title: Ram Dass

text: Ram Dass was born Richard Alpert in 1931. His parents were Gertrude (Levin) and George Alpert, a lawyer in Boston. He considered himself an atheist during his early life. Speaking at Berkeley Community Theater in 1973 he said, "My Jewish trip was primarily political Judaism, I mean I was never Bar Mitzvahed, confirmed, and so on." In a 2006 article in "Tufts Magazine" he was quoted by Sara Davidson, describing himself as "inured to religion. I didn't have one whiff of God until I took psychedelics." He was also interviewed by Arthur J. Magida at the Omega Institute in Rhinebeck, New York, who published the interview in 2008, quoting Ram Dass as saying "What I mostly remember about my bar mitzvah was that it was an empty ritual. It was flat. Absolutely flat. There was a disappointing hollowness to the moment. There was nothing, nothing, nothing in it for my heart."


title: Ram Dass

text: Alpert attended the Williston Northampton School, graduating cum laude in 1948. He achieved a Bachelor of Arts degree in Psychology from Tufts University in 1952. His father had wanted him to go to medical school, but while at Tufts he decided to study psychology instead. After earning his master's degree in Psychology from Wesleyan University in 1954, his mentor at Wesleyan, David McClelland, recommended Alpert to Stanford University. Alpert wrote his doctoral thesis on "achievement anxiety", receiving his PhD in Psychology from Stanford in 1957. Alpert then taught at Stanford for one year, and began psychoanalysis.


title: Ram Dass

text: McClelland moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts, to teach at Harvard University, and helped Alpert accept a tenure-track position there in 1958 as an assistant clinical psychology professor. Alpert worked with the Social Relations Department, the Psychology Department, the Graduate School of Education, and the Health Service, where he was a therapist. He specialized in human motivation and personality development, and published his first book "Identification and Child Rearing".


title: Ram Dass

text: McClelland did work with his close friend and associate Timothy Leary, a lecturer in clinical psychology at the university. Alpert and Leary had met through McClelland, who headed the Center for Research in Personality where Alpert and Leary both did research. Alpert was McClelland's deputy in the lab.


title: Ram Dass

text: After returning from a visiting professorship at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1961, Alpert devoted himself to joining Leary in experimentation with and intensive research to the potentially therapeutic effects of hallucinogenic drugs such as psilocybin, LSD-25, and other psychedelic chemicals, through their Harvard Psilocybin Project. Alpert and Leary co-founded the non-profit International Federation for Internal Freedom (IFIF) in 1962 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in order to carry out studies in the religious use of psychedelic drugs, and were both on the board of directors.


title: Ram Dass

text: Alpert assisted Harvard Divinity School graduate student Walter Pahnke in his 1962 "Good Friday Experiment" with theology students, the first controlled, double-blind study of drugs and the mystical experience.


title: Ram Dass

text: Leary and Alpert were formally dismissed from Harvard in 1963. According to Harvard President Nathan M. Pusey, Leary was dismissed for leaving Cambridge and his classes without permission or notice, and Alpert for allegedly giving psilocybin to an undergraduate.


title: Ram Dass

text: In 1963 Alpert, Leary, and their followers moved to the Hitchcock Estate in Millbrook, New York, after IFIF's New York City branch director and Mellon fortune heiress Peggy Hitchcock arranged for her brother Billy to rent the estate to IFIF. Alpert and Leary immediately set up a communal group with former Harvard Psilocybin Project members at the estate (commonly known as "Millbrook"), and the IFIF was subsequently disbanded and renamed the Castalia Foundation (after the intellectual colony in Hermann Hesse's novel "The Glass Bead Game"). The core group at Millbrook, whose journal was the "Psychedelic Review", sought to cultivate the divinity within each person. At Millbrook, they experimented with psychedelics and often participated in group LSD sessions, looking for a permanent route to higher consciousness. The Castalia Foundation hosted weekend retreats on the estate where people paid to undergo the psychedelic experience without drugs, through meditation, yoga, and group therapy sessions.


title: Ram Dass

text: Alpert and Leary continued on to co-author a book entitled "The Psychedelic Experience" with Ralph Metzner, based on the "Tibetan Book of the Dead", and it was published in 1964. Alpert co-authored "LSD" with Sidney Cohen and Lawrence Schiller in 1966.


title: Ram Dass

text: In 1967, Alpert traveled to India where he met American spiritual seeker Bhagavan Das, and later met Neem Karoli Baba.


title: Ram Dass

text: In 1967, Bhagavan Das guided Alpert throughout India, eventually introducing him to Neem Karoli Baba, whom Alpert called "Maharaj-ji", who became his guru at Kainchi ashram. Neem Karoli Baba gave Alpert the name "Ram Dass", which means "servant of God", referring to the incarnation of God as Ram or Lord Rama. Alpert also corresponded with Indian spiritual teacher Meher Baba and mentioned Baba in several of his books.


title: Ram Dass

text: After Alpert returned to America as Ram Dass, he stayed at the Lama Foundation in Taos, New Mexico, as a guest. Ram Dass had helped Steve Durkee (Nooruddeen Durkee) and Barbara Durkee (Asha Greer or Asha von Briesen) co-found the countercultural, spiritual community in 1967, and it had an ashram dedicated to Ram Dass's guru. During Ram Dass's visit, he presented a manuscript he had written, entitled "From Bindu to Ojas". The community's residents edited, illustrated, and laid out the text, which ultimately became a best-selling book when published under the name "Be Here Now" in 1971. The 416-page manual for conscious being was published by the Lama Foundation, as Ram Dass's benefit for the community. "Be Here Now" contained Ram Dass's account of his spiritual journey, as well as recommended spiritual techniques and quotes. It became a popular guide to New Age spirituality, selling two million copies. The proceeds helped sustain the Lama Foundation for several years, after which they donated the book's copyright and half its proceeds to the Hanuman Foundation in Taos.


title: Ram Dass

text: "Be Here Now" is one of the first guides for those not born Hindu to becoming a yogi. For its influence on the hippie movement and subsequent spiritual movements it has been described as a "countercultural bible" and "seminal" to the era. In addition to introducing its title phrase into common use, "Be Here Now" has influenced numerous other writers and yoga practitioners, including the industrialist Steve Jobs, the self-help author Wayne Dyer, and the poet Lawrence Ferlinghetti.


title: Ram Dass

text: The first section of the book inspired the lyrics to George Harrison's song "Be Here Now", written in 1971 and released on his 1973 album "Living in the Material World".


title: Ram Dass

text: During the 1970s, Ram Dass taught, wrote, and worked with foundations. He founded the Hanuman Foundation, a nonprofit educational and service organization that initiated the Prison-Ashram Project (now known as the Human Kindness Foundation), in 1974. The Hanuman Foundation strives to improve the spiritual well-being of society through education, media and community service programs. He co-founded the Seva Foundation by joining with health-care workers to treat the blind in India, Nepal, and developing countries. Co-founded in 1978 with public health leader Larry Brilliant and humanitarian activist Wavy Gravy, it has become an international health organization.


title: Ram Dass

text: In the early 1970s, Ram Dass taught workshops on conscious aging and dying around the United States. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross was one of his students. Ram Dass helped create the Dying Project with its Executive Director Dale Borglum, whom he had met in India. At the time, Borglum was also executive director of the Hanuman Foundation. The Living/Dying Project, based in Marin, California, starting in 1986, was initially named the Dying Center and located in Santa Fe, New Mexico. The Dying Center was the first residential facility in the U.S. where people came to die "consciously".


title: Ram Dass

text: The Love Serve Remember Foundation was organized to preserve and continue the teachings of Neem Karoli Baba and Ram Dass. Ram Dass also served on the faculty of the Metta Institute where he provided training on mindful and compassionate care of the dying.


title: Ram Dass

text: Over the course of his life since the inception of his Hanuman Foundation, Ram Dass gave all of his book royalties and profits from teaching to his foundation and other charitable causes. The estimated amount of earnings he gave away annually ranges from $100,000 to $800,000.


title: Ram Dass

text: At 60 years of age, Ram Dass began exploring Judaism seriously for the first time. "My belief is that I wasn't born into Judaism by accident, and so I needed to find ways to honor that", he says. "From a Hindu perspective, you are born as what you need to deal with, and if you just try and push it away, whatever it is, it's got you."


title: Ram Dass

text: Leary and Ram Dass, who had grown apart after Ram Dass denounced Leary in a 1974 news conference, reconciled in 1983 at Harvard (at a reunion for the 20th anniversary of their controversial firing from the Harvard faculty), and reunited before Leary's death in May 1996.


title: Ram Dass

text: In February 1997, Ram Dass had a stroke that left him with expressive aphasia, which he interpreted as an act of grace. He stated, "The stroke was giving me lessons, and I realized that was grace—fierce grace ... Death is the biggest change we'll face, so we need to practice change." After he almost died from a second stroke during a trip to India in 2004, Ram Das moved to Maui and did not leave the Hawaiian Islands until July 2019, when he attended the consecration of a new Hanuman Mandir in Taos, New Mexico, on July 13, 2019, after which he returned to Hawaii where he remained until his death. He continued to make public appearances and to give talks at small venues; held retreats in Maui; and continued to teach through live webcasts. When asked if he could sum up his life's message, he replied, "I help people as a way to work on myself, and I work on myself to help people ... to me, that's what the emerging game is all about." Ram Dass was awarded the Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience Award in August 1991.


title: Ram Dass

text: In 2003, Wayne Dyer published a plea for donations for Ram Dass's support due to his declining health following the stroke, Now it is our turn ... Ram Dass's body can no longer endure the rigors of travel. He has come to Maui, where I live and write. I speak with him frequently and I am often humbled by the tears in his beautiful 73-year-old eyes as he apologizes for not having prepared for his own elderly health care—for what he now perceives as burdensome to others. He still intends to write and teach; however without the travel—we can now come to him. Maui is healing—Maui is where Ram Dass wishes to stay for now! He is currently living in a home on Maui, which he doesn't own and is currently in jeopardy of losing. I am asking all of you to help purchase this home and to set up a financial foundation to take care of this man who has raised so much money to ensure the futures of so many others. To live out what Ram Dass has practiced with his actions. Please be generous and prompt—no one is more deserving of our love and financial support.


title: Ram Dass

text: In 2013, Ram Dass released a memoir and summary of his teaching, "Polishing the Mirror: How to Live from Your Spiritual Heart". In an interview about the book, at age 82, he said that his earlier reflections about facing old age and death now seem naive to him. He said, in part: "Now, I'm in my 80s ... Now, I am aging. I am approaching death. I'm getting closer to the end. ... Now, I really am ready to face the music all around me."


title: Ram Dass

text: In the 1990s, Ram Dass discussed his bisexuality. He stated, "I've started to talk more about being bisexual, being involved with men as well as women," and added his opinion that who gay people are "isn't gay, and it's not not-gay, and it's not anything—it's just awareness."


title: Ram Dass

text: At 78, Ram Dass learned that he had fathered a son as a 24-year-old at Stanford during a brief relationship with history major Karen Saum, and that he was now a grandfather. The fact came to light when his son, Peter Reichard, a 53-year-old banker in North Carolina, took a DNA test after learning about his mother's doubt concerning his parentage.


title: San Andreas (film)

text: San Andreas is a 2015 American disaster film directed by Brad Peyton and written by Carlton Cuse, with Andre Fabrizio and Jeremy Passmore receiving story credit. The film stars Dwayne Johnson in the lead role, Carla Gugino, Alexandra Daddario, Ioan Gruffudd, Archie Panjabi and Paul Giamatti. Its plot centers on a massive earthquake caused by the San Andreas Fault devastating the West Coast of the United States.


title: San Andreas (film)

text: Principal photography of the film started on April 22, 2014, in Queensland, Australia, and wrapped up on July 28 in San Francisco. The film was released worldwide in 2D and 3D on May 29, 2015 and received mixed reviews from critics, praising the visual effects and Johnson and Gugino's performances but criticizing the plot and characters. It grossed $474 million worldwide.


title: San Andreas (film)

text: Caltech seismologist Dr. Lawrence Hayes and his colleague Dr. Kim Park are at Hoover Dam testing a new earthquake prediction model when a nearby and previously unknown fault ruptures, triggering a 7.1 magnitude earthquake that collapses the dam; Park sacrifices himself to save a young girl. Hayes discovers that the entire San Andreas Fault is shifting and will soon cause a series of major earthquakes, potentially destroying cities along the fault line. He begins racing to warn the population of California along with his students Alexi and Phoebe and reporter Serena Johnson.


title: San Andreas (film)

text: When a 9.1 magnitude earthquake devastates Los Angeles and San Francisco, Ray Gaines, a Los Angeles Fire Department helicopter-rescue pilot going through a divorce from his wife Emma, finds himself rescuing her from a skyscraper in Los Angeles. Meanwhile, their daughter Blake has been visiting San Francisco with Emma's new boyfriend Daniel when an earthquake strikes the city. Rubble from the collapsing parking garage pins her in Daniel's car. Panicking, Daniel leaves Blake in an act of cowardice. Ben Taylor, a British engineer seeking employment at Daniel's firm, and his younger brother Ollie rescue Blake and they reach Chinatown, successfully calling her parents for help.


title: San Andreas (film)

text: Ray and Emma attempt to reach San Francisco in Ray's helicopter until it suffers a gearbox failure, forcing them to make an emergency landing at a shopping mall in Bakersfield. Amid the chaos of looting, Ray steals a truck to continue the journey. The pair encounter a couple broken down on the side of the road, shortly before the San Andreas Fault, which has torn a large fissure through the highway and extends for the perceivable length of the fault in either direction. Ray and Emma exchange the truck for an airplane the couple owns. As Blake, Ben, and Ollie attempt to reach Nob Hill to signal the pair after finding their previous meeting point at Coit Tower engulfed in flames, Ray and Emma are forced to parachute into AT&T Park just before a 9.6 magnitude quake hits, becoming the largest recorded earthquake in history.


title: San Andreas (film)

text: As the quake subsides, having destroyed much of the city, Ray and Emma commandeer a boat to reach the group, only to realize a tsunami is approaching San Francisco Bay. Alongside a handful of other survivors in small boats, the two manage to cross the wave before it crests, barely avoiding a container ship caught up in the wave. The ship bisects the Golden Gate Bridge's center span in half, killing everyone on the bridge, including Daniel, who is crushed to death by a falling shipping container. The tsunami proceeds to strike the ruined city, capsizing a cruise ship in the process, and killing thousands more. Blake, Ben, and Ollie enter the Gate, a building whose construction Daniel had been overseeing, but are still caught by the wave. As the building begins to collapse, trapping Blake underwater, Ray dives in, rescues her, and begins performing CPR. Emma crashes the boat through a window and drives the five of them out of the collapsing building as Ray resuscitates Blake.


title: San Andreas (film)

text: The survivors regroup at a relief camp on the other side of the bay, where the reconciled Ray and Emma talk about their future. On the remains of the Golden Gate Bridge an American flag unfolds, giving hope that the city will recover and rebuild, as rescue vehicles descend on the radically altered landscape of the San Francisco Bay Area, which has now extended from San Jose to Santa Cruz, turning the San Francisco Peninsula into an island.


title: San Andreas (film)

text: Additionally, Alec Utgoff portrays Alexi, Lawrence's student, Todd Williams portrays Marcus Crowlings, a fellow Los Angeles Fire Department member, Marissa Neitling portrays Phoebe, Lawrence's student, Matt Gerald portrays Harrison Rhodes, a fellow Los Angeles Fire Department helicopter-rescue pilot, Colton Haynes portrays Joby O'Leary, a fellow Los Angeles Fire Department helicopter-rescue pilot, and Arabella Morton portrays Mallory Gaines, Ray and Emma's other daughter and Blake's sister, who drowned in a rafting accident. This is shown in a flashback.


title: San Andreas (film)

text: Other cast members include Morgan Griffin as Natalie, Breanne Hill as Larissa, a waitress, Julian Shaw as Stoner, John Reynolds as Daniel's driver, Hugh Francis as Daniel's assistant, Brad McMurry as Riddick Building Security Guard, Ben McIvor as Dylan, Serena's cameraman, and Joey Vieira as Man in parking garage.


title: San Andreas (film)

text: On December 1, 2011, it was announced that New Line Cinema was developing an earthquake disaster film, "San Andreas: 3D," from a script by Jeremy Passmore and Andre Fabrizio; Allan Loeb polished the script. On June 5, 2012, the studio set Brad Peyton to direct the film. On July 18, 2012, New Line tapped Carlton Cuse to re-write the script for the earthquake disaster film. On July 18, 2013, "The Conjuring" writers Carey Hayes and Chad Hayes were tapped by the studio to re-write the film again. The film was also produced by New Line and Village Roadshow Pictures, along with Flynn Picture Company and Australian limited Village Roadshow.


title: San Andreas (film)

text: On October 14, 2013, Dwayne Johnson closed a deal to star in the film, playing the role of a helicopter pilot searching for his daughter after an earthquake. On February 4, 2014, Alexandra Daddario joined the cast. On March 12, 2014, Carla Gugino joined the cast, reuniting with Dwayne Johnson, with whom she starred in "Race to Witch Mountain" and "Faster". On March 14, 2014, "Game of Thrones" actor Art Parkinson joined the film's cast. On April 1, 2014, Archie Panjabi joined the earthquake film. On April 5, 2014, Todd Williams also joined the film, to play Marcus Crowlings, an old Army friend of Johnson's character. On April 15, 2014, Colton Haynes was added to the cast of the film. On April 29, Ioan Gruffudd joined the cast of the film. Gruffudd played Daniel Reddick, a wealthy real estate developer who is dating Johnson's character's estranged wife. On May 28, Will Yun Lee joined the cast to play Dr. Kim Park, the co-director of the Caltech Seismology Lab in the film. On June 11, Australian singer and actress Kylie Minogue joined the film to play Gruffudd's sister.


title: San Andreas (film)

text: On December 17, 2013, "Variety" reported that the film would be shot at Village Roadshow Studios in Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. The production was set to start in April 2014 in Queensland, with locations including Ipswich and Brisbane. On March 20, 2014, it was announced that "Gods of Egypt" had started production in Australia, and "San Andreas" was set to begin soon after. On April 16, 2014, Johnson tweeted photos from the training for the film.


title: San Andreas (film)

text: Filming began on April 22, 2014, in Australia and was also shot in the Los Angeles area, Bakersfield, and San Francisco. On May 12, shooting took place in the Lockyer Valley. On May 10–11, shooting was taking place in Los Angeles and then production went back to Australia to complete the rest of shooting. On May 17, second unit was filming scenes in Bakersfield where a helicopter was spotted, while Johnson was busy in Gold Coast. On June 22, the crew was spotted filming disaster scenes on Elizabeth Street in Brisbane.


title: San Andreas (film)

text: The film's second-unit started shooting on July 8, in San Francisco, while the first unit began shooting on July 21, wrapping up on July 27. On July 15–16, first unit was filming at Fisherman's Wharf, while a second unit was also filming on the Embarcadero on July 16. On July 21, the filming was taking place at AT&T Park, where the crew shot a scene during a San Francisco Giants game. On July 22, they filmed an earthquake with fake victims and fake garbage at Hyde and Lombard streets on Russian Hill. On July 23, crews were filming disaster scenes in The Armory. On July 26, they filmed some scenes near the Fairmont Hotel, with the last day of filming spent shooting on the California Street in the Financial District, wrapping up filming on July 27, 2014.


title: San Andreas (film)

text: Three teasers were revealed and two of them include Robot Koch & Delhia de France and Sia singing "California Dreamin'" by The Mamas and the Papas.


title: San Andreas (film)

text: The visual effects are provided by Hydraulx, Cinesite and Image Engine and Supervised by Greg and Colin Strause, Holger Voss and Martyn Culpitt with help from Scanline VFX and Method Studios.


title: San Andreas (film)

text: On December 5, 2013, Warner Bros. set the film for a June 5, 2015, release, in 2D and 3D. On October 21, 2014, Warner Bros. moved up the film's original release date from June 5, 2015, then to May 29, 2015. It was the company's first film to be released in Dolby Cinema.


title: San Andreas (film)

text: "San Andreas" was released on Digital HD and Blu-ray/DVD on October 13, 2015. Upon its first week of release on home media in the U.S., the film topped the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks overall disc sales, and debuted at number 2 at the Blu-ray Disc sales chart with 40% of unit sales coming from Blu-ray, a surprisingly low ratio given the film's over-the-top special effects. It was blocked by the Diamond Edition Blu-ray Disc edition of the 1992 Disney animated classic "Aladdin". As of 2016, it is available in 4K UHD Blu-ray.


title: San Andreas (film)

text: "San Andreas" grossed $155.2 million in North America and $318.8 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $474 million. It became the highest-grossing Warner Bros. film of 2015, and the fourteenth highest-grossing film worldwide overall. "Deadline Hollywood" calculated the net profit of the film to be $88.07 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film. Since its release, the film remains the biggest-grossing live-action Hollywood original film of the past six and a half years as of January 2022.


title: San Andreas (film)

text: "San Andreas" opened in North America across 3,777 theaters including a total of 3,200 3D locations. Several days prior to the film's release various box office pundits were predicting a $40 million or more opening in North America. It made $3.1 million from Thursday night showings and $18.2 million on its opening day. It earned $54.5 million in its opening weekend which was well above the tracking and predictions. It was Johnson's biggest opening as a lead actor, surpassing the $36 million debut of his "The Scorpion King" in 2002 even after adjusting for inflation. Warner Bros. distribution chief Dan Fellman commented about the successful opening, saying that audiences never get tired of disaster films, even going back to "The Poseidon Adventure" (1972). He added, "What also gets tiring is when you start to do sequels of the same thing. It needs to be fresh, and you have to have the right chemistry in the cast", pointing out the originality of the film, and the performances of Johnson and the other cast, as some of the factors behind the film's successful opening. In its second weekend, it experienced a drop of 52% earning an estimated $26.4 million, falling in second place (behind "Spy"), but experiencing a smaller fall than that of other disaster movies.


title: San Andreas (film)

text: Outside North America, the film opened in a total of 60 countries in the same weekend, including France, the United Kingdom, Mexico and Australia. It opened Wednesday, May 27 in 4 countries, added 38 countries on Thursday and 18 more countries on Friday, May 29 and through Sunday, May 31 earned a 5-day opening weekend total of $63.9 million from 15,420 screens in 60 countries debuting at first place in 55 of those countries as well as at the international box office. In its second weekend, it added $97.7 million. It topped the box office outside of North America for two consecutive weekends before being overtaken by "Jurassic World" in its third weekend.


title: San Andreas (film)

text: It had the biggest opening for a disaster movie and second-biggest for Warner Bros. in Mexico with $10.1 million from 3,100 screens. In China, it had a three-day opening weekend of $35 million and six-day opening total of $51.8 million from 8,795 screens, although Chinese box office analysts site Entgroup reported a $55 million opening. Despite health concerns over the MERS virus, which resulted in the plunge of theater admissions, the film opened to $7.2 million in South Korea (including Wednesday sneaks) and topped the box office. It had similar successful openings in the UK, Ireland and Malta ($7.2 million), Russia and the CIS ($5.3 million), Brazil ($3.2 million) France ($3.1 million), India ($2.5 million), Australia ($2.4 million), Hong Kong ($2.2 million) and Germany ($2 million). It became Warner Bros.' highest-grossing film of all time in Mexico, Chile, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela, and in China it is the fourth highest. As of June 28, 2015 in total earnings, its largest market outside of North America are China ($103.2 million) and Mexico ($28.4 million).


title: San Andreas (film)

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, the film has an approval rating of based on reviews and an average rating of . The website's critical consensus reads, ""San Andreas" has a great cast and outstanding special effects, but amidst all the senses-shattering destruction, the movie's characters and plot prove less than structurally sound." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 43 out of 100 based on 42 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.


title: San Andreas (film)

text: IGN awarded it a score of 7.5 out of 10, saying, "There are some cracks in the foundation, but "San Andreas" is solid popcorn fare thanks to sharp visuals and The Rock."


title: San Andreas (film)

text: Writing in "Variety", Andrew Barker wrote, "Of the many charges that can be levied against Brad Peyton's "San Andreas," false advertising is not one of them. The disaster pic promises nothing more than the complete CGI destruction of California as foregrounded by Dwayne Johnson's jackfruit-sized biceps, and it delivers exactly that". Andrew O'Hehir wrote in "Salon", "Considered as pure spectacle, "San Andreas" is gripping and effective, as well as a somewhat interesting form of counter-narrative: A vision of near-term apocalypse that has nothing to do with climate change, monsters or alien invaders". "Entertainment Weekly's" critic Chris Nashawaty wrote, "As patently preposterous, scientifically dubious, and unapologetically corny as director Brad Peyton's orgy of CGI devastation is, its popcorn prophecy of the inevitable is a blast of giddy, disposable fun". Mick LaSalle wrote in "The San Francisco Chronicle", "Some movies are easy to mock, but hard to resist. This is one of them".


title: San Andreas (film)

text: The American Geosciences Institute's "Earth Magazine" called the film "dreadful" and criticized it for "perpetuat[ing] geologic absurdities", also pointing out that "despite the notoriety of the San Andreas Fault, it is not the greatest seismic threat to the Bay Area", with the nearby Hayward Fault presenting a much bigger threat.


title: San Andreas (film)

text: In February 2016, New Line announced a sequel is in development and its plot will reportedly focus on the Ring of Fire. Neil Widener and Gavin James were hired as screenwriters, while Brad Peyton and Beau Flynn will return as director and producer, respectively. Johnson is set to reprise his role, while Gugino, Daddario and Giamatti are expected to return as well. Johnson and Peyton were announced to serve as producers. In July 2021, Daddario expressed her doubts that a sequel was happening.


title: San Andreas (film)

text: In November 2021, Johnson announced that they are still developing the sequel, while stating that scheduling conflicts are why the production has not started yet. He elaborated that his studio looks for projects that have what they internally call the "Moses Effect", explaining that this means that they take immediate precedence over the rest of the many projects on their film-slate; stating that he feels like the sequel falls into this category. In December 2021, Hiram Garcia confirmed that Warner Bros. Pictures wants a sequel, while Seven Bucks Productions delayed development in favor of other projects.


title: Opium Wars

text: The Opium Wars () were two conflicts waged between China and Western powers during the mid-19th century. The First Opium War was fought from 1839 to 1842 between China and the United Kingdom, and was initiated by the British government after the Chinese government's campaign to enforce its prohibition against opium trafficking by British merchants. The Second Opium War was waged by Britain and France against China from 1856 to 1860. In each war, the superior military advantages enjoyed by European forces led to several easy victories over the Chinese military, with the consequence that China was compelled to sign unequal treaties to grant favourable tariffs, trade concessions, reparations and territory to Western powers.


title: Opium Wars

text: The two conflicts, along with the various treaties imposed during the "century of humiliation", weakened the Chinese government's authority and forced China to open specified treaty ports (including Shanghai) to Western merchants. In addition, China ceded sovereignty over Hong Kong to the British Empire, which maintained control over the region until 1997. During this period, the Chinese economy also contracted slightly as a result of the wars, though the Taiping Rebellion and Dungan Revolt had a much larger economic effect.


title: Opium Wars

text: The First Opium War broke out in 1839 between China and Britain and was fought over trading rights (including the right of free trade) and Britain's diplomatic status among Chinese officials. In the eighteenth century, China enjoyed a trade surplus with Europe, trading porcelain, silk, and tea in exchange for silver. By the late 17th century, the British East India Company (EIC) expanded the cultivation of opium in the Bengal Presidency, selling it to private merchants who transported it to China and covertly sold it on to Chinese smugglers. By 1797, the EIC was selling 4,000 chests of opium (each weighing 77 kg) to private merchants "per annum".


title: Opium Wars

text: In earlier centuries, opium was utilised as a medicine with anesthetic qualities, but new Chinese practices of smoking opium recreationally increased demand tremendously and often led to smokers developing addictions. Successive Chinese emperors issued edicts making opium illegal in 1729, 1799, 1814, and 1831, but imports grew as smugglers and colluding officials in China sought profit. Some American merchants entered the trade by smuggling opium from Turkey into China, including Warren Delano Jr., the grandfather of twentieth-century President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Francis Blackwell Forbes; in American historiography this is sometimes referred to as the Old China Trade. By 1833, the Chinese opium trade soared to 30,000 chests. British and American merchants sent opium to warehouses in the free-trade port of Canton, and sold it to Chinese smugglers.


title: Opium Wars

text: In 1834, the EIC's monopoly on British trade with China ceased, and the opium trade burgeoned. Partly concerned with moral issues over the consumption of opium and partly with the outflow of silver, the Daoguang Emperor charged Governor General Lin Zexu with ending the trade. In 1839, Lin published in Canton an open letter to Queen Victoria requesting her cooperation in halting the opium trade. The letter never reached the Queen. It was later published in "The Times" as a direct appeal to the British public for their cooperation. An edict from the Daoguang Emperor followed on 18March, emphasising the serious penalties for opium smuggling that would now apply henceforth. Lin ordered the seizure of all opium in Canton, including that held by foreign governments and trading companies (called factories), and the companies prepared to hand over a token amount to placate him. Charles Elliot, Chief Superintendent of British Trade in China, arrived 3 days after the expiry of Lin's deadline, as Chinese troops enforced a shutdown and blockade of the factories. The standoff ended after Elliot paid for all the opium on credit from the British government (despite lacking official authority to make the purchase) and handed the 20,000 chests (1,300 metric tons) over to Lin, who had them destroyed at Humen.


title: Opium Wars

text: Elliott then wrote to London advising the use of military force to resolve the dispute with the Chinese government. A small skirmish occurred between British and Chinese warships in the Kowloon Estuary on 4 September 1839. After almost a year, the British government decided, in May 1840, to send a military expedition to impose reparations for the financial losses experienced by opium traders in Canton and to guarantee future security for the trade. On 21 June 1840 a British naval force arrived off Macao and moved to bombard the port of Dinghai. In the ensuing conflict, the Royal Navy used its superior ships and guns to inflict a series of decisive defeats on Chinese forces.


title: Opium Wars

text: The war was concluded by the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842, the first of the Unequal treaties between China and Western powers. The treaty ceded the Hong Kong Island and surrounding smaller islands to Britain, and established five cities as treaty ports open to Western traders: Shanghai, Canton, Ningpo, Foochow, and Amoy. The treaty also stipulated that China would pay a twenty-one million dollar payment to Britain as reparations for the destroyed opium, with six million to be paid immediately, and the rest through specified installments thereafter. Another treaty the following year gave most favoured nation status to Britain and added provisions for British extraterritoriality. France secured the same concessions in treaties of 1843 and 1844.


title: Opium Wars

text: In 1853, northern China was convulsed by the Taiping Rebellion, which established its capital at Nanking. In spite of this, a new Imperial Commissioner, Ye Mingchen, was appointed at Canton, determined to stamp out the opium trade, which was still technically illegal. In October 1856, he seized the "Arrow", a ship claiming British registration, and threw its crew into chains. Sir John Bowring, Governor of British Hong Kong, called up Rear Admiral Sir Michael Seymour's East Indies and China Station fleet, which, on 23 October, bombarded and captured the Pearl River forts on the approach to Canton and proceeded to bombard Canton itself, but had insufficient forces to take and hold the city. On 15 December, during a riot in Canton, European commercial properties were set on fire and Bowring appealed for military intervention. The execution of a French missionary inspired support from France.


title: Opium Wars

text: Britain and France now sought greater concessions from China, including the legalisation of the opium trade, expanding of the transportation of "coolies" to European colonies, opening all of China to British and French citizens and exempting foreign imports from internal transit duties. The war resulted in the 1858 Treaty of Tientsin, in which the Chinese government agreed to pay war reparations for the expenses of the recent conflict, open a second group of ten ports to European commerce, legalise the opium trade, and grant foreign traders and missionaries rights to travel within China. After a second phase of fighting which included the sack of the Old Summer Palace and the occupation of the Forbidden City palace complex in Beijing, the treaty was confirmed by the Convention of Peking in 1860.


title: Rohit Shetty

text: Rohit Shetty (born 14 March 1974) is an Indian film director, stuntman, producer and television host who works in Hindi cinema. He is one of the most recognised film director of Hindi Cinema. His movies are often mix genres of action, comedy and masala films.


title: Rohit Shetty

text: His breakthrough came with the first installment of comedy film franchise "Golmaal", "" (2006) starring Ajay Devgn and Arshad Warsi, which became sleeper hit. Further subsequent other successful films in franchise included "Golmaal Returns" (2008) and "Golmaal 3" (2010), which became one of the highest grossing film of the year.


title: Rohit Shetty

text: Shetty returned in action genre with "Singham" (2011) after eight years of his debut action thriller "Zameen". It also starred Ajay Devgn in lead, the film turned out one of the highest grosser of the year. Later on, it expanded in "Cop Universe" franchise with other successful films such as "Singham Returns" (2014), "Simmba" (2018), "Sooryavanshi" (2021). His other notable success includes "Bol Bachchan" (2012), "Chennai Express" (2013) starring Shah Rukh Khan, which became the highest grossing Hindi film surpassing 3 Idiots at that time and "Dilwale" (2015).


title: Rohit Shetty

text: Shetty was born to M. B. Shetty and Ratna, a Bollywood junior artist, who has acted in Hindi and Kannada films. He has four siblings.


title: Rohit Shetty

text: Shetty began his career at the age of 17 as an assistant director in Ajay Devgn's first film "Phool Aur Kaante". He then worked with Devgn in "Suhaag" (where he was a body double for Akshay Kumar who was its second main hero) and "Haqeeqat", and with Kumar in "Zulmi". He then joined the Devgn starrers "Pyaar To Hona Hi Tha", "Hindustan Ki Kasam" and "Raju Chacha".


title: Rohit Shetty

text: Shetty debuted as an independent director in 2003 with the Devgn starrer "Zameen", an average grosser, before he rose to fame in 2006 when he directed the of Devgn's cult comedy series "Golmaal" that became his first hit. His next two directorials—the comic thriller "Sunday" and the successful sequel of "Golmaal" named "Golmaal Returns" (both featuring Devgn)–were released theatrically in 2008 followed by "" in 2009.


title: Rohit Shetty

text: The third part of "Golmaal" series titled "Golmaal 3" (again starring Devgn) that opened theatrically in 2010 ended up as Shetty's first and an surprising blockbuster that entered 100 Crore Club domestically. Continuing his collaborations with Devgn, Shetty begun his Cop Universe in 2011 through his action film "Singham" (that saw Devgn portray a police inspector fighting against corruption) and directed the comedy "Bol Bachchan" (also featuring Abhishek Bachchan) in 2012; both films were super hits and crossed 100 Crore Club domestically.


title: Rohit Shetty

text: Shetty's "Chennai Express", starring Shah Rukh Khan and Deepika Padukone, was released on 9 August 2013. "Chennai Express" became the highest-grossing Bollywood film in the domestic market. The film earned over US$17.4 million to become the third-highest-grossing Bollywood film overseas. The film also set a number of box office records, for the highest opening-day gross, highest paid preview, highest single-day gross, biggest opening weekend, highest opening week and the fastest film to reach 100 crore and 2 billion in the domestic market.


title: Rohit Shetty

text: In 2014, Shetty directed "Singham Returns" with Ajay Devgn, a sequel to his 2011 film "Singham". He was also a part of the 5th season of television stunt game show "" in 2014 as the host taking over from the previous host Akshay Kumar. In 2014, he turned into a producer with Singham Returns, co-producing the film under his banner Rohit Shetty Productions. He directed Dilwale (2015 film) with Sharukh Khan and Kajol which is a box office success. He reprised his role as host in season 6 and 8–11 of "".


title: Rohit Shetty

text: Shetty directed "Golmaal Again", the fourth film of the Golmaal series. The film, starring Ajay Devgn and Parineeti Chopra as lead, was released in October 2017, and received mixed reviews. It became the highest grossing Hindi film in 2017, the first Hindi blockbuster of 2017, as well as the highest grossing Diwali release of all time. He directed the 2018 action comedy Simmba starring Ranveer Singh, Sara Ali Khan and Sonu Sood in lead roles, with Ajay Devgn in a guest appearance as Bajirao Singham.


title: Rohit Shetty

text: Shetty directed another feature in "Cop Universe", "Sooryavanshi" starring Akshay Kumar, Katrina Kaif and Jackie Shroff, which was released during Diwali in 2021. It was the first major release from Hindi Cinema after lockdown due to Covid-19, the film became highest grossing Hindi film of the year. Shetty will be making his OTT debut with "Indian Police Force" starring Sidharth Malhotra for Amazon Prime Video


title: Wynonna Judd

text: Wynonna Ellen Judd or simply Wynonna ( ; born Christina Claire Ciminella; May 30, 1964) is an American country music singer. She is one of the most widely recognized and awarded female country singers. In all, she has had 19 No. 1 singles, including those of The Judds, making her one of the best-selling country artists of all time. Her solo albums and singles are all credited to the single name Wynonna. She first rose to fame in the 1980s alongside her mother, Naomi, in the country music duo The Judds. They released seven albums on Curb Records in addition to 26 singles, of which fourteen were No. 1 hits.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: The Judds disbanded in 1991 and Wynonna began a solo career, also on Curb. In her solo career, she has released eight studio albums, a live album, a holiday album, and two compilation albums, in addition to more than 20 singles. Her first three singles were "She Is His Only Need", "I Saw the Light", and "No One Else on Earth". All three reached number one on the U.S. country singles charts consecutively, and "To Be Loved by You" also hit number one in 1996, her fourth number one and top ten hit. Three of her albums are certified platinum or higher by the RIAA. Her most recent recordings are "Wynonna & the Big Noise", released on February 12, 2016, along with the single "Cool Ya'" that same month. "Recollections" was released in 2020. Wynonna is most recognized for her musical work, although she has also pursued other interests starting in the 2000s, including writing, acting, and philanthropy.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: Wynonna was born Christina Claire Ciminella in Ashland, Kentucky, on May 30, 1964. Her mother (then known as Diana) had quickly married Michael Ciminella after being abandoned by Charles Jordan, her boyfriend and Judd's biological father. Jordan died in 2000.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: Her mother and Ciminella had a daughter together they named Ashley. The couple moved with the two girls to Los Angeles in 1968, but were divorced by 1972. By 1976, The mother took the girls with her back to Kentucky. Christina was inspired by the country music that her mother listened to and learned to play guitar. In 1979 the two moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue musical careers. There her mother legally changed her name from Diana to Naomi, and Christina adopted the stage name "Wynonna" after the song "(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66", which mentions the town of Winona, Arizona, in the lyrics.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: Wynonna and Naomi were signed to RCA Records in 1983 as the duo the Judds. Between 1983 and 1991, the Judds charted 23 hit singles on the "Billboard" Hot Country Singles (now Hot Country Songs) charts, including 14 number ones. They also recorded eight studio albums, one Christmas album, and two Greatest Hits compilations. In their six-year career, the Judds sold more than 20 million records worldwide and had won over 60 industry awards, including five Grammy Nominations, nine Country Music Association awards (seven of them consecutive), and eight "Billboard" Music Awards. At the time, they were the biggest-selling duo in country music and remained so until they were eclipsed by Brooks & Dunn in the 1990s.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: Chronic hepatitis C forced Naomi into retirement following a 1991 farewell tour. After the duo broke up, Wynonna signed to MCA Records in association with Curb Records as a solo artist.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: Wynonna reunited with her mother for a 1999 New Year's Eve concert to ring in the year 2000 sponsored by K-Mart. They embarked on a full-fledged tour together in 2000, and four new Judds songs were released on an exclusive bonus disc with Wynonna's album, "New Day Dawning".


title: Wynonna Judd

text: The Judds again reunited in 2010 for "The Last Encore", an 18-city tour. As a result of the tour excitement, Curb Records announced the release of a new album from the Judds, "I Will Stand by You: The Essential Collection," which featured two new songs and twelve of the duo's hits. The album was released on April 5, 2011.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: On January 27, 1992, Wynonna performed solo on television for the first time at the American Music Awards. She unveiled "She Is His Only Need", the first single from her self-titled solo debut album. This album, "Wynonna", was released in 1992 via MCA/Curb, under the production of Tony Brown. "She Is His Only Need" went to number one on the "Billboard" country singles charts that year, as did the album's next three singles, "I Saw the Light" and "My Strongest Weakness". "No One Else on Earth", was also the number one country song of 1992 according to Billboard Year-End. "She Is His Only Need" and "No One Else on Earth" were also minor Adult Contemporary hits, and the latter peaked at No. 83 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. "My Strongest Weakness", the album's final single, was a No. 4 country hit. The album shipped five million copies in the United States, earning a 5× Multi-Platinum certification from the RIAA.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: Her second album, "Tell Me Why", was released by MCA/Curb in 1993. Also a platinum-selling album, it accounted for five consecutive Top Ten hits on the country charts: the title track, "Only Love", "Is It Over Yet", "Rock Bottom", and "Girls with Guitars", which was written by Mary Chapin Carpenter. "Tell Me Why" was her third crossover hit, peaking at No. 77 on the pop charts and No. 24 on the Adult Contemporary charts. Between "Tell Me Why" and "Only Love", she sang guest vocals on Clint Black's 1993 single "A Bad Goodbye" (from the album "No Time to Kill"), which became her biggest pop hit at No. 43. The success of this song led to a tour called the Black & Wy tour, featuring Black and Wynonna as headliners.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: In 1994, she also made an appearance on the Lynyrd Skynyrd tribute album "Skynyrd Frynds", on which she covered their song "Free Bird". She also sang duet vocals on pop-Christian singer Michael English's debut single, "Healing", which peaked at No. 120 on the pop charts. After "Girls with Guitars" fell from the charts, Wynonna became the subject of negative publicity, as she had a child out of wedlock. She was absent from the country charts for all of 1995. In 1996, she married Arch Kelly, the father of her daughter and son.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: "Revelations" was the title of her third album, released by MCA/Curb in 1996. Also certified platinum, this album was led off by her fourth and final number one hit, the Mike Reid/Gary Burr co-written "To Be Loved by You". Despite this song's minor Adult Contemporary success, the album's other three singles did not fare as well:


title: Wynonna Judd

text: Wynonna's fourth and final album for MCA was titled "The Other Side". Unlike her previous country pop-oriented albums, this album focused on a more blues and rock sound. It was released in 1997 and produced four singles. The album did not sell as well as her first three, however, only earning a gold certification. Its singles were not as successful on the charts, either: although "When Love Starts Talkin'" and "Come Some Rainy Day" reached No. 13 and No. 14, respectively, "Always Will" fell short of Top 40 and "Love Like That" became the first single of her career not to chart at all. After the release of a greatest hits album called "Collection", Wynonna left MCA in favor of Mercury Records.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: In 1999, Wynonna decided to reunite with her mother for a tour beginning on New Year's Eve. A month later, Wynonna released her fifth solo album, "New Day Dawning". This album, the first of her career that Wynonna co-produced, included a four-song bonus disc entitled "Big Bang Boogie" composed of four new Judds songs.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: "What the World Needs Now Is Love", her sixth studio album, was released in August 2003, on Curb records. Lead-off single "What the World Needs" reached the Top 15 on the country charts, followed by the lesser singles "Heaven Help Me" and "Flies on the Butter (You Can't Go Home Again)", at No. 37 and No. 33 respectively. This latter song, originally recorded by Lari White on her album "Stepping Stone", featured backing vocals from Naomi, and was credited on the charts as "Wynonna with Naomi Judd" instead of the Judds. Judd had success on the Hot Dance Airplay charts with a cover of Foreigner's "I Want to Know What Love Is". Her rendition peaked at No. 12 on that chart in 2005. Also included on "What the World Needs Now Is Love" were two songs from soundtracks: a cover of the Elvis Presley hit "Burning Love", which Wynonna recorded for the animated movie "Lilo & Stitch", and "You Are", co-written by Judd, which was included in the movie "Someone Like You", a film starring half-sister Ashley Judd.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: Her second release for Asylum-Curb was a live CD/DVD package called "", released in 2005 which was concurrently released by with her best selling autobiography, Coming Home to Myself. The album included one new studio track, "Attitude". Written by Wynonna and John Rich of Big & Rich, this song was issued as a single, peaking at No. 40 on the country charts. That same year she released her first solo Christmas album called A Classic Christmas that included a Latin version of Ave Maria. She also sang an overdubbed duet with Elvis Presley on the 2008 RCA album "Christmas Duets".


title: Wynonna Judd

text: "", her first studio album in six years, was released on February 3, 2009, on Curb Records. This album is largely composed of cover songs, except for the title track, an original composition by Rodney Crowell. It also reunites her with producers Brent Maher and Don Potter, who produced all of the Judds' 1980s albums. This album's lead-off single is "I Hear You Knocking", a blues standard first recorded by Smiley Lewis. On May 9, 2009, a seven-song EP containing dance remixes of the title track was released.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: On September 14, 2010, the Judds appeared on "The Oprah Winfrey Show" where Wynonna discussed "her recent weight loss, her year of living dangerously and what it's like going back on stage as part of the iconic duo, the Judds". The Judds also performed their new single "I Will Stand By You", released October 4, 2010. "I Will Stand By You" was released as the title track to the Judd's 2011 Greatest Hits collection, I Will Stand by You: The Essential Collection.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: A new single, "Love It Out Loud" was released in May 2011. On November 27, 2011, Wynonna debuted her new band "Wynonna & the Big Noise" in Nashville, TN at 3rd and Lindsley. In March 2013 Wynonna released "Something You Can't Live Without", the first single off her forthcoming full-length album, produced by her husband/drummer Cactus Moser and set for release 2013 on Curb Records. This album—her first with all new material in over four years—was recorded in her own home studio and is deeply personal, especially noting the life-changing events the couple experienced in 2012.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: Judd released a new studio album, "Wynonna & the Big Noise", on February 12, 2016. The album produced Two singles 'Jesus And A Jukebox' and Things I Lean On'.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: On April 30, 2022, Naomi Judd died of suicide by gunshot. She had suffered for years from depression and mental illness. It was nineteen days after the final performance of The Judds at the 2022 CMT Music Awards and a day before The Judds would be inducted as a duo into the Country Music Hall of Fame.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: When The Judds were inducted into the Hall of Fame the following day, Wynonna and her sister Ashley paid tribute to their mother on stage. A memorial service for Naomi Judd was televised on May 15. Wynonna announced that she would honor the original tour dates she and her mother had planned for summer 2022 as a tribute to her.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: Judd provided the voice of the rock star Molly Cule in the cartoon "The Magic School Bus (Meets Molly Cule)" and "Blue's Clues" in 1999. During the fifth season of "Touched by an Angel", Judd guest starred as a singer whose son was dying of cystic fibrosis. In the year 2005 Judd was a guest star on the show "Hope & Faith" in the episode "Wife Swap: Part 1 and Part 2" where she played the mean and rich Cynthia. In October 2005, she sang "It's About Love" for the VeggieTales episode "Lord of the Beans". In 2006, Wynonna hosted the fourth season of USA Network's "Nashville Star". In 2007, Wynonna starred in a special television event on NBC honoring her 23-year career, titled "Wynonna: A Tribute on Ice". It featured skating champions such as Kimmie Meissner and Brian Boitano. Both Wynonna and Naomi performed on this special. She also appeared as herself on the NBC sitcom "Kath & Kim".


title: Wynonna Judd

text: In August 2009, she guest starred as herself on the 10th anniversary of "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire", with Regis Philbin for Backpack Ministries. In May 2010, she guest starred as herself on season 4, episode 6 on Lifetime's "Army Wives". In November 2020, Judd was a supporting character, Marilyn Jinway, in the Hallmark Television film "A Nashville Christmas Carol".


title: Wynonna Judd

text: On April 10, 2011, the Judds debuted on OWN: Oprah Winfrey Network. The six-episode, American reality-documentary television series followed the daily life of Wynonna and Naomi Judd as they prepared for and traveled on tour. The series also shed light on the duo as they worked to strengthen their bond.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: Wynonna was a contestant in 2013 on season 16 of "Dancing with the Stars". She was partnered with all-star season champion Tony Dovolani.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: In 2005, she received the USO's Merit Award for service to all divisions of the United States Armed Forces. She teamed with Habitat for Humanity to record "Heart of America", with Michael McDonald and Eric Benét, which helped raise over $90 million for victims of natural disasters to the Gulf Coast. She continues to bring attention to the global emergency of AIDS in her fourth year as United States Ambassador for YouthAIDS.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: On May 1, 2022, Wynonna and Naomi Judd were inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame as members of The Judds.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: On June 7, 2008, Wynonna sat down for a live Internet chat for her fans in which she was asked questions submitted during the session. Over 6,000 fans signed up in a 5-minute span causing the server to crash. A total of 18,000 fans eventually logged on to watch Wynonna's chat live via Stickam.com. In 2009, she also became the spokeswoman for Alli, the only FDA-approved over-the-counter weight loss product, which featured the artist in a national marketing campaign.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: Wynonna and businessman Arch Kelley III had a son together before marrying in 1995. They had a second child together but divorced in 1998.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: Wynonna married again, to D. R. Roach, her former bodyguard, on November 22, 2003, in Tennessee. On March 22, 2007, he was arrested for sexual assault of a child under the age of 13; she filed for divorce five days later.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: In November 2003, Wynonna taped an appearance on an episode of "The Oprah Winfrey Show" discussing what she described as a severe dependence on food. The episode aired in February 2004. Judd had been working with the show in an effort to lose weight and get to the root of her dependence. In September 2005, she made a second appearance on the show, discussing how she had lost some weight. She also focused on improving relationships with her mother and her father Michael Ciminella, from whom she had been estranged for almost a decade.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: Wynonna was a judge for the 6th annual Independent Music Awards, conducted to support independent artists' careers.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: On December 24, 2011, Judd became engaged to boyfriend Scott "Cactus" Moser, best known as the drummer for Highway 101. They married on June 10, 2012, at her home in Leiper's Fork, Tennessee.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: On August 18, 2012, Moser was severely injured in a motorcycle crash in South Dakota. He was on U.S. Route 16 in the Black Hills when he crossed the center line and hit a car. Injuries required his left leg to be amputated above the knee.


title: Wynonna Judd

text: In June 2018, Wynonna's daughter Grace was sentenced to 8 years in prison for violating her probation period. She had pleaded guilty to possession, manufacturing and distribution of methamphetamines.


title: 365 Days: This Day

text: 365 Days: This Day () is a 2022 erotic thriller film directed by Barbara Białowąs and Tomasz Mandes. Serving as a sequel to "365 Days", it is based on "This Day", the second novel of a trilogy by Blanka Lipińska and stars Anna-Maria Sieklucka, Michele Morrone, Rebecca Casiraghi and Magdalena Lamparska.


title: 365 Days: This Day

text: The film was released worldwide on Netflix on April 27, 2022, to similar widely negative critical reception as its predecessor. A sequel, "The Next 365 Days", was released on August 19, 2022.


title: 365 Days: This Day

text: The movie starts with Massimo and Laura getting married. Laura has lost her baby due to the accident that took place in the final scenes of the previous movie. They both are happy until Laura starts feeling bored as she has nothing to do while Massimo is busy with his work. Daily arguments force her mind to get devoted to Nacho, Massimo's gardener. One night at a party in Massimo's house, Laura finds Massimo having sex with his ex-girlfriend Anna. She is heartbroken and she leaves the party, where she encounters Nacho. They both flee to an island. Meanwhile, Massimo is confused about what happened and starts searching for Laura. Laura starts enjoying her life on the island and at the same time she fantasizes about having sex with Nacho.


title: 365 Days: This Day

text: One day, Nacho tells Laura to meet his father and tells her that his father is the head of the rival mafia gang of Massimo. Laura is shocked and feels betrayed, but still accompanies Nacho to his father's place. Laura is left with a few guards and Nacho goes to meet his father. Massimo is having an argument with Nacho's father and it is revealed that they have Laura with them. Suddenly, Nacho realizes that he left Laura with the wrong guards and Massimo and Nacho rush to save Laura. Meanwhile, Laura is kidnapped by Massimo's twin brother Adriano. It's revealed that the night Laura saw Massimo having sex with Anna it was Adriano. Massimo enters the place and tries to save Laura. Massimo and Adriano had always been rivals, and it was all part of Adriano's plan. Laura runs and she is shot by Anna and Adriano. The movie ends with Laura lying in the arms of Massimo.


title: 365 Days: This Day

text: Principal photography began in May 2021, in areas around Italy and Poland, with Anna-Maria Sieklucka and Magdalena Lamparska reprising their roles from the first film. Production was originally scheduled to begin in 2020, in Sicily and Poland, but was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In February 2021, Michele Morrone was also confirmed to be reprising his role.


title: 365 Days: This Day

text: "365 Days: This Day" was released on April 27, 2022, on Netflix, in Poland, the United States, and the United Kingdom.


title: 365 Days: This Day

text: Jonathan Wilson, of "Ready Steady Cut", gave the film a negative review, saying how the film, alongside other erotic films, had "deeply unhealthy depictions of sex and relationships that glamorize and justify various forms of controlling abuse and domination", and there was only 15 minutes of plot in the film, if the sex montages, which comprised 80% of the film, were taken out. Jessica Kiang, of "Variety", said the film "is piping hot trash". Kate Erbland, of "IndieWire", also gave a negative review, saying "most audiences who tune into "365 Days: This Day" are likely not seeking out female empowerment tales or coherent plots, but the disdain with which the film treats both its viewers and its star can't help but grate." Oli Welsh, of "Polygon", said "as difficult as it might be to believe, it's even worse than the first movie. But it goes down easier, because much of the first film's ugly side has been smoothed away." Shaun Munro, of "Flickering Myth", gave the film a 1 out of 5, saying "this blandly horny sequel tries in vain to distance itself from its predecessor's icky foundations, and while its sub-telenovela plot is outrageous enough to be perversely entertaining, by any standard metric it's truly terrible stuff."


title: 365 Days: This Day

text: Plans for a sequel, titled "The Next 365 Days", were delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In May 2021, it was reported that Netflix had started filming "The Next 365 Days" concurrently with "This Day". Morrone, Sieklucka, and Lamparska were all confirmed to return. The film was released on August 19, 2022.


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: The second season of the fantasy drama television series "Game of Thrones" premiered in the United States on HBO on April 1, 2012, and concluded on June 3, 2012. It consists of 10 episodes, each running approximately 50–60 minutes. The season mostly covers the events of "A Clash of Kings", the second novel of the "A Song of Ice and Fire" series by George R. R. Martin, adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss. HBO ordered the second season on April 19, 2011, which began filming in July 2011, primarily in Ireland, Northern Ireland, Croatia and Iceland.


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: The story takes place in a fantasy world, primarily on a fictional continent called Westeros, with one storyline occurring on another continent to the east, Essos. Like the novel, the season follows the aftermath of Eddard "Ned" Stark's dramatic death, and the political turmoil that comes with it. The season mainly centers around the War of the Five Kings, fought among the leaders of Westerosi factions who are either staking a claim to the Iron Throne, or seeking independence from it. Cersei Lannister, the widow of the late King Robert Baratheon, stays in the capital as queen regent, while her son Joffrey rules as King of the Seven Kingdoms. Cersei's twin brother, Jaime, is Robb Stark's prisoner, and her other brother, the dwarf Tyrion, serves as Acting Hand of the King to Joffrey, until the siblings' father, Tywin Lannister, returns to help defend the capital. In the North, Jon Snow and the Night's Watch stay with a reluctant ally during an expedition beyond the Wall. Meanwhile, in Essos, with three newborn dragons by her side, Daenerys Targaryen attempts to find allies and resources to help her fulfill her perceived destiny to win the Iron Throne.


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: "Game of Thrones" features a large ensemble cast, including Peter Dinklage, Lena Headey, Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, Michelle Fairley and Emilia Clarke. The season introduced a number of new cast members, including Stephen Dillane, Natalie Dormer, Carice van Houten and Liam Cunningham.


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: Critics praised the show's production values, cast, and music. Viewership rose compared with the previous season. The second season won six of the twelve Emmy Awards for which it was nominated. It received a nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series (Peter Dinklage) and Outstanding Drama Series. U.S. viewership rose by approximately 8% over the course of the season, from 3.9 million to 4.2 million by the season finale.


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: The recurring actors listed here are those who appeared in season 2. They are listed by the region in which they first appear:


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: HBO ordered a second season of "Game of Thrones" on April 19, 2011, two days after the series premiere. The second season obtained a 15% increase in budget in order to be able to stage the war's most important battle, the Battle of the Blackwater, in episode nine.


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: Filming took place during 106 shooting days. During three-quarters of those, two crews ("Dragon" and "Wolf") were working simultaneously in different locations.


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: David Benioff and D. B. Weiss serve as main writers and showrunners for the second season. They co-wrote six out of ten episodes. The remaining four episodes were written by story editor Bryan Cogman, "A Song of Ice and Fire" author George R. R. Martin, and new series writer and co-executive producer Vanessa Taylor, who wrote two episodes.


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: Alan Taylor was promoted to co-executive producer and directed four episodes, including the season premiere and finale. David Petrarca and David Nutter each directed two episodes, while series cinematographer Alik Sakharov and filmmaker Neil Marshall directed the remaining two.


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: The casting for the second season began in May 2011. Although a large portion of the first-season cast were returning, the producers were still faced with a huge number of new characters to be cast. The producers decided that several characters from "A Clash of Kings", including the Freys and Crannogmen Reeds at Winterfell, Frey bannermen of the Starks, the Tullys, Stannis' wife and daughter, Theon's uncle Aeron Greyjoy and the bastard Ramsay Snow would not be cast despite appearing in the novel. Showrunners David Benioff and D. B. Weiss commented on this saying that certain character introductions taking place in "A Clash of Kings" would be delayed until the third season. This was done due to the large number of characters already introduced in season two, and because they couldn't afford to have people "waiting around" for their characters to become central to the plot. Having to fill so many speaking roles, the showrunners not only "postponed" the introduction of several key characters, but they also merged some into one, or certain plot-functions were given to different characters. Many physical traits were also altered, such as the ethnicity or age of characters. The cast was estimated to be the largest on television. Scattered around two fictional continents characters include, by order of importance:


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: Emerging as the fourth claimant to the throne is the estranged brother of the late king Robert, Stannis Baratheon (Stephen Dillane). The foreign priestess Melisandre, portrayed by Carice van Houten poses as an influential, yet manipulative advisor to Stannis. Van Houten was previously asked (but unable) to audition for the role of Cersei in season one. While her character retains her signature red robes and hair, unlike in the novels Melisandre is not portrayed as having red eyes, making her appear somewhat more human. Liam Cunningham stars as Ser Davos Seaworth, the "Onion Knight", a bannerman of Stannis and a former smuggler. Cunningham had already been in talks for a role in the first season. As he is left-handed, his Davos has the fingers of the right hand shortened, unlike in the novels where his left hand is crippled. In an interview, Cunningham said that a lot of new dialogue had to be written for his character, because in the novels Davos, a point-of-view character, is portrayed more through his thoughts than through his actions. These three characters headed a new storyline set on a different location, that by the end of the season merged with the main plot.


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: Theon Greyjoy (Alfie Allen), a main cast member from the first season, but with lesser importance than the others, came to prominence during the second season, as his story unfolded and his character became more central. Gemma Whelan appeared as his sister, Yara Greyjoy. Named "Asha" in the novels, the character's name was changed to avoid confusion with the Wildling Osha, Bran Stark's companion. "Asha" is portrayed as a fairly provocative and independent woman, a captain of thirty ships, as opposed to her television counterpart Yara, who did not retain "Asha's" traits, although her rivalry with Theon remained intact. Their father Balon Greyjoy was played by Patrick Malahide. Many of the characters involved in the Greyjoys' storyline weren't introduced, most notably Balon's brother Aeron Greyjoy. Nonetheless, the storyline received enormous praise, with the alteration of Yara's name and persona being the only criticism.


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: Tom Wlaschiha is cast as Jaqen H'ghar, a mysterious prisoner who develops a murderous relationship with young Arya Stark (Maisie Williams). Wlaschiha's pronunciation of his character's name, "Jack-in", was adopted for use in the show. Natalie Dormer, best known for her portrayal as seductive Anne Boleyn in Showtime's "The Tudors", was cast in a similar role as Margaery Tyrell, a noblewoman and the wife of the third claimant to the throne, Renly Baratheon. Gwendoline Christie played, to much praise, Brienne of Tarth, a female warrior who joins Renly Baratheon's guard, but later becomes a follower of Catelyn Stark. To prepare for the role, Christie took up an intense training regimen, adding over a stone (6.4 kg) of muscle mass. So that she could be mistaken for a man, her armor was decorated with lines that slant away from her hips. On the other side of the fictional world, two female roles with rising prominence were added to the cast: "Skins" star Hannah Murray filled the role of Craster's daughter Gilly, a love interest to Samwell Tarly; while the second role, the one of Ygritte, Jon Snow's love interest among the Wildlings, was played by Rose Leslie.


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: Daenerys Targaryen's (Emilia Clarke) stay at Qarth, opened the way for several recurring characters. Nonso Anozie played Daenerys's host at Qarth, Xaro Xhoan Daxos. The character differed a lot from his novel counterpart. Xaro's homosexuality, femininity and caucasian origin were overshadowed by dark skinned Anozie's masculinity and heterosexuality. Acting as one of her suitors is the treacherous warlock Pyat Pree portrayed by Ian Hanmore. Her third and final suitor was the masked priestess Quaithe (Laura Pradelska). Specially created for the television series was the so-called "Spice King", a rich merchant from Qarth, played by Nicholas Blane. Also an original creation of the show is the character of Talisa (Oona Chaplin), a healer from Volantis and a romantic interest for Robb. She fills the role of another female interest of Robb's, called Jeyne Westerling, who has no similarities with Talisa whatsoever. In addition to Talisa, Michael McElhatton joins the cast in the role of Roose Bolton, an important character in Robb Stark's storyline. Lastly, Simon Armstrong plays the legendary Night's Watch ranger Qhorin Halfhand.


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: Others were also added to the cast, either in a small recurring role or with reduced prominence. The most notable example is Tony Way's Ser Dontos Hollard, a drunkard knight, who had a pivotal role in Sansa Stark's storyline that ran in the course of two novels, while in the series the role was reduced to a small scene in the opening episode. Others include: Ben Crompton as "Dolorous Edd" Tollet, a man of the Night's Watch. Robert Pugh as the Wildling Craster, father and husband to Gilly. Kerr Logan as Davos Seaworth's pious son Matthos.


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: Karl Davies as Ser Alton Lannister, a character created for the series who replaces Cleos Frey as envoy from the Starks to the Lannisters. Daniel Portman took the role of Podrick Payne, the squire to Tyrion Lannister. The 19-year-old Portman plays Podrick as about 16 years old, instead of about 12 as in the novels. To be able to portray Podrick as awkward, shy and weak, Portman, previously a sportsman, stopped his fitness regimen and gained some weight to appear more endearing. Lucian Msamati played Salladhor Saan, a Lysene pirate and friend of Davos Seaworth. Finally, Edward Dogliani appeared briefly as the "Lord of Bones" (or "Rattleshirt" in the novels), a Wildling leader and Oliver Ford Davies as Stannis's maester Cressen.


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: All of the recurring characters from the first season returned, with one notable exception: Conan Stevens, whose role of Gregor Clegane was recast with Ian Whyte, did not return. Roy Dotrice, a friend of George R. R. Martin, known for reading the audio versions of the novels and having previously rejected a role due to health reasons, appears this season as Pyromancer Hallyne, an elderly alchemist at King's Landing.


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: For the second season, the city of Dubrovnik, Croatia, was used instead of Malta for scenes in King's Landing and Daenerys' scenes in Qarth. For example, the Minčeta Tower in Dubrovnik was used as the House of the Undying. Scenes set north of the Wall were filmed in Iceland in November 2011. The main locations are the Vatnajökull glacier, the Svínafellsjökull glacier near Skaftafell, and the Mýrdalsjökull glacier near Vik used as the location for the Fist of the First Men with Höfðabrekka as the Frostfang Mountains. New shooting locations in Northern Ireland include The Linen Mill Film & Television Studios in Banbridge, Ballintoy Harbour and Downhill Strand. As the story in the second season required that the Winterfell set be expanded, a new set for Winterfell was built at the Moneyglass Estate near Toome village.


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: The music for the second season was again composed by Ramin Djawadi. It contains a rendition of a song often mentioned or sung in the novels, "The Rains of Castamere", by the indie rock band "The National".


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: HBO released numerous teaser trailers for the second season, beginning on December 11, 2011. The second trailer, published on January 29, 2012, was viewed 3.5 million times in the first three days after publication, a record for HBO promotional content. Other trailers were released on February 24, March 3 (set to Florence and the Machine's "Seven Devils") as well as subsequently.


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: HBO also published other promotional material, such as cast photographs and teaser posters, prior to the airing of the first episode. The second issue of "Entertainment Weekly" in March 2012 had four alternative covers dedicated to in-costume photographs of Peter Dinklage (Tyrion), Emilia Clarke (Daenerys), Kit Harington (Jon Snow) or Nikolaj Coster-Waldau and Lena Headey (Jaime and Cersei Lannister).


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: Thanks to the critical and commercial success of the first season, as well as HBO's marketing efforts, the second season received intensive media coverage well before it started airing. "Sunday is Coming", a two-minute short film for "Funny or Die", satirized viewers' excitement about the return of "Game of Thrones". Several media outlets reviewed the season's first four episodes before they were broadcast, and rendered almost uniformly positive verdicts.


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: Several media outlets reviewed the season's first four episodes before they were broadcast, and rendered almost uniformly positive verdicts. The season holds a Metacritic score of 90 out of 100 based on 26 critics, indicating "universal acclaim". On Rotten Tomatoes, the second season has a 96% approval rating from 37 critics with an average rating of 8.89 out of 10. The site's critical consensus reads, ""Game of Thrones" follows up a strong debut with an even better second season, combining elegant storytelling and vivid characters to create a rich fantasy world."


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: Brian Lowry of "Variety" gave the season a positive review and stated, "Thrones creates such a rich visual feast - replete with plenty of gratuitous nudity and blood-letting - as to almost obscure its fundamental storytelling pleasures, which are as much a mob drama as anything else, having traded bullets for broadswords." Nancy deWolf Smith of "The Wall Street Journal" said that "each week the story unfolds like a tapestry, its intricate stitches slowly creating not just a scene but a whole world." "Slant Magazine" gave the season 3 out of 4 and stated, ""[Game Of Thrones] Season Two" must be admired for its gripping presentation of splintered families and unwavering ruthlessness." Emily Nussbaum of "The New Yorker" gave the season a positive review and stated, ""Game of Thrones" is the latest entry in television's most esteemed category: the sophisticated cable drama about a patriarchal subculture." Matt Zoller Seitz of "Vulture" positively spoke about the season that "what's onscreen is so consistently remarkable, and so much smarter than it needed to be in order to satisfy viewers who are mainly looking for sex, violence, and intrigue, that the show's presence feels like a kind of miracle."


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: David Wiegand of the "San Francisco Chronicle" its "compelling, murderous and sexy characters". The "New York Post" stated, "Even though I get so confused my head feels like it's going to explode, "Game of Thrones" is brainy, good fun." "Newsday" gave it a score of 'A+' and said that it was "TV's best (but do your homework before diving in)." Ken Tucker of "Entertainment Weekly" gave it a score of 'A−', who praised its storytelling to be "so vivid, so vital, and just plain fun." Maureen Ryan of "HuffPost" gave the season a positive review and stated, "It's gratifying to be able to say that the first four hours of Season 2 of "Game of Thrones" are far more elegant and engaging." Andy Greenwald of "Grantland" praised its ambition and scope, while James Poniewozik of "Time" found the premiere episode to be "hustling off steadily and confidently." Peter Dinklage's portrayal of Tyrion Lannister was acclaimed by William Thomas of "Empire", who gave it a score of 5 out of 5.


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: The only major publication to give the season a negative review was Neil Genzlinger of "The New York Times", who stated, "You have to have a fair amount of free time on your hands to stick with "Game of Thrones", and a fairly low reward threshold."


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: The second season was nominated for 12 Primetime Emmy Awards, which included Outstanding Drama Series and Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for Peter Dinklage. It won six awards, for, Outstanding Costumes for a Series, Outstanding Art Direction for a Single-Camera Series, Outstanding Makeup for a Single-Camera Series (Non-Prosthetic), Outstanding Sound Editing for a Series, Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Comedy or Drama Series (One-Hour), and Outstanding Special Visual Effects.


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: The second season of "Game of Thrones" was broadcast on HBO in the United States from April 1, 2012 to June 3, 2012.


title: Game of Thrones (season 2)

text: DVD/Blu-ray box sets and digital downloads of the second season were released in North America on February 19, 2013. The DVD set contains a 30-minute feature covering the production of the episode "Blackwater", actor interviews, character profiles, twelve audio commentaries by cast and crew, and a discussion about Westerosi religions by the showrunners and George R. R. Martin. The Blu-ray set additionally contains a feature about the "War of the Five Kings" that breaks out in season two, as well as 19 animated histories of the mythology of Westeros and Essos.


title: Stacy Keibler

text: Stacy Ann-Marie Keibler (born October 14, 1979) is an American retired professional wrestler and actress, former cheerleader, dancer, and model. She is specifically known for her work with World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).


title: Stacy Keibler

text: Keibler began her professional wrestling career as a part of the Nitro Girls in WCW. She quickly moved on to a more prominent role in the company as the manager Miss Hancock. As Miss Hancock, Keibler was known for doing table dances, her relationship with David Flair, and a pregnancy angle. After WCW was purchased by the WWF (later WWE) in 2001, Keibler moved to the new company, using her real name and taking part in the Invasion storyline, also managing the Dudley Boyz. Keibler also managed Test and Scott Steiner. Before her departure from WWE in 2006, she was affiliated with The Hurricane and Rosey and nicknamed "Super Stacy."


title: Stacy Keibler

text: Keibler was a contestant on "Dancing with the Stars": season two, where she placed third. She has also appeared on other ABC series such as "What About Brian", "George Lopez", and "October Road", as well as the 100th episode of the CBS sitcom "How I Met Your Mother" as a bartender and on the USA Network show "Psych". Keibler has also modeled, appearing in both "Maxim" and "Stuff" magazines.


title: Stacy Keibler

text: Keibler is considered to be a sex symbol and is known for her unusually long legs. She has been known as both "The Legs of WCW" and "The Legs of WWE". During Keibler's time on "Dancing with the Stars", judge Bruno Tonioli nicknamed her "The Weapon of Mass Seduction."


title: Stacy Keibler

text: Stacy Ann-Marie Keibler was born on October 14, 1979, in Rosedale, Maryland, the daughter of Patricia and Gary Keibler. Beginning at the age of three, Keibler took ballet, jazz, and tap dancing classes at Jean Kettell Studio of Dance in Dundalk, Maryland. She went to St. Clement Mary Hofbauer School in Rosedale for her early schooling.


title: Stacy Keibler

text: In 1990, Stacy won the title of Miss Maryland Pre-Teen, after competing for the title in Timonium, and went on to win the National Miss Pre-Teen Crown.


title: Stacy Keibler

text: After attending The Catholic High School of Baltimore, an all-girls school, Keibler attended Towson University, where she studied mass communication. She attended the university on a partial scholarship and had a 3.7 grade point average (GPA). Keibler had minor parts in movies such as "Pecker" and "Liberty Heights", as well as small modeling jobs. Keibler became a cheerleader for the Baltimore Ravens football team when she was 18.


title: Stacy Keibler

text: Keibler began watching wrestling with her boyfriend at the time, Kris Cumberland. She can be seen in the crowd on an episode of "Nitro" in 1997 and the "Starrcade" 1998 pay-per-view before the television title match, dancing in an NWO Wolfpac T-shirt. In September 1999, Keibler entered a nationwide contest held by World Championship Wrestling to find a new member of the Nitro Girls dance troupe, which was organized in an attempt to boost the show's declining ratings. A total of 300 women participated in the contest; the results were decided by a series of polls on WCW's website, which narrowed down the field to eight finalists. Keibler was declared the winner of the contest on the November 8, 1999 edition of "Nitro" after receiving the most online votes out of the eight finalists and was given a spot on the dance troupe along with a $10,000 prize. Her winning routine was watched by 4.4 million viewers. Keibler performed dance routines every week on WCW's flagship show "Monday Nitro" under the name Skye. By 2000, Keibler was appearing on WCW as a Nitro Girl, attending school full-time, and cheering for the Baltimore Ravens.


title: Stacy Keibler

text: She soon accepted a larger role and became a heel valet using the stage name Miss Hancock (some weeks spelled "Handcock"), briefly serving as an associate for the tag team of Lenny Lane and Lodi dubbed Standards and Practices. Despite wearing business suits, her character was known to climb on top of the announcers' table and dance sensually. It was also during this period that she began using what would become her trademark ring entrance: slowly putting her forty-two inch legs through the second tier of ropes, pausing to let the crowd momentarily see her panties underneath her incredibly short skirts. At 5 feet 11 inches, Keibler was one of few women in professional wrestling tall enough to step over the middle of the three ropes that surround the ring.


title: Stacy Keibler

text: During 2000, she dated David Flair (both on-screen and off-screen), who was already involved in an on-screen relationship with Daffney. Ms. Hancock set her eyes on Flair and ended up stealing him away from Daffney and continued to torment the woman whose boyfriend she stole, and the two would feud throughout the Summer of 2000. This led to Keibler's in-ring debut at the Bash at the Beach in a Wedding Gown match, which she lost after she removed her own gown. Hancock next briefly feuded with Kimberly Page, but the storyline ended abruptly when Page quit the company. Keibler and Flair then began a feud with the Misfits in Action stable, including a mud wrestling singles match against Major Gunns at New Blood Rising. During the match, she was kicked in the stomach, and she revealed herself to be pregnant the next night, beginning a new angle for herself and Flair. Two proposed endings to the storyline were for either Ric Flair or Vince Russo to be the father of her child. The angle, however, ended prematurely, as she revealed the pregnancy to be false, broke up with David Flair, and was taken off of television.


title: Stacy Keibler

text: When Stacy returned in 2001, she dropped the name Ms. Hancock and went by her real name. On the March 12, 2001 edition of "Nitro", Keibler revealed Shawn Stasiak as her "baby" and continued her role as a heel manager, siding with Stasiak. Shawn and Stacy would feud with Bam Bam Bigelow, with the evil Stacy using underhanded tactics to help Stasiak win 2 matches from a series of 3, including on the final edition of "Nitro" two weeks later on March 26.


title: Stacy Keibler

text: When WCW was purchased by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in 2001, Keibler's contract was bought by the WWF. Stacy made her WWF television debut on the June 14, 2001 episode of "SmackDown!" when then-face, Shane McMahon brought her to the ring to distract then-heel, Rhyno, causing him to lose a match. Not long after this she turned into a heel character as part of The Alliance. Stacy showed herself to be an evil mean girl that had a sadistic side, as she loved watching other people's pain and misfortune, and regularly enjoyed mocking them by pointing and laughing. She originally teamed up with real-life friend, then-heel, Torrie Wilson, and the pair feuded with Trish Stratus and Lita. During this feud the four wrestlers competed in the first-ever tag team Bra and Panties Match at the Invasion pay-per-view, which Trish and Lita won by stripping Stacy and Wilson down to their bra & panties. After this she and Torrie moved on to targeting Jacqueline and were shown backstage enjoying watching Jacqueline cry over the elimination of Shadrick McGee from Tough Enough. Stacy and Torrie then defeated Jacqueline in a handicap match on "Raw" with help from Ivory. On the Heat before SummerSlam, Stacy along with Torrie and Ivory, brutally attacked Lita backstage by injuring her knee, with the intent of preventing her from competing against them later that night. Stacy also had a brief reunion with Shawn Stasiak, and a short alliance with Tazz, as they battled the likes of Spike Dudley and Tajiri. Stacy found it amusing how short these men were and told Torrie that their height made them lesser men. Torrie had begun dating Tajiri at this time and this caused the evil Stacy to begin an on-screen rivalry with her former friend. The feud started with a couple of mixed tag matches involving the women and included Stacy sneak attacking Torrie backstage on an episode of Raw.


title: Stacy Keibler

text: As the WCW/ECW Invasion was nearing its end, Keibler became the manager of the heel Dudley Boyz. She made her first appearance in this role on the October 1, 2001 episode of Raw, and was nicknamed the "Duchess of Dudleyville". During this time, Stacy continued to show her sadistic side as she took great pleasure in watching the likes of Torrie Wilson and Spike Dudley get driven violently through tables, and particularly enjoyed being the one to personally give the order to the Dudley Boyz to put Torrie through a table. Stacy couldn't hide her joy at seeing Torrie suffering at her feet and laughed at the sight. A few days later on Smackdown, Stacy watched with glee as the Dudley Boyz threw Spike to the outside of the ring and through a table, as commentator Michael Cole acknowledged how wicked Stacy was and called her “evil”. Torrie would return a couple of weeks later to get her revenge and gave Keibler a wedgie then pantsed her on an episode of "SmackDown!". She then defeated Keibler in the first-ever lingerie match, a match wrestled in lingerie, at No Mercy. Keibler made her WrestleMania debut at WrestleMania X8 alongside The Dudleyz. Keibler's role with the Dudley Boyz came to an abrupt end when she was powerbombed through a table after accidentally costing the team a match. She then set her sights on the WWE Women's Championship at Judgment Day, facing Trish Stratus in a losing effort. She faced Stratus several more times in the succeeding weeks, but she never won a match against her.


title: Stacy Keibler

text: Keibler was originally drafted to the SmackDown! brand in 2002, where she immediately set her eyes on the man in charge, the heel WWE chairman, Vince McMahon. McMahon was ready to hire another attractive woman until Keibler interrupted and performed a seductive table dance in the ring to successfully become McMahon's personal assistant, as well as his on-screen mistress. She was frequently shown flirting and 'making out' with him in backstage segments. During her time alongside the boss she lied that the young rookie Randy Orton had forced himself on her, which caused Orton to be punished with a match against the mean veteran Hardcore Holly. A few weeks later she sat at ringside and enjoyed watching the rookie Orton get beaten up some more, this time by Test. She also had a personal ringside view when Triple H was ambushed in a 6 on 1 beatdown by some of McMahon's henchmen. The sadistic Stacy looked on and grinned with pleasure as Triple H was beaten and bloodied in the assault. She also continued her rivalry with Torrie Wilson during this time period, and even tried to throw Torrie off the stage on an episode of "SmackDown!", but a referee saved Torrie just in time and stopped Stacy's evil plan from being a success. Her time with McMahon came to an end when Stephanie McMahon became general manager of the SmackDown! brand. Dawn Marie made her debut on "SmackDown!" as McMahon's legal assistant, who competed with Keibler for McMahon's affections.


title: Stacy Keibler

text: A key storyline for Keibler's on-screen character occurred when she left "SmackDown!" for "Raw". Keibler made her official "Raw" debut on August 12, 2002, and immediately began feuding with the women there. She was given the role of being a special referee on a couple of occasions and used them as opportunities to abuse her power. Stacy liked counting quickly when her fellow bad girls were making pin attempts and counted slowly for the fan favorites. In another role as a special referee, Stacy was put in charge of a match between Test and D'Lo Brown. At the start of the match Stacy slapped D’Lo in the face and hindered his attempts to win the match with slow counts. After D'Lo argued with Stacy about her actions, he was smashed in the face by a big boot from Test, which Stacy thoroughly enjoyed watching. She then made a quick 3 count to help the villain Test win the match. This would begin the on screen pairing between her and Test which would last for the remainder of 2002 and most of 2003. She enjoyed watching him rip apart fan favourites, such as the superhero Hurricane and would also use her deviousness to help him win matches, such as when she delivered a low blow to Goldust.


title: Stacy Keibler

text: As Test's on-screen marketing agent, she came up with the idea that Test should call his fans "Testicles," cut his hair, and reshape his image. This caused the gimmick to become popular with the audience and the couple switched from being villains into fan favorites in November 2002. This would be Stacy's first time as a babyface in WWE. In the spring of 2003, Test, however, became to verbally abuse Keibler, who also started managing Scott Steiner. After months of build-up, Keibler finally left Test for Steiner on the June 2 edition of "Raw". Steiner defeated Test for Keibler's services at Bad Blood, and Keibler seemed happy as Steiner's new manager, as the two alluded to having more than a professional relationship. Test, however, continued to harass Keibler and Steiner until Steiner accepted a rematch with Stacy's services on the line. On the August 18 episode of "Raw", Test won the match after faking a leg injury and then blindsiding Steiner with a big boot. A match was then set for Unforgiven with the stipulation that if Test won, he would not only retain Keibler's services, but would acquire Steiner's services as well. During the match, Keibler's interference backfired, and Test won the match. Steiner then turned heel by attacking Keibler after her interference in his match on the September 29 episode of "Raw" backfired. For a time, Test and Steiner worked as a tag team, sharing the services of Keibler as their on-screen sex slave. The storyline finally ended on the December 1 episode of "Raw", when general manager Mick Foley freed Keibler from her obligatory contracts with Test and Steiner by temporarily firing them.


title: Stacy Keibler

text: Keibler was chosen to record a track on the album "WWE Originals". She and WWE music producer Jim Johnston recorded the song "Why Can't We Just Dance?" for the album. She was then placed in a feud involving Torrie Wilson and then-babyface, Sable, both of whom had recently posed for a "Playboy" cover. Keibler aligned with Miss Jackie, neither of whom had posed for the magazine, claiming that they deserved to be in "Playboy" over Sable and Wilson. Keibler and Jackie challenged Sable and Wilson to a Tag Team Evening Gown match at WrestleMania XX, which they lost when Jackie was pinned by Wilson, and the feud was dropped afterward. Before the feud was dropped, all the performers were playing face characters at the time.


title: Stacy Keibler

text: She took over the 2004 Raw Diva Search for a few weeks, which led to several tag matches against the heel gimmicks of Gail Kim, Trish Stratus, and Molly Holly and with partners Nidia and the face gimmick of Victoria. Keibler got upset victories over Kim, Stratus, and Holly. She earned a Women's Championship title match on October 11, 2004, but she was defeated by Stratus, who retained the title. Keibler also competed in the first-ever Fulfill your Fantasy Diva Battle Royal for the WWE Women's Championship at Taboo Tuesday along with Victoria, Nidia, Gail Kim, Molly Holly, Jazz, and then-champion Stratus. She was eliminated second to last after jumping over the top rope to avoid hitting the turnbuckle, followed by Holly knocking her off the apron to eliminate her.


title: Stacy Keibler

text: In February 2005, Keibler began appearing in backstage segments with then-babyface, Randy Orton, and eventually became his on-screen girlfriend. When Orton challenged The Undertaker to a match at WrestleMania 21, Orton ended the relationship by hitting Stacy with an RKO, incapacitating her. He justified it by claiming he was demonstrating how ruthless he could be in order to defeat The Undertaker.


title: Stacy Keibler

text: Keibler then joined forces with The Hurricane and Rosey. She became one-third of the trio as a superhero sidekick nicknamed Super Stacy, complete with her own superhero costume. She was ringside during several matches as they defended their World Tag Team Championship. During this time, Keibler feuded on-screen with then-heel, Victoria, including confrontations and a mixed-tag-team match on "Raw" and a singles match on "Heat".