CodeEff/ECCO huggingface dataset:
# Original solution
from collections import defaultdict, deque, Counter
from heapq import heappush, heappop, heapify
import math
import bisect
import random
from itertools import permutations, accumulate, combinations, product
import sys
import string
from bisect import bisect_left, bisect_right
from math import factorial, ceil, floor
from operator import mul
from functools import reduce


sys.setrecursionlimit(2147483647)
INF = 10 ** 13
def LI(): return list(map(int, sys.stdin.readline().split()))
def I(): return int(sys.stdin.readline())
def LS(): return sys.stdin.readline().rstrip().split()
def S(): return sys.stdin.readline().rstrip()
def IR(n): return [I() for i in range(n)]
def LIR(n): return [LI() for i in range(n)]
def SR(n): return [S() for i in range(n)]
def LSR(n): return [LS() for i in range(n)]
def SRL(n): return [list(S()) for i in range(n)]
def MSRL(n): return [[int(j) for j in list(S())] for i in range(n)]
mod = 998244353

n = I()
x = S()
rx=x.replace("1","2").replace("0","1").replace("2","0")
D = []
for i in range(1, int(n**0.5)+1):
    if n % i == 0:
        if n // i % 2:
            D += [i]
        if i != n // i and i % 2:
            D += [n // i]

D.sort()
bx=int(x,2)
cnt = [0] * len(D)
ans = 0
for k in range(len(D)):
    t=x[:D[k]]
    rt=rx[:D[k]]
    f=(t+rt)*(n//D[k]//2)+t
    cnt[k]=cnt[k]+int(int(f,2)<=bx)+int(t,2)
    cnt[k]%=mod
    ans += cnt[k]*D[k]*2
    for kk in range(k + 1, len(D)):
        if D[kk] % D[k] == 0:
            cnt[kk] -= cnt[k]
            cnt[kk]%=mod
    ans %= mod

print((ans % mod))


# Optimized solution
from collections import defaultdict, deque, Counter
from heapq import heappush, heappop, heapify
import math
import bisect
import random
from itertools import permutations, accumulate, combinations, product
import sys
import string
from bisect import bisect_left, bisect_right
from math import factorial, ceil, floor
from operator import mul
from functools import reduce


sys.setrecursionlimit(2147483647)
INF = 10 ** 13
def LI(): return list(map(int, sys.stdin.readline().split()))
def I(): return int(sys.stdin.readline())
def LS(): return sys.stdin.readline().rstrip().split()
def S(): return sys.stdin.readline().rstrip()
def IR(n): return [I() for i in range(n)]
def LIR(n): return [LI() for i in range(n)]
def SR(n): return [S() for i in range(n)]
def LSR(n): return [LS() for i in range(n)]
def SRL(n): return [list(S()) for i in range(n)]
def MSRL(n): return [[int(j) for j in list(S())] for i in range(n)]
mod = 998244353

n = I()
x = S()
rx=x.replace("1","2").replace("0","1").replace("2","0")
D = []
for i in range(1, int(n**0.5)+1):
    if n % i == 0:
        if n // i % 2:
            D += [i]
        if i != n // i and i % 2:
            D += [n // i]

D.sort()
bx=int(x,2)
cnt = [0] * len(D)
ans = 0
for k in range(len(D)):
    t=x[:D[k]]
    rt=rx[:D[k]]
    f=(t+rt)*(n//D[k]//2)+t
    cnt[k]=cnt[k]+int(f<=x)+int(t,2)
    cnt[k]%=mod
    ans += cnt[k]*D[k]*2
    for kk in range(k + 1, len(D)):
        if D[kk] % D[k] == 0:
            cnt[kk] -= cnt[k]
            cnt[kk]%=mod
    ans %= mod

print((ans % mod))
# Original solution
N=int(eval(input()))
for _ in[0]*int(eval(input())):
 a,b=list(map(int,input().split()))
 print((min(a-1,N-a,b-1,N-b)%3+1))


# Optimized solution
import sys
N=int(eval(input()))
eval(input())
for e in sys.stdin:
 a,b=list(map(int,e.split()))
 print((min(a-1,N-a,b-1,N-b)%3+1))
# Original solution
import math
#import numpy as np
import queue
from collections import deque,defaultdict
import heapq as hpq
from sys import stdin,setrecursionlimit
#from scipy.sparse.csgraph import dijkstra
#from scipy.sparse import csr_matrix
ipt = stdin.readline
setrecursionlimit(10**7)

def main():
    n,k = list(map(int,ipt().split()))
    a = list(map(int,ipt().split()))
#    n = 2*10**5
#    k = 2*10**5
#    a = [i+1 for i in range(n)]
    nxt = [-1]*(n)
    pa = [-1]*(2*10**5+1)
    for i,ai in enumerate(a*2):
        pai = pa[ai]
        if pai == -2:
            continue
        if pai == -1:
            pa[ai] = i
        else:
            nxt[pai] = i-pai+1
            if i <= n-1:
                pa[ai] = i
            else:
                pa[ai] = -2
    dbl = [nxt]
    ni = 1
    while ni <= n*k:
        nnxt = [0]*n
        pnxt = dbl[-1]
        for i in range(n):
            nnxt[i] = pnxt[i]+pnxt[(i+pnxt[i])%n]
        dbl.append(nnxt)
        if min(nnxt) > n*k:
            break
        ni *= 2
    np = 0
    ld = len(dbl)
    ni = len(dbl)-1
#    print(dbl)
    for db in dbl[::-1]:
        while True:
            if db[np%n] < n*k-1-np:
                np += db[np%n]
            else:
                break
#        print(np)
    ans = []
    for i in range(np%n,n):
        ai = a[i]
        if ai in ans:
            ans = ans[:ans.index(ai)]
        else:
            ans.append(ai)
    print((" ".join(map(str,ans))))



    return

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


# Optimized solution
import math
#import numpy as np
import queue
from collections import deque,defaultdict
import heapq as hpq
from sys import stdin,setrecursionlimit
#from scipy.sparse.csgraph import dijkstra
#from scipy.sparse import csr_matrix
ipt = stdin.readline
setrecursionlimit(10**7)

def main():
    n,k = list(map(int,ipt().split()))
    a = list(map(int,ipt().split()))
#    n = 2*10**5
#    k = 2*10**5
#    a = [i+1 for i in range(n)]
    nxt = [-1]*(n)
    pa = [-1]*(2*10**5+1)
    for i,ai in enumerate(a*2):
        pai = pa[ai]
        if pai == -2:
            continue
        if pai == -1:
            pa[ai] = i
        else:
            nxt[pai] = i-pai+1
            if i <= n-1:
                pa[ai] = i
            else:
                pa[ai] = -2
    dbl = [nxt]
    ni = 1
    while ni <= n*k:
        nnxt = [0]*n
        pnxt = dbl[-1]
        for i in range(n):
            nnxt[i] = pnxt[i]+pnxt[(i+pnxt[i])%n]
        dbl.append(nnxt)
        if min(nnxt) > n*k:
            break
        ni *= 2
    np = 0
    ld = len(dbl)
    ni = len(dbl)-1
#    print(dbl)
    for db in dbl[::-1]:
        while True:
            if db[np%n] < n*k-1-np:
                np += db[np%n]
            else:
                break
#        print(np)
    ans = []
    np %= n
    while np < n:
        if nxt[np]+np > n:
            ans.append(a[np])
            np += 1
        elif nxt[np]+np == n:
            np = n
        else:
            np = nxt[np]+np
    print((" ".join(map(str,ans))))



    return

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
# Original solution
import bisect

n,k = list(map(int,input().split()))
a = list(map(int,input().split()))

ind = [[] for _ in range(2*10**5 + 1)]
for i,num in enumerate(a):
    ind[num].append(i)

for i in range(1,2*10**5 + 1):
    if(ind[i]):
        ind[i].append(ind[i][0] + n)

cnt = 0
now = a[0]
while(True):
    right = bisect.bisect_right(ind[now], cnt%n)
    cnt += ind[now][right] - ind[now][right-1] + 1
    now = a[cnt%n]
    if(cnt%n == 0):
        break

cyc = k%(cnt//n)
cnt = 0
now =a[0]
while(True):
    right = bisect.bisect_right(ind[now], cnt%n)
    cnt += ind[now][right] - ind[now][right-1] + 1
    if(cnt//n == cyc):
        cnt -= ind[now][right] - ind[now][right-1] + 1
        break
    now = a[cnt%n]

cnt %= n
ans = []
while(cnt < n):
    now = a[cnt]
    right = bisect.bisect_right(ind[now],cnt)
    if(ind[now][right] >= n):
        ans.append(now)
        cnt += 1
    else:
        cnt = ind[now][right] + 1

print((' '.join(map(str,ans))))

# Optimized solution
import bisect

n,k = list(map(int,input().split()))
a = list(map(int,input().split()))

ind = [[] for _ in range(2*10**5 + 1)]
for i,num in enumerate(a):
    ind[num].append(i)

for i in range(1,2*10**5 + 1):
    if(ind[i]):
        ind[i].append(ind[i][0] + n)

before = []
cnt = 0
now = a[0]
while(True):
    right = bisect.bisect_right(ind[now], cnt%n)
    cnt += ind[now][right] - ind[now][right-1] + 1
    if(ind[now][right] >= n):
        before.append(ind[now][right-1])
    now = a[cnt%n]
    if(cnt%n == 0):
        break

if(cnt//n==1):
    print('')
    exit()

cyc = k%(cnt//n)

cnt = before[cyc-1]
ans = []
while(cnt < n):
    now = a[cnt]
    right = bisect.bisect_right(ind[now],cnt)
    if(ind[now][right] >= n):
        ans.append(now)
        cnt += 1
    else:
        cnt = ind[now][right] + 1

print((' '.join(map(str,ans))))
# Original solution
import sys
input = sys.stdin.readline

'''
9 4
1 8 6 6 8 7 8 1 9
'''

N, K = list(map(int, input().split()))
A = [int(i) for i in input().split()]

last = dict()
v = [-1] * N

for i, a in enumerate(A + A) :
    if a in last and last[a] < N :
        v[last[a]] = i + 1
    
    last[a] = i

dist = [-1] * N
cur = 0
s = 0
while dist[cur] < 0 :
    dist[cur] = s 
    s += v[cur] - cur
    cur = v[cur] % N

# d1 - ループに入るまでの長さ, d2 - ループの長さ
d1 = dist[cur]
d2 = s - d1
NK = N * K

if NK > d1 :
    m = (NK-d1) % d2
    cur = v[cur] % N
    s = 0
    while m > dist[cur] - d1 > 0 :
        s = dist[cur] - d1
        cur = v[cur] % N
    m -= s
else :
    m = N

ret = []
if m != 0 :
    last = dict()
    for a in A[-m:] :
        if a in ret :
            ret = ret[:ret.index(a)]
        else :
            ret.append(a)
        
print((' '.join([str(i) for i in ret])))

# Optimized solution
import sys
input = sys.stdin.readline

N, K = list(map(int, input().split()))
A = [int(i) for i in input().split()]

last = dict()
v = [-1] * N

for i, a in enumerate(A + A) :
    if a in last and last[a] < N :
        v[last[a]] = i + 1
    
    last[a] = i

dist = [-1] * N
cur = 0
cycle = 0
while dist[cur] < 0 :
    dist[cur] = cycle 
    cycle += v[cur] - cur
    cur = v[cur] % N

NK = N * K

m = NK % cycle
cur = v[cur] % N
s = 0
while m > dist[cur] > 0 :
    s = dist[cur]
    cur = v[cur] % N
m -= s

ret = []
seen = set()
for a in A[N-m:] :
    if a in seen :
        p = ret.pop()
        seen.remove(a)
        while p != a :
            seen.remove(p)
            p = ret.pop()
    else :
        ret.append(a)
        seen.add(a)
        
print((' '.join([str(i) for i in ret])))
# Original solution
from bisect import bisect
from collections import defaultdict
def main():
	n, k = list(map(int, input().split()))
	*a, = list(map(int, input().split()))
	idx = defaultdict(list)
	for i, x in enumerate(a):
		idx[x].append(i)
	m = (k * n).bit_length()
	dub = [[0] * n for _ in range(m)]
	for i, x in enumerate(a):
		if i == idx[x][-1]:
			dub[0][i] = n + idx[x][0] - i
		else:
			dub[0][i] = idx[x][bisect(idx[x], i)] - i
	# print(dub[0])
	for i in range(m - 1):
		for j in range(n):
			dub[i + 1][j] = dub[i][j] + 1 + dub[i][(j + dub[i][j] + 1) % n]
	# print(dub)
	now = -1
	for i in range(m - 1, -1, -1):
		if now + 1 + dub[i][(now + 1) % n] < n * k:
			now += 1 + dub[i][(now + 1) % n]
	# print(now)
	if now == n * k:
		print("")
		exit()
	b = a[(now + 1) % n:]
	# print(b)
	inQ = {x: False for x in b}
	Q = []
	for x in b:
		if inQ[x]:
			while Q[-1] != x:
				inQ[Q.pop()] = False
			Q.pop()
			inQ[x] = False
		else:
			inQ[x] = True
			Q.append(x)
	print((" ".join(map(str, Q))))

if __name__ == '__main__':
	main()


# Optimized solution
from bisect import bisect
from collections import defaultdict
def main():
	n, k = list(map(int, input().split()))
	*a, = list(map(int, input().split()))
	idx = defaultdict(list)
	for i, x in enumerate(a):
		idx[x].append(i)
	m = (k * n).bit_length()
	dub = [[-1] * n for _ in range(m)]
	for i, x in enumerate(a):
		if i == idx[x][-1]:
			dub[0][i] = n + idx[x][0] - i
		else:
			dub[0][i] = idx[x][bisect(idx[x], i)] - i
	# print(dub[0])
	for i in range(m - 1):
		for j in range(n):
			if dub[i][j]<n*k and dub[i][j]!=-1:
				dub[i + 1][j] = dub[i][j] + 1 + dub[i][(j + dub[i][j] + 1) % n]
	# print(dub)
	now = -1
	for i in range(m - 1, -1, -1):
		if dub[i][(now+1)%n]!=-1 and now + 1 + dub[i][(now + 1) % n] < n * k:
			now += 1 + dub[i][(now + 1) % n]
	# print(now)
	if now == n * k:
		print("")
		exit()
	b = a[(now + 1) % n:]
	# print(b)
	inQ = {x: False for x in b}
	Q = []
	for x in b:
		if inQ[x]:
			while Q[-1] != x:
				inQ[Q.pop()] = False
			Q.pop()
			inQ[x] = False
		else:
			inQ[x] = True
			Q.append(x)
	print((" ".join(map(str, Q))))

if __name__ == '__main__':
	main()
# Original solution
N, K = list(map(int, input().split()))
As = list(map(int, input().split()))
M = [[] for i in range(200001)]
for i, a in enumerate(As):
  M[a].append(i)
S = []
for i, a in enumerate(As):
  l = M[a]
  index = l.index(i)
  if index+1 == len(l):
    n = l[0]+N
  else:
    n = l[index+1]
  S.append(n+1-i)
#print(S)
p = 0
while True:
  p = p+S[p%N]
  if p%N == 0:
    break
count = p//N
#print(count)
K = K%count
#print(K)
p = 0
while True:
  q = p+S[p%N]
  if q > N*K:
    break
  p = q
index = p%N
#print(index, As[index:N])
s = []
for a in As[index:N]:
  i = -1
  for j in range(len(s)):
    if s[j] == a:
      i = j
  if i < 0:
    s.append(a)
  else:
    s = s[0:i]
print((" ".join(map(str, s))))


# Optimized solution
N, K = list(map(int, input().split()))
As = list(map(int, input().split()))
M = [[] for i in range(200001)]
for i, a in enumerate(As):
  M[a].append(i)
S = []
for i, a in enumerate(As):
  l = M[a]
  index = l.index(i)
  if index+1 == len(l):
    n = l[0]+N
  else:
    n = l[index+1]
  S.append(n+1-i)
#print(S)
p = 0
while True:
  p = p+S[p%N]
  if p%N == 0:
    break
count = p//N
#print(count)
K = K%count
#print(K)
p = 0
s = []
while p < N*K:
  q = p+S[p%N]
  if q > N*K:
    s.append(As[p%N])
    p = p+1
  else:
    p = q
print((" ".join(map(str, s))))
# Original solution
import math

# input
#
# n = 5
# k = 10
# a = [1, 2, 3, 2, 3]

n, k = list(map(int, input().split()))
a = [int(ai) for ai in input().split()]

# make jumpto
#
# 0 -> 6 (6)
# 1 -> 4 (3)
# 2 -> 5 (3)
# 3 -> 7 (4)
# 4 -> 8 (4)

jumpto = [[-1] * n]
la = -1
li = -1
for (ca, ci) in sorted(zip(a, list(range(n)))):
    if ca == la:
        jumpto[0][ci] = jumpto[0][li] + li - ci
        jumpto[0][li] = ci - li + 1
    else:
        jumpto[0][ci] = n + 1
    la = ca
    li = ci

# doubling jumpto
#
# 0 -> 6 ->  9 (9)
# 1 -> 4 ->  8 (7)
# 2 -> 5 -> 11 (9)
# 3 -> 7 -> 10 (7)
# 4 -> 8 -> 12 (8)
#
# 0 -> 6 ->  9 -> 13 -> 17 (17)
# 1 -> 4 ->  8 -> 12 -> 15 (14)
# 2 -> 5 -> 11 -> 14 -> 18 (16)
# 3 -> 7 -> 10 -> 16 -> 19 (16)
# 4 -> 8 -> 12 -> 15 -> 21 (17)

levels = int(math.log(n * k, 2))
for l in range(1, levels + 1):
    jumpto.append([-1] * n)
    for i in range(n):
        f = jumpto[l - 1][i]
        s = jumpto[l - 1][(i + f) % n]
        jumpto[l][i] = f + s

# step1 and step2
ret = []
s = 0
while s < n * k:
    jumped = False
    for l in range(levels, -1, -1):
        if s + jumpto[l][s % n] <= n * k:
            s += jumpto[l][s % n]
            jumped = True
            break
    if not jumped:
        ret.append(str(a[s % n]))
        s += 1

print((' '.join(ret)))


# Optimized solution
import math

# input
#
# n = 5
# k = 10
# a = [1, 2, 3, 2, 3]

n, k = list(map(int, input().split()))
a = [int(ai) for ai in input().split()]

# make jumpto
#
# 0 -> 6 (6)
# 1 -> 4 (3)
# 2 -> 5 (3)
# 3 -> 7 (4)
# 4 -> 8 (4)

jumpto = [[-1] * n]
la = -1
li = -1
for (ca, ci) in sorted(zip(a, list(range(n)))):
    if ca == la:
        jumpto[0][ci] = jumpto[0][li] + li - ci
        jumpto[0][li] = ci - li + 1
    else:
        jumpto[0][ci] = n + 1
    la = ca
    li = ci

# doubling jumpto
#
# 0 -> 6 ->  9 (9)
# 1 -> 4 ->  8 (7)
# 2 -> 5 -> 11 (9)
# 3 -> 7 -> 10 (7)
# 4 -> 8 -> 12 (8)
#
# 0 -> 6 ->  9 -> 13 -> 17 (17)
# 1 -> 4 ->  8 -> 12 -> 15 (14)
# 2 -> 5 -> 11 -> 14 -> 18 (16)
# 3 -> 7 -> 10 -> 16 -> 19 (16)
# 4 -> 8 -> 12 -> 15 -> 21 (17)

levels = int(math.log(k, 2))
for l in range(1, levels + 1):
    jumpto.append([-1] * n)
    for i in range(n):
        f = jumpto[l - 1][i]
        s = jumpto[l - 1][(i + f) % n]
        jumpto[l][i] = f + s

# step1 and step2
ret = []
s = 0
while s < n * k:
    jumped = False
    for l in range(levels, -1, -1):
        if s + jumpto[l][s % n] <= n * k:
            s += jumpto[l][s % n]
            jumped = True
            break
    if not jumped:
        ret.append(str(a[s % n]))
        s += 1

print((' '.join(ret)))
# Original solution
import sys
sys.setrecursionlimit(1000000)

n,k = list(map(int,input().split()))
a = list(map(int,input().split()))

count = 0
j = 0
def f(s,j,count):
    cho = False
    for t in range(j+1,n):
        if a[s] == a[t]:
            cho == True
            if t+1==n:
                return count
            else:
                return f(t+1,t+1,count)
    if not cho:
        return f(s,-1,count+1)

lasta = []
if f(0,0,0) == 0:
    lasta = []
else:
    for i in range(0,min((k%f(0,0,0)+1),k)):
        lasta += a

def lastf(s,lista):
    cho = False
    for t in range(s+1,len(lista)):
        if lista[s] == lista[t]:
            cho = True
            lista = lista[0:s] + lista[t+1:len(lasta)]
            if len(lista)==s:
                return lista
            else:
                return lastf(s,lista)
    if not cho:
        if s < len(lista)-1:
            return lastf(s+1,lista)
        else:
            return lista


ans = lastf(0,lasta)
print((" ".join(map(str,ans))))


# Optimized solution
import sys
sys.setrecursionlimit(1000000)

n,k = list(map(int,input().split()))
a = list(map(int,input().split()))

b = []
for i in range(0,n):
    p = a[i]
    chou = False
    for j in range(i+1,n):
        if a[i] == a[j]:
            chou = True
            b.append(j)
            break
    if not chou:
        for j in range(0,i+1):
            if a[i] == a[j]:
                chou = True
                b.append(j)
                break
def f(s,count):
    if s < b[s]:
        if b[s]==n-1:
            return count
        else:
            return f(b[s]+1,count)
    else:
        count += 1
        if b[s]==n-1:
            return count
        else:
            return f(b[s]+1,count)

lasta = []
loop = f(0,0)
if loop == 0:
    lasta = []
else:
    for i in range(0,min(k%(loop+1),k)):
        lasta += a

ans = []
#listaからansをつくる．
t = 0
count = 0
while len(lasta)>0:
    if b[t]<=t:
        count=count+1
        if b[t]+count*n<len(lasta)-1:
            t = (b[t]+1)%n
        elif b[t]+count*n == len(lasta)-1:
            break
        else:
            ans.append(lasta[t])
            count = count -1
            if t+count*n==len(lasta)-1:
                break
            else:
                t = (t + 1)%n
    else:
        if b[t]+count*n<len(lasta)-1:
            t = (b[t]+1)%n
        elif b[t]+count*n == len(lasta)-1:
            break
    


print((" ".join(map(str,ans))))
# Original solution
n=int(eval(input()))
a=list(map(int,input().split()))
print((max(a)-min(a)))

# Optimized solution
n=int(eval(input()))
a=sorted(list(map(int,input().split())))
print((a[-1]-a[0]))
# Original solution
N = eval(input())
a = list(map(int, input().split()))
print((max(a)-min(a)))

# Optimized solution
total_house = int(eval(input()))
house_coordinate = sorted(list(map(int, input().split())))
print((house_coordinate[total_house - 1]- house_coordinate[0]))
# Original solution
eval(input())
a=list(map(int,input().split()))
print((max(a)-min(a)))

# Optimized solution
eval(input())
a = sorted(map(int, input().split()))
print((a[-1]-a[0]))
# Original solution
_,*a=list(map(int,open(0).read().split()));print((max(a)-min(a)))

# Optimized solution
_,t=open(0);*a,=list(map(int,t.split()));print((max(a)-min(a)))
# Original solution
N = int(eval(input()))
a = list(map(int, input().split()))

a.sort()

ans = 0
for i in range(1, len(a)):
  ans += a[i] - a[i-1]
print(ans)

# Optimized solution
N = int(eval(input()))
a = list(map(int, input().split()))

print((max(a) - min(a)))
# Original solution
N = int(eval(input()))
A = sorted(list(map(int,input().split())))
print((A[-1]-A[0]))

# Optimized solution
N = int(eval(input()))
A = list(map(int,input().split()))
print((max(A)-min(A)))
# Original solution
N = int(eval(input()))
A = sorted(list(map(int,input().split())))
dis = 0
for i in range(N-1):
  dis += abs(A[i] - A[i+1])
print(dis)

# Optimized solution
N = int(eval(input()))
A = list(map(int,input().split()))

print((max(A)-min(A)))
# Original solution
eval(input())
a=list(map(int,input().split()))
print((max(a)-min(a)))

# Optimized solution
eval(input())
a=sorted(map(int,input().split()))
print((a[-1]-a[0]))
# Original solution
times = int(eval(input()))
count = 0

li = [list(map(int, input().split())) for i in range(times)]

for item in li:
        count += 1 + item[1] - item[0]

print(count)

# Optimized solution
n = int(eval(input()))
lr = [list(map(int,input().split())) for _ in range(n)]
ans = 0
for i in range(n):
    ans += lr[i][1]-lr[i][0]+1
print(ans)
# Original solution
n = int(eval(input()))
sum = 0
for i in range(n):
    l, r = list(map(int, input().split()))
    sum += (r-l) + 1
print(sum)

# Optimized solution
n = int(eval(input()))
res = 0
for i in range(n):
    l, r = list(map(int, input().split()))
    res += (r-l + 1)
print(res)
# Original solution
china = int(eval(input()))
kazu = 0
for i in range(china):
    a, b = [int(i) for i in input().split()]
    kazu = kazu + (b - a + 1)
print(kazu) 

# Optimized solution
num = int(eval(input()))
InA = [input().split() for i in range(num)]
seki_total = 0

for seki in InA:
    seki_total += int(seki[1]) - int(seki[0]) + 1

print (seki_total)
# Original solution
N = int(eval(input()))
people = 0

for i in range(N):
    l, r = list(map(int, input().split()))
    people += r-l+1
print(people)

# Optimized solution
p = 0
for i in range(int(eval(input()))):
    l, r = list(map(int, input().split()))
    p += r-l+1
print(p)
# Original solution
print((sum([1-eval(input().replace(' ','-')) for _ in [0]*int(eval(input()))])))

# Optimized solution
N = int(eval(input()))
S = 0

for i in range(N):
    l,r = list(map(int,input().split()))
    S += r - l + 1

print(S)
# Original solution
def resolve():
    record =[]
    for i in range(int(eval(input()))):
        l,r = list(map(int,input().split()))
        record+=list(range(l,r+1))
    print((len(set(record))))

resolve()

# Optimized solution
print((sum(1-eval(input().replace(" ","-")) for _ in range(int(eval(input()))))))
# Original solution
N=int(eval(input()))

ans=0
for i in range(N):
  l,r=list(map(int,input().split()))
  ans+=r-l+1

print(ans)

# Optimized solution
import sys
input = sys.stdin.buffer.readline

N = int(eval(input()))
LR = [list(map(int, input().split())) for _ in range(N)]

answer = 0
for l, r in LR:
  answer += r - l + 1

print(answer)
# Original solution
N = int(eval(input()))
ans = 0
for i in range(N):
    lr = list(map(int, input().split()))
    ans += lr[1] - lr[0] +1
print(ans)

# Optimized solution
N = int(eval(input()))
ans = 0
for i in range(N):
    l, r = list(map(int, input().split()))
    ans += r-l+1
print(ans)
# Original solution
N = int(eval(input()))
a = []
for i in range(N):
    a.append(list(map(int, input().split())))
    
number = 0
    
for i in range(N):
  abc = a[i-1]
  first = abc[0]
  last = abc[1]
  abc_number = last - first + 1
  number += abc_number

print((int(number)))  

# Optimized solution
n = int(eval(input()))

ans = 0

for i in range(n):
  l, r = list(map(int, input().split()))
  ans += r - l + 1
  
print(ans)
# Original solution
print((sum(1-eval(input().replace(" ","-")) for _ in range(int(eval(input()))))))

# Optimized solution
N=int(eval(input()))
people=0
for i in range(N):
    l,r=list(map(int,input().split()))
    people+=r-l+1
print(people)
# Original solution
n = int(eval(input()))
seat = [0] * 10 ** 6
for i in range(n):
    l, r = list(map(int, input().split()))
    for j in range(l, r + 1):
        seat[j - 1] = 1

res = 0
for i in range(10 ** 6):
    if seat[i] == 1:
        res += 1
print(res)


# Optimized solution
n = int(eval(input()))
seat = [0] * (10 ** 5 + 1)
for i in range(n):
    l, r = list(map(int, input().split()))
    seat[l - 1] += 1
    seat[r] -= 1

for i in range(1, 10 ** 5):
    seat[i] += seat[i - 1]

res = 0
for i in range(10 ** 5):
    if seat[i] == 1:
        res += 1
print(res)