation of its place value — before carrying out multiplication and addition to get the final representation.


title: Hexadecimal

text: For example, to convert the number B3AD to decimal, one can split the hexadecimal number into its digits: B (11), 3 (3), A (10) and D (13), and then get the final result by multiplying each decimal representation by 16 ("p" being the corresponding hex digit position, counting from right to left, beginning with 0). In this case, we have that:


title: Hexadecimal

text: Many computer systems provide a calculator utility capable of performing conversions between the various radices frequently including hexadecimal.


title: Hexadecimal

text: In Microsoft Windows, the Calculator utility can be set to Scientific mode (called Programmer mode in some versions), which allows conversions between radix 16 (hexadecimal), 10 (decimal), 8 (octal) and 2 (binary), the bases most commonly used by programmers. In Scientific Mode, the on-screen numeric keypad includes the hexadecimal digits A through F, which are active when "Hex" is selected. In hex mode, however, the Windows Calculator supports only integers.


title: Hexadecimal

text: Elementary operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division can be carried out indirectly through conversion to an alternate numeral system, such as the commonly-used decimal system or the binary system where each hex digit corresponds to four binary digits.


title: Hexadecimal

text: Alternatively, one can also perform elementary operations directly within the hex system itself — by relying on its addition/multiplication tables and its corresponding standard algorithms such as long division and the traditional subtraction algorithm.


title: Hexadecimal

text: As with other numeral systems, the hexadecimal system can be used to represent rational numbers, although repeating expansions are common since sixteen (10) has only a single prime factor; two.


title: Hexadecimal

text: For any base, 0.1 (or "1/10") is always equivalent to one divided by the representation of that base value in its own number system. Thus, whether dividing one by two for binary or dividing one by sixteen for hexadecimal, both of these fractions are written as codice_49. Because the radix 16 is a perfect square (4), fractions expressed in hexadecimal have an odd period much more often than decimal ones, and there are no cyclic numbers (other than trivial single digits). Recurring digits are exhibited when the denominator in lowest terms has a prime factor not found in the radix; thus, when using hexadecimal notation, all fractions with denominators that are not a power of two result in an infinite string of recurring digits (such as thirds and fifths). This makes hexadecimal (and binary) less convenient than decimal for representing rational numbers since a larger proportion lie outside its range of finite representation.


title: Hexadecimal

text: All rational numbers finitely representable in hexadecimal are also finitely representable in decimal, duodecimal and sexagesimal: that is, any hexadecimal number with a finite number of digits also has a finite number of digits when expressed in those other bases. Conversely, only a fraction of those finitely representable in the latter bases are finitely representable in hexadecimal. For example, decimal 0.1 corresponds to the infinite recurring representation 0.1 in hexadecimal. However, hexadecimal is more efficient than duodecimal and sexagesimal for representing fractions with powers of two in the denominator. For example, 0.0625 (one-sixteenth) is equivalent to 0.1, 0.09, and 0;3,45.


title: Hexadecimal

text: Powers of two have very simple expansions in hexadecimal. The first sixteen powers of two are shown below.


title: Hexadecimal

text: The traditional Chinese units of measurement were base-16. For example, one jīn (斤) in the old system equals sixteen taels. The suanpan (Chinese abacus) can be used to perform hexadecimal calculations such as additions and subtractions.


title: Hexadecimal

text: As with the duodecimal system, there have been occasional attempts to promote hexadecimal as the preferred numeral system. These attempts often propose specific pronunciation and symbols for the individual numerals. Some proposals unify standard measures so that they are multiples of 16.


title: Hexadecimal

text: An early such proposal was put forward by John W. Nystrom in "Project of a New System of Arithmetic, Weight, Measure and Coins: Proposed to be called the Tonal System, with Sixteen to the Base", published in 1862.


title: Hexadecimal

text: The word "hexadecimal" is first recorded in 1952. It is macaronic in the sense that it combines Greek ἕξ (hex) "six" with Latinate "-decimal".


title: Hexadecimal

text: The all-Latin alternative "sexadecimal" (compare the word "sexagesimal" for base 60) is older, and sees at least occasional use from the late 19th century.


title: Hexadecimal

text: Schwartzman (1994) argues that use of "sexadecimal" may have been avoided because of its suggestive abbreviation to "sex".


title: Hexadecimal

text: Many western languages since the 1960s have adopted terms equivalent in formation to "hexadecimal" (e.g. French "hexadécimal", Italian "esadecimale", Romanian "hexazecimal", Serbian "хексадецимални", etc.)


title: Hexadecimal

text: but others have introduced terms which substitute native words for "sixteen" (e.g. Greek δεκαεξαδικός, Icelandic "sextándakerfi", Russian "шестнадцатеричной" etc.)


title: Hexadecimal

text: Donald Knuth in 1969 argued that the etymologically correct term would be "senidenary", or possibly "sedenary", a Latinate term intended to convey "grouped by 16" modelled on "binary", "ternary" and "quaternary" etc.


title: Hexadecimal

text: According to Knuth's argument, the correct terms for "decimal" and "octal" arithmetic would be "denary" and "octonary", respectively.


title: Hexadecimal

text: Alfred B. Taylor used "senidenary" in his mid-1800s work on alternative number bases, although he rejected base 16 because of its "incommodious number of digits".


title: Hexadecimal

text: The now-current notation using the letters A to F establishes itself as the de facto standard beginning in 1966, in the wake of the


title: Hexadecimal

text: publication of the Fortran IV manual for IBM System/360, which (unlike earlier variants of Fortran) recognizes a standard for entering hexadecimal constants.


title: Hexadecimal

text: As noted above, alternative notations were used by NEC (1960) and The Pacific Data Systems 1020 (1964). The standard adopted by IBM seems to have become widely adopted by 1968, when Bruce Alan Martin


title: Hexadecimal

text: Martin's argument was that use of numerals 0 to 9 in nondecimal numbers "imply to us a base-ten place-value scheme":


title: Hexadecimal

text: "Why not use entirely new symbols (and names) for the seven or fifteen nonzero digits needed in octal or hex. Even use of the letters A through P would be an improvement, but entirely new symbols could reflect the binary nature of the system".


title: Hexadecimal

text: He also argued that "re-using alphabetic letters for numerical digits represents a gigantic backward step from the invention of distinct, non-alphabetic glyphs for numerals sixteen centuries ago" (as Brahmi numerals, and later in a Hindu–Arabic numeral system),


title: Hexadecimal

text: Base16 (as a proper name without a space) can also refer to a binary to text encoding belonging to the same family as Base32, Base58, and Base64.


title: Hexadecimal

text: In this case, data is broken into 4-bit sequences, and each value (between 0 and 15 inclusively) is encoded using one of 16 symbols from the ASCII character set. Although any 16 symbols from the ASCII character set can be used, in practice the ASCII digits '0'–'9' and the letters 'A'–'F' (or the lowercase 'a'–'f') are always chosen in order to align with standard written notation for hexadecimal numbers.


title: Hexadecimal

text: Support for Base16 encoding is ubiquitous in modern computing. It is the basis for the W3C standard for URL percent encoding, where a character is replaced with a percent sign "%" and its Base16-encoded form. Most modern programming languages directly include support for formatting and parsing Base16-encoded numbers.


title: Beth Behrs

text: Elizabeth Ann Behrs (born December 26, 1985) is an American actress known for her starring role as Caroline Channing in the CBS comedy series "2 Broke Girls". The show ran for six seasons and earned Behrs praise and nominations for the Teen and the People's Choice Awards. Having made her screen debut in the 2009 comedy film "", she later ventured into television roles. After "2 Broke Girls", Behrs returned to feature films with the 2015 productions "Chasing Eagle Rock" and "Hello, My Name Is Doris". She voiced Carrie Williams in the animated film "Monsters University" (2013) and Moochie in the television series "". In 2018, she was cast in her second major TV role, playing Gemma Johnson in the CBS sitcom "The Neighborhood".


title: Beth Behrs

text: In addition to her acting career, Behrs has authored a self-help book and wrote the young-adult webcomic "Dents". She is also a philanthropist and the founder of the SheHerdPower Foundation, which helps victims of sexual assaults.


title: Beth Behrs

text: Behrs was born on December 26, 1985, in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, the elder daughter of David Behrs, a college administrator, and Maureen Behrs, a first-grade teacher. She has a sister who is six years younger. In 1989, her family moved to Springfield, Virginia, and later to Lynchburg, Virginia, where she was raised. She began performing in theater at age four and played soccer while growing up. She was a student at E.C. Glass High School.


title: Beth Behrs

text: At age 15, Behrs relocated with her family to Marin County, California. She began attending Tamalpais High School in 2001, and was accepted into the school's highly regarded drama program. She graduated from that high school in 2004. Behrs studied at the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco, and went on to perform in the musical "Dangling Conversations: The Music of Simon and Garfunkel", and the plays "Korczak's Children" and "A Bright Room Called Day". She was classically trained as a singer.


title: Beth Behrs

text: Behrs moved to Los Angeles, California, in 2004, to study acting at the UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television. In 2005, she played Sandy Dumbrowski in a production of "Grease" at San Francisco's Ray of Light Theatre, and was named Miss Marin County in 2006. She began auditioning for roles in her senior year and graduated in 2008 with a bachelor's degree in critical studies. Behrs was awarded a Young Musician's Foundation Vocal Scholarship after graduating from the college.


title: Beth Behrs

text: Behrs landed her first film role in the teen comedy "", which she filmed in Vancouver for seven weeks beginning in March 2009. The seventh in the "American Pie" series, the film was released direct-to-video on December 22, 2009. She next starred in "Adventures of Serial Buddies", an independent comedy about an inept group of serial killers produced by TV personality Maria Menounos. The film also starred Christopher Lloyd, Kathie Lee Gifford, and Artie Lange. In late 2010, Behrs shot the independent feature, "Route 30, Too!", in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, playing an alien girl.


title: Beth Behrs

text: Behrs began working in television with guest appearances on "" and ABC's "Castle". In 2011, she was working as a nanny and at the Geffen Playhouse in Westwood, when she auditioned for the CBS sitcom "2 Broke Girls". She landed the lead role after seven auditions. Behrs stars as Caroline Channing, an heiress from Manhattan's Upper East Side, who is forced to become a waitress at a diner in Williamsburg, Brooklyn after her father is arrested for financial wrongdoing. Her character is a graduate of the Wharton School who teams up with a waitress named Max (Kat Dennings) in a business venture. The series is produced by comedian Whitney Cummings and "Sex and the City"-producer Michael Patrick King. In March 2016, CBS renewed the series for a sixth season. On May 12, 2017, the series was canceled after six seasons. Beginning in 2018, Behrs starred as Gemma Johnson in the CBS sitcom "The Neighborhood".


title: Beth Behrs

text: In 2013, Behrs appeared on "It's a Brad, Brad World", a Bravo reality television series featuring fashion stylist Brad Goreski. Behrs was also a presenter at the 2013 Academy of Country Music Awards. She voiced sorority girl Carrie Williams that year in the Disney/Pixar animated film "Monsters University", a prequel to 2001's "Monsters, Inc.". She starred alongside Sally Field and Max Greenfield in the independent comedy, "Hello, My Name Is Doris", directed by Michael Showalter. Behrs made her Manhattan stage debut in June 2016 at the Lucille Lortel Theatre in Halley Feiffer's comedic play, "A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Gynecologic Oncology Unit at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center of New York City".


title: Beth Behrs

text: Behrs is also an author. Since 2016, she co-creates the young-adult webcomic "Dents" with childhood friend Matt Doyle. Inspired by "X-Men" comics, the webcomic explores themes such as sexuality, feminism and environmental issues. Behrs released the book "The Total Me-Tox: How to Ditch Your Diet, Move Your Body & Love Your Life" in May 2017, in which she shares her personal journey towards health and happiness.


title: Beth Behrs

text: Behrs and actor Michael Gladis were engaged on July 10, 2016, after a six-year relationship. They appeared in a short film together, "The Argument", in 2012, for the comedy website Funny or Die. On July 21, 2018, she married Gladis at Moose Creek Ranch in Victor, Idaho, just outside Jackson Hole. Behrs and Gladis have a daughter, Emma George Gladis, born in June 2022. While the date of birth was not revealed, Behrs announced the news in an Instagram post on June 13.


title: Beth Behrs

text: Behrs is a fan of country music and has presented awards at the ACM, CMT and CMA Awards and appeared in Lady A's "Downtown" music video. In 2020, she began hosting "Harmonics with Beth Behrs", a podcast where she interviews country and bluegrass singers and songwriters with guests including Glennon Doyle, Geeta Novotny, Mickey Guyton, Brandi Carlile, Tichina Arnold, Allison Russell and Mary Gauthier.


title: Beth Behrs

text: Behrs began equine therapy in 2011 to help manage panic attacks and anxiety that she had experienced since she was a teenager.


title: Beth Behrs

text: Behrs founded SheHerdPower Foundation, which pairs women with horses, to provide therapy to victims of sexual assault.


title: Manny Jacinto

text: Manuel Luis Jacinto ( ; born August 19, 1987) is a Canadian actor born in the Philippines. After several small roles on television, his breakout role came starring as Jason Mendoza on the NBC sitcom "The Good Place" (2016–2020). He has appeared as Waring 'Wade' Espiritu in the neo-noir thriller film "Bad Times at the El Royale" (2018) and as Fritz in the action drama film "" (2022).


title: Manny Jacinto

text: Jacinto was born in Manila, Philippines, and is of Chinese Filipino descent. His family immigrated to Canada in 1990, when he was about three years old. He was raised in Richmond, British Columbia. Jacinto grew up playing baseball and basketball, and attended an all-boys Catholic high school, Vancouver College.


title: Manny Jacinto

text: While interning, Jacinto participated in hip-hop dance competitions before deciding on acting as a career. He became frustrated by the lack of other Asian actors in Vancouver and relocated to Los Angeles.


title: Manny Jacinto

text: After small roles in series including "Once Upon a Time", "Supernatural" and "iZombie", he was cast in 2015 as triad leader Wing Lei in the Canadian spy drama "The Romeo Section" by Chris Haddock. The role won him a Leo Award nomination for Best Supporting Performance in a Dramatic Series.


title: Manny Jacinto

text: In 2016, Jacinto was cast as Jianyu Li / Jason Mendoza in the NBC comedy "The Good Place". Jacinto received favourable critical notice for his performance as Mendoza, the EDM-obsessed "lovable doofus" from Jacksonville, Florida, going against stereotypes of how Asian men are often portrayed in Hollywood.


title: Manny Jacinto

text: In November 2019, it was announced that Jacinto would appear in a main role on the Netflix horror drama miniseries "Brand New Cherry Flavor". The miniseries was released on August 13, 2021.


title: Manny Jacinto

text: In November 2021, it was announced that Jacinto would be voicing the character Scott in the animated comedy-adventure series, "Hailey’s On It!", which is slated to premiere in 2023.


title: Manny Jacinto

text: In 2022, Jacinto voiced the character Lucan in the eight-episode sci-fi podcast Marigold Breach, alongside his Good Place co-star Jameela Jamil.


title: Manny Jacinto

text: In November 2019, Jacinto announced that he was engaged to fellow Canadian actress Dianne Doan. He lives in Los Angeles.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: Robert Bosch GmbH (; ), commonly known as Bosch and stylized as BOSCH, is a German multinational engineering and technology company headquartered in Gerlingen, Germany. The company was founded by Robert Bosch in Stuttgart in 1886. Bosch is 92% owned by Robert Bosch Stiftung, a charitable institution. Although the charity is funded by owning the vast majority of shares, it has no voting rights and is involved in health and social causes unrelated to Bosch’s business.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: Bosch's core operating areas are spread across four business sectors: mobility (hardware and software), consumer goods (including household appliances and power tools), industrial technology (including drive and control) and energy and building technology.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: The company started in a backyard in Stuttgart-West as the "Werkstätte für Feinmechanik und Elektrotechnik" ("Workshop for Precision Mechanics and Electrical Engineering") on 15 November 1886. The next year Bosch presented a low voltage magneto for gas engines.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: From 1897, Bosch started installing magneto ignition devices into automobiles and became a supplier of an ignition system. In 1902, the chief engineer at Bosch, Gottlob Honold, unveiled the high-voltage magneto ignition system with spark plug.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: In 1901, Bosch opened its first factory in Stuttgart. In 1906, the company produced its 100,000th magneto. In the same year, Bosch introduced the 8-hours day for workers. In 1910, the Feuerbach plant was founded and built close to Stuttgart. In this factory, Bosch started to produce generators and headlights "Bosch-Light" in 1914. the system had been presented in 1913.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: The onset of motorization in road traffic meant that the company grew very rapidly after 1900. While Bosch had a workforce of 45 in 1901, it had already grown to more than 1,000 by 1908.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: In 1913, Bosch founded an apprentice workshop in order to recruit qualified young people for the production of automotive electrics. Bosch's international development began in 1898 with the opening of a branch in London, followed the next year by Paris, Vienna, and Budapest. By 1909, Bosch was represented by trading partners on every continent: in 1906 in New York (U.S.) and Johannesburg (South Africa), in 1907 in Sydney (Australia), in 1908 in Buenos Aires (Argentina), in 1909 in Shanghai (China), in 1910 in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), and in 1911 in Tokyo (Japan). Bosch opened the first factory outside Germany in Paris in 1905, and the first on another continent in 1912 in Springfield, Massachusetts (USA).


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: In 1917, Bosch was transformed into a corporation and remained so until 1937, when Robert Bosch became the sole owner again after buying back his shares. In the process, the company became a limited liability company (GmbH).


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: After the First World War, Bosch lost most of its international holdings, including its U.S. factories. The company had to largely rebuild its international activities. This included opening up further South American and Asian regions. In 1922, for example, Illies & Company established a sales office for Bosch goods in Calcutta, India. In the years that followed, Bosch concluded contracts in Asia with sales partners in Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and what is now Indonesia, for example, and on the American continents with partners in Mexico, Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: In the 1920s, Bosch expanded its product range to include numerous automotive technology products that were required for cars in everyday use: electric horn (1921), direction indicators ("trafficator" 1927), windshield wipers (1926).


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: And in 1927, Bosch launched injection pumps for diesel. Bosch bought the gas appliances production from Junkers & Co. in 1932, as a part of a diversification strategy. In 1932, the company developed its first electric drill and presented its first car radio. In 1933, Bosch presented its first electric fridge for private households.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: The year 1933 marked the beginning of the darkest chapter in Bosch's corporate history. On the one hand, the company was systemically relevant as a motor vehicle supplier during the Nazi era, and the management behaved loyally toward the regime. On the other hand, with Robert Bosch's support, the company supported oppositional and anti-regime activities with the utmost secrecy.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: In late 1933 negotiations between Robert Bosch AG and the Nazi Party began on relocating parts of armaments production to Germany's interior. Bosch founded two such alternative plants in 1935 and 1937: Dreilinden Maschinenbau GmbH in Kleinmachnow near Berlin and Elektro- und Feinmechanische Industrie GmbH (later Trillke-Werke GmbH) in Hildesheim. Both plants were used exclusively for armaments production. These "shadow factories" were built under great secrecy and in close cooperation with the Nazi authorities. In 1937, Bosch AG became a limited liability company (GmbH).


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: The Bosch subsidiary Dreilinden Maschinenbau GmbH (DLMG) in Kleinmachnow employed around 5,000 people, more than half of whom were forced laborers, prisoners of war, and female concentration camp prisoners, including many women from the Warsaw Uprising. They had to produce accessories for German Luftwaffe aircraft. In Hildesheim, a secret plant for the entire electrical equipment of tanks, tractors, and trucks of the Wehrmacht was built. In 1944, 4,290 men and women worked in the Trillke factory, 2,019 of whom were forced laborers, prisoners of war and military internees. During the Second World War, a total of 2,711 people who had been deported to Germany from the occupied countries had to work at the Bosch plant in Hildesheim.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: In the last years of the war, no new German tank ever drove without the starter elements from the Bosch factory in Hildesheim. Bosch also had a monopoly position in the outfitting of German Luftwaffe aircraft.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: During the war, production was further decentralized, Bosch produced in an ever larger number of factories, and relocated parts of its production to 213 plants in more than 100 locations.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: Angela Martin and Ewa Czerwiakowski interviewed numerous former forced laborers and concentration camp prisoners of Dreilinden Maschinenbau GmbH and Trillke-Werke as part of a Berliner Geschichtswerkstatt project, researched the history of the two shadow factories, and published several books and exhibitions on the subject.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: A few months later, on October 11, 1933, Robert Bosch had written to the German foreign minister insisting on the continuation of international understanding, especially the Franco-German understanding that was close to his own heart. Without success, Germany withdrew from the League of Nations, the predecessor institution of today's UN, on October 14, 1933. As the dictatorship solidified, such official interventions proved futile, if not dangerous. Therefore, activities were essentially limited to two options: Supporting the resistance and helping Jews. In April 1937, Bosch engaged the former mayor of Leipzig, Carl Goerdeler. The latter, officially as a business advisor to the company, traveled abroad many times over the next two years to warn politicians about Hitler's war plans.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: He later belonged to the "Bosch Circle" around Albrecht Fischer, Paul Hahn, Theodor Bäuerle, and WIlly Schloßstein, all of whom were confidants of Robert Bosch and Hans Walz and critical of the Nazi system. With the help of this circle, Goerdeler supported the assassination attempt on Hitler on July 20, 1944. Because of his participation in the preparation of the attack, Goerdeler was sentenced to death and executed in Berlin-Plötzensee on February 2, 1945. Aid for Jews was provided primarily on the initiative of Hans Walz, the head of the company, with the backing of Robert Bosch, mostly in the form of cash donations that were used via the "Jewish Central Office" to finance the emigration of persecuted Jews, in many cases illegally.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: In 2001, Bosch acquired the "Mannesmann Rexroth AG", which they later renamed to "Bosch Rexroth AG". In the same year, the company opened a new testing center in Vaitoudden, close to Arjeplog in north Sweden. A new developing center in Abstatt, Germany followed in 2004.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: In 2002, Bosch acquired Philips CSI, which at the time was manufacturing a broad range of professional communication and security products and systems including CCTV, congress and public address systems.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: Important inventions in these years were the electric hydraulic brake in 2001, the common rail fuel injection with piezo-injectors, the digital car radio with a disc drive, and the cordless screwdriver with a lithium-ion battery in 2003.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: Bosch received the "Deutsche Zukunftspreis" (German Future Prize) from the German president in 2005 and 2008. A new development center was planned in 2008 in Renningen. In 2014, the first departments moved to the new center, while the remaining departments followed in 2015.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: In 2009, Bosch invested about 3.6 billion Euro in development and research. Approximately 3900 patents are published per year. In addition to increasing energy efficiency by employing renewable energies, the company plans to invest into new areas such as biomedical engineering.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: China has developed into an important market and manufacturing base for Bosch. In 2012, Bosch had 34,000 employees and a revenue of 41.7 billion Yuan (about 5 billion Euro) in China.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: In 2006, Volkswagen executives asked Bosch for help in developing software for their emission defeat devices. Volkswagen is one of Bosch's biggest customers. Volkswagen engineers provided detailed specifications to Bosch, which wrote the necessary code. Bosch was apparently concerned about the legality of software and asked Volkswagen to assume responsibility if the fraud was discovered, but Volkswagen refused.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: Starting in 2008, Bosch supplied approximately 17 million motor control and mixture control devices containing illegal software to various manufacturers both domestically and globally. With such software, the automobiles fitted with Bosch's devices emitted more nitrogen oxides than allowed under regulations.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: On 1 February 2017, Bosch agreed to pay consumers in the United States $327.5 million as compensation for its role in devising the software. Bosch also provided emissions software for Fiat Chrysler's 3.0 L V6 diesel engine used in 100,000 model year 2014–2016 Grand Cherokee SUVs and Ram Trucks and agreed to pay affected consumers $27.5 million as part of a broader settlement in January 2019. In May 2019, Bosch paid another $100 million fine for its connection to the Dieselgate scandal.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: In 2020, Bosch funded the creation of a 20-page report entitled "Decarbonising Road Transport: There Is No Silver Bullet", which was widely debunked for promoting misleading information about the CO2 emissions created in the manufacture of electric vehicles, following the UK's declaration to ban the sale of new internal combustion engine vehicles from 2030.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: The report compared the emissions created in the production of the all-electric Polestar 2 car, which it claimed would emit 24 tonnes of CO2 over its life, with a petrol-powered Volvo XC40, which the report claimed would create 14 tonnes of CO2. Based on the comparison of these two cars alone the study promoted by Clarendon Communications claimed that all electric vehicles would need to drive in order to offset the emissions from manufacture – when, in reality, a typical EV need only drive in order to offset the emissions from manufacture.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: While Bosch was a key funder of the report, the scandal became known as Astongate given the relationship between British automotive manufacturer, Aston Martin and Clarendon Communications, a shell company posing as a PR agency which set up to promote the report, and which was registered to James Michael Stephens – the Director Global Government & Corporate Affairs at Aston Martin Lagonda Ltd.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: In January 2021, Volkswagen filed a $1.2 billion class-action against Bosch and Continental AG after VW was forced to reduce production due to a lack of automotive microchips. On January 26, 2021, the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed that Bosch won on all claims.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: In June 2021, Bosch christened its newly built semiconductor manufacturing plant in which it invested $1.2 billion, its largest-ever spending on a single project.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: in April 2022, Bosch announced it had acquired the Dresden-based MEMS micro speaker producer, Arioso Systems. The company will form part of Bosch Sensortec GmbH.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: In July 2022, Bosch said the company is looking to invest approximately 3 billion euros into its semiconductor chip production and R&D over the next four years. They will be opening two new facilities for manufacturing a computer chip development in the cities of Dresden and Reutlingen. Chairman Stefan Hartung said the company is not interested in building cutting-edge semiconductor facilities but focuses on 40 and 200-nanometer chips used in the automotive industry.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: The Mobility Solutions business sector accounts for 60 percent of total sales in 2019. Its main areas of activity are injection technology and powertrain peripherals for internal-combustion engines, powertrain electrification, steering systems, safety and driver-assistance systems, infotainment technology as well as vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, repair-shop concepts, and technology and services for the automotive aftermarket.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: Particular strategic priorities for the sector include transforming the powertrain and expanding the business in the areas of electrification, automated driving, new electrical and electronic architectures for vehicles, accessing adjacent market segments, and developing additional services.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: The new Powertrain Solutions division was formed effective 1 January 2018, in order to develop powertrain technology products, regardless of the energy source. The new division resulted from the merger of the former Gasoline Systems and Diesel Systems divisions. It offers products for powertrain technology, from gasoline and diesel direct injection to electrified powertrains with battery systems and, in the future, it will offer fuel-cell technologies as well.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: In the 2019 business year, the Industrial Technology business sector generated roughly 10 percent of total Bosch Group sales. The sector includes the Drive and Control Technology division, whose products include customized drive, control, and linear motion for factory automation, plant construction and engineering, and mobile machinery.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: The second division, Packaging Technology, provides process and packaging for the pharmaceuticals and foodstuffs industries. Its range includes stand-alone machines, systems, and service. In 2018, Bosch decided to look for a new owner for this business. Bosch's in-house provider of assembly systems, Robert Bosch Manufacturing Solutions GmbH, Stuttgart, remains part of the Bosch Group; up to now, it has been part of the Packaging Technology division.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: In addition, the Bosch Connected Industry business unit, which develops software and carries out Industry 4.0 projects for internal and external customers, has been part of the Industrial Technology business sector since the start of 2018.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: The Consumer Goods business sector contributed some 23 percent of total Bosch Group sales in 2019. Its Power Tools division is a supplier of power tools, power-tool accessories, and measuring technology. In addition to power tools such as hammer drills, cordless screwdrivers, and jigsaws, its products also include gardening equipment such as lawnmowers, hedge trimmers, and high-pressure cleaners. One of the division's focal points is convenient, high-performance cordless tools, and increasingly also web-enabled tools and services.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: Overlapping with its mobility interests, it provides traction motors for electric bicycles with sophisticated control systems.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: The Consumer Goods business sector also includes BSH Hausgeräte GmbH, which offers a broad range of modern, energy-efficient, and increasingly connected household appliances. Its products range from washing machines and tumble dryers through refrigerators and freezers, stoves and ovens, and dishwashers, to small appliances such as vacuum cleaners, coffee makers, and food processors.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: In 2019, the Energy and Building Technology business sector generated 7 percent of total Bosch Group sales. Its Building Technologies division (formerly Security Systems) has two areas of business: the global product business for security and communications, and the regional integrator business. The latter offers services for building security, energy efficiency, and building automation in selected countries. Both units focus on commercial applications. The products encompass video-surveillance, intrusion-detection, fire-detection, and voice-alarm systems, as well as access-control and professional audio and conference systems.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: The Thermotechnology division offers systems for air conditioning, hot water, and decentralized energy management. It provides heating systems and energy management for residential buildings, water heaters, and commercial and industrial heating and air-conditioning systems.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: The Bosch Global Service Solutions division offers outsourcing for business processes and services, primarily for customers in the automotive, travel, and logistics industries and in information and communications technology. Within Bosch, it also provides shared-service functions.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: Bosch Healthcare Solutions GmbH is a wholly owned subsidiary of Robert Bosch GmbH. The subsidiary was established in 2015 with the aim of developing products and services that improve people's health and quality of life. The business offers customers connected products and services in the area of healthcare and medical technology. In March 2020, Bosch Healthcare Solutions announced that it has developed a diagnostic tool for detecting the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic in under three hours. According to Bosch, the test can be performed directly at the point of care, eliminating the need to transport samples.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: Bosch Software Innovations has been active on the internet of things for nearly ten years. Its team takes IoT ideas from the level of strategy to practical implementation, and helps companies manage the process of digital transformation.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: The Grow Platform GmbH is the legal entity of Grow and a 100% subsidiary of the Bosch corporation. Grow is an internal start-up incubator.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: Robert Bosch Venture Capital GmbH (RBVC) is the corporate venture capital company of the Bosch Group. RBVC invests worldwide in innovative start-up companies. Its investment activities focus on technology companies working in areas of business of current and future relevance for Bosch, above all, automation and electrification, energy efficiency, enabling technologies, and healthcare systems. RBVC also invests in services and business models as well as new materials that are relevant to the above-mentioned areas of business.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: Through a complex network of over 440 subsidiaries and regional entities, the company operates in over 60 countries worldwide. Including sales and service partners, Bosch's global manufacturing, engineering, and sales network covers nearly every country in the world. At 125 locations across the globe, Bosch employs roughly 64,500 associates in research and development.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: In the UK, Bosch has its corporate head office in Denham, Buckinghamshire, and employs circa. 5200 associates. There are also around 40 other Bosch Group locations throughout the country, including Coventry, Glenrothes, St Neots, Stockport, Stowmarket, Liverpool, Milton Keynes, Worcester and York.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: Alongside sales and support functions for all Bosch business sectors in the region, the company also manufactures boiler systems, mobile hydraulics, packaging machinery alongside lawn and garden products in the UK.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: In March 2019, Bosch opened its London Connectory, a Shoreditch-based "co-innovation space" open to partners from the public, private and academic sectors, from start-ups to multinational organisations.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: In North America, Robert Bosch LLC (a wholly owned Bosch subsidiary) has corporate headquarters in Farmington Hills, Michigan. Three Research Technology Centers are located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Sunnyvale, California, and Cambridge, Massachusetts. Factories and distribution facilities are located in Mt. Prospect, Illinois; Hoffman Estates, Illinois; Broadview, Illinois; Kentwood, Michigan; Warren, Michigan; Owatonna, Minnesota; Waltham, Massachusetts; Clarksville, Tennessee; Anderson, South Carolina; Charleston, South Carolina; and 11 other cities. There are also two corporate sites in Brazil and ten in Mexico where a central purchasing office for all divisions of Bosch Group is located in Broadview, Illinois. In North America, Bosch employs about 24,750 people in 80 locations, generating $8.8 billion in sales in 2006.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: In May 2015, Bosch Security Systems opened its newly constructed distribution center in Greer, South Carolina. The distribution center adds more than 50 new associates in the state and will receive, store and ship more than 50,000 different products for video surveillance, intrusion and fire detection, access control and management systems and professional audio and conference systems.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: Bosch entered India in 1922, when Illies & Company set up a sales office in Calcutta. For three decades, the company operated in the Indian market only through imports. In 1951, the Motor Industries Company Ltd. (MICO) was founded, with Bosch instantly buying 49% of its stock. MICO became the sole distributor and, after the Indian state implemented restrictive import regulations, a factory was set up at Adugodi, Bangalore in 1953, to manufacture various products with Bosch licensing. From this point onward, vocational training took place as well, culminating in the creation of a Vocational Centre in 1960. By 1961, 2,000 people worked at the Bangalore plant, which had already started export business, and 57.5% of MICO shares had been bought by Bosch. This was followed by increased investments into MICO plants in India in the late 1960s and early 1970s; a second plant was installed in Nasik in 1969–1971, a third in Naganathapura in 1988. In the late 1980s, the second-largest contingent of Bosch employees outside of Germany was based in India until eventually, in 2008, MICO was renamed Bosch Limited.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: Bosch India has a turnover of over US$3 billion and over 31,000 employees spread across 10 locations and 7 application development centers. 84% of Bosch India revenues come from its automotive business, with the remaining 16% split between its non-automotive businesses that include packaging, energy and building, power tools and consumer retail. Bosch also has R & D facilities in Pune, Hyderabad, Coimbatore and Bangalore, India. This is Bosch's largest R & D operation outside its home market of Germany. In September 2014, Bosch announced the launch of a locally developed eye-care solution in India. The company's new eye screening and detection system offers a combination of hardware and software and provides affordable eye care.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: Bosch India is listed on the Indian stock exchanges and has a market capitalization of over US$12 billion.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: In 2022, Bosch's engineering and software arm Robert Bosch Engineering and Business Solutions (abbreviated as RBEI), changed its name to Bosch Global Software Technologies.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: BSH Hausgeräte GmbH, in which Bosch acquired all shares in 2014, is one of the world's top three companies in the household appliances industry. In Germany and Western Europe, BSH is the market leader. It includes the principal brand names "Bosch" and "Siemens", "Gaggenau", "Balay", "Neff", "Thermador", "Constructa", "Viva" and "Ufesa" brands, and further six regional brands. Bosch household appliances for the North American market are mainly manufactured at its factory near New Bern, North Carolina.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: Daimler AG and Bosch established a 50:50 joint venture (JV) to develop and manufacture electric motors in 2011. The JV, called EM-motive GmbH, manufactures traction motors for electric, fuel cell and extended-range vehicles at a facility in Hildesheim, Germany.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: Bosch co-owned Purolator Filters in a joint venture with Mann+Hummel until 2013. In 2013 the Mann+Hummel Group acquired Bosch's stake.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: In June 2008 Bosch formed SB LiMotive, a 50:50 joint company with Samsung SDI. The company held ground breaking ceremony for a 28.000 m lithium-ion battery cell manufacturing plant in September 2009 and it is scheduled to start production for hybrid vehicles in 2011 and for electric vehicles in 2012. The plant will generate 1,000 jobs in Ulsan, Korea in addition to the 500 employees in Korea, Germany and the United States. SB LiMotive was officially ended in September 2012 with both companies focusing on automotive batteries alone.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: In October 2020, Bosch and Mitchell International paired up to develop the MD-500, a wireless tablet that repair planners can use to link directly to OEM repair procedures from Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs), automatically upload pre-scan and post-scans, and write estimates and calibration reports. Bosch and Mitchell launched the MD-TS21, a target system which permits repair facilities to quickly and accurately calibrate blind-spot monitors, front-facing camera, and radar sensors in automobile models with ADAS, in February 2021.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: Robert Bosch GmbH, including its wholly owned subsidiaries such as Robert Bosch LLC in North America, is unusual in that it is an extremely large, privately owned corporation that is almost entirely (92%) owned by a charitable foundation. Thus, while most of the profits are invested back into the corporation to build for the future and sustain growth, nearly all of the profits distributed to shareholders are devoted to humanitarian causes.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: As shown in the diagram above, the "Robert Bosch Stiftung" ("Robert Bosch Foundation") holds 92% of the shares of "Robert Bosch GmbH", but no voting rights. The "Robert Bosch Industrietreuhand KG" ("Robert Bosch Industrial Trust KG"), with old members of the company management, agents of the Bosch family, and other eminent people from the industry (such as Jürgen Hambrecht, CEO of BASF), have 93% of the votes, but no shares (0.01%). The remaining 8% of shares and 7% of voting-rights are held by the descendants of the company founder Robert Bosch.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: For example, in 2004, the net profit was US$2.1 billion, but only US$78 million was distributed as dividends to shareholders. Of that figure, US$72 million was distributed to the charitable foundation, and the other US$6 million to Bosch family stockholders. The remaining 96% of the profits were invested back into the company. In its core automotive technology business, Bosch invests 9% of its revenue on research and development, nearly double the industry average of 4.7%.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: Almost all Bosch locations are both ISO 9001 (quality) and ISO 14001 (environmental protection) certified. In addition to that, their management is compliant with OHSAS 18001.


title: Robert Bosch GmbH

text: In May 2019, Bosch said it plans to be "fully carbon-neutral” by 2020 – a decade or more earlier than most of its rivals – thanks to big investments in clean electricity and an ambitious carbon offset program.


title: Rugrats

text: Rugrats is an American animated television series created by Arlene Klasky, Gábor Csupó, and Paul Germain for Nickelodeon. The show focuses on a group of toddlers; most prominently—Tommy, Chuckie, Angelica, and twins Phil and Lil, and their day-to-day lives, usually involving life experiences that become much greater adventures in the imaginations of the main characters.