title: Lamb of God (band)

text: Despite statements from band members that Lamb of God planned to enter the studio in 2014 to begin recording their eighth studio album, hoping to complete it by the end of the same year, Chris Adler said in an interview with "The Virginian-Pilot" that besides the large amount legal fees the band encountered from Randy Blythe's trial, the band's inactivity during the trial had eventually depleted the band's funds and thus were unable to fulfill those plans.


title: Lamb of God (band)

text: On January 26, 2014, Randy Blythe posted a picture and a statement on his Instagram saying he would be taking a long break from Lamb of God. The band, after the then-current album cycle would be on hiatus, except for some summer festival appearances. By September, however, Blythe revealed that he was planning to release a new Lamb of God record, which uses lyrics he had written while he was incarcerated along with his book, "Dark Days: A Memoir" in early 2015.


title: Lamb of God (band)

text: The band began teasing a new album, with the placeholder title "Lamb of God VII" via Instagram and Twitter in late April 2015. A website, lambofgodvii.com, initially comprising an empty black screen, went online in early May. The "VII" (the roman numeral for the number seven) refers to the album being the band's seventh, and does not take into account the first of their albums, released with a slightly different line-up as "Burn the Priest". On May 15, 2015, it was announced that the title of the new album "", and would be released in July via Epic and Nuclear Blast Entertainment. The first song, "Still Echoes" was made available for streaming on LambofGodVII.com, and available for digital download on May 18. In June of the same year, the band released a video for the song "512".


title: Lamb of God (band)

text: On November 14, 2016, Lamb of God released a new EP titled "The Duke", which featured two new songs from the "" recordings and three live tracks. The title track is dedicated to a fan and friend of vocalist Randy Blythe, Wayne Ford, who died after a 5-year battle with leukaemia. In addition to the new release, several members of the band auctioned off their instruments, signed CDs, lyric books and gold records to raise money for the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society.


title: Lamb of God (band)

text: On April 4, 2017, Blythe said it was time for the band to "really go on hiatus" after their summer North American tour; this was in reference to the first hiatus being on the back of his release from prison and acquittal. On August 10, guitarist Mark Morton confirmed that the band would be going on hiatus but stated that they would still be making music but did not hint at whether this was either for an upcoming release or indeed for Lamb of God at all.


title: Lamb of God (band)

text: On January 22, 2018, Lamb of God was announced as one of the bands supporting the Slayer Farewell Tour. On March 22, Lamb of God announced that on May 18, 2018, they would release a cover album, "" under their original name Burn the Priest. It is the band's first album as Burn the Priest since their 1999 album.


title: Lamb of God (band)

text: On October 23, 2018, Lamb of God drummer Chris Adler was interviewed on the 486th Metal Injection Livecast and in the interview with Metal Injection he revealed that the band is aiming for a December 2019 release date for Lamb of God's tenth studio album. He also revealed in the interview that he had a conversation with fellow heavy metal drummer Lars Ulrich of the band Metallica about what it is like to work with ex-Metallica guitarist and current Megadeth lead vocalist and guitarist Dave Mustaine prior to working with him on Megadeth's 15th album, "Dystopia", which was released in 2016.


title: Lamb of God (band)

text: In June 2019, on the topic of Chris Adler returning to the band on a touring basis, Randy Blythe stated during an interview with WSOU that he had no comment and that "it's hard to see what's going to happen with Chris Adler." On July 19, 2019, the band released a statement informing that they had indeed parted ways with Chris Adler, with Winds of Plague and former Prong drummer Art Cruz being named the new drummer of Lamb of God. They additionally stated that they had begun pre-production on their forthcoming 10th album. On October 23, 2019, Chris Adler released his own statement about his departure from Lamb of God revealing that he "did not make the decision to leave my life’s work" and he "is unwilling to paint by numbers".


title: Lamb of God (band)

text: On February 5, 2020, the band released "Checkmate" as the debut single from their self-titled album, "Lamb of God", which marks the first song to feature new drummer Art Cruz. The album was initially planned to be released on May 8, but was postponed to June 19, 2020 due to the coronavirus pandemic. Lamb of God toured in support of the album, including a co-headlining US trek with Megadeth in the summer and fall of 2021, and will tour Europe with Kreator, Thy Art Is Murder and Gatecreeper in late 2022.


title: Lamb of God (band)

text: In a September 2020 interview with Australia's Subculture Entertainment, Lamb of God guitarist Mark Morton was asked how he was spending his coronavirus downtime. He responded, "Writing and recording and creating new music is my favorite part out of all the things we get to do. There's a lot of elements, a lot of components about being in a band like Lamb of God. Performing and touring is one of them. Writing and recording is another one of them. The writing and recording part is far and away my favorite part of what we get to do. And so I have been doing some writing. I've been writing some stuff for Lamb of God, some stuff for other people, some stuff for my own solo project, so there's a lot of new music jumping out of me right now."


title: Lamb of God (band)

text: On February 4, 2021, the band released a song called "Ghost Shaped People" off the upcoming deluxe version of their 2020 self-titled album. The reissue of the album was released on March 26, 2021. On April 1, 2022, the band released a cover of Megadeth's "Wake Up Dead" (1986). The cover also features Megadeth. For select dates throughout 2022, Phil Demmel filled in for both Willie Adler on guitar and John Campbell on bass.


title: Lamb of God (band)

text: The band's ninth studio album, "Omens", was released on October 7 2022. The band will support the album with a North American tour with Killswitch Engage. On June 10, 2022, the band released the lead single from "Omens" titled "Nevermore".


title: Lamb of God (band)

text: In February 2014, a documentary film featuring Lamb of God entitled "As the Palaces Burn" was released worldwide. The documentary, directed by Don Argott, began filming in 2012 and was set to focus on fans of the band but drastically altered its scope following the arrest of lead singer Randy Blythe on charges of committing intentional bodily harm stemming from the death of a fan following a concert in Prague two years earlier. The film has been met with positive reviews by critics.


title: Lamb of God (band)

text: Lamb of God is considered a significant member of the New Wave of American Heavy Metal movement, having been referred to as one of "big four" bands of the movement, along with Avenged Sevenfold, Slipknot and Trivium. The band is mainly considered a groove metal band. Their music has also been described as metalcore, thrash metal, and death metal, as well as heavy metal in general. Lamb of God's 2000 album "New American Gospel" has been described as "grindcore and death metal for the hardcore kids". The band's 2004 album "Ashes of the Wake" has been described "to showcase their thrash and melodic death metal influences and break out of the metalcore category critics tried to push the band into." The band incorporated more thrash metal elements in later albums, which was shown as a direction on "Wrath" (2009) and "Resolution" (2012). "Burn the Priest" has been called a fusion of thrash metal, death metal and hardcore punk. The Burn the Priest cover album, "" has been described as crossover thrash, hardcore punk, punk rock and sludge metal.


title: Lamb of God (band)

text: Lamb of God's influences include Pantera, The Accüsed, Septic Death, Drunk Injuns, The Faction, Black Sabbath, Obituary, Bolt Thrower, Corrosion of Conformity, Napalm Death, Dirty Rotten Imbeciles, Machine Head, Shellac, At the Gates, Metallica, Testament, Slayer, Meshuggah, Megadeth, Aerosmith, and The Jesus Lizard. Although Lamb of God is a heavy metal band, the band's vocalist Randy Blythe is a more avid fan of punk rock than heavy metal, and refuses to consider himself a "metalhead".


title: Russian aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov

text: Admiral Flota Sovetskogo Soyuza Kuznetsov ( or "Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov", originally the name of the fifth ) is an aircraft carrier (heavy aircraft cruiser in Russian classification) serving as the flagship of the Russian Navy. She was built by the Black Sea Shipyard, the sole manufacturer of Soviet aircraft carriers, in Nikolayev within the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR) and launched in 1985, becoming fully operational in the Russian Navy in 1995. The initial name of the ship was Riga; it was launched as Leonid Brezhnev, embarked on sea trials as Tbilisi, and finally named "Admiral Flota Sovetskogo Soyuza Kuznetsov" after Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Nikolay Gerasimovich Kuznetsov.


text: She was originally commissioned in the Soviet Navy, and was intended to be the lead ship of the two-ship . However, her sister ship "Varyag" was still incomplete when the Soviet Union disbanded in 1991. The second hull was eventually sold by Ukraine to China, completed in Dalian and commissioned as .


text: , "Admiral Kuznetsov" is out of service for a refit in Murmansk. In November 2018, it was damaged by a falling 70-ton crane from the floating dry dock and a fire that killed two during the refit. The dry dock, which sank due to a power outage while holding "Admiral Kuznetsov", was vital to repairing the carrier, which changed its estimated return to service to 2022 or later. In 2021, the Vice President of the United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC), Vladimir Korolev, told the TASS news agency that the vessel was expected to begin post-repair sea trials in mid-2023 and rejoin the fleet later that year, although this may have been pushed back a year or more due to delays. In May 2022 it was reported that repairs to the vessel were scheduled for completion in Murmansk in September 2022 but after flaws were found in the work, the date for the return to service was pushed back to at least 2024.


text: The design of "Admiral Kuznetsov" class implies a mission different from that of the United States Navy's carriers. The term used by her builders to describe the Russian ships is (TAVKR) – "heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser" – intended to support and defend strategic missile-carrying submarines, surface ships, and naval missile-carrying aircraft of the Russian Navy.


text: "Admiral Kuznetsov"s main fixed-wing aircraft is the multi-role Sukhoi Su-33. She can perform air superiority, fleet defence, and air support missions and can also be used for direct fire support of amphibious assault, reconnaissance and placement of naval mines. The carrier also carries the Kamov Ka-27 and Kamov Ka-27S helicopters for anti-submarine warfare, search and rescue, and small transport.


text: For take-off of fixed-wing aircraft, "Admiral Kuznetsov" has a ski-jump at the end of her bow. When taking off, aircraft accelerate toward and up the ski-jump using their afterburners. This results in the aircraft leaving the deck at a higher angle and elevation than on an aircraft carrier with a flat deck and catapults. The ski-jump take-off is less demanding on the pilot's body, since the acceleration is lower, but results in a clearance speed of only requiring an aircraft design which will not stall at those speeds.


text: The "cruiser" role is facilitated by "Admiral Kuznetsov"s complement of 12 long-range surface-to-surface anti-ship P-700 Granit (NATO reporting name: Shipwreck) cruise missiles, resulting in the ship's Russian type designator of "heavy aircraft-carrying missile cruiser".


text: Unlike most western naval ships that use gas turbines or nuclear power, "Admiral Kuznetsov" is a conventionally powered ship that uses mazut as a fuel, often leading to a visible trail of heavy black smoke that can be seen at a great distance. Russian naval officials have said that the failure to properly preheat the heavy mazut fuel prior to entering the combustion chamber may contribute to the heavy smoke trail associated with the ship.


text: "Admiral Kuznetsov"s designation as an aircraft-carrying cruiser is very important under the Montreux Convention, as it allows the ship to transit the Turkish Straits. The Convention prohibits countries from sending an aircraft carrier heavier than 15,000 tons through the Straits. Since the ship was built in the Ukrainian SSR, "Admiral Kuznetsov" would have been stuck in the Black Sea if Turkey had refused permission to pass into the Mediterranean Sea. However, the Convention does not limit the displacement of capital ships operated by Black Sea powers. Turkey allowed "Admiral Kuznetsov" to transit the Straits, and no signatory to the Montreux Convention ever issued a formal protest of her classification as an aircraft-carrying cruiser.


text: "Admiral Flota Sovetskogo Soyuza Kuznetsov", constructed at Chernomorskiy Shipyard, also known as Nikolayev South Shipyard, in Nikolayev within the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR) was launched in 1985, and became fully operational in 1995. An official ceremony marking the start of construction took place on 1 September 1982; in fact she was laid down in 1983. The vessel was first named "Riga", then the name was changed to "Leonid Brezhnev", this was followed by "Tbilisi". Finally, on 4 October 1990, she was renamed "Admiral Flota Sovetskogo Soyuza N.G. Kuznetsov", referred to in short as "Admiral Kuznetsov". The ship was 71% complete by mid-1989. In November 1989 she undertook her first aircraft operation trials.


text: In late 1991 following the August Coup and the independence of Ukraine, Ukrainian president Leonid Kravchuk sent a telegram to the ship's commander Viktor Yarygin, declaring that "Admiral Kuznetsov" was Ukrainian property, and that the ship should remain in Sevastopol until the Ukrainian government made a decision on its fate. Deputy commander of the Northern Fleet Yuri Ustimenko urgently arrived from the Arctic to pre-empt the Ukrainian government and gave the order for "Admiral Kuznetsov" to sail to Vidyayevo so the ship could remain in the Soviet fleet. In December 1991, she sailed from the Black Sea to join the Northern Fleet. Only from 1993 on did she receive aircraft.


text: From 23 December 1995 through 22 March 1996 "Admiral Kuznetsov" made her first 90-day Mediterranean deployment with 13 Su-33, 2 Su-25 UTG, and 11 helicopters aboard. The deployment of the Russian Navy's flagship was undertaken to mark the 300th anniversary of the establishment of the Russian Navy in October 1696. The deployment was to allow the carrier, which was accompanied by a frigate, destroyer and oiler, to adapt to the Mediterranean climate and to perform continuous flight operations until 21:00 each day, as the Barents Sea only receives about one hour of sunlight during this time of year. During that period the carrier lay at anchor off the port of Tartus, Syria. Her aircraft often made flights close to the Israeli shore line and were escorted by Israeli F-16s. During the deployment, a severe water shortage occurred due to evaporators breaking down.


text: At the end of 1997 she remained immobilized in a Northern Fleet shipyard, awaiting funding for major repairs, which were halted when they were only 20% complete. The overhaul was completed in July 1998, and the ship returned to active service in the Northern fleet on 3 November 1998.


text: "Admiral Kuznetsov" remained in port for two years before preparing for another Mediterranean deployment scheduled for the winter of 2000–2001. This deployment was cancelled due to the explosion and sinking of the nuclear-powered submarine . "Admiral Kuznetsov" participated in the "Kursk" rescue and salvage operations in late 2000. Plans for further operations were postponed or cancelled. In late 2003 and early 2004, "Admiral Kuznetsov" went to sea for inspection and trials. In October 2004, she participated in a fleet exercise of the Russian Navy in the Atlantic Ocean. During a September 2005 exercise, a Su-33 accidentally fell from the carrier into the Atlantic Ocean. On 27 September 2006, it was announced that "Admiral Kuznetsov" would return to service in the Northern Fleet by the year's end, following another modernization to correct some technical issues. Admiral Vladimir Masorin, Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, also stated that Su-33 fighters assigned to her would return after undergoing their own maintenance and refits.


text: From 5 December 2007 through 3 February 2008 "Admiral Kuznetsov" made its second Mediterranean deployment. On 11 December 2007, "Admiral Kuznetsov" passed by Norwegian oil platforms in the North Sea, outside Bergen, Norway. Su-33 fighters and Kamov helicopters were launched from "Admiral Kuznetsov" while within international waters; Norwegian helicopter services to the rigs were halted due to the collision risk with the Russian aircraft. "Admiral Kuznetsov" later participated in an exercise on the Mediterranean Sea, together with 11 other Russian surface ships and 47 aircraft, performing three tactical training missions using live and simulated air and surface missile launches. "Admiral Kuznetsov" and her escorts returned to Severomorsk on 3 February 2008. Following maintenance, she returned to sea on 11 October 2008 for the Stability 2008 strategic exercises held in the Barents Sea. On 12 October 2008, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev visited the ship during the exercise.


text: From 5 December 2008 through 2 March 2009, "Admiral Kuznetsov" made her third Mediterranean deployment. On 5 December 2008, she and several other vessels left Severomorsk for the Atlantic for a combat training tour, including joint drills with Russia's Black Sea Fleet and visits to several Mediterranean ports. On 7 January 2009, a small fire broke out onboard "Admiral Kuznetsov" while anchored off Turkey. The fire, caused by a short circuit, led to the death of one crew member by carbon monoxide poisoning. On 16 February 2009, she was involved in a large oil spill, along with other Russian naval vessels, while refuelling off the south coast of Ireland. On 2 March 2009, "Admiral Kuznetsov" returned to Severomorsk, and in September 2010 she left dry dock after scheduled repairs and preparations for a training mission in the Barents Sea, later that month.


text: The Russian Main Navy Staff announced that "Admiral Kuznetsov" would begin a deployment to the Atlantic and Mediterranean in December 2011. In November 2011, it was announced that "Admiral Kuznetsov" would lead a squadron to Russia's naval facility in Tartus.


text: A Russian naval spokesman announced via the "Izvestia" daily that "The call of the Russian ships in Tartus should not be seen as a gesture towards what is going on in Syria... This was planned already in 2010 when there were no such events there" noting that "Admiral Kuznetsov" would also be making port calls in Beirut, Genoa and Cyprus. On 29 November 2011, Army General Nikolay Makarov, Chief of the Russian General Staff, said that Russian ships in the Mediterranean were due to exercises rather than events in Syria, and noted that "Admiral Kuznetsov"s size does not allow her to moor in Tartus.


text: On 6 December 2011, "Admiral Kuznetsov" and her escort ships departed the Northern Fleet home base Severomorsk for a Mediterranean deployment to exercise with ships from the Russian Baltic and Black Sea Fleets. On 12 December 2011, "Admiral Kuznetsov" and her escorts, were spotted northeast of Orkney off the coast of northern Scotland, the first such time she had deployed near the UK. shadowed the group for a week; due to severe weather, the group took shelter in international waters in the Moray Firth, some from the UK coast. "Admiral Kuznetsov" then sailed around the top of Scotland and into the Atlantic past western Ireland, where she conducted flight operations with her Sukhoi Su-33 'Flanker' jets and Kamov Ka-27 helicopters in international airspace. On 8 January 2012, "Admiral Kuznetsov" anchored near shore outside Tartus while other ships from her escort entered the port to use the leased Russian naval support facility to replenish their supplies, after which all ships continued their deployment on 9 January. In February 2012, "Admiral Kuznetsov" returned to her home base of Severomorsk, having lost propulsion during the return voyage in the Bay of Biscay. The tugboat took the vessel in tow and aided "Admiral Kuznetsov"s return.


text: On 1 June 2013, it was announced that the ship would return to the Mediterranean by the end of the year, and on 17 December, "Admiral Kuznetsov" departed her home base for the Mediterranean. On 1 January 2014, "Admiral Kuznetsov" celebrated New Year's Day while at anchor in international waters of the Moray Firth off northeast Scotland. The anchorage allowed replenishment of ship's supplies and respite for the crew from stormy weather off the southwest coast of Norway. She then proceeded to the Mediterranean Sea, docking in Cyprus on 28 February. In May 2014, the ship and her task group: the "Kirov"-class nuclear-powered cruiser "Petr Velikiy"; tankers "Sergey Osipov", "Kama" and "Dubna"; the ocean-going tug "Altay" and the "Minsk" (part of the Black Sea Fleet), passed the UK while sailing for home. Despite financial and technical problems, resulting in limited operations for the ship, it was expected that "Admiral Kuznetsov" would remain in active service until at least 2030.


text: In April 2010, it was announced that by late 2012, the ship would enter Severodvinsk Sevmash shipyard for a major refit and modernization, including upgrades to obsolete electronics and sensor equipment, installation of a new anti-aircraft system (Pantsir-M) and an increase of the air wing with the removal of the P-700 Granit anti-ship missiles. Possible upgrades that were mentioned exchanging the troublesome steam powerplant to gas-turbine, or even nuclear propulsion, and installation of catapults to the angled deck.


text: The Navy expected to acquire Mikoyan MiG-29K aircraft for "Admiral Kuznetsov" by 2011; this later was confirmed by a defense sub-contractor The MiG-29Ks would replace the 19 carrier-based Su-33 fighters, a resource set to become obsolete by 2015. Producing more Su-33s is possible but not cost-effective for such small volumes; the MiG-29K is more convenient as the Indian Navy also placed an order for a total of 45 aircraft, thereby reducing development and manufacturing costs. India paid $730 million for the development and delivery of 16 MiG-29Ks; 24 additional aircraft for the Russian Navy would cost about $1 billion.


text: Following ongoing maintenance, "Admiral Kuznetsov" set sail on 15 October 2016 from the Kola Bay for the Mediterranean, accompanied by seven other Russian Navy vessels including the nuclear-powered battlecruiser and two s. The carrier was accompanied by an ocean-going tugboat, as a precaution due to potential propulsion failure. The airwing included 6-8 Su-33 fighters, four Mig-29KR/KUBR multi-role aircraft, Ka-52K "Katran" navalised attack helicopters, Ka-31R "Helix" AEW&C helicopters and Ka-27PS "Helix-D" search and rescue helicopters. All the Su-33 aircraft had been upgraded with the Gefest SVP-24 bombsights for free-fall bombs, giving them a limited ground-attack capability. Analysts, including Mikhail Barabanov of the "Moscow Defense Brief", suggested that a lack of trained pilots restricted the number of fixed-wing aircraft that could be deployed from the carrier.


text: On 21 October, the "Admiral Kuznetsov" battle group sailed through the English Channel, escorted by Royal Navy ships, while UK Defence Minister Michael Fallon speculated that the taskforce was designed to "test" the British naval response. On 26 October 2016, the ship was reported to have passed through the Strait of Gibraltar and refuelled at sea off North Africa the following day. On 3 November 2016, the "Admiral Kuznetsov" battle group paused off the east coast of Crete. On 14 November 2016, a MiG-29K crashed into the sea after taking off from the carrier. The pilot ejected safely from the plane and was rescued by helicopter. According to initial reports from Russian officials, the crash was a result of technical malfunction, but it was later revealed that the plane had actually run out of fuel waiting to land while the crew was attempting to repair a broken arresting wire. The carrier commander could have diverted the aircraft to land at a nearby airbase, but hesitated in the hope that the arrestor gear would be repaired in time.


text: On 15 November 2016, "Admiral Kuznetsov", took part in "a large-scale operation against the positions of terrorist groups Islamic State and Al-Nusra, in the provinces of Idlib and Homs" in Syria by launching Su-33 fighter strikes. This was the first time the Russian aircraft carrier would take part in combat operations. The Russian Defence Ministry later reported that at least 30 militants had been killed as a result of those strikes, including three field commanders, among them" "Abul Baha al-Asfari, leader of Al-Nusra reserves in the provinces of Homs and Aleppo. Al-Asfari had also planned and led several insurgent attacks on the city of Aleppo itself. The Su-33s reportedly used precision bombs. On 3 December 2016, an Su-33 crashed into the sea after attempting to land on the carrier. The plane crashed on its second attempt to land on the aircraft carrier in good weather conditions. The pilot was safely recovered by a search and rescue helicopter. Initially it was suspected that the plane missed the wires and failed to go around, falling short of the bow of the warship, but later it was revealed that the arresting cable failed to hold the aircraft, and was damaged in the attempt. Following the two incidents, the air wing was transferred to shore at Khmeimim Air Base near Latakia, Syria to continue military operations while the carrier's arresting gear issues were addressed.


text: In early January 2017, it was announced that "Admiral Kuznetsov" and her battlegroup would be ceasing operations in Syria and returning to Russia as part of a scaling back of Russian involvement in the conflict. During her deployment off Syria, aircraft from "Admiral Kuznetsov" carried out 420 combat missions, hitting 1,252 hostile targets. On 11 January 2017, "Admiral Kuznetsov" was conducting live-fire training exercises in the Mediterranean off the coast of Libya. The Russian defence ministry announced that on 11 January, "Admiral Kuznetsov" was visited by Libya's military leader Khalifa Haftar, who had a video conference with Russian defence minister Sergey Shoygu while on board.


text: On 20 January, "Admiral Kuznetsov" was sighted passing west through the Strait of Gibraltar and six days later, she was escorted back along the English Channel by three Eurofighter Typhoons of the Royal Air Force and the Type 23 frigate . She arrived back in Severomorsk on 9 February. On 23 February 2017, President Vladimir Putin said that the ship's deployment to the Mediterranean had been his personal initiative.


text: The carrier started an overhaul and modernisation program in the first quarter of 2017 to extend its service life by 25 years. "Admiral Kuznetsov" was to undergo modernization at the 35th Ship Repair Plant in Murmansk between 2020 and 2021, upgrading the ship's power plant and electronics systems.


text: On 30 October 2018, "Admiral Kuznetsov" was damaged when Russia's biggest floating dry dock, , sank, causing one of its 70-ton cranes to crash onto the ship's flight deck, leaving behind a hole. One person was reported missing and four injured as the dry dock sank in Kola Bay. "Admiral Kuznetsov" was in the process of being removed from the dock when the incident occurred, and was towed to a nearby yard after the incident. According to Alexei Rakhmanov in early 2019, president of the United Shipbuilding Corporation, the cost of repairing the damage was estimated to be RUB 70 million (about US$1 million).


text: The fallen crane was removed in two to three months. In late May 2019, seven months later, information posted on Digital Forensic Research Lab's blog suggested that repair work of the aircraft carrier was underway. That same month, it was also announced that two graving docks in Roslyakovo, Murmansk Oblast would be merged and enlarged to accommodate "Admiral Kuznetsov", the work taking a year and a half.


text: In December 2019, a major fire broke out on board "Admiral Kuznetsov" as work continued on the ship's refit. Two people died and fourteen suffered injuries from the fire and smoke inhalation. Fire-related damage aboard "Admiral Kuznetsov" was estimated at US$8 million.


text: In June 2021, Vladimir Korolev, Vice President of the United Shipbuilding Corporation announced that the overhaul and upgrade of "Admiral Kuznetsov" had been expected to be completed in the first half of 2023. The avionics, flight deck with the ski jump, electric equipment, and the power plant will be replaced. The carrier would also receive a new fully domestic takeoff and landing control system, with the onboard airpower remaining the same. Due to the lack of a large enough dry dock, a new dry dock was being constructed in Murmansk. While this was scheduled to be completed by the end of 2021, "Admiral Kuznetsov" would not be docked until at least June 2022 due to safer weather conditions at that time. The ship was not expected to return to active operations until late 2023.


text: In November 2021 it was reported that "bad weather" had caused significant delays to repair work which might push back the completion of the refit by more than one year. In March 2022, it was reported that the ship would be dry docked from April to September for further repair work. On 13 May 2022, TASS reported that "Admiral Kuznetsov" was expected to be dry docked on 15-17 May 2022, after which the pumping out of water and restoration of the bridge would take 2 months. However, this docking was delayed for several days due to poor weather conditions, until 20 May 2022 when the docking of "Admiral Kuznetsov" finally took place.


text: Shortly after docking, it was reported that the return to service date was delayed until at least 2024, due to defects found during repair. On 15 June 2022, the General Director of the United Shipbuilding Corporation announced that the Russian Navy would receive the "Admiral Kuznetsov" in early 2024, after an extensive modernisation which will extend its service life by 10-15 years. On 27 July 2022, it was reported that the dry dock had been drained, allowing repairs on the aircraft carrier to commence.


text: In an interview on 15 August 2022, the head of the United Shipbuilding Corporation Alexei Rakhmanov confirmed that "Admiral Kuznetsov" would be handed over to the Russian Navy in the first quarter of 2024. He also stated that the aircraft carrier is expected to remain in service for at least another 25 years, due to it undergoing a significant modernisation.


title: Eric Rudolph

text: Eric Robert Rudolph (born September 19, 1966), also known as the Olympic Park Bomber, is an American domestic terrorist convicted for a series of bombings across the southern United States between 1996 and 1998, which killed two people and injured over 100 others, including the Centennial Olympic Park bombing at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. For five years, Rudolph was listed as one of the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives until he was caught in 2003.


title: Eric Rudolph

text: In 2005, as part of a plea bargain, Rudolph pleaded guilty to numerous state and federal homicide charges and accepted four consecutive life sentences in exchange for avoiding a trial and a potential death sentence. He remains incarcerated at the ADX Florence Supermax prison near Florence, Colorado.


title: Eric Rudolph

text: Rudolph was born in Merritt Island, Florida, in 1966. After his father, Robert, died in 1981, he moved with his mother and siblings to Nantahala, Macon County, in western North Carolina.


title: Eric Rudolph

text: Rudolph attended ninth grade at the Nantahala School but dropped out after that year and worked as a carpenter with his older brother Daniel. When Rudolph was 18, he spent time with his mother at a Christian Identity compound in Missouri known as the Church of Israel.


title: Eric Rudolph

text: After Rudolph received his GED, he enlisted in the U.S. Army, undergoing basic training at Fort Benning in Georgia. He was discharged in January 1989, due to marijuana use, while serving with the 101st Airborne Division at Fort Campbell, Kentucky. In 1988, the year before his discharge, Rudolph had attended the Air Assault School at Fort Campbell. He attained the rank of Specialist/E-4.


title: Eric Rudolph

text: Rudolph drifted in and out of white supremacist groups in the years before he perpetrated the bombings.


title: Eric Rudolph

text: At age 29, Rudolph perpetrated the Centennial Olympic Park bombing in Atlanta, which occurred on July 27, 1996, during the 1996 Summer Olympics. He made two anonymous 911 calls, warning about the bomb before it detonated. The blast killed one spectator and wounded 111 others. A 40-year-old Turkish news cameraman suffered a fatal heart attack while running to the scene.


title: Eric Rudolph

text: In the summer of 1996, the world converged upon Atlanta for the Olympic Games. Under the protection and auspices of the regime in Washington millions of people came to celebrate the ideals of global socialism. Multinational corporations spent billions of dollars, and Washington organized an army of security to protect these best of all games. Even though the conception and the purpose of the so-called Olympic movement is to promote the values of global socialism as perfectly expressed in the song "Imagine" by John Lennon, which was the theme of the 1996 Games—even though the purpose of the Olympics is to promote these ideals, the purpose of the attack on July 27 was to confound, anger and embarrass the Washington government in the eyes of the world for its abominable sanctioning of abortion on demand.


title: Eric Rudolph

text: The plan was to force the cancellation of the games, or at least create a state of insecurity in order to empty the streets around the venues and thereby eat into the vast amounts of money that had been invested in them.


title: Eric Rudolph

text: Rudolph's statement cleared Richard Jewell, a Centennial Olympic Park security guard, of any involvement in the bombing. Despite having been initially hailed as a hero for being the first one to spot Rudolph's explosive device and helping to clear the area, Jewell came under FBI scrutiny in the days following the attack, ultimately becoming the prime suspect and the subject of international media attention.


title: Eric Rudolph

text: Rudolph confessed to three other bombings: of an abortion clinic in the Atlanta suburb of Sandy Springs on January 16, 1997; of the Otherside Lounge of Atlanta, a lesbian bar, on February 21, 1997, injuring five; and of an abortion clinic in Birmingham, Alabama on January 29, 1998, killing Birmingham police officer Robert Sanderson, who was off-duty but working as security in uniform, and critically injuring nurse Emily Lyons. Rudolph's bombs contained nails, which acted as shrapnel.


title: Eric Rudolph

text: Rudolph was first identified as a suspect in the Alabama bombing by the Department of Justice on February 14, 1998, following tips from two witnesses, Jeffrey Tickal and Jermaine Hughes. Tickal and Hughes observed Rudolph departing the scene and noted his appearance and truck license plate. He was named as a suspect in the other Atlanta and Alabama incidents on October 14, 1998.


title: Eric Rudolph

text: On May 5, 1998, he became the 454th fugitive listed by the FBI on the Ten Most Wanted list. The FBI considered him to be armed and extremely dangerous, and offered a $1 million reward for information leading directly to his arrest. He spent more than five years in the Appalachian wilderness as a fugitive, during which time federal and amateur search teams scoured the area without success.


title: Eric Rudolph

text: Rudolph's family supported him and believed he was innocent of all charges. They were questioned and placed under surveillance. On March 7, 1998, Rudolph's older brother, Daniel, videotaped himself cutting off his left hand with a radial arm saw in order to, in his words, "send a message to the FBI and the media." The hand was successfully reattached later by surgeons.


title: Eric Rudolph

text: According to Rudolph's own writings, he survived during his years as a fugitive by camping in the Nantahala National Forest near Cherokee and Graham Counties, in North Carolina, by gathering acorns and salamanders, pilfering vegetables from gardens, stealing grain from a grain silo, and raiding dumpsters in Murphy, North Carolina.


title: Eric Rudolph

text: Rudolph was arrested in Murphy, North Carolina on May 31, 2003, by rookie police officer Jeffrey Scott Postell of the Murphy Police Department while Rudolph was looking through a dumpster behind a Save-A-Lot store at about 4 a.m. Postell, on routine patrol, had initially suspected a burglary in progress.


title: Eric Rudolph

text: Rudolph was unarmed and did not resist arrest. When arrested, he was clean-shaven with a trimmed mustache, had dyed black hair and wore a camouflage jacket, work clothes, and new sneakers. Federal authorities charged him on October 14, 2003. Rudolph was initially defended by attorney Richard S. Jaffe. After Jaffe withdrew, he was represented by Judy Clarke.


title: Eric Rudolph

text: On April 8, 2005, the Department of Justice announced that Rudolph had agreed to a plea bargain under which he would plead guilty to all charges he was accused of in exchange for avoiding the death penalty. The deal was confirmed after the FBI found of dynamite he had hidden in the forests of North Carolina. His revealing the hiding places of the dynamite was a condition of his plea agreement. He made his pleas in person in Birmingham and Atlanta courts on April 13.


title: Eric Rudolph

text: Rudolph released a statement explaining his actions; he rationalized the bombings as serving the cause of anti-abortion and anti-gay terrorism. In his statement, he claimed that he had "deprived the government of its goal of sentencing me to death," and that "the fact that I have entered an agreement with the government is purely a tactical choice on my part and in no way legitimates the moral authority of the government to judge this matter or impute my guilt."


title: Eric Rudolph

text: The terms of the plea agreement were that Rudolph would be sentenced to four consecutive life terms. He was sentenced July 18, 2005, to two consecutive life terms without parole for the 1998 murder of a police officer. He was sentenced for his bombings in Atlanta on August 22, 2005, receiving two consecutive life terms. That same day, Rudolph was sent to the ADX Florence Supermax federal prison. Like other Supermax inmates, he spends 23 hours per day alone in his concrete cell.


title: Eric Rudolph

text: After Rudolph's arrest for the bombings, "The Washington Post" reported that the FBI considered Rudolph to have "had a long association with the Christian Identity movement, which asserts that Northern European whites are the direct descendants of the lost tribes of Israel, God's chosen people." Christian Identity is a white supremacist movement which holds the view that those who are not white Christians cannot be saved. In the same article, the "Post" reported that some FBI investigators believe that Rudolph may have written letters in which he claimed responsibility for the nightclub and abortion clinic bombings on behalf of the Army of God, a group that sanctions the use of force to combat abortions and is associated with Christian Identity.


title: Eric Rudolph

text: In a statement released after he entered a guilty plea, Rudolph denied being a supporter of the Christian Identity movement, claiming that his involvement amounted to a brief association with the daughter of a Christian Identity adherent, later identified as Pastor Daniel Gayman. When asked about his religion he said, "I was born a Catholic, and with forgiveness I hope to die one." In other written statements, Rudolph has cited biblical passages and offered religious motives for his militant opposition to abortion.


title: Eric Rudolph

text: Some books and media outlets, like NPR radio program "On Point," have described Rudolph as a "Christian Identity extremist"; "Harper's Magazine" referred to him as a "Christian terrorist." The Voice of America reported that Rudolph could be seen as part of an "attempt to try to use a Christian faith to try to forge a kind of racial and social purity." Writing in 2004, authors Michael Shermer and Dennis McFarland saw Rudolph's story as an example of "religious extremism in America," warning that the phenomenon he represented was "particularly potent when gathered together under the umbrella of militia groups".


title: Eric Rudolph

text: The Anti-Defamation League noted that "extremist chatter on the Internet has praised Rudolph as 'a hero' and some followers of hate groups are calling for further acts of violence to be modeled after the bombings he is accused of committing."


title: Eric Rudolph

text: In a letter to his mother from prison, Rudolph has written, "Many good people continue to send me money and books. Most of them have, of course, an agenda; mostly born-again Christians looking to save my soul. I suppose the assumption is made that because I'm in here I must be a 'sinner' in need of salvation, and they would be glad to sell me a ticket to heaven. I do appreciate their charity, but I could really do without the condescension. They have been so nice I would hate to break it to them that I really prefer Nietzsche to the Bible." Nevertheless, Rudolph has said, "The truth is I am a Christian". Rudolph remained unrepentant for his actions and, in a statement before the court, called his acts against abortion providers a “moral duty.” “As I go to a prison cell for a lifetime, I know that ‘I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith,’” Rudolph said, quoting scripture.


title: Eric Rudolph

text: Essays written by Rudolph that condone violence and militant action have been published on the Internet by an Army of God anti-abortion activist. Although victims maintain that Rudolph's messages are harassment and could incite violence, the prison can do little to restrict their publication, according to Alice Martin, who was the United States Attorney for the Northern District of Alabama when Rudolph was prosecuted for the Alabama bombing. "An inmate does not lose his freedom of speech," she said.


title: Eric Rudolph

text: As reported in an April 8, 2013, Alabama blog article, Rudolph's book "Between the Lines of Drift: The Memoirs of a Militant" was published, with help from his brother, by Lulu.com in February 2013. In April 2013, the U.S. Attorney General seized $200 to help pay off the $1 million that Rudolph owes in restitution to the state of Alabama. The book has since been republished and has been made available through the Army of God website.


title: Eric Rudolph

text: In a fictionalized portrayal, Rudolph appears as the primary antagonist in season 2 of the drama anthology series "Manhunt". He is portrayed by Eric Mendenhall in the 2019 film "Richard Jewell".


title: Justice Society of America

text: The Justice Society of America (JSA, or Justice Society (JS)) is a superhero team appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The team was conceived by editor Sheldon Mayer and writer Gardner Fox during the Golden Age of Comic Books. The JSA first appeared in "All Star Comics" #3 (Winter 1940–1941), making it the first team of superheroes in comic books. The original members of the Justice Society of America were Doctor Fate, Hourman, the Spectre, Sandman, Atom, the Flash, Green Lantern, and Hawkman.


title: Justice Society of America

text: The team was initially popular, but after the popularity of superhero comics waned in the late 1940s, the JSA's adventures ceased with issue #57 of the title (March 1951). During the Silver Age of Comic Books, DC Comics reinvented several Justice Society members and banded many of them together in a new team, the Justice League of America. Other JSA members remained absent from comics for ten years until Jay Garrick appeared alongside Barry Allen, his Silver Age counterpart, in "The Flash" #123 (September 1961). The Justice Society was established as existing on "Earth-Two" and the Justice League on "Earth-One", different versions of Earth located in different universes. This allowed for annual cross-dimensional team-ups of the teams between 1963 and 1985. New series, such as "All-Star Squadron", "Infinity, Inc." and a new "All-Star Comics" featured the JSA, their children and their heirs. These series explored the issues of aging, generational differences, and contrasts between the Golden Age and subsequent eras.


title: Justice Society of America

text: The 1985 "Crisis on Infinite Earths" limited series merged all of the company's various alternate realities into one, placing the JSA as World War II-era predecessors to the company's modern characters. A "JSA" series was published from 1999 to 2006, and a "Justice Society of America" series ran from 2007 to 2011. As part of DC Comics' 2011 relaunch of its entire line of monthly books an unnamed version of the team appears in the "Earth 2" Vol 1 (2012–2015), "Earth 2 World's End" (2014–2015), and "Earth 2: Society" (2015–2017).


title: Justice Society of America

text: The Justice Society of America first appeared in "All Star Comics" #3 (Winter 1940–1941) written by Gardner Fox and edited by Sheldon Mayer during the Golden Age of Comic Books. The team initially included: Doctor Fate, Hour-Man (as his name was then spelled), the Spectre, the Sandman, the Atom, Flash, Green Lantern, and Hawkman. Because some of these characters (the Atom, the Flash, Green Lantern, and Hawkman) were published by All-American Publications rather than DC Comics, "All-Star Comics" #3 is the first inter-company superhero title, as well as the first team-up title. Comics' historian Les Daniels noted that: "This was obviously a great notion, since it offered readers a lot of headliners for a dime, and also the fun of watching fan favorites interact."


title: Justice Society of America

text: The JSA's adventures were written by Gardner Fox as well as by John Broome and Robert Kanigher. The series was illustrated by a legion of artists including: Martin Nodell, Joe Kubert, Jack Kirby, Harry Lampert, Joe Simon, Alex Toth, Sheldon Moldoff, Carmine Infantino, Joe Giella, Win Mortimer, Bernard Baily, Frank Giacoia, H. G. Peter, Jack Burnley, Lee Elias, Irwin Hasen, Bob Oksner, Paul Reinman, Everett E. Hibbard, and Bernard Sachs.


title: Justice Society of America

text: The first JSA story featured the team's first meeting, with a framing sequence for each member telling a story of an individual exploit. In the next issue, the team worked together on a common case, but each story from there on still featured the members individually on a mission involving part of the case, and then banding together in the end to wrap things up. An in-house rule explicitly laid out on the last page of "All Star Comics" #5, reprinted on page 206 of "All Star Comics Archives" Vol. 1, required that whenever a member received his or her own title, that character would leave "All Star Comics", becoming an "honorary member" of the JSA. Thus, the Flash was replaced by Johnny Thunder after #6, and Green Lantern left shortly thereafter for the same reason. For this reason, Superman and Batman were established as already being "honorary" members prior to "All Star Comics" #3. How these two heroes helped found the JSA before becoming honorary members was not explained until "DC Special" #29 in 1977. Hawkman is the only member to appear in every JSA adventure in the original run of "All Star Comics".


title: Justice Society of America

text: "All Star Comics" #8 (December 1941/January 1942) featured the first appearance of Wonder Woman. Unlike the other characters who had their own titles, she was allowed to appear in the series, but only as the JSA's secretary from #11 onward, and did not actively take part in most adventures until much later in the series. She was excluded from the title because of the same rules that had excluded the Flash, Green Lantern, Superman, and Batman from the title, though in #13 it was claimed she had become an active member.


title: Justice Society of America

text: A fan club for the team called the "Junior Justice Society of America" was introduced in "All Star Comics" #14 (Dec. 1942-Jan. 1943). The membership kit included a welcome letter, a badge, a decoder, a four-page comic book, and a membership certificate.


title: Justice Society of America

text: By "All Star Comics" #24 (Spring 1945), a real-world schism between National Comics and All-American Publications—a nominally independent company run by Max Gaines and Jack Liebowitz—had occurred, which resulted in the Detective Comics, Inc. (National Comics) heroes being removed from the title. As a result, the Flash and Green Lantern returned to the team. With issue #27 (Winter 1945), National Comics bought out Max Gaines' share of All-American and the two companies merged to form Detective Comics, Inc. The JSA roster remained mostly the same for the rest of the series. Gardner Fox left the series with issue #34 (April–May 1947) with a story that introduced a new super-villain, the Wizard. The Injustice Society first battled the JSA in issue #37 in a tale written by Robert Kanigher. The team's second female member Black Canary first helped the group in "All Star Comics" #38 and became a full member in #41.


title: Justice Society of America

text: "All Star Comics" and the JSA's Golden Age adventures ended with issue #57, the title becoming "All-Star Western", with no superheroes. A good amount of artwork has survived from an unpublished "All Star Comics" story titled "The Will of William Wilson" and has been reprinted in various publications from TwoMorrows Publishing.


title: Justice Society of America

text: The explanation for the team's disappearance, and the inactivity of most of its roster after the early 1950s, was first given in "Adventure Comics" #466 ("The Defeat of the Justice Society!", December 1979) by writer Paul Levitz, which explained that most of the Society chose to disband and retire rather than appear in front of the Joint Un-American Activities Committee, which demanded that they unmask themselves.


title: Justice Society of America

text: The chairmanship of the Justice Society mostly resided with Hawkman, although initially the Flash, and later Green Lantern, took turns leading the team. For a brief period in 1942, they were known as the Justice Battalion, as they became an extension of the armed forces of the United States of America during World War II. It was later explained that the reason the JSA did not invade Europe and end the war was because of the influence of the Spear of Destiny, which caused the JSA's most powerful members to fall under the control of its wielder, Adolf Hitler. In the 1980s, it was established that the JSA had a loose affiliation with the All-Star Squadron. The All-Star Squadron's adventures were set in the 1940s, and were considered to have happened concurrently with the Justice Society's in a "retcon".


title: Justice Society of America

text: The headquarters for the JSA was a hotel suite in New York City initially and, after the war, the team settled on a brownstone building in Gotham City, and later in Civic City. For a very brief period, the JSA was provided a satellite headquarters, much like their later counterparts, the JLA. This turned out to be a deathtrap orchestrated by a crooked senator's henchman from Eliminations, Inc. The Gotham City brownstone remained unoccupied until years later, when the team was active again. The headquarters used in the 2000s was a brownstone in Morningside Heights.


title: Justice Society of America

text: Having successfully introduced new versions of several characters (the Flash, Green Lantern, etc.) during the late 1950s, DC tapped industry veteran, and former Justice Society writer, Gardner Fox to create a new version of the Justice Society. Editor Julius Schwartz, influenced by the popularity of Major League Baseball's National League and American League, decided to change the name of the team from Justice "Society" to Justice "League".


title: Justice Society of America

text: In "The Flash" #123 (September 1961) "The Flash of Two Worlds", the Silver Age Flash meets his Golden Age counterpart, Jay Garrick who, along with the rest of the original Justice Society, is said to inhabit an alternative universe. This historic meeting thus became one of the classic DC comics of the Silver Age. Fan letters on the pages of following issues were wildly enthusiastic about the revival of the original Flash, both from older fans who remembered the old JSA tales, and younger fans eager to learn more about these new heroes. Further meetings occurred in "The Flash" #129 "Double Danger on Earth" (June 1962), and "The Flash" #137 "Vengeance of the Immortal Villain" (June 1963). "The Flash" #129 contains the first mention of the JSA in the Silver Age, and refers directly to their last adventure in "All-Star Comics" #57, while in "The Flash" #137 the JSA re-form.


title: Justice Society of America

text: These stories set the stage for "Crisis on Earth-One" ("Justice League of America" #21, August 1963) and "Crisis on Earth-Two" ("Justice League of America" #22, September 1963), a two-part tale where the Golden Age Justice Society teams up with the Silver Age Justice League to combat a team of villains from both worlds. The following year, the two teams of heroes worked together to stop an evil version of the Justice League from another alternative Earth ("Justice League of America" #29, "Crisis on Earth-Three", August 1964). These stories became the first in a long series of team-ups of the two supergroups, an annual summer tradition which continued until 1985.


title: Justice Society of America

text: As well as the annual Justice League of America appearances, members of the JSA guest-starred in other titles over the next several years: the Golden Age Atom in "The Atom" #29 and #36, and the Golden Age Green Lantern in several issues of "Green Lantern". In addition, a number of the characters appeared in team-up stories in issues of the DC titles "The Brave and the Bold" and "Showcase", while the Spectre was given a solo run in the latter which led to his own series.


title: Justice Society of America

text: Some JSA members during this period, residing on "Earth-Two", were portrayed as middle-aged versions of their younger, contemporary "Earth-One" counterparts; the "Earth-Two" characters' portrayal as older than their counterparts eased incorporation of the existing fictional history of the Justice Society of America into newly written stories about the "Earth-Two" characters. Later, this fictional age gap was to become a major theme for character development, with the fictional histories of different versions of the same characters deviating significantly from each other in ways impacted by their differences in age, including even the deaths of popular characters such as Batman in one setting while different, contemporary versions of the characters lived on as inhabitants of a different fictional "Earth".


title: Justice Society of America

text: The JSA's popularity grew until they regained their own title. "All Star Comics" #58 (January/February 1976) saw the group return as mentors to a younger set of heroes briefly called the "Super Squad" until they were integrated into the JSA proper. This run lasted until #74, with a brief run thereafter in "Adventure Comics" #461–466, but it had three significant developments: it introduced Power Girl in "All Star Comics" #58, chronicled the death of the Golden Age Batman in "Adventure Comics" #461–462, and, after nearly 40 years, it finally provided the JSA with an origin story in "DC Special" #29. The Huntress was introduced in "DC Super Stars" #17 (Nov.-Dec. 1977) which told her origin, and "All Star Comics" #69 (Nov.-Dec. 1977), which was published the same day. The 1970s run of "All Star Comics" was written by Gerry Conway and Paul Levitz, and artists included Ric Estrada, Wally Wood, Keith Giffen, Joe Staton, and Bob Layton.


title: Justice Society of America

text: The series was noteworthy for depicting the heroes as having aged into their 50s. The artwork gave them graying hair and lined faces. It was highly unusual, then or now, for a comic book to have heroes this old. Most comic books obscure the timelines or periodically relaunch the series to keep the characters youthful. This depiction was a consequence of the fact that the heroes were closely linked to the era of World War II. This became problematic in the 1980s when the heroes would logically be well into their 60s. The explanation given for this by writer Roy Thomas in "All-Star Squadron Annual" #3 is that the team, and several friends, have absorbed energy from the magical villain Ian Karkull during an adventure in the 1940s that stunts their aging process.


title: Justice Society of America

text: Meanwhile, the JSA continued their annual team-ups with the Justice League. Notable events include meeting the Fawcett Comics heroes, including Captain Marvel, the death of Mr. Terrific, and the origin of the Black Canary.


title: Justice Society of America

text: The JLA/JSA crossovers often involved a third team as well such as the Legion of Super-Heroes, the New Gods, the Secret Society of Super Villains, and the All-Star Squadron.


title: Justice Society of America

text: "All-Star Squadron" was a series taking place in the JSA's original setting of the wartime 1940s. This led to a spinoff, modern day series entitled "Infinity, Inc." which starred the children and heirs of the JSA members. Both series were written by noted JSA fan Roy Thomas and featured art by Rich Buckler, Jerry Ordway, Todd McFarlane, and others.


title: Justice Society of America

text: In 1985, DC retconned many details of the DC Universe in "Crisis on Infinite Earths". Among the changes, the Golden Age Superman, Batman, Robin, and Wonder Woman ceased to exist, and the Earth-One/Earth-Two dichotomy was resolved by merging the Multiverse into a single universe. This posed a variety of problems for the JSA, whose history—especially in the 1980s comics—was strongly tied up in these four characters.


title: Justice Society of America

text: The JLA–JSA team-ups ended with the last pre-Crisis teamup occurring in "Justice League of America" #244 and "Infinity Inc." #19 during the "Crisis".


title: Justice Society of America

text: One of Roy Thomas's efforts to resolve the "Crisis"-created inconsistencies was to introduce some analogues to Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman, in a sequel to "All-Star Squadron" titled "Young All-Stars".


title: Justice Society of America

text: In 1986, DC decided to write off the JSA from active continuity. "The Last Days of the Justice Society" one-shot involved most of the team battling the forces of evil while merged with the Norse gods in an ever-repeating Ragnarök-like Limbo, written by Thomas, with art by David Ross and Mike Gustovich. Only Power Girl, the Star-Spangled Kid, the Spectre, and Doctor Fate escaped the cataclysm. This is later revealed to be a simulation created by Odin searching for a way to thwart the real Ragnarök. Roy Thomas revised the JSA's origin for post-"Crisis" continuity in "Secret Origins" vol. 2 #31.


title: Justice Society of America

text: Fan interest resulted in the revival of the JSA in 1991. An eight-issue "Justice Society of America" limited series featuring a previously untold story set in the 1950s was published in 1991. In the final issues of the four-issue "Armageddon: Inferno" limited series, the JSA returns to the modern-day DC Universe when Waverider transported the "daemen" of the interdimensional Abraxis to Asgard as a substitute for the JSA in the Ragnarök cycle, allowing the team to return to Earth.


title: Justice Society of America

text: In 1992, the JSA was given an ongoing monthly series titled "Justice Society of America", written by Len Strazewski with art by Mike Parobeck, featuring the original team adjusting to life after returning from Ragnarök. Though "Justice Society of America" was intended as an ongoing series, and was popular with readers, the decision was made to cancel the book after the third issue's release. Twelve issues of the new series were ultimately commissioned, though publication itself ended with issue #10. Portions of the remaining two issues originally intended for #11–12, which were part of a planned crossover with "Justice League Europe", were published in "Justice League Europe" #49–50.


title: Justice Society of America

text: Strazewski, in an interview explaining the cancellation of this series, said, "It was a capricious decision made personally by Mike Carlin because he didn't like Mike's artwork or my writing and believed that senior citizen super-heroes was not what DC should be publishing. He made his opinion clear to me several times after the cancellation."


title: Justice Society of America

text: "Justice Society of America" included the first appearance of Jesse Quick, the daughter of All-Star Squadron members Liberty Belle and Johnny Quick, who would go on to be a major figure in "Flash", "Teen Titans", and later "Justice Society" comics.


title: Justice Society of America

text: Not long after, most of the team was incapacitated or killed in the 1994 crossover series "". During the battle between the Justice Society and the villain , the latter removes the chronal energies keeping the Justice Society young. The Atom, Doctor Mid-Nite, and Hourman die immediately. Hawkman and Hawkgirl, who were separated from the rest of the Justice Society after being pulled into the timestream, merge into a new Hawkgod being, resulting in their deaths. Doctor Fate dies of the resulting aging shortly after "Zero Hour". Green Lantern is kept young because of the mystical effects of the Starheart, but loses his ring and subsequently changes his name to Sentinel.


title: Justice Society of America

text: The rest of the team is now too physically old to continue fighting crime and retires. Starman retires and passes on the Starman legacies to his sons, resulting in the creation of one of the new series following "Zero Hour", James Robinson's "Starman".


title: Justice Society of America

text: The JSA remained inactive for some time after the events of "", but the surviving members of the Flash, Wildcat, and Alan Scott (now going by the name Sentinel) have remained active throughout the DC Universe, having been placed as reserve JLI members, as evidenced in "Justice League Europe" #50.


title: Justice Society of America

text: The Justice Society was revived as a monthly series called "JSA" in 1999 which mixed the few remaining original members with younger counterparts. This incarnation of the team focused on the theme of generational legacy and of carrying on the heroic example established by their predecessors. The series was launched by James Robinson and David S. Goyer. Goyer later co-wrote the series with Geoff Johns, who continued to write the series solo after Goyer's departure. The series featured the art of Stephen Sadowski, Leonard Kirk, and Don Kramer, among others. It featured a story by Pulitzer Prize winner Michael Chabon.


title: Justice Society of America

text: During the events of "Infinite Crisis", some of the surviving Golden Age characters, such as Wildcat and the Flash, are transported to the new "Earth-Two," as created by Alexander Luthor Jr., and seem to recall the existence of the original one, albeit vaguely.


title: Justice Society of America

text: In September 2005, "JSA"s popularity led to a spinoff series, "JSA: Classified", which tells stories of the team at various points in its existence, as well as spotlighting specific members in solo stories. The first arc, written by Geoff Johns with art by Amanda Conner, featured Power Girl's origin. The series was cancelled with issue #39 (August 2008).


title: Justice Society of America

text: After the events of DC's "Infinite Crisis" crossover and the World War III event chronicled in "52", JSA members Jay Garrick, Alan Scott, and Ted Grant decide to revive the Justice Society.


title: Justice Society of America

text: On December 6, 2006, a new series was launched with the creative team of Geoff Johns (writer), Dale Eaglesham (pencils), and Alex Ross (cover art). The beginning of the new series showed JSA veterans the Flash, Green Lantern, and Wildcat choosing members of the new generation of superheroes to train. Continuing a major theme from the previous JSA title, this new series focused on the team being the caretakers of the superhero legacy from one generation to the next.


title: Justice Society of America

text: The crossovers between the JLA and JSA began again with "The Lightning Saga" (see below) in "JLA" vol. 4 #8–10 and "JSA" #5–6 and an epilogue in issue #7.


title: Justice Society of America

text: "Justice Society of America Annual" #1 (September 2008) featured the Justice Society Infinity, a team continuing from an analogous post-"Crisis" Earth-Two. Most of the members of the Justice Society Infinity are either original members of Earth-Two's Justice Society, such as the Atom and Robin (Dick Grayson), but the Society includes characters that are normally associated with Infinity, Inc., such as Jade and Nuklon (Albert Rothstein).


title: Justice Society of America

text: Johns' run as writer of "Justice Society of America" ended with issue #26. Following a two-issue story by Jerry Ordway, Bill Willingham and Lilah Sturges took over as writers with issue #29 in July 2009.


title: Justice Society of America

text: Another JLA/JSA crossover was chronicled in "Justice League of America" #44–48 and "Justice Society of America" #41–42 under the "Brightest Day" banner. James Robinson, the writer who co-wrote the 1999 "JSA" relaunch, took over as the book's writer for the crossover while Mark Bagley illustrated the entire event. After the crossover, Robinson wrote one final issue with artist Jesus Merino, which dealt with the relationship between Green Lantern and his son Obsidian.


title: Justice Society of America

text: Following the "Brightest Day" story arc, Marc Guggenheim became the new writer with issue #44, and Scott Kolins took over art duties from Merino. During his first several issues, Guggenheim introduced a number of new characters to the team, such as Blue Devil and Manhunter. In issue #49, he expanded the JSA's roster by bringing back all of the JSA All-Stars except for Magog, who had been killed in "", and Power Girl, who had unofficially departed from the JSA during the same maxi-series, as well as the original Liberty Belle. In addition, Guggenheim introduced a new character named Red Beetle (a gadget-wielding heroine clad in a red variation of the Silver Age Blue Beetle's costume), and brought in Ri and Darknight, two Chinese superheroes that he had created for his "Batman Confidential" run.


title: Justice Society of America

text: An ongoing series titled "JSA All-Stars" debuted with a February 2010 cover date and should not be confused with the "JSA: All Stars", a limited series published from July 2003 to February 2004. The series focused on a second team that formed after the JSA split. Calling themselves the "All-Stars", the group included more of the newer, younger members of the JSA. The roster consisted of: Magog, Damage, Power Girl, Hourman, Atom Smasher, Sand, Stargirl, Cyclone, Wildcat (Ton Bronson), Citizen Steel, Judomaster, King Chimera, Anna Fortune, and the A.I. Roxy, with Damage and Magog later being killed.


title: Justice Society of America

text: DC cancelled "JSA All-Stars" with issue #18 (July 2011) because of the events of "Flashpoint", the DC 2011 summer event. As a result of the title's cancellation, writer Marc Guggenheim had all of the All-Stars except Power Girl and Magog rejoin the JSA in "Justice Society of America" #49.


title: Justice Society of America

text: In the DC Universe "Rebirth" one-shot, Johnny Thunder is in a nursing home. He is trying to escape, but Kid Flash Wally West appears to Johnny trying to establish a link to return from the Speed Force. Johnny admits he threw away the magic pen containing Thunderbolt. In "The Flash Rebirth" series, the interaction between Pre-"New 52" Wally West and "New 52" Wally West triggers a disturbance in the Speed Force, which causes Barry to have a strange vision. In the vision, Barry sees Johnny Quick's Speed formula and Jay Garrick's Flash helmet. Johnny Thunder is seen again during the "Button" crossover, where he is on a roof shouting for his Thunderbolt and that it is his fault they lost the Justice Society. At the end of the crossover, it is revealed that the Pre-"New 52" Jay Garrick was also stuck in the Speed Force, and Barry is able to momentarily free him. However, when Barry tries to secure him to the universe just as he did to Wally, Jay instead is transported back into the Speed Force in a blast of blue energy.


title: Justice Society of America

text: In the "Watchmen" sequel "Doomsday Clock", Doctor Manhattan recalls various events in which he indirectly killed Alan Scott and thus brought about changes in the timeline. On July 16, 1940, Alan Scott was riding on a train over a collapsing bridge, but he survived by grabbing onto a green lantern. He continues his life, eventually "sitting at a round table wearing a mask" and later testifying before the House Un-American Activities Committee but refusing to implicate anyone in his employ. On July 16, 1940, again, Doctor Manhattan moves the lantern six inches out of Alan Scott's reach so that Scott dies in the train accident and leaves no family behind. At the Daily Planet, Lois Lane finds a flash-drive showing footage of various members of the Justice Society of America such as Alan Scott, Jay Garrick, Doctor Fate, Hawkman, Hourman, Sandman, and Spectre. Lois did not know about the Justice Society until now. When Doctor Manhattan first arrived in the DC Universe, he witnesses the creation of the JSA and each of its founding members superhero personas. In one timeline (Golden Age/Earth-2), Doctor Manhattan watches as the JSA wait for the arrival of Superman to formally create their team. This then changes to a timeline (Post-Crisis/New Earth) where Superman was not a founding member and did not arrive until 1956. Curious about the importance of Superman and what would happen if time were to be changed and how it would affect him, Doctor Manhattan prevented Alan Scott from becoming Green Lantern. This in turn created the "New 52" Universe, and with it, the creation of the Justice Society of America was erased. When Doctor Manhattan undoes the experiment that erased the Justice Society and the Legion of Super-Heroes, the Justice Society (consisting of Atom-Smasher, Cyclone, Damage, Doctor Fate, Doctor Mid-Nite II, Flash, Green Lantern, Hawkman, Hourman II, Jade, Jakeem Thunder and Johnny Thunderbolt, Liberty Belle, Mister Terrific, Obsidian, Power Girl, Sandman II, Stargirl, S.T.R.I.P.E., Wildcat I, and Wildcat II) appears to help Superman fight the rampaging metahumans. Afterwards, the Justice Society investigates the Department of Metahuman Affairs which led to the arrest of those involved.


title: Justice Society of America

text: The Justice Society returns in the pages of "Justice League". The League splits up to retrieve fragments on the Totality from the past and future. Flash and Green Lantern are transported to 1941 to retrieve a fragment. They arrive in December 1941 to discover that the Legion of Doom has already travelled to the past and meddled in history, attacking and seemingly conquering the United States. They encounter the Justice Society, much to their surprise, as they are not aware of any superheroes active in the 1940s. However, they begin to develop an affinity for their Golden Age counterparts, and feel that there is an intricate shared history they cannot fully remember.


title: Justice Society of America

text: In the fifth volume of "Hawkman" following the defeat of Anton Hastor, a deceased Hawkman and Hawkwoman are reborn as their Golden Age counterparts, reuniting with their old friends in the Justice Society.


title: Justice Society of America

text: In the pages of "", Justice Society members Green Lantern, Flash, Doctor Fate, and Wildcat were shown to be guarding the Valhalla Cemetery. The password to get in was "Ma Hunkel" where Green Lantern mentioned that she was the first guardian of the JSA's first headquarters. As Superman and his allies prepare for their final fight against both Perpetua and the Darkest Knight, Justice Society members Damage, Green Lantern, and Flash were present. In addition, Batman used the Black Lantern ring to revive JSA members Atom, Hourman, Ma Hunkel, and Sandman. At the end of "", the Justice Society are shown fighting in World War II alongside the narrator of the series Sgt. Rock. It is explicitly noted that this is 1943 in the DC universe, indicating that they have been fully restored to the timeline.


title: Justice Society of America

text: In August 2022 it was announced that following the conclusion of "Flashpoint Beyond", a one shot entitled "The New Golden Age" would release in November that year, with a new JSA series spinning out of that with Geoff Johns writing and Mikel Janín providing art.


title: Justice Society of America

text: The Golden Age issues of "All Star Comics" were collected in the following hardcover "DC Archive Editions":


title: Justice Society of America

text: Most of the Silver Age and Bronze Age stories depicting the annual team-up adventures of the Justice League and the Justice Society were collected in the following trade paperbacks:


title: Justice Society of America

text: The Bronze Age continuation of "All Star Comics" (1976–1978), along with the subsequent JSA series in "Adventure Comics" and a related special, has been collected in the following trade paperbacks:


title: Justice Society of America

text: The "JLA" story arc "Crisis Times Five" (1999), which features the first Justice League/Justice Society team-up since "Crisis on Infinite Earths", has been collected in the following trade paperback:


title: Justice Society of America

text: A new JSA team, the "JSA All Stars", spun off from the original and was collected in the following trade paperbacks:


title: Justice Society of America

text: Several JSA miniseries, "Elseworlds" (non-canon) graphic novels, Silver Age collections, and one-shots were collected in the following trade paperbacks:


title: Justice Society of America

text: The Justice Society received a 1965 Alley Award in the category "Strip or Book Most Desired for Revival".


title: Justice Society of America

text: In the story "Kingdom Come", the Justice League that is reformed by Superman is an amalgam of the Justice League and the Justice Society.


title: Justice Society of America

text: In the "Elseworlds" story "JSA: The Golden Age", it focuses on the Justice Society after World War II.


title: Justice Society of America

text: With "The New 52", the JSA was relaunched by writer James Robinson and artist Nicola Scott in the "Earth-2" series. Additionally, the "Worlds' Finest" title featured the Huntress and Power Girl, from the new Earth 2, stranded on the main DC Earth. "Worlds' Finest" was written by Paul Levitz, and was drawn initially by George Pérez and Kevin Maguire on a rotating basis.


title: Justice Society of America

text: Under James Robinson, "Earth 2" featured new versions of the classic Justice Society members, including a young unmarried Jay Garrick, a gay version of Alan Scott, an African-American version of Hawkgirl, and a version of the Atom who was a soldier and possessed powers similar to his protege Atom Smasher where they are members of the Wonders of the World and working for the World Army. The series revolved around an Earth 2 that had been devastated by an invasion from Apokolips, led by Steppenwolf, that ended with Superman, Wonder Woman, and Batman dead and Power Girl and Robin (a.k.a. Helena Wayne a.k.a. the Huntress) exiled on Earth-0. "Worlds' Finest" dealt with Power Girl and Huntress's quest to return home, and the rescue of Michael Holt who had been exiled to Earth 2 by Desaad, who was now impersonating him on Earth-0. Mister Miracle and Big Barda later joined the cast, with Mister Miracle having just escaped from the villainous Darkseid. His relationship with Barda was strained because of a mutual mistrust as the result of Barda being a former member of the Female Furies.


title: Justice Society of America

text: Robinson quit "Earth 2" with issue #16. DC wished to launch a second weekly Earth 2 book to tie into "Future's End", which told of a future where Earth 2 is destroyed by Darkseid, and the surviving residents flee to Earth-0 for sanctuary. The tie-in series "World's End" saw Darkseid terraform Earth 2 into a new Apokolips as the heroes are barely able to get several ships full of survivors off-world.


title: Justice Society of America

text: Robinson's replacement on "Earth 2", Tom Taylor, would promptly phase out the Justice Society characters, replacing them with Batman (who was replaced by a still-alive Thomas Wayne using Miraclo), Dick Grayson, Barbara Gordon, Lois Lane (who was dead under Robinson but resurrected by Taylor as the new Red Tornado), and a new Superman named Val-Zod (a black Kryptonian). Power Girl and Huntress would join the cast as well once "Worlds' Finest" was cancelled.


title: Justice Society of America

text: Several characters from "Earth 2" were the main characters of "Convergence", which saw them trapped in the war between the imprisoned cities of previous incarnations of the DC Universe. One of the cities was the Pre-Crisis Earth 2 New York City, where the original JSA and Infinity Inc. participated in the war against their fellow heroes and later Telos and Deimos. When the war ended, a repentant Telos sacrificed the last of his energies to stabilize the planet so that the heroes could lead those who escaped Apokolips to it in order to start anew.


title: Justice Society of America

text: The new series "Earth 2: Society" chronicles the heroes' attempt to recreate Earth on this new world. At one point in issue #11, the Wonders of the World were referred to by Green Lantern in the final scene as the "Justice Society."


title: Justice Society of America

text: On Earth 3, the Justice Society All-Stars is a superhero team and is the good counterpart of the Injustice Society. It consists of Lion-Miss (an Earth 3 amalgam of Cheetah and Lion-Mane), Pinkerton Ghost (Earth 3's version of Gentleman Ghost), Matter Mage (Earth 3's version of Matter Master), and Shadow Sheriff (Earth 3's version of Shadow Thief).


title: Justice Society of America

text: Injustice: Year Zero was a digital-first comic book series, published by DC Comics from August 2020 to January 2021. The series is a prequel to the "Injustice" franchise.


title: Jayeshbhai Jordaar

text: Jayeshbhai Jordaar is a 2022 Indian comedy-drama film written and directed by Divyang Thakkar, and produced by Aditya Chopra and Maneesh Sharma under Yash Raj Films. The film stars Ranveer Singh in the titular role as the son of a traditional Gujarati sarpanch, who believes in equal rights between males and females in society. It also stars Shalini Pandey while Boman Irani and Ratna Pathak Shah play supporting roles.


title: Jayeshbhai Jordaar

text: The film was officially announced in May 2019; after the pre-production ended, shooting commenced in Mumbai on 4 December 2019. The second schedule took place in Gujarat from January 2020 and the film wrapped up on 7 February 2020.


title: Jayeshbhai Jordaar

text: "Jayeshbhai Jordaar" was earlier announced to release in theatres on 2 October 2020 and later 27 August 2021, but the COVID-19 pandemic in India led to its postponement by the makers who waited for the pandemic to subside rather than releasing it on OTT platforms. The film was released theatrically on 13 May 2022. The film ended up bombing at the box office.


title: Jayeshbhai Jordaar

text: Jayesh Patel (lovingly called Jayeshbhai Jordaar by his daughter) is an educated man who lives with his father Pruthvish (the village sarpanch), his mother Jashoda, his pregnant wife Mudra and his modern daughter Siddhi in the fictional village of Pravingarh. The family hopes that the child is a boy, so that he could continue his lineage and become the next Gujarati Sarpanch after Jayesh. In a regular check up with the doctor, Jayesh learns that his second child is also a girl.


title: Jayeshbhai Jordaar

text: In a flashback, it is revealed that Siddhi's birth was forgiven because she was the firstborn, but after that, Mudra was forced to abort 6 female children in her womb in the past 9 years, for not being able to conceive a male heir. However, Jayesh, who strongly believes in having equal rights for both men and women decides not to inform his family as he wants the baby to be born.


title: Jayeshbhai Jordaar

text: He makes a plan to elope with Mudra and Siddhi to Laadopur, a fictional village in Haryana, whose entire population are males only. One day, Jashoda arranges a meeting with a doctor who could predict the gender for their child. Jayesh executes his plan in front of his parents, who believe that Mudra has kidnapped Jayesh (actually an act).


title: Jayeshbhai Jordaar

text: The story then follows about how Jayesh fights for the rights for his wife as well as all other ladies of his village.


title: Jayeshbhai Jordaar

text: The film was announced on 27 May 2019, to be directed by Divyang Thakkar, produced by Yash Raj Films, and starring Ranveer Singh as the titular Gujarati man. Singh's first look was released on 4 December 2019 to announce that filming had started in Mumbai. Boman Irani and Ratna Pathak were cast as Singh's parents while South actress Shalini Pandey was paired opposite him. The Gujarat filming portion commenced in January 2020 and filming wrapped up on 7 February 2020.


title: Jayeshbhai Jordaar

text: It was initially scheduled to hit theatrical screens on 2 October 2020 coinciding with Gandhi Jayanti, and then on 27 August 2021 and 25 February 2022, but the COVID-19 pandemic led its postponement. The film was released theatrically on 13 May 2022.


title: Jayeshbhai Jordaar

text: "Jayeshbhai Jordaar" earned 3.25 crore at the domestic box office on its opening day. On the second day, the film collected 4 crore. On the third day, the film collected 4.75 crore, taking total domestic weekend collection to 12 crore.


title: Jayeshbhai Jordaar

text: " Jayeshbhai Jordaar" received mixed reviews from critics. Nairita Mukherjee of "India Today" rated the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "Ranveer is a class apart. The more we see him over the years, the more we realise how exponentially he's grown". Umesh Punwani of "Koimoi" rated the film 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "Jayeshbai Jordaar doesn't address an 'outdated subject', it picks up an issue tackled before adding its own charm, humour, 'pappi-worthy' emotions & 'oh so amazing' performances by Ranveer, Jia". "Bollywood Hungama" rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote "Despite featuring some 'jordaar' moments and performances , Jayeshbhai Jordaar suffers from inconsistent writing". Sukanya Verma of "Rediff" rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote "Essentially a message movie, Jayeshbhai Jordaar masks its horror in humour to play out like an on-the-run road trip". Devesh Sharma of "Filmfare" rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote "Watch Jayeshbhai Jordaar for the film"s mesaage and to see Ranveer Singh excelling in a never-seen-before avatar".


title: Jayeshbhai Jordaar

text: Renuka Vyavahare of "The Times of India" rated the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "Ranveer Singh is a firecracker when it comes to performances and screen presence but the script douses his fire. Saibal Chatterjee of "NDTV" rated the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "Played with consistent aplomb by an irrepressible Ranveer Singh isn't a stud strutting around the village calling constant attention to himself". Reviewer from "News 18" rated the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "Jayesbhai Jordaar is not only unsatisfying but also poignant. Despite its rousing moments, the film leaves you feeling unfulfilled". Nandini Ramnath of "Scroll.in" rated the film 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "Everybody would have been better off if Jayeshbhai Jordaar had gotten off its pulpit and smuggled its social messaging through absurdist humour". Anna M. M. Vetticad of "Firstpost" rated the film 2 out of 5 stars and wrote "Jayeshbhai Jordaar's good intentions are lost to a poor comprehension of gender politics, lack of focus, a saviour complex and above all, ineffective storytelling". Shubhra Gupta of "The Indian Express" rated the film 1.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "The intentions of this Ranveer Singh-Shalini Pandey film may have been noble, but it comes off as a babble of characters flailing about in a plot which makes you grit your teeth".


title: Jayeshbhai Jordaar

text: The film music is composed by Vishal–Shekhar. Written by Kumaar, Jaideep Sahni, Vishal Dadlani and Vayu.


title: Wichita, Kansas

text: Wichita ( ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Kansas and the county seat of Sedgwick County. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 397,532. The Wichita metro area had a population of 647,610 in 2020. It is located in south-central Kansas on the Arkansas River.


title: Wichita, Kansas

text: Wichita began as a trading post on the Chisholm Trail in the 1860s and was incorporated as a city in 1870. It became a destination for cattle drives traveling north from Texas to Kansas railroads, earning it the nickname "Cowtown". Wyatt Earp served as a police officer in Wichita for around one year before going to Dodge City.


title: Wichita, Kansas

text: In the 1920s and 1930s, businessmen and aeronautical engineers established aircraft manufacturing companies in Wichita, including Beechcraft, Cessna, and Stearman Aircraft. The city became an aircraft production hub known as "The Air Capital of the World". Textron Aviation, Learjet, Airbus, and Boeing/Spirit AeroSystems continue to operate design and manufacturing facilities in Wichita, and the city remains a major center of the American aircraft industry. Several airports located within the city of Wichita include McConnell Air Force Base, Colonel James Jabara Airport, and Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport, the largest airport in Kansas.


title: Wichita, Kansas

text: As an industrial hub, Wichita is a regional center of culture, media, and trade. It hosts several universities, large museums, theaters, parks, shopping centers, and entertainment venues, most notably Intrust Bank Arena and Century II Performing Arts & Convention Center. The city's Old Cowtown Museum maintains historical artifacts and exhibits the city's early history. Wichita State University is the third-largest post-secondary institution in the state.


title: Wichita, Kansas

text: Archaeological evidence indicates human habitation near the confluence of the Arkansas and Little Arkansas Rivers, the site of present-day Wichita, as early as 3000 BC. In 1541, a Spanish expedition led by explorer Francisco Vázquez de Coronado found the area populated by the Quivira, or Wichita, people. Conflict with the Osage in the 1750s drove the Wichita further south. Prior to European settlement of the region, the site was in the territory of the Kiowa.


title: Wichita, Kansas

text: Claimed first by France as part of Louisiana and later acquired by the United States with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, it became part of Kansas Territory in 1854 and then the state of Kansas in 1861.


title: Wichita, Kansas

text: The Wichita people returned in 1863, driven from their land in Indian Territory by Confederate forces in the American Civil War, and established a settlement on the banks of the Little Arkansas. During this period, trader Jesse Chisholm established a trading post at the site, one of several along a trail extending south to Texas which became known as the Chisholm Trail. In 1867, after the war, the Wichita returned to Indian Territory.


title: Wichita, Kansas

text: In 1868, trader James R. Mead was among a group of investors who established a town company, and surveyor Darius Munger built a log structure for the company to serve as a hotel, community center, and post office. Business opportunities attracted area hunters and traders, and a new settlement began to form. That summer, Mead and others organized the Wichita Town Company, naming the settlement after the Wichita tribe. In 1870, Munger and German immigrant William "Dutch Bill" Greiffenstein filed plats laying out the city's first streets. Wichita formally incorporated as a city on July 21, 1870.


title: Wichita, Kansas

text: Wichita's position on the Chisholm Trail made it a destination for cattle drives traveling north from Texas to access railroads, which led to markets in eastern U.S. cities. The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway reached the city in 1872. As a result, Wichita became a railhead for the cattle drives, earning it the nickname "Cowtown". Across the Arkansas River, the town of Delano became an entertainment destination for cattlemen thanks to its saloons, brothels, and lack of law enforcement. The area had a reputation for violence until local lawmen, Wyatt Earp among them, began to assertively police the cowboys. By the middle of the decade, the cattle trade had moved west to Dodge City. Wichita annexed Delano in 1880.


title: Wichita, Kansas

text: Rapid immigration resulted in a speculative land boom in the late 1880s, stimulating further expansion of the city. Fairmount College, which eventually grew into Wichita State University, opened in 1886; Garfield University, which eventually became Friends University, opened in 1887. By 1890, Wichita had become the third-largest city in the state after Kansas City, Kansas, and Topeka, with a population of nearly 24,000. After the boom, however, the city entered an economic recession, and many of the original settlers went bankrupt.


title: Wichita, Kansas

text: In 1914 and 1915, deposits of oil and natural gas were discovered in nearby Butler County. This triggered another economic boom in Wichita as producers established refineries, fueling stations, and headquarters in the city. By 1917, five operating refineries were in Wichita, with another seven built in the 1920s. The careers and fortunes of future oil moguls Archibald Derby, who later founded Derby Oil, and Fred C. Koch, who established what would become Koch Industries, both began in Wichita during this period.


title: Wichita, Kansas

text: The money generated by the oil boom enabled local entrepreneurs to invest in the nascent airplane-manufacturing industry. In 1917, Clyde Cessna built his Cessna Comet in Wichita, the first aircraft built in the city. In 1920, two local oilmen invited Chicago aircraft builder Emil "Matty" Laird to manufacture his designs in Wichita, leading to the formation of the Swallow Airplane Company. Two early Swallow employees, Lloyd Stearman and Walter Beech, went on to found two prominent Wichita-based companies, Stearman Aircraft in 1926 and Beechcraft in 1932, respectively. Cessna, meanwhile, started his own company in Wichita in 1927. The city became such a center of the industry that the Aeronautical Chamber of Commerce dubbed it the "Air Capital of the World" in 1929.


title: Wichita, Kansas

text: Over the following decades, aviation and aircraft manufacturing continued to drive expansion of the city. In 1934, Stearman's Wichita facilities became part of Boeing, which would become the city's largest employer. Initial construction of Wichita Municipal Airport finished southeast of the city in 1935. During World War II, the site hosted Wichita Army Airfield and Boeing Airplane Company Plant No. 1. The city experienced a population explosion during the war when it became a major manufacturing center for the Boeing B-29 bomber. In 1951, the U.S. Air Force announced plans to assume control of the airport to establish McConnell Air Force Base. By 1954, all nonmilitary air traffic had shifted to the new Wichita Mid-Continent Airport west of the city. In 1962, Lear Jet Corporation opened with its plant adjacent to the new airport.


title: Wichita, Kansas

text: Throughout the late 19th and 20th centuries, several other prominent businesses and brands had their origins in Wichita. A. A. Hyde founded health-care products maker Mentholatum in Wichita in 1889. Sporting goods and camping-gear retailer Coleman started in the city in the early 1900s. A number of fast-food franchises started in Wichita, beginning with White Castle in 1921 and followed by many more in the 1950s and 1960s including Pizza Hut in 1958. In the 1970s and 1980s, the city became a regional center of health care and medical research.


title: Wichita, Kansas

text: Wichita has been a focal point of national political controversy multiple times in its history. In 1900, famous temperance extremist Carrie Nation struck in Wichita upon learning the city was not enforcing Kansas's prohibition ordinance. The Dockum Drug Store sit-in took place in the city in 1958 with protesters pushing for desegregation. In 1991, thousands of anti-abortion protesters blockaded and held sit-ins at Wichita abortion clinics, particularly the clinic of George Tiller. Tiller was later murdered in Wichita by Scott Roeder in 2009.


title: Wichita, Kansas

text: Except for a slow period in the 1970s, Wichita has continued to grow steadily into the 21st century. In the late 1990s and 2000s, the city government and local organizations began collaborating to redevelop downtown Wichita and older neighborhoods in the city. Intrust Bank Arena opened downtown in 2010.


title: Wichita, Kansas

text: Boeing ended its operations in Wichita in 2014. However, the city remains a national center of aircraft manufacturing with other companies including Spirit AeroSystems and Airbus maintaining facilities in Wichita.


title: Wichita, Kansas

text: Wichita Mid-Continent Airport was officially renamed Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport after the Kansas native and U.S. President in 2015.


title: Wichita, Kansas

text: Wichita is in south-central Kansas at the junction of Interstate 35 and U.S. Route 54. Part of the Midwestern United States, it is north of Oklahoma City, southwest of Kansas City, and east-southeast of Denver.


title: Wichita, Kansas

text: The city lies on the Arkansas River near the western edge of the Flint Hills in the Wellington-McPherson Lowlands region of the Great Plains. The area's topography is characterized by the broad alluvial plain of the Arkansas River valley and the moderately rolling slopes that rise to the higher lands on either side.


title: Wichita, Kansas

text: The Arkansas follows a winding course, south-southeast through Wichita, roughly bisecting the city. It is joined along its course by several tributaries, all of which flow generally south. The largest is the Little Arkansas River, which enters the city from the north and joins the Arkansas immediately west of downtown. Further east lies Chisholm Creek, which joins the Arkansas in the far southern part of the city. The Chisholm's own tributaries drain much of the city's eastern half; these include the creek's West, Middle, and East Forks, as well as further south, Gypsum Creek. The Gypsum is fed by its own tributary, Dry Creek. Two more of the Arkansas's tributaries lie west of its course; from east to west, these are Big Slough Creek and Cowskin Creek. Both run south through the western part of the city. Fourmile Creek, a tributary of the Walnut River, flows south through the far eastern part of the city.


title: Wichita, Kansas

text: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which are covered by water.


title: Wichita, Kansas

text: As the core of the Wichita metropolitan area, the city is surrounded by suburbs. Bordering Wichita on the north are, from west to east, Valley Center, Park City, Kechi, and Bel Aire. Enclosed within east-central Wichita is Eastborough. Adjacent to the city's east side is Andover. McConnell Air Force Base is in the extreme southeast corner of the city. To the south, from east to west, lie Derby and Haysville. Goddard and Maize border Wichita to the west and northwest, respectively.


title: Wichita, Kansas

text: Wichita lies within the humid subtropical climate zone (Köppen "Cfa"), typically experiencing hot, humid summers and cold, dry winters. Located on the Great Plains, far from any large moderating influences such as mountains or large bodies of water, Wichita often experiences severe weather with thunderstorms occurring frequently during the spring and summer. These occasionally bring large hail and frequent lightning. Particularly destructive ones have struck the Wichita area several times in the course of its history - in September 1965, during the Andover, Kansas tornado outbreak of April 1991, and during the Oklahoma tornado outbreak of May 1999. Winters are cold and dry; since Wichita is roughly midway between Canada and the Gulf of Mexico, cold spells and warm spells are equally frequent. Warm air masses from the Gulf of Mexico can raise midwinter temperatures into the 50s and even 60s (°F), while cold-air masses from the Arctic can occasionally plunge the temperature below 0 °F. Wind speed in the city averages . On average, January is the coldest month (and the driest), July the hottest, and May the wettest.